Name_________________________________ Sameroff Objective: Period_______ Date_____________ SWBAT determine P-wave and S-wave travel times using the ESRT. DO NOW VOCABULARY Activity #1 Activity #2 Exit DO NOW How are you feeling today? Why? 2. If an earthquake occurred near you, would P waves or S waves reach you first? Explain your answer. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ VOCABULARY Use your worksheet to define the words below using page 3. Primary Waves (p-waves) Secondary Waves (swaves) Focus ACTIVITY #1 Using your ESRT page 11, answer the following questions. 1. What is the actual value of 1 on the x axis? ____________ 2. What is the value of each smaller division on the bottom of the graph worth? _________ 1 3. What is the value of each smaller division on the left side of the graph (y-axis) worth? _________ 4. If a seismic station is 3200km from an earthquake epicenter, which is the time needed for an swave to travel from the epicenter to the seismic station? a. c. 4 mins 40 secs 10 min 40 secs b. 6 mins 0 secs d. 11 min 10 secs 5. Station D is 8000 kilometers from the earthquake epicenter. How long did it take for the first Pwave to travel from the epicenter to station D? a. 9 minutes 20 seconds b. 20 minutes 40 seconds b. 11 minutes 20 seconds d. 4 minutes 20 seconds 6. How far can an S-wave travel in 9 minutes? ___________ 7. How far can a P-wave travel in 6 minutes 40 seconds? _____________ 8. How far can an S-wave travel in 6 minutes 40 seconds? ____________ 9. How long does it take a S-wave to travel 2,000 km? _____________ 10. How long does it take a P-wave to travel 10,000 km? ____________ 2 ACTIVITY #2 3 1. What can you determine if you know the arrival time of the P-wave and S-wave at a seismic station? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe today’s lesson in 3-5 sentences. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4 5 EXIT TICKET 6 7 8 9 1. What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What cells perform anaerobic respiration? _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Compare the amount of ATP released by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 4. What are the two stages of anaerobic respiration? 10 11 Type of sugar 12 More about Fermentation As we already stated, fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in single celled organisms. Sometimes cells in multicellular organisms also undergo a similar type of fermentation when no oxygen is available. For example, when your muscles are overworked from running or some other activity, lactic acid is released rather than water or alcohol. The result is a burning or soreness of the muscles that are involved because the lactic acid irritates them. 8. What kind of respiration occurs in yeast and other unicellular organisms? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 9. How are the products of fermentation in unicellular vs. multicellular organisms different? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why do plants need oxygen? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why do animals need oxygen? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 12. How do plants get the glucose they use to make energy? 13. How do animals get the glucose they use to make energy? 14. What type of energy does the plant use to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar? 15. In what form is the energy released by cellular respiration stored? 13 EXIT TICKET How do trees help you breathe? Recall that trees release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. And you need oxygen to breathe. Do you know why? So your cells can perform cellular respiration and make ATP. Connecting Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected through an important relationship. This 14 relationship enables life to survive as we know it. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. Notice that the equation for cellular respiration is the direct opposite of photosynthesis: Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2 Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It is the released oxygen that is used by us and most other organisms for cellular respiration. We breathe in that oxygen, which is carried through our blood to all our cells. In our cells, oxygen allows cellular respiration to proceed. Cellular respiration works best in the presence of oxygen. Without oxygen, much less ATP would be produced. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere. While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis (Figure below) and cellular respiration worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat. 1. What types of organisms perform photosynthesis? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the reactants and the products of photosynthesis? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How is energy converted and stored in the process of photosynthesis? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What kinds of organisms perform cellular respiration? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How is energy converted and stored in the process of cellular respiration? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How are the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration using the venn diagram below. 15 REGENTS QUESTIONS 1. An inorganic molecule required by green plants for the process of photosynthesis is (1) oxygen (2) starch (3) carbon dioxide (4) glucose 2. Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human metabolic processes. The original source of this energy is the energy (1) in protein molecules stored within the potato (2) from starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant (3) made available by photosynthesis (4) in vitamins and minerals found in the soil 3. Photosynthesis is the process by which (1) the potential energy of simple sugars is transferred to ATP molecules (2) simple sugars are gradually broken down to form lactic acid or alcohol (3) two simple sugar molecules combine to form maltose and water (4) light energy is converted into the chemical energy of simple sugars EXIT TICKET 16 ANSWERS 1. What kinds of organisms perform photosynthesis? Big Idea 1: Photosynthesis is performed by autotrophs 2. What are the reactants and the products of photosynthesis? 17 Big Idea 2: In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to stored chemical energy when autotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and released oxgyen. 3. How is energy converted and stored in the process of photosynthesis? Big Idea 2: In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to stored chemical energy when autotrophs convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and released oxgyen. 4. What kinds of organisms perform cellular respiration? Big Idea 3: Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms 5. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? Big Idea 4: In cellular respiration, sugar (glucose) and oxygen molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water, and energy is transferred and stored in a form of energy cells can use. 6. How is energy converted and stored in the process of cellular respiration? Big Idea 4: In cellular respiration, sugar (glucose) and oxygen molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water, and energy is transferred and stored in a form of energy cells can use. 7. How are the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Big Idea 5: The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle. 18
