CE 213-18 (ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1)
Wednesday 10;00 am - 1:00 pm / 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm
NAME: Paclaon, Ernest Vincent P.
RESEARCH WORK.
Define Natural Lighting. Explain
Natural lighting refers to the illumination of indoor spaces using sunlight as the
primary light source. It is the result of harnessing and optimizing the available natural
daylight to brighten and enhance the interior of a building.
Enumerate and define at least 5 sources of Natural lighting.
1. Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight is the illumination provided by the sun's rays
entering a space through openings such as windows, doors, or other transparent
surfaces. It is the most intense form of natural lighting and can vary in intensity
depending on the sun's angle, time of day, and geographic location.
2. Skylights: Skylights are windows or transparent panels installed in a building's roof
or ceiling to allow natural light to enter from above. They diffuse and distribute
daylight evenly, reducing the need for artificial lighting in the interior spaces.
3. Windows: Windows are transparent or translucent openings in the walls of a
building that allow natural light to enter from the outside. They come in various sizes,
shapes, and types, including operable (able to be opened) and fixed (non-operable)
windows.
4. Clerestory Windows: Clerestory windows are a specific type of window set high in
the walls of a building, typically just below the roofline. They are designed to bring in
natural light while maintaining privacy and can create an even, indirect illumination in
a space.
5. Light Tubes (Solatubes or Sun Tunnels): Light tubes, also known as Solatubes or
sun tunnels, are tubular devices that capture natural light from the roof and channel
it into the interior through a highly reflective interior surface. They are often used in
spaces that are difficult to reach with traditional windows or skylights and can
provide natural lighting in areas like corridors and bathrooms.
Define Artificial Lighting. Explain.
Artificial lighting refers to the use of man-made or artificial light sources to illuminate
indoor or outdoor spaces. Unlike natural lighting, which relies on sunlight, artificial lighting
relies on various technologies and artificial light fixtures to provide illumination. Artificial
lighting serves several important purposes, and it plays a crucial role in modern life and
design.
Enumerate and define at least 5 sources of Artificial lighting.
1. Incandescent Bulbs: Incandescent bulbs are one of the oldest and most traditional
forms of artificial lighting. They work by passing an electric current through a
filament, which then emits light due to the high temperature. Incandescent bulbs
produce a warm and soft light but are less energy-efficient compared to newer
technologies.
2. Fluorescent Lights: Fluorescent lights use a gas and phosphor coating to produce
light. When an electric current passes through the gas, it emits ultraviolet (UV) light,
which then interacts with the phosphor coating to produce visible light. Fluorescent
lights are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs and are often used in
commercial and industrial settings.
3. LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Lamps: LED lamps are highly energy-efficient light
sources that use a semiconductor to emit light when an electric current is applied.
They come in various shapes and sizes and are known for their longevity and low
energy consumption. LED lighting has become the preferred choice for many
applications, including residential, commercial, and outdoor lighting.
4. Halogen Lamps: Halogen lamps are a type of incandescent bulb that uses a
halogen gas to extend the lifespan of the filament and provide a brighter, whiter light.
They are commonly used in applications requiring high-intensity lighting, such as
spotlights and automotive headlights.
5. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs): CFLs are a more energy-efficient alternative
to traditional incandescent bulbs. They operate on the same principle as fluorescent
lights but are designed to fit into standard light fixtures. CFLs use less energy and
last longer than incandescent bulbs but have been largely replaced by LEDs due to
their even greater energy efficiency.
Define:
a. Solar Lighting: Solar lighting refers to a system that uses solar energy, typically
collected through photovoltaic panels, to power artificial lighting. It is a sustainable and
environmentally friendly method of illuminating outdoor areas, pathways, gardens, and even
indoor spaces by storing and using solar-generated electricity.
b. Heliostats: Heliostats are devices equipped with mirrors or reflective surfaces that track
and redirect sunlight. They are often used in solar power generation to concentrate sunlight
onto a specific point, such as a solar collector or tower, to generate heat or electricity.
c. Solarium: A solarium is a type of room or structure, typically part of a building, that is
designed to maximize exposure to natural sunlight. It often features large windows, glass
walls, or a translucent roof to create a space where people can enjoy sunlight while being
protected from the elements.
d. Atrium: An atrium is a central, open, and often multi-story space within a building that is
typically surrounded by windows, skylights, or glass walls. Atria are designed to allow
natural light to penetrate deep into the interior of the building, providing illumination and a
sense of openness.
e. Clerestory Window: A clerestory window is a high, vertically oriented window set in or
above the main roofline of a building. It is designed to bring natural light into the interior of a
structure while maintaining privacy and architectural aesthetics. Clerestory windows are
often found in religious buildings, large halls, and modern architectural designs.
f. Prisms: Prisms are transparent or semi-transparent optical elements with specific
geometric shapes, such as triangular or rectangular, that can refract and disperse light.
They are used in various applications, including spectroscopy, photography, and to create
optical effects, such as rainbows.
g. Smart Glass: Smart glass, also known as switchable or dynamic glass, is glass that can
change its properties, such as transparency and opacity, in response to an external
stimulus, typically an electrical voltage. It can be used to control the amount of light and
heat entering space and offers privacy and energy-saving benefits.
h. Light Tubes: Light tubes, also known as sun tubes or solar tubes, are tubular devices
that capture natural light from the roof and channel it into the interior through a highly
reflective interior surface. They are used to bring natural daylight into spaces that are
difficult to reach with traditional windows or skylights.
i. Translucent Walls: Translucent walls are walls made from materials that allow diffused
light to pass through but obscure the view. They are often used to create privacy while still
permitting the transmission of some natural light.
j. Solar Panels: Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic panels, are devices that capture
sunlight and convert it into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These panels are commonly
installed on rooftops or in solar farms to generate clean and sustainable energy for various
applications, including powering homes, businesses, and other electrical systems.
To be submitted on or before October 27, 2023
ENGR. BENJAMIN V. RAMOS
INSTRUCTOR