1 1 Copper is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table. Copper is harder than sodium. (a) Give two other ways in which the physical properties of copper differ from the physical properties of sodium. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2] (b) Give one use of copper. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 3] 2 The table shows some properties of four Group I elements. element melting point / °C boiling point / °C hardness / MPa lithium 181 1342 5.00 sodium 98 potassium 63 760 rubidium 39 686 0.70 0.36 (a) Complete the table by predicting: • the boiling point of sodium • the hardness of rubidium. [2] (b) Predict the physical state of potassium at 50 °C. Give a reason for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 4] 3 This question is about halogens. The table shows some properties of four halogens. 2 halogen melting point in °C boiling point in °C density at room temperature and pressure 3 in g / cm chlorine −101 −35 0.003 bromine −7 59 3.12 iodine 114 184 astatine 302 6.35 (a) Complete the table by predicting: • the density of iodine at room temperature and pressure • the boiling point of astatine. [2] (b) Predict the physical state of bromine at 20 °C. Give a reason for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 4] 4 This question is about halogens. The table shows some properties of four halogens. halogen melting point in °C boiling point in °C fluorine 220 88 chlorine density at room temperature and pressure 3 in g/cm 35 0.003 bromine 7 59 3.12 iodine 114 184 4.93 3 (a) Complete the table by predicting: • the melting point of chlorine • the density of fluorine at room temperature and pressure. [2] (b) Predict the physical state of fluorine at 0 °C. Give a reason for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 4] 5 Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride. (a) State the colour of chlorine gas. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Chlorine is a diatomic molecule. State the meaning of the term diatomic. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (c) Complete the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with chlorine. 2Na + ............ → .......NaCl [2] (d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. Describe two physical properties of ionic compounds. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2] [Total: 6] 6 Give the electronic structure of a fluorine atom. .................................................................................................................................................. [1] [Total: 1] 7 The elements shown are gases at room temperature and pressure. 4 hydrogen nitrogen oxygen chlorine (a) State which one of these gases is green. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) The gases shown exist as diatomic molecules. State the name of another element which has diatomic molecules and is a gas at room temperature and pressure. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (c) When separate samples of each of these gases are placed in a container they will diffuse. (i) Describe why these gases diffuse. ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) State which of these four gases has the highest rate of diffusion. Explain your answer. gas ....................................................................................................................... explanation ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ [2] [Total: 5] 8 The symbol equation for the production of sodium hydride is shown. 2Na + H2 → 2NaH (a) Write a word equation for this reaction. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Suggest why the hydrogen must be dry. ........................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 2] 5 9 The symbols of the elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown. Na Al Mg Si P S Cl Ar Write the symbol of the element which is stored under oil. .................................................................................................................................................. [1] [Total: 1] 10 Give two ways in which the properties of transition elements differ from the properties of Group I metals. 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 2 .............................................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 2] 11 The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown. Li Be B C N O F Ne For each of the following, give the symbol of an element from Period 2 which matches the description. Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all. Which element: (a) combines with hydrogen to produce ammonia ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) makes up approximately 21% of clean, dry air ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (c) has atoms with only two electrons in the outer shell ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (d) has atoms with only seven protons ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (e) is a monoatomic gas ........................................................................................................................................... [1] 6 (f) is a soft metal stored in oil? ........................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 6] 12 Helium and hydrogen can both be used to fill balloons. Suggest one advantage of using helium rather than hydrogen to fill balloons. .................................................................................................................................................. [1] [Total: 1] 13 Cobalt is a transition element. Lithium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table. Describe three ways in which the properties of cobalt differ from those of lithium. 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 3 ............................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 2] 14 This question is about the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar State which Period 3 element provides an inert atmosphere in lamps. .................................................................................................................................................. [1] [Total: 1] 15 Ammonia reacts with oxygen at high temperatures in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form nitric oxide, NO. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) (a) Explain how this chemical equation shows ammonia acting as a reducing agent. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [1] 7 (b) Suggest a suitable catalyst for the reaction from the list of metals. Give a reason for your answer. aluminium calcium platinum potassium sodium suitable catalyst ................................................................................................................ reason ............................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 3] 16 Iron is a transition element. State three properties of transition elements which are not shown by Group I elements. 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 3] 17 The noble gases, which are in Group 0 of the Periodic Table, are all very ......1...... . ......2......, one of these gases, is used to provide an inert atmosphere in lamps. Another, ......3......, is used for filling balloons because it is less dense than air. Which words complete the sentences about noble gases? 1 2 3 A reactive argon helium B reactive helium argon C unreactive argon helium D unreactive helium argon [1] [Total: 1] 8 18 The following statements are about elements in the Periodic Table. 1 Their atoms have a full outer shell of electrons. 2 They form basic oxides. 3 They are found in Group 0. 4 They are present in small quantities in the air. Which statements are correct for the noble gases? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4 [1] [Total: 1] 19 Across a period, the elements change from metallic to non-metallic. (a) Describe how the type of oxide changes across this period. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Describe how the type of bonding in the chlorides formed by these elements changes across this period. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 4] 20 Which substances react with aqueous potassium bromide to form bromine? chlorine iodine A ✓ ✓ B ✓ ✗ C ✗ ✓ D ✗ ✗ [1] [Total: 1] 9 21 The diagrams show apparatus used to test the reaction of chlorine with different liquids. 1 2 chlorine chlorine aqueous potassium bromide Universal Indicator solution In which test-tubes is an orange-brown colour produced? A both 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 only D neither 1 nor 2 [1] [Total: 1] 22 Elements in Group 0 of the Periodic Table have uses. These noble gases are ......1...... and this explains why argon ......2...... be used in lamps. Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2? 1 2 A reactive can B reactive cannot C unreactive can D unreactive cannot [1] [Total: 1] 10 23 The diagram shows a light bulb. filament argon Why is argon used instead of air in the light bulb? A Argon is a good conductor of electricity. B Argon is more reactive than air. C The filament glows more brightly. D The filament does not react with the argon. [1] [Total: 1] 24 In the Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in columns called Groups and in rows called Periods. (a) Complete the table for some of the elements in Period 3. group number symbol I II III IV V VI VII Na Mg Al Si P S Cl number of valency electrons valency [2] (b) What is the relationship between the group number and the number of valency electrons? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [1] 11 (c) Explain the relationship between the number of valency electrons and the valency for the elements Na to Al, ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... for the elements P to Cl. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 7] 25 Aqueous chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium iodide. Cl2 + 2NaI→ 2NaCl + I2 Explain how this equation shows that chlorine is more reactive than iodine. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [1] [Total: 1]
