Name Date Class Content Vocabulary The Erosion-Deposition Process Directions: Unscramble and write the words. Then write each term on the line before its definition. 1. snoopitide 2. roinose 3. esporcs 4. etlad 5. the removal of weathered material 6. an ongoing event or a series of related events 7. the laying down of sediment 8. a large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water Name Date Class Lesson Outline The Erosion-Deposition Process A. Reshaping Earth’s Surface 1. A combination of constructive and destructive processes produce . 2. processes build up features on Earth’s surface. 3. processes tear down features on Earth’s surface. B. A Continual Process of Change 1. is the breakdown of rock. a. weathering breaks rocks into pieces without changing the chemical composition of the rocks. b. weathering alters the chemical composition of rock. c. Water, wind, and ice are , or causes, of weathering. d. A rock’s resistance to weathering is based on its composition. 2. is the removal of weathered material from one location to another. a. The of erosion can be affected by factors such as weather, climate, topography, and type of rock. b. Erosion occurs on barren land than on land covered with vegetation. c. Agents of erosion can move smaller pieces of rock than they can move larger pieces of rock. d. The a piece of rock is, the more its sharp edges have been broken off during erosion. e. If a pile of sediment erodes quickly, it is well sorted than if the pile erodes slowly. 3. Running water, wind, glaciers, and gravity lay down sediments during . a. Deposition occurs as the agents of deposition slow down and energy. b. The location where sediment is deposited is called the . likely to be Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued c. In a(n) -energy depositional environment, sediment is transported quickly. d. In a(n) -energy depositional environment, even small sediments get deposited. e. Sediments deposited in water usually form layers called . C. Interpreting Landforms 1. Features such as structure, elevation, and rock exposure give clues about how a(n) formed. 2. Tall, jagged structures are usually formed by . 3. Low or flat landforms are often formed by . a. At the base of a mountain slope, in a gentle valley, a stream will deposit an apron of sediment called a(n) . b. A(n) in the width or depth of a river channel can slow down the current and cause the river to deposit sediments. c. Deposition in a riverbed occurs where the speed of the water . d. As glaciers melt, they can create deposits called eskers and . Name Date Class Content Practice A The Erosion-Deposition Process Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once. chemical flat weathering deposition rounding depositional sediment energy sort 1. The breakdown of rock is called erosion tall . 2. Physical weathering is the breaking of rock into pieces without changing its composition. 3. Gravel, sand, silt, and clay are different sizes of small pieces of rock, or . 4. The removal of weathered material from one location to another is a destructive process called . 5. The wearing away of sharp edges on a rock during erosion is known as . 6. Erosion can sediment by size. 7. The laying down or settling of eroded material is a constructive process called . 8. As water or wind slows down, it has less and holds less sediment. 9. The location where sediment is deposited is called a(n) environment. 10. Landforms created by erosion are often , jagged structures with cuts in layers of rock. 11. Landforms created by deposition are usually on , low land. Name Date Class Content Practice B The Erosion-Deposition Process Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. A combination of constructive and destructive processes produce landforms. 2. The breakdown of rock is the constructive process called weathering. 3. Physical weathering is the breaking of rock into pieces without changing its physical composition. 4. Gravel, sand, silt, and clay are different sizes of sediment. 5. Deposition is a destructive process that moves weathered material from one location to another. 6. Sediment rounding is caused by the wearing away of sharp edges during erosion. 7. As sediment is transported by erosion, it can become sorted by grain size. 8. Deposition, a constructive process, is the laying down or settling of eroded material. 9. Wind or water can hold more sediment when it slows down because it has less energy. 10. The location where sediment is deposited is called a depositional environment. 11. Landforms created by erosion are usually on flat, low land. 12. Landforms created by deposition are often tall, jagged structures with cuts in layers of rock. Name Date School to Home The Erosion-Deposition Process Did you know? The landscape in many of our country’s most beautiful national parks is the result of erosion. Probably the most familiar landform is the Grand Canyon—a mile-deep gash in Earth’s surface carved by the Colorado River. Erosion is still deepening the canyon, although the process is too slow for you to see. For this activity, you will need a new eraser with squared edges and a sheet of paper. 1. Place the eraser on a table in front of you. Describe what the eraser looks like. 2. Rub one of the squared edges of the eraser on the sheet of paper for 10 seconds. Describe the appearance of the eraser after rubbing. 3. What does this activity model? Explain your answer. 4. What does the eraser represent? What does the material that results from the rubbing represent? Class Name Date Class Key Concept Builder The Erosion-Deposition Process Key Concept How can erosion shape and sort sediment? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided. Weathering Erosion 1. What is it? 2. What is it? 3. What are two types of weathering, and how are they different? 4. What does erosion do to landforms and to sediment? 5. List important agents, or causes, of weathering. 6. List important agents, or causes, of erosion. 7. What causes the rate of weathering to differ? 8. Which factors affect the rate of erosion? 9. List the different sizes of sediment. 10. How does the size of sediment created by weathering affect the rate of erosion? Name Date Key Concept Builder The Erosion-Deposition Process Key Concept How can erosion shape and sort sediment? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. What is rounding? 2. How does erosion cause rounding? 3. Describe the shape of a rock that has been polished by erosion. Directions: Use the diagrams to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 4. Which diagram shows sediment that is well sorted? 5. Which diagram shows sediment that is poorly sorted? 6. Give an example of erosion that often causes sediment to be well sorted. Class Name Date Key Concept Builder The Erosion-Deposition Process Key Concept How are erosion and deposition related? Directions: Answer each question in the space provided. Deposition and Its Relation to Erosion Question 1. What is deposition? 2. How are erosion and deposition related? 3. Can deposition take place without erosion? Explain. 4. Why does deposition occur when water or wind slows down? 5. What is depositional environment? 6. What are high-energy depositional environments? 7. What are low-energy depositional environments? Answer Class Name Date Class Key Concept Builder The Erosion-Deposition Process Key Concept What features suggest whether erosion or deposition created a landform? Directions: On the line before each landform or body of water, write E if it is was created by erosion or D if it was created by deposition. 1. tall, jagged structures 2. exposed layers of different types of rock 3. flat and low-lying land 4. alluvial fans of sediment 5. tall, protruding landforms called hoodoos 6. riverbed filled by rounded rock fragments 7. sandbars 8. ice-carved mountains 9. sea cliffs, caves, and sea arches 10. stream made up of muddy water 11. long, narrow deposits left by glaciers 12. U-shaped valleys Directions: Answer the question on the lines provided. 13. What are the general characteristics of landforms created by erosion and by deposition? Name Date Class Enrichment Building Islands The Hawaiian Islands are known for their warmth, sunshine, beaches, and breathtaking beauty. Among geologists, they are also known for the unique forces that built them. Each island began as a submarine volcano on the ocean floor, building height with each lava flow. Above sea level, island formation continued. Thousands of far-spreading lava flows built broadly rounded, dome-shaped mountains known as shield volcanoes. composites of more than one. The Hawaiian hot spot is presently under the Big Island of Hawaii. This island is constructed of five volcanoes, two of which are among the most active on Earth. Hawaiian volcanoes primarily erupt a type of rock known as basalt. Molten basalt produces lava flows that are more fluid than other eruptions and forms volcanoes that usually have gently sloping sides. Constructive Processes With time, the Hawaiian volcanoes keep drifting northwest; the oldest islands are farthest from the active volcano, which is over the hot spot. As the islands age, the crust that they sit upon cools and subsides. This subsiding crust, combined with erosion of the islands’ once-active volcanism, causes the islands to slowly shrink. Kauai, one of the larger islands, has been altered by shield collapse. When the underground magma moves away, the top of the shield above it collapses, forming a depression. Kauai also has major landslides. Streams whose flows were redirected by landslide material eroded Waimea Canyon, exposing layers of different types of rock. Streams also carried eroded material and deposited it in the valleys, enriching the soil for agriculture. The Hawaiian Island volcanoes are called hot spot islands. Deep within the earth, below the plates, are sources of magma called hot spots. Volcanoes form on the plate above the hot spot. As the plate moves over the hot spot, new volcanoes form, and the old ones, which no longer overlie the hot spot, become extinct. This process is illustrated in the figure below. Destructive Processes Each island is made up of at least one primary volcano, and some islands are Applying Critical-Thinking Skills Directions: Respond to each statement. 1. Interpret The Pacific plate is moving in a northwesterly direction. Refer to the figure and decide which island is the oldest one in the chain. Explain your reasoning. 2. Predict what would have to occur before the volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii become extinct. Name Date Challenge Recognizing Erosion and Deposition The processes of erosion and deposition are not limited to landforms like mountains, streams, and beaches—they are going on around you constantly. All you have to do is look for the evidence. Find and Describe Choose an area near your house, school, or community to survey for evidence of erosion and deposition. Some good locations to examine are • • • • • • • any area after a rainfall; sand or dirt piles; flower beds; areas behind and above retaining walls; cracks between sidewalks and curbs; sloping areas near buildings; coastal beaches or rocks. Describe three examples of erosion or deposition that you observed. For each example, describe and sketch the area and explain and diagram the process of erosion or deposition that is taking place in the space below. Class Name Date Lesson Quiz A The Erosion-Deposition Process True or False Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. 1. Deposition can occur where wind or running water slows down. 2. Weathering is a constructive process. 3. During erosion, rocks become less rounded and develop rough edges. 4. Large grains of sediment can only be transported and deposited in a low-energy environment. 5. Erosion moves weathered rock from one place to another. 6. Physical weathering does not change the chemical composition of rock. Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer. 7. In which environment would well-sorted sediment be present? A. in beach sand deposited by waves B. in a small mound formed by a rockfall C. in sediment left behind after a glacier melts 8. How does a hoodoo form? A. sorting B. gradual deposition C. differing rates of erosion 9. Which factor is NOT an agent of weathering? A. wind B. plants C. sediment 10. Which landform is created by glaciers? A. sandbar B. moraine C. alluvial fan Class Name Date Class Lesson Quiz B The Erosion-Deposition Process Completion Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. 1. can occur where wind and running water lose energy and slow down. 2. causes the breakdown of rock. 3. During erosion, the shape of rocks changes to become more . 4. Large grains of sediment can only be transported and deposited in a(n) -energy environment. 5. moves weathered rock from one place to another. 6. The chemical composition of rock does not change during weathering. Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 7. Explain how the speed at which erosion takes place affects the sorting of sediment. 8. Describe how a hoodoo forms. 9. List three agents of weathering. 10. Write an example of a landform created by glaciers. Explain whether it is the result of erosion or deposition.
