Chapter 1
THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Child Abuse is a universal problem that needs more attention from the
government and from the people. In Philippines, Child Maltreatment has been
practiced a long time ago. Before there are no laws protecting the children from
various form of abuses. In the times when the Philippines was not yet colonized
by the Spanish, this kind of abuses in the children are practiced by the different
tribes, in which later on became their own culture. Such practice like sacrificing
their children only to please their Deities and give them a good year. However
this kind of practiced was not only practiced in the Philippines. This practice is
actually started during ancient time especially in the Rome and Greek time. It was
just passed by the people that migrate and discover the island of the Philippines.
During the Ancient time, they were treat their children as their property.
The father who is the head of the family has the authority and rights to do
whatever he wants to do in his children. He can sell, kill, maims and sacrifice his
own children. This children that usually sacrificed by their parents are usually
born deformed, weak, disabled or any reason that can be considered as unfit to
live. There was a Roman writer who first recorded a rape case of a seven years
old girl witnessed by a line of clapping women he was Petronius
(http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/history.html). Pagan in Roman Empire went
so far as to kill their children as religious sacrifices to their gods. According to
Plutarch, the Catharginians, “offered their own children and those who had no
children would buy little ones from poor people and cut their throats as if they
were so many lambs of young birds; meanwhile the mothers stood by without a
tear or moan. However not all religious group during middle ages are fascinated
1
in practicing infanticide; the Roman Catholic oppose this kind of act and
discourage
their
followers
to
practice
infanticide
(ChristianHistory,http;//www.christiancandre.org/member.contrib/cp.infanticide/h
tml).And through colonization child abuse has been brought in the Philippines.
During this time physical abuse and child neglect were officially recognized.
However, there are no actions that took to prevent this kind of act. Until Etta
Wheeler, the first American woman who fought the right of a child who suffer in
the hands of her family, “Animals are protected, but children were not”. She is the
first person who opens the eyes of their government about child abuse case
(http://www.americanhumane.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/etta-wheeleraccount-html). And from that point the government has moved to create laws that
protect the rights of the children. The society also promoted that parents do not
have complete authority in their children (Finkelhor, 1986).
And then in the 19th century there was a first legal implementation
regarding the protection of children. It was implemented by the American and put
it in their legal system. And through this initiative made by the government of
America, the other countries also adopted and implement this act for the
protection of the children. Philippines also adopt this Act and were implement a
law in 1974 setting an age requirement of employment. Presidential Decrees no.
603 or The Child and Youth Welfare. And year later for the pursuant of 1987
constitutions they implemented Republic Act 7610 or also known as Special
Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act in
1992. And then they amend the R.A7610 to R.A 7658 for the age requirement.
These laws were created for the protection of the children and for their welfare. It
just basically ensures the future of the children. It gives authority to the local
official to promote and support activities for the protection and total development
of children, particularly those below seven years old. And adopt measures to
2
prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse and juvenile delinquency. Child
abuse has been categorized in different forms and they are physical abuse and
child neglect in which it was officially recognized in the 1960’s and it took
another decade to recognize the sexual abuse and emotional child abuse.
According to International Labour Organization in every developing
country that has 250 million children who are between 5 and 14 years old that
works, 120 million of these children were full-time workers. And World Health
Organization claimed that approximately 40 million children are subjected to
child abuse each year. It was also proven by Casa Alianza, an organization that
cares for the youth. They supported what he World Health Organizations claimed.
In their studies approximately one million of children around the world are
introduced into commercial sexual exploitation every year.
In a developing country like Philippines Child abuse has been spreading
and increasing despite the fact that there is a law protecting children. Since the
municipalities were economically stable, this country is also in a state of war
against the rebel, in which in these war children and women are usually the
victims. However, because of the developing minds of the people children are
also used as a weapon in war, it usually happens because of poverty, in which
through their fresh minds and principles they are easy to influence. They are also
engaged in a dangerous works that risk their health and lives. Regarding in the
numbers of the children that involve in hazardous work it is said to be that region
IV-A has more rescued child labours. In adding to that effect, the child abuse rates
have been increasingly in this year. A lot of child abuse cases that were seen in
the televisions are usually come from the municipalities of Cavite
(Child Labor,http://www.scribd.com/doc/6856811/CHILD LABOR).
3
Child Abuse do not choose its gender, it do not choose a specific
individual, nor specific time, place and situation it can be happen to everyone
there can be no exception. And it doesn’t mean knowing one rights but applying
one right. Everybody are born equal, they were created out of love. Children are
reflected of the past, living in the present and nurturing the future. A home are
were the relationship begin and end.
Protecting children are the duty of the parents. Even though they are blood
related it doesn’t give rights or authority for them to treat their children as a
property. There’s a limitations in caring their children, their job is to protect and
lead them in a good path. Like what Rizal said “Ang Kabataan ang Pag-asa ng
bayan”. It is therefore that protecting their future is what the government and
people should taking care of. They need to help each other to protect the
children’s future.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the effectivity of the R.A 7610 or Special
Protection of Children against Abuse, exploitation and discrimination Act in the
two municipalities of Cavite.
More specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is Republic Act 7610?
2. From 2006 up to present (2010), which Municipality showed the higher
and the lower record of child abuse cases filed in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor and Silang?
2.1 Which kind of sexual abuse and physical abuse showed the highest record
of cases filed in the Municipal Police Station?
4
3. What kind of strategies is set by the selected municipalities of Cavite to
have stiffer implementation of republic act 7610?
3.1 What are the effects of strategies implemented by the selected
Municipalities?
Assumption
The researchers assume the following:
1.
Republic Act 7610 also known as "Special Protection of Children
against Abuse, Exploitation
and Discrimination Act”. It is an act
providing for stronger deterrence and special protection against child
abuse, exploitation and discrimination, providing penalties for its
violation, and for other purposes.
2. Looking at the covered municipalities Bacoor and Silang, the
researchers assumed that the Municipality of Bacoor has the highest
record of child abuses filed, for the reason of its geographical location
in which the researchers believe that Bacoor is more urbanized than
the Municipality of Silang which the researchers believes that Silang is
still consider as province.
2.1 Physical abuse, like slight physical injury is the researchers believed to
be the highest child abuse case filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and
Silang, because of the unstoppable news about those children whom
experienced child abuse particularly physical abuse and to be specific
slight physical injuries. While, in the case of sexual abuse, acts of
lasciviousness is the researchers believed to be the highest child abuse
filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang.
5
3. Looking to normally implemented strategies that the government
agencies always used are conducting seminars and the basic delivery
of services. Conducting seminars are always used by the government,
for the reason that having a hand on hand interaction of people within
the community and the authority like the Women and Children
Protection Desk will be the key for the proper implementation of the
said act and for the people, particularly the children and the youth that
there are existing laws that protect them from any harm. And delivery
of basic services, like ensuring the rehabilitation and protection of
every members of the society.
3.1 The researchers assumed that after the strategies implemented by the
Municipality of Bacoor and Silang there would be a change in terms of the
crimes committed in violation of republic act 7610, in which people may
not be advantageous to others especially youth and children, for being
aware that there are existing laws like the said act protecting them. And
the justice will prevail, because by being informed by the rights given and
protection, those past victims of the crimes committed in violation of R.A
7610, will have voice for them to acquire justice.
6
Conceptual Framework
7
Figure 1.1
It shows the implementation of republic act 7610 in the Municipality of
Bacoor and Silang, Cavite. Through the implementation of Republic act 7610 it
can create an ordinance that will protect the children and it will lessen the crimes
committed against them and lastly it will create a new future for the abused
survivors. Through the implementation of R.A 7610 in selected municipalities in
Cavite by the government and the non-governmental organizations the researchers
can indicate how effective are the implementation in the selected municipalities
are. In the conceptual framework it shows how R.A 7610 is implemented, and
what the result of it in the people is. In the entire conceptual framework shows the
flow of the studies in relation in R.A 7610.
Significance of the Study
The researchers will be conducting a research focusing on the
implementation of Republic Act 7610 in the selected municipalities of Silang and
Bacoor, Cavite. This study will prove to be beneficial to the following:
National Government. This analysis will help the national government
to be informed and be aware, especially the law-making body if the R.A 7610
they made was implemented effectively to the two municipalities.
Future Researchers. This research will prove to be beneficial to future
researchers as it can be used as a background study for other researches related to
the topic.
Students and Professionals. This research will provide knowledge for
better understanding of R.A 7610 and its implementation.
8
People of the selected municipalities of Cavite. In this study people
shall be benefited from the result of this analysis in which they will become
enlightened that children must be protected and be free from any kind of abuses.
Scope and Delimitations
This research is not totally bound to the study of the effectivity of
Republic Act 7610. The researchers also divulge into deep historical background
of the act and its creation from Rome and how Philippines adopted the R.A 7610.
This study will focus on the implementation of the said act in the selected
municipalities of Cavite, which comprises the municipalities of Bacoor and
Silang. In which the researchers will concentrate in the implementation of R.A
7610 in each municipality and the strategies and programs that each municipality
adopted for the effective implementation of the said act.
This research only covered the sexual abuse and physical abuses, and the
implementation of the said act from 2006 up to present.
Definition of Terms
There are terminologies that the researchers assumed needed to be
interpreted. These are the terms used in the study.
Child Abuse. It is the physical or psychological/emotional mistreatment of
children.
Child Labour. It is refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained
labour.
Child Welfare. It is used to describe a set of government services designed to
protect children and encourage family stability.
9
Emotional Abuse. It is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or
exposing another to behaviour that is psychologically harmful.
Discrimination. It is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward
or against a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class
or category.
Implementation. It is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan,
idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy.
Infanticide. It is the practice of intentionally killing an infant.
Governmental Agency. It is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the
machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration
of specific functions.
Juvenile Delinquency. It refers to children who act against the law.
Municipalities. It is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined
territory and its population and commonly denotes a city, town, or village, or a
small grouping of them. A municipality is typically governed by a mayor and a
city council or municipal council.
Non-governmental organization. It is a term that has become widely accepted as
referring to a legally constituted, non-governmental organization created by
natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government.
Physical abuse. It is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of
intimidation, pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.
Physical injury. Refers to any body damage due to a due a physical impact or
accident. The degree of injury may range from mild to life and limb threatening.
10
Presidential Decrees. It is a rule of law issued by a head of state.
Prostitution. It is the act or practice of engaging in sex acts for hire.
Psychological injury. Refers to any mental damage or impact.
R.A. 7610. It is the Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act.
Sexual abuse. It also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual
behavior by one person upon another, when that force falls short of being a sexual
assault.
Youth Welfare. It is the underlying aim of most social welfare services for
young people.
11
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter would focus on related literature and study of the
researchers which is R.A 7610 or also known as Special Protection of children
against abuse, exploitation and discrimination Act. This will help the readers and
the future researchers of the same study to improve and develop or to have a
better understanding of the study.
Although, there are some literature and study which will not be
specifically covered by the researchers study, they would give at least a light
background and information for the readers.
Local Literature
Child abuse refers to physical, psychological injury, cruelty neglect and
sexual abuse. Physical and sexual abuse has been given attention since 1970.
Hence in 1980 physical abuse has given more attention because it is the beginning
of industrialization in the Philippines, this is during the time of former president
Marcos. In 1990’s the emergence on sexual abuse has been rapidly increasing that
made the Non- Governmental Organization to make a move o prevent it.
The Government and Non-Governmental Organization pay more attention
to these two forms of child abuse due to a number of factors. First is to increased
awareness of the rights of the chid locally and internationally, second is that to
recognize the importance of documentation and lastly to increase the funs for
child- centred projects (Child Abuse in the Philippines, pp 16-19). Because of the
rape increase of child abuse the government form a law that will protect the rights
of the children and it is called Republic Act 7610.
12
Laws that Protect the Children
The first law that protects the children rights has been implemented during
the administration of former President Marcos. He implemented President
Decrees 603 or otherwise known as The Child and Youth Welfare. This is to
protect Children from slavery. In which during his regime the industry of the
country has been develop
so he create such law to set age requirements of
employment.
The other law that protects the children rights was created during the
regime of former President Fidel V. Ramos and it s called Republic Act 7610. The
said law was created in the pursuant of 1987 Constitution. Child Prostitution has
been defined base on Article III Section 5 of this law. Republic Act 7610 is
known as an Act Providing Deterrence and Protection against Child Abuse
exploitation and Discrimination. (Master Plan of Operation against Child
Prostitution and other form of Sexual Abuse)
Republic Act 7610 is a law that contains the Rules and Regulation on the
Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse Cases (RRRICA). It also cites the
special programs that require Department of Justice and Department of Social
Welfare and Development to coordinate a program to protect Children against
child prostitution and other sexual abuse, child trafficking, other acts of abuse and
circumstances which threatens or endanger for survival and normal development
of children (Metropolitan Police Service, London. “Republic Act 7610 as it
relates to sexual and physical Abuse of Children)
Other Laws and Programs that Protect Children Rights
 The Family Code (Executive Order 209 as amended to Executive Order
227)
13
 Executive Order 56- Mandating the DSWD to Take Protective Custody of
Child
 Republic Act 7658 known as an Act Prohibiting the Employment of
Children below 15 years of Age in Public and Private Undertaking.
 Government Programs for Children at risk include the following:
 Provision of centres for treatment and rehabilitative services for
child victims of sexual abuse and exploitation
 Establishment of the Bantay Bata Hotline and the Centre for the
protection of Children
 Creation of Special Committee for the Protection of Children
Against Sexual Abuse and Exploitation through Executive Order
275
 Creation of the Task Force on Child Protection by the Department
of Justice
The Non-Governmental Organization conducts advocacy and public
Awareness raising, research and documentation. They also provide services for
the victims of Child Abuse such as legal support, rehabilitation and prevention.
Both Government and Non-Governmental Organization give their efforts to
implement the Master Plan of Operation.
Local Studies
Children experience abuse suffered an after effect on them. Most of the
abused Children identified with the self-oriented role and played the sub-roles of
blocker and avoider. The design of integrated social services for the children
suffered abuses must therefore be responsive, adequate, readily available,
complementary and cost-effective. (Bonifacio, Manuel. 1991. Understanding the
Phenomenon of Street Children. pp 123-125). In the forum entitled Philippine
14
Youth welfare Council for the Welfare of Children Proceedings of the AbusedBattered Child Symposium Manila, Philippines 22 May 1979, they discusses
about the physiological effects of abuse and its management, and early emergency
therapeutic program for those children who are victims of exploitation. They also
tackled the sociological and cultural causes of child abuse, emphasizing that the
violence inflicted on children is a reflection of violence in social structures.
Children Self- Esteem Test
In the study of Buzon, Hernani, Lumapas and Moderno.1997. A Study of
the self-esteem of the Physical and Sexually Abused Children of Children’s help
and Assistance Foundation, Inc. and an Analysis of their Roles in the Group. They
investigates the differences in self-esteem among physically and sexually abused
children have and non-abused children. They found out that the abused children
have a lower self-esteem than the non-abused children. Abused children that have
lower self-esteem is also manifested in their difficulty in relating to their
environment. In order to cope up, they isolate themselves as a mean of defence
mechanism.
In the same study they conduct a pre and post test treatment involved in
administering the self-inventory in Pilipino (SEIP). The treatment has two phases,
the first phase is that conducting a theatre arts workshop and the second phase is
that the subjects live at the institutions and go through their usual activities. And
the results indicate that the workshop participants had more meaningful
experience than non-participants. They develop self-awareness and selfdiscovery, enjoyed physical and emotional artistic release and they honed their
communication skills.
15
Issues, Concerns and the Roles of Non-Governmental Organization and
Government
In the forum of National Planning Workshop Concerning Women and
Young Workers in Manila, June-August 1986, they identified some issues and
concerns that the Government and Non-Governmental Organization need to
review. The workshop aims to regulate Child Labour rather than its outright
abolition. And the following are the issues and concern that needs to be settled
and they are:
 Data on the number of working children in the Philippines are incomplete
 Child Workers, especially street children, usually come from big, deprived
and marginal, urban families. Their families are mostly jobless or seasonal
worker.
 The exploitation Children is invisible since they usually work under the
guardianship of their parents.
 Child Prostitution can be traced to poverty aggravated by sociopsychological factors such as broken homes
 Street Children face hunger extortion and physical injury from police,
whipping from parents, prohibited drug use and maltreatment from adult
when they are jailed for petty crimes.
 Comprehensive child labour is lacking
 At work, child workers are discriminated against, receive lower wages and
are exposed to worse working conditions than adults.
 Migrant child workers are alienated and their own communities lose their
source of dynamic labor supply
The Government and Non-Governmental Organization have joined forces to
fight child abuse. They also shared same goals and aims to eliminate child
16
exploitation (Philippine Delegation. July 11-13, 1994. Country Statement
Prepared for the European Commission Seminar on the Plight of Street Children
in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia. Pattaya, Thailand.) . Their projects and
programs are the following:
 To provide street children access to basic and special services
 To adopt measures that will facilitate the reunion of street children
with their families
 To extend to street children educational and work opportunities to help
them realizes their full potential
 To enable Government and Non-Governmental Organization, Church
groups and local communities to assume collective responsibility for
the protection of children
 To document and share among program implementers and field
workers effective approaches in working with street children
o Advocacy and social mobilization
o Family and community empowerment
o Project coordination, monitoring and evaluation
Powerlessness and co-dependency underlay the dynamics of the family
relationship. Dependency relations in marginalized families that live below the
poverty lines do not form any unitary concept. It is because they are
interdependent in one another for the reason of economic survival. That will give
impact or effect to children under this kind of circumstances to cope in denial
(Tuazon, Ma. Teresa. (1-2) January-June 1995:20, 27-9 .The Stresses and Ways
of Coping of Children of Alcoholic Fathers. Philippine Social Science
Information 23) Children are not force by their parents to works, it is often that
the parents are also a victims of Child Abuse when they were young (Toress
17
Amaryllis T. (1-2), January-June 1995:17-20.Rethinking Dependency in the
Filipino Family. Philippine Social Science Information 23).
Foreign Literature
Philippines are known as an archipelagic country and investors are here to
invest. However Philippines have a prominent feature of sexually and physically
abused children. Prostitution and Child Labour affects not only the children but
also their communities and families. Some of families force or encourage their
children to engage in Child exploitation to contribute in their family finances, in
the other side some parents do not require their children to do so (Ireland Kevin.
“Sexual Exploitation of Children and international Travel and Tourism.” Child
Abuse Review 2 (1993):263-70)
Child Labour
According to the book of Marcus, Rachel and Caroline Harper entitled
“Small Hands: Children in the Working World.” Child work is work performed
for the child’s family it is a part of socialization process that light works the
children’s school attendance. On the other hand Child Labour is a work
performed for an employer outside the family, in which it may cause conflicts in
schooling of the child involve. It also involve hazardous task, long hours of
working and low pay.
There are reasons for Child Labour and they are poverty and inequality,
the structure of labour markets, household vulnerability, social attitudes toward
childhood and work, and lastly education and child work. With these above
mention reasons the government can find ways in eliminating Child Labour.
18
In the same book it recognizes the vital role of the socio-cultural and
economic variables involving child Labour. It also defines what is acceptable and
unacceptable work and working conditions. And it is committed in eliminating
those that may endanger the children’s future. However Children must also have
the responsibility to participate in any policies or programs that may affect them.
Sexually Abuse
In the book of O’Grady, Ron entitled The Child and Tourist Bangkok: The
Campaign to End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, 1992 it discuss about the
existing Child Prostitution in Philippines and Thailand. The two countries share
unacceptable levels of prostitution in Asia.
In the same book Child prostitution exists because there are pedophiles.
And these pedophiles are predator and motivated by an obsessive desire to have
sexual relations with children and not by any genuine concern for the child. And
tourism makes children more expose in exploitation. In the Philippines, the sex
tourism industry received a great boost when the military bases in the country.
According to O’Grady countries around the world should pay attention so
he enumerates some international level of attention. And these attentions should
be given to the psychology and motivations of pedophiles, tourist education,
educational and sober treatment of the issue by the media, international efforts to
make child prostitution a crime against humanity and lastly more stringent laws
against child pornography. Because of this effort to fight child abuse it will
prevent the growing number of child exploiation.
Foreign Studies
According to the study of Narvesen, Ove. 1998. The sexual Exploitation
of Children in Developing Countries. Redd Barna Norwegian Save the Children,
19
that child prostitution is a recent phenomenon in the developing countries like
Philippines. Also countries that are exporting partner of the U.S are known as
world most populous region and owing to its large number of Labour-intensive
export industries.
In the same studies Philippines were chosen as one of the study site
because of two reasons; the first reason is that there are number of indications that
the problem is an especially extensive one in this country. The second reason is
that the organization has potential working partner in the Philippines. They also
investigate the casual factors that affect Child Abuse and they are urbanization,
machismo, colonial legacy, commercialization, tourism, presence of military
bases and lastly religious and cultural factors.
In the report presented by U.S department of Labour, Bureau of
International Labour Affairs entitled “By the Sweat and Toil of Children: The Use
of Child Labour in American Imports” they said that in the Philippines where at
least 5 million children work in industrial and commercial sectors, bonded labour
has also been discovered in garment and embroider industries. Many children
drop-out of school because their parent can no longer afford the cost of education.
Parents themselves belief that when children are engaged in work at early age it
will help them prepare to support themselves in the future.
In the presentation made by Hiew, Chok entitled “Child Prostitution in the
Philippines, 1993, he blamed international tourism as a main factor for Child
Abuse in the Philippines. Adding to his presentation other factors that cause Child
Abuse are poverty and lack of Political Will to suppress he said problem.
In the same presentation he introduces a strategy to prevent Child
Exploitation and that is altering the socio-economic-cultural environment, helping
victims adjust to the environment and lastly altering the immediate environment.
20
His presentation did not end in that because two years after Hiew, Chok present
another paper entitled “Child Prostitution: Stopping the Exploiters, Rehabilitating
the Victims” at the 53rd Annual International Council Psychologist Convention,
Taipei, Taiwan. 1995. In his presentation he elaborated a method that will end
child prostitution in Asia. In his system he highly discourages the foreign tourist
and pedophiles from engaging sex with children. His systematic multi-preventive
interventions include legislation and law enforcement of Asian Government.,
Economic and psycho-social solutions that will distribute wealth more equitably
and strengthen the communities and families so that they care for the safeguard of
their children.
Hiew, Chok prevention was inclined in the programs made by the
International Labour Organization (ILO) in their studies entitled Attacking Child
Labour in the Philippines: Indicative Frameworks for Philippines-ILO Actions,
Geneva:ILO1994. In the studies made by the International Labour Organization
they present short-to-medium term programs of actions. They also include
protection, preventions and rehabilitation for those children that has been
exploited.
The child to child approach is one of the outreach approaches for the
preventive objectives as well as empowerment to help children regain their
confidence and to go forward on their own. The approach allows the children to
be more sensitive to their peers and to realize their own value and to change the
way they perceive themselves.
21
Relevance to the Study
The local Literature was mainly focus on the evolution of the laws that
protects the children’s rights and a partial explanation of the Republic Act 7610. It
also emphasizes other laws that help to protect the rights of the children. In terms
of Foreign Literature it mainly focuses on some issues of Physical and Sexually
Abuse Children and how they give preventive actions with this kind of problems.
In terms of Local Studies, the main focus is on the after effect in the child
who was abuse by the adults. It looks for the effects in the children and how will
they cope up and regain their confidence and live just like a normal life. And also
it discusses some issues, recommendations and the roles of the Government and
Non-Governmental organization regarding Child Abuse. On the other hand
Foreign Studies tackle some issues and programs of the international organization
regarding to the matters of Child Abuse in Asia.
Child Abuse has become rampant problem not only in the Philippines but
also in the whole world. In all the studies and literature whether it is foreign or
local all have the same goals and that is to prevent this kind of problem.
International and local communities aim to eliminate Child Abuse in the system
of the society because it is a serious illness that spread around the world. The
action to free the children from various forms of child abuse lies in the shoulder
of the pillars of the society and that is the smallest and basic unit called family.
22
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter shows the research method utilized by the researchers.
Incorporated herein is the method of research, subject of the study, and research
instruments.
Method of Research
This research paper focuses on the implementation of R.A 7610 otherwise
known as “Special protection of Children against Child abuse, exploitation and
discrimination Act” in the selected municipalities of Cavite.
In this study, the researchers shall use a follow up descriptive studies and
documentary analysis method. Descriptive research aims to describe data and
characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied and a method
use to evaluate the success of particular programs like guidance program,
instructional program, administrative program and other. Descriptive research
answers the questions who, what, where, when and how. In the book “Methods of
Research and Thesis Writing” by Calderon (1993), follow-up studies are
employed to investigate the subsequent development of participants after
specified treatment or condition. Documentary analysis involves gathering of
information by examining records and for documents.
Subject of the study
This study focuses on the rights of the children against child abuse. The
researchers gave emphasis on the efforts of the national government and the non-
23
governmental organizations on effective implementation of the R.A. 7620 and for
a stiffer child protection and their rights.
Research Instruments
In order to meet the objectives of this research, the researchers employed
the following research instruments.
Interview – The interview is administered to obtain first-hand and real-time
information from the important figure of the concerned organization. In order to
establish a fluid interview process, the researchers constructed an interview guide
composed of questions regarding the respondent’s educational background, their
organizational objectives, and the effective implementation of R.A.7610 in the
Philippines, and the results and impacts of R.A. 7610 on the lives on the people in
selected municipalities in Cavite.
Documents – As part of the data gathering process, the researchers utilized
numerous foreign and local books, journal articles, and reliable web articles in
order to acquire pertinent information for this study.
Observation – Aside from the interview and the use of various documents, the
researchers utilized their keen observation skills in observing the current
situations in Mindanao and the possible relevance of the concepts of Rizal’s
Alternative Society in the contemporary scene.
24
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the data gathered to answer the specific question posted
in the statement of the problem.
4. What is Republic Act 7610?
"AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONGER DETERRENCE AND
SPECIAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND
DISCRIMINATION, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATION AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
Also known as: Special Protection of Children against Child
Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
It is the policy of the State to provide special protection to children
from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation and discrimination, and
other conditions prejudicial to their development; provide sanctions for their
commission and carry out a program for prevention and deterrence of and crisis
intervention in situation of child abuse, exploitation and discrimination.
Following the spirit of the 1987 Constitution, national and local legislation have
given priority to the protection of children from abuse and exploitation. The 1992
child protection law, Republic Act No. 7610 (Special Protection of Children
against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act) is a landmark legislation that
provides protection for children against abuse, commercial sexual exploitation,
trafficking, and employment in illicit activities. Republic Act No. 7658
(Amending RA 7610) reaffirmed the minimum age of employment to 15 years,
and 18 years and above for hazardous work. Republic Act 7160 (Aquilino,
Pimentel. The Local Government Code of 1991) includes provisions for the
25
proper development and welfare of children at the basic political level, the
Barangay. It enjoins local officials to promote and support activities for the
protection and total development of children, particularly those below seven years
of age, and adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse, and
juvenile delinquency. In September 1995, then President Fidel V. Ramos signed
Executive Order No. 275 creating a special oversight committee for the special
protection of children from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation,
discrimination and other conditions prejudicial to their development.
To implement existing laws on the protection of children, the Department
of Labor and Employment has also issued various administrative issuances. For
instance, it issued Department Order No. 4 (Hazardous Work and Activities of
persons below 18 years of age, Series of 1999) that reiterates the prohibitions and
exceptions to employment of children below 15 years of age and 18 years in
hazardous or deleterious work. It defines work and activities that are hazardous to
persons below 18 years and classifies them into five categories:
(1) Work that exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse.
(2) Work underground, underwater, at dangerous heights or at unguarded heights
of two meters and above, or in confined places.
(3) Work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools, or which involves
manual handling or transport of heavy load.
(4) Work in an unhealthy environment that may expose children to hazardous
processes, to temperatures, noise levels or vibrations damaging to their health, to
toxic, corrosive, poisonous, noxious, explosive, flammable and combustible
substances or composites, to harmful biological agents, or to other dangerous
chemicals including pharmaceuticals.
26
(5) Work under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or
during the night, or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises
of the employer.
Based on reports made by Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in
Persons (OMCTP), the Republic of Philippines was categorized in the 2nd Tier
Watch List. Philippines was considered as one of the origins or sources of human
trafficking for sexual exploitations and forced labour. Approximately 300,000 to
400,000 women in the Philippines are trafficked annually for sexual exploitations
and the most significant issue of all is child trafficking. Most reasons for child
trafficking or sexual exploitations are poverty, mainly due to the lack of respect
towards children rights, high unemployment rates, corruption, and sex tourism to
name some, however, there has been no one leading factor that causes these
trafficking. Case example, A.E. and A.P. were recruited from province to Manila
to work as domestic workers but was later coerced into prostitution due to
poverty. Other factors include coercion, opportunity, greed, and family
breakdown that significantly affect the exploitations. Case example, M.C. was
raised in a broken family. Her stepfather raped her when she was only 11, and her
biological mother failed to defend her. M.C. left home and was caught in the
hands of a trafficker. M.C. was trafficked to Germany and was sexually abused.
After the incident, M.C. resorted to prostitution.
The Republic of the Philippines has ratified its core international treaties
on human rights and has put sufficient efforts to comply with their obligations by
enacting laws, which prohibits such malpractices. In 1992, the Philippines enacted
the R.A. 7610 (Special Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination ACT) for protecting children against sexual exploitations, human
27
trafficking, and employment in illicit activities. In 2003, the Philippines amended
the R.A. 7610 imposing heavier penalties for those who violate the act and
providing children with access to education, physiological, and legal services.
Though such legislations have been made, the country’s government is still
struggling to implement the laws that combat trafficking and exploitations. In
particular, victims face undue delays in prosecuting the offenders. Corruption,
weak judicial system, court congestion, and shortage of prosecutors are some of
the main challenges.
28
2. From 2006 up to present (2010), which Municipality showed the highest
and the lowest record of child abuse cases filed in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor and Silang?
Figure 1.1 shows the number of sexual and physical child abuses in Silang
and Bacoor, Cavite during the years 2006 to 2010.
SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers from the Municipal
Police Station of Bacoor and the Municipal Police Station of Silang through the
Department Head of Women and Children Protection Desk, from the year 2006 to
29
2010 there has been 99 cases of child abuse in the Municipal Police Station, in
which the 41 filed cases is physical abuse of sexual abuse and 58 filed cases is
sexual abuse in the Municipality of Bacoor. While there have been 93 cases of
child abuse, in which 27 filed cases is physical abuse and 66 filed cases is sexual
abuse in the Municipality of Silang.
Criminal Case No. SC-3261-00
On the 25th day of March, 2000, at Brgy. Sabutan, Municipality of
Silang, Province of Cavite, and within the jurisdiction of the Honorable Court, the
Canares, with lewd designs by means of force, violence and intimidation and
taking advantage of his superior strength over the person of the victim who was
sixteen (16) years old, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously
attempt to have carnal knowledge of one AAA, against her will and consent, the
above-named accused, having thus commenced the commission of the crime of
Rape directly by overt acts but which nevertheless did not produce it by reason of
causes other than accused own spontaneous desistance, that is, by reason of the
timely arrival of BBB who hit the head of herein accused with a base (sic) thereby
preventing him from further consummating the crime, to the damage and
prejudice of said AAA.
May 31, 2006 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 01263
finding Rolly Canares y Almanares guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime
of statutory rape. In addition to the awards of civil indemnity and moral damages,
he is further ordered to pay P25,000 as exemplary damages to AAA.
30
2.1 Which kind of sexual abuse and physical abuse showed the highest
record of cases filed in the Municipal Police Station?
Figure 2.1 shows the highest number of cases related to physical abuse in
Bacoor, Cavite since 2006 to 2010.
Hig hes t P hys ic al Abus e c as es in
B ac oor
(2006-2010)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
S light P hysical S erious P hysical
Injuries
Injuries
F atal W ounds
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station
of Bacoor, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor from year 2006 to 2010, the highest physical abuse cases filed
is slight physical injury, next is serious physical injury and last one is fatal wound.
These three cases, according to SPO2 Camayo, is the usual cases filed in the
Municipal Police station of Bacoor.
31
Figure 2.2 shows the highest number of Sexual abuse cases in Bacoor, Cavite.
Hig hes t S exual abus e c as es in
B ac oor
(2006-2010)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Acts of
L aciviousness
S eduction
R ape in rel. to
R .A. 7610
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police
Station of Bacoor, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor from year 2006 to 2010, the highest sexual abuse cases filed
is rape in relation to Republic Act 7610, next is acts of Lasciviousness and last
oneis seduction. These three cases, according to SPO2 Camayo, is the usual
cases filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor.
32
Figure 2.3
shows the highest number of physical abuse cases in Silang,
Cavite.
Hig hes t P hys ic al Abus e c as es in
S ilang
(2006-2010)
20
15
10
5
0
S light P hysical
injury
S erious P hysical
injury
F atal W ound
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station
of Silang, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police
Station of Silang from year 2006 to 2010, the highest physical abuse cases filed is
slight physical injury, next is serious physical injury and last one is fatal wound.
These three cases, like in the Munipality of Bacoor , according to SPO2 Cabasi, is
the usual cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang.
33
Figure 2.4
shows the highest number of sexual abuse cases in Silang.
Hig hes t S exual abus e c as es in
S ilang
(2006-2010)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Acts of
L asciviousness
S eduction
R ape in rel. to
R .A 7610
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station
of Silang, Cavite.
According to the data that the researchers have gathered, the highest number
of physical abuse cases filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang was slight
physical injury. In which from 2006 to 2010, 26 cases of slight physical injury has
been filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and 17 cases of slight
physical injury in the Municipal Police Station of Silang.
While, the highest number of sexual abuse cases filed in the Municipality
of Bacoor and Silang was rape in relation to Republic Act 7610. In which
from 2006 to 2010, 29 cases of rape has been filed in the Municipal Police
station of Bacoor and 30 cases of rape in the Municipal Police Station of
Silang.
34
Figure 3.1
shows the number and kind of physical abuse cases filed in
the Municipality of Bacoor, Cavite.
P hys ic al abus e c as es in B ac oor
7%
29%
2006
24%
2007
2008
2009
2010
20%
20%
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipal Police Station of
Bacoor, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers, it shows that 2006 was
the year in which most of the physical abuse cases was committed and filed to the
Municipal Police station of Bacoor, Cavite.
Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the physical abuse
cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 29% or 12 out of 41 cases
filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from the year of 2006. While, the
color RED and Green represent the year 2007 and 2008, with the same percentage
of 20% or 8 out of 41 cases. Next, is the color Violet represent the year of 2009
with the percentage of 24% or 10 out of 41 filed cases. And lastly, the color Light
35
Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 7% or 3 out of 41
cases of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station
of Bacoor, Cavite.
Figure 3.2
shows the number and kind of sexual abuse cases filed in the
Municipality of Bacoor, Cavite.
S exual Abus e C as es in B ac oor
14%
19%
2006
2007
2008
26%
2009
25%
2010
16%
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of
Bacoor, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers, 2007 and 2009 is the
year in which most of the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed in the
Municipal Police Station of Bacoor, Cavite.
Based on the circle graph, the colour Blue represents the sexual abuse
cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 19% or 11 out of 58 cases
filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from the year of 2006. While, the
36
colour RED represent the year of 2007, with the percentage of 29% or 14 out of
58 cases filed. Next, is the colour Green represent the year of 2008 with the
percentage of 18% or 9 out of 58 filed cases. And the Violet, represent the year of
2009 with the percentage of 29% or 15 out of 58 cases filed. Lastly, the colour
Light Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 2% or 8 out
of 58 cases of sexual abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police
station of Bacoor, Cavite.
Figure 3.3 shows the number and kind of physical abuse cases filed in the
Municipality of Silang, Cavite.
P hys ic al Abus e C as es in
S ilang
4%
15%
33%
2006
2007
2008
2009
22%
2010
26%
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of
Silang, Cavite.
37
According to the data gathered by the researchers, it shows that 2006 was
the year in which most of the physical abuse cases was committed and filed to the
Municipal Police station of Silang, Cavite.
Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the physical abuse
cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 33% or 9 out of 27 cases
filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang from the year of 2006. While, the
color RED represent the year of 2007 with the percentage of 26% or 7 out of 27
cases filed. And the color Green represents the year of 2008 with the percentage
of 22% or 6 out of 27 cases filed. Next, the color violet represents the year of
2009 with the percentage of 15% or 4 out of 27 cases filed. Lastly, the color Light
Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 4% or 1 out of 27
cases of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station
of Silang, Cavite.
38
Figure 3.4 shows the number and kind of sexual abuse cases filed in the
Municipality of Silang, Cavite.
S exual Abus e C as es in S ilang
9%
35%
18%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
15%
23%
SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of
Silang, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers, 2006 is the year in
which most of the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed in the Municipal
Police Station of Silang, Cavite.
Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the sexual abuse cases
was committed and filed with the percentage of 35% or 23 out of 66 cases filed in
the Municipal Police Station of Silang from the year of 2006. While, the color
RED represent the year of 2007, with the percentage of 23% or 15 out of 66 cases
filed. Next, is the color Green represent the year of 2008 with the percentage of
15% or 10 out of 66 filed cases. And the Violet, represent the year of 2009 with
the percentage of 18% or 7 out of 66 cases filed. Lastly, the color Light Blue
39
represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 9% or 6 out of 66 cases
of sexual abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station of
Silang, Cavite.
Figure 4.1 shows the number the number of physical abuse cases in the
Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.
C omparis on of number of
P hys ic al Abus e C as es in B ac oor
and S ilang
A xis T itle
25
20
15
10
5
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
S ilang
23
15
10
12
6
B acoor
11
15
10
15
8
SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite from the year of 2006 to 2010, it shows that
from 2006 up to the present year the number of physical abuse cases committed
and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor is higher than the physical
abuse cases record in Silang, Cavite.
40
Figure 4.2 shows the number the number of sexual abuse cases in the
Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.
Number of C as es
C omparis on of number of S exual
Abus e c as es in B ac oor and S ilang
40
30
20
10
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
S IL ANG
23
15
10
12
6
B AC O O R
11
15
10
15
8
SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.
According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police
Station of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite from the year of 2006 to 2010, it shows that
from 2006 up to the present year the number of physical abuse cases committed
and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang is higher than the physical
abuse cases record in Bacoor, Cavite.
3. What kinds of strategies are set by the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang,
Cavite to have stiffer implementation of republic act 7610?
The researchers gathered the following information in the Bacoor Municipal
Police Station and Silang Municipal Police Station through the Department Head
of Women and Children Protection Desk, Police Officer 2 Baby Jane Camayo of
Bacoor and Police Officer 2 Annaliza Faulmino Cabasi of Silang.
41
According to them, WCPD and DSWD are collaborated in making strategies
for the stiffer implementation of Republic Act 7610, through conducting school
visitation, seminars to different barangay, rehabilitation programs, community
based service for street children, and delinquent youth.

School Visitation

Conducting Barangay Seminars

Rehabilitation Programs

Community based services for street children;

Delinquent Youth
This kind of strategy is the same as the program implemented by the
European Commission Seminar, parts of their program are family and community
orientation, Advocacy and social mobilization (European commission Seminar.
2007). With this the implementation conducted by the two municipalities and with
the programs of international community to prevent physical and sexual abuse to
the children.
Based on the information that was given by the local official of Silang
Cavite, they are usually responsible for the implementation of such programs and
plans. Like what the local official said that the authority has the power vested to
them to enforce laws and to secure the protection of children and youth. On the
other hand, DSWD is the agency designed to protect and rehabilitate that segment
of population particularly for the children and youth, which are covered by the
republic act 7610.
In a certain problems needs a certain solution or appropriate treatment for
a certain trauma of a child who experience child abuse. With the programs
implemented by the local government of the two municipalities, they ensure that
42
such programs are fit for a certain problems (Buzon, Hernani, Lumapas and
Moderno. 1997. Pp 56-59)
SCHOOL VISITATION:
According to PO2 Annaliza Faulmino of Silang Police station and Baby
Jane Camayo of Bacoor Police Station that school visitation are one of the
effective strategies to implement Republic Act 7610. In school visitation program,
they teach the rights of the children and how to avoid in becoming a victim of it.
According to them Bacoor and Silang Women and Children Police Desk are the
one who usually conduct such visitation with the help of Non Governmental
Organization. The said programs happen every quarter of the year. It is better to
teach their rights while they are still young so that they will become aware of their
surroundings. The targets here in school visitation are those children who attend
schools and have given a privilege to accept proper education. In O’Grady book
he elaborate that educating children is a great help to avoid becoming a victims of
child labor. Tourist education should be taught in school, like what the local
officials done with the collaboration of non-governmental organization. With the
force that they’ve done, it will help lessen the problems in the national
government about the issue in Child Abuse (O’Grady, Ron. 1992. Pp 57-89, 103128).
CONDUCTING BARANGAY SEMINARS
Is a good way to help children and women in teaching their rights
just like the school visitation. The only difference is that conducting seminar is for
those who are in the community so it is outside of the school. The seminar was
conducted at least twice a year. Those out-of-school youth and women are the one
that will benefit the seminars. In the seminar that conducted in 1979 it discussed
that forums and seminars can be a great help in the children that experience abuse,
43
because they can learn something new (Philippine Youth Welfare Council. 1979.
Pp 2-7).
REHABILITATION PROGRAMS
This is for the children that experience child abuse whether it is
mental or physical abuse. Rehabilitation programs help children to cope up, to
continue to live and prepare them to face outside world with full of confidence. In
this program the rehabilitation try to induce the pain, forget the bad experience
that happen to a child and try to change a sad memories into a happy one.
According to the psychologist bad memories may result to a so called ‘trauma’.
With this kind of experience the child may become afraid to face people due of
embarrassments; the child can become a loner and have lack of confidence. So
this is why rehabilitation program established to cure the trauma that a child
experience. It was presented by Hiew Chok it talks about a short-to- medium term
programs that will help to uplift the problems related in child abuse. It is called
systematic multi-preventive interventions that can be apply by the Local
Government Unit. In this program it will distribute wealth more equitably and
strengthen the communities and families so that they care for the safeguard of
their children, through the certain laws (Hiew, Chok. 1995. Pp15-19).
Community based Service for Street Children and Delinquent Children:
Street children and delinquent youth are the usual victims of Child
Prostitutions and Child labor. Because they don’t know what are the rights that
protect them from evil elements. They are usually the one that engaged in this
field of work because of poverty, misconception of life and there is no one that
will guide them and teach them what is right and wrong. So these programs are
created just for them, so that these children will prevent or avoid in doing such
work. And just to provide them awareness that this kind of law are existing just
44
for them. In the Philippines where at least 5 million children work in industrial
and commercial sectors, bonded labour has also been discovered in garment and
embroider industries (U.S Department of International Labour Affairs. 2003. Pp
12-13). Because of lack of education that children are the easiest to use in
committing a crimes and victims of fraud. Children are exempted from criminal
liability; however they will be subject in the intervention program as provided in
Section 20 of the same code (Revised Penal Code of The Philippines Book One.
2008. Article 12 Paragraph 2 and 3 pp. 214-228).
3.1 What are the effects resulted by the strategies implemented by the
selected municipalities?
Their strategy may be different but the effects from their implementation
of their strategy may almost be the same. The results of their strategy are based on
the interview that the researchers obtain in the two municipalities. This is based
on the answer by the person that the researcher interview.
According to PO2 Annaliza Faulmino of Silang Police station, the effect
of such strategy
Are the following:
 The number of complaints increased due to having information of their
rights.
 Decreased the records of case filed every time strategies are set or done.
 They become more curious about what are the other rights that protect
them.
The number of complaints increased in the sense that having the
information that they gathered they knew that such act is violating their rights.
45
The information that they’ve obtain may helped them realized that such rights
exist just to protect them. They will know how to defend themselves using the
rights provided by our government. Before they actually don’t know that what
they experience is actually a form of child abuse, so once they were enlightened
or obtain information they will file a case just to give justice in what they’ve just
experience.
Decreased the records of cased filed every time the strategies are set or
done. That, they will become careful in their acts. They will follow such strategy
so that they can avoid being a victim of child abuse. And of course they are aware
that such rights exist just for them.
And lastly they become more curious about what are the other rights that
protect them. Once they become aware that such right exist just to protect them, it
also triggered the curiosity of one child to know more about other rights that the
children may use or may become defend for them. Curiosity is a desire to know
more, and it is natural for the people to obtain and gathered more information just
to satisfy their curiosity.
This effect that was listed is the same as the effect in Bacoor, Cavite as
stated by PO2 Baby Jane Camayo. According to her the only difference is that the
number of complaints increases every time they implement the strategy. In the
sense that once they obtain such information they filed complaints because they
already knew that such act is a commission or violates their rights.
The two municipalities’ strategy to fight Child Abused is evidence that the
local government is eager to fight one of the rampant problems of the country
which is Child abuse. However the strategy of the two municipalities may
different in the way they implement it but still the goal are the same. The result of
46
their fight against child abuse may take years to bloom however it is better that
the government should cut the roots.
47
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter includes a summary of findings, the conclusion arrived at and
the recommendations and suggestions drawn from the conduct of the study.
The purpose of the research study was to investigate the effectiveness of
the R.A. 7610 implemented in the Municipality of Bacoor and Municipality of
Silang. Furthermore, the results in the data gathered shows how each municipality
create mean on ensuring the proper implementation of R.A. 7610 for the
protection and welfare of children in their municipalities. However, the research
study reveals that between the years 2006 to 2010 there were 192 cases filed in
violation of R.A. 7610. Based on the data gathered, in the Municipality of Bacoor
alone 99 cases were filed in violation of the said act while in the Municipality of
Silang 93 cases were filed.
Findings:
After conducting a throughout research regarding the implementation of
R.A 7610 Otherwise Known as Special Protection of Children Against Child
Abuse and Exploitation and Discrimination Act in the Municipalities of Silang
and Bacoor, Cavite the researcher s arrived at the following findings:
1. Through the data that the researcher obtains it shows that in the year 2006 is
the highest numbers of cases to be recorded in the Police Station of Silang
Cavite. It shows that out of 93 cases to be recorded in the latter 22 of it was
committed during 2006. Unlike in the Police Station of Bacoor Cavite, the
highest number of cases to be recorded was during the year of 2006. In the
data gathered by the researcher it shows that out of 99 cases that was
recorded 23 of it was committed during the said years. Wherefore the
48
researcher find that 2006 is the year was R.A 7610 is mostly violated and
the researcher find that Silang have the highest number of cases to be
recorded compare in Bacoor.
2. According to the data that the researcher gathered it shows that the
municipality of Bacoor Cavite have the highest number of cases to be
recorded from the year 2006 up to the present compare to the municipality
of Silang. Bacoor Cavite has 99 cases to be recorded unlike in Silang that
has only 93.
3. It shows that Physical Abuse is the usual Child Abuse to be committed in
Bacoor Cavite unlike in Silang that the usual cases of Child Abuse is Sexual
Abuse. The two Municipalities show contradictory tabulation of cases
violating R.A 7610. In Silang Cavite Physical abuse has only 27 recorded
cases and Sexual Abuse which is higher than the latter with a number of 66
cases. On the other hand Bacoor Cavite has 58 recorded cases under
Physical Abuse and has 41 recorded cases in Sexual Abuse.
Conclusion:
After conducting a throughout investigation of the study the researchers
arrived at the following conclusion:
1. The implementation of R.A 7610 in the municipality of Silang does not
obtain its main purpose unlike in the municipality of Bacoor which is
slightly obtain its main purpose for the reason that will mentioned in the
preceding number.
2. The researchers conclude that though the Municipality of Bacoor is
vulnerable to violations of the said act compared to the Municipality of
Silang. Reasons affecting proper implementation of R.A. 7610:
49
2.1 Larger population; having a large quantity of inhabitants in the
municipality makes it difficult to ensure the implementation of
the act.
2.2 Territory; having a more urbanized municipality there would
be more areas that are secluded in such ways that it would be
difficult to reach to the inhabitant to ensure its implementation.
2.3 Lack of general knowledge regarding R.A. 7610; during the
data gathering most of the people involved in the cases filed
only learned about the act during the time they filed their case.
2.4 Lack of action or policies to ensure the implementation by the
authorities; authorities such as the municipal police officers,
social welfare officers, and non-governmental agents much
have the sufficient interest in ensuring the implementation of
the act in order to prevent violations.
3. With the reason mentioned above the researcher also conclude that being
urbanized areas has advantages than the rural areas. In the sense that some
people who sojourn in a urbanized area tend to think openly and fight for
their rights unlike in the rural area that some people stick to norm that they
become to think rigidly and stiffly to the point that they forgot to fight for
their own stands.
Recommendation:
After the intensive study, research and data gathering; the following
recommendation has been reached:
1. To Government
The state intervention is one of the major key for the people to attain its
primary goal. Since the government are the one that create, implement and
execute laws, programs and plans that will help and protect the lives of the people
50
who sojourn in its territory. Active involvement of the state in the pursuance and
advocacy of R.A 7610 will be a great help. It is the most effective division of
government in implementing programs and plans for sustainable development.
Since Local Government are the nearest to the people. It encouraged the latter to
participate in their programs and to become actively involve in some issue
inclined in their rights. Local Government of two municipalities should have a
strict implementation to attain the goal of R.A 7610. And also the latter should
plan a strategy that will ensure that certain programs about the implementation of
the protection of the rights of the children are well implemented even in the
remote areas of Silang Cavite.
2. To Political Leaders
The leaders should promote the common good not for their own sake.
Leader should prioritize the rights of the children since the latter will be the future
generations of this nation. Leader should be the one that advocate the rights of
children and impose or create a law that will ensure the development of the latter.
Leaders should be a role model and mould the children to become a better
statesman. We recommend that Leaders in this nation should prioritize, protect
and cherish the youth and children of this nation. Leaders should start to strategize
in how they will protect children without prejudicing them. They should be the
protector not the abuser of children.
2.1 The researcher recommend to the Political Leaders to implement a law
that will control or limit the growing population of this country. However
the researcher does not promote abortion, especially for those cases of
Sexual abuse. the researcher want the government to strategize and have a
big step against the growing population of this nation.
2.2 The researcher recommend that a leader in every municipalities, cities,
provinces and Barangay should at least supervise and monitor heir own
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territory once a month. Especially those area that is far, secluded and
cannot be reach by any vehicle, which the only means of communicating
from its proper town is to walk.
2.3 The researchers also recommend that the policies regarding this law
should be monitor well, so that it will extremely imposed and
implemented. And the people will become total aware of this existing law.
2.4 The researchers also recommend the active participation of the leader in
each political subdivision, to become aware and have active participation
means solution to the unaware people of their area. And also people or
agent of the social welfare, the Non-Governmental Organization so that
people will become aware that R.A 7610 exist.
3. To the Resident of the two Municipalities
The researcher recommends the active participation of every resident who
sojourn within the territory of the two municipalities. Active participation of
the people led a country into a better one. Resident of the two municipalities
should be active; people should know their rights because this is for their own
good. Residents play a vital role in protecting children rights, after all this is
for their own children sake. They should consult or attend a meeting or
programs of the government do that they will know that such law exist just to
protect them or prohibit such act. They are also free to recommend and to
suggest as long as it is address in the right authority
Additional Recommendation
 For Women in the two Municipalities
In the Philippines women are actively participate in economic,
socio-cultural and political development of the country. In Agenda 21 the
government are encouraged to develop strategies that will eliminate
obstacles to women’s full participation in sustainable development and
public life.
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 For the Children and Youth of the Two Municipalities
Children and youth are the future generations that is destined to
inherit the world; after all the latter are the hopes and the future leader of
this world. Youth must be allowed to participate in the decision making
process for they have unique perspectives. They also possess a moral
drives that can potentially alter many societies inequities. They must also
have access to education, training and livelihood opportunities to enable
them to lead better live.
References
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the group.
Hiew, Chok C. (1993). Child prostitution in the Philippines.
Hiew, Chok C. (1995). Child Prostitution: Stopping the exploiters rehabilitating
the victims.
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Tolentino, Reyes P. (1993). Master plan of Operation Against Child Prostitution
and Other Forms of Sexual Abuse.
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Narvesen, Ove. (1988). The sexual exploitation of children in developing
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Philippine Social Science Information
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Tuazon, Ma. Teresa. (1995). The stresses and ways of coping of children of
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http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/history.html
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http://www.springerlink.com/content/n183h0585h2667m2/
http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/1360/Child-Abuse-History-OVERVIEW.html
http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/confederation_articles_of.jsp
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