TOPIC: TARBELA POWER PLANT INDUSTRIAL REPORT Table of Contents Title ……………………………………………………........1 Introduction…………………………………………….........2 Background knowledge …………………………………......3 Block diagram………………………………………………..4 Objective of the visit ………………………………………..5 How we arrange the industrial visit…………………………6 Industrial Process……………………………………………7 Applications and implementation of the process……………8 Conclusion…………………………………………………..9 References………………………………………………….10 1-Title: “TARBELA POWER PLANT” 2-Introduction: The TARBELA DAM and Power Plant are located in Tarbela, a town in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The facility primarily spans along the Indus River, and it is situated in close proximity to the town of Tarbela and the city of Haripur. The TARBELA POWER PLANTis an integral part of the TARBELA DAM project. The power plant is situated adjacent to the dam, as it harnesses the energy from the water released from the dam. It is one of the largest hydroelectric power plants globally, boasting an impressive installed capacity of approximately 4,888 megawatts (MW). Situated on the Indus River, the TARBELA POWER PLANThas been a cornerstone of Pakistan's energy generation for decades, playing a crucial role in addressing the nation's ever-growing electricity demands. This monumental power plant was conceived and constructed to harness the formidable energy potential of the Indus River and to contribute significantly to Pakistan's economic and industrial development. Since its inception, the TARBELA POWER PLANT has not only been an emblem of sustainable energy generation but has also spurred socio-economic growth and environmental stewardship in the region. The power plant is equipped with 14 generating units, each with a capacity of around 347 MW. 3-Background knowledge: The idea for the TARBELA DAM and Power Plant was conceived in the 1960s as part of the Indus Basin Water Treaty between India and Pakistan. The primary purpose was to control the flow of the Indus River for irrigation and generate electricity. Construction of the TARBELA DAM commenced in 1968 and was completed in 1976. The first two generating units became operational in 1974, and the entire power station was finished by 1985. The TARBELA POWER PLANTis renowned for its hydroelectric power generation capacity. making it one of the largest hydroelectric power plants globally. These units use the flow of water from the dam to generate electricity. The TARBELA DAM is a monumental structure, approximately 148 meters (485 feet) high and 2,743 meters (9,000 feet) long. It is one of the largest earth-filled dams in the world. The dam creates a vast reservoir along the Indus River, which can store up to 11.6 cubic kilometers of water. This reservoir provides water for irrigation and flood control. 4-Block diagram: 5-Objective of the visit: The objectives of visiting the TARBELA POWER PLANTcan vary depending on the interests and goals of the visiting group. Typically, an industrial visit to the TARBELA POWER PLANTmay have several objectives. Educational Purposes To provide students with an opportunity to gain practical knowledge about hydroelectric power generation and its significance in the energy sector. Understanding Power Generation To understand the entire process of hydroelectric power generation, from water reservoir management to electricity distribution. Environmental Awareness To learn about the environmental impact of large-scale hydroelectric projects and the measures in place to mitigate these effects, such as fish migration initiatives and water quality management. Energy Sector Knowledge To enhance knowledge about the energy sector, energy infrastructure, and the role of hydroelectric power in meeting a country's electricity needs. 6-How we arrange the industrial visit: Our classmate started by figuring out to visit Tarbela Power Plant. They got in touch with the power plant authority. Apparently, it wasn't too hard to find their contact information online or through local government channels. They wrote a professional letter or email to the power plant authority, asking for permission for our visit. They made sure to include the purpose, date, number of participants, and any special requests. Our classmate discussed the date, time, duration, and what we wanted to see with the power plant's management. They made sure to get all the details straight. 7-Industrial Process: The industrial process at the TARBELA POWER PLANTinvolves the conversion of the potential energy stored in the water reservoir (TARBELA DAM) into electricity through the use of hydroelectric power generation. Below is an overview of the industrial process of the Tarbela Power Plant: Water Reservoir (TARBELA DAM): The process begins at the TARBELA DAM, which is a large reservoir formed by damming the Indus River. The dam's primary functions are to store water for irrigation, regulate river flow, and generate electricity. Water Release: Water is released from the reservoir when there is a demand for electricity. The controlled release of water is a critical aspect of the power plant's operations. Penstock: The released water flows through a series of large, high-pressure pipes called penstocks. These pipes direct the water towards the power plant's turbines. The pressure generated by the flowing water is crucial for the efficiency of the system. Turbines: The high-pressure water from the penstocks strikes the blades of the turbines. The force of the water causes the turbines to rotate. Turbines are typically of the Francis or Kaplan type, which are well-suited for variable flow conditions. Generators: The turbines are directly connected to generators. As the turbines rotate, they turn the generators' rotors, which are equipped with coils of wire. The mechanical energy from the turbines is converted into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. This electricity is generated in the form of alternating current (AC). Transformer and Voltage Control: The generated electricity is initially at a relatively low voltage. It is sent through transformers, which step up the voltage to a level suitable for long-distance transmission. Voltage control is crucial for efficient and safe transmission of electricity. Transmission Lines: The electricity generated at the TARBELA POWER PLANTis transmitted through a network of high-voltage transmission lines. These lines connect the power plant to the national power grid, ensuring that the electricity can be distributed throughout the country. Grid Integration: The electricity from the TARBELA POWER PLANTis integrated into the national power grid, which is a complex network connecting various power generation sources, substations, and end-users. This integration ensures a stable and reliable supply of electricity to homes, businesses, and industries across Pakistan. Control and Monitoring: The entire process, from water release to electricity distribution, is monitored and controlled from a central control room. Skilled operators use advanced technology to manage the flow of water, the speed of turbines, and the overall plant operations to maintain a stable power supply. 8-Applications and implementation of the process: The application and implementation of the process at the TARBELA POWER PLANTare crucial for ensuring the efficient and effective generation of electricity from hydroelectric power. Operational Control Skilled operators and engineers continuously monitor the power plant's operations, adjusting the flow of water, turbine speed, and other parameters to ensure that electricity generation is consistent and aligned with the needs of the power grid. Generator Control Generators are controlled to ensure that the electricity produced is within specified voltage and frequency limits. This control is essential for grid stability and safety. Safety Protocols Strict safety protocols are applied and implemented to protect the workforce, visitors, and the equipment. These include regular safety drills, safety equipment, and emergency response plans. Data Analysis and Monitoring Advanced monitoring systems are used to collect data on plant performance, water levels, and electricity production. Data analysis is implemented to optimize operations and plan for maintenance and future expansions. The successful application and implementation of the Tarbela Power Plant's process involve a combination of skilled workforce, advanced technology, effective management, and a commitment to safety, sustainability, and environmental responsibility. This ensures that the plant continues to provide a reliable and environmentally friendly source of electricity for Pakistan's growing energy demand. CONCLUSION: After visited the Tarbela Power Plant, I was truly captivated by the scale and significance of this remarkable facility. I was inspired to hear about the positive influence it has on the local community. The employment opportunities provided by the plant support livelihoods in the area, contributing to economic growth and prosperity. REFERENCES: https://www.google.com https://en.wikipedia.org https://www.google.com https://www.power-technology.com https://www.studocu.com/row/document/university-of-management-andtechnology/mechanical-engineering/tarbela-dam-visit-technical-report2021/21379234 https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/tarbela-hydropower-project/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-Map-of-TarbelaDam_fig1_275653173 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Block-diagram-of-hydro-power-plant-6Block-diagram-of-hydro-power-plant-shows-that_fig1_278771735 https://byjus.com/question-answer/explain-the-working-of-a-hydroelectric-powerplant-with-schematic-diagram-5-marks-33/ THANK YOU!
