ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ
ÁÁÊ 81.2 Àíãë
ÓÄÊ 373.167.1:811.111(075)
Ä 72
Äðàãóíêèí À. Í.
Ãðàììàòè÷åñêàÿ àíãëî-ðóññêàÿ õðåñòîìàòèÿ-ñàìîó÷èòåëü. — ÑÏá.:
Óìíàÿ ïëàíåòà, 2009. — 272 ñ.
ISBN 9-785-7931-0562-0
Ãåíåðàëüíàÿ èäåÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Îá ýòîé êíèãå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Î êîììåíòàðèÿõ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Î ìîåé «ðóñèôèöèðîâàííîé òðàíñêðèïöèè» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Åù¸ ðàç îá «îñîáåííîñòè» ýòîé êíèãè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Îñîáî ðåêîìåíäóåìûé òåêñò ñ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèìè êîììåíòàðèÿìè . . . 22
Äàííàÿ êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ýôôåêòèâíûì ó÷åáíûì ïîñîáèåì, íàïèñàííûì íà áàçå ìåòîäèêè À. Äðàãóíêèíà. Îíà óíèêàëüíà è ïî ìàíåðå ïîäà÷è ó÷åáíîãî ìàòåðèàëà, è ïî êà÷åñòâó ñàìîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Êíèãè À. Äðàãóíêèíà
ïîìîãàþò âñåì æåëàþùèì áûñòðî è êà÷åñòâåííî âûó÷èòü àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê.
×ÀÑÒÜ I. Ó÷åáíûå òåêñòû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Àâòîðñêèå ïðàâà çàùèùåíû.
Èçäàíèå ïå÷àòàåòñÿ â àâòîðñêîé ðåäàêöèè
Ëþáûå âèäû êîïèðîâàíèÿ èëè âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ äàííîé êíèãè ìîãóò
îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ òîëüêî ñ ïèñüìåííîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ àâòîðà. Ïðè öèòèðîâàíèè
ññûëêè íà äàííóþ êíèãó è íà ôàìèëèþ àâòîðà ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûìè.
Òåêñò ¹1. «Ìåíÿ çîâóò » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Òåêñò ¹2. «Ñåé÷àñ ìû íàõîäèìñÿ » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Òåêñò ¹3. «×åì áîëüøå ìû ó÷èìñÿ, » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Óâàæàåìûå êíèãîèçäàòåëè è êíèãîòîðãîâöû!
Òîëüêî äàííàÿ êíèãà èçäàòåëüñòâà «Óìíàÿ ïëàíåòà» ÿâëÿåòñÿ àâòîðñêîé.
Íå âñòóïàéòå â ïðîòèâîçàêîííûå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ äðóãèìè èçäàòåëüñòâàìè,
ïðåäëàãàþùèìè ñâîé ëåâàê ïîä âèäîì êíèã À. Äðàãóíêèíà.
ÁÁÊ 81.2 Àíãë
ÓÄÊ 373.167.1:811.111(075)
ISBN 9-785-7931-0562-0
© Äðàãóíêèí À. Í., 2007
© «Óìíàÿ ïëàíåòà», 2007
Àëåêñàíäð Íèêîëàåâè÷ Äðàãóíêèí
ÃÐÀÌÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÃËÎ-ÐÓÑÑÊÀß
ÕÐÅÑÒÎÌÀÒÈß-ÑÀÌÎÓ×ÈÒÅËÜ
Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 24.04.2009. Ôîðìàò 60×88/16. Ãàðíèòóðà Times. Ïå÷àòü îôñåòíàÿ.
Áóìàãà ãàçåòíàÿ. Îáúåì 17 ïå÷. ë. Òèðàæ 5000 ýêç. Çàêàç ¹
Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Óìíàÿ ïëàíåòà»
E-mail: andrapublish@yandex.ru
ïðè ó÷àñòèè ÎÎÎ «Êîðîíà ïðèíò»
Îòïå÷àòàíî ñ ãîòîâûõ äèàïîçèòèâîâ ÎÏ «Ïóøêèíñêàÿ òèïîãðàôèÿ».
ÑÏá. ÃÓÏ «Ïåòðîöåíòð»
Ãëàâà I. «Íè÷åãî ñ àíãëèéñêèìè ñëîâàìè íå äåëàåì!» . . . . . 29
Ãëàâà II. Ðàáîòà ñ îêîí÷àíèÿìè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
¹4.
¹5.
¹6.
¹7.
«ß ïîêóïàþ » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Íàø îòåö ïîêóïàåò » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Ìîé áðàò æèâ¸ò » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Ìîé äðóã ÷èòàåò » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
41
43
44
Ãëàâà III. «Ïàøåì âîâñþ !!!». «Ìîíîëîãè î ñåáå» . . . . . . . . . 48
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
¹8.
¹9.
¹10.
¹11.
¹12.
¹13.
¹14.
¹15.
¹16.
¹17.
¹18.
¹19.
«Î ñåáå» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
«ß íå ìîãó ðàáîòàòü äîìà » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
«Ñåé÷àñ ÿ ìîãó ðàññêàçàòü Âàì » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
«ß æèâó â Ìîñêâå » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
«Îá ýòîé êíèãå» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
«ß ðåøèë íà÷àòü » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
«Ïîñëå ìîåãî òðåòüåãî óðîêà » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
«ß æèâó â ýòîì ñòàðîì ãîðîäå» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
«Ìîè ìûñëè» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
«×òî äåëàòü?» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
«Åñëè áû ÿ áûë » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
«Êàæäûé äåíü ÿ » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Òåêñò ¹20. «Âîò ìîé ÷åìîäàí » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Òåêñò ¹21. «ß íèêîãäà íå áûë â Ëîíäîíå » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Òåêñò ¹22. «Ôèëîñîôèÿ èðëàíäöà» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Ãëàâà IV. Æèòåéñêèå òåêñòû
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
¹23.
¹24.
¹25.
¹26.
¹27.
¹28.
¹29.
¹30.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
«Ìîé äåíü» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Îäèí èç ìîèõ âå÷åðîâ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Âñòðå÷àÿ äðóãà» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Ïèñüìî» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Òðåâîãè» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Èíòðèæêà» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Ìóæ÷èíû è æåíùèíû ñåãîäíÿ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Èç «The Beatles» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
132
137
143
149
158
163
173
Ãëàâà V. Î êíèãàõ è îá àíãëèéñêîì . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
¹31.
¹32.
¹33.
¹34.
¹35.
«Âàæíîñòü àíãëèéñêîãî» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Óðîê àíãëèéñêîãî» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñåãîäíÿ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Î ñëîâàðÿõ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Öåëü ýòîé êíèãè» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ãëàâà VI. «Ñåãîäíÿøíèå ïðîáëåìû»
176
183
191
196
200
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Òåêñò ¹36. «Ïîìîãàÿ äðóãó ïðåîäîëåòü òðóäíûå âðåìåíà» . . . . 204
Òåêñò ¹37. «Êàê ïðåâðàòèòü âðåìåííóþ ðàáîòó â ïîñòîÿííóþ?» 212
Òåêñò ¹38. «Êàê çàñòàâèòü Âàøó àíêåòó ðàáîòàòü íà Âàñ?» . . . 221
Ãëàâà VII. Ðàçãîâîðû î áèçíåñå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
Òåêñò
¹39.
¹40.
¹41.
¹42.
¹43.
«Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ òîðãîâëÿ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Î áàçàõ äàííûõ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Íåêîòîðûå óñëîâèÿ äîñòàâêè» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
«Äåëîâûå ïîåçäêè òðåáóþò ïîäãîòîâêè» . . . . . . . . .
«Íèêàêîãî áèçíåñà áåç þðèäè÷åñêîé ýêñïåðòèçû» . .
236
243
247
254
262
ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ !
Óíèêàëüíàÿ êíèãà, êîòîðóþ Âû äåðæèòå â ðóêàõ, ôàêòè÷åñêè ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîþ
ïîëíîöåííûé ñàìîó÷èòåëü àíãëèéñêîãî!,
ïîñêîëüêó îíà ÿâëÿåòñÿ âåëèêîëåïíûì ñî÷åòàíèåì àíãëèéñêîé
ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ãðàììàòèêè è áîãàòîãî ñëîâàðíîãî çàïàñà.
Ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ïîñëå ýòîé êíèãè Âàì îñòàíåòñÿ
ïðàêòèêà, ïðàêòèêà è åù¸ ðàç ïðàêòèêà ..!!!,
òîëüêî
ïîýòîìó èìåííî â êà÷åñòâå ñàìîó÷èòåëÿ
ÿ è ïðåäëàãàþ Âàì ýòó êíèãó èñïîëüçîâàòü ..!!!
Äàííûé àíãëî-ðóññêèé âàðèàíò «Ãðàììàòè÷åñêîé
õðåñòîìàòèè», â êîòîðóþ âîøëè âñå ó÷åáíûå òåêñòû, ðàíåå
«ðàñêèäàííûå» ïî ìîèì ïîñîáèÿì, îðèåíòèðîâàí íà òåõ, äëÿ
êîãî ãëàâíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ
óìåíèå ïîíèìàòü àíãëèéñêóþ ðå÷ü
è ÷èòàòü àíãëèéñêèå òåêñòû.
Îäíàêî ó ýòîé êíèãè åñòü è å¸ ðóññêî-àíãëèéñêèé «äâîéíèê», ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé óæå äëÿ òåõ, äëÿ êîãî ãëàâíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ
óìåíèå ãîâîðèòü ïî-àíãëèéñêè.
Âûáîð òîãî èëè èíîãî âàðèàíòà ýòîé çàìå÷àòåëüíîé êíèãè
çàâèñèò ëèøü îò Âàøåãî æåëàíèÿ
è îò ïåðâîî÷åð¸äíîñòè Âàøèõ öåëåé è çàäà÷
 ñêîðîì âðåìåíè ïëàíèðóåòñÿ âûõîä è äâóõ «áëèçíåöîâ»
(= àíãëî-ðóññêîãî è ðóññêî-àíãëèéñêîãî)
èìåííî
«Ëåêñè÷åñêîãî» âàðèàíòà õðåñòîìàòèè –
– è ãëàâíîé öåëüþ òîé êíèãè áóäåò îáîãàùåíèå Âàøåãî àíãëèéñêîãî óæå èìåííî ëåêñèêîé –
– òî åñòü ñëîâàìè.
 «Ëåêñè÷åñêóþ õðåñòîìàòèþ» òàêæå âîéäóò ó÷åáíûå òåêñòû ðàçëè÷íîé òåìàòèêè, êîòîðûå óæå ïîëíîñòüþ «çàêðîþò» äëÿ Âàñ òåìó ñëîâàðíîãî ìèíèìóìà, è êîòîðûå
åù¸ áîëüøå îáîãàòÿò è ðàçíîîáðàçÿò Âàø ñëîâàðíûé çàïàñ.
5
ÃÅÍÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÈÄÅß.
Äðóçüÿ!
Ñðàçó æå ñîîáùàþ Âàì, ÷òî öåëü äàííîé êíèãè íå çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òîáû ïîìî÷ü Âàì â ïñåâäî«èçó÷åíèè» àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà –
– íåò!
Öåëü ýòîé îòëè÷íîé õðåñòîìàòèè çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ïðåäîñòàâëåíèè Âàì âîçìîæíîñòè
«íàó÷èòüñÿ ïîíèìàòü
ëþáîé àíãëèéñêèé òåêñò»,
èëè:
«íàó÷èòüñÿ ïåðåâîäèòü
ëþáîé àíãëèéñêèé òåêñò íà ðóññêèé» !!!
Âåäü åñëè Âû, íàïðèìåð, êóïèòå ìàøèíó, òî Âàì íóæíî
áóäåò ó÷èòüñÿ åçäèòü íà íåé è ðàçáèðàòüñÿ â íåé, à íå çíàòü
íàçóáîê «õèìè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ïÿòîãî áîëòà êðåïëåíèÿ ëåâîãî
ïåðåäíåãî êîëåñà» èëè «ïîëíûé ïåðå÷åíü ñëó÷àåâ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ
áàìïåðà» – à ýòî è åñòü òî, ÷åìó Âàñ «ó÷àò» è ÷åì Âàñ ìóðûæàò 99% òðàäèöèîííûõ ìåòîäèê è 99% «ïðåïîäàâàòåëåé»
àíãëèéñêîãî, çàñòàâëÿÿ Âàñ èçó÷àòü íå àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê,
íî èõ
çàìøåëóþ âåðñèþ
àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè
ñ èõ áåçóìíîé òåðìèíîëîãèåé –
– à ñêîðåå, ñ êàêèì-òî «ïðîôæàðãîíîì»!,
ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðîãî îíè äèñòàíöèðóþòñÿ îò Âàñ –
è ñ èõ íå ìåíåå áåçóìíûìè è íåëîãè÷íûìè «ïðàâèëàìè»
Ó÷è ´òå
à
6
ñî ìíîþ
íå
àíãëèéñêèé,
áàéêè î í¸ì !!!
ÄÎÐÎÃÈÅ ×ÈÒÀÒÅËÈ !
Êíèãà, ïðåäëàãàåìàÿ Âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå òîëüêî
÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ïîëåçíîé ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ïðèâåä¸ííîãî â íåé ó÷åáíîãî ìàòåðèàëà, íî è óíèêàëüíîé
ïî ñïîñîáó ïîäà÷è ýòîãî ìàòåðèàëà.
Êàæäàÿ õðåñòîìàòèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñáîðíèêîì òåõ èëè èíûõ òåêñòîâ èëè îòðûâêîâ èç íèõ, ñïåöèàëüíî ïîäîáðàííûõ äëÿ îçíàêîìëåíèÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ ñ îïðåäåë¸ííûìè «ñðåçàìè» óïîðÿäî÷åííûõ çíàíèé («òåìàìè», ëåêñèêîé è ò.ä.), èëè æå äëÿ êîíêðåòíîãî
îáó÷åíèÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè ýòèõ òåêñòîâ.
Äàííóþ «Ãðàììàòè÷åñêóþ õðåñòîìàòèþ» ïîòîìó è ìîæíî íàçâàòü èìåííî «ó÷åáíîé», ÷òî å¸ îñíîâíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ íå òîëüêî â òîì, ÷òîáû â ðàìêàõ æèâûõ ñâÿçíûõ òåêñòîâ äàòü ó÷àùåìóñÿ áîãàòûé çàïàñ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ, íî – â
îñíîâíîì – â òîì, ÷òîáû äàòü Âàì âîçìîæíî áîëåå ïîëíîå
ïðåäñòàâëåíèå îá àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêå
(è îá å¸ íþàíñàõ)
â îáú¸ìå, íåîáõîäèìîì äëÿ ñâîáîäíîãî âëàäåíèÿ ÿçûêîì.
Çàíÿòèÿ ïî ýòîé êíèãå äàäóò Âàì ÷óäåñíóþ âîçìîæíîñòü î÷åíü
áûñòðîãî è ë¸ãêîãî âõîæäåíèÿ â àíãëèéñêèé, äëÿ ÷åãî Âàì
áóäåò äîñòàòî÷íî òîëüêî âíèìàòåëüíî ÷èòàòü ýòó êíèãó è ñòàðàòüñÿ çàïîìèíàòü êàê ìîæíî áîëüøå ãîòîâûõ àíãëèéñêèõ ôðàç
è ïðåäëîæåíèé
Êðîìå ýòîãî, íà ïðèìåðå ðàçíîîáðàçíûõ è áîãàòûõ ñëîâàìè ó÷åáíûõ òåêñòîâ Âû ñàìè óâèäèòå, ÷òî áîÿòüñÿ àíãëèéñêîãî íå íóæíî, è ÷òî äàæå äîâîëüíî «ñëîæíûå» àíãëèéñêèå
òåêñòû îêàçûâàþòñÿ íå òàêèìè-òî óæ è òðóäíûìè äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è èõ ïî-ðóññêè, åñëè ê ýòîìó ïîäõîäèòü ñ ïîìîùüþ
ìîåé ìåòîäèêè.
7
Îñíîâíûìè îòëè÷èÿìè ìîèõ õðåñòîìàòèé îò èõ ðåäêèõ àíàëîãîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ:
1) ñàì ñïîñîá ïîäà÷è ó÷åáíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïðè ïîìîùè
äåéñòâèòåëüíî ïàðàëëåëüíûõ äâóÿçû÷íûõ òåêñòîâ, ÷òî äåëàåò
âîçìîæíûì (ïóò¸ì ïðîñòîé çàìåíû ñëîâ!) èçëîæåíèå ïðàêòè÷åñêè ëþáîé Âàøåé «ðóññêîÿçû÷íîé» ìûñëè ïî-àíãëèéñêè;
2) ñïåöèàëüíàÿ îáðàáîòêà ýòèõ òåêñòîâ òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òîáû êàæäàÿ ñòðî÷êà àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà (â 99% ñëó÷àåâ)
ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâîâàëà ñòðî÷êå ðóññêîé, à ýòî – â ñâîþ
î÷åðåäü – ñîçäà¸ò âñå ïðåäïîñûëêè äëÿ íàèëåã÷àéøåãî çàó÷èâàíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ, ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ êàòåãîðèé, öåëûõ ãîòîâûõ
ïðåäëîæåíèé è èõ ôðàãìåíòîâ (ìèêðîôðàç) ñ öåëüþ äàëüíåéøåãî èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â Âàøåé æèâîé àíãëîðå÷è.
Ñ ýòîé æå öåëüþ ðóññêàÿ ÷àñòü òåêñòîâ äîïîëíèòåëüíî îáðàáîòàíà òàêèì ñïîñîáîì, ÷òîáû (ïóò¸ì «ïîäñêàçîê» [â ñêîáêàõ] èëè «âîçìåùåíèé» òîãî, ÷åãî íåò â àíãëèéñêîì òåêñòå,
îáîçíà÷åííûõ «ãàëî÷êàìè») îáëåã÷èòü ó÷àùåìóñÿ áîëåå ïðàâèëüíûé ïåðåâîä àíãëèéñêèõ òåêñòîâ íà ðóññêèé, à òàêæå áîëåå
ïðàâèëüíîå ïîíèìàíèå àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêîâîãî ìåíòàëèòåòà
è – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – ñòðóêòóðû àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ;
3) ãðàììàòè÷åñêîå «íàïîëíåíèå» òåêñòîâ òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òî
îíè âêëþ÷àþò â ñåáÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå êàòåãîðèè è
ÿâëåíèÿ, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ðåàëüíîãî îâëàäåíèÿ æèâûì ÿçûêîì;
4) íàëè÷èå (ïî âñåìó òåêñòó êíèãè) äàííîé êóðñèâîì
ïîäñòðî÷íîé ðóñèôèöèðîâàííîé òðàíñêðèïöèè, ìàêñèìàëüíî ïðèáëèæ¸ííîé ê ðåàëüíîé (à íå ê èäåàëèçèðîâàííîé) è ïðàâèëüíîé ïîâñåäíåâíîé àíãëèéñêîé ðå÷è;
5) ïîñòîÿííîå âûäåëåíèå (ðàçëè÷íûìè ñïîñîáàìè) ïî âñåìó òåêñòó êíèãè âñåõ òåõ íþàíñîâ («ïðèçíàêîâ» ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ êàòåãîðèé = îêîí÷àíèé, êîíñòðóêöèé è ò.ï.), êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ âàæíûìè äëÿ ñêîðåéøåãî óñâîåíèÿ ïðàâèëüíîãî è
áîãàòîãî àíãëèéñêîãî.
8
Ìåòîä îáó÷åíèÿ ïðè ïîìîùè ïàðàëëåëüíûõ òåêñòîâ ðåäîê,
íî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ýôôåêòèâåí – îñîáåííî, åñëè ó÷àùèéñÿ îáëàäàåò æåëàíèåì, òåðïåíèåì è àíàëèòè÷åñêèìè ñïîñîáíîñòÿìè.
Íàïðèìåð, ïîëüçóÿñü èìåííî ïàðàëëåëüíûìè âåðñèÿìè
«Ïîõîæäåíèé Òåëåìàõà» íà íåìåöêîì è íà äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîì
ÿçûêàõ, âûäàþùèéñÿ àðõåîëîã Ãåíðèõ Øëèìàí (êîòîðûé íàø¸ë Òðîþ) ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî âûó÷èë äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé.
 íàøåì æå ñëó÷àå ýòîò ìåòîä ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñîáî ýôôåêòèâíûì, òàê êàê àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê îáëàäàåò î÷åíü êîíêðåòíûì êîëè÷åñòâîì íåäåëèìûõ «ýëåìåíòîâ» = ñëîâ, ïðîñòîå âûçóáðèâàíèå êîòîðûõ ìîæåò ðåøèòü ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå «ïðîáëåìû»,
ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïðàêòè÷åñêèì îâëàäåíèåì ÿçûêîì.
È èìåííî ìîé âèä ïîäà÷è ó÷åáíûõ òåêñòî⠖
– ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíàÿ
«ñèíõðîííàÿ ïàðàëëåëüíîñòü»
ñ ñèíõðîííîé æå ïîäñòðî÷íîé òðàíñêðèïöèåé –
– óíèêàëåí è íå èìååò ïðåäûäóùèõ àíàëîãîâ.
Áîëåå ïîäðîáíîå èçëîæåíèå íå òîëüêî ìîåé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ, íî è
ñàìî´é íîâîé ìåòîäèêè èçó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî èìååòñÿ â ìîèõ êíèãàõ
«Ìàëûé ïðûæîê â àíãëèéñêèé»,
«Ïî÷èíè ñâîé àíãëèéñêèé!»,
«Îïòèìèçèðîâàííûé ó÷åáíèê àíãëèéñêîãî»,
«Íîâûé êëàññíûé ñàìîó÷èòåëü»,
«Íîâûé áûñòðûé àíãëèéñêèé»,
«53 çîëîòûå àíãëèéñêèå ôîðìóëû»
è äð.,
êîòîðûå ÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ Âàì
â êà÷åñòâå ýôôåêòèâíåéøèõ åæåäíåâíûõ ó÷åáíûõ ïîñîáèé
9
Äàííàÿ êíèãà ñîñòîèò èç 43 (+ 1) ïàðàëëåëüíûõ òåêñòîâ,
ðàçäåë¸ííûõ íà 7 ãëàâ è ðàñïîëîæåííûõ ïî ìåðå íàðàñòàíèÿ èõ (ãðàììàòè÷åñêîé) ñëîæíîñòè, ðàñøèðåíèÿ çàïàñà ëåêñèêè, å¸ îáîãàùåíèÿ è ñïåöèàëèçàöèè:
Òåêñò áåç íîìåðà (ñòð. 21): â ýòîì «äåìîíñòðàöèîííîì» òåêñòå èìååòñÿ 70–80% âñåé àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè, ïîýòîìó äàæå
ïðîñòîå âûçóáðèâàíèå îäíîãî ýòîãî òåêñòà ñðàçó æå ðåøèò ìàññó Âàøèõ àíãëîïðîáëåì;
Ãëàâà I: 3 ó÷åáíûõ òåêñòà, ïîëíîñòüþ ñîñòàâëåííûõ èç íåèçìåí¸ííûõ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ. Ôóíêöèÿ ýòèõ òåêñòîâ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ
â òîì, ÷òîáû íà äåëå ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàòü Âàì îãðîìíóþ âàæíîñòü ÷àñòîé íåèçìåíÿåìîñòè àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ, âûÿâëåííîé è óñïåøíî èñïîëüçóåìîé ìíîþ (èç ýòîé «íåèçìåíÿåìîñòè»
âûòåêàåò è ìàññà âîçìîæíîñòåé çíà÷èòåëüíîãî óñêîðåíèÿ îáó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîìó);
Ãëàâà II: 4 ó÷åáíûõ òåêñòà äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ àíãëèéñêèìè
îêîí÷àíèÿìè;
ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ !!!
Òåêñòû ¹¹27, 28, 29, à òàêæå âñå òåêñòû ãëà⠓VI” è
“VII” ÿ î÷åíü ðåêîìåíäóþ ïðîõîäèòü ñ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì, òàê
êàê óêàçàííûå òåêñòû ÿâëÿþòñÿ íàñòîÿùèìè àíãëîàìåðèêàíñêèìè òåêñòàìè, è íåêîòîðûå ìåñòà â íèõ (èç-çà îñîáåííîñòåé àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè è ëåêñèêè) íå íà 100% «ñîâïàäàþò» ñ ðóññêèìè. ß íå ñòàë «ïîäãîíÿòü» àíãëèéñêèå ÷àñòè
ýòèõ òåêñòîâ ïîä ðóññêèå ÿçûêîâûå ðåàëèè, ïîñêîëüêó õî÷ó,
÷òîáû Âû ó÷èëè èìåííî îòëè÷íûé, áîãàòûé è íàñòîÿùèé
àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê !!!
Ìîÿ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿ â äàííîì ñëó÷àå îäíîçíà÷íà:
«Çàó÷èâàéòå öåëûå êóñêè òåêñòîâ íàèçóñòü !!!»,
Ãëàâà III: 15 ó÷åáíûõ òåêñòîâ â ôîðìå ìîíîëîãîâ íà ñâîáîäíûå òåìû (îò ïåðâîãî ëèöà), ñîäåðæàùèå áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ëåêñèêè è ýëåìåíòîâ àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè;
òåì áîëåå, ÷òî ýòà êíèãà ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà íå äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ,
Ãëàâà IV: 8 «Æèòåéñêèõ òåêñòîâ» äëÿ íàêà÷êè ïîâñåäíåâíîé ëåêñèêîé íà òåìû, ê êîòîðûì ó÷àùèåñÿ ïðèâûêëè åù¸ â
øêîëå, è êîòîðûå íóæíû â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå (íåçàâèñèìî îò ìåòîäèêè ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ÿçûêà);
È, ïîâòîðÿþ, ïîñêîëüêó èìåííî èç-çà îïðåäåë¸ííûõ (íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ!) «îñîáåííîñòåé» àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà íåêîòîðûå
ìåñòà â òåêñòàõ – åñëè èõ Âàì íå îáúÿñíèòü! – ìîãóò ïðåäñòàâëÿòü äëÿ Âàñ äîïîëíèòåëüíóþ òðóäíîñòü ïðè èõ èçó÷åíèè, òî
èìåííî â ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿõ Âàì è ïðèãîäÿòñÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûå
îáúÿñíåíèÿ
ñâåäóùåãî è äîáðîæåëàòåëüíîãî ÷åëîâåêà!
Ãëàâà V: 5 òåêñòîâ «Î êíèãàõ è îá àíãëèéñêîì»;
Ãëàâà VI: «Ñåãîäíÿøíèå ïðîáëåìû» – 3 òåêñòà, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé íåàäàïòèðîâàííûå âûäåðæêè èç àíãëèéñêîé è
àìåðèêàíñêîé ïóáëèöèñòèêè;
Ãëàâà VII: «Ðàçãîâîðû î áèçíåñå» – 5 òàêæå íåàäàïòèðîâàííûõ òåêñòîâ äëÿ åù¸ áîëüøåãî îáîãàùåíèÿ è óæå ñïåöèàëèçàöèè Âàøåé ëåêñèêè, à òàêæå äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî óâåëè÷åíèÿ
îáú¸ìà Âàøèõ çíàíèé î ïðàêòè÷åñêîé àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêå.
10
à äëÿ âíèìàòåëüíîé ðàáîòû !!!
Êðîìå ýòîãî, äàæå â ñëó÷àÿõ ïîëíîãî ñìûñëîâîãî ñîâïàäåíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ è ðóññêèõ ñòðî÷åê ÿ âñ¸ æå ïðîøó Âàñ îáðàùàòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà «ðàçíèöû», âîçìîæíî èìåþùèåñÿ â
íèõ (ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ è ò.ï.).
11
Î ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈßÕ.
äåëàòü ýòî êàê ìîæíî ÷àùå äî ïîëíîãî óñâîåíèÿ öåëûõ êóñêîâ
àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà, â êîòîðûõ ïîçäíåå Âàì áóäåò äîñòàòî÷íî
Ìíîãèå òåêñòû ñîïðîâîæäàþòñÿ ïîäðîáíûìè
ãðàììàòè÷åñêèìè êîììåíòàðèÿìè –
â òîì ÷èñëå è ê ðàçëè÷íûì ñëó÷àÿì óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ôîðì è ýëåìåíòîâ,
èìåþùèìñÿ â ýòîì òåêñòå è âûäåëåííûì ìíîþ.
NB !
îäíè àíãëèéñêèå
çàìåíÿòü→
ñëîâà íà→ äðóãèå !!!
Ïîýòîìó, ïîâòîðÿþ, ìîÿ «ðåêîìåíäàöèÿ ¹1»
çâó÷èò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:
«Çóáðè´òå öåëûå êóñêè òåêñòîâ
Âñå ýòè ôîðìû è ýëåìåíòû
òàêæå îáÿçàòåëüíû äëÿ çàó÷èâàíèÿ !
 îñòàëüíûõ òåêñòàõ äîñòàòî÷íûìè ÿâèëèñü:
à) âûäåëåíèå ðàçëè÷íûìè øðèôòàìè âñåãî òîãî, íà ÷òî
íåîáõîäèìî îáðàòèòü/îáðàùàòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå (è, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, çàó÷è(âà)òü íàèçóñòü);
á) ïîïûòêè ñîáëþäåíèÿ
ïîëíîãî ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ çíà÷åíèÿ
àíãëèéñêèõ ñòðî÷åê – ðóññêèì.
Îáåèìè ñòîðîíàìè òåêñòà – è àíãëèéñêîé, è ðóññêîé – ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî óäîáíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ äëÿ ñàìîêîíòðîëÿ ïðè ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîì ïåðåâîäå ÷àñòåé òåêñòà èëè öåëûõ òåêñòîâ ñ àíãëèéñêîãî íà ðóññêèé è íàîáîðîò.
Ñíà÷àëà ïðî÷òèòå òîò èëè èíîé òåêñò
öåëèêîì,
îáðàùàÿ îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà òåì èëè èíûì ñïîñîáîì âûäåëåííûå ìåñòà è íà êîììåíòàðèè, à çàòåì çàêðîéòå ñòðî÷êó èëè îïðåäåë¸ííóþ ÷àñòü ýòîãî òåêñòà, ïåðåâåäèòå å¸ ïèñüìåííî èëè
óñòíî íà « ñêèé» – è òóò æå ñåáÿ ïðîâåðüòå!, äåëàÿ îñîáûé
àêöåíò íà àíàëèçå ñäåëàííûõ (?) Âàìè îøèáîê. Ñòàðàéòåñü
12
ïðîñòî
íàèçóñòü !!!»
–
– è ðåçóëüòàò áóäåò ïðîñòî âîëøåáíûé !!!
(Êñòàòè, â Àìåðèêå ìíîãèå èìåííî òàê è äåëàþò –
ìíå ïèñà´ëè, ÷òî â Íüþ-Éîðêå âèäåëè ëþäåé, øåäøèõ ïî óëèöå,
è ÷èòàâøèõ ìîþ «Õðåñòîìàòèþ» ïðÿìî íà õîäó !!!).
 òåõ íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà Âû âèäèòå, ÷òî ïîëíîãî, áóêâàëüíîãî ñîâïàäåíèÿ àíãëèéñêîé è ðóññêîé ñòðî÷åê íåò
(èç-çà îñîáåííîñòåé àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè èëè èç-çà íþàíñîâ ïîñòðîåíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ ïðåäëîæåíèé), ñòàðàéòåñü, ïîâòîðÿþ,
çàó÷èâàòü íàèçóñòü òå êóñêè àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà,
â êîòîðûå ýòè «íåñîâïàäåíèÿ» âõîäÿò!
ÏÎÂÒÎÐ:
Àíãëèéñêàÿ ÷àñòü òåêñòîâ äîïîëíèòåëüíî îáðàáîòàíà òàêèì
ñïîñîáîì, ÷òîáû (ïóò¸ì «ïîäñêàçîê») îáëåã÷èòü ó÷àùåìóñÿ
áîëåå ïðàâèëüíûé ïåðåâîä òåñòîâ íà ðóññêèé!
Îáðàùàéòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà êîììåíòàðèè, ñëåäóþùèå çà òåêñòàìè. Îíè ïîìîãóò Âàì ïîíÿòü è óñâîèòü ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ðåàëèè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà è ìàññó åãî íþàíñîâ.
13
 êîììåíòàðèÿõ ê òåêñòàì ìîãóò âñòðå÷àòüñÿ ïîâòîðû –
ïóñòü îíè Âàñ íå ðàçäðàæàþò è íå óäèâëÿþò – êàæäîå îáúÿñíåíèå
«ïðèâÿçàíî» ê êîíêðåòíîé ñèòóàöèè èìåííî â äàííîì òåêñòå, à
êðîìå ýòîãî, ïîâòîðíûå îáúÿñíåíèÿ ââîäÿòñÿ ìíîþ åù¸ è ñïåöèàëüíî äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ÷åðåç ìíîãîêðàòíûå íàïîìèíàíèÿ Âàì óâåëè÷èòü âåðîÿòíîñòü àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî (?) çàïîìèíàíèÿ Âàìè òîé
èëè èíîé íà ñàìîì äåëå âàæíîé èíôîðìàöèè.
Òàêæå îïðåäåë¸ííûì «èñòî÷íèêîì ðàçäðàæåíèÿ» ìîæåò
ÿâëÿòüñÿ è ïîñòîÿííîå, ïîâòîðÿþùååñÿ «íàâÿç÷èâîå» âûäåëåíèå ìíîþ â òåêñòàõ îïðåäåë¸ííûõ ñëîâ è/ëè âûðàæåíèé –
– íî âåäü ÿ íàïèñàë ýòó êíèãó äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû Âàì ïîìî÷ü!,
à íå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû Âàì óãîäèòü ..!
Ïîýòîìó: íóæåí Âàì àíãëèéñêèé – âîò è ó÷è´òå åãî ..!!!
ÄÎÐÎÃÈÅ ÄÐÓÇÜß !
Äîïîëíèòåëüíî è îñîáî
ðåêîìåíäóþ Âàì
ñâîè ïðåêðàñíûå «ÀÓÄÈÎ-» è «ÂÈÄÅÎÊÓÐÑÛ»,
à òàêæå âîëøåáíóþ êíèãó «5
ñåíñàöèé»,
êîòîðàÿ óêàæåò Âàì ïðÿìîé ïóòü ê îáëåã÷åíèþ
çàó÷èâàíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ !!!
Âñ¸ ýòî Âû ìîæåòå ïðèîáðåñòè â ìî¸ì èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíå
www.dragunkin-shop.ru
ëèáî ïîçâîíèâ ïî òåëåôîíàì:
â Ïèòåðå: +7 911-263-64-68
â Ìîñêâå: +7-913-800-87-19
â Òîìñêå: +7-903-779-52-45
14
}
Çäåñü æå
Âû ìîæåòå çàïèñàòüñÿ
è íà ìîè ÊÓÐÑÛ !!!
Î ÌÎÅÉ
«ÐÓÑÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ÒÐÀÍÑÊÐÈÏÖÈÈ».
 ýòîé êíèãå (êàê è â îñòàëüíûõ ìîèõ ðàáîòàõ) ÿ ïîëüçóþñü ìîåé òàê íàçûâàåìîé «ðóñèôèöèðîâàííîé òðàíñêðèïöèåé»,
òî åñòü çâó÷àíèå àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ
ÿ ïåðåäàþ ðóññêèìè áóêâàìè.
ß áûë ïåðâûì, êòî ñäåëàë ýòî â Ðîññèè â íàøå âðåìÿ ...
Ýòî ïðîèçîøëî åù¸ â 1998 ãîäó, êîãäà â ïðåêðàñíîì êàëèíèãðàäñêîì èçäàòåëüñòâå «ßíòàðíûé ñêàç» ÿ âûïóñòèë ñâîþ ñàìóþ ïåðâóþ êíèãó «ÑóïåðÐóêîâîäñòâî äëÿ óìíûõ ëåíòÿåâ».
Òîãäà ýòà ìîÿ òðàíñêðèïöèÿ
âûçâàëà ïðîñòî øêâàë íàðåêàíèé è íåäîâîëüñòâà – è ÷òî æå?!
Òåïåðü – ñ ìîåé ë¸ãêîé ðóêè – ðóñèôèöèðîâàííîé òðàíñêðèïöèåé ïîëüçóþòñÿ âñ¸ áîëüøå è áîëüøå ðàçëè÷íûõ àâòîðîâ
è ñîñòàâèòåëåé ñëîâàðåé – è âñ¸ â ïîðÿäêå !
Îäíàêî ñ òåõ ïîð êîíòèíãåíò ìîèõ ÷èòàòåëåé çíà÷èòåëüíî ðàñøèðèëñÿ, è – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – â ñâÿçè ñ áîëåå âûñîêèì
îáùèì óðîâíåì èõ àíãëîçíàíèé, â ýòîé è â ïîñëåäóþùèõ ñâîèõ
(= ìîèõ) ðàáîòàõ äëÿ áîëåå òî÷íîé ïåðåäà÷è àíãëîçâóêîâ ÿ ïîëüçóþñü óæå ñëåäóþùèì âàðèàíòîì ñâîåé òðàíñêðèïöèè – êîìáèíèðîâàííûì – òî åñòü îñîáûìè (îáùåïðèíÿòûìè) çíà(÷)êàìè
ìåæäóíàðîäíîé òðàíñêðèïöèè ÿ ïåðåäàþ òå àíãëîçâóêè, êîòîðûì íåò àíàëîãîâ â ðóññêîì ïðîèçíîøåíèè, è êîòîðûå
ìîãóò èãðàòü
ñìûñëîðàçëè÷èòåëüíóþ ðîëü.
Ýòèõ «îñîáûõ çíàêîâ» 4, ïëþñ «îáû÷íîå» àíãëèéñêîå “w” –
– è âîò ïðèìåðíûå «ïðàâèëà» èõ ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ:
15
æ – ãëàñíûé çâóê (çàãëàâíàÿ ïèøåòñÿ êàê “Æ”).
Äëÿ åãî ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ ïðèãîòîâüòå ðîòèê
ê ïðîèçíîøåíèþ “i”, íî ñêàæèòå “à”;
Î×ÅÍÜ ÂÀÆÍÎ !!!
œ – ãëàñíûé çâóê. Èíîãäà ïîõîæ íà íàøå «¸»,
íî òàêîâûì íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ
Äëÿ åãî ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ ïðèãîòîâüòå ðîòèê
ê ïðîèçíîøåíèþ “i”, íî ñêàæèòå “î”.
 îáÿçàòåëüíåéøåì ïîðÿäêå Âû äîëæíû ñîáëþäàòü
θ – «ãëóõàÿ» ñîãëàñíàÿ.
Äëÿ å¸ ïðàâèëüíîãî ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ âûñóíüòå ÿçûê
ïîäàëüøå ìåæäó çóáàìè è âûïóñêàéòå âîçäóõ
(íî òîëüêî çäåñü!!!)
ÁÅÇ ÃÎËÎÑÀ!!!
Çâóê èíîãäà ïîõîæ íà íàøå «ñ»,
à èíîãäà íà íàøå «ô»;
ð – «çâîíêèé» çâóê (çàãëàâíàÿ ïèøåòñÿ êàê “Ð”).
È çäåñü íóæíî âûñóíóòü ÿçûê ìåæäó çóáàìè
è òîæå âûïóñêàòü âîçäóõ (è òîæå òîëüêî çäåñü!),
íî óæå Ñ ÃÎËÎÑÎÌ !!!
Çâóê ìîæåò áûòü ïîõîæ (íî íå áîëåå!!!) íà íàøå «ç»,
íî òàêîâûì ÍÅ ÿâëÿåòñÿ !!!;
w – ýòî êàê «ì», ïðîèçíåñåííîå ñ ÍÅÑÎÌÊÍÓÒÛÌÈ,
ñ ÍÅÑÆÀÒÛÌÈ,
ñ ÍÅÂÛÏß×ÅÍÍÛÌÈ
ãóáàìè!!!
Èíîãäà ýòîò çâóê ïîõîæ íà íàøå «ó», à èíîãäà íà íàøå «â».
Óäàðåíèå
â òðàíñêðèïöèè ÿ ïîêàçûâàþ,
«äåëàÿ» óäàðíóþ ãëàñíóþ æèðíîé,
ÍÅ âûäåëÿÿ å¸ êóðñèâîì,
è ïîä÷¸ðêèâàÿ å¸,
íàïðèìåð:
city – ñèòè = ãîðîä.
16
äîîîëãîòóóó ãëàñíûõ,
òàê êàê îò äîëãîòûûû ãëàñíîé
ìîæåò çàâèñåòü äàæå ñìûûûñë ñëîâà!
Ïðè÷¸ì, ó÷òèòå, ÷òî
àíãëîÿçû÷íûå
ñëûøàò
ðàçíèöó
ìåæäó äîîîëãîé è êðàòêîé ãëàñíûìè !!!
Ñëîâî ñ êðàòêîé
ãëàñíîé:
Ñëîâî ñ òàêîé æå,
íî äîîîëãîé ãëàñíîé:
full
shit
– ôóë = íàïîëíåííûé, è: fool – ôóóë = äóðàê,
– øüèò = äåðüìî,
è: sheet – øüèèò = ëèñò
(áóìàãè),
bitch – áèò÷ = ñóêà,
è: beach – áèèò÷ = ïëÿæ,
cunt – êàíò = òî, ÷òî åñòü
è: can’t – êààíò = íå ìîãó,
òîëüêî ó æåíùèí,
íå ìîæåò
è ò. ä.
Íî äîîëãèå ãëàñíûå – ýòî ÍÅ «à+à» è ÍÅ «î+î» –
– òî åñòü ýòî ÍÅ äâà «à» è ÍÅ äâà «î»,
ïðîèçíåñ¸ííûå îäíî çà äðóãèì è îòäåëüíî – íåò!!!
Ýòî – ÎÄÈÍ ÇÂÓÊ, ïðîñòî ýòîò çâóê ïðîîòÿÿíóóò ...
È è´ìåííî íà íåãî´ ïî÷òè´ âñåãäà´ ïà´äàåò óäàðå´íèå !!!
Òî æå ñàìîå – òî åñòü äîîëãîòóó çâóóêàà –
– ïîêàçûâàþò áóêâà «-ó» â «þó», à áóêâà «-î» â «¸î».
17
NB 1!
×ÀÑÒÜ I.
ÎÑÎÁÎÅ âíèìàíèå
îáðàòèòå íà òî, ÷òî
óæå ñ ñàìîãî ïåðâîãî òåêñòà
â ñâîåé òðàíñêðèïöèè
ÿ çà÷àñòóþ äàþ ñëèòíîå ïðîèçíîøåíèå
«àðòèêëåé» ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè (èëè ñ èõ îïðåäåëåíèÿìè),
à ÷àñòèöû “to” – c ãëàãîëàìè.
Òî åñòü òàê, êàê ýòî è åñòü â ðåàëüíîé æèçíè !;
NB 2!
Òàêæå îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà òî,
÷òî ÿ äàþ íå òîëüêî «ñèëîâûå»,
íî è èíòîíàöèîííûå óäàðåíèÿ!;
NB 3!
Ïîñêîëüêó «Õðåñòîìàòèÿ» ÿâëÿåòñÿ èìåííî
«ãðàììàòè÷åñêîé», òî â íåé ïî âñåìó òåêñòó
ðàçëè÷íûìè ñïîñîáàìè (êóðñèâ, æèðíîñòü è ïð.)
ìíîþ âûäåëåíû èìåííî ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ÿâëåíèÿ;
NB 4!
Ñîîáùàþ, ÷òî äàííàÿ õðåñòîìàòèÿ óæå îçâó÷åíà ìíîþ
è âûïóùåíà â âèäå êîìïëåêòà íà MP3 + ýòîé êíèãè.
Ñïðàøèâàéòå êîìïëåêò â ìàãàçèíàõ,
çàõîäèòå â ìîé èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèí ïî àäðåñó
www.dragunkin-shop.ru
ëèáî
çâîíèòå ïî òåëåôîíàì ñî ñòð. 14.
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Ó×ÅÁÍÛÅ ÒÅÊÑÒÛ.
Åù¸ ðàç îáðàùàþ Âàøå âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî âñå òåêñòû, ïðèâåä¸ííûå íèæå, ïîäãîòîâëåíû îñîáûì îáðàçîì.
 99% ñëó÷àåâ èìååòñÿ ïîëíîå ñîâïàäåíèå ìåæäó àíãëèéñêîé
è ðóññêîé ñòðî÷êàìè êàê â ÷àñòè ëåêñèêè (ò. å. ñëîâ), òàê è â
÷àñòè ãðàììàòèêè.  òåõ æå ðåäêèõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà èç-çà ÿâíûõ
îñîáåííîñòåé ïîñòðîåíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ýòîãî âñ¸
æå äîñòè÷ü íå óäàëîñü, îäèíàêîâûå èëè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå
ñëîâà, ýëåìåíòû èëè ÷àñòè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ âûäåëåíû îäèíàêîâî – íàïðèìåð, ïîëóæèðíûì êóðñèâîì (= íàêëîííûì øðèôòîì) èëè ïîä÷¸ðêèâàíèåì.
Êðîìå ýòîãî, â îáîèõ âàðèàíòàõ òåêñòà – è â àíãëèéñêîì, è â
ðóññêîì (= ò. å. è â ëåâîé, è â ïðàâîé ñòîðîíàõ) – ðàçíûìè
øðèôòàìè (ïîëóæèðíûì, êóðñèâîì, çàãëàâíûìè áóêâàìè) è èõ
ñî÷åòàíèÿìè (èëè ïîä÷¸ðêèâàíèåì) âûäåëåíû âñå ýëåìåíòû è
îñîáåííîñòè îáîèõ ÿçûêîâ, íà êîòîðûå â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå íóæíî
îáðàòèòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå, è ïîìîùü â èçó÷åíèè êîòîðûõ, ñîáñòâåííî ãîâîðÿ, è ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíîé èç öåëåé äàííîé êíèãè.
Íàïðèìåð, â î÷åíü ìíîãèõ ðóññêèõ âàðèàíòàõ òåêñòîâ Çàãëàâíûìè áóêâàìè ìíîþ (è äîâîëüíî-òàêè íàâÿç÷èâî!) âûäåëåíû ïàäåæíûå è ãëàãîëüíûå îêîí÷àíèÿ. Ñäåëàíî ýòî äëÿ òîãî,
÷òîáû åù¸ è åù¸ ðàç ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàòü Âàì îòñóòñòâèå ýòèõ
îêîí÷àíèé â àíãëèéñêîì è – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – íåèçìåíÿåìîñòü àíãëèéñêèõ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ è ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ ïî
ïàäåæàì,
à àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëî⠖ ïî ðîäà´ì.
Îñíîâíûì îòëè÷èåì ìîåé ðóñèôèöèðîâàííîé òðàíñêðèïöèè (òî åñòü ïåðåäà÷è àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà ñèìâîëàìè ïèñüìåííîñòè ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà) ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå òîëüêî å¸ ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïðèáëèæ¸ííîñòü ê æèâîìó çâó÷àíèþ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ, íî è
äîïîëíèòåëüíîå íåòðàäèöèîííîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ðóññêèõ áóêâ
19
äëÿ áîëåå òî÷íîé ïåðåäà÷è ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ
íåêîòîðûõ àíãëèéñêèõ çâóêîâ.
Îñîáåííî ýòî îòíîñèòñÿ ê ìÿãêîìó çíàêó, êîòîðûé ó ìåíÿ
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ÍÅ äëÿ ðàçäåëåíèÿ çâóêî⠖ êàê îí èíîãäà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ðóññêîì (íàïðèìåð, â ñëîâå «ïÜÿíèöà» ñîãëàñíàÿ «ï»
âåäü íå ìÿãêàÿ æå! – è ìÿãêèé çíàê çäåñü èñïîëüçóåòñÿ
ÿâíî «íå ïî íàçíà÷åíèþ»!)!
ß æå èñïîëüçóþ ìÿãêèé çíàê
èìåííî äëÿ íàâÿç÷èâîãî ïîä÷¸ðêèâàíèÿ ÌßÃÊÎÑÒÈ
íåêîòîðûõ àíãëèéñêèõ çâóêîâ òèïà “sh” èëè “g”.
3 ÄÎÏÏÎÂÒÎÐÀ:
1)  «Êîììåíòàðèÿõ» ê òåêñòàì åñòü ìíîãî ïîâòîðî⠖ îíè
ââåäåíû ìíîþ ñïåöèàëüíî äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ïî õîäó äåëà ïîìîãàòü Âàì àâòîìàòè÷åñêè çàïîìèíàòü òî, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ î÷åíü
âàæíûì äëÿ Âàøåé àíãëîãðàìîòíîñòè !!!;
2) Êðîìå ýòîãî, äàæå â ñëó÷àÿõ ïîëíîãî ñìûñëîâîãî ñîâïàäåíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ è ðóññêèõ ñòðî÷åê ÿ âñ¸ æå ïðîøó Âàñ îáðàùàòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà «ðàçíèöû», âîçìîæíî èìåþùèåñÿ â
íèõ (ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ è ò.ï.);
3)
È â òðåòèé ðàç ïîâòîðÿþ:
â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå ìîÿ îäíîçíà÷íàÿ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿ
È åù¸ ðàç îá «îñîáåííîñòè» ýòîé êíèãè.
Äðóçüÿ!
Ôàêò îñòà¸òñÿ ôàêòîì – ó÷åáíûå òåêñòû â äàííîé
«Õðåñòîìàòèè» ñîñòàâëåíû èëè ïîäîáðàíû òàêèì ñïîñîáîì,
÷òî åñëè Âû «ïðîéä¸òå» èõ âñå, òî – ïðàêòè÷åñêè – íèêàêèõ
ó÷åáíûõ ïîñîáèé Âàì óæå áîëüøå íå áóäåò íóæíî
– òîëüêî
ïðàêòèêà, ïðàêòèêà è åù¸ ðàç ïðàêòèêà
Íå ñòåñíÿÿñü ñëîâà «çóáð¸æêà», ÿ åù¸ ðàç íàñòîÿòåëüíî
ðåêîìåíäóþ Âàì êîðîòêèå òåêñòû çàó÷èâàòü íàèçóñòü, à èç
áîëåå äëèííûõ âûáèðàòü öåëûå ïàññàæè – è òàêæå ñòàðàòüñÿ
èõ çàçóáðèâàòü
 òåêñòàõ Âàì äà¸òñÿ òàêîé çàïàñ íóæíûõ ñëîâ,
÷òî –
– óâåðÿþ Âàñ – åñëè ïîñëå äàííîé «Õðåñòîìàòèè» Âàì è ïîòðåáóþòñÿ êàêèå-òî äîïîëíèòåëüíûå àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà, òî ýòî
óæå áóäóò ñëîâà òèïà «ðæàâ÷èíà» èëè «íàêèïü» –
– òî åñòü ñëîâà «2-3-ãî óðîâíåé»
Òåêñò (áåç íîìåðà), íà÷èíàþùèéñÿ íà ñëåäóþùåé ñòðàíèöå, âàæåí òåì, ÷òî â í¸ì èìååòñÿ 80% àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè. Êðîìå ýòîãî, îí äîïîëíåí ïàðàëëåëüíûìè ãðàììàòè÷åñêèìè êîììåíòàðèÿìè (è ññûëêàìè íà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ñòðàíèöû äàííîé êíèãè), ÿâëÿþùèìèñÿ ïî ñóòè äåëà êðàòêèì î÷åðêîì àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè.
Íà÷íèòå ñ íåãî – È
Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü â àíãëèéñêèé ..!
çâó÷èò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:
«Çóáðè´òå êóñêè òåêñòîâ öåëûìè ñòðî÷êàìè
(Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, äàííûé òåêñò íå çàïèñàí íà äèñêå,
ïîñêîëüêó îí áûë âíåñ¸í â «Õðåñòîìàòèþ» ïîçäíåå).
ïðÿìî âìåñòå ñî ñëîâàìè !!!».
20
21
Âîò òåêñò ↓, êîòîðûé ÿ îñîáåííî ðåêîìåíäóþ
õîðîøåíüêî ïðîðàáîòàòü!
If 1 you + manage
Èô þó + ìæíèäæü
Åñëè Âàì + óäàñòñÿ
to learn2 this text
by heart
ò ó 뜜í ðèñ òýêñò áàéõààò
âûó÷èò ü ýòîò òåêñò
íàèçóñòü,
tomorrow you + will be able to3 (òî) çàâòðà Âû +
òýìîðîó þó + wèë áèè ýéáë ò ó
+ ñìîæåòå
speak English4 very well
ñïèèê Èíãëèøü âýðè wýë
ãîâîðèòü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
î÷åíü õîðîøî
and you
æíä þó
è Âû
will make5 + no6 mistakes7
wèë ìýéê + íîó ìèñòýéêñ
íå áóäåòå äåëàòü +
+ íèêàêèõ îøèáîê
(èëè:
you won’t make any6 mistakes7
þó wîóíò ìýéê ýíè ìèñòýéêñ)
because it8 (this text)
contains9 ïîòîìó ÷òî îí (òåêñò)
ñîäåðæèò
áèêîîç èò (ðèñ òýêñò) êýíòýéíç
a lot of necessary
ýëîò îâ íýñèñýðè
ìíîãî íåîáõîäèìûõ
rules7 + of grammar10.
ðóóëç + îâ ãðæìý.
ïðàâèë + ãðàììàòèêè
(“of ãðàììàòèêà”).
We11 will need11 + words, too,
Wè wèë íèèä + wœœäç, òóó,
22
Íàì òàêæå áóäóò íóæíû +
+ ñëîâà,
ÃÐÀÌÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ.
1. Ïîñëå ñëîâà “if” â åãî çíà÷åíèè «åñëè » íå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ
îáðàçîâàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû “will” è “shall” –
– ñì. ñòð. 72, 94, 203;
2. Åñëè â ðóññêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ïåðâûé ãëàãîë èçìåí¸í («óäàñòñÿ»),
à ïîñëåäóþùèå ãëàãîëû íå èçìåíåíû,
òî â àíãëèéñêîì ïåðåâîäå ýòîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
ïåðåä êàæäûì èç «ïîñëåäóþùèõ» ãëàãîëîâ
(â ëþáîì âðåìåíè!)
íóæíî ñòàâèòü ñëîâå÷êî “ to ”;
3. «Ñìîæåòå» = “will be able to ”, òî åñòü áóêâàëüíî «áóäåòå
ñïîñîáíû ..òü», ïîñêîëüêó ïîñëå ýëåìåíòà “will”
íåëüçÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü âòîðîé (äðóãîé) ýëåìåíò
(â äàííîì ñëó÷àå “can”) – ñì. ñòð. 55-57, 74;
4. Àíãëè÷àíå íå ãîâîðÿò «ïî-Àíãëèéñêè» – îíè ïðîñòî
“speak English” – áåç ïðåäëîãà.
È ñëîâî «Àíãëèéñêèé» âñåãäà ïèøåòñÿ ñ áîëüøîé áóêâû
(òàê æå êàê ñëîâà «Ðóññêèé», «Ôðàíöóçñêèé» è ïð.);
5. Áóäóùåå âðåìÿ â àíãëèéñêîì îáðàçóåòñÿ (â 99% ñëó÷àåâ)
ïðè ïîìîùè ýëåìåíòà “will”.
Ñàì “will” íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ, ãëàãîë ïîñëå íåãî íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ,
è íè ñëåâà, íè ñïðàâà îò “will” íå ñòàâèòñÿ “to” – ñòð. 55;
6. “No
” – ýòî ñèëüíîå, êàòåãîðè÷íîå îòðèöàíèå,
êîòîðûì «îòðèöàþòñÿ» òîëüêî ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå.
Åñëè æå Âû õîòèòå ãîâîðèòü ïîìÿã÷å, òî îòðèöàéòå ãëàãîë ïðè
ïîìîùè îäíîãî èç àíãëèéñêèõ «íå » (“don’t/doesn’t, didn’t,
won’t” – ñòð. 156), ïîñëå êîòîðûõ â êà÷åñòâå âòîðîãî îòðèöàíèÿ («íèêàêîé») ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî ñëîâî “any”, òàê êàê äâóõ îòðèöàíèé â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè áûòü íå ìîæåò – ñì. ñòð. 57;
7. Ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî àíãëèéñêèõ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ
â 99% îáðàçóåòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè îêîí÷àíèÿ “+(e)S” – íî ñì. ñòð. 40;
23
but if + one knows8 + the12 rules
áàò èô + wàí íîóç + ðý ðóóëç
íî åñëè + êòî-òî
çíàåò + (òå ñàìûå) ïðàâèëà,
he can3 start learning13 words7
õè êæí ñòààò 뜜íèíã wœœäç
îí ìîæåò íà÷àòü
çàó÷èâàòü (çàó÷èâàíèå) ñëîâ
so that in14 two or three months7 òàê ÷òî ÷åðåç 2 èëè 3
ñîó ðæò èí òóó îî θðèè ìàíθñ
ìåñÿöà
he + will be able to3
õè + wèë áèè ýéáë ò ó
îí + ñìîæåò
speak English
fluently15.
ñïèèê Èíãëèøü ôëóóýíòëè.
ãîâîðèò ü ïî-Àíãë. áåãëî.
I want + you to16 + understand
Àé wîíò + þó ò ó + àíäýñòæíä
that today you + must3
ðæò ò óäýé þó + ìàñò
ß õî÷ó, + ÷tîáû Âû16 +
+ ïîíÿëè,
÷òî ñåãîäíÿ Âû +
+ äîëæíû
obey the rules but
ýáýé ðý ðóóëç áàò
ïîä÷èíÿòüñÿ (òåì ñàìûì)
ïðàâèëàì, íî
tomorrow you + will have to3
òýìîðîó þó + wèë õæâ ò ó
çàâòðà Âû +
+ áóäåòå äîëæíû
make17 other people + admire17
ìýéê àðý ïèèïë + ýäìàéý
çàñòàâèòü äðóãèõ
ëþäåé + âîñõèùàòüñÿ
12
your correct and rich English!
¸î êýðýêò æíä ðèò÷ Èíãëèøü!
You will try5 to
Þó wèë òðàé òó
24
Âàøèì ïðàâèëüíûì è
áîãàòûì Àíãëèéñêèì!
Âû áóäåòå ñòàðàòüñÿ
8. “It” ãîâîðÿò îáî âñ¸ì êðîìå ëþäåé – ñì. ñòð. 46-47;
9.  íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè ïîñëå ñóáúåêòîâ â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå
(òî åñòü ïîñëå “he / she / it / My friend”)
ê êîíöó ãëàãîëà íóæíî ïðèáàâëÿòü îêîí÷àíèå “+(e)S”;
10. Ïðåäëî㠓of” îáðàçóåò ñîîòâåòñòâèå
ðóññêîìó ðîäèòåëüíîìó ïàäåæó (íàïðèìåð, «äðó´ãà» = «îô äðóã») –
– ñì. ñòð. 33, 100;
11. Àíãëèéñêîå ïðåäëîæåíèå íèêîãäà íå íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ îáúåêòíûõ
ìåñòîèìåíèé – òî åñòü ñî ñëîâ «Ìåíÿ, ìíå / Åãî, åìó » è ïð.
Àíãëèéñêîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ìîæåò íà÷èíàòüñÿ òîëüêî ñ ñóáúåêòíûõ ìåñòîèìåíèé («ß », «Îí », «Ìû » è ïð.).
Ïîýòîìó ðóññêîå «Íàì íóæíî » è ïåðåäà¸òñÿ ïî-àíãëèéñêè
êàê “We need ” = «Ìû íóæäàåìñÿ â » – ñì. ñòð. 57, 68;
12. Àíãëèéñêîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå íå ìîæåò áûòü «ãîëûì» – åñëè â
ðóññêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè îíî «ãîëîå» («ß êóïèë êíèãó»), òî â àíãëèéñêîì îíî îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæíî áûòü «îäåòî» â îïðåäåëèòåëü “an/a” (= «îäèí») èëè “the” (= «òîò ñàìûé/òå ñàìûå»):
“I bought a / the book”;
13. Åñëè ê ëþáîìó àíãëèéñêîìó ãëàãîëó ïðèáàâèòü îêîí÷àíèå “+ing”,
òî Âû ïîëó÷èòå ñðàçó 3 ðåçóëüòàòà, íàïðèìåð: “ReadING” =
1. äååïðè÷àñòèå («÷èòàÿ»);
2. ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå («÷òåíèå»);
3. àêòèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå («÷èòàþùèé») –
– ñì. ñòð. 47, 53, 175, 189;
14. Ïðåäëî㠓in ” ïðè îáîçíà÷åíèè âðåìåíè çíà÷èò « ÷åðåç »:
“I will come back in 3 hours” = «ß âåðíóñü ÷åðåç 3 ÷àñà»;
15. Åñëè ê îïðåäåëåíèþ ïðèáàâèòü îêîí÷àíèå “+ly”,
òî Âû ïîëó÷èòå íàðå÷èå ñî ñìûñëîì ñëîâà,
îò êîòîðîãî Âû ýòî íàðå÷èå îáðàçîâàëè:
“quick”
→ “quickly”,
«áûñòðûé» → «áûñòðî»,
òî åñòü ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî “-ly” = «-î».
(Ñì. ñòð. 93);
25
use2 your new knowledge
þóç ¸î íúþó íîîëèäæü
èñïîëüçîâàòü ñâîè
íîâûå çíàíèÿ
and to get2 a12 better life,
æíä ò ó ãýò ý áýòý ëàéô
è ïîëó÷èò ü (íåêóþ)
ëó÷øóþ æèçíü,
so finally you will find5
ñîó ôàéíýëè þó wèë ôàéíä
òàê ÷òî â êîíöå êîíöîâ
Âû íàéä¸òå
a12 new job
ý íúþó äæ¸á
êàêóþ-òî íîâóþ ðàáîòó
and the12 new job
æíä ðý íúþó äæ¸á
è (òà ñàìàÿ) íîâàÿ
ðàáîòà,
(that) you will get5
(ðæò) þó wèë ãýò
(êîòîðóþ) Âû ïîëó÷èòå,
might3 change your life
ìàéò ÷ýéíäæü ¸î ëàéô
ìîæåò (= «ïðåäïîëîæåíèå»)
èçìåíèòü Âàøó æèçíü
completely15.
êýìïëèèòëè.
ïîëíîñòüþ.
You will never18 feel
Þó wèë íýâý ôèèë
Âû íèêîãäà íå
ïî÷óâñòâóåòå
any6 uncertainty19
ýíè àíñœœòýíòè
íèêàêîé íåóâåðåííîñòè
and nobody18 will cause5 you
æíä íîóáîäè wèë êîîç þó
è íèêòî íå ïðè÷èíèò
Âàì
any6 trouble!
ýíè òðàáë!
íèêàêèõ õëîïîò!
26
16. Â ïîñòîÿííîé êîíñòðóêöèè
«ß õî÷ó, ÷tîáû òû », «Îí õî÷åò, ÷tîáû îíà » è ò.ä.
Âàì íóæíî áóäåò ïðîñòî âûçóáðèòü ñõåìó ïîñòîÿííûõ ñîîòâåòñòâèé:
÷tîáû ÿ
=
me
to
÷tîáû òû
=
you to
÷tîáû îí
=
him to
÷tîáû îíà
=
her to
÷tîáû ìû
=
us
to
=
them to ;
÷tîáû îíè
17. Ïîñëå ãëàãîëà “make” ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì
íå íóæíî ñòàâèòü ñëîâå÷êî “to” – ñì. ñòð. 155;
18. Àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà, â ñîñòàâå êîòîðûõ óæå èìååòñÿ “no-”,
ìîæíî ñðàçó æå ïðèðàâíèâàòü ê íàøèì äâîéíûì îòðèöàíèÿì:
“never”
= «íèêîãäà íå »,
“nobody” = «íèêòî íå »,
“nothing” = «íè÷òî íå »,
“nowhere” = «íèãäå
íå »;
19. Ïðèñòàâêà “un-” ïðèäà¸ò àíãëèéñêîìó ñëîâó
îòðèöàòåëüíîå çíà÷åíèå – ñì. ñòð. 100;
20. Ýòî – ôîðìû ãëàãîëà “be” – áèè = «áûòü»:
am, is, are – íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ,
was, were – ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ,
will be
– áóäóùåå
âðåìÿ;
21. Ýòî – îäíà èç ôîðì ãëàãîëà “have” – õæâ = «èìåòü»:
have, has – íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ,
had
– ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ,
will have – áóäóùåå
âðåìÿ;
22. Ñëîâî “ago” – ýãîó = « íàçàä» óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî ïîñëå
íåãî ãëàãîë íóæíî ïîñòàâèòü â ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ. À ïîñêîëüêó
ñëîâî “may” = «ìîæíî» íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãëàãîëîì, è, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî,
íå ìîæåò áûòü ïîñòàâëåíî â ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ, òî – âìåñòî
íåãî – èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ãëàãîëüíûé îáîðîò “be allowed to ”,
â êîòîðîì ïî âðåìåíàì èçìåíÿåòñÿ ãëàãîë “be” (ñì. âûøå).
27
ÃËÀÂÀ I.
This text-book is20
Ðèñ òýêñáóê èç
Ýòà õðåñòîìàòèÿ (åñòü)
very important for you
âýðè èìïîîòýíò ôîî þó
î÷åíü âàæíà äëÿ Âàñ
because it has21
áèêîîç èò õæç
ïîòîìó ÷òî «îíà èìååò»
(= «â íåé åñòü»)
enough words7
èíàô wœœäç
äîñòàòî÷íî ñëîâ,
that are20 and will be20
ðæò àà æíä wèë áèè
êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ
è áóäóò (ÿâëÿòüñÿ)
necessary for you.
íýñèñýðè ôîî þó.
íåîáõîäèìûìè äëÿ Âàñ.
20 years ago22 you
Òwýíòè éèýç ýãîó þó
20 ëåò íàçàä Âàì
I live in
Àé ëèâ èí
ß æèâó â
were not allowed to3
wœœý íîò ýëàóä ò ó
íåëüçÿ (= «íå ìîæíî»)
áûëî
I am* a teacher.
Àé æì* ýòûû÷ý.
ß –* ó÷èòåëü.
read everything
ðèèä ýâðèθèíã
÷èòàò ü âñ¸,
Every day
Ýâðè äýé
Êàæäûé äåíü
and now you may3
æíä íàó þó ìýé
à ñåé÷àñ Âàì ìîæíî
I come to** my school
Àé êàì òó ìàé ñêóóë
ÿ ïðèõîæó â** øêîëó
read any6 literature
ðèèä ýíè ëèòðèò÷ý
÷èòàòü ëþáóþ
ëèòåðàòóðó,
and teach my class
æíä òûû÷ ìàé êëæñ
(that) you might3 want.
(ðæò) þó ìàéò wîíò.
êîòîðóþ Âàì, âîçìîæíî,
çàõî÷åòñÿ (ïðî÷åñòü).
how to pronounce
õàó ò ó ïðýíàóíñ
28
ÍÈ×ÅÃÎ
Ñ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÌÈ ÑËÎÂÀÌÈ
ÍÅ ÄÅËÀÅÌ !
3 ÒÅÊÑÒÀ,
öåëèêîì ñîñòîÿùèå
èç íåèçìåí¸ííûõ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹1
Ïðèâåò!
Hello! – Õýëîó!
My name is
Ìàé íýéì èç
*
*
1
2
Ìåíÿ çîâóò
↑
(ñâîþ)
1
è ó÷ó ìîé êëàññ,
2
êàê ïðîèçíîñèò ü
29
properly
ïðîïýëè
ïðàâèëüíî
English
Èíãëèøü
ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
every English word,
ýâðè Èíãëèøü wœœä,
êàæäîå Àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî,
very well.
âýðè wýë.
î÷åíü õîðîøî.
how to read
õàó ò ó ðèèä
êàê ÷èòàò ü
Next summer we plan
Íýêñò ñàìý wè ïëæí
any English text,
ýíè Èíãëèøü òýêñò,
ëþáîé Àíãëèéñêèé òåêñò
and how to translate it*** è êàê ïåðåâîäèò ü åãî***
æíä õàó ò ó òðæíñëýéò èò
1
Ñëåäóþùèì ëåòîì 1
ìû ïëàíèðóåì
2
2
to ***** visit England.
òó
âèçèò Èíãëýíä.
ïîñåòèò ü Àíãëèþ.
→
2 ñëîâà
1 ñëîâî
into** Russian.
èíò ó Ðàøüí.
íà** Ðóññêèé (ÿçûê).
We + will visit
Wè + wèë âèçèò
Ìû + ïîñåòèì
We study
Wè ñòàäè
Ìû èçó÷àåì
the capital of the country****** ñòîëèöó ñòðàíû****** –
ðýêæïèòë îâ ðýêàíòðè
English grammar
Èíãëèøü ãðæìý
Àíãëèéñêóþ ãðàììàòèêó
and English literature
æíä Èíãëèøü ëèòðèò÷ý
è Àíãëèéñêóþ ëèòåðàòóðó
very thoroughly,
âýðè θàðýëè,
î÷åíü òùàòåëüíî,
and + as a result
æíä + æç ýðèçàëò
è + â ðåçóëüòàòå ýòîãî
London
Ëàíäýí
– Ëîíäîí,
and I hope
æíä Àé õîóï
è ÿ íàäåþñü,
that this trip
ðæò ðèñ òðèï
÷òî ýòî ïóòåøåñòâèå
2 ñëîâà
will be* very helpful
wèë áèè âýðè õýëïôóë
→
1 ñëîâî
áóäåò* î÷åíü ïîëåçíûì,
1
my class can
ìàé êëæñ êæí
ìîé êëàññ ìîæåò
and that it*** will give us
è ÷òî îíî***
æíä ðæò èò wèë ãèâ àñ → äàñò (áóä. âð.) íàì
speak and read****
ñïèèê æíä ðèèä
ãîâîðèòü è ÷èòàòü****
a very good
ý âýðè ãóä
30
î÷åíü õîðîøóþ
31
supplementary opportunity
ñàïëèìýíòýðè ýïýòúþóíèòè
2
äîïîëíèòåëüíóþ
âîçìîæíîñòü
2
to improve
ò ó èìïðóóâ
óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàò ü
(÷toáû óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü)
our English.
àóý Èíãëèøü.
íàø Àíãëèéñêèé.
That is* my dream
Ðæò èç ìàé äðèèì
Ýòî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìîåé ìå÷òîé,
→
2 ñëîâà
and I will do
æíä Àé wèë äóó
1 ñëîâî
è ÿ ñäåëàþ
all that I can
îîë ðæò Àé êæí
âñ¸, ÷òî (ÿ) ìîãó,
(in order) to + make sure
(èí îîäý) ò ó + ìýéê øþý
÷tîáû + ãàðàíòèðîâàò ü,
3 ñëîâà
that we + will be able
ðæò wè + wèë áèè ýéáë
2
1
to accomplish this.
ò ó ýêîìïëèøü ðèñ.
→
1 ñëîâî
÷òî ìû + ñìîæåì
1
2
âûïîëíèò ü ýòî.
*  ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ìû çà÷àñòóþ
(îñîáåííî, â íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè!)
îïóñêàåì ãëàãîë «áûòü» (è åãî ôîðìû).
 àíãëèéñêîì æå ïðåäëîæåíèè
ïðèñóòñòâèå ëþáîãî ãëàãîëà
â ëþáîé ôîðìå è â ëþáîì âðåìåíè
ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûì !!!
32
À çíà÷èò, ÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÜÍÎ íóæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü è ãëàãîë “be”
â ëþáîé èç åãî ôîðì !!! (Ñòð. 27);
** Îáðàùàéòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà àíãëèéñêèå ïðåäëîãè, êîòîðûå
óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ êàê ýêâèâàëåíòû èõ ðóññêèì âàðèàíòàì (çà÷àñòóþ ñîâñåì íåîáÿçàòåëüíî, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ áóäóò 100%-ìè!);
*** Ïîñêîëüêó ñëîâà´ «òåêñò» è «ïóòåøåñòâèå» îáîçíà÷àþò
íå ëþäåé, òî ïî-àíãëèéñêè îíè ïåðåäàþòñÿ ìåñòîèìåíèåì “it”,
(à íå “he” äëÿ ñëîâà «òåêñò»);
**** Ïîñëå ýëåìåíòà “CAN” – «êæí» = «ìî÷ü»
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì
íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”,
òàê êàê ýëåìåíò “can” íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðâûì ãëàãîëîì,
è – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – «ïîñëåäóþùèé» ãëàãîë
íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ «âòîðûì» ãëàãîëîì !;
***** À âîò åñëè àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë èä¸ò ïîñëå ãëàãîëà
(íàïðèìåð, «õî÷ó áåãàòü») –
– òî åñòü ÿâëÿåòñÿ âòîðûì ãëàãîëîì,
òî ïåðåä ýòèì âòîðûì ãëàãîëîì
îáÿçàòåëüíî íóæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü ÷àñòèöó “to”:
1
2
1
ß õî÷ó + áåãàò ü = I want +
to
↓→ → → →↑
****** “ OF the country” = «
“ OF your book” = «
“ impression OF you” = «
2
1
run – Àé wîíò
òó
2
ðàí;
´
ñòðàíÛ»,
ÂàøÅÉ êíèãÈ»,
âïå÷àòëåíèå ÎÒ Âàñ» –
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïðè ïîìîùè àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîãà “ÎF”
îáðàçóåòñÿ ñîîòâåòñòâèå íàøåìó ðîäèòåëüíîìó ïàäåæó.
NB. Ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ
çàïîìèíàéòå ñðàçó æå êàê ýêâèâàëåíòû
ðóññêèì âûðàæåíèÿì.
33
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹2
Now we are*
Íàó wè àà*
Ñåé÷àñ ìû íàõîäèìñÿ
in the dining hall.
èí ðý äàéíèíã õîîë.
â (çíàêîìîé íàì) ñòîëîâîé.
It is* a large room.
Èò èç ý ëààäæü ðóì.
Ýòî – ü* áîëüøàÿ êîìíàòà.
It has + one window
Èò õæç + wàí wèíäîó
Îíà èìååò + îäíî îêíî
(«Â íåé »)
and one door.
æíä wàí äîî.
è îäíó äâåðü.
The window is* open.
Ðýwèíäîó èç îóïýí.
Îêíî (åñòü)* îòêðûòî.
Today is* a bright
Òýäýé èç ýáðàéò
Ñåãîäíÿ ü* ÿðêèé
autumn day.
îîòýì äýé.
îñåííèé äåíü.
In the dining hall
Èí ðýäàéíèíã õîîë
 ñòîëîâîé
we can see**
wè êæí ñèè
ìû ìîæåì âèäåòü**
a big table
ýáèã òýéáë
áîëüøîé ñòîë
with pepper and salt
wèð ïýïý æíä ñîîëò
ñ ïåðöåì è ñîëüþ
34
on it***.
îí èò.
íà í¸ì***.
We can also see**
Wè êæí îîëñîó ñèè
Ìû ìîæåì òàêæå âèäåòü**
two men
òóó ìýí
äâóõ ìóæ÷èí
at the table.
æò ðýòýéáë.
çà ñòîëîì.
One man has a fork
Wàí ìæí õæç ýôîîê
Îäèí ìóæ÷èíà äåðæèò
(= «èìååò») âèëêó
in his**** left hand
ëåôò õæíä
èí õèç
â ñâîåé**** (= â åãî)
ëåâîé ðóêå,
and a knife
æíä ýíàéô
è íîæ
in his**** right hand.
ðàéò õæíä.
èí õèç
â ñâîåé**** (= â åãî)
ïðàâîé ðóêå.
* Â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ìû îïóñêàåì ãëàãîë «áûòü» (è åãî ôîðìû),
â àíãëèéñêîì æå ãëàãîë “be”
(êàê è ëþáîé äðóãîé ãëàãîë)
ÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÅÍ ê óïîòðåáëåíèþ
â ëþáîé ôîðìå è â ëþáîì âðåìåíè (ñòð. 27);
** Ïîñëå ýëåìåíòà “CAN” – «êæí» = «ìî÷ü»
(è ïîñëå ëþáîãî äðóãîãî [ìîäàëüíîãî] ýëåìåíòà)
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì
íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ
÷àñòèöà “to”;
35
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹3
*** «Ñòîë» – íå ÷åëîâåê, ïîýòîìó î í¸ì íèêàêèõ “he”,
à òîëüêî
“it”;
**** Ó àíãëîÿçû÷íûõ íåò «îáùåãî» ñëîâà «ñâîé».
Âìåñòî
íåãî îíè â êàæäîì êîíêðåòíîì ñëó÷àå
óêàçûâàþò «÷åé»,
äëÿ ÷åãî èñïîëüçóþò
ïîäõîäÿùåå ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîå ìåñòîìåíèå
(òî åñòü ñëîâà “my”, “your”, “his”, “her”, “its”, “our”, “their”,
êîòîðûå ÿ íàçûâàþ «îáÿçàòåëüíûìè îïðåäåëèòåëÿìè»).
(Ñì. ìîé «Ìàëûé ïðûæîê â àíãëèéñêèé»!).
NB.
Ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ
çàïîìèíàéòå ñðàçó æå
êàê ýêâèâàëåíòû ðóññêèì âûðàæåíèÿì!
Åñëè îïðåäåëèòåëü “the” – «ðý» ïîâòîðèòü 2 ðàçà,
òî ýòî áóäåò óæå íå÷òî ÑÎÂÑÅÌ íîâîå:
“The ..., the ...” = «×åì ..., òåì ...».
ÒÅÊÑÒ
ÄËß ÓËÛÁÊÈ è ÇÀÇÓÁÐÈÂÀÍÈß:
“The more we study,
the
more we
« Ðý
ìîî
wè ñòàäè,
ðý
ìîî wè
«×åì áîëüøå ìû ó÷èìñÿ, òåì áîëüøå ìû
The more we
Ðý
ìîî
wè
×åì áîëüøå ìû
know,
íîó,
çíàåì,
the
more we forget.
ðý
ìîî wè ôýãýò.
òåì áîëüøå ìû çàáûâàåì.
The more we forget, the
less we
Ðý
ìîî
wè ôýãýò,
ðý
ëåñ wè
×åì áîëüøå ìû çàáûâàåì, òåì ìåíüøå ìû
The
less
we
Ðý
ëåñ
wè
×åì ìåíüøå ìû
know,
íîó,
çíàåì,
know.
íîó.
çíàåì.
know.
íîó.
çíàåì.
the
less we forget.
ðý
ëåñ wè ôýãýò.
òåì ìåíüøå ìû çàáûâàåì.
The
less
we forget, the
more we
Ðý
ëåñ
wè ôýãýò,
ðý
ìîî wè
×åì ìåíüøå ìû çàáûâàåì, òåì áîëüøå ìû
know.
íîó.
çíàåì.
Why study?”*.
Wàé ñòàäè?»*.
Òàê çà÷åì æå ó÷èòüñÿ?».
*  ðèòîðè÷åñêîì âîïðîñå
ïîñëå ñëîâà “Why ?” – «Wàé?» = «Ïî÷åìó ?», «Çà÷åì ?»
ïîñëåäóþùèé ãëàãîë óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû “to”.
!!!!!!! Îáðàòèòå äîïîëíèòåëüíîå âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî
äàæå ÂÑß ýòà – ÷èñòî àìåðèêàíñêàÿ – «ïðèñêàçêà»
ñîñòàâëåíà èç àáñîëþòíî ÍÅèçìåí¸ííûõ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ,
âçÿòûõ (áåç èçìåíåíèÿ !!!) ïðÿìî èç ñëîâàðÿ !!!
36
37
ÃËÀÂÀ II.
ÍÀ×ÈÍÀÅÌ ÏÐÈÁÀÂËßÒÜ ÎÊÎÍ×ÀÍÈß !!!
Ó×ÅÁÍÛE ÒÅÊÑÒÛ
äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ àíãëèéñêèìè îêîí÷àíèÿìè.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹4
(“+(e)S”).
help me
õýëï ìèè
ïîìîãàþò ìíå
very much.
âýðè ìàò÷.
î÷åíü ñèëüíî.
I have no
Àé õæâ íîó
Ó ìåíÿ íåò
close friendS* here
êëîóñ ôðýíäÇ õèý
áëèçêèõ äðóçåé çäåñü,
I buy
Àé áàé
ß ïîêóïàþ
since
ñèíñ
ïîñêîëüêó
very many
âýðè ìýíè
î÷åíü ìíîãî
all my old friendS
îîë ìàé îóëä ôðýíäÇ
âñå ìîè ñòàðûå äðóçüÿ
new English bookS*
íúþó Èíãëèøü áóêÑ
íîâûõ Àíãëèéñêèõ êíèã
live in different placeS.
ëèâ èí äèôðýíò ïëýéñèÇ.
æèâóò â ðàçíûõ ìåñòàõ.
and magazineS*
æíä ìæãýçèèíÇ
è æóðíàëîâ
* bookS, magazineS, friendS –
every month,
ýâðè ìàíθ,
êàæäûé ìåñÿö,
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
1-é ãëàã.
2-é ãëàã.
I want to** know everything!
íîó ýâðèθèíã!
Àé wîíò ò ó
These bookS
Ðèèç áóêÑ
38
1-é ãëàã.
– “+S” â êîíöå ñëîâà – ýòî îñíîâíîé ïîêàçàòåëü
ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà
àíãëèéñêèõ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ.
Èëè íàîáîðîò: ÷òîáû (ïî-àíãëèéñêè) ñäåëàòü
èç åäèíñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà→ ìíîæåñòâåííîå,
äîñòàòî÷íî ê ñëîâó ïðèáàâèòü “+(å)S”.
2-é ãëàã.
ÿ õî÷ó ü** çíàòü âñ¸!
Ýòè êíèãè
Íî íà ñëåäóþùåé ñòðàíèöå èìååòñÿ ñïèñîê 10 «íåïðàâèëüíûõ» (òî åñòü íå ïîä÷èíÿþùèõñÿ ýòîìó ïðàâèëó) àíãëèéñêèõ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ.
Ó íèõ (= “They have”) ñîáñòâåííûå (äðåâíèå) ôîðìû
ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà, êîòîðûå Âàì ïðèä¸òñÿ
ïðîñòî âûó÷èòü íàèçóñòü êàê îòäåëüíûå ñëîâà.
39
+
child
foot
goose
louse
man
mouse
penny
ox
tooth
woman
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10 «íåïðàâèëüíûõ» ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹5
10 ôîðì èõ ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà:
(“+(e)S”).
÷àéëä
ôóò
ãóóñ
ëàóñ
ìæí
ìàóñ
ïýíè
îêñ
òóó θ
wóìýí
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
children
feet
geese
lice
men
mice
pence
oxen
teeth
women
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
÷ûëäðýí
ôèèò
ãèèñ
ëàéñ
ìýí
ìàéñ
ïýíñ
îêñí
òèèθ
wèìèí
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
äåòè
ñòó´ïíè (íîã)
ãóñè
âø è
ìóæ÷èíû
ìûø è
ïåíñ û
áûê è
çóáû
æåíùèí û.
Our father
Àóý ôààðý
Íàø îòåö
buyS* and sellS*
áàéÇ æíä ñýëÇ
ïîêóïàåò* è ïðîäà¸ò*
different old broken carS.
äèôðýíò îóëä áðîóêýí êààÇ.
ðàçíûå ñòàðûå ïîëîìàííûå
ìàøèíû.
We help him –
Wè õýëï õèì –
Ìû ïîìîãàåì åìó –
Òî åñòü, íàïðèìåð, «äåòè» ïî-àíãëèéñêè
áóäóò íå “childs”,
à “children” è ò. ä.;
– my
sister washES**
these carS,
– ìàé ñèñòý wîøüèÇ
ðèèç êààÇ,
ìîÿ ñåñòðà ìîåò**
ýòè ìàøèíû,
** Âñïîìíèòå, ÷òî
I fix them,
Àé ôèêñ ðýì,
ÿ ðåìîíòèðóþ èõ,
and our mom
æíä àóý ìîì
à íàøà ìàìà
countS* money.
êàóíòÑ ìàíè.
ñ÷èòàåò* äåíüãè.
We have + many
Wè õæâ + ìýíè
Ó íàñ åñòü + ìíîãî
constant
clientS.
êîíñòýíò êëàéýíòC.
ïîñòîÿííûõ êëèåíòîâ.
Their quantity
Ðýý êwîíòèòè
Èõ êîëè÷åñòâî
ïåðåä êàæäûì âòîðûì èëè òðåòüèì àíãëèéñêèì ãëàãîëîì
(ñëåäóþùèì/-è çà «ïåðâûì» ãëàãîëîì)
íóæíî ñòàâèòü ÷àñòèöó/ñëîâå÷êî “to” – «ò ó».
***
ÂÀÆÍÎ !
Íî “to”
íå
íå
40
ñòàâèòñÿ ïîñëå (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ,
òàê êàê îíè
ÿâëÿþòñÿ (ïåðâûìè) ãëàãîëàìè !!!
41
constantly growS*
êîíñòýíòëè ãðîóÇ
ïîñòîÿííî ðàñò¸ò*
1
and our father’S*** 2
business
æíä àóý ôààðý’Ñ áèçíèñ
3
4
5
helpS* us + very much.
õýëïC àñ + âýðè ìàò÷.
→
→
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹6
(â êîòîðîì åñòü ïî÷òè âñå àíãëèéñêèå îêîí÷àíèÿ).
2
1
è äåëî íàøåãî îòö’à***
5
4
3
î÷åíü + íàì ïîìîãàåò*.
My brother liveS*
Ìàé áðàðý ëèâÇ
Ìîé áðàò æèâ¸Ò*
in his friend’S** house
èí õèç ôðýíä’Ñ
õàóñ
â äîìå ñâîåãî äðóã’À**
with his own parentS.
wèð õèç îóí ïýýðýíòÑ.
ñî ñâîèìè ñîáñòâåííûìè
ðîäèòåëßÌÈ.
1
* Ïîñëå «ÎíS/ ÎíàS/ ÎíîS/ ÊòîS?»
(òî åñòü ïîñëå “He/she/it/Who?” –
– ñóáúåêòîâ â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå)
He always wanteD
Õè îîëwýéç wîíòèÄ
2
1
Îí âñåãäà õîòåË
2
to live
quietLY
ò y ëèâ êwàéýòËÈ
æèò ü
íóæíî ïðèáàâëÿòü îêîí÷àíèå “+(å)S”;
with his adoreD***
wèð õèç ýäîîÄ
ñî ñâîåé îáîæàÅÌîé
** Ñàìî´ ýòî ñëîâî îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà øèïÿùóþ ñîãëàñíóþ –
– ïîýòîìó çäåñü îêîí÷àíèå, ïðèáàâëåííîå ê íåìó,
è èìååò ôîðìó “ES”;
and adorING **** family
æíä ýäîîðÈÍÃ
ôæìèëè
è îáîæàÞÙåé ñåìü¸é
in a biggER house.
èí ý áèãÝ
õàóñ.
´
â áÎëüøåì
äîìå.
â íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè ê êîíöó ïîñëåäóþùåãî ãëàãîëà
*** Åñëè Âàì íóæíî îáîçíà÷èòü
«âëàäåëüöà»
÷åãî-ëèáî,
òî Ê ýòîìó «âëàäåëüöó» íóæíî ÷åðåç àïîñòðîô (“ ’ “)
ïðèáàâèòü “ ’S”:
“ÌcDonald’s” = «ÌàêÄîíàëüä’îâ» –
– «×åé?».
ñïîêîéíÎ
* Ïîìíèòå, ÷òî ïîñëå «ÎíS/ ÎíàS/ ÎíîS/ ÊòîS?»
(òî åñòü ïîñëå “He/she/it/Who?”)
â íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè ê êîíöó ïîñëåäóþùåãî ãëàãîëà
íóæíî ïðèáàâëÿòü îêîí÷àíèå “+(e)S”;
** Åñëè Âàì íóæíî îáîçíà÷èòü «âëàäåëüöà» ÷åãî-ëèáî,
òî Ê ýòîìó «âëàäåëüöó» íóæíî ÷åðåç àïîñòðîô
ïðèáàâèòü “ ’S” (“ÌcDonald’s” = «ÌàêÄîíàëüä’îâ»);
*** Ýòî = ïàññèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå (= 3-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà),
çíà÷àùåå, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî (ðàç îíî «ïàññèâíîå»),
«îáîæàåìûé» – òî åñòü: «òîò, êîãî »;
**** Ýòî = àêòèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå (= INGîâàÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà),
çíà÷àùåå, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî (ðàç îíî «àêòèâíîå»),
«îáîæàþùèé» – òî åñòü: «òîò, êòî ».
42
43
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹7
(ñî âñåìè îñíîâíûìè îêîí÷àíèÿìè,
ïðèñîåäèíÿþùèìèñÿ ê êîíöó àíãëèéñêîãî ñëîâà).
My friend readS
Ìàé ôðýíä ðèèäÇ
Ìîé äðóã ÷èòàåÒ
many bookS.
ìýíè áóêÑ.
ìíîãî êíèã.
He
usually buyS them* Îí îáû÷íî ïîêóïàåÒ èõ*
Õè þóæüåëè áàéÇ ðýì
NB:**
1) in my uncle’S
èí ìàé àíêë’Ñ
2) sevenTH
ñýâýíθ
3) bookstore.
áóêñòîî.
{
âñþ ñâîþ æèçíü
in different placeS,
èí äèôðýíò ïëýéñèÇ,
â ðàçíûõ ìåñòÀÕ,
savING*** each penny
èèò÷ ïýíè
ñýéâÈÍÃ
ñáåðåãàß*** êàæäóþ êîïåéêó
for a rainy day****,
ôîî ý ðýéíè äýé,
íà ÷¸ðíûé äåíü****,
and his work
æíä õèç wœœê
è åãî ðàáîòà
2) â ñåäüìîì
was always connecteD*****
wîç îîëwýéç êýíýêòèÄ
áûëà âñåãäà ñâÿçàÍà*****
3) êíèæíîì ìàãàçèíå
with bookS.
wèð áóêÑ.
ñ êíèãàÌÈ.
1) ìîåãî äÿä’È.
My uncle is oldER
Ìàé àíêë èç îóëäÝ
Ìîé äÿäÿ ü ñòàðøÅ,
than my father,
ðæí ìàé ôààðý,
÷åì ìîé îòåö
(= «ìîåãî îòöà»),
but our grandfather
áàò àóý ãðæíäôààðý
íî íàø äåäóøêà –
is the oldEST.
èç ðý îóëäÈÑÒ.
My uncle workeD
Ìàé àíêë wœœêÒ
44
all his life
îîë õèç ëàéô
ÂookS sellING***
ÁóêÑ ñýëÈÍÃ
ÏðîäàÆÀ*** êíèã
(«Ïðîäàâàíèå»)
always was
îîëwýéç wîç
âñåãäà áûëà
(åñüòü) ñàìûé ñòàðûé
(= «ñàìûé ñòàðøèé»).
His book business
Õèç áóê áèçíèñ
Åãî êíèæíûé áèçíåñ
Ìîé äÿäÿ ðàáîòàË
is a growING*** and
èç ý ãðîóÈÍÃ
æíä
– ü
→
1
2
2
3
my uncle’S favourite 3
ëþáèìûì çàíÿòèåì
ìîåãî äÿä’È.
occupation.
ìàé àíêë’Ñ ôýéâðèò
1
îêúþïýéøüí.
ðàñòÓÙèé*** è
45
expandING*** business.
áèçíèñ.
èêñïæíäÈÍÃ
ðàñøèðÿÞÙèéñÿ*** áèçíåñ.
It spreadS very quickLY****** Îí î÷åíü áûñòðÎ******
ðàñøèðÿåÒñÿ
Èò ñïðýäÇ âýðè êwèêËÈ
and becomeS
æíä áèêàìÇ
widÅR
wàéäÝ
è ñòàíîâèÒñÿ
and widÅR.
æíä wàéäÝ.
(âñ¸) øèðÅ è øèðÅ.
î «øêàôå/ðóêå/îêíå» ñêàæóò “it”,
î «ñëîíå» ñêàæóò “it”,
íî è î «ñëîíèõå» îáû÷íî òîæå ñêàæóò “it”
(à íå “she”) !!!;
** NB. Îáðàòèòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ðàçíèöó â ïîðÿäêå ñëîâ !!!
*** “Saving” = «ñáåðåãàÿ» – òóò INGîâàÿ ôîðìà
* THEM – Àíãëèéñêèå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ ìîãóò áûòü îáúåêòíûìè, è ÿ ðåêîìåíäóþ çàó÷èòü èõ íå êàê «ôîðìû» ñóáúåêòíûõ
ìåñòîèìåíèé, à ïðîñòî êàê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûå ñëîâà:
ME
– ìèè = ÌÅÍß, ÌÍÅ, ÌÍÎÉ, ÌÍÎÞ
YOU
– þó
HIM
– õèì = ÅÃÎ, ÍÅÃÎ, ÈÌ, ÍÈÌ
HER
– õœœ = Ũ, ÍŨ, ÅÞ, ÍÅÞ, ÅÉ, ÍÅÉ
= ÒÅÁß, ÒÅÁÅ, ÒÎÁÎÉ, ÒÎÁÎÞ;
ÂÀÑ, ÂÀÌ, ÂÀÌÈ
IT
– èò
(íå î ëþäÿõ !)
= ÅÃÎ, ÍÅÃÎ, ÈÌ, ÍÈÌ
Ũ, ÍŨ, ÅÞ, ÍÅÞ, ÅÉ, ÍÅÉ
US
– àñ
= ÍÀÑ, ÍÀÌ, ÍÀÌÈ
THEM
– ðýì = ÈÕ, ÍÈÕ, ÈÌÈ, ÍÈÌÈ.
1) Ïðèìåðíî ýäàê ñ êîíöà XVIII – íà÷àëà XIX âåêà â àíãëèéñêîì
ÿçûêå ïåðåñòàëî óïîòðåáëÿòüñÿ íîðìàëüíîå àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî
«òû» (“thou”) – îñòàëîñü òîëüêî “You”– «Þó» = «Âû» –
è ñåãîäíÿ
ýòèì “You” îáðàùàþòñÿ è ê ðàáî÷åìó, è ê êîðîëåâå ;
2) Ìåñòîèìåíèåì “it” – «èò » – ïî-àíãëèéñêè îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ
ÂѨ, êðîìå ëþäåé
46
(íåçàâèñèìî îò òîãî, êàêîãî ðîäà ýòîò «ïðåäìåò/ëèöî»
â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå):
ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íàøåìó äååïðè÷àñòèþ (= ôîðìå íà «-ÿ»);
*** Çäåñü òà æå INGîâàÿ ôîðìà óæå îáîçíà÷àåò
ïåðåäàâàåìûé ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì:
ïðîöåññ,
(“selling” = «ïðîäàæà», «ïðîäàâàíèå»);
*** À çäåñü INGîâàÿ ôîðìà – ýòî óæå àêòèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå
(“growing” = «ðàñòóùèé»,
“expanding” = «ðàñøèðÿþùèéñÿ»);
**** “For a rainy day” (áóêâàëüíî: «Äëÿ äîæäëèâîãî äíÿ») – ýòî
âûðàæåíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íàøåìó âûðàæåíèþ «Íà ÷¸ðíûé äåíü».
Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà îêîí÷àíèå “-y”, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðîãî
àíãëîÿçû÷íûå èç ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî «äåëàþò» îïðåäåëåíèå
(“rain” → “rainY” – «ðýéíÈ»)
«äîæäü» → «äîæäËÈÂûé»;
***** Ïàññèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå (Ï. Î.);
****** È çäåñü îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà ðàçíèöó â ïîðÿäêå ñëîâ
â îáîèõ âàðèàíòàõ.
47
ÃËÀÂÀ III.
ÏÀØÅÌ ÂÎÂÑÞ !!!
«ÌÎÍÎËÎÃÈ Î ÑÅÁÅ».
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹8
“ABOUT MYSELF”
«Ýáàóò
ìàéñýëô».
«Î ÑÅÁÅ».
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
almost all textbooks
îîëìîóñò oîë òýêñòáóêñ
ïî÷òè âñå ó÷åáíèêè
do it.
äóó èò.
äåëàþò ýòî.
1
2
1
2
I
just want to** tell you ß ïðîñòî õî÷ó ñêàçàò ü Âàì,
Àé äæÿñò wîíò ò ó òýë þó
I work every day
Àé wœœê ýâðè äýé
ß ðàáîòàþ êàæäûé äåíü
that though
ðæò ðîó
÷òî õîòÿ
from 10 a.m.*
ôðîì òýí ýé ýì
ñ 10 óòðà*
I’m very interested in
Àéì âýðè èíòðèñòèä èí
ìåíÿ î÷åíü èíòåðåñóåò
till
6
p.m.*.
òèë ñèêñ ïèè ýì.
äî 6 âå÷åðà*.
my work
ìàé wœœê
ìîÿ ðàáîòà,
I’m not going
Àéì íîò ãîóèíã
ß íå ñîáèðàþñü
I still have + a lot
Àé ñòèë õæâ + ýëîò
ó ìåíÿ âñ¸ æå åñòü + êó÷à
to tell you
ò ýòýë þó
ðàññêàçûâàò ü Âàì,
of other interests.
îâ àðý èíòðèñòñ.
äðóãèõ èíòåðåñîâ
how I get up
õàó Àé ãýòàï
êàê ÿ âñòàþ
I like + to go**
Àé ëàéê + ò ó ãîó
ß ëþáëþ + õîäèò ü
in the morning
èí ðýìîîíèíã
óòðîì
to the theatre,
ò ó ðýθèýòý,
â òåàòð
and how I get
æíä õàó Àé ãýò
è êàê ÿ äîáèðàþñü
read*** detective**** stories,
ðèèä äèòýêòèâ ñòîðèç,
÷èòàòü äåòåêòèâû
to my work
ò ó ìàé wœœê
äî ñâîåé ðàáîòû
and spend*** time
æíä ñïýíä
òàéì
è ïðîâîäèòü âðåìÿ
48
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1-é ãëàãîë
2-é ãëàãîë
(«îâ äðóãèå èíòåðåñû»).
1
2
(çäåñü “to” – «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
49
with
beautiful women.
wèð áúþóòèôóë wèìèí.
ñ êðàñèâûìè æåíùèíàìè.
2-é ãëàãîë
2
to** improve my English
ò ó èìïðóóâ ìàé Èíãëèøü
óëó÷øèò ü ñâîé Àíãëèéñêèé,
Ìíå åù¸ ñëèøêîì ðàíî
since this is
ñèíñ ðèñ èç
òàê êàê ýòî ü –
to get** married,
òýãýò
ìæðèä,
(÷toáû) æåíèò üñÿ,
the direct route
ðý äèðýêò ðóóò
ïðÿìàÿ äîðîãà
since first
ñèíñ ôœœñò
òàê êàê ñíà÷àëà
to success
ò ó ñýêñýñ
ê óñïåõó (“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
1
It’s too early for me
Èò’ñ òóó œœëè ôîî ìèè
2
I’d like to** + reach
Àéä ëàéê ò ó + ðèèò÷
ÿ õîòåë áû + äîñòè÷ü
in the field (that)
èí ðýôèèëä (ðæò)
â (òîé) îáëàñòè, (êîòîðóþ)
a solid
financial
ý ñîëèä ôàéíæíøüë
óñòîé÷èâîãî ôèíàíñîâîãî
I have chosen ... ******.
Àé õæâ ÷îóçí
ÿ èçáðàë ...
situation.
ñèòúþýéøüí.
ïîëîæåíèÿ.
But I can do it
Áàò Àé êæí äóó èò
Íî ÿ ìîãó ñäåëàòü ýòî,
only working***** hard.
îóíëè wœœêèíã
õààä.
òîëüêî ðàáîòàÿ óïîðíî.
So, now I do
Ñîó, íàó Àé äóó
Òàê ÷òî, ñåé÷àñ ÿ äåëàþ
1-é ãëàãîë
↓
2-é ãëàãîë
all I can (èëè: all my best)
oîë Àé êæí (èëè: îîë ìàé áýñò)
(in order) to get a promotion.
(èí îîäý) ò ýãýò ýïðýìîóøüí.
1-é ãëàãîë
First of all, I want
Ôœœñò îâ îîë, Àé wîíò
50
1
2
âñ¸, ÷òî (ÿ) ìîãó,
÷tîáû ïîëó÷èòü ïîâûøåíèå.
1
Ïðåæäå âñåãî ÿ õî÷ó
* 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. – àíãëè÷àíå ìîãóò íå ãîâîðèòü:
ýé ýì
ïèè ýì
«10 ÷àñîâ óòðà»
èëè «6 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà».
Âìåñòî ýòèõ îáîçíà÷åíèé îíè èñïîëüçóþò ñîêðàùåíèÿ:
“a.m.” – äëÿ âðåìåíè ñ 12 ÷àñîâ íî÷è (ïîëíî÷ü) äî 12 ÷àñîâ äíÿ,
è
“p.m.” – äëÿ âðåìåíè ñ 12 ÷àñîâ äíÿ (ïîëäåíü) äî 12 ÷àñîâ íî÷è.
Tî åñòü îíè ãîâîðÿò íå «23.00», à “11 p.m.”
(= «11 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà»).
Ïðèìåðû:
2 a.m. = 2 ÷àñà íî÷è, íî: 2 p.m. = 2 ÷àñà äíÿ.
6 a.m. = 6 ÷àñîâ óòðà.
6 p.m. = 6 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà.
11 a.m. = 11 ÷àñîâ óòðà,
íî: 11 p.m. = 11 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà;
** to tell = ÒÓ òýë
–
â òðàíñêðèïöèè ÷àñòèöû “to”
to improve = ÒÓ èìïðóóâ, óêàçàíû äâå íîðìû ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ,
to go = ÒÝãîó, ïîñêîëüêó ñåãîäíÿ íà ñàìîì äåëå âîçìîæíû
äâà âàðèàíòà å¸ ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ, à èìåííî:
51
1) «ÒÓ» – ïåðåä ñëîâàìè, íà÷èíàþùèìèñÿ ñ ãëàñíûõ,
à òàêæå òîãäà, êîãäà ýòà ÷àñòèöà ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ îòäåëüíî îò ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëîâà
è ñïåöèàëüíî âûäåëÿåòñÿ ãîâîðÿùèì;
2) «ÒÝ» – ïåðåä ñëîâàìè, íà÷èíàþùèìèñÿ ñ ñîãëàñíûõ
â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà èç-çà áûñòðîòû ðå÷è
÷àñòèöà «to» ñëèâàåòñÿ –
– òî åñòü ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ ñëèòíî – ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì ñëîâîì, ïðè÷¸ì «-Ý» â ýòîì «ÒÝ»
ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé íå ÿâíîå «Ý»,
à ãëàñíûé çâóê, î÷åíü ïîõîæèé íà ðóññêîå
áåçóäàðíîå «-Î-» â ñëîâå «êÎðîâà».
(Î ôóíêöèè ÷àñòèöû “to” åù¸ ñì. êîììåíòàðèé ê òåêñòó ¹12
íà ñòð 73).
Åñëè æå ó Âàñ âîçíèêàþò êîëåáàíèÿ, êàê â òîì èëè èíîì ñëó÷àå
ïðîèçíîñèòü ýòó ÷àñòèöó, íå ìîðî÷üòå ãîëîâó íè ñåáå,
íè äðóãèì, è ñìåëî ãîâîðèòå «ÒÓ»,
òàê êàê òàêîå ïðîèçíîøåíèå âî âñåõ ñëó÷àÿõ
íå âåä¸ò íè ê êàêèì ïðîáëåìàì, òåì áîëåå, ÷òî åäèíîé
ñòðîãîé íîðìû àíãëèéñêîãî ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ â ìèðå óæå
(ê ñîæàëåíèþ?) ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ñóùåñòâóåò.
Åñòü òîëüêî îïðåäåë¸ííûå îðèåíòèðû, êîòîðûå ïðåïîäàâàòåëü
èëè ó÷àùèéñÿ âûáèðàåò ñåáå ñàì;
***
****
read and
spend time
– ïðè ïåðå÷èñëåíèè «çàíÿòèé»
ïðè ïîìîùè ãëàãîëîâ
òðåòüè, ÷åòâ¸ðòûå è ò.ä. ïî ñ÷¸òó ãëàãîëû
ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â èõ 1-é = ñëîâàðíîé ôîðìå,
òî åñòü ÁÅÇ ÷àñòèöû “to”;
detectivE storieS – íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå
(ÿ íàçûâàþ èõ «îïðåäåëåíèÿìè»)
ÍÅ èçìåíÿþòñÿ ÍÈ ïî ÷èñëàì,
ÍÈ ïî ðîäà´ì, ÍÈ ïî ïàäåæàì.
Ïðèìåðû:
nicE girlS
= ñèìïàòè÷íÛÅ äåâóøêÈ,
a small house = ìàëåíüêÈÉ äîì,
a small bench = ìàëåíüêÀß ñêàìåéêà,
I see an interesting book = ß âèæó èíòåðåñíÓÞ êíèãÓ;
52
***** workING hard – îêîí÷àíèå “+ING” ñîîòâåòñòâóåò
ðóññêèì ñóôôèêñàì «-ÓÙ-», «-ÞÙ-», «-ßÙ-», «-ÀÙ-»
èëè îêîí÷àíèþ äååïðè÷àñòèÿ «-ß».
Íàïðèìåð,
áóäó÷è ïðèñîåäèíåíî ê ãëàãîëó “WORK” = «ðàáîòàòü»,
“+ING” ïðèäà¸ò ýòîìó ãëàãîëó çíà÷åíèÿ:
à 1)
à2)
á)
}
ðàáîòàÞÙèé îïðåäåëåíèÿ;
ðàáîòàÂØèé»
ðàáîòàß = äååïðè÷àñòèå.
â) Òàêæå INGîâàÿ ôîðìà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé «îòãëàãîëüíîå
ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå» – òî åñòü ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå ñî ñìûñëîì ïðîöåññà è ñî çíà÷åíèåì ãëàãîëà, îò êîòîðîãî îíî ïðîèçâåäåíî,
íàïðèìåð:
îò “smoke” = «êóðèòü»
→ “smokING” = «êóðÅÍÈÅ»,
îò “shoot” = «ñòðåëÿòü» → “shootING” = «ñòðåëüÁÀ»,
îò “ride”
****** “
= «åçäèòü»
→ “ridING”
= «åçÄÀ»;
I have chosen” = « , (êîòîðóþ) ÿ èçáðàë»:
òî åñòü:
=
“I have + choseN” – áóêâàëüíî =
«Ó ìåíÿ + èçáðàÍà» = «ß èçáðàË»,
«Ôîðìà “HAVE” + 3-ÿ ôîðìà
ñìûñëîâîãî ãëàãîëà»
ïî÷òè âñåãäà = ðóññêîìó ïðîøåäøåìó âðåìåíè
íàïðèìåð:
ãëàãîëîâ ñîâåðøåííîãî âèäà,
have/ has
have/ has
have/ has
have/ has
have/ has
MADE
killED
EATEN
BROUGHT
noticeD
=
=
=
=
=
ÑäåëàË/-è,
ÓáèË/-è,
ÑúåË/-è,
ÏÐÈí¸ñ/-ëè,
ÇÀìåòèË/-è.
53
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹9
I can’t work at home
Àé êæíò wœœê æò õîóì
ß íå ìîãó ðàáîòàòü äîìà,
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
I have no + computer.
Àé õæâ íîó + êýìïúþóòý.
ó ìåíÿ íåò + êîìïüþòåðà.
1
That is why + I have to
Ðæò èç wàé + Àé õæâ ò ó
2
1
2
→
→
→
→
→
ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ èõ êîìïüþòåðîì.
→
→↓
Ìíå + ñëåäîâàëî áû
make* some money
ìýéê ñàì ìàíè
çàðàáîòàòü* íåìíîãî äåíåã,
to buy any computer,
ò ó áàé ýíè êýìïúþóòý,
÷tîáû êóïèò ü ëþáîé
êîìïüþòåð,
but until now
áàò àíòèë íàó
íî äo ñèõ ïîð
I couldn’t
Àé êóäíò
ÿ íå ñìîã
54
ïðèëè÷íîé ðàáîòû.
(â äàííîì ñëó÷àå ïîñëå “SHOULD” è “COULD” –
– è â èõ îòðèöàòåëüíîé ôîðìå !!!) –
íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”,
1
Âîò ïî÷åìó + ÿ äîëæåí
ãäå ìíå ðàçðåøåíî
(= ìíå ìîæíî)
use their computer.
þóç ðýý êýìïúþóòý.
I + should *
Àé + øþä
decent
job.
äèèñíò äæü¸á.
ïîñêîëüêó «ïîñëåäóþùèé» ãëàãîë
íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ «âòîðûì» (ïî ñ÷¸òó) ãëàãîëîì!
ðàáîòàò ü â íàøåé áèáëèîòåêå,
wýý Àéì ýëàóä ò ó
where I’m allowed to *
↑→
íàéòè* íèêàêîé**
* Ïîñëå ëþáûõ (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ
2
work in our library,
wœœê èí àóý ëàéáðýðè,
find* any**
ôàéíä ýíè
Âîò ñïèñîê ýòèõ (ìîäàëüíûõ)
can
could
may
might
must
will
–
–
–
–
–
–
shall –
would –
should –
needn’t
êæí
êóä
ìýé
ìàéò
ìàñò
wèë
ýëåìåíòîâ:
=
=
=
=
=
=
ìî÷ü (ôèçè÷åñêè)
ñ/ìîã, ñ/óìåë, ñ/ìîã áû, ñ/óìåë áû
ìîæíî
âîçìîæíî , ìîæåò, è
(ïðåäïîëîæåíèå)
äîëæåí/ñòâîâàòü
ïîêàçàòåëü/îáðàçîâàòåëü áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè
äëÿ âñåõ!
øÿë = ïîêàçàòåëü/îáðàçîâàòåëü áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè
òîëüêî äëÿ “I” è “We”!
wóä =
áû
øþä = äîëæåí áû , ñëåäîâàëî áû , ñëåäóåò
– íèèäíò = «íå íóæíî », «íå íàäî »
d’ rather – äðààðý =
d’ better – äáýòý =
ñêîðåå
ëó÷øå
} + than
ðæí = ..., ÷åì ...
Îñîáåííîñòè ýòèõ ↑ ýëåìåíòîâ çàêëþ÷àþòñÿ â ñëåäóþùåì:
à) ÍÈ ïåðåä íèìè, ÍÈ ïîñëå íèõ
ÍÅ óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”
(òàê êàê îíè – íå ãëàãîëû !!!);
55
á) Ê íèì ÍÅ ïðèáàâëÿþòñÿ íèêàêèå “+S” (äàæå êîãäà ðå÷ü
èä¸ò î «Í¨Ì» èëè î «ÍÅÉ»), è íèêàêèå “+ING” èëè “+(å)D”
(â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè), òàê êàê ó íèõ ÍÅÒ (they don’t have)
íè ëèö, íè âðåì¸í –
– ïîñêîëüêó ýëåìåíòû –
He
She
It
She
She
He
It
He
caN
musT
mighT
maY
woulD
shoulD
wilL
needn’t
swim
run
happen
enter
come
know
happen
come
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Îí
Îíà
Ýòî
Åé
Îíà
Åìó
Ýòî
Åìó
íå ãëàãîëû !:
óìååò
ïëàâàòü.
äîëæíà áåãàòü.
ìîæåò ïðîèçîéòè.
ìîæíî
âîéòè.
áû ïðèøëà.
áû ñëåäîâàëî çíàòü.
ïðîèçîéä¸ò.
íå íóæíî ïðèõîäèòü;
â) Âîïðîñèòåëüíûå èëè îòðèöàòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ
ýëåìåíòàìè ñòðîÿòñÿ áåç äðóæåñêîãî ó÷àñòèÿ ÷àñòèö
“Do?/don’t”, “Does?/doesn’t” èëè “Did?/didn’t”.
Âîïðîñ çàäà¸òñÿ ÑÀÌÈÌ ýëåìåíòîì (ïðè÷¸ì ýòîò «âîïðîøàþùèé» ýëåìåíò ñòàâèòñÿ â ñà´ìîì ÍÀ×ÀËÅ âîïðîñà),
´ ñëåäóåò ïðÿìî çà ýëåìåíòîì
à îòðèöàíèå “NOT”
èëè æå ïðèñîåäèíÿåòñÿ ê íåìó:
Can + he swim?
May + she enter?
He + ca´nnot swim.
She + may not́ enter.
She wouldn’t + come;
NB !!!
ã) Ýëåìåíòû ÍÅ óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì, òî åñòü
ïîñëå îäíîãî èç íèõ íåëüçÿ ïîñòàâèòü âòîðîé ýëåìåíò èç
ýòîé æå ãðóïïû, íàïðèìåð:
íåëüçÿ
ãîâîðèòü: “I will + can” èëè “He would + must”,
òàê êàê
56
ïîñëå
ýëåìåíòà äîëæåí èäòè
ãëàãîë,
à
ýëåìåíòû –
ýòî
íå ãëàãîëû !!!
 ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿõ âìåñòî ýëåìåíòîâ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ
ÒÎËÜÊÎ «çàìåíèòåëè» (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ = ãëàãîëû:
Ñìîã/ó
Ìîã/ëè áû
Ýëåìåíò + ãëàãîë.
↓
↓
=
will
+ BE ABLE TO
, ñìîã/ëè áû =
would + BE ABLE TO
èëè
=
COULD
Áûë/è áû äîëæ/-åí/-íû
ñäåëàòü
Áóä/ó äîëæåí ñäåëàòü
Áóäåò ìîæíî
ÁÓÄÅÒ íóæíî
Ãëàãîë
=
would + HAVE TO do
=
=
=
will
will
will
Ãëàãîë
+ HAVE TO do
+ BE ALLOWED TO
+ NEED TO ;
ä) Ñ ýëåìåíòàìè óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
òîëüêî ñóáúåêòíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ “I/you/he/she/it/we/they” –
–à
íå
îáúåêòíûå (êàê â ðóññêîì):
Ìíå ìîæíî
=→
I
Eé
=→
She
should
– ØÜÈ øþä.
=→
We
needn’t
– WÈ íèèäíò;
ñëåäóåò
Íàì íå íóæíî
may ...
– ÀÉ ìýé.
** Â îòðèöàòåëüíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè/ñ ëþáûì îòðèöàíèåì
(«
íå ìîãó »)
ñëîâî “any” èìååò çíà÷åíèå «íèêàêîé»:
never
+ had +
any
+ money.
I
+
Àé
+
íýâý
+ õæä +
ýíè
+ ìàíè.
Ó ìåíÿ + íèêîãäà íå + áûëî + íèêàêèõ + äåíåã.
57
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹10
can need* in his
êæí íèèä èí õèç
ìîæåò áûòü íóæíî â åãî
everyday life
ýâðèäýé ëàéô
ïîâñåäíåâíîé æèçíè
(= «êàæäîäíåâíîé»),
including
furniture
èíêëóóäèíã ôœœíè÷ý
âêëþ÷àÿ ìåáåëü
(beds, chairs, tables,
(áýäç, ÷åýç, òýéáëç,
(êðîâàòè, ñòóëüÿ, ñòîëû,
wardrobes, bookshelves,
wîîäðîóáç, áóêøüåëâç,
øêàôû, êíèæíûå ïîëêè,
etc.).
carpets
êààïèòñ èòñýòýðý).
êîâðû è ò.ä.).
Now I can tell* you
Íay Àé êæí òýë þó
Ñåé÷àñ ÿ ìîãó ðàññêàçàòü Âàì
very much about myself.
âýðè ìàò÷ ýáàóò ìàéñýëô.
î÷åíü ìíîãîå î ñåáå (ñàìî´ì).
My family has
Ìàé ôæìèëè õæç
Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ èìååò
some money,
ñàì ìàíè,
íåìíîãî äåíåã,
so we could
coy wè êóä
òàê ÷òî ìû ìîãëè
afford*
ýôîîä
ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå
That is + we have anything
Ðæò èç + wè õæâ ýíèθ èíã
To åñòü + ìû èìååì âñ¸
(= «÷òî óãîäíî»),
buying a decent house
áàéèíã ý äèèñíò õàóñ
ïîêóïêó ïðèëè÷íîãî äîìà
(ïîêóïàíèå)
(that) we want.
(ðæò) wè wîíò.
÷òî ìû õîòèì.
in our neighbourhood.
èí àóý
íýéáýõóä.
â íàøåì ìèêðîðàéîíå.
Our children have
Àóý ÷ûëäðýí õæâ
Íàøè äåòè èìåþò
(= Ó íàøèõ äåòåé åñòü)
The new house has many
Ðý íúþó õàóñ õæç ìýíè
Íîâûé äîì èìååò ìíîãî
their own rooms –
ðýý îóí ðóìç –
ñâîè ñîáñòâåíûå êîìíàòû –
wonderful rooms.
wàíäýôóë ðóìç.
âåëèêîëåïíûõ êîìíàò.
and these rooms
æíä ðèèç ðóìç
è ýòè êîìíàòû
These rooms contain
Ðèèç ðóìç êýíòýéí
Ýòè êîìíàòû ñîäåðæàò
are totally theirs.
àà òîóòýëè ðýýñ.
ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîëíîñòüþ
èõ(-íèìè).
everything that a man
ýâðèθ èíã ðæò ýìæí
âñ¸, ÷òî ÷åëîâåêó
I like books,
Àé ëàéê áóêñ,
ß ëþáëþ êíèãè
58
59
so now I finally have
coy íàó Àé ôàéíýëè õæâ
òàê ÷òî òåïåðü ÿ íàêîíåö
èìåþ (= ó ìåíÿ åñòü)
a secure place
ý ñèêúþóý ïëýéñ
íàä¸æíîå ìåñòî,
where I can keep*
wýý Àé êæí êèèï
ãäå ÿ ìîãó õðàíèòü
my library.
ìàé ëàéáðýðè.
ñâîþ áèáëèîòåêó.
1
2
Ìû äîëæíû + óáèðàò ü
our house and repair it
àóý õàóñ æíä ðèïýý èò
íàø äîì è ðåìîíòèðîâàòü åãî
in due + time.
èí äúþó + òàéì.
â íóæíîå + âðåìÿ
(= «êîãäà ýòî íåîáõîäèìî»).
Next summer
Íýêñò ñàìý
Ñëåäóþùèì ëåòîì
1
2
+ buy a new car.
+ áàé ý íúþó êàà.
1
Now we try
Íàó wè mpaé
2
unnecessary things (anymore).
àííýñèñýðè θèíãç ýíèìîî.
íåíóæíûõ âåùåé (áîëüøå).
can, could, may, might, must, will, shall, would, should, needn’t,
d’rather ,
d’better
(è â èõ îòðèöàòåëüíîé ôîðìå !!!)
íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”.
Òîëüêî ýëåìåíò “ought to ” ñàì ïî ñåáå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ
ñ ýòîé ÷àñòèöåé (“She + ought to
+ know!” =
= «Îíà + äîëæíà áû + çíàòü»);
** Åñëè àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà “-f” èëè íà “-fe”,
òî ïðè îáðàçîâàíèè åãî ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà
(òî åñòü ïðè ïðèáàâëåíèè ê åãî êîíöó “+s”)
ýòî ïîñëåäíåå “-f” ïðåâðàùàåòñÿ â→ “-v-”,
è âñ¸ îêîí÷àíèå òåïåðü óæå âûãëÿäèò êàê “-ves”
ÿ + áóäó äîëæåí +
(“knife” → “knives”
«íàéô» → «íàéâç»);
+ êóïèò ü íîâóþ ìàøèíó.
1
Ñåé÷àñ ìû ïûòàåìñÿ
***  îòðèöàòåëüíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè – òî åñòü ñ îòðèöàíèåì
(«
íå ïîêóïàåì
») ñëîâî “any” èìååò çíà÷åíèå «íèêàêîé».
2
to save every dollar,
ò ó ñýéâ ýâðè äàëý,
ñáåðå÷ü êàæäûé äîëëàð,
so
ñîó
òàê ÷òî
60
ìû íå ïîêóïàåì íèêàêèõ***
* Ïîñëå ëþáûõ ýëåìåíòî⠖ òî åñòü ïîñëå ñëîâ:
We’ve got to + clean
Wè’â ãàò ò ó + êëèèí
I + will have to +
Àé + wèë õæâ ò ó +
↑ → → →↓
we don’t buy any***
wè äîíò áàé ýíè
Ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà è ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ
çàïîìèíàéòå ñðàçó æå êàê ýêâèâàëåíòû ðóññêèì âûðàæåíèÿì!
61
she would + work***
øüè wóä + wœœê
îíà áû + ðàáîòàëà***
in some other place.
èí ñàì àðý ïëýéñ.
â êàêîì-ëèáî äðóãîì ìåñòå.
Our children go
Àóý ÷ûëäðýí ãîó
Íàøè äåòè õîäÿò
to**** school every day.
òy
ñêóóë ýâðè äýé.
â**** øêîëó êàæäûé äåíü.
There they study
Ðýý ðýé ñòàäè
Òàì îíè èçó÷àþò
â êâàðòèðå ìîåé ñåñòð’û*
a lot of +
subjects.
ýëîò îâ + ñàáäæüèêòñ.
êó÷y + ïðåäìåòîâ.
with my family
wèð ìàé ôæìèëè
ñî ñâîåé ñåìü¸é,
My son likes
Ìàé ñàí ëàéêñ
Ìîé ñûí ëþáèò
consisting of me,
êýíñèñòèíã îâ ìèè,
ñîñòîÿùåé èç ìåíÿ,
all of them,
îîë îâ ðýì,
âñå èç íèõ,
my wife and two children. ìîåé æåíû è äâîèõ äåòåé.
ìàé wàéô æíä òóó ÷ûëäðýí.
but most of all
áàò ìîóñò îâ îîë
íî áîëüøå âñåãî
I work at home,
Àé wœœê æòõîóì,
ß ðàáîòàþ äî´ìà,
he likes English.
xu ëàéêñ Èíãëèøü.
îí ëþáèò Àíãëèéñêèé.
but my wife
áàò ìàé wàéô
íî ìîÿ æåíà
Íå knows + a lot of
Õè íîóç + ýëîò îâ
Îí çíàåò + ìàññó
works abroad and
wœœêñ ýáðîîä æíä
ðàáîòàåò çà ãðàíèöåé è
English words and
Èíãëèøü wœœäç æíä
Àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ è
I don’t** think (that)
θèíê (ðæò)
Àé äîíò
ÿ íå** äóìàþ, ÷òî
verses by heart.
✜ñèç áàé õààò.
ñòèõîâ íàèçóñòü.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹11
Ýòîò òåêñò íà ñâîèõ êóðñàõ ÿ äàþ êàê äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå
ïî ïåðåâîäó óæå ïîñëå ïåðâîãî çàíÿòèÿ – íåçàâèñèìî îò ñòåïåíè ïîäãîòîâëåííîñòè èëè íåïîäãîòîâëåííîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ –
è îíè óñïåøíî ñ íèì ñàìè ñïðàâëÿþòñÿ.
Âàì æå ÿ ïðîñòî ðåêîìåíäóþ çàçóáðèòü ýòîò òåêñò ïðÿìî
öåëèêîì, îïÿòü æå – ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè – ñòàðàÿñü
âñòàâëÿòü â åãî ìèêðîôðàçû äðóãèå/ëþáûå àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà.
I live in Moscow
Àé ëèâ èí Ìîñêýó
1
2
ß æèâó â Ìîñêâå
3
in my sister’s* flat
èí ìàé ñèñòý’ñ ôëæò
62
→
3
1
2
(«íàïðàâëåíèå»)
63
My daughter learns
Ìàé äîîòý 뜜íç
Ìîÿ äî÷êà ó÷èò
French
Ôðýíò÷
Ôðàíöóçñêèé ÿçûê,
and she speaks
æíä øüè ñïèèêñ
è îíà ãîâîðèò
French ***** very well.
Ôðýíò÷
âýðè wýë.
ïî-Ôðàíöóçñêè î÷åíü õîðîøî.
My children often
Ìàé ÷ûëäðýí îôí
Ìîè äåòè ÷àñòî
ask me
ààñê ìèè
ñïðàøèâàþò ìåíÿ
about my travels
ýáàóò ìàé òðæâëç
î ìîèõ ïóòåøåñòâèÿõ,
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
1
2
I travelled a lot
Àé òðæâëä ýëîò
→
2
1
ÿ ìíîãî ïóòåøåñòâîâàë,
when I was young.
wýí Àé wîç ÿíã.
êîãäà (ÿ) áûë ìîëîäûì.
Tomorrow
Òýìîðîó
Çàâòðà
2 ñëîâà
we will go shopping
wè wèë ãîó ø¸ïèíã
64
→
1 ñëîâî
ìû ïîéä¸ì ïî ìàãàçèíàì,
→
2 ñëîâà
and I will buy
æíä Àé wèë áàé
1 ñëîâî
è ÿ êóïëþ
new trousers for me
íúþó òðàóçýç ôîî ìèè
íîâûå áðþêè äëÿ ñåáÿ
and a lot of ice-cream
æíä ýëîò îâ àéñêðèèì
è ìíîãî ìîðîæåíîãî
for them.
ôîî ðýì.
äëÿ íèõ.
We eat + a lot of
Wè èèò + ýëîò îâ
Ìû åäèì + ìíîãî
ice-cream
àéñêðèèì
ìîðîæåíîãî,
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
1
2
→
→
we like it very much.
wè ëàéê èò âýðè ìàò÷.
↑→
→
→
We ****** + should
+ øþä
Wè
→
→
→
2
1
ìû åãî î÷åíü ëþáèì.
→↓
→ Íàì + íóæíî áûëî áû
spend***
ñïýíä
ïîòðàòèòü
some money
ñàì ìàíè
íåìíîãî äåíåã,
received + by me
ðèñèèâä + áàé ìèè
ïîëó÷åííûõ + ìíîþ
65
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
Ïèñàíèå ******* êíèã
they must get up**
ðýé ìàñò ãýòan
îíè äîëæíû âñòàâàòü
makes me
ìýéêñ ìèè
äåëàåò ìåíÿ
very early.
âýðè œœëè.
î÷åíü ðàíî.
free and happy.
ôðèè æíä õæïè.
ñâîáîäíûì è ñ÷àñòëèâûì.
But I can read***
Áàò Àé êæí ðèèä
Íî ÿ ìîãó ÷èòàòü
In the evening
Èí ðý èèâíèíã
Âå÷åðîì
and write***
æíä ðàéò
è ïèñàòü
we will come back home,
wè wèë êàì áæê õîóì,
ìû âåðí¸ìñÿ îáðàòíî äîìîé,
aś long as I wańt.
æç ëîíã æç Àé wîíò.
òàê äîëãî, êàê (ÿ) õî÷ó.
read books
ðèèä áóêñ
(áóäåì) ÷èòàòü êíèæêè
I***** like
Àé
ëàéê
and watch
TV
æíä wîò÷ Òèè Âèè
è ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð,
sitting in our
ñèòèíã èí àóý
ñèäÿ â íàøèõ
comfortable armchairs,
êàìôýòýáë ààì÷åýç,
óäîáíûõ êðåñëàõ,
but not too late.
áàò íîò òóó ëýéò.
íî íå ñëèøêîì ïîçäíî.
My children + should
Ìàé ÷ûëäðýí + øþä
Ìîèì äåòÿì + íóæíî
go to bed at nine o’clock
ãîó ò óáýä æò íàéí ýêëîê
ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü â 9 ÷àñîâ,
(«èäòè â ïîñòåëü»)
for my new book.
ôîî ìàé íúþó áóê.
1
2
Books writing *******
Áóêñ ðàéòèíã
66
çà ìîþ íîâóþ êíèãó.
→
2
1
→
Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ
this + way of life
ðèñ + wýé îâ ëàéô
ýòîò + îáðàç æèçíè
(«îô æèçíü»)
and I think (that)
æíä Àé θèíê (ðæò)
è ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî
I could live*** like this
Àé êóä ëèâ
ëàéê ðèñ
ÿ ñ/ìîã áû æèòü òàê
all my******** life.
îîë ìàé
ëàéô.
âñþ ñâîþ******** æèçíü.
* Ïðè ïîìîùè “ ’s ” ïîêàçàíà «õîçÿéêà» êâàðòèðû;
** Ýòî – îäíî èç 4 àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëüíûõ «íå»
(“don’t”, “doesn’t”, “didn’t” è “won’t”);
*** Ïîñëå (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ ãëàãîë íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ;
**** Ðóññêèå è àíãëèéñêèå ïðåäëîãè ìîãóò íå ñîâïàäàòü;
67
***** Àíãëîÿçû÷íûå íå ãîâîðÿò
«ïî-Ôðàíöóçñêè» èëè «ïî-Àíãëèéñêè»
«Îíè» ïðîñòî ãîâîðÿò: “speak French”, “speak English” –
– è âñ¸!;
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹12
Ïðè èçó÷åíèè ýòîãî ↓ òåêñòà îñîáîå âíèìàíèå îáðàòèòå
íà óïîòðåáëåíèå «íåîïðåäåëåííîãî àðòèêëÿ» (“an/a”)
è âûäåëåííûõ ïðåäëîãîâ.
«ABOUT THIS
****** Â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
«Ýáàóò
«äåéñòâóåò» ÒÎËÜÊÎ ñóáúåêòíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå,
à íå îáúåêòíîå:
1
Ìíå + íóæíî óåõàòü =→
I
+ need to leave.
Åìó + ìîæíî áeãàòü =→
He
+ may run.
Íàì + ñëåäóåò âûïèòü =→
We
+ should drink;
******* Èìååòñÿ â âèäó ïðîöåññ;
******** Ó àíãëîÿçû÷íûõ
íåò
îáùåãî ñëîâà «ñâîé» –
– ïîýòîìó «îíè» âñåãäà óòî÷íÿþò, «÷åé»
Ïðè ýòîì Âàì íóæíî íàó÷èòüñÿ çàìåíÿòü íàøå ñëîâî «ñâîé»
ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì àíãëèéñêèì ñëîâîì – òî åñòü âûáèðàòü
ïðàâèëüíîå ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå (ÿ èõ íàçûâàþ
«îáÿçàòåëüíûìè îïðåäåëèòåëÿìè») ïî ñëåäóþùåé
ïîëåçíåéøåé òàáëèöå:
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
THEY
68
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
THEIR
«ÎÁ
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
ìàé
¸î
õèç
õœœ
èòñ
àóý
ðýý
ðèñ
BOOK».
áóê».
ÝÒÎÉ ÊÍÈÃÅ».
2
1
2
You want to study English.
Þó wîíò ò ó ñòàäè Èíãëèøü.
Âû õîòèòå èçó÷àò ü
Àíãëèéñêèé.
Every journey begins
Ýâðè äæüœœíè áèãèíç
Êàæäîå ïóòåøåñòâèå
íà÷èíàåòñÿ
with A small step.
wèð Ýñìîîë ñòýï.
ñ îäíîãî ìàëåíüêîãî øàãà.
This book is* one of**
Ðèñ áóê èç wàí îâ
Ýòà êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ*
îäíèì èç**
your first steps.
¸î ôœœñò ñòýïñ.
Âàøèõ ïåðâûõ øàãîâ.
It is* a normal book
Èò èç ýíîîìýë áóê
Ýòî – ü * îáû÷íàÿ êíèãà,
having a cover,
õæâèíã ýêàâý,
èìåþùàÿ îáëîæêó,
of text
400
pages
ôîî õàíäðýä ïýéäæüèç îâòýêñò
and some illustrations.
æíä ñàì èëþñòðýéøüíç.
400 ñòðàíèö òåêñòà
(«îô òåêñò»)
è íåñêîëüêî èëëþñòðàöèé.
69
This is* A new textbook.
Ðèñ èç Ýíüþó òýêñòáóê.
Ýòî – ü* íîâûé ó÷åáíèê.
I’m A student of English** ß çàíèìàþñü Àíãëèéñêèì
Àéì ýñòúþóäýíò îâ Èíãëèøü
(ÿçûêîì)**
It is* very helpful
Èò èç âýðè õýëïôóë
Îí ü* î÷åíü ïîëåçåí,
and I study it
æíä Àé ñòàäè èò
è ÿ èçó÷àþ åãî
because
áèêîîç
ïîòîìó ÷òî
at** A language school,
æò Ýëæíãwèäæü ñêóóë,
â** (îäíîé) ÿçûêîâîé øêîëe,
so,
ñîó,
òàê ÷òî,
1
1
textbooks helð people
òýêñòáóêñ õýëï ïèèïë
ó÷åáíèêè ïîìîãàþò ëþäÿì
2
2
1
to learn different sciences
ò ó 뜜í äèôðýíò ñàéýíñèç
èçó÷àò ü ðàçëè÷íûå íàóêè,
it is* + important for me** ü* + äëÿ ìåíÿ âàæíî**
èò èç + èìïîîòýíò ôîî ìèè
and this particular textbook
æíä ðèñ ïýòèêüþëý òýêñòáóê
à ýòîò êîíêðåòíûé ó÷åáíèê
to have A good textbook.
ò ó õæâ Ýãóä òýêñòáóê.
2 ñëîâà
will help + you
wèë õýëï + þó
→
1
2
to advance your English.
ò ó ýäâààíñ ¸î Èíãëèøü.
Ånglish is* not́
Èíãëèøü èç íîò
1 ñëîâî
ïîìîæåò + Âàì
1
2
1-é ãëàãîë
In the future** we all want
Èí ðýôúþó÷ý wè îoë wîíò
2-é ãëàãîë
ïðîäâèíóò ü Âàø Àíãëèéñêèé.
to have À good job but
ò ó õæâ ýãóä äæü¸á áàò
Àíãëèéñêèé – ü* íå
we + will not be able
wè + wèë íîò áèè ýéáë
2
1
2
èìåò ü õîðîøèé ó÷åáíèê.
1
 áóäóùåì** ìû âñå õîòèì
2
èìeò ü õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó, íî
1
ìû + íå ñìîæåì
2
A difficult
language,
Ý äèôèêýëò ëæíãwèäæü,
òðóäíûé ÿçûê,
to find these jobs,
ò ýôàéíä ðèèç äæü¸áç,
íàéò è (ýòè) ðàáî÷èå ìåñòà,
but like all other languages
áàò ëàéê îoë àðý ëæíãwèäæüèç
íî, êàê âñå äðóãèå ÿçûêè,
if *** we don’t *** speak
èô
wè äîíò
ñïèèê
åñëè ìû íå (áóäåì) ãîâîðèòü
A foreign language**.
Ý ôîðèí ëæíãwèäæü.
íà èíîñòðàííîì ÿçûêå**.
it needs a lot of practice. îí òðåáóåò ìíîãî ïðàêòèêè.
èò íèèäç ýëîò îâ ïðæêòèñ.
70
71
We are* A group of people,
Wè àà Ýãðóóï îâ ïèèïë,
Ìû – ü* (ýòî) ãðóïïà ëþäåé,
who are* interested
õóó àà èíòðèñòèä
êîòîðûå ü* çàèíòåðåñîâàíû
in A professional ñareer,
èí Ýïðýôýøüíë êýðèý,
â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé êàðüåðå,
so we try hard **
ñîó wè òðàé õààä
òàê ÷òî ìû
óïîðíî ñòàðàåìñÿ**,
in order to + obtain
èí îîäý ò ó + ýáòýéí
÷tîáû + ïîëó÷èò ü
best results.
áýñò ðèçàëòñ.
íàèëó÷øèå
That’s* the reason why**
Ðæòñ ðýðèèçí wàé
Âîò ïî÷åìó**
we prefer this textbook
wè ïðèôœœ ðèñ òýêñòáóê
ìû ïðåäïî÷èòàåì
ýòîò ó÷åáíèê
to other** textbooks.
ò ó àðý
òýêñòáóêñ.
äðóãèì** ó÷åáíèêàì.
ðåçóëüòàòû.
* Âñ¸ ýòî – ôîðìû ãëàãîëà “be”,
îáÿçàòåëüíûå äëÿ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ âðåìåíè äåéñòâèÿ (ñòð. 27);
** À òàêèå «ñëó÷àè» ïðîñòî çàó÷èâàéòå íàèçóñòü;
*** Ïîñëå “IF” â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû “will” è “shall”
(êðîìå óñòîÿâøåãîñÿ âûðàæåíèÿ âåæëèâîñòè
“ if you will
” = «ïîæàëóéñòà»).
72
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
TO study, TO learn, to advance, to have, to find, to obtain –
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ÷àñòèöà “ÒÎ ” ïåðåä àíãëèéñêèì ãëàãîëîì
óêàçûâàåò íà íåñîâåðøåííûé âèä ýòîãî ãëàãîëà
è ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îêîí÷àíèÿì
«-ÒÜ /-ÒÈ» íà êîíöå ðóññêîãî ãëàãîëà,
íàïðèìåð: «áåãàÒÜ», «èäÒÈ».
Îäíàêî ïîñëå íåêîòîðûõ ãëàãîëîâ òèïà “help”
(à ïîñëå [ìîäàëüíûõ] ýëåìåíòî⠖ âñåãäà!)
ïîñëåäóþùèå ãëàãîëû ìîãóò óïîòðåáëÿòüñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû “to”;
I wanT, you begiN,
–
Åñëè äåéñòâèå ïðîèñõîäèò
we helP, you neeD,
â íàñòîÿùåì âðåìåíè –
they studY, people trY,
– òî åñòü ñåé÷àñ èëè âîîáùå –
these girlS prefeR
òî ïîñëå ìåñòîèìåíèé «ß/òû/âû/ìû/îíè/»,
à òàêæå ïîñëå ñóáúåêòîâ,
ñòîÿùèõ âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå,
àíãëèéñêèå ãëàãîëû ÍÅ èçìåíÿþòñÿ.
Íî êîãäà â íàñòîÿùåì æå âðåìåíè
äåéñòâóþò «ÎíS», «ÎíàS», «ÎíîS» èëè «ÊòîS?»
(“Íe beginS, she needS, it growS”)
èëè åù¸ êàêîé-íèáóäü ñóáúåêò,
ñòîÿùèé â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå (íàïðèìåð: «Ìîé êîò»),
òî ê êîíöó ãëàãîëà íóæíî ïðèáàâëÿòü
îêîí÷àíèå “+(e)S” = ðóññêîìó «-åÒ/-èÒ»,
íàïðèìåð: “Íe runS” = «Îí áåãàåÒ/ áåæèÒ»;
DON’T speak – Òàì, ãäå åñòü îòðèöàíèå ñ ãëàãîëîì –
– òî åñòü ïðèñóòñòâóåò àíãëèéñêàÿ îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà =
= îäíî èç 4 àíãëèéñêèõ « ÍÅ »
(íàïðèìåð, « ÍÅ çíàþò»),
ñàì àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë âîîáùå íèêîãäà ÍÅ èçìåíÿåòñÿ
(= doesn’t changE),
73
à
èçìåíÿåòñÿ/çàìåíÿåòñÿ
òîëüêî
(DON’T
ñàìà
îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ
, DOESN’T
Íàñò. âðåìÿ
â çàâèñèìîñòè îò òîãî,
ÊÒÎ è/ëè
ÿçû÷íûå ïîëüçóþòñÿ ïðåêðàñíûì çàìåñòèòåëåì/çàìåíèòåëåì ýëåìåíòà “CAN” =
(ïî ÂÐÅÌÅÍÀÌ !!!)
, DIDN’T
Ïðîø.
↑
÷àñòèöà
èëè WON’T
Áóä.
= ãëàãîëüíûì îáîðîòîì “BE ABLE TO
)
↓
÷åãî-òî «ÍÅ äåëà »;
WILL helP,
WILL NOT be able to
– óñâîéòå, ïîæàëóéñòà,
÷òî ýëåìåíò “WILL”
(è åãî îòðèöàòåëüíûå ôîðìû “WILL NO´ T → WON’T”) –
– ýòî êîíêðåòíûå ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè,
êîòîðûå âñåãäà ñòîÿò ïåðåä ãëàãîëîì.
Ïîñëå ýëåìåíòà «WILL» ñàì ãëàãîë â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå
îñòà¸òñÿ íåèçìåí¸ííûì, íàïðèìåð:
“I’LL knoW” = “I WILL
knoW”,
´
“I WON’T knoW” = “I WILL NOT knoW”.
Êðîìå ýòîãî, õî÷ó äîïîëíèòåëüíî îáðàòèòü âàøå âíèìàíèå
´ BE ABLE TO ”.
íà îáîðîò “WILL (NOT)
«Wèë (íîò) áèè ýéáë òó ».
Ýòî – åäèíñòâåííàÿ âîçìîæíîñòü «îáðàçîâàíèÿ áóäóùåãî
âðåìåíè» äëÿ ýëåìåíòà “CAN” – «êæí» = «ÌÎ×Ü», òàê êàê ñàì
àíãëèéñêèé ýëåìåíò “CAN” ÍÅ èìååò ñâîåé ôîðìû áóäóùåãî
âðåìåíè (âåäü ýëåìåíòû ÍÅ óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì, ïîýòîìó îáðàçîâàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû
“will/shall” è íåëüçÿ ñòàâèòü ïåðåä ýëåìåíòîì “can” !!!).
Ïîýòîìó, ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü «Ñ+ìîãó», «Ñ+ìîæåøü», «Ñ+ìîæåì», «Ñ+ìîãóò» è ò. ä. (òî åñòü â áóäóùåì âðåìåíè), àíãëî74
÷òî, ñîáñòâåííî, çíà÷èò
«ÁÛÒÜ â ñîñòîÿíèè
→ → → →
ÊÎÃÄÀ
”,
(ñ/äåëàòü ÷òî-òî)».
À ïîñêîëüêó åäèíñòâåííîé èçìåíÿåìîé ñîñòàâëÿþùåé â
ýòîì îáîðîòå ÿâëÿåòñÿ (is) ãëàãîë “BE”, òî ìû çàîäíî ïîâòîðèì è åãî âîçìîæíûå ôîðìû ïðÿìî â ñîñòàâå ýòîãî æå âåëèêîëåïíîãî îáîðîòà:
Âðåìÿ !
↓
I
AM (not)
èëè
You ARE (not)
He IS
(not)
She IS
(not)
It
IS
(not)
We ARE (not)
They ARE (not)
able to
= I’m
able to
able to
able to
able to
able to
able to
=
=
=
=
=
=
(not)
You’re (not)
He’s
(not)
She’s (not)
It’s
(not)
We’re (not)
They’re (not)
I, he, she, it WAS (not) able to
You, we, they WERE (not) able to
Âñå WILL BE able to
= I’ll be
=
=
=
=
=
=
You
He
She
It
We
They
=
=
aren’t
isn’t
isn’t
isn’t
aren’t
aren’t
wasn’t
weren’t
è ò. ä., èëè =
won’t be
Ãîñïîäà è äðóçüÿ!
Çàéäèòå èç ëþáîïûòñòâà íà ìîé ñàéò
www.dragunkin-shop.ru !!!
Íå ïîæàëååòå !!!
75
→ → → → → → →
↑
↓
any** professional career
íèêàêîé** ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé
ýíè
ïðýôýøüíë êýðèý
êàðüåðû
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹13
 ýòîì òåêñòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå îáðàòèòå
íà íàëè÷èå “to” ïåðåä «2-ìè ãëàãîëàìè» !!!
1-é ãëàãîë
2-é ãëàãîë
I decided to start
Àé äèñàéäèä ò ó ñòààò
1
2
ß ðåøèë íà÷àò ü
a new phase in my* life. íîâóþ ôàçó (â) ñâîåé* æèçíè.
ýíúþó ôýéç èí ìàé ëàéô.
1
2
1-é ãëàãîë 2-é ãëàãîë
I want to improve my* English
Àé wîíò ò ó èìïðóóâ ìàé Èíãëèøü
ß õî÷ó óëó÷øèòü ñâîé*
Àíãëèéñêèé
1
1
so that + I will be able
ñîó ðæò + Àé wèë áèè ýéáë
2
òàê ÷òî + ÿ ñìîãó
(«ÿ áóäó â ñîñòîÿíèè»)
3
2
to speak and to read English
ò ýñïèèê æíä ò ó ðèèä Èíãëèøü
3
ãîâîðèò ü è ÷èòàò ü
ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
without English.
wèðàóò Èíãëèøü.
áåç Àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà.
That’s why
Ðæò’ñ wàé
Âîò ïî÷åìó
both my success and my career
áîóθ ìàé ñýêñýñ æíä ìàé êýðèý
è ìîé óñïåõ, è ìîÿ êàðüåðà
depend on my progress
äèïýíä îí ìàé ïðîãðýñ
çàâèñÿò îò ìîåãî ïðîãðåññà
in English.
èí Èíãëèøü.
â Àíãëèéñêîì.
Yesterday I went shopping Â÷åðà ÿ ïîø¸ë ïî ìàãàçèíàì,
Åñòýäýé Àé wýíò ø¸ïèíã
1-é ãëàãîë
2-é ãëàãîë
1
2
since I wanted to buy
ñèíñ Àé wîíòèä ò ýáàé
ïîñêîëüêó (ÿ) õîòåë êóïèò ü
some new dictionary
ñàì íúþó äèêøüíýðè
êàêîé-íèáóäü íîâûé ñëîâàðü
ìåæäóíàðîäíûì ÿçûêîì
for my English course.
ôîî ìàé Èíãëèøü êîîñ.
äëÿ ìîèõ êóðñîâ Àíãëèéñêîãî.
Number 1.
Íàìáý wàí.
¹1.
Our teacher told us
Àóý òûû÷ý òîóëä àñ
You cańnot make
Þó êæíîò ìýéê
Âû íå ìîæåòå ñäåëàòü
↓
to try and to find
ò ýòðàé æíä ò ýôàéíä
very
fluently.
âýðè ôëþóýíòëè.
î÷åíü áåãëî.
English is our
Èíãëèøü èç àóý
Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ÿâëÿåòñÿ
íàøèì
International
Language
Èíòýíæøüíë Ëæíãwèäæü
76
(any)
1
2
3
Íàø ïðåïîäàâàòåëü 1
ñêàçàë íàì
2
3
ïîñòàðàò üñÿ íàéò è
77
some new textbook.
ñàì íúþó òýêñòáóê.
1
2
êàêîé-íèáóäü íîâûé ó÷åáíèê.
1
such a good opportunity
ñàò÷ ý ãóä ýïýòúþóíèòè
òàêóþ õîðîøóþ
âîçìîæíîñòü
He advised us to look for
Õè ýäâàéçä àñ ò ó ëóê ôîî
Îí ïîñîâåòîâàë
2
íàì ïîèñêàò ü
to check the quality
ò ýò÷ýê ðý êwîëèòè
ïðîâåðèò ü êà÷åñòâî
(÷toáû)
some textbook
ñàì òýêñòáóê
êàêîé-íèáóäü ó÷åáíèê,
of this famous and
îâ ðèñ ôýéìýñ æíä
ýòîãî èçâåñòíîãî è
(«îô ýòîò»)
based on
áýéñò îí
îñíîâàííûé íà
brilliant method.
áðèëüýíò ìýθ ýä.
áëåñòÿùåãî ìåòîäà.
the «New Russian Method»
ðý «Íúþó Ðàøüí Ìýθýä»
«Íîâîì Ðóññêîì ìåòîäå»,
I called my friend,
Àé êîîëä ìàé ôðýíä
ß ïîçâîíèë ñâîåìó äðóãó,
(«ìîåìó»)
created – êðèýéòèä
by A. Dragunkin – áàé
↑
↑
Êåì? → → → →
ñîçäàííîì
Àëåêñàíäðîì Äðàãóíêèíûì.
This «New Russian Method»
Ðèñ «Íúþó Ðàøüí Ìýθýä»
Ýòîò «Íîâûé Ðóññêèé ìåòîä»
is the best way
èç ðýáýñò wýé
ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèëó÷øåé
âîçìîæíîñòüþ
to learn English
ò ý뜜í Èíãëèøü
(÷toáû) èçó÷èò ü Àíãëèéñêèé
and went shopping together. è âìåñòå
ïîøëè ïî ìàãàçèíàì.
æíä wýíò ø¸ïèíã òýãýðý.
very quickly
âýðè êwèêëè
î÷åíü áûñòðî
* Íó íåò ó «íèõ» îáùåãî ñëîâà «ñâîé»! –
and very successfully.
æíä âýðè ñýêñýñôóëè.
è î÷åíü óñïåøíî.
1
1
2
1
2
we agreed to meet
wè ýãðèèä ò ýìèèò
ìû ñîãëàñèëèñü âñòðåòèò üñÿ
in the centre + of the city.
èí ðýñýíòý + îâ ðýñèòè.
â öåíòðå + ãîðîäà
(«îô ãîðîä»).
We met
Wè ìýò
Ìû âñòðåòèëèñü
– ïîýòîìó àíãëîÿçû÷íûå âñåãäà óòî÷íÿþò, «÷åé»
2
I’m very glad to have
Àéì âýðè ãëæä ò ýõæâ
78
(òîì ñàì́îì)
ß î÷åíü ðàä èìåò ü
** Â îòðèöàòåëüíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè / ñ îòðèöàíèåì
(«
íå ìîæåòå
;
»)
ñëîâî “any” èìååò çíà÷åíèå «íèêàêîé».
79
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹14
1
Çäåñü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå îáðàòèòå íà ñëîâà è âûðàæåíèÿ,
ðàñïîëîæåííûå â íà÷àëå òåêñòà
è âûäåëåííûå îäèíàêîâûì îáðàçîì.
Ïî íèì Âû ìîæåòå óáåäèòüñÿ â òîì, ÷òî äëÿ òîãî,
÷òîáû ïîëó÷àòü íîâûå ïðàâèëüíûå àíãëèéñêèå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ,
Âàì çà÷àñòóþ äîñòàòî÷íî ïðîñòî áðàòü èç ñëîâàðÿ
ëþáûå (äðóãèå) ñëîâà!!!
third
lesson
θœœä
ëåñí
òðåòüåãî óðîêà
èëè:
Before your
fourth
lesson
¸î
ôîîθ
ëåñí
= Áèôîî
→ Ïåðåä òâîèì ÷åòâ¸ðòûì óðîêîì
of English →
îâ Èíãëèøú →
Àíãëèéñêîãî
After
my
= Ààôòý ìàé
Ïîñëå ìîåãî
I
Àé
ÿ
can
êæí
ìîãó
can
→ you
þó
êæí
→ òû ìîæåøü
almost everything
îîëìîóñò ýâðèθèíã,
(that)* I/you
(ðæò) Àé/þó
1
2
2
of English
îâ Èíãëèøü
Àíãëèéñêîãî
already
say
in English →
îîëðýäè
ñýé
èí Èíãëèøü
óæå
ñêàçàòü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè →
èëè:
already
sing
in Chinese
îîëðýäè
ñèíã
èí ×àéíèèç
óæå
ñïåòü ïî-Êèòàéñêè
1
ÿ + áóäó (áûòü) â ñîñòîÿíèè
(= «ÿ + ñìîãó»)
2
2
speak English
fluently
ãîâîðèò ü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè áåãëî,
ñïèèê Èíãëèøü ôëþóýíòëè
3
âñå ñâîè (= ìîè) ìûñëè.
That is
Ðæò èç
To åñòü
1
I + will be able to**
Àé + wèë áèè ýéáë ò ó
2
1
ÿ + áóäó â ñîñòîÿíèè
(= «ÿ + ñìîãó»)
2
say in English
ñýé èí Èíãëèøü
ñêàçàò ü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
practically everything.
ïðæêòèêýëè ýâðèθ èíã.
ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñ¸.
÷òî* ÿ/òû
because I want to make a career.
áèêîîç Àé wîíò òó ìýéê ý êýðèý.
1
2
õî÷ó/õî÷åøü ñêàçàò ü/ñïåò ü.
Very soon
Âýðè ñóóí
Î÷åíü ñêîðî
è âûðàæàò ü íà ýòîì ÿçûêå
all my thoughts.
îîë ìàé θîîòñ.
This can be very important
Ðèñ êæí áèè âýðè èìïîîòýíò
1
3
and to express in this language
æíä ò ó èêñïðýñ èí ðèñ ëæíãwèäæú
ïî÷òè âñ¸,
want to say / to sing.
wîíò òýñýé / òýñèíã.
80
I + will be able to**
Àé + wèë áèè ýéáë ò ó
And to do this
Æíä ò y äóó ðèñ
1
I need
Àé íèèä
2
Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü
î÷åíü âàæíî,
1
2
ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ õî÷ó ñäåëàòü
êàðüåðó.
À ÷toáû ñäåëàò ü ýòî,
1
ìíå íóæíî
↑
↓→ → → → → → → →↑
81
2
2
1
2
1
2
to know English very well.
ò y íîó Èíãëèøü âýðè wýë.
çíàò ü Àíãëèéñêèé
î÷åíü õîðîøî.
There I will try to find Òàì ÿ ïîñòàðàþñü íàéò è
Ðýý Àé wèë òðàé ò ó ôàéíä
My brother and my sister
Ìàé áðàðý æíä ìàé ñèñòý
Ìîè áðàò è ñåñòðà
a new text-book based
ý íúþó òýêñòáóê áýéñò
íîâûé ó÷åáíèê, îñíîâàííûé
learn English, too***
뜜í Èíãëèøü, òóó
èçó÷àþò Àíãëèéñêèé òîæå***,
on the method created
îí ðýìýθýä êðèýéòèä
íà ìåòîäå, ñîçäàííîì
1
2
1
because they want to travel.
áèêîîç ðýé wîíò ò ýòðæâë.
ïîòîìó ÷òî îíè õîòÿò 2
ïóòåøåñòâîâàò ü.
Every year they go
Ýâðè éèý ðýé ãîó
Êàæäûé ãîä îíè åçäÿò
to some country
ò y ñàì êàíòðè
â êàêóþ-íèáóäü ñòðàíó
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1
1
where they + have to +
wýý ðýé + õæâ ò ó +
ãäå îíè + äîëæíû +
2
2
+ speak English
+ ñïèèê Èíãëèøü
+ ãîâîðèò ü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè,
because local people
áèêîîç ëîóêë ïèèïë
ïîòîìó ÷òî ìåñòíûå ëþäè
1
2
don’t speak Russian yet.
äîíò ñïèèê Ðàøüí åò.
→
2 ñëîâà
Today I will go
Òýäýé Àé wèë ãîó
1
2
to my friend’s book-store.
òó ìàé ôðýíä’ç áóêñòîî.
82
→
→
2 + 1
åù¸ íå ãîâîðÿò ïî-Ðóññêè.
1 ñëîâî
Ñåãîäíÿ ÿ ïîéäó
2
â êíèæíûé ìàãàçèí
1
ìîåãî äðóã’à.
Êåì?
↓
bó**** Alexander Dragunkin. Àëåêñàíäðîì Äðàãóíêèíûì.
áàé
Àëåêñàíäý Äðàãóíêèí.
They say *****
Ðýé ñýé
Ãîâîðÿò*****,
that this method
ðæò ðèñ ìýθýä
÷òî ýòîò ìåòîä
of teaching English
îâ òûû÷ûíã Èíãëèøü
ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ Àíãëèéñêîãî
(«îô ïðåïîäàâàíèå»)
1
can help us
êæí õýëï àñ
2
1
ìîæåò ïîìî÷ü íàì
2
to learn correct English
ò ó 뜜í êýðýêò Èíãëèøü
âûó÷èò ü ïðàâèëüíûé
Àíãëèéñêèé
very quickly.
âýðè êwèêëè.
î÷åíü áûñòðî.
After that
Ààôòý ðæò
Ïîñëå ýòîãî
I will go shopping.
Àé wèë ãîó ø¸ïèíã.
ÿ ïîéäó ïî ìàãàçèíàì.
83
I will visit some shops
Àé wèë âèçèò ñàì ø¸ïñ
1
2
ß çàéäó â íåñêîëüêî
ìàãàçèíîâ,
1
 íåêîòîðûõ ñèòóàöèÿõ ýòî ìîæåò áûòü î÷åíü «ïîõîæå»
íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê:
2
where I will try to buy
wýý Àé wèë òðàé ò ó áàé
ãäå ÿ ïîñòàðàþñü êóïèò ü
a new disk
ý íúþó äèñê
íîâûé äèñê
with my favourite songs.
wèð ìaé ôýéâðèò ñîíãç.
ñ ìîèìè ëþáèìûìè ïåñíÿìè.
«ü Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî
Ìîæíî ñïîêîéíî ñêàçàòü: “... almost everything I want to say”;
** Ïîìíèì, ÷òî ïî-àíãëèéñêè íåëüçÿ ñêàçàòü “I will can”,
òàê êàê ýëåìåíò ïîñëå ýëåìåíòà óïîòðåáëÿòü
→ → →
***** Â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü ñóáúåêò
(òî åñòü äåéñòâóþùåå ëèöî).
Ïîýòîìó â íàøè «áåçëè÷íûå» âûðàæåíèÿ
ÍÅÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÜÍÎ
äëÿ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ â ðàçãîâîðíîì àíãëèéñêîì.
↑
2
to be loveD
+
BY+you!”.
ò ó áèè ëàâÄ
+
ÁÀÉ þó!»
áûò ü ëþáÈÌîé + òî+ÁÎÉ!» =
= «ß õî÷ó, ÷òîáû òû ìåíÿ ëþáèë!»
(ïåëà Ìýðèëèí Ìîíðî);
* Ñëîâî “that” – «ðæò» = «..., ÷òî ...»
Ïîýòîìó àíãëîÿçû÷íûå è
1
“I want
«Àé wîíò
«ß õî÷ó
íåëüçÿ.
↓
çàìåíÿþò âòîðîé ýëåìåíò→ ãëàãîëîì (= “be able to
» èëè «ü Ïèøóò, ÷òî
»
àíãëîÿçû÷íûå âñòàâëÿþò ìåñòîèìåíèå «Îíè» = “They”,
è òîãäà ýòè âûðàæåíèÿ çâó÷àò ïî-àíãëèéñêè óæå êàê
«Îíè ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî
è «Îíè ïèøóò, ÷òî
» (“They say that
» (“They write that
”)
”).
”);
*** Àãëèéñêîå ñëîâå÷êî “too” – «ò yy» = «òîæå», «òàêæå»
âñåãäà ñòàâèòñÿ â ñàìûé êîíåö
âûñêàçûâàíèÿ èëè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
(èëè èõ ñìûñëîâîé ÷àñòè).
Êðîìå ýòîãî, “ , too.” âñåãäà îòäåëÿåòñÿ çàïÿòîé;
**** Åñëè ÷òî-òî ñäåëàíî/ñîçäàíî êåì-òî (èëè ÷åì-òî),
òî óêàæèòå íà ýòîãî «êîãî-òî»
ñëîâå÷êîì/ïðåäëîãîì “BY” – «ÁÀÉ».
84
85
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹15
“I
«Àé
LIVE IN THIS
ëèâ
èí
ðèñ
OLD
îóëä
CITY”.
ñèòè».
«ß ÆÈÂÓ Â ÝÒÎÌ ÑÒÀÐÎÌ ÃÎÐÎÄÅ».
My father and my mother
Ìàé ôààðý æíä ìàé ìàðý
Ìîè ìàòü è îòåö
don’t work
äîíò wœœê
íå ðàáîòàþò,
and my brother and my sister
æíä ìàé áðàðý æíä ìàé ñèñòý
à ìîé áðàò è ìîÿ ñåñòðà
study English.
ñòàäè Èíãëèøü.
èçó÷àþò Àíãëèéñêèé.
They can speak*** English
Ðýé êæí ñïèèê
Èíãëèøü
Îíè ìîãóò ãîâîðèòü
ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
î÷åíü õîðîøî.
I live in this old city.
Àé ëèâ èí ðèñ îóëä ñèòè.
ß æèâó â ýòîì ñòàðîì ãîðîäå.
We have + many
Wè õæâ + ìýíè
Ó íàñ (åñòü) + ìíîãî
(«Ìû èìååì ... + ...»)
beautiful
streets
áúþóòèôóë ñòðèèòñ
êðàñèâûõ óëèö
very well.
âýðè wýë.
and buildings.
æíä áèëäèíãç.
è çäàíèé.
We have + a big flat
Wè õæâ + ýáèã ôëæò
We have +
Wè õæâ +
Òàêæå* + ó íàñ åñòü +
and we don’t want to leave
æíä wè äîíò wîíò ò ó ëèèâ
è ìû íå õîòèì ïîêèäàò ü
one river, too*.
wàí ðèâý, òóó*.
îäíà ðåêà*.
our city.
àóý ñèòè.
íàø ãîðîä.
We often swim in it**.
Wè îôí ñwèì èí èò.
Ìû ÷àñòî ïëàâàåì â íåé**.
You live in that new city
Þó ëèâ èí ðæò íúþó ñèòè
Òû æèâ¸øü â òîì íîâîì
ãîðîäå,
Every morning we eat bread
Ýâðè ìîîíèíã wè èèò áðýä
Êàæäîå óòðî ìû åäèì õëåá
and you have no river there*.
æíä þó õæâ íîó ðèâý ðýý.
è ó âàñ òàì íåò ðåêè*.
and drink milk –
æíä äðèíê ìèëê –
è ïü¸ì ìîëîêî –
My family lives here, too*.
Ìàé ôæìèëè ëèâç õèý, òóó*.
Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ òîæå* æèâ¸ò
çäåñü*.
– this helps us
– ðèñ õýëïñ àñ
Êðàòêî!
86
1
1
2
Ó íàñ + áîëüøàÿ êâàðòèðà
(«Ìû èìååì + ...»),
2
1
Äîëãî!
3
We like* it** very much.
Wè ëàéê èò âýðè ìàò÷.
1-é ãëàãîë
→
1
3
2
2
Ìû åãî** î÷åíü ëþáèì*.
1
– ýòî ïîìîãàåò íàì
87
2-é ãëàãîë
to be healthy.
ò ó áèè õýëθè.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹16
2
áûò ü çäîðîâûìè.
“MY THOUGHTS”
«Ìàé
* Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ
â ðóññêîì è â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ;
I have * my lectures every day.
Àé õæâ ìàé ëåêò÷ýç ýâðè äýé.
** «Ðåêà» – íå æåíùèíà, «ãîðîä» – íå ìóæ÷èíà,
ïîýòîìó î íèõ ïî-àíãëèéñêè ãîâîðÿò “it”;
*** Ïîñëå (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ (“
can speak
íå ñòàâèòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”.
”)
→ ↑
Êðîìå ýòîãî, âñïîìíèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ÷òî «îíè»
íå ãîâîðÿò «ïî-àíãëèéñêè» –
– «îíè» ïðîñòî “speak English” !
88
θîîòñ».
1
2
I have to * + work hard
Àé õæâ ò ó + wœœê õààä
1
2
«ÌÎÈ ÌÛÑËÈ».
Ó ìåíÿ* çàíÿòèÿ
êàæäûé äåíü.
1
2
ß äîëæåí* + òðóäèò üñÿ
óïîðíî,
1
2
if I want to achieve
èô Àé wîíò ò ó ý÷ûûâ
åñëè ÿ õî÷ó äîáèò üñÿ
something in this life.
ñàìθèíã èí ðèñ ëàéô.
÷åãî-íèáóäü â ýòîé æèçíè.
My brother is**
Ìàé áðàðý èç
Ìîé áðàò ÿâëÿåòñÿ**
à representative
ý ðýïðèçýíòýòèâ
ü ïðåäñòàâèòåëåì
of a big foreign company
îâ ýáèã ôîðèí êàìïýíè
áîëüøîé èíîñòðàííîé ôèðìû,
(«îô áîëüøàÿ »)
paper.
that produces
ðæò ïðýäúþóñèç ïýéïý.
êîòîðàÿ ïðîèçâîäèò áóìàãó.
He is** a good specialist
ýãóä ñïýøüåëèñò
Õè èç
Îí –** õîðîøèé ñïåöèàëèñò
in this field,
èí ðèñ ôèèëä,
â äàííîé îáëàñòè,
89
but + he has + problems
áàò + õè õæç + ïðîáëåìç
íî + ó íåãî åñòü + ïðîáëåìû
of teaching a foreign language. ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ
îâ òûû÷ûíã ýôîðèí ëæíãwèäæü.
èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà.
with foreign languages.
ñ èíîñòðàííûìè ÿçûêàìè.
wèð ôîðèí ëæíãwèäæüèç.
Here are + our textbooks
Õèý àà + àóý òýêñòáóêñ
Âîò + íàøè ó÷åáíèêè
If he knew*** English
Èô õè íúþó
Èíãëèøü
Åñëè áû îí çíàë Àíãëèéñêèé
based ****** on this method.
áýéñò
îí ðèñ ìýθýä.
íà áàçå ýòîãî ìåòîäà
(= «îñíîâàííûå íà
better than + he does****,
áýòý ðæí + õè äàç,
ëó÷øå, ÷åì + îí çíàåò,
They have
Ðýé õæâ
Îíè èìåþò
he would earn*****
õè wóä œœí
îí áû ïîëó÷àë*****
a very good reputation.
ý âýðè ãóä ðýïúþòýéøüí.
î÷åíü õîðîøóþ ðåïóòàöèþ.
twice more.
òwàéñ ìîî.
â äâà ðàçà áîëüøå.
I’m not
a genius,
Àéì íîò ýäüæüèíüåñ,
ß – íå ãåíèé,
but I can learn
áàò Àé êæí 뜜í
íî ÿ ìîãó âûó÷èòü
English very quickly
Èíãëèøü âýðè êwèêëè
Àíãëèéñêèé î÷åíü áûñòðo,
since here in Russia
ñèíñ õèý èí Ðàøÿ
ïîòîìó ÷òî çäåñü, â Ðîññèè
we have the “New Russian
wè õæâ ðý «Íúþó Ðàøüí
ó íàñ åñòü «Íîâûé Ðóññêèé
Method”, that is
Ìýθýä», ðæò èç
ìåòîä», êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ
* Ñðàâíèòå 2 ðàçíûõ çíà÷åíèÿ ãëàãîëà “have”;
** Óïîòðåáëåíèå ãëàãîëà “be” èëè åãî ôîðì îáÿçàòåëüíî!;
*** IF he KNEW ... = ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ îí ÇÍÀË ... – ñëîâå÷êî
“IF” èìååò äâà çíà÷åíèÿ:
«ÅÑËÈ» è «ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ»;
**** ... better than he DOES – â äàííîì ñëó÷àå ãëàãîë “do”
â ôîðìå “DOES” →
↓
(òîò ñàìûé)
the most
efficient method ñàìûì ýôôåêòèâíûì ìåòîäîì
ðýìîóñò èôèøüåíò ìýθýä
90
»).
ÇÀÌÅÙÀÅÒ ñëîâî “KNOWS”.
Ýòî ÿâëåíèå çàìåùåíèÿ âñòðå÷àåòñÿ î÷åíü ÷àñòî
è ÿâëÿåòñÿ íîðìîé;
***** Âèäèòå: ïî-ðóññêè ãëàãîë ñòîè´ò â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè
(= « ïîëó÷àë »),
à ïî-àíãëèéñêè ãëàãîë íå èçìåí¸í,
òàê êàê
ïîñëå ëþáîãî ýëåìåíòà (â òîì ÷èñëå è ïîñëå “would”)
àíãëèéñêèé
ãëàãîë íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ !!!;
91
****** baseD on ... – ýòî 3-ÿ ôîðìà «ïðàâèëüíîãî» ãëàãîëà
“base” – «áýéñ» = «îñíîâûâàòü(-ñÿ)»,
òî åñòü ýòî – ïàññèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå,
ïðîèçâåä¸ííîå èç ýòîãî æå ãëàãîëà.
Ó «ïðàâèëüíûõ» ãëàãîëîâ
ýòà 3-ÿ ôîðìà (= ïàññèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå)
îáðàçóåòñÿ «ïðàâèëüíî»
(= “+(e)D”),
à ó «íåïðàâèëüíûõ» ãëàãîëîâ
å¸ íóæíî ãîòîâîé
áðàòü èç 3-ãî ñòîëáèêà
ëþáîé «Òàáëèöû íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ» –
– ïîýòîìó-òî ýòà ôîðìà è íàçûâàåòñÿ «3-åé»!,
íàïðèìåð:
baseD on
= îñíîâÀÍ/-íûé íà
wantED
= æåëàÅÌ/-ûé; æåëÀÍ/-íûé
regardED
= ðàññìàòðèâàÅÌ/-ûé
fillED
= íàïîëíÅÍ/-íûé
constructED
= ïîñòðîÅÍ/-íûé
brought
= ïðèíåñ¨Í/-íûé
eateN
= ñúåäÅÍ/-íûé
takeN
= âçÿÒ/-ûé
killED
= óáèÒ/-ûé.
Íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ:
I, you, we, they HAVE
= Ó
He, she, it, my dog HAS
Ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they HAD =
= Ó
ÁÛË/-à/-î/-è
Áóäóùåå âðåìÿ:
»
Òî æå ñàìîå îíè äåëàþò è â äðóãèõ âðåìåíàõ:
è:
«ß èìåë ...» âìåñòî «Ó
«ß áóäó èìåòü »
ìåíÿ áûë
»,
âìåñòî «Ó ìåíÿ áóäåò
».
«ÈÌÅÒÜ» ïî-àíãëèéñêè “HAVE” – «ÕÆ»,
è âîò âñå ôîðìû ýòîãî îáû÷íîãî ãëàãîëà,
ðàçäåë¸ííûå ïî âðåìåíàì:
92
I, you, he, she, it, we, they WILL HAVE =
= Ó ÁÓÄ/-åò/-óò;
2) ProperLY, quickLY – îêîí÷àíèå “+LY”
ïðèíàäëåæèò íàðå÷èþ
è ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ðóññêèì îêîí÷àíèÿì «+λ èëè «+È»:
íåæíÎ
ãðîìêÎ
ðàíÎ
òåõíè÷åñêÈ
3) IF he KNEW
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
1) I HAVE, he HAS, we HAVE –
– àíãëè÷àíå âìåñòî «Ó ìåíÿ åñòü
».
ãîâîðÿò «ß èìåþ
ÅÑÒÜ
=
=
=
=
tenderLY
loudLY
earLY
tecnicalLY;
= ÅÑËÈ (ÁÛ) îí ÇÍÀË –
– ñëîâå÷êî “IF” èìååò äâà çíà÷åíèÿ:
«ÅÑËÈ» è «ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ».
Íþàíñû:
à) Êàê è â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå, ñ “if” â åãî çíà÷åíèè «ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ»
ñî÷åòàåòñÿ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÏÐÎØÅÄØÅÅ ÂÐÅÌß ãëàãîëà,
òî åñòü åãî 2-ÿ ôîðìà (= «Ãëàãîë+(å)D» ó ïðàâèëüíûõ
ãëàãîëîâ, è îñîáàÿ äëÿ êàæäîãî ãëàãîëà ó íåïðàâèëüíûõ);
á) Â
î÷åíü
ïðàâèëüíîì àíãëèéñêîì ïîñëå “if” â åãî
çíà÷åíèè «ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ»
ãëàãîë “BE” óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ
ÒÎËÜÊÎ â ôîðìå “WERE”
(à íå “was”)
íåçàâèñèìî îò ëèöà, òî åñòü:
93
Åñëè áû ÿ
ÁÛË ë¸ò÷èêîì =→ IF I
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹17
WERE a pilot.
Åñëè áû îí ÁÛË ó÷èòåëåì =→ IF he WERE a teacher.
Íî êàê ÷åñòíûé ÷åëîâåê ÿ äîëæåí îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ëè÷íî âñòðå÷àëñÿ è ñ ðåçêî îòðèöàòåëüíûì îòíîøåíèåì ìîëîäûõ àíãëîãîâîðÿùèõ ê ýòîìó ïðàâèëó – îíè ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî óïîòðåáëÿòü ïîñëå “if” (= «åñëè áû») òîëüêî ñëîâî “were” –
– ýòî ÷èñòûé ñíîáèçì!
Ïîýòîìó íå óäèâëÿéòåñü, åñëè Âû â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå óñëûøèòå
ôðàçó “If I was ” – ýòî, âîçìîæíî, íå îøèáêà, à ïîçèöèÿ
(òåíäåíöèÿ ?!);
â) Ñî ñëîâå÷êîì “IF” íè â îäíîì èç åãî çíà÷åíèé
â ñîâðåìåííîì àíãëèéñêîì ÍÅ óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû “will/shall”:
“IF I come”
– çíà÷èò è «Åñëè ÿ
è «Åñëè ÿ
“IF HE comeS” – çíà÷èò è «Åñëè îí
è «Åñëè îí
ïðèÕÎÆÓ»,
ïðèÄÓ».
ïðèÕÎÄÈÒ»,
ïðèĨһ.
“IF WE sell it” – çíà÷èò è «Åñëè ìû ïðîäà¨M åãî»,
è «Åñëè ìû ïðîäàÄÈÌ åãî».
Íî: “ if you will!” = « , ïîæàëóéñòà!»;
4)
he WOULD earn
he WOULD earn
– ýëåìåíò “WOULD”.
ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò
ðóññêîìó «ÁÛ»:
=
îí ÁÛ çàðàáàòûâàë
Ïîâòîðÿþ:
Ïîñëå ëþáîãî ýëåìåíòà
àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë íå èçìåíÿåòñÿ !!!
94
“WHAT TO DO?”
«Wîò
òó
1
äóó?».
2
«×ÒÎ ÄÅËÀÒÜ?».
1
2
We all want to live
Wè oîë wîíò ò y ëèâ
Ìû âñå õîòèì æèò ü
better than we do*.
áýòý ðæí wè äóó.
ëó÷øå, ÷åì ìû æèâ¸ì*.
1
But what can help us
Áàò wîò êæí õýëï àñ
2
1
Íî ÷òî ìîæåò ïîìî÷ü íàì
2
to ** make a quick progress?
òy
ìýéê ýêwèê ïðîãðýñ?
ñäåëàò ü áûñòðûé ïðîãðåññ?
All (that) we want
Îîë (ðæò) wè wîíò
Âñ¸, (÷åãî) ìû õîòèì –
1
2
3
is to take, not to give!
èç òýòýéê, íîò ò ýãèâ!
(ýòî) ü áðàò ü, à íå äàâàò ü!
Most of us think
Ìîóñò îâ àñ θèíê
Áîëüøèíñòâî èç íàñ äóìàþò,
that everything depends
ðæò ýâðèθèíã äèïýíäç
÷òî âñ¸ çàâèñèò
on*** the place
îí
ðýïëýéñ
îò*** ìåñòà,
where you work,
wýý þó wœœê,
ãäå Âû ðàáîòàåòå,
but this is
áàò ðèñ èç
íî ýòî ü
95
completely wrong!
êýìïëèèòëè ðîíã!
àáñîëþòíî îøèáî÷íî!
without even + noticing it.
wèðàóò èèâí + íîóòèñèíã èò.
Everything entirely
Ýâðèθèíã èíòàýëè
Âñ¸ ïîëíîñòüþ
A good place of work
Ýãóä ïëýéñ îâ wœœê
depends on you,
äèïýíäç îí þó,
çàâèñèò îò Âàñ,
on your intelligence,
îí ¸î èíòýëèäæüåíñ,
îò Âàøåãî èíòåëëåêòà,
courage, endurance,
êàðèäæü, èíäúþóýðýíñ,
ñìåëîñòè, âûíîñëèâîñòè
patience and readiness
ïýéøüåíñ æíä ðýäèíèñ
òåðïåíèÿ è ãîòîâíîñòè
to meet success and luck
ò ýìèèò ñýêñýñ æíä ëàê
âñòðåòèò ü óñïåõ è óäà÷ó,
when**** you
wýí
þó
êîãäà Âàì
1
finally
managå****
ôàéíýëè ìæíèäæü
2
to get them both.
òýãýò ðýì áîóθ .
1
íàêîíåö-òî óäàñòñÿ
2
çàïîëó÷èò ü èõ îáîèõ.
äàæå íå + çàìåòèâ å¸
(«áåç çàìå÷àíèÿ» å¸).
Õîðîøåå ìåñòî ðàáîòû
(«îô ðàáîòà»)
1
just gives you a chance
äæÿñò ãèâç þó ý÷ààíñ
2
1
ïðîñòî äà¸ò Âàì øàíñ
2
to demonstrate
ò y äýìýíñòðýéò
ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàò ü
3
3
and to apply
æíä ò ó ýïëàé
è ïðèìåíèò ü
your natural
¸î íæò÷ðýë
Âàøè ïðèðîäíûå
faculties and talents,
ôæêýëòèç æíä òæëåíòñ,
ñïîñîáíîñòè è òàëàíòû,
but they don’t guarantee you
áàò ðýé äîíò ãæðýíòèè þó
íî îíè íå ãàðàíòèðóþò Âàì
any***** quick career,
ýíè
êwèê êýðèý,
íèêàêîé áûñòðîé êàðüåðû,
1+2
→
1
2
Íåïîäãîòîâëåííûé ÷åëîâåê
unless you marry
àíëåñ þó ìæðè
can easily
êæí èèçèëè
ìîæåò ëåãêî
one of your bosses’ ******
wàí îâ ¸î áîñèç’
íà îäíîé èç
miss the aim
ìèñ ðý ýéì
ïðîïóñòèòü öåëü,
numerous daughters.
íúþóìýðýñ äîîòýç.
ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ äî÷åðåé
Âàøèõ øåôîâ.
An unprepared man
Æí àíïðèïýýä ìæí
96
(ñòð. 100)
åñëè (òîëüêî) Âû íå æåíèòåñü
97
* Ãëàãîë “DO” èñïîëüçóåòñÿ åù¸ è äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû äâàæäû
íå ïîâòîðÿòü îäèí è òîò æå ãëàãîë â îäíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè –
– òî åñòü îí çàìåíÿåò äðóãîé àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë.
Çäåñü “do” çàìåíÿåò “live”;
** Çäåñü “to” ïåðåä “make” ñòàâèòü ìîæíî è íóæíî,
òàê êàê ãëàãîë “make”
ñàì ÿâëÿåòñÿ óæå «âòîðûì» ãëàãîëîì,
è èä¸ò íå çà ýëåìåíòîì “can”,
à çà ãëàãîëîì “help”;
*** ... dependS ON you
–
Ïðåäëîãè, óïîòðåáëÿåìûå
ñ òåìè èëè èíûìè
àíãëèéñêèìè ãëàãîëàìè,
ÍÅ ÂÑÅÃÄÀ ñîâïàäàþò
ñ èõ ðóññêèìè ñîîòâåòñòâèÿìè.
Íàïðèìåð, ðóññêîìó «çàâèñåòü ÎÒ ...»
ñîîòâåòñòâóåò àíãëèéñêîå “depend ON”
(òî åñòü: «çàâèñåòü ÍÀ ...»),
ðóññêîìó «ñìîòðåòü ÍÀ ...»
ñîîòâåòñòâóåò “look AT...”
(òî åñòü: «ñìîòðåòü Â ...»),
è òàê äàëåå.
Åñòü ãëàãîëû,
êîòîðûå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ ÁÅÇ ïðåäëîãîâ,
à â àíãëèéñêîì – òîëüêî Ñ ïðåäëîãàìè:
«îæèäàòü/æäàòü ü ÊÎÃÎ-Òλ, íî “wait FOR ...”,
è íàîáîðîò:
«æåíèòüñÿ ÍÀ (êîì-òî)»,
“marry SOMEONE”
íî
«âûõîäèòü çàìóæ ÇÀ
»,
(áåç ↑ ïðåäëîãà).
}
Ïîýòîìó ðåêîìåíäóþ ñðàçó æå çàó÷èâàòü, Ñ êàêèì ïðåäëîãîì (èëè, ìîæåò, ÁÅÇ ïðåäëîãà âîîáùå?) óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ òîò
èëè èíîé àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë, è íå óäèâëÿòüñÿ è íå ïàíèêîâàòü,
åñëè âäðóã Âû îáíàðóæèòå òàêèå «íåñîîòâåòñòâèÿ».
Âî ìíîãèõ ñëîâàðÿõ ïîñëå ãëàãîëà óêàçûâàåòñÿ è òî, ñ êàêèì
ïðåäëîãîì (è ñ ïðåäëîãîì ëè?) ýòîò ãëàãîë èñïîëüçóåòñÿ;
98
**** “... WHEN you finally MANAGE ...” = «... êîãäà Âàì
íàêîíåö-òî óäàÑÒÑß ...».
Âñïîìíèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ÷òî ïîñëå “WHEN” (è ïîñëå “IF”)
â ñëó÷àå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ åãî íå êàê âîïðîñèòåëüíîãî ñëîâà,
ÍÅ íóæíû
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè “will/ shall”,
ïîýòîìó ôðàçà
“... WHEN you finally MANAGE ...” ìîæåò çíà÷èòü
è:
«... êîãäà Âàì íàêîíåö-òî óäà¨Òñÿ ...»,
è:
«... êîãäà Âàì íàêîíåö-òî óäàÑÒñÿ ...»;
***** Ïîñëå ëþáîãî îòðèöàíèÿ (“ don’t guarantee ”)
ñëîâî “any” çíà÷èò «íèêàêîé»;
****** Åñëè «õîçÿèí/âëàäåëåö» ñàì çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà “-s”,
òî åù¸ îäíî “ ’s” ïðèáàâëÿòü íå íóæíî –
õâàòèò òîëüêî àïîñòðîôà: “bosses’ ” = «áîññîⒻ
(òî åñòü «ïðèíàäëåæàùèé áîññà쒻).
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
1) “We all want
” = «Ìû âñå õîòèì » – îáû÷íîå
ïðåäëîæåíèå ñ íîðìàëüíûì ïîðÿäêîì ñëîâ,
îäíàêî ñìîòðèì äàëüøå:
“The car ü we all want – «Ìàøèíà, ÊÎÒÎÐÓÞ ìû âñå õîòèì
to have”
èìåòü» –
– àíãëîÿçû÷íûå áîëåå ñêóïû íà ñëîâà,
è âîò òàêèå «óòî÷íÿþùèå» âñòàâêè
(òèïà « , ÊÎÒÎÐÓÞ »)
îíè ÷àñòî ïðîïóñêàþò, îáõîäÿñü áåç íèõ.
Áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû!
Ïðèìåðû:
All (that) we want is
= Âñ¸, ×ÅÃÎ ìû õîòèì,
The man (that) I’m looking for = ×åëîâåê, ÊÎÒÎÐÎÃÎ ÿ èùó.
The woman (that) you loved = Æåíùèíà, ÊÎÒÎÐÓÞ òû ëþáèë.
I don’t have ü what you need = Ó ìåíÿ íåò ÒÎÃÎ, ÷òî òåáå íóæíî;
99
2) “UNprepareD” = «ÍÅïîäãîòîâëÅÍíûé» = 3-ÿ ôîðìà
ïðàâèëüíîãî ãëàãîëà «prepare»
(«ãîòîâèòü», «ïðèãîòàâëèâàòü»),
ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ïàññèâíûì îïðåäåëåíèåì.
Ïðèñòàâêà “UN- ” – «àí- » = «ÍÅ- »
ïðèäà¸ò ëþáîìó îïðåäåëåíèþ
èëè ëþáîìó ñëîâó,
Ê êîòîðîìó îíà ïðèñîåäèíÿåòñÿ,
îòðèöàòåëüíîå (èëè îáðàòíîå) çíà÷åíèå.
Îïðåäåëåíèÿ:
uncivilized
unpopular
uncommon
uncomfortable
Ãëàãîëû:
=
=
=
=
ÍÅöèâèëèçîâàííûé
ÍÅïîïóëÿðíûé
ÍEîáû÷íûé
ÍÅóäîáíûé
uncork =
undress =
undo
=
unfasten =
ÎÒêóïîðèâàòü
ÐÀÇäåâàòü(-ñÿ)
ÐÀÇâÿçûâàòü
ÐÀÑñò¸ãèâàòü;
3) “
OF work” = «ðàáîòÛ» – ïðè ïîìîùè ïðåäëîãà “OF”
â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îáðàçóåòñÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ íàøåìó ðîäèòåëüíîìó ïàäåæó. Ýòèì ïðåäëîãîì óêàçûâàþòñÿ îòíîøåíèÿ ñîáñòâåííîñòè èëè ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè, à òàêæå ñîçäàþòñÿ îïðåäåëèòåëüíûå êîíñòðóêöèè, ïðè÷¸ì
ïðåäëî㠓of” ìîæåò óïîòðåáëÿòüñÿ ñ ëþáûì ñóáúåêòîì (ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, ñ èìåíåì ñîáñòâåííûì, ñ ìåñòîèìåíèåì) – ïðè
ýòîì óæå ñàìî ýòî ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå íà÷èíàåò âûñòóïàòü
êàê îïðåäåëåíèå,
íàïðèìåð:
a game OF cards = êàðòÎ×ÍÀß èãðà,
íî:
a game OF words = èãðà ñëîÂ,
è:
the house OF my mother = äîì ìîÅÉ ìàòåðÈ.
Åù¸ îá îäíîé âîçìîæíîñòè îáîçíà÷åíèÿ
«ñîáñòâåííèêà/âëàäåëüöà»
ñìîòðè´òå íà ñëåäóþùåé ñòðàíèöå;
100
4) “
bosseS’ daughterS” = «äî÷åðÈ øåôÎ’» –
– ïðè ïîìîùè äîáàâëåíèÿ “ ’s”
(òî åñòü “S” ñ àïîñòðîôîì “ ’ ”) ê
ëþáîìó ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîìó èëè ê èìåíè ñîáñòâåííîìó
ìû îáîçíà÷àåì «âëàäåëüöà/ñîáñòâåííèêà» ÷åãî-òî,
ïðè÷¸ì “ ’s” ïðèáûâëÿåòñÿ èìåííî Ê ñàìîìó ÂËÀÄÅËÜÖÓ,
íàïðèìåð:
my father’s flat
= êâàðòèðà ìîÅÃÎ îòö’À,
the expert’s opinion
= ìíåíèå ýêñïåðò’À,
Britain’s foreign policy = âíåøíÿÿ ïîëèòèêà Áðèòàíè’È,
father-in-law’s car
= ìàøèíà îò÷èì’À.
Ïî-ðóññêè â ýòîì ñëó÷àå
«âëàäåëåö» ñòîè´ò â ðîäèòåëüíîì ïàäåæå.
Îáðàòèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà îñîáûé
ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ â àíãëèéñêîì ýêâèâàëåíòå ðóññêèì âûðàæåíèÿì –
– îí îáðàòíûé !!!,
òàê êàê «îíè» ãîâîðÿò:
1
+
2
1
+
2
1
+
2
Ìîåé ìàòåð’È êâàðòèðà, ýêñïåðò’À ìíåíèå, îò÷èì’À ìàøèíà,
òî åñòü ñíà÷àëà – ÂËÀÄÅËÅÖ, à óæ ïîòîì – ÒÎ, ÷åì âëàäåþò.
Òàêæå åù¸ ðàç ïðîøó Âàñ îáðàòèòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
âîò íà ÷òî:
åñëè àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî, îáîçíà÷àþùåå âëàäåëüöà, ñàìî çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà “+S” (èëè íà äðóãóþ øèïÿùóþ ñîãëàñíóþ), èëè åñëè
îíî ñòîèò âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå è – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – òàêæå
çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà “S”, òî åù¸ îäíî “+S” ê íåìó ÍÅ ïðèáàâëÿåòñÿ, à åãî ïðèñóòñòâèå òîëüêî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ àïîñòðîôîì:
2
1
1
2
our sisters’ successes = óñïåõè íàøèõ ñåñò¸ð’.
àóý ñèñòý’ç
ñýêñýñèç
101
After that + I would +
Ààôòý ðæò + Àé wóä +
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹18
“IF
I WERE ...”*
«Èô Àé wœœ
»*.
«ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ ß ÁÛË ...»*.
If + I became*
Èô + Àé áèêýéì
Åñëè áû + ÿ ñòàë
à rich man
ý ðèò÷ ìæí
ü áîãàòûì ÷åëîâåêîì,
↑
↓→ → → → → → → → → → ↑
1-é ãëàãîë
I would + start**
Àé wóä + ñòààò
2-é ãëàãîë
1
ÿ áû + íà÷àë
2
1
Ïîñëå ýòîãî + ÿ áû +
1
go** to London
ãîó ò y Ëàíäýí
ïîåõàë** â Ëîíäîí
(«ñúåçäèë»),
2
2
to improve ****
ò ó èìïðóóâ
÷tîáû óëó÷øèò ü****
my*** English.
ìàé Èíãëèøü.
ñâîé*** Àíãëèéñêèé.
And
after London
Æíä ààôòý Ëàíäýí
À ïîñëå Ëîíäîíà
I would + return**
Àé wóä + ðèòœœí
ÿ áû + âåðíóëñÿ**
back home
áæê õîóì
îáðàòíî äîìîé
and I would buy** flats
æíä Àé wóä áàé ôëæòñ
è êóïèë** áû êâàðòèðû
for myself and for my***
ôîî ìàéñýëô æíä ôîî ìàé
äëÿ ñåáÿ è äëÿ ñâîèõ***
to lead
ò y ëèèä
âåñò è
an absolutely different life,
æí æáñýëþóòëè äèôðýíò ëàéô,
àáñîëþòío èíóþ æèçíü,
that is + I would + change
ðæò èç + Àé wóä + ÷ýéíäæü
òî åñòü + ÿ áû + èçìåíèë
my*** way of life.
ìàé
wýé îâ ëàéô.
ñâîé*** îáðàç æèçíè
(«îô æèçíü»).
parents.
ïýýðýíòñ.
ðîäèòåëåé.
First of all
Ôœœñò îâoîë
Ïðåæäå âñåãî
They are old people
Ðýé àà îóëä ïèèïë
Îíè – ü ñòàðûå ëþäè,
I would + pay**
Àé wóä + ïýé
ÿ áû + çàïëàòèë**
and I want
æíä Àé wîíò
è ÿ õî÷ó,
all my*** debts.
oîë ìàé
äýòñ.
âñå ñâîè*** äîëãè.
them ***** to
òó
ðýì
102
1
2
→
2
1
÷tîáû îíè
(ñòð. 27)
103
have***** a better life.
õæâ
ýáýòý ëàéô.
æèëè***** ëó÷øå
(«èìåëè ëó÷øóþ æèçíü»).
I would + do**
Àé wóä + äóó
ÿ áû + ñ/äåëàë**,
I’m not + a businessman,
Àéì íîò + ýáèçíèñìýí,
ß – ü íå + áèçíåñìåí,
if I were* + rich.
èô Àé wœœ + ðèò÷.
åñëè áû (ÿ) áûë* + áîãàò(ûì).
but I think that
áàò Àé θèíê ðæò
íî äóìàþ, ÷òî
1
I + would be able to +
Àé + wóä áèè ýéáë ò ó +
2
open a company
îóïýí ýêàìïýíè
3
and win success.
æíä wèí ñýêñýñ.
1
2
* “If I became ...” = «Åñëè áû ÿ ñòàë ...» –
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïîñëå “IF”
â åãî ñìûñëå «Åñëè áû ...»
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ 2-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà –
– òî åñòü ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ
(êàê è â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ïîñëå «Åñëè áû ...»).
1
ÿ + ñìîã áû +
2
îòêðûò ü ôèðìó
3
è äîáèòüñÿ óñïåõa.
1
}
Ïåðåä òðåòüèì
ãëàãîëîì “to”
ìîæíî íå ñòàâèòü!
2
I like + to help
Àé ëàéê + ò y õýëï
Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ + ïîìîãàò ü
people, so,
ïèèïë, ñîó,
ëþäÿì, òàê ÷òî
I think that my firm
Àé θèíê ðæò ìàé ôœœì
ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî ìîÿ ôèðìà
could
êóä
ìîãëà áû
specialize
ñïýøüåëàéç
ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàòüñÿ
in translations.
èí òðæíñëýéøüíç.
íà ïåðåâîäàõ.
That’s what
Ðæò’ñ wîò
Âîò ÷òî
104
“If I were ...” = «Åñëè áû ÿ áûë ...» –
– åù¸ ðàç íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïðè yïîòðåáëåíèè
ãëàãîëà “BE”
ïîñëå “IF” â åãî ñìûñëå «Åñëè áû ...»
â î÷åíü ïðàâèëüíîì àíãëèéñêîì
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ôîðìà “WERE”
(à íå “was”) –
– íåçàâèñèìî îò ëèöà è ÷èñëà,
íàïðèìåð:
Åñëè áû ÿ ÁÛË ñîëäàòîì =→ If I WERE + a soldier
Åñëè áû îí ÁÛË îïòèìèñòîì =→ If he WERE + an optimist,
è îáû÷íîå:
If you (we, they) WERE here = Åñëè (áû) âû ÁÛËÈ çäåñü;
** I would start ..., I would pay ... = ß áû ... –
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî “WOULD” =
= ðóññêîìó «ÁÛ»,
íî â àíãëèéñêîì ïîñëå “would” èä¸ò
ÍÅ ôîðìà ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëà,
à òîëüêî åãî ñëîâàðíàÿ ôîðìà
( ÁÅÇ ÷àñòèöû “to”) –
– òî åñòü ïðîñòî ãëàãîë èç ñëîâàðÿ (íåèçìåí¸ííûé!);
105
***  àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå íåò «îáùåãî» ñëîâà «ñâîé» – âìåñòî íåãî â êàæäîì êîíêðåòíîì ñëó÷àå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîäõîäÿùåå ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå (èëè – êàê ÿ èõ íàçûâàþ – «îáÿçàòåëüíûé îïðåäåëèòåëü»):
my, your, his, her, its, our, their;
**** “... to improve my English” =
= «×tîáû óëó÷øèò ü ñâîé àíãëèéñêèé» –
– “TO ...” ïåðåä ãëàãîëîì ìîæåò òàêæå çíà÷èòü
«×tîáû ... (÷òî-íèáóäü ñäåëàò ü)»;
2
1
1
2
***** “I WANT THEM TO ...” = «ß õî÷ó, ÷ÒÎáû ÎÍÈ ...» =
= êîíêðåòíàÿ ôîðìóëà äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ
÷üåãî-ëèáî æåëàíèÿ ïî îòíîøåíèþ
ê äðóãîìó ëèöó.
Ïðè÷¸ì ýòî «äðóãîå ëèöî» âñåãäà
îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ îáúåêòíûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì,
à ãëàãîë, îáîçíà÷àþùèé òî,
÷òî äîëæíî ñäåëàòü ýòî «äðóãîå ëèöî»,
âñåãäà ñòîèò â íåîïðåäåë¸ííîé ôîðìå
(Ñ ÷àñòèöåé “to ...”).
Ïðèìåðû:
He wantS US TO disappear = Îí õî÷ÅÒ, ×ÒÎÁÛ ìû èñ÷åçëè.
We want HIM TO leave
= Ìû õîòÈÌ, ×ÒÎÁÛ îí óø¸ë.
I wantED YOU TO laugh
= ß õîòÅË, ×ÒÎÁÛ òû ñìåÿëàñü.
Ñì. ñòð. 27;
... would BE ABLE TO ... – ýòî (â äàííîì ñëó÷àå) ñèíîíèìû
... could ...
ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà,
òàê êàê îáà ýòèõ âûðàæåíèÿ
ïåðåâîäÿòñÿ êàê (è çíà÷àò)
«Ñìîã(-ëà) áû ...».
Íî ðàçëè÷èå âñ¸ æå ñóùåñòâóåò:
ñëîâî «COULD» ïðåäïîëàãàåò
ìåíüøóþ ñòåïåíü çàâèñèìîñòè îò âíåøíèõ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâ
è, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî,
áoë´ üøóþ ñòåïåíü óâåðåííîñòè.
106
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹19
Every day I walk
Ýâðè äýé Àé wîîê
down the streets of my town.
äàóí ðýñòðèèòñ îâ ìàé òàóí.
Êàæäûé äåíü
ÿ ïðîãóëèâàþñü
ïî óëèöàì ìîåãî ãîðîäêà
(«îô ìîé»).
I’m a grown up man now
Àéì ý ãðîóí àï ìæí íàó
ß òåïåðü – âçðîñëûé ÷åëîâåê,
and I live a very quiet
æíä Àé ëèâ ý âýðè êwàéýò
è ÿ æèâó î÷åíü ñïîêîéíîé
life.
ëàéô.
æèçíüþ.
I have + a friend –
Àé õæâ + ý ôðýíä –
Ó ìåíÿ åñòü + äðó㠖
he works in a school.
õè wœœêñ èí ý ñêóóë.
– îí ðàáîòàåò â øêîëå.
He is a teacher.
Õè èç ý òûû÷ý.
Îí – ó÷èòåëü.
We are old friends,
Wè àà îóëä ôðýíäç,
Ìû – ñòàðûå äðóçüÿ,
though we never* were
ðîó wè íýâý* wœœ
õîòÿ ìû íèêîãäà íå* áûëè
close enough –
êëîóñ èíàô –
äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêè –
– he was an active boy,
– õè wîç æíæêòèâ áîé,
– îí áûë àêòèâíûì
ìàëü÷èêîì,
107
of energy,
full
ôóë îâ ýíýäæüè,
ïîëíûì ýíåðãèè
(«îô ýíåðãèÿ»)
maps and guidebooks.
ìæïñ æíä ãàéäáóêñ.
and I was lazy
æíä Àé wîç ëýéçè
à ÿ áûë ëåíèâûì,
He has + the biggest
Õè õæç + ðýáèãèñò
and I always
æíä Àé îîëwýéç
è (ÿ) âñåãäà
collection
êýëåêøüí
êîëëåêöèÿ
1
2
1
2
êàðòàìè è ïóòåâîäèòåëÿìè.
Ó íåãî + ñàìàÿ áîëüøàÿ
(«Îí èìååò + ...»)
liked to dream
ëàéêò ò ýäðèèì
ëþáèë ìå÷òàò ü
of Europe’s road maps
îâ Þóýðýï’ñ ðîóä ìæïñ
äîðîæíûõ êàðò Åâðîï’û,
about my future.
ýáàóò ìàé ôúþó÷ý.
î (ñâî¸ì) áóäóùåì.
I have ever seen.
Àé õæâ ýâý ñèèí.
(êîòîðóþ) ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî
âèäåë.
I still keep on dreaming,
Àé ñòèë êèèï îí äðèèìèíã,
ß âñ¸ åù¸ ïðîäîëæàþ
ìå÷òàòü,
ànd I think I will dream
æíä Àé θèíê Àé wèë äðèèì
è (ÿ) äóìàþ, (÷òî)
áóäó ìå÷òàòü
all my life.
îîë ìàé ëàéô.
âñþ ñâîþ æèçíü.
1
1
My friend likes
Ìàé ôðýíä ëàéêñ
Ìîé äðóã ëþáèò
2
2
to travel,
ò ýòðæâë,
ïóòåøåñòâîâàò ü,
1
2
but he doesn’t like to dream.
áàò õè äàçíò ëàéê ò ýäðèèì.
1
2
íî îí íå ëþáèò ìå÷òàò ü.
×åì?
↓
Îí âñåãäà îêðóæ¸í (×åì?)
He is always surrounded by
Õè èç îîëwýéç ñýðàóíäèä áàé
↑
↓→ → → → → →↑
108
1
2
1
I’d like to + travel,
Àéä ëàéê ò ó + òðæâë,
ß áû õîòåë + 2
+ (ïî-)ïóòåøåñòâîâàò ü,
and I would certainly do it è ÿ áû, êîíå÷íî, äåëàë ýòî,
æíä Àé wóä ñœœòíëè äóó èò
if + I were not́
èô + Àé wœœ íîò
åñëè áû + ÿ íå áûë
so poor.
ñîó ïóý.
òàêèì áåäíûì.
We both think
Wè áîóθ θèíê
Ìû îáà äóìàåì,
↑→
→
→
that I** should
øþä
ðæò Àé
→
→
→
→
→ ↓
÷òî ìíå** áû íóæíî
my own business,
start
ñòààò ìàé îóí áèçíèñ,
íà÷àòü ñâî¸ ñîáñòâåííîå äåëî,
but I’m always short of
áàò Àéì îîëwýéç ø¸îò îâ
íî ó ìåíÿ âñåãäà ìàëî
109
money.
ìàíè.
äåíåã.
my friend
ìàé ôðýíä
My friend often
Ìàé ôðýíä îôí
Ìîé äðóã ÷àñòî
to lend me
ò y ëýíä ìèè
îäîëæèò ü ìíå
asks me:
ààñêñ ìèè:
ñïðàøèâàåò ìåíÿ:
some money.
ñàì ìàíè.
íåìíîãî äåíåã.
«Ó òåáÿ åñòü (õîòü) êàêèåíèáóäü***
Âesides, I’m not sure
Áèñàéäç, Àéì íîò øþý
Êðîìå ýòîãî, ÿ íå óâåðåí,
ïëàíû íà áóäóùåå?
whether he will give me
wýðý õè wèë ãèâ ìèè
(ëè) äàñò îí ìíå
?
“Do you have any***
«Äóó þó õæâ ýíè
plans for your future?
ïëæíç ôîî ¸î ôúþó÷ý?
1
2
1
ìîåãî äðóãà
2
2
Try to change
Òðàé ò ó ÷ýéíäæü
Ïîñòàðàéñÿ èçìåíèò ü
this money or not.
ðèñ ìàíè îî íîò.
ýòè äåíüãè, èëè íåò.
your life!”.
¸î ëàéô!».
ñâîþ æèçíü!».
In any case I must
Èí ýíè êýéñ Àé ìàñò
 ëþáîì ñëó÷àå, ÿ äîëæåí
I don’t know
Àé äîíò íîó
ß íå çíàþ,
stop dreaming,
ñòîï äðèèìèíã,
ïðåêðàòèòü ìå÷òàòü,
(«ìå÷òàíèå»)
what to say in response.
wîò ò ýñýé èí ðèñïîíñ.
÷òî ñêàçàò ü â îòâåò.
and I have to + be more
æíä Àé õæâ ò ó + áèè ìîî
è ÿ äîëæåí + áûò ü áîëåå
I would eagerly start
Àé wóä èèãýëè ñòààò
ß áû îõîòíî íà÷àë
responsible for my
ðèñïîíñèáë ôîî ìàé
îòâåòñòâåííûì çà ñâîþ
my own business, but
ìàé îóí áèçíèñ, áàò
ñâî¸ ñîáñòâåííîå äåëî, íî
own life.
îóí ëàéô.
ñîáñòâåííóþ æèçíü.
ÿ √ ñëèøêîì ñòåñíèòåëüíûé,
I ca´nnot forget that
Àé êæíîò ôýãýò ðæò
ß íå ìîãó çàáûòü, ÷òî
÷tîáû ïîïðîñèò ü
God gave
Ãîä ãýéâ
Áîã äàë
1
I’m too shy
Àéì òóó øÿé
2+1
to ask
ò ó ààñê
110
1
2
1
2
111
it**** to me*****,
òó ìèè,
èò
å¸**** ìíå,
↑→ → → → → →
→↓
and that I** may no´t
æíä ðæò Àé ìýé íîò
è ÷òî ìíå** íåëüçÿ
spend it ****
ñïýíä èò
ðàñòðàòèòü å¸ ****
for nothing.
ôîî íàθ èíã.
ïðîñòî òàê.
* Àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî
“never”
»;
** Â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè âñåãäà «äåéñòâóåò»
òîëüêî ñóáúåêò,
êîòîðûé îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ òîëüêî ñóáúåêòíûì ìåñòîèìåíèåì –
– òî åñòü òîëüêî:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they !!!;
***  âîïðîñå “any” çíà÷èò «(õîòü) êàêîé-íèáóäü»;
**** “Life” – íå æåíùèíà, ïîýòîìó î íåé íóæíî ãîâoðèòü “it”;
***** Åñëè ìåæäó ãëàãîëîì è ñëîâîì «ìèè» = “me”
÷òî-íèáóäü «çàòåñàëîñü»
(çäåñü ýòî – ñëîâî “it”),
òî «ìíå» ïî-àíãëèéñêè óæå áóäåò “to me”.
112
Here is my suitcase.
Õèý èç ìàé ñúþóòêýéñ.
Âîò ü ìîé ÷åìîäàí.
1
2 →
2
1
There is* a lot of things in it  í¸ì ëåæèò* êó÷à âåùåé,
Ðýý èç ýëîò îâ θèíãç èí èò
(= «èìååòñÿ»*)
I will (= I’ll) need
that
ðæò Àé wèë (= Àé’ë) íèèä
êîòîðûå áóäóò íóæíû ìíå
in the South**.
èí ðýÑàóθ.
íà þãå.
1
ñàìî´ ïî ñåáå ñðàçó æå çíà÷èò
«íèêîãäà íå
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹20
2
1
2
I’ve got to*** leave tomorrow ß äîëæåí*** óåõàò ü çàâòðà
Àéâ ãàò ò ó
ëèèâ òýìîðîó
×åì?
↓
by train.
áàé òðýéí.
I ask my girlfriend:
Àé ààñê ìàé 㜜ëôðýíä:
íà ïîåçëå (= ïîåçäîì).
ß ñïðàøèâàþ ñâîþ ïîäðóãó:
1
2
→
2
1
“What else should I take?”. «×òî åù¸ ìíå (íóæíî)
«Wîò ýëñ øþä Àé òýéê!».
âçÿòü?».
And she says:
Æíä øüè ñýç:
À
îíà ãîâîðèò:
“Take**** all (that)
«Òýéê
îîë (ðæò)
«Áåðè**** âñ¸, ÷òî
you can need,
þó êæí íèèä,
òåáå ìîæåò ïîíàäîáèòüñÿ,
113
1
2
1
2
her own life,
õœœ îóí ëàéô,
ñâîÿ ñîáñòâåííàÿ æèçíü
(ñâîþ ñîáñòâåííóþ æèçíü),
ànd I should have
æíä Àé øþä õæâ
à ó ìåíÿ (äîëæíà áûòü)
(à ìíå ñëåäóåò èìåòü)
Ýòî – ü ïåðâûé ðàç
mine.
ìàéí.
– ñâîÿ (= «ìîþ»).
that I leave her.
ðæò Àé ëèèâ õœœ.
(÷òî) ÿ ïîêèäàþ å¸.
Certanly, I don’t want
Ñœœòíëè , Àé äîíò wîíò
And it’s already the seventh
Æíä èò’ñ îîëðýäè ðýñýâýíθ
È (ýòî) ü óæå ñåäüìîé
to make her + cry,
ò ó ìýéê õœœ + êðàé,
çàñòàâëÿò ü å¸ + ïëàêàòü,
time
during this weekend
òàéì äúþóýðèíã ðèñ wèèêýíä
ðàç çà ýòîò óèêýíä
since
ñèíñ
ïîòîìó ÷òî
ànd don’t forget to call me
æíä äîíò ôýãýò ò ó êîîë ìèè
è íå çàáóäü ïîçâîíèò ü ìíå
aś soon as + you get́ there!”.
æç ñóóí æç + þó ãýò ðýý!».
(ñðàçó), êàê òîëüêî +
+ ïðèåäåøü!».
This is the first time
Ðèñ èç ðýôœœñò òàéì
NB!
(that) I see her crying. → ÿ âèæó, êàê îíà ïëà÷åò.
(ðæò) Àé ñèè õœœ êðàéèíã.
I wouldn’t leave without her
Àé wóäíò ëèèâ wèðàóò õœœ
↑→ → → →
but we***** should
øþä
áàò wè
→ →
ß áû íå óåçæàë áåç íå¸,
→ →↓
íî íàì***** èíîãäà íàäî
part sometimes.
ïààò ñàìòàéìç.
ðàññòàâàòüñÿ.
I always thought that
Àé îîëwýéç θ îîò ðæò
ß âñåãäà äóìàë, ÷òî
she should have
øüè øþä õæâ
ó íå¸ äîëæíà áûòü
(= åé ñëåäóåò èìåòü)
114
1
2
↑
Áåç “to”!
I***** feel pity for her
Àé
ôèèë ïèòè ôîî õœœ
1
Êîíå÷íî, ÿ íå õî÷ó
2
→
ìíå***** å¸ æàëêî,
and generally speaking
æíä äæüeíýðýëè ñïèèêèíã
è, âîîáùå-òî ãîâîðÿ,
I prefer
Àé ïðèôœœ
ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàþ
laughing women.
ëààôèíã wèìèí.
ñìåþùèõñÿ æåíùèí.
Besides of that I simply
Áèñàéäç îâ ðæò Àé ñèìïëè
Êðîìå ýòîãî, ÿ ïðîñòî
love her.
ëàâ õœœ.
ëþáëþ å¸.
But I think
Áàò Àé θèíê
Íî ÿ äóìàþ,
115
(that) it’s the last time
(ðæò) èò’ñ ðýëààñò òàéì
÷òî ýòî – ü ïîñëåäíèé ðàç,
that I leave her,
ðæò Àé ëèèâ õœœ,
÷òî ÿ ïîêèäàþ å¸,
and after that
æíä ààôòý ðæò
è ïîñëå ýòîãî
Êðîìå ýòîãî, çäåñü èìååòñÿ î÷åíü êîíêðåòíàÿ îñîáåííîñòü
â ïîðÿäêå ñëîâ (ïîñìîòðèòå âûøå!), òàê êàê îáîðîò
“There + is/ are/ was/ were/ will be”
âñåãäà ñòàâèòñÿ â ñàìîå íà÷àëî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ,
à òî, ÃÄÅ âñ¸ ýòî «âèñèò-ëåæèò-ñòîè´ò-èìååòñÿ»,
íàõîäèòñÿ â êîíöå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ !!!;
we’ll get married.
wèë ãýò ìæðèä.
ìû ïîæåíèìñÿ.
** «Ñòîðîíû ñâåòà» ïî-àíãëèéñêè âñåãäà «îôîðìëÿþòñÿ»
îïðåäåë¸ííûì àðòèêëåì “the”
1
2
=
3
I want + to love + her
Àé wîíò ò ó ëàâ õœœ
(è ïèøóòñÿ ñ Áîëüøîé Áóêâû):
1
2
3
1
2
3 4****** →
1
3
2
4
and I want + her + to love me!
è õî÷ó, ÷tîáû îíà ëþáèëà
æíä Àé wîíò õœœ ò ó ëàâ ìèè!
ìåíÿ!
* there IS, there ARE – ýòî îñîáûé àíãëèéñêèé îáîðîò,
êîòîðûé íóæíî ïðîñòî âîcïðèíÿòü
êàê äàííîñòü è âûó÷èòü íàèçóñòü.
Îí ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåñòâóåò ðóññêèì:
«èìåÅòñÿ – èìåÞòñÿ», «åñòü»
«ëåæÈò – ëåæÀò»,
«ñòîÈò´
– ñòîßò»,
«âèñÈò
– âèñßò», è òàê äàëåå.
Ðàçíîé â ýòîì îáîðîòå,
â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ÷èñëà è îò âðåìåíè,
áûâàåò òîëüêî ôîðìà ãëàãîëà “BE”:
1
There
There
There
There
There
There
116
the
the
the
the
ß õî÷ó + ëþáèò ü + å¸,
2
is
a big house here/there.
are
big houses here/there.
was
a big house here/there.
were
big houses here/there.
will be a big house here/there.
will be
big houses here/there.
↑
Âðåìÿ !
North
South
East
West
– ðý
– ðý
– ðý
– ðý
Íîîθ
Ñàóθ
Èèñò
Wýñò
=
=
=
=
ñåâåð
þã
âîñòîê
çàïàä.
È àíãëîÿçû÷íûå ãîâîðÿò «â þãå/ñåâåðå/âîñòîêå/çàïàäå» = “in”,
à íå «íà » !!!;
*** «Äîëæåí» = “must
”, “have/has to ”
è “ ’ve/ ’s got to
”;
**** ×òîáû ïî-àíãëèéñêè ïîïðîñèòü èëè ïðèêàçàòü,
Âàì äîñòàòî÷íî ïðîñòî âçÿòü ãëàãîë èç ñëîâàðÿ,
è «ïðèêàçàòü» (èëè «ïîïðîñèòü») ïðÿìî ýòèì ãëàãîëîì,
íè÷óòü åãî íå èçìåíÿÿ !;
***** Òîëüêî
ñóáúåêòíîå
ìåñòîèìåíèå !!!!!
****** Îáðàòèòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ðàçíèöó â ïîðÿäêå (îäíèõ
è òåõ æå !!!) ñëîâ â äâóõ ÷àñòÿõ ýòîãî àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
Âñïîìíèòå ôîðìóëó:
1
2
→
2
1
«ß õî÷ó, + ÷tîáû îí + çíàë» → “I want + him + to + ãëàãîë”.
↓
↑
→ → → → → → →
Íàøå ñóáúåêòíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå
ïåðåõîäèò→ â èõ îáúåêòíîå !!! – ñòð. 27.
117
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹21
(3-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà “be”)
↓
I + have never
b↓een + to* + London.
áèèí + ò ó + Ëàíäýí.
Àé + õæâ íýâý
íèêîãäà íå áûë + â* + Ëîíäîíå.
ß +
Now I’m getting nervous,
Íàó Àéì ãýòèíã 휜âýñ,
Òåïåðü ÿ íåðâíè÷àþ,
because it seems to me
áèêîîç èò ñèèìç òó ìèè
ïîòîìó ÷òî ìíå êàæåòñÿ,
that
ðæò
÷òî
It is the city
Èò èç ðýñèòè
Ýòî – ãîðîä
my plans + are vanishing
ìàé ïëæíñ + àà âæíèøüèíã
ìîè ïëàíû + òàþò
of my dream.
îâ ìàé äðèèì.
ìîåé ìå÷òû
(«îô ìîÿ ìå÷òà»).
in the air.
èí ðý ýý.
â âîçäóõå.
I’ve got + too much
Àéâ ãàò + òóó ìàò÷
Ó ìåíÿ + ñëèøêîì ìíîãî
1
1
I’d love to
Àéä ëàâ ò ó
ß áû î÷åíü õîòåë
see all those famous
ñèè îîë ðîóç ôýéìýñ
óâèäåò ü âñå òå èçâåñòíûå
work
wœœê
ðàáîòû, (êîòîðóþ ÿ)
streets and buildings,
ñòðèèòñ æíä áèëäèíãç,
óëèöû è çäàíèÿ,
to do
ò ó äóó
äîëæåí ñäåëàò ü,
(= «÷toáû ñäåëàò ü»)
2
2
1
I read so many books about**. î êîòîðûõ ÿ ïðî÷¸ë**
ñòîëüêî êíèã.
Àé ðýä ñîó ìýíè áóêñ ýáàóò.
↑
2-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà “read”
2
1
2
and I + have to + help
æíä Àé + õæâ ò ó + õýëï
è ÿ + äîëæåí + ïîìîãàò ü
my
ìàé
ñâîèì (= «ìîèì»)
I + was planning + this
Àé + wîç ïëæíèíã + ðèñ
ß + ïëàíèðîâàë + ýòó
old parents,
îóëä ïýýðýíòñ,
ñòàðåíüêèì ðîäèòåëÿì,
trip all my life***. Then,
Ðýí,
òðèï îîë ìàé ëàéô.
ïîåçäêó âñþ ñâîþ æèçíü***.
Ïîòîì
and I have
æíä Àé õæâ
è ó ìåíÿ
too many debts.
ò óó ìýíè äýòñ.
ñëèøêîì ìíîãî äîëãîâ.
I stopped planning.
Àé ñòîïò ïëæíèíã.
118
ÿ ïåðåñòàë ïëàíèðîâàòü
(= «ïðåêðàòèë ïëàíèðîâàíèå»).
119
My sister + has found +
Ìàé ñèñòý + õæç ôàóíä +
Ìîÿ ñåñòðà + íàøëà +
I’ll be waiting for
Àéë áèè wýéòèíã ôîî
ß áóäó äîæèäàòüñÿ
a very interesting
ý âýðè èíòðèñòèíã
î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûé
his call untill late.
õèç êîîë àíòèë ëýéò.
åãî çâîíêà äîïîçäíà.
guide-book for me,
ãàéäáóê ôîî ìèè,
ïóòåâîäèòåëü äëÿ ìåíÿ,
so + I read it
ñîó + Àé ðèèä èò
òàê ÷òî + ÿ ÷èòàþ åãî
every day.
ýâðè äýé.
êàæäûé äåíü.
And a friend of mine
Æíä ý ôðýíä îâ ìàéí
À îäèí ìîé äðóã
** Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà ìåñòî ïðåäëîãà â îáîèõ âàðèàíòàõ;
moved to London
ìóóâä ò ó Ëàíäýí
ïåðåñåëèëñÿ â Ëîíäîí
2 years ago.
òóó éèýç ýãîó.
2 ãîäà (òîìó) íàçàä.
*** Ñëîâà´ «all my life» îáÿçûâàþò ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ
èìåííî ýòîé êîíñòðóêöèè,
ïåðåäàþùåé èìåííî
äëÿùèåñÿ, ðàñòÿíóòûå äåéñòâèÿ;
1
2
ß áûë â Ìîñêâå óæå 3 ðàçà =
= I have been to Moscow 3 times already.
Àé õæâ áèèí ò ó Ìîñêýó θðèè òàéìç îîëðýäè;
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
1
2
He used to**** call me
Õè þóñò ò ó
êîîë ìèè
Îí ðåãóëÿðíî**** çâîíèë ìíå
every week.
ýâðè wèèê.
êàæäóþ íåäåëþ.
Yesterday I learned
Åñòýäýé Àé 뜜íò
Â÷åðà ÿ óçíàë,
that he would call *****
ðæò õè wóä êîîë
÷òî îí áóäåò çâîíèòü*****
me tonight.
ìèè òóíàéò.
ìíå ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì.
So,
Ñîó,
Òàê ÷òî
120
* Åñëè Âû õîòèòå ñêàçàòü, ÷òî «Âû ãäå-òî ïîáûâàëè», òî íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü âûðàæåíèå “have been to ”, ïðè÷¸ì â
äàííîì ñëó÷àå â êà÷åñòâå ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ íàøåìó «â»
àíãëîÿçû÷íûå èñïîëüçóþò ïðåäëî㠓to” (à íå “in”):
**** «Ðåãóëÿðíîñòü», «ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü» äåéñòâèé â ïðîøëîì
ìîæíî ïåðåäàâàòü ïðè ïîìîùè îáîðîòà “used to ” – þóñò òó:
I USED TO
hunt
õàíò
Àé ÞÓÑÒ ÒÓ
ß ÎÁÛ×ÍÎ îõîòèëñÿ
here
every autumn.
õèý
ýâðè îîòýì.
çäåñü êàæäóþ îñåíü.
He USED TO
hunt
õàíò
Õè ÞÓÑÒ ÒÓ
Îí ÎÁÛ×ÍÎ îõîòèëñÿ
here
every autumn.
õèý
ýâðè îîòýì.
çäåñü êàæäóþ îñåíü.
We USED TO
hunt
here
every autumn.
õàíò
õèý
ýâðè îîòýì.
Wè ÞÓÑÒ ÒÓ
Ìû ÎÁÛ×ÍÎ îõîòèëèñü çäåñü êàæäóþ îñåíü;
 íàñòîÿùåì è â áóäóùåì âðåìåíè
ýòîò îáîðîò íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ!;
***** Â ýòîì ïðåäëîæåíèè âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ïðàâèëî
ò. í. «ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ âðåì¸í».
121
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹22
À òåïåðü ïîóëûáàéòåñü, ÷èòàÿ âåëèêîëåïíûé îáðàçåö «Ôèëîñîôèè èðëàíäöà», êîòîðûé ÿ ñïèñàë â Ïåòåðáóðãå â îòëè÷íîì
«Èðëàíäñêîì ïèâíîì áàðå «Øåìðîê» íà Òåàòðàëüíîé ïëîùàäè.
“An Irishman’s
Philosophy”.
«Æí Àéðèøüìæí’ñ ôèëîñýôè».
«Ôèëîñîôèÿ èðëàíäö’à».
1
2
to worry about:
ò ówàðè ýáàóò:
î êîòîðûõ íóæíî
(÷toáû) áåñïîêîèò üñÿ:
3 ñëîâà
either you + will get well
àéðý þó + wèë ãýò wýë
2 ñëîâà
or you + will die.
îî þó + wèë äàé.
→
→
1 ñëîâî
èëè Âû + âûçäîðîâååòå,
1 ñëîâî
èëè Âû + óìð¸òå.
Åñòü + âñåãî äâå âåùè,
If* you + get well,**
Èô þó + ãýò wýë,
to worry about:
ò ó wàðè* ýáàóò:
î êîòîðûõ íóæíî
áåñïîêîèò üñÿ:
there is nothing
ðýý èç íàθ èíã
åither you are well
àéðý þó àà wýë
èëè Âû çäîðîâû,
to worry about.
òówàðè ýáàóò.
áåñïîêîèò üñÿ.
or you are sick.
îî þó àà ñèê.
èëè Âû áîëüíû.
If* you die,**
Èô þó äàé,
Åñëè æå Âû óìð¸òå,
If you are** well,
Èô þó àà
wýë,
Åñëè Âû çäîðîâû,
there are + only two things
ðýý àà + îóíëè òóó θ èíãç
òîãäà Âàì íå î ÷åì
to worry about:
ò ówàðè ýáàóò:
There are + only two things
Ðýý àà + îóíëè òóó θèíãç
2
1
then there’s nothing
ðýí ðýý’ç íàθ èíã
2
to worry about.
òó wàðè ýáàóò.
áåñïîêîèò üñÿ.
But if you are** sick,
Áàò èô þó àà
ñèê,
Íî åñëè Âû áîëüíû,
1
there are + only two things
ðýý àà + îóíëè òóó θèíãç
122
åñòü + òîëüêî äâå âåùè,
Åñëè Âû + âûçäîðîâååòå,
1
òî Âàì íå î ÷åì
2
1
åñòü + òîëüêî äâå âåùè,
2
2 ñëîâà
either you will go to heaven
àéðý þó wèë ãîó òó õýâí
î êîòîðûõ íóæíî
(÷toáû) áåñïîêîèò üñÿ:
→
1 ñëîâî
èëè Âû ïîïàä¸òå â ðàé,
or to hell.
îî òó õýë.
èëè â àä.
If* you go** to heaven,
Èô þó ãîó òó õýâí,
Åñëè Âû ïîïàä¸òå
íà íåáåñà,
123
1
2
there is nothing to worry about.
ðýý èç íàθ èíã ò ówàðè ýáàóò.
But if* you go** to hell,
Áàò èô þó ãîó òó õýë,
→
2 ñëîâà
you’ll be
þóë áèè
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹23
1 ñëîâî
Âû áóäåòå
shaking hands with friends, ïîæèìàÿ ðó´êè ïðèÿòåëÿì,
øüåéêèíã õæíäç wèð ôðýíäç,
1
2
to worry ...
ò ó wàðè
(÷òî) ó Âàñ íå áóäåò
âðåìåíè
(= «Âàì áóäåò íåêîãäà»)
(÷toáû) áåñïîêîèò üñÿ
* Çíàêîìîå âñåì ñëîâî “worry” èìååò 2 íîðìû ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ:
«wàðè» è «wîðè».
Çäåñü ÿ âûáðàë òó «íîðìó», êîòîðàÿ äà¸òñÿ â áîëüøèõ ñëîâàðÿõ;
** Íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî
ïîñëå ñëîâà “If” – «èô» = â åãî ñìûñëå «Åñëè»
â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè “will” è “shall”.
124
ÆÈÒÅÉÑÊÈÅ ÒÅÊÑÒÛ.
Íî åñëè Âû ïîïàä¸òå â àä,
so damn busy
òàê, ìàòü Âàøó, çàíÿòû
↑
ñîó äæì áèçè
↓→ → → → → → → → ↑
you won’t have time
þó wîóíò õæâ òàéì
ÃËÀÂÀ IV.
òî Âàì íå î ÷åì
áåñïîêîèò üñÿ.
 ýòîì ↓ òåêñòå ìíîãî âûðàæåíèé/ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèé,
êîòîðûå íåëüçÿ ïåðåâåñòè ñ àíãëèéñêîãî íà ðóññêèé äîñëîâíî.
Ïîýòîìó îáðàòèòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
íà àíãëèéñêèå ýêâèâàëåíòû èìåííî òàêèì ðóññêèì
âûðàæåíèÿì (= íà ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå ôðàçû è îáîðîòû),
à òàêæå íà óïîòðåáëåíèå ïðåäëîãîâ.
“MY DAY”
«Ìàé
äýé».
«ÌÎÉ ÄÅÍÜ».
I get up at 7 o’clock
Àé ãýòàï æò ñýâí ýêëîê
ß âñòàþ â 7 ÷àñîâ
in the morning,
èí ðýìîîíèíã,
óòðà´ («ó´òðîì»),
draw the curtains and
äðîî ðýꜜòíç æíä
ðàñêðûâàþ øòîðû è
do
gymnastics
äåëàþ çàðÿäêó
äóó äæüèìíæñòèêñ
(èëè: “do my morning exercises”
«äóó ìàé ìîîíèíã ýêñýñàéçèç»)
in front of
èíôðàíò îâ
ïåðåä
an open window.
æí îóïýí wèíäîó.
îòêðûòûì îêíîì.
125
Then I go to the bathroom Ïîòîì ÿ èäó â âàííóþ,
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
Ðýí Àé ãîó ò ó ðý áààθðóì
«Èíñòðóìåíò»
where I have a good wash
wýý Àé õæâ ýãóä wîøü
ãäå õîðîøåíüêî ìîþñü,
↓
with one of the towels
wèð wàí îâ ðýòàóýëç
êîòîðûå åñòü â âàííÎÉ
and where I can sing
æíä wýý Àé êæí ñèíã
è ãäå ÿ ìîãó ïåòü
that are in the bathroom
ðæò àà èí ðýáààθðóì
my fafourite songs
ìàé ôýéâðèò ñîíãç
ìîè ëþáèìûå ïåñíè
(which makes me dry).
(wèò÷ ìýéêñ ìèè äðàé).
(÷òî äåëàåò ìåíÿ ñóõèì =
= «äðàèò ìåíÿ»).
Ïîñëå ýòîãî ÿ âîçâðàùàþñü
aś loudly as I wa´nt.
æç ëàóäëè æç Àé wîíò.
òàê ãðîìêî, êàê õî÷ó.
After that I go back
Ààôòý ðæò Àé ãîó áæê
to my bedroom,
ò ó ìàé áýäðóì,
â (ñâîþ) ñïàëüíþ,
ß ìîþñü õîëîäíîé
dress and
äðýñ æíä
îäåâàþñü è
and hot water
æíä õîò wîîòý
è ãîðÿ÷åé âîäîé
brush my hair
áðàøü ìàé õýý
ïðè÷¸ñûâàþñü
(which makes me brisk),
(wèò÷ ìýéêñ ìèè áðèñê),
(÷òî äåëàåò ìåíÿ
ýíåðãè÷íûì),
in front of a mirror
èíôðàíò îâ ýìèðý
ïåðåä çåðêàëîì
øàìïóíåì è ìûëîì
(I like to look at myself
(ÿ î÷åíü ëþáëþ ñìîòðåò ü
íà ñåáÿ,
(Àé ëàéê ò ó ëóê æò ìàéñýëô
↑
very much → → → → →
âýðè ìàò÷
«Èíñòðóìåíò»
↓
I wash with cold
Àé wîøü wèð êîóëä
1
«Èíñòðóìåíò»
↓
with shampoo and soap
wèð øÿìïóó æíä ñîóï
2
(which makes me clean),
(wèò÷ ìýéêñ ìèè êëèèí),
(÷òî äåëàåò ìåíÿ ÷èñòûì)
because
áèêîîç
and then I dry MYSELF
æíä ðýí Àé äðàé ìàéñýëô
è çàòåì ÿ âûòèðàþñü
(= «äðàþ ñåáÿ»)
the man in the mirror
ðýìæí èí ðýìèðý
126
îäíèì èç ïîëîòåíåö,
1
2
ïîòîìó ÷òî
(òîò ñàìûé) (â òîì ñà ´ìîì
ìóæ÷èíà
)
â çåðêàëå –
127
is my best friend).
èç ìàé áýñò ôðýíä).
ü ìîé ñàìûé ëó÷øèé äðóã).
and I eat no supper
æíä Àé èèò íîó ñàïý
è íå óæèíàþ
I shave every morning
Àé øüåéâ ýâðè ìîîíèíã
ß áðåþñü êàæäîå óòðî,
in the evening
èí ðýèèâíèíã
âå÷åðîì,
and sometimes in the evening, à èíîãäà è âå÷åðîì,
æíä ñàìòàéìç èí ðýèèâíèíã,
1
1
since I want to
ñèíñ Àé wîíò ò ó
òàê êàê (ÿ) õî÷ó
when I go out.
wýí Àé ãîó àóò.
êîãäà êóäà-íèáóäü èäó.
I keep
Àé êèèï
ß äåðæó
a very good razor
ýâýðè ãóä ðýéçý
î÷åíü õîðîøóþ áðèòâó
and some shaving cream
æíä ñàì øüåéâèíã êðèèì
è êàêîé-íèáóäü
êðåì äëÿ áðèòüÿ
on the shelf
îí ðýøüåëô
íà ïîëêå
above the wash-basin.
ýáàâ ðýwîøüáýéñèí.
íàä ðàêîâèíîé.
I eat no breakfast
Àé èèò íîó áðýêôýñò
ß íå çàâòðàêàþ
to become a big boss
ò ýáèêàì ýáèã áîñ
in the morning,
èí ðýìîîíèíã,
óòðîì,
and to work
æíä ò ó wœœê
è ðàáîòàò ü
16
hours + a day
ñèêñòèèí àóýç + ýäýé
ïî 16 ÷àñîâ + â äåíü
instead of + 8.
èíñòýä îâ + ýéò.
âìåñòî + âîñüìè.
1
since I want to
ñèíñ Àé wîíò ò y
2
save some money,
ñýéâ ñàì ìàíè,
128
2
2
save some health.
ñýéâ ñàì õýëθ.
ñáåðå÷ü íåìíîãî çäîðîâüÿ.
At about 8 o’clock
Æò ýáàóò ýéò ýêëîê
Îêîëî 8 ÷àñîâ
I leave my flat
Àé ëèèâ ìàé ôëæò
ÿ óõîæó èç ñâîåé êâàðòèðû
(= «ïîêèäàþ ñâîþ »)
and go to my office
æíä ãîó ò ó ìàé îôèñ
è èäó íà (ñâîþ) ðàáîòó
1
3
1
2
ñáåðå÷ü íåìíîãî äåíåã,
2+1
since I + still want to try
ñèíñ Àé + ñòèë wîíò ò ýòðàé
2
òàê êàê õî÷ó
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1
òàê êàê ÿ + âñ¸ åù¸ õî÷ó
ïîïðîáîâàò ü
2+1
2
ñòàò ü áîëüøîé øèøêîé
3
129
I walk
Àé wîîê
ß èäó ïåøêîì,
I go to my bedroom,
Àé ãîó ò ó ìàé áýäðóì,
ÿ èäó â ñïàëüíþ
if it’s + a fine day,
èô èò’c + ýôàéí äýé,
åñëè ü + äåíü õîðîøèé,
un+dress*
àí+äðýñ
ðàç+äåâàþñü
or I take a bus
îî Àé òýéê ýáàñ
èëè åäó íà àâòîáóñå,
(unless I’m already naked)
(àíëåñ Àéì îîëðýäè íýéêèä)
(åñëè ÿ óæå íå ãîëûé)
if + it’s raining,
èô + èò’ñ ðýéíèíã,
åñëè + ü èä¸ò äîæäü,
and go to bed
æíä ãîó òó áýä
è ëîæóñü ñïàòü
after
taking shower
ààôòý òýéêèíã øÿóý
ïîñëå äó´øà
(«ïðèíÿòèÿ äó´øà»)
(see above).
(ñèè ýáàâ).
(î äó´øå ñì. âûøå).
A´s you can see,
Æç þó êæí ñèè,
Êàê âèäèòå,
I sleep 7 hours
Àé ñëèèï ñýâí àóýç
ÿ ñïëþ 7 ÷àñîâ
(as a rule).
(æç ýðóóë).
(êàê ïðàâèëî).
1
because + it is cheaper
áèêîîç + èò èç ÷ûûïý
2
ïîòîìó ÷òî + ýòî ü äåøåâëå,
than to buy an umbrella.
ðæí òýáàé æíàìáðýëý.
÷åì êóïèò ü çîíòèê.
After finishing my work
Ààôòý ôèíèøüèíã ìàé wœœê
Ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ðàáîòû
I return back home
Àé ðèòœœí áæê õîóì
ÿ âîçâðàùàþñü îáðàòíî
äîìîé
and do whatever I can
æíä äóó wîòýâý Àé êæí
è äåëàþ âñ¸, ÷òî ìîãó,
instead of + doing
èíñòýä îâ + äóóèíã
âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû äåëàòü
(= «âìåñòî + äåëàíèÿ»)
whatever I want.
wîòýâý Àé wîíò.
âñ¸, ÷òî õî÷ó.
At about midnight
Æò ýáàóò ìèäíàéò
Îêîëî ïîëóíî÷è
130
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
* Ñì. ñòð. 100.
131
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹24
“ONE OF
«Wàí
îâ
MY
1
EVENINGS”.
ìàé
èèâíèíãç».
«ÎÄÈÍ ÈÇ ÌÎÈÕ ÂÅ×ÅÐλ.
Çäåñü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå îáðàòèòå íà ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå ôîðìû
íåïðàâèëüíûõ àíãëèéñêèõ ãëàãîëîâ (è íà èõ ðóññêèå ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ!) – çàó÷èâàéòå ýòè ôîðìû ïðÿìî â òåêñòå
ïðîñòî êàê ñëîâà´ !!!
Yesterday evening
Åñòýäýé èèâíèíã
Â÷åðà âå÷åðîì
2
to the theater + instead.
ò ó ðý θèýòý + èíñòýä.
→
2
1
âìåñòî ýòîãî + â òåàòð.
We saw
Wè ñîî
Ìû ñìîòðåëè
the “Queen of Spades”
ðý «Êwèèí îâ Ñïýéäç»
«Ïèêîâóþ äàìó»,
and I
enjoyed it*
æíä Àé èíäæü¸éä èò
è ÿ íàñëàæäàëñÿ åþ*
÷ðåçâû÷àéíî.
I decided to go
Àé äèñàéäèä ò ó ãîó
ÿ ðåøèë ïîéò è
very much.
âýðè ìàò÷.
to the cinema,
ò ó ðý ñèíèìý,
â êèíî
The singing was excellent,
Ðý ñèíãèíã wîç ýêñýëåíò,
Ïåíèå áûëî âåëèêîëåïíûì,
but then a friend of mine
áàò ðýí ýôðýíä îâ ìàéí
íî ïîòîì îäèí ìîé äðóã
and the singer who sang
æíä ðýñèíãý õóó ñæíã
è ïåâåö, êîòîðûé ïåë
the leading part
ðýëèèäèíã ïààò
ãëàâíóþ ïàðòèþ,
(= «âåäóùóþ»)
áûë ïåðâîêëàññíûì ïåâöîì
1
1
came
êýéì
2
2
to see me
ò ó ñèè ìèè
1
2
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1
2
çàø¸ë íàâåñòèò ü ìåíÿ
(= «...÷toáû ïîâèäàò ü...»)
and brought me
æíä áðîîò ìèè
è ïðèí¸ñ ìíå
was
a first-rate singer
wîç ý ôœœñò ðýéò ñèíãý
a ticket for the opera.
ýòèêèò ôîî ðý îïýðý.
áèëåò íà îïåðÓ.
and had + a beautiful
æíä õæä + ýáúþóòèôóë
è ó (íåãî) áûë + êðàñèâûé
(«èìåë»)
ñèëüíûé ãîëîñ.
So, I changed my mind
Ñîó, Àé ÷ýéíäæüä ìàé ìàéíä
Òàê ÷òî ÿ ïåðåäóìàë
strong voice.
ñòðîíã âîéñ.
and went
æíä wýíò
è ïîø¸ë
The orchestra was conducted** Îðêåñòðîì äèðèæèðîâàë**
Ðýîîêèñòðý wîç êýíäàêòèä
(= «
áûë óïðàâëÿåì »)
132
133
1
Êåì?
1
and we went
æíä wè wýíò
è ìû ïîøëè
äèðèæ¸ð(-îì) è
to the refreshment-room
ò ó ðýðèôðýøüìýíò ðóì
â áóôåò
the music was wonderful.
ðýìúþóçèê wîç wàíäýôóë.
ìóçûêà áûëà çàìå÷àòåëüíîé.
to have
ò ó õæâ
(÷tîáû) âûïèò ü
Since we sat in a box
Ñèíñ wè ñæò èí ýáîêñ
Ïîñêîëüêó ìû ñåëè â ëîæó
a glass of champagne.
ýãëààñ îâ øÿìïýéí.
ïî áîêàëó øàìïàíñêîãî.
not far from the stage,
íîò ôàà ôðîì ðýñòýéäæü,
íåäàëåêî îò ñöåíÛ,
There we had
Ðýý wè õæä
Òàì ó íàñ ñîñòîÿëàñü
(«Ó íàñ áûëà»)
a very interesting talk
ý âýðè èíòðèñòèíã òîîê
î÷åíü èíòåðåñíàÿ áåñåäà
about opera and
ýáàóò îïýðý æíä
îá îïåðå è
about current events.
ýáàóò êàðýíò èâýíòñ.
î òåêóùèõ ñîáûòèÿõ.
After the theater
Ààôòý ðýθèýòý
Ïîñëå òåàòðà
the scenery was*** marvellous. äåêîðàöèè áûëè***
ìààâýëýñ.
÷óäåñíûìè.
ðýñèèíðè wîç
we went + for a walk.
wè wýíò + ôîî ýwîîê.
ìû ïîøëè + ïðîãóëÿòüñÿ.
During the interval
Äúþýðèíã ðýèíòýâýë
Âî âðåìÿ àíòðàêòà
The weather was fine
Ðýwýðý wîç ôàéí
Ïîãîäà áûëà ïðåêðàñíîé
I met
Àé ìýò
ÿ âñòðåòèë
and it was **** very warm. è ü áûëî î÷åíü òåïëî.
âýðè wîîì.
æíä èò wîç
an old friend of mine
æí îóëä ôðýíä îâ ìàéí
îäíîãî ñâîåãî ñòàðîãî äðóãà,
I like
Àé ëàéê
↓
by a very famous
áàé ýâýðè ôýéìýñ
î÷åíü èçâåñòíûé
(= «èçâåñòíûì»)
conductor and
êýíäàêòý æíä
Ýëåìåíò !
we could see everything
wè êóä ñèè ýâðèθèíã
2
≠
Ãëàãîë!
(òî) ìû ìîãëè âèäåòü âñ¸
very well
âýðè wýë
î÷åíü õîðîøî,
and I found that
æíä Àé ôàóíä ðæò
è ÿ îáíàðóæèë, ÷òî
134
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
↑→
→
2
→
→
→
→
→↓
Ìíå î÷åíü íðàâèòñÿ
↓ → â êîíåö! →
135
this type of weather
ðèñ òàéï îâ wýðý
ýòîò òèï ïîãîäû
(«îô ïîãîäà»).
very much.
âýðè ìàò÷ –
– ñòàâèòñÿ â êîíåö ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹25
“MEETING A FRIEND”.
«Ìèèòèíã
ýôðýíä».
«ÂÑÒÐÅ×Àß
ÄÐÓÃÀ».
I came home
Àé êýéì õîóì
ß ïðèø¸ë äîìîé
I took a taxi and
Àé òóê ýòæêñè æíä
by midnight
áàé ìèäíàéò
ê ïîëóíî÷è
went to the airport
wýíò ò ó ðýýýïîîò
è ñ÷àñòëèâûé.
to meet
ò y ìèèò
(÷tîáû) âñòðåòèò ü
an old friend of mine
æí îóëä ôðýíä îâ ìàéí
îäíîãî ìîåãî
ñòàðîãî äðóãà,
who + was coming
õóó + wîç êàìèíã
êîòîðûé + ïðèëåòàë
** Ïàññèâíàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ;
this morning
ðèñ ìîîíèíã
ýòèì óòðîì
*** Âèäèòå:
ïî-ðóññêè «äåêîðàöèè» âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå,
from abroad.
ôðîì ýáðîîä.
èç-çà ãðàíèöû.
Although + it was *
Îîëðîó + èò wîç *
Õîòÿ + ü áûëî *
early morning
œœëè ìîîíèíã
ðàííåå óòðî,
the airport was
ðýýýïîîò wîç
àýðîïîðò áûë
full of life.
ôóë îâ ëàéô.
ïîëîí æèçíè
(«îô æèçíü»).
1
2
and happy.
æíä õæïè.
* «Ïèêîâàÿ äàìà» – íå æåíùèíà, à îïåðà,
ïîýòîìó-òî îíà “it”,
à íå “she”;
à ïî-àíãëèéñêè – â åäèíñòâåííîì (“scenery”) !
Ïîýòîìó ïîñëå ñëîâà “scenery”
è íóæíî óïîòðåáèòü “was”, à íå “were”;
**** Â ïðàâèëüíîì è ïîëíîì àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü ñóáúåêò
(òî åñòü ïðåäìåò èëè ëèöî) èëè ñëîâî, åãî çàìåíÿþùåå.
Çäåñü âìåñòî ñóáúåêòà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìåñòîèìåíèå “it”.
136
ß âçÿë òàêñè è
1
ïîåõàë â àýðîïîðò
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
2
137
Big buses
Áèã áàñèç
Áîëüøèå àâòîáóñû
were having breakfast
wœœ õæâèíã áðýêôýñò
çàâòðàêàëè
were bringing
wœœ áðèíãèíã
ïðèâîçèëè
before
áèôîî
ïåðåä
travellers from town.
òðæâëåç ôðîì òàóí.
ïóòåøåñòâåííèêîâ èç ãî´ðîäà.
getting on board.
ãýòèíã îí áîîä.
ïîñàäêîé íà ñàìîë¸ò.
(«ïîïàäàíèåì»)
In the hall downstairs
Èí ðýõîîë äàóíñòýýç
 íèæíåì çàëå
Aś soon as
Æç ñóóí æç
Êàê òîëüêî
passengers were having
ïæñèíäæüåç wœœ õæâèíã
ïàññàæèðàì âçâåøèâàëè **
the radio anno´unced ****
ýíàóíñò
ðýðýéäèîó
ðàäèî îáúÿâèëî,
their luggage weighed**
ðýý ëàãèäæü wýéä
èõ áàãàæ
that the plane
ðæò ðýïëýéí
÷òî ñàìîë¸ò
and their passports
æíä ðýý ïààñïîîòñ
è ïðîâåðÿëè** èõ
from Sidney
ôðîì Ñèäíè
èç Ñèäíåß
ànd tickets examined**.
æíä òèêèòñ èãçæìèíä.
ïàñïîðòà è áèëåòû.
was**** about + to land
wîç
ýáàóò + ò y ëæíä
âîò-âîò + ñÿäåò,
Porters + were carrying
Ïîîòýç + wœœ êæðèíã
Íîñèëüùèêè + (ðàç)íîñèëè
the porters and
ðýïîîòýç æíä
íîñèëüùèêè è
passengers’ *** luggage.
ïæñèíäæüå’ñ ëàãèäæü.
áàãàæ ïàññàæèðî⒠***.
the omnipresent taxi-drivers
ðý îìíèïðýçíò òæêñè äðàéâýç
âåçäåñóùèå òàêñèñòû
In the restaurant upstairs
Èí ðýðýñòðîíã àïñòýýç
 ðåñòîðàíå íàâåðõó
came hurrying out
êýéì õàðèíã àóò
ïîäáåæàëè
(«ñïåøà»)
I found
Àé ôàóíä
ÿ îáíàðóæèë
to the “Arrivals”
ò ó ðý «Ýðàéâëç»
ê «Ïðèë¸òó»
a lot of + people who
ý ëîò îâ + ïèèïë õóó
ìíîãî + ëþäåé, êîòîðûå
in their eternal
èí ðýý èòœœíë
â ñâîåé âå÷íîé
138
1
2
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
(«â èõíåé»)
139
hunt for clients.
õàíò ôîî êëàéýíòñ.
ïîãîíå çà êëèåíòàìè.
passport control
ïààñïîîò êýíòðîyë
After making
Ààôòý ìýéêèíã
Ïîñëå òîãî êàê (ñàìîë¸ò)
ñäåëàë
(= «Ïîñëå äåëàíèÿ »)
and walked to the customs
æíä wîîêò ò ó ðýêàñòýìç
a very round circle
ý âýðè ðàóíä ñœœêë
î÷åíü êðóãëûé êðóæîê
to have their luggage
ò y õæâ ðýý ëàãèäæü
÷tîáû èõ áàãàæ
over the airfield
îóâý ðý ýýôèèëä
íàä àýðîïîðòîì,
checked **
÷ýêò
áûë ïðîâåðåí **
the pilot and his crew
ðýïàéëýò æíä õèç êðóó
ïèëîò è åãî êîìàíäà
Êåì ?
landed their machine
ëæíäèä ðýý ìýøüèèí
ïîñàäèëè ñâîþ ìàøèíó
and taxied up
æíä òæêñèä àï
è ïîäðóëèëè
to the airport-building.
òó ðý ýýïîîò áèëäèíã.
ê çäàíèþ àýðîïîðòà.
A group + of passengers
Ýãðóóï + îâ ïæñèíäæüåç
Ãðóïïà + ïàññàæèðîâ
(«îô ïàññàæèðû»)
lazily got out off
ëýéçèëè ãàò àóò îô
ëåíèâî âûøëà èç
the huge plane,
ðýõúþóäæü ïëýéí,
îãðîìíîãî ñàìîë¸òà,
1 ñëîâî
passed the never-sleeping
ïààñò ðý íýâý ñëèèïèíã
140
(«èõíþþ»)
1
2 ñëîâà
ïðîøëà íèêîãäà íå ñïÿùèé
è ïîøëà íà òàìîæíþ
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
2
→
→
→
→
→
↓
by the customs-officers.
áàé ðýêàñòýìç îôèñýç.
→
→
→
→
↓
òàìîæåííèêàìè.
* Â ïðàâèëüíîì è ïîëíîì àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü ñóáúåêò (òî åñòü ïðåäìåò
èëè ëèöî) èëè ñëîâî, åãî çàìåíÿþùåå.
Çäåñü (äëÿ «ïîëíîòû» àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ)
âìåñòî ñóáúåêòà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìåñòîèìåíèå “it”;
** Çäåñü è äàëåå – ýòî ïðèìåðû êîíñòðóêöèé,
êîãäà ÷òî-òî äåëàåòñÿ «÷óæèìè ðóêàìè»,
íàïðèìåð:
1
→
ïàñïîðòíûé êîíòðîëü
2
3
→
1
3
2
«Ìíå + ïî÷èíèëè + ÷àñû» = “I had + my watch + repaired”;
*** Êîãäà íà êîíöå ñëîâà óæå åñòü “-s” èëè äðóãàÿ øèïÿùàÿ
ñîãëàñíàÿ, òî äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ «âëàäåëüöà» ìîæåò áûòü
äîñòàòî÷íî òîëüêî àïîñòðîôà, íàïðèìåð:
“My sisters’ dresses” = «Ïëàòüÿ ìîèõ ñåñò¸ð’»;
141
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹26
**** Ðàç ïðåäûäóùèé â ýòîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ãëàãîë
(“announceD”)
↑
ñòîè´ò â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè,
“A LETTER”
òî è ïîñëåäóþùèé â ýòîì æå ïðåäëîæåíèè ãëàãîë
òîæå äîëæåí ñòîÿòü â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè (“was”)!
Çäåñü ðàáîòàåò «Ïðàâèëî ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ âðåì¸í»!
“Be about to …” – «áèè ýáàóò òó » =
= «Ñîáèðàòüñÿ (÷òî-òî ñäåëàòü)»,
«Áûòü ãîòîâûì (÷òî-òî ñäåëàòü)» –
– è èçìåíÿåòñÿ â ýòîì âûðàæåíèè (ïî âðåìåíàì !)
was
were
will be
Dear friend!
Äèý ôðýíä!
It gives me
Èò ãèâç ìèè
a great pleasure
î÷åíü ïðèÿòíî
ý ãðýéò ïëýæå
1
(= «Ìíå äîñòàâëÿåò áîëüøîå óäîâîëüñòâèå»)
2
Íàñò.
âðåìÿ;
2
} Ïðîøåä. âðåìÿ;
Áóä.
âðåìÿ.
óçíàò ü, ÷òî
1
1
you + are planning
þó + àà ïëæíèíã
òû + ïëàíèðóåøü
2
2
to visit our city.
ò ó âèçèò àóý ñèòè.
ïîñåòèò ü íàø ãîðîä.
I know (that)
Àé íîó (ðæò)
ß çíàþ, (÷òî)
1
142
Ìíå
to learn that
ò ó 뜜í ðæò
}
«ÏÈÑÜÌλ.
Äîðîãîé äðóã!
1
NB:
òîëüêî ãëàãîë “be”:
↓
am
is
are
«Ýëåòý».
2
1
you + are going to + stay
þó + àà ãîóèíã ò ó + ñòýé
òû + íàìåðåâàåøüñÿ +
+ îñòàíîâèò üñÿ
in a hotel,
èí ý õîóòýë,
â ãîñòèíèöÅ,
so I can* assure you
ñîó Àé êæí ýøþý þó
òàê ÷òî, ìîãó* òåáÿ óâåðèòü,
2
143
÷òî çäåñü** åñòü ìíîãî
that there are many
ðæò ðýý àà ìýíè
↓
↓← ← Â êîíåö! ← ←
good hotels here**,
õîðîøÈÕ ãîñòèíèÖ,
ãóä õîóòýëç õèý,
1
and I’ll do my best
æíä Àéë äóó ìàé áýñò
2
2
÷tîáû çàáðîíèðîâàò ü
the most comfortable
ðýìîóñò êàìôýòýáë
ñàìûé óäîáíûé
room for you
ðóì ôîî þó
íîìåð äëÿ òåáÿ
in my favourite hotel.
èí ìàé ôýéâðèò õîóòýë.
â ìîåé ëþáèìîé ãîñòèíèöÅ.
So, if you wish
Ñîó, èô þó wèøü
2
1
Òàê ÷òî, åñëè òû õî÷åøü
2
to be certain about it,
ò ýáèè ñœœòí ýáàóò èò,
áûò ü óâåðåííÛÌ â ýòîì,
please, give me a call
ïëèèç, ãèâ ìèè ýêîîë
ïîæàëóéñòà, ïîçâîíÈ ìíå
before you come here.
áèôîî þó êàì õèý.
ïåðåä (òåì, êàê) ïðèåäåøü
ñþäà.
I’ll drive you
Àéë äðàéâ þó
from the station
ôðîì ðýñòýéøüí
144
ïðÿìî â ãîñòèíèöÓ,
so you’ll lose no time.
ñîó þóë ëóóç íîó òàéì.
òàê ÷òî, òû íå ïîòåðÿåøü
âðåìåíè.
1
è ÿ ñäåëàþ âñ¸, ÷òî ìîãó,
to book
ò ó áóê
1
straght to the hotel,
ñòðýéò ò ó ðý õîóòýë,
← 2 ñëîâà →
↓
↓
There you’ll also find
Ðýý þóë îîëñîó ôàéíä
→
1 ñëîâî
Òàì òû íàéä¸øü è
all possible conveniences
îîë ïîñèáë êýíâèíúåíñèç
âñå âîçìîæíûå óäîáñòâà,
including a wonderful
èíêëóóäèíã ý wàíäýôóë
âêëþ÷àÿ âåëèêîëåïíûé
restaurant with
ðýñòðîíã wèð
ðåñòîðàí ñ
an exquisite cuisine.
æí èêñêwèçèò êwèçèèí.
èçûñêàííÎÉ êóõíÅÉ.
The hotel
Ðýõîóòýë
(Ta) Ãîñòèíèöà,
↓→ Â êîíåö!→↑
I’m writing about
î (êîòîðîé) ÿ ïèøó,
Àéì ðàéòèíã ýáàóò
is right in the center
èç ðàéò èí ðýñýíòý
íàõîäèòñÿ ïðÿìî â öåíòðÅ
ß íà ìàøèíå îòâåçó òåáÿ
of the city and
îâ ðýñèòè æíä
ãîðîäÀ è
ñ âîêçàëà
most of
ìîóñò îâ
áî´ëüøàÿ ÷àñòü
145
the best museums,
ðýáýñò ìúþçèýìç,
ëó÷øÈÕ ìóçååâ,
theaters and cinemaS
θèýòýç æíä ñèíèìýÇ
òåàòðîâ è êèíî
are within
àà wèðèí
íàõîäÿòñÿ íà ðàññòîÿíèÈ
a few minutes walk
ýôúþó ìèíèòñ wîîê
íåñêîëüêÈÕ ìèíóò õîäüáÛ
2
a lot of + things to do.
ýëîò îâ + θèíãç ò y äóó.
ìíîãî + äåë
(«÷toáû ñäåëàò ü»).
→
2 ñëîâà
The hotel will get her
θýõîóòýë wèë ãýò õœœ
a good guide
ýãóä ãàéä
2 ñëîâà
1 ñëîâî
Ãîñòèíèöà ïðåäîñòàâèò åé
õîðîøÅÃÎ ãèäÀ,
→
1 ñëîâî
or drive from it***.
îî äðàéâ ôðîì èò.
èëè åçäÛ îò íå¸***.
who will take her
õóó wèë òýéê õœœ
There is + also
Ðýý èç + îîëñîó
Åñòü + òàêæå è
round the city,
ðàóíä ðýñèòè,
a big
ý áèã
áîëüøîé
will show her all the museums
wèë ø¸ó õœœ îîë ðýìúþçèýìç
ïîêàæåò åé âñå ìóçåè
concert hall
êîíñýò õîîë
êîíöåðòíûé çàë
and will go shopping with her
æíä wèë ãîó ø¸ïèíã wèð õœœ
è ïðîéä¸òñÿ ñ íåé ïî
ìàãàçèíàì,
just across the road**.
äæÿñò ýêðîñ ðýðîóä.
ïðÿìî ÷åðåç äîðîãó**.
while you are busy.
wàéë þó àà áèçè.
ïîêà òû ü çàíÿò.
If your charming wife
Èô ¸î ÷ààìèíã wàéô
Åñëè òâîÿ î÷àðîâàòåëüíàÿ
æåíà
I remember that
Àé ðèìýìáý ðæò
ß ïîìíþ, ÷òî
is coming along
èç êàìèíã ýëîíã
ïðèåçæàåò
whenever she gets
wýíýâý øüè ãýòñ
âñåãäà, êîãäà îíà ïîëó÷àåò
with you
wèð þó
ñ òîáîþ,
some money,
ñàì ìàíè,
ñêîëüêî-íèáóäü äåíåã, (òî)
ó íå¸ áóäåò
clotheS are the first thing
êëoóðÇ àà ðýôœœñò θèíã
îäåæäà – ü ýòî ïåðâîå,
1
she will have
øüè wèë õæâ
146
êîòîðûé ïîâîäèò å¸
ïî ãîðîäÓ,
147
↑
Íå
← â êîíåö! ←
she spends it*** on!
îí!
øüè ñïýíäç èò
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹27
↓
“TROUBLES”
íà ÷òî îíà èõ*** òðàòèò!
→
1+2
* Ïî-àíãëèéñêè íåëüçÿ ñêàçàòü ïðîñòî «Ìîãó » –
– à òîëüêî: «ß ìîãó »,
òàê êàê íàëè÷èå ñóáúåêòà (òî åñòü äåéñòâóþùåãî ëèöà)
â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûì !!!;
** Êîãäà Âû (ïî-àíãëèéñêè!) ãîâîðèòå,
÷òî “here” èëè “there” ÷òî-òî «èìååòñÿ»,
òî àíãëèéñêîå «èìååòñÿ/èìåþòñÿ» = “There is/are ”
ñòàâèòñÿ â íà÷àëå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ (èëè åãî ñìûñëîâîé ÷àñòè),
à âîò ñëîâà, îáîçíà÷àþùèå «ãäå» ýòî «èìååòñÿ»
ñòàâÿòñÿ â êîíåö ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
Ïðè ýòîì íàëè÷èå îäíîãî “There” â íà÷àëå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
íå èñêëþ÷àåò íàëè÷èÿ âòîðîãî “there”
â êîíöå ýòîãî æå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ:
1
2
3
→
2
3
1
Òàì + åñòü + áàññåéí = There is + a pool + there;
*** «Ãîñòèíèöà» è «äåíüãè» – íå ëþäè,
ïîýòîìó è î òîì, è î äðóãîì àíãëè÷àíå ãîâîðÿò “it”.
Ïðè÷¸ì, àíãëèéñêîå ñëîâî “money” = «äåíüãè»
èìååò òîëüêî åäèíñòâåííîå ÷èñëî,
à íå ìíîæåñòâåííîå, êàê â ðóññêîì.
Ïîýòîìó î “money” è ãîâîðÿò “it”, à íå “they”.
148
«ÒÐÅÂÎÃÈ».
«Òðàáëç».
I + never* + was
Àé + íýâý + wîç
1
+
2
ß + íèêîãäà íå* + áûëà
in such a difficult
èí ñàò÷ý äèôèêëò
â òàêîé òðóäíîé
situation
before.
ñèòúþýéøüí áèôîî.
ñèòóàöèè ðàíüøå.
1
1
I always tried
Àé îîëwýéç òðàéä
ß âñåãäà ïûòàëàñü
2
2
not to interfere
íîò ò ó èíòýôèý
1
2
íå âìåøèâàò üñÿ
3
in other people’s affairs,
èí àðý ïèèïë’ç ýôýýç,
but life made ** me
áàò ëàéô ìýéä
ìèè
1
Though I didn’t want
Ðîó Àé äèäíò wîíò
to have + any + troubles
ò ýõæâ + ýíè + òðàáëç
1
I used *** to
òó
Àé þóñò
3
1
2
â äåëà äðóãèõ ëþä’åé,
íî æèçíü çàñòàâëÿëà ìåíÿ
äåëàò ü ýòî.
do ** that.
ðæò.
(áåç «òó»!) äóó
2
→
1
Õîòÿ ÿ (è) íå õîòåëà
2
èìåò ü + íèêàêèõ +
íåïðèÿòíîñòåé,
ÿ ðåãóëÿðíî ***
149
2
come across*** them
ðýì
êàì ýêðîñ
â íèõ ïîïàäàëà***
that changed my mind
ðæò ÷ýéíäæüä ìàé ìàéíä
÷òî èçìåíèëî ìî¸ ìíåíèå
all my life.
îîë ìàé ëàéô.
âñþ ñâîþ æèçíü.
about adventures,
ýáàóò ýäâýíò÷ýç,
î ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿõ,
Untill + recently
Àíòèë + ðèèñíòëè
Äî + íåäàâíåãî âðåìåíè
available
ýâýéëýáë
êîòîðûå ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü
(= «äîñòóïíûõ»)
I never* believed
Àé íýâý áèëèèâä
ÿ íèêîãäà íå* âåðèëà
in the real world.
èí ðýðèýë wœœëä.
â ðåàëüíîì ìèðå.
any**** of the stories
ýíè
îâ ðýñòîðèç
íèêàêèì**** èñòîðèÿì,
I was out
Àé wîç àóò
ß áûëà íå äîìà –
I’ve read
Àéâ ðýä
(êîòîðûå) ÿ ÷èòàëà
dancing*****
äæíñèíã
– òàíöåâàëà*****
(«òàíöóÿ»)
in magazines.
èí ìæãýçèèíç.
â æóðíàëàõ.
at a well-known club
æò ý wýë íîóí êëàá
â èçâåñòíîì êëóáå,
I mean
Àé ìèèí
ß èìåþ â âèäó,
and throughout the night
æíä θðóóàóò ðýíàéò
è âñþ íî÷ü (íàïðîë¸ò)
all those stories
îîë ðîóç ñòîðèç
(÷òî) âñå ýòè èñòîðèè
I kept****** noticing
íîóòèñèíã
Àé êýïò
ÿ ïîñòîÿííî******
îáðàùàëà âíèìàíèå
sounded + to me
ñàóíäèä + òó ìèè
çâó÷àëè + äëÿ ìåíÿ
two young people
òóó ÿíã ïèèïë
(íà) äâóõ ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé,
like somebody’s night-dreams.
ëàéê ñàìáîäè’ç íàéòäðèèìç.
êàê ÷üè-òî ñíû.
who stood out of the crowd
õóó ñòóä àóò îâ ðýêðàóä
êîòîðûå îòëè÷àëèñü
îò (îñòàëüíîé) òîëïû
Something happened to me
õæïíä òó ìèè
Ñàìθèíã
×òî-òî ñëó÷èëîñü ñî ìíîþ,
in a big way.
èí ýáèã wýé.
î÷åíü ðåçêî.
though,
ðîó,
îäíàêî,
Both were at least
Áîóθ wœœ æòëèèñò
Îáà áûëè (êàê) ìèíèìóì
150
151
six feet tall
ñèêñ ôèèò òîîë
(ïî) øåñòü ôóòîâ ðîñòîì,
She was by contrast
Øüè wîç áàé êîíòðààñò
Îíà æå – â ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü
(åìó) – áûëà
and each was beautiful
æíä èèò÷ wîç áüþóòèôóë
è êàæäûé (èç íèõ) áûë êðàñèâ
an extremely pale
æí èêñòðèèìëè ïýéë
èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî áëåäíîé,
in his own way.
èí õèç îóí wýé.
ïî-ñâîåìó.
redhead,
ðýäõýä,
ñ ðûæèìè âîëîñàìè,
(= «ðûæóõîé»),
He was black
Õè wîç áëæê
Îí áûë ÷¸ðíûì,
and her green eyes
æíä õœœ ãðèèí àéç
è å¸ çåë¸íûå ãëàçà
and looked + as if
æíä ëóêò + æç èô
è âûãëÿäåë, + êàê åñëè áû
were dramatically offset
wœœ äðýìæòèêëè îôñýò
äðàìàòè÷íî îòòåíÿëèñü
(= (áûëè
îòòåíåíû
he was sculptured
õè wîç ñêàëï÷ýä
îí áûë èçâàÿí
of the finest
îâ ðýôàéíèñò
èç (íàè-)ïðåêðàñíåéøåãî
abony.
ýáýíè.
÷¸ðíîãî äåðåâà.
milk-white complexion.
ìèëêwàéò êýìïëýêøüí.
ìîëî÷íî-áåëûì öâåòîì ëèöà.
His hair*******
Õèç õýý
Åãî âîëîñû *******
Our eyes met
Àóý àéç ìýò
Íàøè ãëàçà âñòðåòèëèñü,
was******* pulled tight
wîç
ïóëä òàéò
áûëè******* ñòÿíóò û òóãî
and this was
æíä ðèñ wîç
è ýòî áûë
at + the back of his head
æò + ðýáæê îâ õèç õýä
íà + çàòûëêå,
the first step
ðýôœœñò ñòýï
ïåðâûé øàã
and his eyes
æíä õèç àéç
à åãî ãëàçà
towards
òýwîîäç
(ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ) ê
were à piercing blue.
wœœ ýïèèñèíã áëþó.
áûëè ïðîíçèòåëüíî ãîëóáûìè (= « ïðîíçèòåëüíîé
ãîëóáèçíîé»).
my troubles.
ìàé òðàáëç.
ìîèì òðåâîãàì.
152
)
×åì?
↓
by her
áàé õœœ
å¸ («áàé 帻)
153
* Â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îòñóòñòâóþò äâîéíûå îòðèöàíèÿ,
ïîýòîìó îäíî ñëîâî “never” ñðàçó æå çíà÷èò «íèêîãäà íå»;
** Ïîñëå ãëàãîëà “make” â åãî ñìûñëå «çàñòàâëÿòü»
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì íå íóæía ÷àñòèöà “to”:
Îíà çàñòàâëÿåò íàñ + ñìåÿòüñÿ! = Øüè ìýéêñ àñ + ëààô!
She makes us + laugh!;
*** Îáîðîò “use to + ãëàãîë” ïåðåäà¸ò/îáîçíà÷àåò
ðåãóëÿðíîñòü, ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü äåéñòâèé.
Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè!
«Âðåìÿ» çäåñü ìû ïîêàçûâàåì ôîðìîé ãëàãîëà “use”:
“used to
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
I + never + was , = ß + ÍÈêîãäà ÍÅ + áûë(à) ,
I + never + believed = ß + ÍÈêîãäà ÍÅ + âåðèë(à) –
(“never” = “no+ever”)
– â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå åñòü ñëîâà,
êîòîðûå ÑÐÀÇÓ æå çíà÷àò
«ÍÈêîãäà ÍÅ », «ÍÈêòî ÍÅ »,
«ÍÈ÷òî ÍÅ » è ò. ï., ïîýòîìó
ïðèáàâëÿòü ê íèì
åù¸ îäíî îòðèöàíèå “NOT” èëè “NO”
ÍÅ íóæíî !;
“
other people’S affairs” = «
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïðèáàâëåíèå ê ñëîâó
áóêâû “’s” ÷åðåç àïîñòðîô
îçíà÷àåò «âëàäåëüöà» ÷åãî-íèáóäü,
ïðè÷¸ì àíãëèéñêèé ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ
â îáÿçàòåëüíîì ïîðÿäêå ÈÇÌÅÍßÅÒÑß
(ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ðóññêèì)
è âûãëÿäèò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:
” = ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ;
**** “Any” ïîñëå ëþáîãî îòðèöàíèÿ (è ïîñëå “never”)
çíà÷èò «íèêàêîé»;
***** Òàêîé ôîðìîé ïîä÷åðêèâàåòñÿ ïðîöåññ
(«ß áûëà
è òàíöåâàëà»);
1
****** Ñî÷åòàíèå “Keep + INGîâàÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà”
ïåðåäà¸ò è ïîñòîÿííîå äåéñòâèå;
òîãäà êàê â ðóññêîé ÷àñòè ãëàãîëû è ïðîèçâîäíûå îò íèõ ôîðìû ñòîÿò âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå («áûëÈ», «çàòÿíóòÛ»).
Ýòî – ïðèìåð òîãî, ÷òî ñóùåñòâóþò àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà, èìåþùèå òîëüêî åäèíñòâåííîå ÷èñëî (çäåñü, íàïðèìåð, ñëîâî
“hair” = «âîëîñÛ»), è ñ êîòîðûìè àíãëèéñêèå ãëàãîëû òàêæå
óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ òîëüêî â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå
(“is”, “was”).
154
2
3
«Äðóãèõ ëþä’åé + äåëà»,
òî åñòü ÑÍÀ×ÀËÀ ñòàâèòñÿ «ÂËÀÄÅËÅÖ»
(ñ åãî îïðåäåëåíèÿìè),
******* Ïðîøó Âàñ îáðàòèòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà òî,
÷òî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå â àíãëèéñêîé ÷àñòè
óïîòðåáëåíà ôîðìà “WAS” – òî åñòü ãëàãîë “BE”
â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè è â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå,
äåëà äðóãÈÕ ëþä’ÅÉ» –
à òîëüêî ÏÎÒÎÌ òî, ×ÅÌ «âëàäåþò»;
“
life MADE me
” – ãëàãîë “MAKE” â ñî÷åòàíèè
ñ äðóãèìè ãëàãîëàìè èìååò çíà÷åíèå
«çàñòàâëÿòü», «ïðèíóæäàòü».
Ïðè óïîòðåáëåíèè åãî â ýòîì çíà÷åíèè
âòîðîé ãëàãîë
(òî åñòü òî, ×ÒÎ çàñòàâëÿþò äåëàòü)
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â 1-é (= ñëîâàðíîé) ôîðìå
(= ÁÅÇ ÷àñòèöû “to”),
155
íàïðèìåð:
Áåç “to”!
↓
Îíà çàñòàâèëà ìåíÿ + ðåøèòü ýòó ïðîáëåìó.
ìèè + ñîëâ ðèñ ïðîáëåì.
Øüè
ìýéä
me + SOLVE this problem.
She
MADE
Íî ïåðåä ñàìèì “make” ÷àñòèöó “to”
còàâèòü ìîæíî è íóæíî:
Áåç “to”!
↓
Îí (ïî)ïûòàëñÿ çàñòàâèò ü ìåíÿ + ñîæàëåòü
îá ýòîì.
ò óìýéê
ìèè + ðèãðýò ýáàóò èò.
Õè
òðàéä
to MAKE må + REGRET about it.
He
tried
1
NB.
2
Çàïîìíèòå òàêóþ «ñõåìêó»:
make + ñóùåñòâèò. = «äåëàòü» ÷òî-òî,
make + ãëàãîë
= «çàñòàâëÿòü» (äåëàòü ÷òî-òî).
“I USED to
” – ãëàãîë “USE” â ôîðìå “ useD to
â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ äðóãèìè ãëàãîëàìè
”
ïðèäà¸ò äåéñòâèþ çíà÷åíèå ïîâòîðÿåìîñòè, ðåãóëÿðíîñòè
â ïðîøëîì.
Îí ìîæåò ïåðåâîäèòüñÿ «íåãëàãîëüíûìè» ñëîâàìè
(íàïðèìåð, íàðå÷èÿìè)
«áûâàëî», «ðåãóëÿðíî», «çà÷àñòóþ», «îáû÷íî» è ò. ï.;
“I kept noticing him” = «ß ïîñòîÿííî îáðàùàëà íà íåãî
âíèìàíèå».
“I kept noticing thàt ” = «ß âñ¸ âðåìÿ çàìå÷àëà, ÷òî » –
– ñî÷åòàíèå ãëàãîëà “KEEP”
ñ INGîâîé ôîðìîé äðóãîãî ãëàãîëà
îçíà÷àåò ïîñòîÿííóþ ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü äåéñòâèÿ,
îáîçíà÷àåìîãî ýòèì äðóãèì ãëàãîëîì.
 ýòîé êîíñòðóêöèè ïî ëèöàì è ïî âðåìåíàì
èçìåíÿåòñÿ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ãëàãîë “KEEP”
“I didn’t want to
” – îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëîâ
â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îáðàçóåòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè
4 îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ÷àñòèö:
“DON’T” è “DOESN’T” (äëÿ íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè),
(äëÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè)
“DIDN’T”
(äëÿ áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè),
è “WON’T”
ïîëíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðóññêîìó «
Îíè (ýòè 4 àíãëèéñêèõ «íå») ðàçäåëÿþòñÿ
ïîýòîìó
↑
→ → → → → → →
íå
».
ïî âðåìåíàì,
(“kept” – ýòî 2-ÿ ôîðìà,
òî åñòü ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “keep” =
= â äàííîì ñëó÷àå: «ïðîäîëæàëà»);
WAS sculptureD,
= òî÷íî êàê ïî-ðóññêè: «ÁÛË èçâàÿÍ»,
WAS pullED tight =
«ÁÛËè ïëîòíî çàòÿíóÒû» –
– ôîðìà íà “+(e)D” = “pullED” –
– ýòî 3-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà,
ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ Ïàññèâíûì Îïðåäåëåíèåì.
↓
ýòèìè æå ÷àñòèöàìè ìû ïîêàçûâàåì è âðåìÿ «îòðèöàíèÿ»
(èëè ïî íèì ìû âèäèì/ñëûøèì âðåìÿ ýòîãî «îòðèöàíèÿ»);
156
157
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹28
È çäåñü ↓ îáðàùàéòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
íà âûäåëåííûå îêîí÷àíèÿ ðóññêèõ èçìåíÿåìûõ ñëîâ,
êîòîðûå â àíãëèéñêîì íå èçìåíÿþòñÿ.
Òàêæå ñëåäèòå
çà íåñîîòâåòñòâèåì ðóññêèõ è àíãëèéñêèõ ïðåäëîãîâ.
“AN AFFAIR”
«Æí
«ÈÍÒÐÈÆÊÀ».
ýôýý».
I was there alone,
Àé wîç ðýý ýëîóí,
ß áûëÀ òàì îäíÀ,
so was
ñîó wîç
òàê æå êàê è
my old friend X,
ìàé îóëä ôðýíä Ýêñ,
ìîÉ ñòàðÛÉ äðóã Õ.,
whom I hadn’t seen
õóyì Àé õæäíò ñèèí
êîòîðÎÃÎ ÿ íå âèäåëà
(äî ýòîãî ìîìåíòà)
ìíîãî ëåò.
It happenED
Èò õæïíÄ
Ýòî ïðîèçîøËî,
for years.
ôîî éèýç.
or, rather,
îî, ðààðý,
èëè, ñêîðåå,
I + diDn’t have to +
Àé + äèÄíò õæâ ò ó +
it diD no´ t happen
èò äèÄ íîò õæïí
ÍÅ ïðîèçîøËî
+ tell him that
+ òýë õèì ðæò
+ ãîâîðèò ü åìó, ÷òî
at a hotel in London.
æò ýõîóòýë èí Ëàíäýí.
â îäíÎÉ ãîñòèíèöÅ
â ËîíäîíÅ.
I was in the middle
Àé wîç èí ðýìèäë
ÿ áûëÀ â ðàçãàðÅ
The kind of hotel
Ðýêàéíä îâ õîóòýë
Òèï ãîñòèíèöû,
of a love crisis –
îâ ý ëàâ êðàécèñ –
ëþáîâíÎÃÎ êðèçèñÀ –
where couples
wýý êàïëç
ãäå ïàðû
– he haD already guessED. îí óæå äîãàäàËñÿ
– õè õæÄ îîëðýäè
ãýñÒ.
(«ê òîìó âðåìåíè»).
sign in as
ñàéí èí æç
ðåãèñòðèðóÞÒñÿ êàê
That’s why
Ðæò’ñ wàé
Âîò ïî÷åìó
Mr. and Mrs. Smith
Ìèñòý æíä Ìèñèç Ñìèθ
ìèñòåð è ìèññèñ Ñìèò
he suggestED
õè ñýäæüåñòèÄ
îí ïðåäëÎÆÈË
or Mr. and Mrs. Jones.
îî Ìèñòý æíä Ìèñèç Äæ¸óíç.
èëè Mð. è Mññ. Äæîóíñ.
moving from the bar
ìóóâèíã ôðîì ðýáàà
158
1
2
1
ß + íå äîëæíà áûËà +
2
ïåðåéòè èç áàðÀ
(«ïåðåõîä»)
159
to one of
ò ó wàí îâ
â îäíÓ èç
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
that I couldn’t* handle
ðæò Àé êóäíò õæíäë
↓
← ← ←↓
÷òî ÿ íå ñìîãëà* áû
ñïðàâèòüñÿ (ñ)
the private rooms.
ðý ïðàéâèò ðóìç.
îòäåëüíÛÕ êîìíàò.
any more complications
ýíè ìîî êýìïëèêýéøüíç
íè ñ êàêÈÌÈ äîïîëíèòåëüíÛÌÈ òðóäíîñòßÌÈ
Here I
tolD him
Õèý Àé òîóëÄ õèì
Çäåñü ÿ ðàññêàçàËà åìó,
in my** life.
èí ìàé ëàéô.
â ñâîÅÉ** æèçíÈ.
what my problem was.
wîò ìàé ïðîáëåì wîç.
â ÷¸ì áûëÀ ìîß ïðîáëåìà.
Things were
θèíãç wœœ
Äåëà îáñòîÿËè
He gave me sober,
Õè ãýéâ ìèè ñîóáý,
Îí äàË ìíå òðåçâûå,
bad enough, I sighED.
áæä èíàô, Àé ñàéÄ.
äîñòàòî÷íî ïëîõî,
âçäîõíóËa ÿ.
disinterested advice.
äèñèíòðèñòèä ýäâàéñ.
ðàâíîäóøíûå ñîâåòû.
Êîãäà ìû + ïîäíÿËèñü
Hours of tears and
Àóýç îâ òèýç æíä
Ïîñëå ÷àñΠñë¨Ç è
As we + maDe our way
Æç wè + ìýéÄ àóý wýé
ââåðõ ïî ëåñòíèöÅ,
hand holding later,
õæíä õîóëäèíã ëýéòý,
äåðæàíèÿ çà ðóêè
up the stairs,
àï ðýñòýýç,
îí äàË ìíå
he suggestED that
õè ñýäæüåñòèÄ ðæò
îí ïðåäëÎÆÈË, ÷òîáû
he gave me
õè ãýéâ ìèè
1
2
3
→
3
1
2
we retire
wè ðèòàéý
ìû óäàëèëèñü
his** room number
õèç
ðóì íàìáý
to his bedroom.
ò ó õèç áýäðóì.
â åãî ñïàëüíÞ.
just + in case
äæÿñò + èíêýéñ
ïðîñòî + íà òîò ñëó÷àé,
I saiD* no,
Àé ñýÄ íîó,
ß ñêàçàËà «ÍÅÒ»,
I change my mind.
Àé ÷ýéíäæü ìàé ìàéíä.
(åñëè) ÿ ïåðåäóìàþ.
that it wasn’t* a good idea,
ýãóä àéäèý,
ðæò èò wîçíò
÷òî ýòî íåóäà÷íàÿ ìûñëü,
“Will we still be
«Wèë wè ñòèë áèè
«Ìû åù¸ áóäåì
160
íîìåð ñâîÅÉ** êîìíàòÛ
161
friendS, –
ôðýíäÇ, –
äðóçüÿÌÈ, –
I sobbED, –
Àé ñîáÄ, –
âñõëèïíóËa ÿ, –
if I don’t***
èô Àé äîíò
åñëè*** ÿ íå
I believe that
Àé áèëèèâ ðæò
ß âåðþ, ÷òî
change*** my mind?”.
÷ýéíäæü ìàé ìàéíä?».
ïåðåäóìàþ?»***.
there’s + never + been
ðýý’ç + íýâý + áèèí
ü + íèêîãäà íå + áûëî
He + gave me a nod
Õè + ãýéâ ìèè ýíîä
Îí + êèâíóË ìíå,
a more exciting time
ý ìîî èêñàéòèíã òàéì
áîëåå èíòåðåñíîãî âðåìåíè
that coulD easiLY
ðæò êóÄ èèçèËÈ
÷òî ìîãËî ëåãêÎ
to be a woman.
ò ýáèè ýwóìýí.
(÷tîáû) áûò ü æåíùèíîé.
have meant “No”
õæâ ìýíò «Íîó»
çíà÷èòü «Íåò»,
Sure, there are still
Øþý, ðýý àà ñòèë
as “Yes”.
æç «Åñ».
òàê æå êàê è «Äà».
many “challenges” –
ìýíè «÷æëåíäæüèç» –
ìíîãî «âûçîâîâ» –
the disparity in levels
ðý äèñïæðèòè èí ëåâýëç
íåðàâåíñòâî â óðîâíå
of pay for men and women,
îâ ïýé ôîî ìýí æíä wèìèí,
îïëàòû ìóæ÷èí è æåíùèí,
the constant threat
ðý êîíñòýíò θðýò
ïîñòîÿííàÿ óãðîçà
of violence and crime,
îâ âàéýëýíñ æíä êðàéì,
íàñèëèÿ è ïðåñòóïíîñòè,
the perpetuation
ðý ïýïýòúþýéøüí
óâåêîâå÷èâàíèå
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹29
“MEN
«Ìýí
1
** Ïîìíèì, ÷òî
îáùåãî
ñëîâà «ñâîé» â àíãëèéñêîì
íåò !;
*** Ïîñëå “if” â 99% ñëó÷àåâ íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
“will” è “shall”
(êðîìå âûðàæåíèÿ âåæëèâîñòè
“if you will!” = «ïîæàëóéñòà!»).
WOMEN
È
2
TODAY”.
wèìèí
æíä
«ÌÓÆ×ÈÍÛ
* Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå:
âñå 3 ñëîâà èìåþò ôîðìó ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè –
ýòî ïðèìåð îáÿçàòåëüíîãî «ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ âðåì¸í»
âíóòðè àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ;
162
AND
òýäýé».
ÆÅÍÙÈÍÛ ÑÅÃÎÄÍß».
→
2
1
Êîíå÷íî, åù¸ ñóùåñòâóþò
(= «èìåþòñÿ»)
163
I sense an optimism
Àé ñýíñ æíîïòèìèçýì
ÿ ÷óâñòâóþ (ïðèñóòñòâèå)
îïòèìèçì(à)
in the air.
èí ðý ýý.
(â âîçäóõå).
It’s there + not only
Èò’ñ ðýý + íîò îóíëè
Îí åñòü + íå òîëüêî
because + young women
áèêîîç + ÿíã wèìèí
ïîòîìó, ÷òî + ìîëîäûå
æåíùèíû
today are strongÅr**,
òýäýé àà ñòðîíãÝ,
ñåãîäíÿ ü ñèëüíÅå**,
bravÅr**,
áðýéâÝ,
õðàáðÅå**,
more exceptional**
ìîî èêñýïøüíë
áîëåå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíû**,
than + ever,
ðæí + ýâý,
÷åì + êîãäà áû òî íè áûëî,
(÷òî) áëàãîäàðÿ ïðåäûäóùèì
but also because,
áàò îîëñîó áèêîîç,
íî òàêæå è ïîòîìó, ÷òî,
of women,
generations
äæüåíýðýéøüíç îâ wèìèí,
ïîêîëåíèÿì æåíùèí
despite + the ever-more
äèñïàéò + ðý ýâýìîî
íåñìîòðÿ íà + âñ¸ áîëåå
times + are changing*.
òàéìñ + àà ÷ýéíäæüèíã.
âðåìåíà + ìåíÿþòñÿ*.
competitive and stressful
êýìïýòèòèâ æíä ñòðýñôóë
êîíêóðåíòíîå è íàïðÿæ¸ííîå
When I talk
Wýí Àé òîîê
Êîãäà ÿ ðàçãîâàðèâàþ
society in which we live,
ñýñàéýòè èí wèò÷ wè ëèâ,
îáùåñòâî, â êîòîðîì ìû
æèâ¸ì,
to other young women,
ò ó àðý ÿíã wèìèí,
ñ äðóãèìè
ìîëîäûìè æåíùèíàìè,
the opportunities
ðý ýïýòúþóíèòèç
âîçìîæíîñòè
Êåì?
↓
by certain influential
áàé ñœœòí èíôëþýíøüåë
îïðåäåë¸ííûìè
âëèÿòåëüíûìè
strands of society
ñòðæíäç îâ ñýñàéýòè
êðóãàìè îáùåñòâà
(«îô îáùåñòâî»)
of ridiculous female
îâ ðèäèêúþëýñ ôèèìýéë
ñìåøíûõ æåíñêèõ
stereotypes,
ñòèýðèîóòàéïñ,
ñòåðåîòèïîâ,
the imbalance of power.
ðý èìáæëýíñ îâ ïàóý.
íåðàâíîâåñèå âëàñòè
(«îô âëàñòü»).
I could + go on.
Àé êóä + ãîó îí.
ß ìîãëà áû + ïðîäîëæàòü.
But, the truth is,
Áàò, ðýòðóóθ èç,
Íî, ïðàâäà òàêîâà ü,
thanks to previous
θ æíêñ òó ïðèâüýñ
164
165
for women + are there.
ôîî wèìèí + àà ðýý.
äëÿ æåíùèí + èìåþòñÿ.
while + the number
wàéë + ðýíàìáý
â òî âðåìÿ êàê + ÷èñëî
But something
Áàò ñàìθèíã
Íî ÷òî-òî
of working women
îâ wœœêèíã wèìèí
ðàáîòàþùèõ æåíùèí
is happening* to + men.
èç õæïíèíã ò ó + ìýí.
ïðîèñõîäèò* ñ + ìóæ÷èíàìè.
has actually risen
õæç æê÷óýëè ðèçí
äåéñòâèòåëüíî âîçðîñëî
by 2 millioN****.
áàé òóó ìèëüýÍ.
íà 2 ìèëëèîíà****.
Ìen can be åxcited
Ìýí êæí áèè èêñàéòèä
Ìóæ÷èíû ìîãóò áûòü
çàèíòðèãîâàíû
They say***
Ðýé ñýé
→
Ãîâîðÿò, (÷òî)
they’re having trouble*
ðýé’ð õæâèíã òðàáë
èì òðóäíî
“keeping their heads
«êèèïèíã ðýý õýäç
«óäåðæèâàòü (ñâîè) ãî´ëîâû
(«óäåðæèâàÿ»)
above water” –
ýáàâ wîîòý» –
íàä âîäîé»
as lovers, as fathers
æç ëàâýç, æç ôààðýç
êàê ëþáîâíèêàì, êàê îòöàì
successful women,
ñýêñýñôóë wèìèí,
and as workers.
æíä æç wœœêýç.
è êàê ðàáîòíèêàì.
but they can
áàò ðýé êæí
The number of men in work
Ðýíàìáý îâ ìýí èí wœœê
×èñëî ðàáîòàþùèõ ìóæ÷èí
feel
intimidateÄ
ôèèë èíòèìèäýéòèÄ
has dropped + by almost
õæç äðîïò + áàé îîëìîóñò
ñîêðàòèëîñü + ïî÷òè íà
(«óïàëî»)
3 millioN****
θðèè ìèëüýÍ
3 ìèëëèîíà****
↓
ü
by them, too.
áàé ðýì, ò óó.
over the last
20
years,
îóâý ðýëààñò òwýíòè éèýç,
çà ïîñëåäíèå 20 ëåò,
A 30-yeàrs-old bachelor says: Îäèí 30-ëåòíèé õîëîñòÿê
Ý θœœòè éèýç îóëä áæ÷ýëý ñýç:
ãîâîðèò :
166
Êåì?
↓
by powerful,
áàé ïàóýôóë,
ñèëüíûìè
óäà÷ëèâûìè æåíùèíàìè,
ü
íî òàêæå îíè ìîãóò
÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ
çàïóãÀÍíûìè.
Êåì?
èìè.
167
“Four years + ago
«Ôîî éèýç + ýãîó
«×åòûðå ãîäà +
+ (òîìó) íàçàä
she dumped me”.
øüè äàìïò ìèè».
îíà ìåíÿ áðîñèëà».
I dateD + a girl,
Àé äýéòèÄ + ý㜜ë,
ÿ âñòðå÷àËñÿ ñ + äåâóøêîé,
Though, + there are
Ðîó + ðýý àà
Õîòÿ + èìåþòñÿ (è)
who earned
õóó œœíä
êîòîðàÿ çàðàáàòûâàëà
other cases.
àðý êýéñèç.
äðóãèå ñëó÷àè.
A
29
years-old
Ý òwýíòè íàéí éèýç îóëä
Îäèí 29-ëåòíèé
sales executive says:
ñýéëç èãçýêúþòèâ ñýç:
àãåíò ïî ïðîäàæàì
ðàññêàçûâàåò:
“I earn
«Àé œœí
«ß çàðàáàòûâàþ
much less
ìàò÷ ëåñ
ãîðàçäî ìåíüøå,
than my girl-friend.
ðæí ìàé 㜜ëôðýíä.
÷åì ìîÿ ïîäðóãà.
I always knew
Àé îîëwýéç íúþó
ß âñåãäà çíàë,
twiće as much as me´*****, â äâà ðàçà áîëüøå, ÷åì
òwàéñ æç ìàò÷ æç ìèè,
ÿ***** (= «äâàæäû êàê ÿ»),
and was more successful**
æíä wîç ìîî ñýêñýñôóë
è áûëà áîëåå óñïåøíà**
professionally.
ïðýôýøüíëè.
â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîì ïëàíå
(«ïðîôåññèîíàëüíî»).
BMW
car,
She had a
Øüè õæä ý áèè ýì äàáë þó êàà,
Ó íå¸ áûëà «ÁÌ»,
a big flat and she
ýáèã ôëæò æíä øüè
áîëüøàÿ êâàðòèðà, è îíà
shopped in Bond Street.
ø¸ïò èí Áîíä Ñòðèèò.
ïîêóïàëà âåùè íà Áîíä-ñòðèò.
But when she realized that
Áàò wýí øüè ðèýëàéçä ðæò
Íî êîãäà îíà ïîíÿëà, ÷òî
she was a high earner****** (÷òî) îíà õîðîøî ïîëóøüè wîç ý õàé œœíý
÷àåò****** («ïîëó÷àëà»),
even before
èèâí áèôîî
äàæå äî òîãî,
I was lowÅR than her***** ÿ (íàõîäèëñÿ) íèæÅ
Àé wîç ëîóÝ ðæí õœœ
íå¸*****
we started
dating.
wè ñòààòèä äýéòèíã.
êàê ìû íà÷àëè
âñòðå÷àòüñÿ.
on the social ladder,
îí ðýñîóøüåë ëæäý,
It’s not
Èò’ñ íîò
168
íà ñîöèàëüíîé ëåñòíèöå,
1
1
Ýòî – ü íå
169
a big enough issue
ýáèã èíàô èñúþó
íàñòîëüêî áîëüøîå äåëî,
or by
îî áàé
èëè íà òîì, ÷òîáû
to ruin
ò ó ðóèí
÷tîáû ðàçðóøèò ü
blowing some money
áëîóèíã ñàì ìàíè
ïðîêóòèòü êàêèå-òî äåíüãè
(«ïðîêó÷èâàíèåì»)
our relationship,
àóý ðèëýéøüíøüèï,
íàø êîìïëåêñ îòíîøåíèé,
on a romantic meal.
îí ý ðýìæíòèê ìèèë.
íà ðîìàíòè÷åñêèé îáåä.
but I sometimes
áàò Àé ñàìòàéìç
íî ÿ èíîãäà
I have to do these things
Àé õæâ ò ó äóó ðèèç θèíãç
feel
emasculated,
ôèèë èìæñêúþëýéòèä,
÷óâñòâóþ ñåáÿ
êàñòðèðîâàííûì,
such as + when she pays
ñàò÷ æç + wýí øüè ïýéç
êàê, íàïðèìåð, + êîãäà îíà
ïëàòèò
for our holidays (ìí. ÷.)
ôîî àóý õîëèäýéç
çà íàø îòäûõ
or picks up the bill
îî ïèêñàï ðýáèë
èëè ðàçáèðàåòñÿ ñî ñ÷¸òîì
in a restaurant.
èí ýðýñòðîíã.
â ðåñòîðàíå.
I insist on treating her
Àé èíñèñò îí òðèèòèíã õœœ
ß íàñòàèâàþ íà òîì, ÷òîáû
now and again
íàó æíä ýãåí
âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè äàðèòü åé
with little presents
wèð ëèòë ïðýçíòñ
ìàëåíüêèå ïîäàðêè,
when she’s not expecting* it,
wýí øüè’ç íîò èêñïýêòèíã èò,
êîãäà îíà ýòîãî íå æä¸ò*,
2
170
2
1
2+1*******
2*******
to keep my ego intact».
ò ýêèèï ìàé èãîó èíòæêò».
1
2
ß äîëæåí äåëàò ü ýòè âåùè,
÷tîáû ñîõðàíèò ü â öåëîñòè
ìî¸ «ýãî».
* Òàêèì îáðàçîì ïåðåäà¸òñÿ ïðîöåññ –
– òî åñòü íåïðåðûâíîå, «äëèòåëüíîå» äåéñòâèå;
** Âîò Âàì ñðàçó îáà ïðèìåðà îáðàçîâàíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ
ñòåïåíåé ñðàâíåíèÿ:
1) “+(e)R” ê ñëîâàì,
ê êîòîðûì åù¸ íèêàêîe îêîí÷àíèå íå áûëî ïðèáàâëåíî:
(“strong” → “strongER”
«ñèëüíûé» → «ñèëüíÅå»);
2) “more” (= «áîëå-å») ïåðåä ñëîâàìè,
ê êîòîðûì óæå áûëî ÷òî-òî ïðèáàâëåíî:
(“exept+ion+al” → “more exeptional”);
*** Â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü ñóáúåêò
(òî åñòü äåéñòâóþùåå ëèöî).
Ïîýòîìó â ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ íàøèì «áåçëè÷íûì» âûðàæåíèÿì
«Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî » èëè «Ïèøóò, ÷òî »
àíãëîÿçû÷íûå âñòàâëÿþò ìåñòîèìåíèå «Îíè» = “They”,
è òîãäà ýòè âûðàæåíèÿ çâó÷àò ïî-àíãëèéñêè óæå êàê
«Îíè ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî » (“They say that ”)
è «Îíè ïèøóò, ÷òî » (“They write that ”);
171
**** Ïî-ðóññêè – «3 ìèëëèîíÀ» (= ìíîæ. ÷èñëî) ÷åãî-òî,
à ïî-àíãëèéñêè – «3 ìèëëèîÍ » (÷åãî-òî)
= “3 millioN” (áåç “+S”);
***** Ïîñëå îáîðîòà
“ as much as ”
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òîëüêî (àíãëèéñêîå) îáúåêòíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå.
Êðîìå ýòîãî,
ïî-ðóññêè åñòü äâå âîçìîæíîñòè
ñðàâíèòü êîãî-ëèáî ñ êåì-ëèáî:
è:
1) Îí ñèëüíåå, +
÷åì ÿ;
2) Îí ñèëüíåå +
ìåíÿ.
Ïî-àíãëèéñêè æå (áóêâàëüíî!) íóæíî/ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü
òîëüêî:
«Îí ñèëüíåå +
÷åì ìåíÿ» !!!
↑
Îáúåêòíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå !
as
than +
÷åì
{
me
you
him
her
it
us
them;
****** Ýòî – ïðèìåð «ñî÷åòàåìîñòè âðåì¸í»,
òàê êàê îáå ÷àñòè àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
ñòîÿò â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè.
******* Ãëàãîë “do” ÿâëÿåòñÿ âòîðûì ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê “have”,
íî ïåðâûì äëÿ “keep” !!!
172
È, íà çàêóñêó – ïàðà ñòðî÷åê èç “The Beatles”:
“If + I FELL in love*
«Èô + Àé ÔÝË èí ëàâ
«Åñëè áû + ÿ âëþáèëñÿ
With you,
Wèð þó,
 òåáÿ,
1
WOULD you promise**
þó ïðîìèñ
WÓÄ
2
To be true
Òó áèè òðóó
3
Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, âñ¸ ýòî âûãëÿäèò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:
As much
She is better
Îíà – ëó÷øå,
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹30
1
Ïîîáåùàëà ÁÛ òû
2
Áûò ü âåðíîé
3
And HELP me ***
Æíä ÕÝËÏ ìèè
È ïîìî÷ü ìíå
Understand?
Àíäýñòæíä?
Ïîíÿòü?
’Ñause I’ve been****
«Êîîç Àéâ áèèí
Ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ (óæå)
In love before,
Èí ëàâ áèôîî,
Âëþáëÿëñÿ ðàíüøå
And I found
Æíä Àé ôàóíä
È ÿ îáíàðóæèë,
Òhat love is more
Ðæò ëàâ èç ìîî
×òî ëþáîâü – ýòî áîëüøå,
Than just
Ðæí äæÿñò
×åì ïðîñòî
173
Holding handS
Õîóëäèíã õæíäç
”*****.
».
Äåðæàíèå çà ðóêè
».
***
ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
* “If + I FELL in love
” = «Åñëè áû + ÿ ÂËÞÁÈËÑß
» –
– íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïîñëå “IF” â åãî ñìûñëå
«ÅÑËÈ ÁÛ
» ãëàãîëû (êàê è â ðóññêîì
ÿçûêå!) óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ ÒÎËÜÊÎ âî 2-é
ôîðìå (ò. å. â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè):
“FELL” = 2-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà “FALL” – «ôîîë» = «ïàäàòü»;
** “WOULD you promise ?” = «Òû ÁÛ ïîîáåùàëà
?» –
– âîïðîñû ñ (ìîäàëüíûìè) ýëåìåíòàìè
çàäàþòñÿ ÁÅÇ âîïðîñèòåëüíîé ÷àñòèöû “DO ?” –
– ñàìèìè ýòèìè ýëåìåíòàìè,
ïðè÷¸ì ýëåìåíò âûíîñèòñÿ
â ÍÀ×ÀËÎ ïðåäëîæåíèÿ!
Ïðîèñõîäèò ýòî ïîòîìó,
÷òî ïðè ïîìîùè âñåõ àíãëèéñêèõ âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ÷àñòèö
(òî åñòü ïðè ïîìîùè “Do ?/ Does ?/ Did ?/ Will ?”)
âîïðîñû çàäàþòñÿ ê ãëàãîëàì –
!!!
– à ýëåìåíòû ãëàãîëàìè íå ÿâëÿþòñÿ
È åù¸ ðàç îáðàùàþ Âàøå âíèìàíèå
íà òî, ÷òî (â îòëè÷èå îò ðóññêîãî àíàëîãà!)
ãëàãîë, ñëåäóþùèé çà ýëåìåíòaìè “would” è/ëè “should”,
óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÍÅ â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè,
à òîëüêî â ñâîåé ÑËÎÂÀÐÍÎÉ ôîðìå
(áåç ÷àñòèöû “to”);
174
help me understand – êàê óæå ãîâîðèëîñü ðàíüøå,
ãëàãîë “help” = «ïîìîãàòü»
äîïóñêàåò óïîòðåáëåíèå ïîñëåäóþùåãî ãëàãîëà
(â äàííîì ñëó÷àå, ãëàãîëà “understand”)
ÁÅÇ ÷àñòèöû “ÒΔ
(òî åñòü â åãî ñëîâàðíîé ôîðìå).
Ýòî ìîæåò òðàêòîâàòüñÿ êàê îñîáåííîñòü
èëè âîëüíîñòü, ïðèñóùàÿ ðàçãîâîðíîé
ðå÷è, è ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå óïîòðåáëÿòü å¸
íåîñîçíàííî ìîãóò òîëüêî òå, äëÿ êîãî
àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ðîäíîé èëè ëþäè,
õîðîøî çíàþùèå àíãëèéñêèé –
– äëÿ Âàñ æå ýòî ìîãëî áû áûòü îøèáêîé;
**** “ ’Ñause I’ve been IN love before ”
– “ ’Cause” =
= ñîêðàù¸ííîå “Because”;
***** HoldING – íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî îäíî èç çíà÷åíèé
INGîâîé ôîðìû –
– ýòî îòãëàãîëüíîå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå
ñî ñìûñëîì ãëàãîëà,
ê êîòîðîìó “+ing” ïðèáàâëåíî:
“ÒÎ hold”
= «äåðæàÒÜ», à “holdING” = «äåðæÀÍÈÅ»,
“TO run”
= «áåãàÒÜ»,
“TO smoke” = «êóðèÒÜ»,
à “runnING” = «áåã», «áåãÀÍÜÅ»,
à “smokING” = «êóðÅÍÈÅ»,
“TO shoot” = «ñòðåëÿÒÜ», à “shootING” = «ñòðåëüÁÀ»,
“TO ride”
= «åçäèÒÜ»,
à “ridING”
= «åçÄÀ».
175
ÃËÀÂÀ V.
«Î ÊÍÈÃÀÕ è ÎÁ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÌ».
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹31
 ýòîì òåêñòå îáðàòèòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
íà ðàçíèöó â óïîòðåáëåíèè (è â «íåóïîòðåáëåíèè»!)
ðóññêèõ è àíãëèéñêèõ ïðåäëîãîâ.
“IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH”.
«Èìïîîòýíñ
îâ
Èíãëèøü».
«ÂÀÆÍÎÑÒÜ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÃλ.
1-é ãëàãîë
2-é ãëàãîë
1
2
I like to travel.
Àé ëàéê ò ó òðæâë.
ß ëþáëþ ïóòåøåñòâîâàò ü.
I have been to*
Àé õæâ áèèí ò ó
ß áûë â(-î)*
many Europian
ìýíè Þýðýïèýí
ìíîãèõ åâðîïåéñêèõ
countries.
êàíòðèç.
ñòðàíàõ.
1
It is + always
Èò èç + îîëwýéç
ü + Âñåãäà
very exciting
âýðè èêñàéòèíã
î÷åíü âîëíóþùå
2
3
and to see new places.
æíä ò ó ñèè íúþó ïëýéñèç.
è âèäåò ü íîâûå ìåñòà.́
When you get
Wýí þó ãýò
Êîãäà Âû ïîïàäàåòå
to*** a foreign country,
ýôîðèí êàíòðè,
òó
â*** ÷óæóþ ñòðàíó
1
you always want
þó îîëwýéç wîíò
2
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1
Âû âñåãäà õîòèòå
2
to learn
ò ó 뜜í
óçíàò ü
aś much as po´ssible
æç ìàò÷ æç ïîñèáë
êàê ìîæíî áîëüøå
(= «ñòîëüêî, ñêîëüêî
âîçìîæíî»)
about places
ýáàóò ïëýéñèç
î ìåñòàõ,
↓ ← Â êîíåö! ← ↑
you’ve heard about *****.
þó’â õœœä ýáàóò.
î (êîòîðûõ)**** Âû
ñëûõàëè.
So, + you always
Ñîó, + þó îîëwýéç
Òàê ÷òî, + Âû âñåãäà
1
2
1
2
have to + read
õæâ ò ó + ðèèä
äîëæíû + ÷èòàò ü
city-guides
ñèòè ãàéäç
ïóòåâîäèòåëè
to meet**
ò ó ìèèò
âñòðå÷àò üñÿ ñ**
and ask
æíä ààñê
è ïðîñèòü
new people**
íúþó ïèèïë
íîâûìè ëþäüìè
local people
ëîóêýë ïèèïë
ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé
176
177
for*** help.
ôîî
õýëï.
î*** ïîìîùè.
language in the world.
ëæíãwèäæü èí ðýwœœëä.
That’s (the reason) why
Ðæò’ñ (ðýðèèçí) wàé
Âîò ïî÷åìó
It’s + very useful
Èò’ñ + âýðè þóñôóë
I pay
Àé ïýé
ÿ îáðàùàþ
so much attention
ñîó ìàò÷ ýòýíøüí
òàê ìíîãî âíèìàíèÿ
to*** my
ìàé
òó
íà*** ìîè
English lessons.
Èíãëèøü ëåñíç.
çàíÿòèÿ Àíãëèéñêèì
(= «Àíãëèéñêèå óðîêè»).
Though many people
Ðîó ìýíè ïèèïë
in Europe
èí Þóýðýï
speak or understand
ñïèèê îî àíäýñòæíä
ü
Russian now,
Ðàøüí íàó,
ü + Î÷åíü ïîëåçíî
2
to speak English
áåãëî ãîâîðèò ü
ò ó ñïèèê Èíãëèøü
ïî-Àíãëèéñêè,
↑
fluently – ôëþóýíòëè → → →
since this****** knowledge
ñèíñ ðèñ
íîîëèäæü
1
2
òàê êàê ýòè çíàíèÿ******
1
2
helps****** to destroy
ò ó äèñòðîé
õýëïñ
ïîìîãàþò óíè÷òîæèò ü
ìíîæåñòâî èñêóññòâåííûõ
Õîòÿ ìíîãèå (ëþäè)
many artificial
ìýíè ààòèôèøüë
áàðüåðîâ
â Åâðîïå
barriers
áæðèýç
between people.
áèòwèèí ïèèïë.
ìåæäó ëþäüìè.
ü
ñåé÷àñ ãîâîðÿò èëè
ïîíèìàþò
ïî-Ðóññêè,
the English
language
ðý Èíãëèøü ëæíãwèäæü
Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê
remains the most
ðèìýéíç ðýìîóñò
îñòà¸òñÿ ñàìûì
popular international
ïîïúþëý èíòýíæøüíë
ïîïóëÿðíûì
ìåæäóíàðîäíûì
178
1
ÿçûêîì â ìèðå.
* «Ïîáûâàòü â
» ïî-àíãëèéñêè áóäåò “have been
to
”,
à íå “in” (+ ñòð. 121);
** Ìeet people,
speak Russian
= «Âñòðå÷àòüñÿ Ñ ëþäüìè»,
= «Ãîâîðèòü ÏÎ ðóññêè», è ò. ï.
Åñòü ñëó÷àè, êîãäà àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë
óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ïðåäëîãà,
à åãî ðóññêèé ýêâèâàëåíò – ñ ïðåäëîãîì!
(è íàîáîðîò:
«æäàòü ü êîãî-òî» = “wait for someone”);
179
*** Get to a country, ask for help, – Íàïîìèíàþ,
pay attention to
÷òî àíãëèéñêèì ïðåäëîãàì
ÍÅ âñåãäà ñîîòâåòñòâóþò
èõ ðóññêèå «áðàòüÿ»;
**** “
places ü you’ve =
heard about”
«
ìåñòà, î êîòîðûõ
Âû ñëûõàëè».
Ìû óæå çíàåì, ÷òî ñëîâî “that”
â àíãëèéñêîì äîâîëüíî ÷àñòî ïðîïóñêàåòñÿ;
***** “... places you’ve heard ABOUT” =
= «... ìåñòà,́ Î (êîòîðûõ) Âû ñëûõàëè».
Ñâîåîáðàçíîé îñîáåííîñòüþ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà
ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü ñòàâèòü ÏÐÅÄËÎÃÈ
ïîñëå ñëîâ, ê êîòîðûì îíè îòíîñÿòñÿ,
à èìåííî – â ñàìûé êîíåö ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
Ðàíüøå ýòà âîçìîæíîñòü áûëà îñîáåííîñòüþ ðàçãîâîðíîãî ÿçûêà, òåïåðü æå îíà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ áåç îãðàíè÷åíèé,
íàïðèìåð:
1
2
Òhe man I managed to talk ÒÎ =
Ðýìæí Àé ìæíèäæüä òýòîîê ÒÓ
= ×åëîâåê, Ñ êîòîðûì ìíå óäàëîñü ïîãîâîðèò ü.
Òhe girl you loved BEFORE = Äåâóøêà, êîòîðóþ
Ðý㜜ë þó ëàâä ÁÈÔÎÎ
òû ëþáèë «Äλ ...
Òhe help we thanked FOR = Ïîìîùü, ÇÀ êîòîðóþ ìû
Ðýõýëï wè θæíêò ÔÎÎ
(ïî-)áëàãîäàðèëè;
****** thiS knowledgE helpS – â àíãëèéñêîì ñóùåñòâóþò
ñëîâà, óïîòðåáëÿþùèåñÿ ïî-àíãëèéñêè
ÒÎËÜÊÎ â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå,
â òî âðåìÿ êàê íåêîòîðûå
èõ ðóññêèå ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ
ìîãóò èìåòü è åäèíñòâåííîå,
è ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷è´ñëà,
180
íàïðèìåð:
advice
= ñîâåò/-û
ýäâàéñ
craft
= ñóä/-íî/-à
êðààôò
evidence = äîêàçàòåëüñòâ/-î/-à
ýâèäýíñ
furniture = ìåáåëü
ôœœíèò÷ý
hair
= âîëîñ/-û
õýý
knowledge = çíàíè/-å/-ÿ
íîîëèäæü
luggage
= áàãàæ.
ëàãèäæü
nonsense = åðóíäà, ÷åïóõà.
íîíñýíñ
Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, ñ ýòèìè ↑ àíãëèéñêèìè ñëîâàìè
ãëàãîëû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå
(òî åñòü ñ “+(e)S”):
THIS evidence showS ... = Ýò/î(-è) äîêàçàòåëüñòâ/î(-à)
Ðèñ ýâèäýíñ ø¸óÇ
äåìîíñòðèðó/åò(-þò) ...
TÍÅ aircraft IS big = Ò/îò(-å) ñàìîë¸ò(-û) áîëüø/îé(-èå).
Ðý ýýêðààôò èÇ áèã
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
“I have been TO London” = «ß áûë (ÏÎÁÛÂÀË)  Ëîíäîíå».
Åù¸ ðàç ïîâòîðÿþ, ÷òî
êîãäà ãîâîðÿò, êòî è ãäå «áûë» èëè
«ïîáûâàë» â ñìûñëå «ïîñåòèë»,
òî îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóþò ôîðìóëó
“ HAVE/ HAS BEEN + TO ”,
â êîòîðîé ðîëü « â » âûïîëíÿåò
ïðåäëî㠓ÒΔ, à íå “in”.
Îäíàêî ïðîøó Âàñ îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå è íà òî,
÷òî â äðóãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ óïîòðåáëåíèÿ
ýòîé ôîðìóëû ñ ãëàãîëîì “BE”
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ îáû÷íûé ïðåäëî㠓IN”:
I have been IN love before = ß âëþáëÿëñÿ è ðàíüøå.
She has never been IN this situation = Îíà íèêîãäà
íå áû(âà)ëà Â ýòîé ñèòóàöèè;
181
you HAVE TO read
– îáîðîò “HAVE TO + ÃËÀÃÎË
(â ñëîâàðíîé ôîðìå)”
ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàìåíèòåëåì/ çàìåñòèòåëåì/ ñèíîíèìîì
ýëåìåíòà “MUST” = «ÄÎËÆÅÍñòâîâàòü»,
íî ñ òîé ðàçíèöåé, ÷òî “MUST”
ÍÅ èçìåíÿåòñÿ ïî âðåìåíàì è ëèöàì,
íàïðèìåð:
à îáîðîò “HAVE TO
” èçìåíÿåòñÿ,
I + have to
= I + must
+ go home = ß + äîëæåí + èäòè äîìîé.
+ go home.
He + has to
= He + must
+ go home = Îí + äîëæåí + èäòè äîìîé.
+ go home.
Âñå + had to + go home = Âñå + äîëæíû áûëè +
+ èäò è äîìîé.
Âñå’ll have to + go home = Âñå + äîëæíû áóäóò +
+ èäò è äîìîé;
the English language – Âûðàæåíèå «Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê»
ìîæåò çâó÷àòü ïî-Àíãëèéñêè
è êàê “English”,
è êàê “the English language”,
òîãäà êàê âûðàæåíèå “the English”
çíà÷èò «Àíãëè÷àíå»;
Ïîëíîñòüþ âûðàæåíèå «Âîò ïî÷åìó
íî áîëåå ïîïóëÿðíà åãî «ñîêðàù¸ííàÿ» âåðñèÿ:
“That’s why ” – «Ðæò’ñ wàé ».
182
«Æí
Èíãëèøü
ëåñí».
«ÓÐÎÊ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÃλ.
È â ýòîì ↓ òåêñòå òàêæå îáðàùàéòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
íà ðàçíèöó â óïîòðåáëåíèè (è â «íåóïîòðåáëåíèè»!)
ðóññêèõ è àíãëèéñêèõ ïðåäëîãîâ.
We are having
Wè àà õæâèíã
Ó íàñ
an English lesson now.
æíèíãëèøü ëåñí íàó.
ñåé÷àñ óðîê Àíãëèéñêîãî.
Our teacher + is standing Íàø ó÷èòåëü + ñòîè´ò
Àóý òûû÷ý + èç ñòæíäèíã
at the blackboard and
æò ðý áëæêáîîä æíä
ó äîñêè è
(is)* writing + exercises
ðàéòèíã + ýêñýñàéçèç
ïèøåò + óïðàæíåíèÿ
and English words on it.
æíä Èíãëèøü wœœäç îí èò.
è Àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà íà íåé.
He makes it
Õè ìýéêñ èò
Îí äåëàåò ýòî
Èíñòðóìåíò (×åì?)
»
çâó÷èò ïî-àíãëèéñêè êàê “That’s the reason why
«Ðæò’ñ ðýðèèçí wàé
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹32
“AN ENGLISH LESSON”.
”,
»,
↓
with a piece of chalk.
wèð ýïèèñ îâ ò÷îîê.
Our teacher + is teaching
Àóý òûû÷ý + èç òûû÷ûíã
êóñêîì ìåëà
(«îô ìåë»).
Íàø ó÷èòåëü + ïðåïîäà¸ò
183
English to us.
Èíãëèøü ò ó àñ.
íàì Àíãëèéñêèé (ÿçûê).
we can see
wè êæí ñèè
ìû ìîæåì âèäåòü
The students + are sitting
Ðýñòúþóäýíòñ + àà ñèòèíã
Ó÷àùèåñÿ + ñèäÿò
a big city.
ýáèã ñèòè.
áîëüøîé ãîðîä.
at their desks
æò ðýý äýñêñ
çà ñâîèìè ñòîëàìè
There are** + many
Ðýý àà
+ ìýíè
 í¸ì (åñòü)** + ìíîãî
and (are)* looking at him.
æíä (aa) ëóêèíã æò õèì.
è ñìîòðÿò íà íåãî.
tall and nice
òîîë æíä íàéñ
âûñîêèõ è êðàñèâûõ
They + are writing
Ðýé + àà ðàéòèíã
Îíè + ïèøóò
buildings in it**.
áèëäèíãç èí èò.
çäàíèé.
The weather is bad,
Ðý wýðý èç áæä,
Ïîãîäà ü ïëîõàÿ,
it’s raining heavily.
èò’ñ ðýéíèíã õýâèëè.
èä¸ò ñèëüíûé äîæäü
(= «äîæäèò ñèëüíî»).
Autumn + is coming,
Îîòýì + èç êàìèíã,
Îñåíü + íàñòóïàåò,
Èíñòðóìåíò (×åì?)
↓
with pens,
wèð ïýíç,
→ → → → → →
↓
ðó÷êàìè,
and in front of + them
æíä èíôðàíò îâ + ðýì
à ïåðåä + íèìè
we can see books,
wè êæí ñèè áóêñ,
ìû ìîæåì âèäåòü êíèãè,
the leaves + are changing
ðýëèèâç + àà ÷ýéíäæüèíã
ëèñòüÿ + ìåíÿþò
exercise-books
ýêñýñàéç áóêñ
òåòðàäêè
their colors.
ðýý êàëýç.
ñâîè (= èõ) öâåòà.
and dictionaries.
æíä äèêøüíýðèç.
è ñëîâàðè.
Some of them
Ñàì îâ ðýì
Íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ
Through the windows
θ ðóó
ðýwèíäîóç
 î´êíà
(áóêâ.: «Ñêâîçü îêíà
are still green,
àà ñòèë ãðèèí,
ü âñ¸ åù¸ çåë¸íûå
of our class-room
îâ àóý êëæñ ðóì
íàøåãî êëàññà
(«îô íàø»)
but there are** already
îîëðýäè
áàò ðýý àà
íî åñòü** óæå
184
»)
185
many yellow ones ***
ìýíè åëîó wàíñ
ìíîãî æ¸ëòûõ,
lying on the ground,
ëàéèíã îí ðýãðàóíä,
2
2
show us the map
ø¸ó àñ ðýìæï
ïîêàçàò ü íàì êàðòó
ëåæàùèõ íà çåìëÅ,
of the British Isles.
îâ ðý Áðèòèøü Àéëç.
Áðèòàíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ
(«îô îñòðîâà´»).
though the grass
ðîó ðýãðààñ
õîòÿ òðàâà
On this map
Îí ðèñ ìæï
Íà ýòîé êàðòå
is still green anyway.
èç ñòèë ãðèèí ýíèwýé.
ü âñ¸ ðàâíî åù¸ çåë¸íàÿ.
we can see England,
wè êæí ñèè Èíãëýíä,
ìû ìîæåì âèäåòü Àíãëèþ,
Though the weather is bad,
ðýwýðý èç áæä,
Ðîó
Õîòÿ ïîãîäà (è) ü ïëîõàÿ,
Scotland, Wales
Ñêîòëýíä, Wýéëç
Øîòëàíäèþ, Óýëüñ
åù¸ + ü íå õîëîäíî.
and Ireland.
æíä Àéýëýíä.
è Èðëàíäèþ.
Àíãëèÿ – ýòî òîëüêî ÷àñòü
But we are
Áàò wè àà
Íî ìû ü
England is only a part
Èíãëýíä èç îóíëè ý ïààò
too busy
òóó áèçè
ñëèøêîì çàíÿòû,
of the United Kingdom,
îâ ðý Þíàéòèä Êèíãäýì,
Ñîåäèí¸ííîãî êîðîëåâñòâà
(«îô êîðîëåâñòâî»),
÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ
to pay
ò y ïýé
÷tîáû îáðàùàò ü
which is
wèò÷ èç
any attention
ýíè ýòýíøüí
õîòü êàêîå-òî âíèìàíèå
the official name
ðý îôèøüåë íýéì
îôèöèàëüíûì
íàèìåíîâàíèåì
âñåé ñòðàíû.
to the outside world.
ò ó ðý àóòñàéä wœœëä.
íà âíåøíèé ìèð.
of the whole country.
îâ ðý õîóë êàíòðè.
Some parts + of England
Ñàì ïààòñ + îâ Èíãëýíä
Íåêîòîðûå ÷àñòè + Àíãëèè
are very
beautiful.
àà âýðè áúþóòèôóë.
ü î÷åíü êðàñèâû.
1
2
3
it’s not cold + yet.
èò’ñ íîò êîóëä + åò.
1
→
Îur teacher + is going to
Àóý òûû÷ý + èç ãîóèíã ò ó
186
3
1
2
1
Íàø ó÷èòåëü + ñîáèðàåòñÿ
187
There are** many
Ðýý àà
ìýíè
lakes, rivers, hills
ëýéêñ, ðèâýç, õèëç
îç¸ð, ðåê, õîëìîâ
ànd mountains in England**,
æíä ìàóíòèíç èí Èíãëýíä,
è ãîð,
but the mountains
áàò ðýìàóíòèíç
íî ãî´ðû
are not́ very high.
àà íîò âýðè õàé.
ü íå î÷åíü âûñîêè.
* Ýòè “(is)” è “(are)” çäåñü íå íóæíû – îíè óæå åñòü ðàíåå,
è îäíîãî “is/are” õâàòàåò äëÿ îáåèõ INGîâûõ êîíñòðóêöèé.
ß âñòàâèë åù¸ ïî îäíîìó “is/are” òîëüêî äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû Âû
«íå ðàçðûâàëè» äëÿ ñåáÿ INGîâûå êîíñòðóêöèè
(“ is standing
and writing ”,
“ are sitting
and looking
”);
** There IS, There ARE = «... åñòü », «... èìåþòñÿ ».
Íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ýòî – îñîáûé àíãëèéñêèé îáîðîò,
êîòîðûé íóæíî ïðîñòî âîñïðèíÿòü êàê äàííîñòü
è âûó÷èòü íàèçóñòü.
Îí âñåãäà ñòàâèòñÿ â íà÷àëå àíãëèéñêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
èëè åãî ñìûñëîâîé ÷àñòè!
À ñëîâà, îáîçíà÷àþùèå, «ãäå» âñ¸ ýòî «íàõîäèòñÿ/èìååòñÿ»;
íóæíî ñòàâèòü â êîíåö ïðåäëîæåíèÿ !;
*** Â ïðàâèëüíîì è ïîëíîì àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü ñóáúåêò
(òî åñòü ïðåäìåò èëè ëèöî).
Èíîãäà îí ìîæåò çàìåíÿòüñÿ ñëîâå÷êàìè
“one” (åñëè ðå÷ü èä¸ò î åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå)
èëè “ones” (î ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå).
188
ÐÀÑØÈÐÅÍÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
 ÀíãëèÈ (åñòü)** ìíîãî
1) We are havING, – ýòî êîíêðåòíûå ñëó÷àè
is standING, óïîòðåáëåíèÿ INGîâîé ôîðìû
â ñîñòàâå êîíñòðóêöèé,
ïåðåäàþùèõ íåïðåðûâíûå, «äëÿùèåñÿ» äåéñòâèÿ,
òî åñòü äåéñòâèÿ, «ðàñòÿíóòûå» âî âðåìåíè èëè ïðîèñõîäÿùèå â î÷åíü êîíêðåòíûé
ìîìåíò/ îòðåçîê/ ïðîìåæóòîê âðåìåíè,
èëè æå ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ïîâòîðÿþùèåñÿ.
Ïî÷òè âñåãäà ýòè äåéñòâèÿ èìåþò
ïðèâÿçêó ê êîíêðåòíîìó ìîìåíòó
èëè ê ïåðèîäó âðåìåíè.
NB!
Îäíàêî, åñëè ðàññìàòðèâàòü «INGîâóþ ôîðìó» ãëàãîëà
óæå ÍÅ êàê ãëàãîë,
à êàê àêòèâíîå îïðåäåëåíèå,
îïèñûâàþùåå ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÅ ÷åëîâåêà,
à íå åãî äåéñòâèÿ
(âåäü, ïî ñóòè äåëà, ýòî òàê è åñòü:
“smokING” = «êóðßÙèé» èëè «êóðèÂØèé»),
òî âñå ýòè «óæàñíûå» INGîâûå êîíñòðóêöèè
ñòàíîâÿòñÿ àáñîëþòíî ïîíÿòíûìè
è ëåãêî óñâàèâàåìûìè, íàïðèìåð:
«Ñåé÷àñ ÿ + ÿâëÿþñü ÷èòàþùèì + êíèãó».
“Now I + am
reading
+ a book”.
“She + was
reading + a book when he came in”.
«Îíà + áûëà ÷èòàâøåé + êíèãó, êîãäà îí âîø¸ë».
Ýëåìåíò Ãëàãîë Îïðåäåëåíèå = Âåñü «íàáîð»!
↓ ↓
↓
“Tomorrow at 5 o’clock I will be
signing
this document”.
«Çàâòðà
â 5 ÷àñîâ ÿ áóäó ïîäïèñûâàþùèì ýòîò äîêóìåíò».
189
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹33
Ñ INGîâûìè ôîðìàìè ñóùåñòâóþò è óñòîé÷èâûå
îáîðîòû òèïà:
1
“be goING to
«áèè ãîóèíã ò ó
2
1
” = «íàìåðåâàò üñÿ
».
2
1
», «ñîáèðàò üñÿ
2
«ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ ßÇÛÊ ÑÅÃÎÄÍß».
»,
«Èíãëèøü
“ENGLISH TODAY”.
 ýòîì ↑ îáîðîòå èçìåíÿåòñÿ òîëüêî ãëàãîë “ÂŔ,
òî åñòü äëÿ (3) ðàçíûõ âðåì¸í (è ëèö)
Âû ïðîñòî áóäåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ðàçíûå åãî ôîðìû,
ôîðìàìè Âû áóäåòå
ðàçíîå âðåìÿ äåéñòâèÿ:
èëè ðàçíûìè åãî
EstimateS + as to
ÝñòèìýéòÑ + æç òó
ïîêàçûâàòü
in the world
èí ðýwœœëä
(swim) = ß ñîáèðàþñü
(ïîïëàâàò ü)
=
ñîáèðàåòñÿ
=
ñîáèðàåøüñÿ, ñîáèðàåìñÿ,
ñîáèðàåòåñü ;
1
=
=
ñîáèðàËñÿ
ñîáèðàËèñü
;
Äëÿ áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè:
will be going to
2)
writing WITH pens
=
=
ÁÓÄ
ñîáèðàòüñÿ
ïèøóò ðó÷êAÌÈ
– ïðè ïîìîùè ïðåäëîãà “WITH” – «WÈл
â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îáðàçóåòñÿ ïîäîáèå
ðóññêîãî òâîðèòåëüíîãî ïàäåæà, êîòîðûé
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà òî,
×ÅÌ ÷òî-òî äåëàþò – ò. å. íà «èíñòðóìåíò».
190
–
â ìèðÅ
2
vary considerabLY.
âýýðè êýíñèäýðýáËÈ.
Äëÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè:
was going to
were going to
ÎöåíêÈ + îòíîñèòåëüíî
the number OF English userS êîëè÷åñòâÀ àíãëîãîâîðÿùÈÕ
ðýíàìáý îâ Èíãëèøü þóçýÇ
Äëÿ íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè:
I am going to
is going to
are going to
òóäýé».
;
→
2
1
çíà÷èòåëüíÎ ðàçíÿòñÿ.
The figureS range from
ÐýôèãýÇ ðýéíäæü ôðîì
ÖèôðÛ êîëåáëþòñÿ îò
a conservative 800 millioN
ý êýíñœœâýòèâ 800 ìèëüýÍ
óìåðåííÛÕ 800 ìèëëèîíÎÂ
up to as many as 2 billioN,
àï ò ó æç ìýíè æç òóó áèëüýÍ,
äî öåëûõ 2 ìèëëèàðäΠ–
almost
two-fifthS
îîëìîóñò òóó ôèôθÑ
– ïî÷òè äâÓÕ ïÿòÛÕ
(“a” îòíîñèòñÿ ê ñëîâó “number”)
1
2
→
2
OF the world’S population.
íàñåëåíèß
îâ ðýwœœëä’Ç ïîïúþëýéøüí.
1
ìèð’À.
The problem OF calculation Ïðîáëåìà ïîäñ÷¸òÀ
(«îô ïîäñ÷¸ò»)
Ðýïðîáëåì ÎÂ êæëêúþëýéøüí
191
is fraught with difficultieS.
èç ôðîîò wèð äèôèêýëòèÇ.
÷ðåâàòà òðóäíîñòßÌÈ.
we settle on
wè ñýòë îí
íà (êîòîðîé) ìû
îñòàíîâèìñÿ
For example, are those
Ôîî èãçààìïë, àà ðîóç
Íàïðèìåð, äîëæíû (ëè) òå
(and 1 billion plus
(æíä wàí áèëüýí ïëàñ
(à [íà] 1 ìèëëèàðä áîëüøå
who HAVE learnED
뜜íò_
õóó õæâ
êòî âûó÷èë(-è)
WOULD BE + a reasonable
WÓÄ ÁÈÈ + ýðèèçíáë
ÁÛËÎ ÁÛ + ðàçóìíÛÌ
English
Èíãëèøü
Àíãëèéñêèé
ïðèáëèæåíèåÌ),
as a second or
æç ýñýêýíä îî
êàê âòîðîé èëè
approximation),
ýïðîêñèìýéøüí),
îäíà âåùü ü ÿñíà.
a foreign language
ýôîðèí ëæíãwèäæü
(êàê) èíîñòðàííûé ÿçûê
one thing is certain.
wàí θèíã èç ñœœòí.
Àíãëèéñêèé ñåãîäíÿ
to BE countED ?
òýáèè êàóíòèÄ ?
áûòü ó÷òÅÍû ?
(= «ó÷èòûâàòüñÿ»)?
English today
Èíãëèøü òýäýé
ßÂËßÅÒÑß
If so, how fluent
Èô ñîó, õàó ôëþóýíò
Åñëè «äà», (òî)
íàñêîëüêî «áåãëûìè»
IS
ÈÇ
MUST they be
ìàñò ðýé áèè
ÄÎËÆÍÛ îíè áûòü,
the international language,
ðý èíòýíæøüíë ëæíãwèäæü,
ìåæäóíàðîäíÛÌ ÿçûêÎÌ,
before
áèôîî
ïðåæäå ÷åì
and fluency in English
æíä ôëþóýíñè èí Èíãëèøü
è áåãëîñòü â ÀíãëèéñêÎÌ
THEY ARE includeD
ðýé
ÀÀ èíêëþóäèÄ
ÈÕ âêëþ÷àÞÒ
(«áûòü âêëþ÷¨Ííûìè»)
provideS a passport
ïðýâàéäÇ ýïààñïîîò
îáåñïå÷èâàÅÒ äîñòóï
in the reconing?
èí ðýðýêýíèíã?
â ýòîò ñïèñîê?
to the ever expandING
ò ó ðý ýâý èêñïæíäÈÍÃ
â ïîñòîÿííî
ðàñøèðÿÞÙèéñÿ
Whatever + the figure
Wîòýâý + ðýôèãý
Êàêîé áû íè áûëà + öèôðà,
anglophone world.
æíãëîôîóí wœœëä.
àíãëîãîâîðÿùèé ìèð.
192
193
ÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
* 800 millioN, 2 billioN – êîãäà àíãëèéñêèå ñëîâà
“hundred”, “thousand”, “million” è “billion”
(«õàíäðýä», «θàóçýíä», «ìèëüýí» è «áèëüýí»)
(«ñòî»,
«òûñÿ÷à», «ìèëëèîí» è «ìèëëèàðä»)
íàõîäÿòñÿ â ñîñòàâå ÷èñëèòåëüíûõ,
òî îíè óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ÒÎËÜÊÎ â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå,
íàïðèìåð:
Íî:
**
five
ten
seven
three
hundreD
thousanD
millioN
billioN
=
=
=
=
ïÿòüÑÎÒ,
äåñÿòü òûñÿ×,
ñåìü ìèëëèîíÎÂ,
òðè ìèëëèàðäÀ.
HundredS (thousandS, millionS, billionS) + OF inhabitantS.
CîòíÈ (òûñÿ÷È, ìèëëèîíÛ, ìèëëèàðäÛ) + æèòåëÅÉ;
ARE to + be countED = «
äîëæíû + áûòü
ïîäñ÷èòÀÍû/ ó÷òÅÍû» –
– ôîðìóëà “BE to ” â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ äðóãèì ãëàãîëîì
èëè ñ äðóãîé ãëàãîëüíîé êîíñòðóêöèåé
îçíà÷àåò äîëæåíñòâîâàíèå ñ îòòåíêîì âûíóæäåííîñòè.
Ýòà êîíñòðóêöèÿ ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ (â îñíîâíîì)
â íàñòîÿùåì è â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíàõ,
à èçìåíÿåòñÿ â íåé, åñòåñòâåííî, ñàì ãëàãîë “BE”:
I
AM to
↑
Âðåìÿ !
↓
He IS to
194
+ leave for Sochi tomorrow =
= Çàâòðà ÿ äîëæåí + óëåòåò ü â Ñî÷è.
+ go now = Ñåé÷àñ îí äîëæåí + óéò è.
She WAS to + complete this =
↑
= Îíà äîëæíà
Âðåìÿ !
↓
We WERE to + do this work =
= Ìû äîëæíû
áûëà
áûëè
+ çàâåðøèò ü ýòî.
+ ñäåëàò ü ýòó ðàáîòó.
NB.
 áóäóùåì âðåìåíè ýòà êîíñòðóêöèÿ íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ !!!;
*** “They ARE + includeD” = «Èõ âêëþ÷àþò»:
«Îíè √ + âêëþ÷ÅÍû».
ôîðìóëà
Âðåìÿ!
↓
«Ãëàãîë “BE” + 3-ÿ ôîðìà ñìûñëîâîãî ãëàãîëà»
ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ðóñêîìó ïàññèâó
è ïåðåâîäèòñÿ êàê «Ìåíÿ
-þò/ -ëè» è ïð.,
íàïðèìåð:
I’m + regardED as an enemy = Ìåíÿ ðàññìàòðèâàÞÒ êàê âðàãà.
He’s + regardED as a friend = Åãî ðàññìàòðèâàÞÒ êàê äðóãà.
We were + regardED as strangers = Íàñ ðàññìàòðèâàËè
Âðåìÿ!
êàê ÷óæàêîâ.
They will be + regardED as guests = Èõ áóäóò ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ãîñòåé.
Êàê Âû, íàäåþñü, çàìåòèëè,
ïî ëèöàì è
ïî âðåìåíàì
èçìåíÿåòñÿ ↑ çäåñü
âñ¸ òîò æå ãëàãîë “BE”.
195
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹34
“ABOUT DICTIONARIES” – «Î ÑËÎÂÀÐßÕ».
«Ýáàóò
äèêøüíýðèç».
Dictionaries are very useful.
Äèêøüíýðèç àà âýðè þóñôóë.
Ñëîâàðè ü î÷åíü ïîëåçíû.
By using + them
Áàé þóçèíã + ðýì
Ïîëüçóÿñü + èìè,
you can find out
þó êæí ôàéíä àóò
Âû ìîæåòå îïðåäåëèòü,
what a word means.
wîò ý wœœä ìèèíç.
÷òî çíà÷èò
(êàêîå-ëèáî) ñëîâî.
Sometimes
Ñàìòàéìç
Èíîãäà
you + will find out
þó + wèë ôàéíä àóò
Âû + îáíàðóæèòå,
÷òî + ó íåãî (èìååòñÿ) +
+ áîëüøå,
than + one meaning.
ðæí + wàí ìèèíèíã.
÷åì + îäíî çíà÷åíèå.
Look* at the word “cap”,
Ëóê* æò ðýwœœä «êæï»,
Ïîñìîòðè´òå íà ñëîâî
«ñàð»,
for example!
ôîî èãçààìïë!
íàïðèìåð!
2 ñëîâà
196
ó íåãî (åñòü) + äâà
çíà÷åíèÿ:
“A kind of a soft
«Ýêàéíä îâ ýñîôò
«Âèä ìÿãêîãî
(«îô ìÿãêèé»)
flat hat”
ôëæò õæò»
ïëîñêîãî ãîëîâíîãî óáîðà»,
or: “A flat lid
îî: «Ýôëæò ëèä
èëè: «Ïëîñêàÿ êðûøå÷êà
on a bottle”.
îí ýáîòë».
íà áóòûëêå».
1
Dictionaries also show you
Äèêøüíýðèç îîëñîó ø¸ó þó
2
how to spell the words,
õàó ò ó ñïýë ðýwœœäç,
1
that + it has + more
ðæò + èò õæç + ìîî
You will see that
Þó wèë ñèè ðæò
it has + two meanings:
èò õæç + òóó ìèèíèíãç.
→
1 ñëîâî
Âû óâèäèòå, ÷òî
and help you
æíä õýëï þó
2
to use them properly.
ò ó þóç ðýì ïðîïýëè.
1
It is + easier
Èò èç + èèçèý
2
1
Ñëîâàðè òàêæå ïîêàçûâàþò,
2
êàê ïðîèçíîñèò ü ñëîâà,
1
è ïîìîãàþò Âàì
2
èñïîëüçîâàò ü èõ ïðàâèëüíî.
1
ü + Ëåã÷å
2
to look words up
ò ó ëóê wœœäç àï
èñêàò ü ñëîâà´
in à dictionary when
èí ý äèêøüíýðè wýí
â ñëîâàðå (òîãäà), êîãäà
197
you can say
þó êæí ñýé
Âû ìîæåòå íàçâàòü
(«ïåðå÷èñëèòü»)
the letters of the alphabet
ðýëåòýç îâ ðýæëôýáèò
áóêâû àëôàâèòà
(«îô àëôàâèò»)
in correct order.
èí êýðýêò îîäý.
â ïðàâèëüíîì ïîðÿäêå.
Òo look up a word
Òó ëóê àï ýwœœä
(Äëÿ òîãî) ×tîáû íàéò è
ñëîâî,
1
↑
1
you will also need
þó wèë îîëñîó íèèä
→
2
→
→
↓
1+1
Âàì òàêæå áóäåò íóæíî
to look carefully
ò ó ëóê êåýôóëè
âíèìàòåëüíî ïîñìîòðåò ü
at all the letters in it.
æò îoë ðýëåòýç èí èò.
íà âñå áóêâû â í¸ì.
(, ñî↑äåðæàùèåñÿ)
At
first,
Æò ôœœñò,
Ñíà÷àëà
1
1
you + might need
þó + ìàéò íèèä
Âàì + ìîæåò ïîíàäîáèòüñÿ
a minute or two
ýìèíèò îî òóó
ìèíóòà èëè äâå,
(«ïðåäïîëîæåíèå»)
2
2 ñëîâà
But you will learn
Áàò þó wèë 뜜í
÷tîáû íàéò è êàêîå-ëèáî
ñëîâî.
→
íàõîäèò ü èõ
more quickly**
ìîî êwèêëè
áûñòðåå**
very soon.
âýðè ñóóí.
î÷åíü ñêîðî.
* “LOOK at the word
!” – Ýòî – «ïîâåëèòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå»,
òî åñòü ôîðìà, êîòîðîé
ïðîñÿò èëè ïðèêàçûâàþò.
 àíãëèéñêîì âñ¸ ýòî ñäåëàòü î÷åíü ëåãêî:
Îòêðûë ñëîâàðü, óâèäåë ñëîâî –
– ýòèì ñëîâîì è ïðîñè èëè ïðèêàçûâàé,
íå èçìåíÿÿ
åãî!;
** Ýòî – ñòåïåíü ñðàâíåíèÿ íàðå÷èÿ,
ïðè÷¸ì ïîñêîëüêó ñëîâî “quickly” ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîñòàâíûì –
– òî åñòü â í¸ì óæå åñòü ïðèáàâëåííîå îêîí÷àíèå
(“quick+ly”) –
– òî âòîðîå îêîí÷àíèå ïðèáàâëÿòü óæå íåëüçÿ
(= ìî¸ «Ïðàâèëî ¹3»:
2
to find a word.
ò ó ôàéíä ýwœœä.
2
to find them
ò ó ôàéíä ðýì
1 ñëîâî
Íî Âû íàó÷´ èòåñü
«Íà íàâåøåííîå – íå íàâåøèâàé!»).
Ïîýòîìó àíãëîÿçû÷íûå è ãîâîðÿò íå «áûñòðÅå»,
à «áîëåå áûñòðî» = “more quickly”!
1
198
199
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹35
“THE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK”.
«Ðýîïýñ
îâ
ðèñ
áóê».
«ÖÅËÜ ÝÒÎÉ ÊÍÈÃÈ».
The purpose of this book
Ðýïýñ îâ ðèñ áóê
1
Öåëü ýòîé êíèãè
(«îô ýòà»)
1
èç + ò ó
is + to
çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ (â òîì), +
+ ÷tîáû
2+1
show you
ø¸ó þó
2
2+1
ïîêàçàò ü Âàì,
2
how to use grammar,
õàó ò ó þóç ãðæìý,
êàê ïîëüçîâàò üñÿ
ãðàììàòèêîé,
and to
æíä ò ó
è (â òîì,) ÷tîáû
3
3
you use
þó þóç
(êîòîðûì)* Âû ïîëüçóåòåñü
every day
ýâðè äýé
êàæäûé äåíü,
cańnot do without
êæ´íîò äóó wèðàóò
íå ìîãóò ñóùåñòâîâàò ü áåç
correct grammar.
êýðýêò ãðæìý.
ïðàâèëüíîé ãðàììàòèêè.
Every sentence
Ýâðè ñýíòýíñ
Êàæäîå ïðåäëîæåíèå,
you pronounce
þó ïðýíàóíñ
(êîòîðîå)* Âû ïðîèçíîñèòå,
should contain
øþä êýíòýéí
äîëæíî ñîäåðæàòü
only right
îóíëè ðàéò
òîëüêî ïðàâèëüíûå
grammatical combinations.
ãðæìæòèêë êîìáèíýéøüíç.
ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå êîìáèíàöèè.
Åñëè** Âû (êîãäà-íèáóäü
áóäåòå) îáùàòüñÿ**
ñ îáðàçîâàííûì ÷åëîâåêîì
convince you
êýíâèíñ þó
óáåäèò ü Âàñ,
that the books
ðæò ðýáóêñ
÷òî êíèãè,
(√)* you read,
(√) þó ðèèä,
(êîòîðûå)* Âû ÷èòàåòå,
If** you ever talk**
Èô** þó ýâý òîîê**
the work
ðýwœœê
ðàáîòà,
to an educated man,
ò ó æí ýäúþêýéòèä ìæí,
you do
þó äóó
(êîòîðóþ)* Âû âûïîëíÿåòå,
you + have to +
þó + õæâ ò y +
è ÿçûê,
pay special attention
ïýé ñïýøüë ýòýíøüí
and the language
æíä ðýëæíãwèäæü
200
1
2
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
Âû + äîëæíû (áóäåòå) +
îáðàùàò ü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå
201
to the correctness
ò ó ðý êýðýêòíèñ
íà ïðàâèëüíîñòü
* Âñïîìíèòå, ÷òî â àíãëèéñêîì ïðåäëîæåíèè
âñå ýòè «êîòîð » íå ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûìè!;
of your language,
îâ ¸î ëæíãwèäæü,
Âàøåãî ÿçûêà,
since his first***
ñèíñ õèç ôœœñò
ïîñêîëüêó åãî ïåðâîå
impression of you
èìïðýøüí îâ þó
âïå÷àòëåíèå o Âàñ
will depend
wèë äèïýíä
áóäåò çàâèñåòü
** Ïîñëå “IF” íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû “will” è “shall”:
if you talk
– âñïîìíèòå, ÷òî àíãëèéñêèé ãëàãîë
ïîñëå “if” ìîæåò ïåðåâîäèòüñÿ íà
ðóññêèé ÿçûê è íàñòîÿùèì,
è áóäóùèì âðåìåíåì.
Ïîýòîìó, âûðàæåíèå “If you talk ”
ìîæåò çíà÷èòü
è «Åñëè Âû ðàçãîâàðèâàåòå »
è «Åñëè Âû áóäåòå ðàçãîâàðèâàòü »;
on the first*** minutes
îí ðýôœœñò
ìèíèòñ
îò ïåðâûõ ìèíóò
of your conversation.
oâ ¸î êýíâýñýéøüí.
Âàøåãî ðàçãîâîðà.
(«îô Âàø»)
So, don’t lose****
Ñîó, äîíò ëóóç
Òàê ÷òî, íå òåðÿéòå****
any
ýíè
íèñêîëüêî (= «íèêàêîãî»)
precious time and
ïðýøüåñ òàéì æíä
äðàãîöåííîãî âðåìåíè è
1-é ãëàãîë
2-é ãëàãîë
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
1
*** Ïåðåä àíãëèéñêèì ïîðÿäêîâûì ÷èñëèòåëüíûì
îáÿçàòåëüíî äîëæåí ñòîÿòü
îäèí èç îáÿçàòåëüíûõ îïðåäåëèòåëåé;
Ïðè÷¸ì ïîñëå «çàïðåòèòåëüíîé» ÷àñòèöû “Don’t ... !”
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì ÍÅ ñòàâèòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”
(ò. ê. ïîñëå ÷àñòèö “to” íèêîãäà íå ñòàâèòñÿ!),
!”),
íî åñëè Âû «êîìàíäóåòå» ãëàãîëîì (“Start
òî ïåðåä âòîðûì ãëàãîëîì
ýòà “
to ” îáÿçàòåëüíî íóæíà !!!
2
start **** to work
ñòààò ò y wœœê
(start
working
ñòààò wœœêèíã)
íà÷èíàéòå**** ðàáîòàò ü
(«ðàáîòàíèå»)
on your English
îí ¸î Èíãëèøü
íàä Âàøèì Àíãëèéñêèì
a´s soon as po´ssible!
æç ñóóí æç ïîñèáë!
êàê ìîæíî áûñòðåå!
202
**** “DON’T lose!” = «ÍÅ òåðÿé!»,
“START to work!” = «ÍÀ×ÈÍÀÉ ðàáîòàòü!» –
– ýòî åù¸ äâà ïðèìåðà
àíãëèéñêîãî ïîâåëèòåëüíîãî íàêëîíåíèÿ,
òî åñòü ôîðìû, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðîé
ïðèêàçûâàþò, ïðîñÿò, ñîâåòóþò,
ðåêîìåíäóþò èëè çàïðåùàþò.
ÄÎÏÊÎÌÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÈ:
“
“
cannot do
” = “can+not” – ýòî îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà
(ìîäàëüíîãî) ýëåìåíòà “can” = «ìî÷ü».
should contain ” – “Should” òàêæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ýëåìåíòîì.
Ïîñëå (ìîäàëüíûõ) ýëåìåíòîâ ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì
ÍÅ óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòèöà “to”.
203
ÃËÀÂÀ VI.
ÑÅÃÎÄÍßØÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹36
“Helping a Friend through Tough Times”.
«Õýëïèíã
ýôðýíä
θðóó
òàô
òàéìç».
«Ïîìîãàÿ äðóãó ïðåîäîëåòü òðóäíûå âðåìåíà».
1
2+1
Sometimes it’s + hard to know
Ñàìòàéìç èò’ñ + õààä ò ó íîó
2
what to do
wîò ò ó äóó
Èíîãäà ü + òðóäíî çíàò ü,
÷òî äåëàò ü
3
and what to say.
æíä wîò òýñýé.
è ÷òî (íóæíî) ãîâîðèò ü.
But, in times of trouble,
Áàò, èí òàéìç îâ òðàáë,
Íî â òðåâîæíûå ìîìåíòû
words of wisdom
wœœäç îâ wèçäýì
ñëîâà ìóäðîñòè –
are the last thing
àà ðýëààñò θèíã
– (ýòî) ü ïîñëåäíåå, (÷òî)
1
2
1
2
your friend wants to hear.
¸î ôðýíä wîíòñ ò ýõèý.
Âàø äðóã õî÷åò ñëûøàò ü.
What your friend needs
Wîò ¸î ôðýíä íèèäç
(Âñ¸,) ×òî íóæíî
Âàøåìó äðóãó –
is a good, strong shoulder
èç ý ãóä, ñòðîíã ø¸óëäý
ü – (ýòî) äîáðîå ñèëüíîå
ïëå÷î,
204
to lean or cry on.
ò ó ëèèí îî êðàé îí.
÷tîáû íà (íåãî) îïåðåò üñÿ
èëè íà (í¸ì) ïîïëàêàòü.
Admit*
Ýäìèò
Äîïóñòè ´òå*,
1
2
+ 3
that your friend’s pain
ðæò ¸î ôðýíä’ç ïýéí
→
3
+
1
2
÷òî áîëü Âàøåãî äðóã’à
affects you, too,
ýôýêòñ þó, òóó,
çàòðàãèâàåò è Âàñ,
but make sure*
áàò ìýéê øþý
íî óáåäèòåñü*,
that it is her/ his emotions ÷òî (ýòî) íà åãî/å¸ ýìîöèÿõ
ðæò èò èç õœœ/õèç èìîóøüíç
↓
← ← ← ← ← ← ← ←
↓
you focus on,
þó ôîóêýñ îí,
Âû ôîêóñèðóåòå âíèìàíèå,
not your own.
íîò ¸î îóí.
à íå íà ñâîèõ ñîáñòâåííûõ.
Be* yourself
Áèè ¸îñýëô
Áóäüòå* ñàìèìè ñîáîþ
and don’t start*
æíä äîíò ñòààò
è íå íà÷èíàéòå*
behaving differently.
áèõýéâèíã äèôðýíòëè.
âåñòè ñåáÿ èíà÷å.
(«ïîâåäåíèÿ»)
So, although
Ñîó, îîëðîó
Òàê ÷òî, õîòÿ
it may be hard for you,
èò ìýé áèè õààä ôîî þó,
Âàì ìîæåò áûòü òðóäíî,
205
1
2
1
2
1
1+2
try* to be
òðàé* ò ó áèè
ïîñòàðàéòåñü* áûò ü
Give* your friend
Ãèâ
¸î ôðýíä
the same person
ðýñýéì ñí
òåì æå ñàìûì ÷åëîâåêîì,
permission to talk.
ïýìèøüí ò ýòîîê.
(that) you always have been.
(ðæò) þó îîëwýéç õæâ áèèí.
(êîòîðûì) Âû âñåãäà áûëè.
Talk* less,
Òîîê ëåñ,
Ãîâîðèòå* ìåíüøå,
listen* morÅ.
ëèñí
ìîî.
ñëóøàéòå* áîëüøÅ.
Although you may
Îîëðîó
þó ìýé
Õîòÿ Âàì, âîçìîæíî,
1
2
1
want to give advice,
wîíò ò ýãèâ ýäâàéñ,
Ðàçðåøèòå* ñâîåìó äðóãó
(= «Äàéòå »)
2
1
ïî-/ãîâîðèò ü.
2
1
2
Don’t try * to avoid
Äîíò òðàé ò ó ýâîéä
Íå ñòàðàéòåñü* óéò è îò
her/his pain
õœœ/õèç ïýéí
åãî/å¸ áîëè,
×åì? Êàêèì îáðàçîì?
↓
by changing
the subject. ìåíÿÿ òåìó ðàçãîâîðà.
áàé ÷ýéíäæüèíã ðýñàáäæüèêò.
(= «ïóò¸ì èçìåíåíèÿ»)
↑
×åì? Êàêèì îáðàçîì?
2
çàõî÷åòñÿ äàò ü ñîâåò,
Keep* your promises.
Êèèï ¸î ïðîìèñèç.
Âûïîëíÿéòå* ñâîè
îáåùàíèÿ.
If you said***
Èô þó ñýä
Åñëè Âû ñêàçàëè, (÷òî)
It is + much more constructive ü + Ãîðàçäî áîëåå
Èò èç + ìàò÷ ìîî êýíñòðàêòèâ
êîíñòðóêòèâíî
you + would*** pop in
þó + wóä
ïîï èí
Âû + çàãëÿíåòå («çàñêî÷åòå»)
(«Áóäóùåå â ïðîøåäøåì»)
to help** your friend
ò ó õýëï
¸î ôðýíä
(áóäåò) ïîìî÷ü Âàøåìó
äðóãó
and see your friend,
æíä ñèè ¸î ôðýíä,
ïðîâåäàòü ñâîåãî äðóãà,
**explore all the possibilities
èêñïëîî oîë ðý ïîñèáèëèòèç
ðàññìîòðåòü âñå âîçìîæíîñòè
make sure you do it!
ìýéê øþý þó äóó èò!
îáÿçàòåëüíî ñäåëàéòå ýòî!
and **talk them out
æíä òîîê ðýì àóò
è ïðîãîâîðèòü èõ
Just saying
Äæÿñò ñýéèíã
Åñëè Âû ïðîñòî ñêàæåòå
(= «Ïðîñòî ñêàçàâ»,),
with you.
wèð þó.
ñ Âàìè.
1
2
3
4
it is seldom useful.
èò èç ñýëäýì þóñôóë.
206
→
1
3
2
îí ðåäêî îêàçûâàåòñÿ 4
ïîëåçíûì.
2 ñëîâà
that you will help
ðæò þó wèë õýëï
→
1 ñëîâî
(÷òî) Âû ïîìîæåòå,
207
****might make you
ìàéò ìýéê þó
(òî) ýòî ìîæåò çàñòàâèòü Âàñ
feel better,
ôèèë áýòý,
÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ ëó÷øå,
Never say * things like:
Íýâý ñýé θèíãç ëàéê:
Íèêîãäà íå ãîâîðèòå *
íè÷åãî âðîäå
(= « âåùåé òèïà: »):
“You should
«Þó øþä
«Òåáå ñëåäîâàëî áû
íî åñëè Âû íå
be over it
áèè îóâý èò
(óæå) ïåðåæèòü ýòî
follow it through,
ôîëîó èò θ ðóó,
âûïîëíèòå ýòîãî,
by now”.
áàé íàó».
ê ñåãîäíÿøíåìó äíþ!».
it will do + nothing
èò wèë äóó + íàθ èíã
òî ýòî íè÷åãî íå + äàñò
(= «íè÷åãî íå + ñäåëàåò»)
Allow* your friend
¸î ôðýíä
Ýëàó
Äàéòå* ñâîåìó äðóãó
for your friend.
ôîî ¸î ôðýíä.
Âàøåìó äðóãó
(= «äëÿ Âàøåãî äðóãà»).
aś much time as
æç ìàò÷ òàéì æç
ñòîëüêî âðåìåíè, ñêîëüêî
Take the flak!*
Òýéê ðýôëæê!
Âûçîâèòå îãîíü íà ñåáÿ!
(= Íàáåðèòåñü ïîíèìàíèÿ!).
The bereaved or
Ðý áèðèèâä îî
Ïîí¸ñøèì ëèøåíèÿ èëè
those in shock
ðîóç èí ø¸ê
íàõîäÿùèìñÿ â øîêå
(= «òåì, [êòî] â øîêå»)
1 ñëîâî
but, unless you
áàò, àíëåñ þó
1
2
→
2↓ → ñëîâà ← 2↓
are hard to please.
àà õààä ò ó ïëèèç.
òðóäíî óñëóæèò ü.
Do not́ + expect*
Äóó íîò + èêñïýêò
Íå + îæèäàéòå*
gratitude
or acknowledgement.
ãðýéòèòúþóä îî ýêíîîëèäæüìýíò.
Be
patient*.
Áèè ïýéøüåíò.
208
áëàãîäàðíîñòè
èëè ïðèçíàòåëüíîñòè.
Áóäüòå òåðïåëèâû*.
1
2
she/ he needs to talk,
øüè õè íèèäç ò ýòîîê,
åé/åìó íóæíî, ÷tîáû
âûãîâîðèò üñÿ,
even if you have heard it all
èèâí èô þó õæâ õœœä èò oîë
äàæå åñëè Âû âñ¸ ýòî
ñëûøàëè óæå
a hundred times already.
ýõàíäðýä òàéìç îîëðýäè.
ñòî ðàç.
Be practical*.
Áèè ïðæêòèêë.
Áóäüòå ïðàêòè÷íû*.
Often, it is
Îôí, èò èç
Çà÷àñòóþ (ýòî – )
the smallest gestures
ðýñìoîëèñò äæüåùåç
ñàìûå ìàëåíüêèå ïîñòóïêè
that help the most.
ðæò õýëï ðýìîóñò.
(êîòîðûå) ïîìîãàþò
áîëüøå âñåãî.
209
Ultimately,
Àëòèìýòëè,
 êîíå÷íîì èòîãå
helping a friend
õýëïèíã ýôðýíä
ïîìîùü äðóãó
(«ïîìîãàíèå»)
through a crisis
θðóó ýêðàéñèñ
âî âðåìÿ êðèçèñà –
is less about doing
èç ëåñ ýáàóò äóóèíã
ýòî ìåíüøå (çíà÷èò) äåëàòü,
and more about being.
æíä ìîî ýáàóò áèèíã.
è áîëüøå (çíà÷èò) áûòü
(ñ íèì).
The greatest gift
Ðýãðýéòèñò ãèôò
Ñàìûé áîëüøîé ïîäàðîê,
we can give
wè êæí ãèâ
(êîòîðûé) ìû ìîæåì
ñäåëàòü («äàòü») –
1
1
is + simply
èç + ñèìïëè
(ýòî) ü + ïðîñòî
2
2
to be there*****.
òó áèè ðýý.
ïðèñóòñòâîâàò ü (òàì)***
(«áûò ü»).
* Âñå îòìå÷åííûå îäíîé çâ¸çäî÷êîé ôðàãìåíòû
ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáðàçöàìè ïîâåëèòåëüíîãî íàêëîíåíèÿ;
** Íàïîìèíàþ, ÷òî ïîñëå ãëàãîëà “help” ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèìè
ãëàãîëàìè (“
explore”, “
talk”) ñåãîäíÿ óæå
íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ñòàâèòü ÷àñòèöó “to”;
*** “
= «
210
saiD (that) you +
ñêàçàËè, ÷òî +
would
çàãëÿíÅÒÅ
pop in
» –
” =
– ýòî ïðåêðàñíûé ïðèìåð
òàê íàçûâàåìîãî «Áóäóùåãî â ïðîøåäøåì»,
òî åñòü òàêîãî ñëó÷àÿ, êîãäà
(ïî-àíãëèéñêè) â ïðîøëîì ãîâîðèëîñü («ñêàçàËè») î òîì,
÷òî åù¸ òîëüêî ïðîèçîéä¸ò («çàãëÿíÅÒÅ») â áóäóùåì.
 ýòèõ ñëó÷àÿ «áóäóùíîñòü» äåéñòâèÿ
ïåðåäà¸òñÿ ÍÅ ïðè ïîìîùè ýëåìåíòî⠓will / shall”,
à ÒÎËÜÊÎ ïðè ïîìîùè ýëåìåíòà “WOULD”
(à ñìûñë äåéñòâèÿ ïåðåäà¸òñÿ çíà÷èìûì ãëàãîëîì
â åãî ñëîâàðíîé ôîðìå – òî åñòü íåèçìåí¸ííûì) !!!:
I thoughT that I + WOULD become + a doctor.
Àé
θîîÒ ðæò Àé + WÓÄ
áèêàì + ýäàêòý.
ß äóìàË, ÷òî (ÿ) +
ÑÒÀÍÓ
+ âðà÷îì.
We suspectED that these people + WOULD betray + us.
Wè ñýñïýêòèÄ ðæò ðèèç ïèèïë + WÓÄ áèòðýé + àñ.
Ìû ïîäîçðåâàËè, ÷òî ýòè ëþäè +
ïðåäàÄÓÒ
+ íàñ;
**** Ïîñëå ãëàãîëà “make” – «ìýéê» = «çàñòàâëÿòü»
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèìè ãëàãîëàìè íå íóæíî “to”!
***** Ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå “be there” ìîæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü
êàê öåëüíîå âûðàæåíèå ñî çíà÷åíèÿìè
«èìåòüñÿ», «ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü»,
«íàëè÷åñòâîâàòü».
ÑÎÂÅÒ.
Âåçäå îáðàùàéòå âíèìàíèå íà ïîä÷¸ðêíóòûå âûðàæåíèÿ –
– îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáðàçöàìè ÍÅ äîñëîâíîãî ïåðåâîäà,
à ïðèìåðàìè ïåðåäà÷è ÎÑÍÎÂÍÎÉ ÌÛÑËÈ.
Ýòè âûðàæåíèÿ çíà÷èòåëüíî îáîãàòÿò è óêðàñÿò Âàø àíãëèéñêèé,
ïîýòîìó Âàì ñëåäóåò (= “you SHOULD”) çàó÷èòü èõ íàèçóñòü,
è ñòàðàòüñÿ îïðîáîâàòü èõ è ñ äðóãèìè àíãëèéñêèìè ñëîâàìè.
211
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹37
“How to Turn a Temporary Job into a Permanent One?”.
«Õàó òó òœœí ý òýìïýðýðè äæü¸á èíòó ý ìýíýíò wàí?».
«Êàê ïðåâðàòèòü âðåìåííóþ ðàáîòó
â ïîñòîÿííóþ?».
The newest + job-hunting trick Ñàìûé íîâûé + ïðè¸ì
Ðýíúþóèñò + äæü¸á õàíòèíã òðèê
ïðè ïîèñêå ðàáîòû
1
is
èç
çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ (â òîì,
2
to take yourself
ò ó òýéê ¸îñýëô
÷toáû) ñàìîìó ÿâèò üñÿ
to the job
ò ó ðý äæü¸á
íà ðàáîòó
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
1
rather than * + expect*
ðààðý ðæí + èêñïýêò
2
(ñêîðåå) ÷åì + îæèäàòü,
it to** come to you.
èò ò ó
êàì òó þó.
÷tîáû** îíà ïðèøëà ê òåáå.
Here are + some
Õèý àà + ñàì
Âîò + íåñêîëüêî
pieces of good advice
ïèèñèç îâ ãóä ýäâàéñ
õîðîøèõ ñîâåòîâ
for the graduates who
ôîî ðý ãðæäúþèòñ õóó
äëÿ âûïóñêíèêîâ, êîòîðûå
1
2
want to make
wîíò ò ó ìýéê
212
1
2
õîòÿò ïðîèçâåñò è
a big impression
ýáèã èìïðýøüí
áîëüøîå âïå÷àòëåíèå
within the companies
wèðèí ðý êàìïýíèç
â êîìïàíèÿõ,
1
2
Íå
↓ â êîíåö! ↑
↓
↑
1
they’d like to work for.
ðýéä ëàéê ò ó wœœê ôîî.
íà (êîòîðûå) îíè õîòåëè áû
ðàáîòàò ü.
Get involved
Ãýò èíâîëâä
Ââÿçûâàéòåñü
in aś many challenges
èí æç ìýíè ÷æëåíäæüèç
âî ñòîëüêî âûçîâîâ,
as you ca´n.
æç þó êæí.
(âî) ñêîëüêî (ñ-)ìîæåòå.
2 ñëîâà
It will help
Èò wèë õýëï
→
2
1 ñëîâî
Ýòî ïîìîæåò
keep you interested
êèèï þó èíòðèñòèä
ïîääåðæèâàòü Âàøó
çàèíòåðåñîâàííîñòü
and show off your abilities
æíä ø¸ó îô ¸î ýáèëèòèç
è ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàòü Âàøè
äàðîâàíèÿ
in the best light.
èí ðýáýñò ëàéò.
â íàèëó÷øåì ñâåòå.
Self-motivation
Ñýëô ìîóòèâýéøüí
Ñàìîìîòèâàöèÿ
and enthusiasm
æíä èíθþóçèýçýì
è ýíòóçèàçì
can be
êæí áèè
ìîãóò áûòü
213
1
2+2
3
→
2
2
ý ãðæäúþèò’ñ ãðýéòèñò ñòðýíãθ. ñàìûìè ñèëüíûìè
a graduate’s greatest strength.
ñòîðîíàìè âûïóñêíèêà.
3
1
1
2
1
2
Try to get
Òðàé ò ó ãýò
Ïîñòàðàéòåñü ïîëó÷èò ü
So, don’t dodge
Ñîó, äîíò äîäæü
Òàê ÷òî íå èçáåãàéòå
a broader view
ý áðîîäý âúþó
áîëåå øèðîêîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå
something
ñàìθèíã
÷åãî-ëèáî
of the industry.
îâ ðý èíäàñòðè.
îá (ýòîé) îòðàñëè.
because
just
äæÿñò áèêîîç
òîëüêî ïîòîìó, ÷òî
You should learn
Þó øþä 뜜í
Âû äîëæíû + óçíàòü
(= «Âàì íóæíî áûëî áû +»)
Âû íå çíàåòå,
a´s much as po´ssible
æç ìàò÷ æç ïîñèáë
êàê ìîæíî áîëüøå
about
ýáàóò
î
1
you don’t know
þó äîíò íîó
2
how to do it;
õàó ò ó äóó èò;
êàê ýòî äåëàåòñÿ
(= «êàê ñäåëàòü ýòî»);
make a point of + asking
ìýéê ýïîéíò îâ + ààñêèíã
ñïåöèàëüíî + ñïðàøèâàéòå,
1
2
3
→
3
→
how the software works,
õàó ðýñîôòwýý wœœêñ,
1
2
where the stationary is,
wýý ðýñòýéøüíðè èç,
1
2
3
õàó œœäæüåíò ïæêèäæüèç
how urgent
packages
are sent – àà ñýíò
4
or whatever.
îî wîòýâý.
214
4
→
1
3
1
3
2
êàê ðàáîòàåò ïðîãðàììà,
2
ãäå íàõîäÿòñÿ êàíöòîâàðû,
1
4
2
êàê îòïðàâëÿþòñÿ ñðî÷íûå
4
ïîñûëêè,
3
èëè ÷òî-óãîäíî (åù¸).
1
2
3
your company’s business
¸î êàìïýíè’ç áèçíèñ
→
3
1
2
áèçíåñå Âàøåé ôèðì’û
and feel
æíä ôèèë
è ÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ
hugely
confident
õúþóäæüëè êîíôèäýíò
êðàéíå óâåðåííûì,
when talking
wýí òîîêèíã
ðàçãîâàðèâàÿ
(«âî âðåìÿ ðàçãîâîðà»)
1
2
3 → 1
3
2
with the company’s partners. ñ ïàðòí¸ðàìè êîìïàíè’è.
wèð ðý êàìïýíè’ç ïààòíýç.
Your new experience
¨î íúþó èêñïèýðèýíñ
Âàø íîâûé îïûò
215
→
ïîñòàâèò Âàñ âïåðåäè
Òap into the expertise
Òæï èíòó ðý ýêñïýòèèç
Âíåäðÿéòåñü â îïûò
(= «Ïîäêëþ÷àéòåñü ê»)
of other wannabes.
îâ àðý wîíýáèç.
äðóãèõ ñîèñêàòåëåé.
of existing staff –
îâ èãçèñòèíã ñòààô –
(óæå) èìåþùåãîñÿ
ïåðñîíàëà –
Don’t let
Äîíò ëåò
Íå ïîçâîëÿéòå
they know
ðýé íîó
îíè çíàþò
weaknesses
wèèêíèñèç
(ñâîèì) ñëàáûì ñòîðîíàì
all the short cuts,
oîë ðý ø¸îòêàòñ,
âñå íþàíñû
(= «âñå ìåòîäû äîñòèæåíèÿ»),
so learn from them.
ñîó 뜜í ôðîì ðýì.
òàê ÷òî, ó÷è´òåñü ó íèõ.
2 ñëîâà
will put you ahead
wèë ïóò þó ýõýä
detract from your strengths.
äèòðæêò ôðîì ¸î ñòðýíãθñ.
1 ñëîâî
óìåíüøàò ü Âàøè ñèëüíûå
ñòîðîíû.
Be polite to the receptionists Áóäüòå âåæëèâû
Áèè ïýëàéò ò ó ðý ðèñýïøüíèñòñ
ñ áþðî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ –
Make sure
Ìýéê øþý
Ïîçàáîòüòåñü (î òîì, ÷òîáû)
you’re well-informed
þó’ð wýë èíôîîìä
áûòü õîðîøî
èíôîðìèðîâàííûì,
by reading newspapers,
áàé ðèèäèíã íúþóñïýéïýç,
÷èòàÿ ãàçåòû
(= «ïóò¸ì ÷òåíèÿ»),
trade magazines
òðýéä ìæãýçèèíç
ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûå
æóðíàëû
and office bulletins.
æíä îôèñ áóëèòèíç.
è ôèðìåííûå áóêëåòû.
you really want to work for.
þó ðèýëè woíò ò ýwœœê ôîî.
If you need
Èô þó íèèä
Åñëè Âàì íåîáõîäèìî
You only get
Þó îóíëè ãýò
some extra training,
ñàì ýêñòðý òðýéíèíã,
êàêîå-òî äîïîëíèòåëüíîå
îáó÷åíèå,
where you want to get
wýý þó wîíò ò ó ãýò
(òóäà), êóäà Âû õîòèòå 2
ïîïàñò ü,
book it up for yourself.
áóê èò àï ôîî ¸îñýëô.
îðãàíèçóéòå åãî äëÿ ñåáÿ ñàìè.
by asking.
áàé ààñêèíã.
òîëüêî ñïðàøèâàÿ
(= «ïóò¸ì ñïðàøèâàíèÿ»).
216
(«Ïîâåëèò. íàêëîíåíèå»)
they will vouch for you
ðýé wèë âàóò÷ ôîî þó
îíè áóäóò (âûñòóïàòü)
çà Âàñ
even in your absence.
èèâí èí ¸î æáñýíñ.
äàæå â Âàøå îòñóòñòâèå.
Target the companies
Òààãèò ðýêàìïýíèç
Íàìåòüòå (äëÿ ñåáÿ)
(òå) êîìïàíèè,
1
1
2
↑
→
↓
íà (êîòîðûå) Âû äåéñòâèòåëüíî õîòèòå ðàáîòàò ü.
Âû ïîïàä¸òå
2
1
2
1
217
You should realize that
Þó øþä ðèýëàéç ðæò
Âû äîëæíû îñîçíàâàòü, ÷òî
new cuttings
íúþó êàòèíãç
íîâûå âûðåçêè (èç ãàçåò),
even very good
èèâí âýðè ãóä
äàæå î÷åíü õîðîøèì
relevant to the company
ðýëèâýíò òó ðýêàìïýíè
âàæíûå äëÿ êîìïàíèè
and prestigious companies
æíä ïðýñòèäæüåñ êàìïýíèç
è ïðåñòèæíûì êîìïàíèÿì
and its business,
æíä èòñ áèçíèñ,
è å¸ áèçíåñà,
need good workers,
íèèä ãóä wœœêýç,
íóæíû õîðîøèå ðàáîòíèêè,
source new clients,
ñîîñ íúþó êëàéýíòñ,
âûèñêèâàéòå íîâûõ
êëèåíòîâ,
but only
áàò îóíëè
íî òîëüêî
update
data bases,
àïäýéò äýéòý áýéñèç,
îáíîâëÿéòå áàçû äàííûõ,
a limited few
ýëèìèòèä ôúþó
îãðàíè÷åííîå
íåáîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî
are actually competent.
àà æê÷óýëè êýìïèèòýíò.
ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíî
êîìïåòåíòíûìè.
Be very commited.
Áèè âýðè êýìèòèä.
Áóäüòå î÷åíü ïðåäàíû äåëó.
Stay
late
Ñòýé ëýéò
Îñòàâàéòåñü äîïîçäíà,
This will all be part
Ðèñ wèë oîë áèè ïààò
if you’re needed
èô þó’ð íèèäèä
åñëè Âû ü íóæíû,
of your future
job –
îâ ¸î ôúþó÷ý äæü¸á –
1
and be willing
æíä áèè wèëèíã
2
to do anything.
òó äóó ýíèθèíã.
1
2
Îffer to collect and file
Îôý ò ó êýëåêò æíä ôàéë
218
prepare presentation material ãîòîâüòå ðåêëàìíûå
ïðèïýý ïðýçýíòýéøüí ìæòèýðüýë
ìàòåðèàëû
or cover the phones
îî êàâý ðý ôîóíñ
when others + are out.
wýí àðýñ + àà àóò.
↓
1
è âûðàæàéòå æåëàíèå
(= «áóäüòå æåëàþùèìè»)
2
äåëàò ü âñ¸, ÷òî óãîäíî.
1
2
Ïðåäëîæè´òå ñîáèðàò ü è
êëàññèôèöèðîâàò ü
èëè îòâå÷àéòå çà
òåëåôîííûå çâîíêè,
2 ñëîâà
↓
êîãäà äðóãèå + îòñóòñòâóþò.
→
1
ànd you’ll be trying
æíä þóë áèè òðàéèíã
2
1 ñëîâî
Âñ¸ ýòî áóäåò ÷àñòüþ
Âàøåé áóäóùåé ðàáîòû,
1
è Âû áóäåòå ñòàðàòüñÿ
2
to create the illusion that
ò ó êðèýéò ðý èëþóæüí ðæò
ñîçäàò ü èëëþçèþ, ÷òî
it is already yours.
èò èç îîëðýäè ¸îç.
îíà óæå ü Âàøà.
219
* Ïîñëå ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ
“rather
(than )” – «ðààðý
ðæí
» = «ñêîðåå
, ÷åì
»
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì
íå íóæíà ÷àñòèöà “to”,
ò. ê. ñëîâî “rather” âõîäèò è â ñîñòàâ ýëåìåíòà “ ’d rather”:
«ß ñêîðåå çàïëà÷ó´, ÷åì óéäó´!» – âèäèòå,
â îáåèõ ÷àñòÿõ ðóññêîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
ãëàãîë ñòîèò â áóäóùåì âðåìåíè.
Ïî-àíãëèéñêè æå
ïîñëå ýëåìåíòî⠓’d rather than” = «ñêîðåå , ÷åì »
è “’d better than” = «ëó÷øå , ÷åì »
ãëàãîë èçìåíÿòü âîîáùå íå íóæíî!,
à òàêæå íå íóæíî óïîòðåáëÿòü è íèêàêèõ “will / shall”:
«ß ëó÷øå + çàïëà÷Ó, ÷åì + óéäÓ!».
“I’d rather + PAY
than + GO!”;
↑ ← Àíãë. ãëàãîëû →↑
íå èçìåíåíû !
** Çäåñü îò÷¸òëèâî âèäíà
âîçìîæíîñòü çíà÷åíèÿ «÷toáû» (ñòð. 27)
ó ñëîâå÷êà/÷àñòèöû “to” â êîíñòðóêöèè òèïà
«Ãëàãîë + îáúåêòíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå + to
(âìåñòî íàøåãî ñóáúåêòíîãî !!!)
»
(îáðàòèòå îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ðàçíèöó â ïîðÿäêå ñëîâ
è íà «ïåðåâîä»
ðóññêîãî ñóáúåêòíîãî ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
â→ àíãëèéñêîå îáúåêòíîå !!!):
1
2
→
2
1
ß õî÷ó, ÷tîáû îí + ïðèø¸ë = ß want him + to come.
Îíà æä¸ò, ÷tîáû îíè + èçâèíèëèñü =
1
220
2 → → → → → → 2
Àíãë. ãëàãîëû
íå èçìåíåíû!
1
= She expects them + to apologize.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹38
“How to Make Your Application Form Work for You?”.
«Õàó òó ìýéê ¸î æïëèêýéøüí ôîîì wœœê ôîî þó?».
«Êàê çàñòàâèòü Âàøó àíêåòó ðàáîòàòü íà Âàñ?».
For all
Ôîî oîë
Äëÿ âñåõ
public service appointments
ïàáëèê ñœœâèñ ýïîéíòìýíòñ
ðàáî÷èõ ìåñò
â íåêîììåð÷åñêèõ
îðãàíèçàöèÿõ
(= «â îáùåñòâåííûõ»)
and for increasing
æíä ôîî èíêðèèçèíã
è äëÿ âîçðàñòàþùåãî
number of companies
íàìáý îâ êàìïýíèç
÷èñëà êîìïàíèé
(«îô êîìïàíèè»)
the successful completing
ðý ñýêñýñôóë êýìïëèèòèíã
óñïåøíîå çàïîëíåíèå
of application forms
îô æïëèêýéøüí ôîîìç
àíêåò («îô àíêåòû»)
1
is now
èç íàó
the only way
ðýîóíëè wýé
2
ÿâëÿåòñÿ â íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò
åäèíñòâåííîé âîçìîæíîñòüþ
(= «åäèíñòâåííûì ïóò¸ì»)
to make it
ò ó ìýéê èò
(÷toáû) äîáðàò üñÿ
to the interview stage.
ò ó ðý èíòýâúþó ñòýéäæü.
äî ñòàäèè èíòåðâüþ.
221
The idea is
Ðý àéäèý èç
Èäåÿ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ (â òîì),
that
ðæò
÷òî
by asking each candidate
áàé ààñêèíã èèò÷ êæíäèäèò
çàäàâàÿ êàæäîìó êàíäèäàòó
(= «ïóò¸ì ñïðàøèâàíèÿ»)
identical questions,
àéäýíòèêýë êwýùüíç,
îäíè è òå æå âîïðîñû,
1
it is + easier
èò èç + èèçèý
2
1
ü + ëåã÷å
2
à) Marshal your facts!
Ìààøüë ¸î ôæêòñ!
à) ׸òêî âûñòðàèâàéòå
ñâîè ôàêòû
(= «ôàêòû î ñåáå»)!
Get together
Ãýò òýãýðý
Ñâåäèòå âîåäèíî
all the relevant information âñþ âàæíóþ èíôîðìàöèþ
oîë ðý ðýëèâýíò èíôýìýéøüí
î ñâîåé êâàëèôèêàöèè,
about your qualifications,
ýáàóò ¸î êwîëèôèêýéøüíç,
work experience,
wœœê èêñïèýðèýíñ,
îïûòå ðàáîòû,
îñîáûõ äîñòèæåíèÿõ,
to make comparisons.
ò ýìýéê êýìïýðèçíç.
ïðîâîäèò ü ñðàâíåíèÿ.
And the new trend
Æíä ðýíúþó òðýíä
À íîâîé òåíäåíöèåé
special achievements
ñïýøüë ý÷ûûâìýíòñ
for companies
ôîî êàìïýíèç
ü êîìïàíèé
and your
æíä ¸î
è î òîì, êàê Âû
leisure pursuits.
ëåæå ïýñúþóòñ.
ïðåäïî÷èòàåòå ïðîâîäèòü
ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ.
You could also
Þó êóä îîëñîó
Âû òàêæå ìîãëè áû
make notes of
ìýéê íîóòñ îâ
îòìåòèòü òî,
1
2
1
is to have
èç ò ýõæâ
ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáëàäàíèå 2
(«èìåò ü»)
their own
ðýý îóí
ñâîèìè ñîáñòâåííûìè
(«èõ ñîáñòâåííûå»)
forms.
ôîîìç.
àíêåòàìè («àíêåòû»).
1
2
Here are + some golden rules Âîò + íåñêîëüêî çîëîòûõ
Õèý àà + ñàì ãîóëäí ðóóëç
ïðàâèë,
what you consider to be
wîò þó êýíñèäý òýáèè
÷òî Âû ñ÷èòàåòå
to follow + when
ò ó ôîëîó + wýí
your particular
¸î ïýòèêúþëý
ñâîèìè îñîáåííûìè
skills and strengths.
ñêèëç æíä ñòðýíãθñ.
óìåíèÿìè
è ñèëüíûìè ñòîðîíàìè.
(êîòîðûì) íóæíî ñëåäîâàò ü
+ ïðè (= «÷tîáû»)
filling out an application form:
ôèëèíã àóò æí æïëèêýéøüí ôîîì:
222
çàïîëíåíèè àíêåòû
(«çàïîëíÿÿ àíêåòó»):
223
Start a folder,
Ñòààò ý ôîóëäý,
Çàâåäèòå ïàïêó,
so that this information
ñîó ðæò ðèñ èíôýìýéøüí
÷òîáû ýòà èíôîðìàöèÿ
(= «òàê, ÷òî
is always easily available;
èç îîëwýéç èèçèëè ýâýéëýáë;
It is + essential that
Èò èç + èñýíøüèýë ðæò
»)
âñåãäà áûëà ïîä ðóêîé;
b) Do some detective work! á) Ïîçàíèìàéòåñü
Äóó ñàì äèòýêòèâ wœœê!
íåìíîæêî ðàññëåäîâàíèÿìè!
Find out
Ôàéíä àóò
Íàéäèòå
everything you can
ýâðèθèíã þó êæí
âñ¸, (÷òî) Âû ìîæåòå,
about the organization
ýáàóò ðý îoãýíàéçýéøüí
îá îðãàíèçàöèè,
you + are targeting.
þó + àà òààãýòèíã.
(íà êîòîðóþ) Âû +
+ íàöåëèâàåòåñü.
Study
Ñòàäè
Èçó÷è´òå
1
2+2
the company’s profile
ðý êàìïýíè’ç ïðîóôèèë
→
2
+
2
ïðåäìåò äåÿòåëüíîñòè 1
êîìïàíè’è,
ü + Âàæíî, ÷òîáû
you identify the key skills Âû îïðåäåëèëè
þó àéäýíòèôàé ðý êèè ñêèëç
êëþ÷åâûå óìåíèÿ,
sought by that organization (êîòîðûå) èùåò ýòà
ñîîò áàé ðæò îoãýíàéçýéøüí îðãàíèçàöèÿ (= «èñêîìûå
ýòîé îðãàíèçàöèåé»),
and demonstrate that
æíä äýìýíñòðýéò ðæò
è ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàëè, ÷òî
you have
þó õæâ
ó Âàñ åñòü
just the qualities
äæÿñò ðýêwîëèòèç
èìåííî òå êà÷åñòâà,
it wants.
èò wîíòñ.
(êîòîðûå) îíà õî÷åò.
These qualities
Ðèèç êwîëèòèç
Ýòè êà÷åñòâà
must be presented
ìàñò áèè ïðèçýíòèä
äîëæíû áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíû
in a concrete way.
èí ý êýíêðèèò wýé.
êîíêðåòíî.
1
and then make a list
æíä ðýí ìýéê ýëèñò
à ïîòîì ñîñòàâüòå ñïèñîê
It + would be not enough
Èò + wóä áèè íîò èíàô
of what this company
îâ wîò ðèñ êàìïýíè
òîãî, (÷òî) ýòà êîìïàíèÿ
just to say that
äæÿñò ò ó ñýé ðæò
ïðîñòî ñêàçàò ü, ÷òî
is actually looking for.
èç æêò÷óýëè ëóêèíã ôîî.
ôàêòè÷åñêè èùåò.
you have good
þó õæâ ãóä
ó Âàñ (èìååòñÿ) õîðîøàÿ
224
2
ü + Áûëî áû íåäîñòàòî÷íî
225
communication skills.
êýìúþíèêýéøüí ñêèëç.
êîììóíèêàáåëüíîñòü.
You should + say
Þó øþä + ñýé
Âàì íóæíî + ñêàçàòü
something like:
ñàìθèíã ëàéê:
÷òî-íèáóäü âðîäå:
“As leader of
«Æç ëèèäý îâ
«Êàê ðóêîâîäèòåëü
1
2
3
our school’s scientific
4
→
3
4
society, íàó÷íîãî îáùåñòâà
1
àóý ñêóóë’ç ñàéýíòèôèê ñýñàéýòè,
about both public speaking
ýáàóò áîóθ ïàáëèê ñïèèêèíã
2
2
1
Íå ïîæàëåéòå âðåìåíè,
2
to work out
ò ó wœœê àóò
÷tîáû îïðåäåëèò ü,
what will fit where
wîò wèë ôèò wýý
÷òî ïîäîéä¸ò êóäà,
and how
æíä õàó
è êàê
1
1
you + are going to +
þó + àà ãîóèíã ò y +
è î ïóáëè÷íûõ âûñòóïëåíèÿõ,
space the information.
ñïýéñ ðý èíôýìýéøüí.
ðàçìåñòèò ü èíôîðìàöèþ.
Ñopy the finished form
Êîïè ðý ôèíèøüò ôîîì
Ñêîïèðóéòå
çàïîëíåííóþ àíêåòó,
to use it as a reference
ò ó þóç èò æç ý ðýôýðýíñ
÷tîáû ñâåðÿò üñÿ ñ íåé,
if you + do + get called
èô þó + äóó + ãýò êîîëä
åñëè Âû + âñ¸ æå +
áóäåòå âûçâàíû
for an interview.
ôîî æí èíòýâúþó.
äëÿ (íà) èíòåðâüþ.
This will also help you
Ðèñ wèë îîëñîó õýëï þó
Ýòî, ê òîìó æå,
ïîìîæåò Âàì
2
1
and the exchange of opinions”;
æíä ðý èêñ÷ýéíäæü îâ ýïèíüåíç»;
c) Plan properly!
Ïëæí ïðîïýëè!
íàøåé øêîë’û
1
Take the time
Òýéê ðýòàéì
ÿ î÷åíü ìíîãî óçíàë
I learned a lot
Àé 뜜íò ýëîò
1
2
and use that as a first
draft. è ïîëüçóéòåñü åþ
æíä þóç ðæò æç ýôœœñò äðààôò.
â êà÷åñòâå ÷åðíîâèêà.
2
è îá îáìåíå ìíåíèÿìè»;
â) Ïëàíèðóéòå ïðàâèëüíî!
Âû + ñîáèðàåòåñü +
2
Read the application form
Ðèèä ðý æïëèêýéøüí ôîîì
Ïðî÷òèòå àíêåòó
thoroughly and then
θàðýëè æíä ðýí
òùàòåëüíî, è çàòåì
read it again.
ðèèä èò ýãåí.
ïðî÷òèòå å¸ ñíîâà.
fill out similar forms
ôèë àóò ñèìèëý ôîîìç
çàïîëíÿòü ïîäîáíûå àíêåòû
Make a copy of it
Ìýéê ýêîïè îâ èò
Ñíèìèòå ñ íå¸ êîïèþ
in the future;
èí ðýôúþó÷ý;
â áóäóùåì;
226
227
d) “Sell” yourself !
«Ñýë» ¸îñýëô !
ã) «Ïðîäàâàéòå» ñåáÿ!
Concentrate
on
Êîíñýíòðýéò îí
Ñîñðåäîòî÷üòåñü íà
Be positive
Áèè ïîçèòèâ
Áóäüòå ïîçèòèâíû
desribing what you can
äèñêðàéáèíã wîò þó êæí
îïèñàíèè (òîãî),
÷òî Âû ìîæåòå
ànd don’t worry about
æíä äîíò wàðè ýáàóò
è íå áåñïîêîéòåñü î òîì,
bring to an organization,
áðèíã ò ó æí îîãýíàéçýéøüí,
ïðèâíåñòè â îðãàíèçàöèþ
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»),
sounding boastful.
ñàóíäèíã áîóñòôóë.
÷òî Âàøà ðå÷ü õâàñòëèâà
(= «çâó÷àíèÿ õâàñòëèâî»).
rather than
ðààðý ðæí
à íå (íà òîì)
(= «÷åì íà òîì,
This isn’t the time
Ðèñ èçí’ò ðýòàéì
Ñåé÷àñ íå âðåìÿ
for false modesty.
ôîî ôîîëñ ìîäèñòè.
äëÿ ëîæíîé ñêðîìíîñòè.
Think about how
θ èíê ýáàóò õàó
Ïîäóìàéòå î (òîì,) êàê
you could use
þó êóä þóç
Âû ìîãëè áû èñïîëüçîâàòü
Don’t forget
Äîíò ôýãýò
your qualifications and
¸î êwîëèôèêýéøüíç æíä
ñâîþ êâàëèôèêàöèþ è
to include any extra skills
ò ó èíêëþóä ýíè ýêñòðý ñêèëç
âêëþ÷èò ü ëþáûå
äîïîëíèòåëüíûå óìåíèÿ,
your work experience
¸î wœœê èêñïèýðèýíñ
ñâîé îïûò ðàáîòû
you may have,
þó ìýé õæâ,
(êîòîðûå) Âû, ìîæåò
áûòü, èìååòå –
in a way that
èí ýwýé ðæò
òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òîáû
like driving
ëàéê äðàéâèíã
– òàêèå êàê âîæäåíèå
àâòîìîáèëÿ
makes them ↓ sound
ìýéêñ ðýì ñàóíä
çàñòàâèòü èõ çâó÷àòü
or speaking
îî ñïèèêèíã
èëè óìåíèå ãîâîðèòü
(= «ãîâîðåíèå»)
particularly relevant
ïýòèêúþëýëè ðýëèâýíò
îñîáåííî âàæíûìè
a foreign language,
ýôîðèí ëæíãwèäæü,
íà èíîñòðàííîì ÿçûêå,
to the job + you want.
òó ðýäæü¸á + þó wîíò.
äëÿ ðàáîòû, + (êîòîðóþ)
Âû õîòèòå.
if you feel (that)
èô þó ôèèë (ðæò)
åñëè Âû ÷óâñòâóåòå, (÷òî)
Áåç “to”!
228
1
what you hope
wîò þó õîóï
2
to get out of it.
òýãýò àóò îâ èò.
1
2
»),
1
÷òî Âû íàäååòåñü
2
ïîëó÷èò ü îò íå¸.
1
Íå çàáóäüòå
2
229
they are relevant.
ðýé àà ðýëèâýíò.
1
Employers are keen
Èìïëîéýç àà êèèí
îíè ü âàæíû.
1
Ðàáîòîäàòåëè ñòðåìÿòñÿ
Use black ink.
Þóç áëæê èíê.
Ïîëüçóéòåñü ÷¸ðíûìè
÷åðíèëàìè.
Write neatly and,
Ðàéò íèèòëè æíä,
Ïèøèòå àêêóðàòíî, è
to recruit
ò ó ðèêðóóò
áðàò ü íà ðàáîòó
if you know
èô þó íîó
åñëè Âû çíàåòå,
well-rounded candidates,
wýëðàóíäèä êæíäèäèòñ,
èñêðåííèõ êàíäèäàòîâ
that your writing
ðæò ¸î ðàéòèíã
÷òî Âàø ïî÷åðê
(«ïèñüáà»)
so include any hobbies,
ñîó èíêëþóä ýíè õîáèç,
òàê ÷òî, âêëþ÷àéòå ëþáûå
õîááè
is + hard to read,
èç + õààä ò ó ðèèä,
ü + òðóäåí äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ
(= «òðóäíî ÷èòàò ü»),
or any prizes
îî ýíè ïðàéçèç
èëè ëþáûå íàãðàäû,
use capital letters.
þóç êæïèòë ëåòýç.
èñïîëüçóéòå ïå÷àòíûå
áóêâû.
you may + have won.
þó ìýé + õæâ wàí.
(êîòîðûå) Âû, âîçìîæíî,
+ çàâîåâàëè
(= «... + ó Âàñ çàâî¸âàíû»).
Use a dictionary
Þóç ýäèêøüíýðè
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
Èñïîëüçóéòå ñëîâàðü,
2
to double-check spelling;
òó
äàáë÷ýê
ñïýëèíã;
÷tîáû ïðîâåðÿò ü
ïðàâîïèñàíèå;
è îïûò,
f) Be concise!
Áèè êýíñàéñ!
å) Áóäüòå êðàòêè!
to make them ↓ sound
ò ó ìýéê ðýì ñàóíä
÷tîáû çàñòàâèò ü èõ çâó÷àòü
It is + not
Èò èç + íîò
ü + Íå (î÷åíü-òî)
a´s impressive as you ca´n
æç èìïðýñèâ æç þó êæí
êàê ìîæíî áîëåå
âïå÷àòëÿþùå,
a good idea
ýãóä àéäèý
õîðîøî
without, of course,
wèðàóò, ýâêîîç,
(íî,) êîíå÷íî, áåç
to include masses
ò ó èíêëþóä ìààñèç
âêëþ÷àò ü ìàññó
being dishonest;
áèèíã äèñîíèñò;
îáìàíà;
of extra information
îâ ýêñòðý èíôýìýéøüí
äîïîëíèòåëüíîé
èíôîðìàöèè
«Talk up» your qualifications Ðàñïèñûâàéòå ñâîþ
«Òîîê àï» ¸î êwîëèôèêýéøüíç
êâàëèôèêàöèþ
and experience
æíä èêñïèýðèýíñ
Áåç “to”!
e) Think about presentation! ä) Ïîäóìàéòå
θ èíê ýáàóò ïðýçýíòýéøüí!
î ïðåçåíòàáåëüíîñòè!
230
1
2
on attached pieces of paper.
îí ýòæ÷ò ïèèñèç îâ ïýéïý.
íà ïðèëàãàåìûõ êóñî÷êàõ
áóìàãè.
231
Ýòî íóæíî äåëàòü òîëüêî
(òîãäà),
are too detailed
àà òóó äèòýéëä
ü ñëèøêîì ïîäðîáíû
when it is
wýí èò èç
êîãäà îá ýòîì
and it can make
æíä èò êæí ìýéê
è ýòî ìîæåò ïðîèçâåñòè
↔
↔
This should only be done
Ðèñ øþä îóíëè áèè äàí
specifically requested
ñïýñèôèêýëè ðèêwýñòèä
ñïåöèàëüíî çàïðàøèâàþò
(= «çàïðîøåíî»),
a very bad impression;
ý âýðè áæä èìïðýøüí;
î÷åíü ïëîõîå âïå÷àòëåíèå;
and, even then,
æíä, èèâí ðýí,
è äàæå òîãäà
g) Answer all the questions!
Ààíñý îoë ðýêwýùüíç!
æ) Îòâå÷àéòå íà âñå
âîïðîñû!
it should be kept
èò øþä áèè êýïò
îíà äîëæíà îñòàâàòüñÿ
It is + very vital
Èò èç + âýðè âàéòë
aś brief and aś relevant
æç áðèèô æíä æç ðýëèâýíò
íàñòîëüêî êðàòêîé
è ïî ñóùåñòâó,
as po´ssible.
æç ïîñèáë.
íàñêîëüêî ýòî âîçìîæíî.
1
2
to fill in + every box.
ò ó ôèë-èí + ýâðè áîêñ.
1
2
1
ü + Æèçíåííî âàæíî
2
çàïîëíÿò ü + êàæäóþ
ãðàôó.
1
2
Try not to make references to
Òðàé íîò ò ýìýéê ðýôðýíñèç òó
Ñòàðàéòåñü íå ññûëàòüñÿ íà
other sources of information –
àðý ñîîñèç îâ èíôýìýéøüí –
äðóãèå èñòî÷íèêè
èíôîðìàöèè –
äîáàâëÿò ü óñòàðåâøóþ
èíôîðìàöèþ
– it is not helpful,
– èò èç íîò õýëïôóë,
– ýòî íå ïîìîæåò,
just
to fill up the spaces
äæÿñò ò ó ôèë àï ðýñïýéñèç
òîëüêî äëÿ òîãî, ÷tîáû
çàïîëíèò ü ïðîáåëû
because forms
áèêîîç ôîîìç
òàê êàê àíêåòû
between the questions.
áèòâèèí ðý êwýùüíç.
ìåæäó âîïðîñàìè.
require specific
ðèêwàéý ñïýñèôèê
òðåáóþò ñïåöèôè÷åñêóþ
Sometimes the answers
Ñàìòàéìç ðýààíñýç
Èíîãäà îòâåòû,
and explicit information.
æíä èêñïëèñèò èíôýìýéøüí.
è èñ÷åðïûâàþùóþ
èíôîðìàöèþ.
(that) people give
(ðæò) ïèèïë ãèâ
(êîòîðûå) äàþò ëþäè,
The only way
Ðý îóíëè wýé
1
Do not + be tempted
Äóó íîò + áèè òýìòèä
2+1
to add any old information
ò ó æä ýíè îóëä èíôýìýéøüí
2
232
1
Íå + ïîääàâàéòåñü ñîáëàçíó
(«Íå áóäüòå ñîáëàçíåíû»)
2+1
2
1
1
Åäèíñòâåííîå, (êàê)
233
a prospective candidate
ý ïðîñïýêòèâ êæíäèäèò
ïîòåíöèàëüíûé êàíäèäàò
on an application form
îí æí æïëèêýéøüí ôîîì
â àíêåòó
can do
êæí äóó
ìîæåò îêàçàòü
can sometimes be
êæí ñàìòàéìç áèè
ìîæåò èíîãäà áûòü
justice
himself/ herself
õèìñýëô/õœœñýëô äæÿñòèñ
ñàìîìó ñåáå óñëóãó –
a sackable offence;
ý ñæêýáë ýôýíñ;
ïðè÷èíîé äëÿ óâîëüíåíèÿ;
is to answer everything
èç ò ó ààíñý ýâðèθèíã
– ýòî ü îòâåòèò ü íà âñ¸,
i) Check your vocabulary!
×ýê ¸î âýêýáúþëýðè!
è) Ñëåäèòå çà ñâîåé
ëåêñèêîé!
he/she is asked;
õè øüè èç ààñêò ;
î ÷¸ì åãî/å¸ ñïðàøèâàþò;
Avoid using
Ýâîéä þóçèíã
Èçáåãàéòå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ
h) Never + lie!
Íýâý + ëàé!
ç) Íèêîãäà íå + ëãèòå!
unnecessarily
àííýñèñýðèëè
èçëèøíå
Apart from the fact that
Ýïààò ôðîì ðýôæêò ðæò
Êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî
complicated
language.
êîìïëèêýéòèä ëæíãwèäæü.
ñëîæíîãî ÿçûêà.
Âû ìîæåòå áûòü ïîéìàíû
(íà ýòîì),
This will not impress.
Ðèñ wèë íîò èìïðýñ.
Ýòî íå ïðîèçâåä¸ò
(íóæíîãî) âïå÷àòëåíèÿ.
1
2
1
you might be caught out
þó ìàéò áèè êîîò àóò
1
2
1
2
and asked to tell interviewers
æíä ààñêò ò ó òýë èíòýâúþóýç
è Âàñ ïîïðîñÿò ðàññêàçàò ü
êîìèññèè
Watch out for wimpy words
Wîò÷ àóò ôîî wèìïè wœœäç
Ñëåäèòå çà çàóìíûìè
ñëîâàìè
about your fictional
ýáàóò ¸î ôèêøüíë
î Âàøåì âûìûøëåííîì
like
“mostly”, “quite”
ëàéê «ìîóñòëè», «êwàéò»
òèïà “mostly”, “quite”
ascent of Everest,
æñýíò îâ Ýâýðýñò,
ïîäú¸ìå íà Ýâåðåñò,
or “fairly” –
îî «ôýýëè» –
èëè “fairly”:
writing
ðàéòèíã
âïèñûâàíèå
they do not give the impression
ðýé äóó íîò ãèâ ðý èìïðýøüí
– îíè íå (ñîç-)äàþò
âïå÷àòëåíèÿ
deliberate falsehoods
äèëèáðèò ôîîëñõóäç
çàâåäîìî ëîæíûõ äàííûõ
of energy or enthusiasm.
îâ ýíýäüæè îî èíθúþóçèýçýì.
ýíåðãèè èëè ýíòóçèàçìà.
234
235
ÃËÀÂÀ VII.
ÐÀÇÃÎÂÎÐÛ Î ÁÈÇÍÅÑÅ.
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹39
“INTERNATIONAL
«Èíòýíæøüíë
There are not too many
Ðýý àà íîò òóó ìýíè
Èìååòñÿ íå ñëèøêîì
ìíîãî
cultural differences
êàëò÷ýðýë äèôðýíñèç
êóëüòóðíûõ ðàçëè÷èé,
1
TRADE”.
òðýéä».
and it is + easier
æíä èò èç + èèçèý
2
è ü + ëåã÷å
to understand each other,
ò ó àíäýñòæíä èèò÷ àðý,
ïîíèìàò ü äðóã äðóãà,
Âû ñîáèðàåòåñü
i.e. + understand and
ðæò èç + àíäýñòæíä æíä
òî åñòü + ïîíÿòü è
to export or to import?
ò ó ýêñïîîò îî ò ó èìïîîò?
ýêñïîðòèðîâàò ü
èëè èìïîðòèðîâàò ü?
be understood.
áèè àíäýñòóä.
áûòü ïîíÿòûì.
Seeking out new markets
Ñèèêèíã àóò íúþó ìààêèòñ
(Ïðîöåññ) Ïîèñê(à) íîâûõ
ðûíêîâ
But establishing
Áàò èñòæáëèøüèíã
Íî óñòàíîâëåíèå
ànd increasing your earnings è óâåëè÷åíèå
Âàøèõ çàðàáîòêîâ
æíä èíêðèèçèíã ¸î œœíèíãç
business relations
áèçíèñ ðèëýéøüíç
äåëîâûõ îòíîøåíèé
is always
èç îîëwýéç
âñåãäà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé
is not going to be + easy.
èç íîò ãîóèíã òýáèè + èèçè.
íå áóäåò + ë¸ãêèì.
an attractive prospect.
æí ýòðæêòèâ ïðîñïýêò.
ïðèâëåêàòåëüíóþ ïåðñïåêòèâó.
You should fully
Þó øþä ôóëè
Âû äîëæíû ïîëíîñòüþ
ü + Âñåãäà ëåã÷å
prepare yourself
ïðèïýý ¸îñýëô
ïîäãîòîâèòüñÿ
íà÷èíàò ü ñî ñòðàíû,
and try to get
æíä òðàé ò ó ãýò
«ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÀß ÒÎÐÃÎÂËß».
1
Are you intending
Àà þó èíòýíäèíã
2
3
1
It is + always easier
Èò èç + îîëwýéç èèçèý
2
to start with a country
ò ýñòààò wèð ýêàíòðè
which resembles your country. êîòîðàÿ íàïîìèíàåò Âàøó
(ñòðàíó).
wèò÷ ðèçýìáëç ¸î êàíòðè.
236
1
2
1
2
1
2
è ïîñòàðàòüñÿ ïîëó÷èò ü
aś much useful information ñòîëüêî ïîëåçíîé
æç ìàò÷ þóñôóë èíôýìýéøüí
èíôîðìàöèè
237
from different experienced
ôðîì äèôðýíò èêñïèýðèýíñò
îò ðàçëè÷íûõ îïûòíûõ
and listen to what
æíä ëèñí ò ó wîò
è ïîñëóøàéòå, ÷òî
and knowing contacts
æíä íîóèíã êîíòæêòñ
è çíàþùèõ êîíòàêòîâ
they can say.
ðýé êæí ñýé.
îíè ìîãóò ñêàçàòü.
and sources
æíä ñîîñèç
è èñòî÷íèêîâ,
Then comes the time
Ðýí êàìç ðýòàéì
as pośsible.
æç ïîñèáë.
ñêîëüêî ìîæíî.
to begin calculations
ò ýáèãèí êæëêúþëýéøüíç
(÷toáû) íà÷èíàò ü ðàñ÷¸òû
Start + by looking
Ñòààò + áàé ëóêèíã
Íà÷íèòå + ñ (òîãî, ÷òî)
îãëÿíèòåñü
(+ «ñ îãëÿäûâàíèÿ»)
and think over
æíä θèíê îóâý
è ïðîäóìûâàò ü
around you.
ýðàóíä þó.
âîêðóã ñåáÿ.
If you find* necessary people
Èô þó ôàéíä íýñèñýðè ïèèïë
Åñëè Âû íàéä¸òå*
íóæíûõ ëþäåé,
1
don’t hesitate
äîíò õýçèòýéò
1
2
1
2
+
3
your business’
strategy.
¸î
áèçíèñ’ ñòðæòèäæüè.
1
1
íå ìåäëèòå
1
Ïîòîì íàñòóïàåò âðåìÿ
2
→
2+1
+
3
1
2
ñòðàòåãèþ Âàøåãî áèçíåñ’à.
1
2+1
Don’t forget to foresee
Äîíò ôýãýò ò ó ôîîñèè
Íå çàáóäüòå ïðåäóñìîòðåò ü
generous
margins,
äüæüåíýðýñ ìààäæüèíç,
çíà÷èòåëüíûå äîïóñêè,
2
2
so as to + reduce your
ñîó æç ò ó + ðèäúþóñ ¸î
÷toáû + óìåíüøèò ü ñâîþ
succeptibility
cýêñýïòèáèëèòè
çàâèñèìîñòü
to nasty
surprises.
ò ó íààñòè ñýïðàéçèç.
îò íåïðèÿòíûõ ñþðïðèçîâ.
their knowledge and experience. èõ çíàíèÿìè è îïûòîì.
ðýý íîîëèäæü æíä èêñïèýðèýíñ.
Deñide
Äèñàéä
Ïðèìèòå ðåøåíèÿ
Ñontact companies in the area
Êîíòæêò êàìïýíèç èí ðýýðèý
on your business
strategy
îí ¸î áèçíèñ ñòðæòèäæüè
ïî ñòðàòåãèè ñâîåãî áèçíåñà.
2
2
to get in touch with them
ò ýãýò èíòàò÷ wèð ðýì
âñòóïèò ü ñ íèìè â êîíòàêò,
and make full use of
æíä ìýéê ôóë þóc îâ
è ïîëíîñòüþ âîñïîëüçóéòåñü
238
Ñâÿæèòåñü ñ êîìïàíèÿìè
â (íóæíîé Âàì) ìåñòíîñòè
239
Plan + carefully,
Ïëæí + êåýôóëè,
Ïëàíèðóéòå + òùàòåëüíî,
1
1
but allow things
áàò ýëàó θèíãç
íî ïîçâîëÿéòå ñèòóàöèè
2
2
should be decided
øþä áèè äèñàéäèä
äîëæíû áûòü ðåøåíû
in advance.
èí ýäâààíñ.
çàðàíåå.
to go better
òó ãîó áýòý
ðàçâèâàò üñÿ ëó÷øå,
And then comes* the time
Æíä ðýí êàìç ðýòàéì
À ïîòîì ïðèä¸ò* âðåìÿ
(«ïðèõîäèò»)
than you expected.
ðæí þó èêñïýêòèä.
÷åì Âû îæèäàëè.
for accountants.
ôîî ýêàóíòýíòñ.
(è) äëÿ áóõãàëòåðîâ.
Have you the resources
Õæâ þó ðýðèñîîñèç
Åñòü ëè ó Âàñ âîçìîæíîñòè,
An international
Æí èíòýíæøüíë
Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ
to meet increasing
ò ó ìèèò èíêðèèçèíã
÷tîáû ñïðàâèò üñÿ
ñ ðàñòóùèìè
firm
of accountants
ôœœì îâ ýêàóíòýíòñ
áóõãàëòåðñêàÿ ôèðìà
will** have
wèë
õæâ
òî÷íî áóäåò èìåòü
far greater resources
ôàà ãðýéòý ðèñîîñèç
çíà÷èòåëüíî áî´ëüøèå
âîçìîæíîñòè
1
2
volume demands?
âîëúþóì äèìààíäç?
1
Will you be able
Wèë þó áèè ýéáë
→
2
1
çàÿâêàìè íà êîëè÷åñòâî?
1
Ñìîæåòå ëè Âû
to say “Enough!”
ò ýñýé «Èíàô!»
ñêàçàò ü «Õâàòèò!»,
and experience of foreign business è îïûò ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî
æíä èêñïèýðèýíñ îâ ôîðèí áèçíèñ
áèçíåñà,
when things
wýí θèíãç
êîãäà îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà
than your local accountant.
ðæí ¸î ëîóêýë ýêàóíòýíò.
÷åì Âàø ìåñòíûé
áóõãàëòåð.
do* not come up
äóó íîò êàì àï
íå áóäóò ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü
(= «íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò»)
The same
Ðýñýéì
Òî æå ñàìîå
to your expectations?
ò ó ¸î ýêñïýêòýéøüíç?
Âàøèì îæèäàíèÿì?
These matters
Ðèèç ìæòýç
Ýòè âîïðîñû
2
240
2
can be applied to lawyers.
êæí áèè ýïëàéä òó ëîîéåç.
Your local lawyer
¨î ëîóêýë ëîîéå
ìîæåò êàñàòüñÿ
è þðèñòîâ
(= «ìîæåò áûòü «ïðèëîæåíî»).
Âàø ìåñòíûé þðèñò
241
might be
ìàéò áèè
ìîæåò áûòü
not fully versed
íîò ôóëè ✜ñò
“ABOUT DATA BASES”.
íå âïîëíå êîìïåòåíòåí
in the matters of double taxation
â âîïðîñàõ äâîéíîãî
èí ðýìæòýç îâ äàáë òæêñýéøüí
íàëîãîîáëîæåíèÿ
and international
æíä èíòýíæøüíë
è ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ
business contracts.
áèçíèñ êîíòðæêòñ.
äåëîâûõ êîíòðàêòîâ.
* Ïîñëå ñëîâa “if” ïðàêòè÷åñêè íèêîãäà
(à ïîñëå ñëî⠓when” è “then” âî ìíîãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ)
íå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ
ïîêàçàòåëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè ýëåìåíòû “will / shall”
(êðîìå âûðàæåíèÿ âåæëèâîñòè
“If you will ..! = «Ïîæàëóéñòà!»).
Ïîòîìó çäåñü è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íå ýëåìåíò “will”,
à ÷àñòèöà äëÿ íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè “do”;
** Õî÷ó ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ýëåìåíò “will”,
ïðîèçíåñ¸ííûé ñ óäàðåíèåì!,
ïðèäà¸ò âûðàæåíèþ áî´ëüøóþ ñòåïåíü óâåðåííîñòè:
Îí îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðèä¸ò! = He will come! – Õè wèë êàì!
242
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹40
(«ïðåäïîëîæåíèå»)
«Ýáàóò
äýéòý
áýéñèç».
«Î ÁÀÇÀÕ ÄÀÍÍÛÕ».
Using a data base
Þóçèíã ýäýéòý áýéñ
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå áàçÛ äàííÛÕ
can be an excellent
êæí áèè æí ýêñýëåíò
ìîæåò áûòü âåëèêîëåïíÛÌ
short cut
ø¸îòêàò
êðàò÷àéøèì ïîäõîäÎÌ
to good business.
ò ó ãóä áèçíèñ.
ê õîðîøÅÌÓ áèçíåñÓ
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»).
A newspaper data base,
Ý íúþóñïýéïý äýéòý áýéñ,
Ãàçåòíàÿ áàçà äàííûõ,
for example,
ôîî èãçààìïë,
íàïðèìåð,
can provide you
êæí ïðýâàéä þó
ìîæåò îáåñïå÷èòü Âàñ
Èíñòðóìåíò («×åì?»)
↓
with everything published
wèð ýâðèðèíã ïàáëèøüò
âñåì, ÷òî áûëî îïóáëèêîâàíî
(= «îïóáëèêîâàííûì»)
about a given
ýáàóò ý ãèâí
î êîíêðåòíîé
branch of business,
áðààíò÷ îâ áèçíèñ,
îòðàñëÈ áèçíåñÀ,
243
a competitor or a product.
ý êýìïýòèòý îî ý ïðîäýêò.
êîíêóðåíòÅ èëè ïðîäóêöèÈ.
which means that
wèò÷ ìèèíç ðæò
à ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî
A business data base
Ý áèçíèñ äýéòý áýéñ
Äåëîâàÿ áàçà äàííûõ
from the very beginning
ôðîì ðýâýðè áèãèíèíã
ñ ñàìÎÃÎ íà÷àëÀ
1
can be used
êæí áèè þóñò
2
1
ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà
(äëÿ òîãî),
2
1
2
1
2
you + are able to + give
þó + àà ýéáë ò ó + ãèâ
Âû + ìîæåòå + äàâàò ü
to trace
ò ó òðýéñ
÷tîáû îòñëåäèò ü
several different criteria
ñýâðýë äèôðýíò êðèòýðèý
íåñêîëüêî ðàçëè÷íÛÕ
êðèòåðèÅÂ
prospective customers –
ïðýñïýêòèâ êàñòýìýç –
ïîòåíöèàëüíÛÕ êëèåíòΠ–
for the information
ôîî ðý èíôýìýéøüí
äëÿ èíôîðìàöèÈ,
for example, importers
ôîî èãçààìïë, èìïîîòýç
íàïðèìåð, èìïîðò¸ðÎÂ
(that) you require.
(ðæò) þó ðèêwàéý.
(êîòîðàÿ) Âàì íóæíà.
of just your type
îâ äæÿñò ¸î òàéï
èìåííî ÂàøÅÃÎ âèäÀ
Such as, for example,
Ñàò÷ æç, ôîî èãçààìïë,
Êàê, íàïðèìåð,
of product,
îâ ïðîäýêò,
ïðîäóêöèÈ,
when you + are looking for
wýí þó + àà ëóêèíã ôîî
êîãäà Âû + èùåòå
or perhaps can
îî ïýõæïñ êæí
èëè, âåðîÿòíî, (îíà) ìîæåò
suppliers of some
ñýïëàéýç îâ ñàì
ïîñòàâùèêÎÂ
help* you
õýëï þó
ïîìî÷ü Âàì
rare raw materials
ðýý ðîî ìæòèýðèýëç
ðåäêÈÕ ìàòåðèàëÎÂ
(= «ðåäêÎÃÎ ñûðüß»)
*find a supplier
ôàéíä ý ñýïëàéý
íàéòè ïîñòàâùèêÀ
in a certain area
èí ý ñœœòí ýðèý
â êîíêðåòíÎÉ ìåñòíîñòÈ
of some odd sized screw.
îâ ñàì îä ñàéçä ñêðóó.
êàêÎÃÎ-íèáóäü âèíòÀ
íåîáû÷íÎÃÎ ðàçìåðÀ.
or in a particular
îî èí ý ïýòèêúþëý
èëè â îòäåëüíÎÉ
You can often select
Þó êæí îôí ñèëåêò
Âû ÷àñòî ìîæåòå âûáðàòü
branch of business.
áðààíò÷ îâ áèçíèñ.
îòðàñëÈ áèçíåñÀ.
several variables,
ñýâðýë âåýðèýáëç,
íåñêîëüêî âàðèàíòÎÂ,
In practical terms
Èí ïðæêòèêë òœœìç
Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ãîâîðÿ,
244
êàêÈÕ-òî
245
that can mean
ðæò êæí ìèèí
ýòî ìîæåò îçíà÷àòü,
that you sign an agreement
ðæò þó ñàéí æí ýãðèèìýíò
÷òî Âû ïîäïèñûâàåòå äîãîâîð
“SOME CONDITIONS OF DELIVERY”.
with a data base company,
wèð ý äýéòý áýéñ êàìïýíè,
ñ êîìïàíèåé, (èìåþùåé)
áàçó äàííûõ,
«ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÓÑËÎÂÈß ÄÎÑÒÀÂÊÈ».
and after that,
æíä ààôòý ðæò,
è ïîñëå ýòîãî
When exporting
Wýí ýêñïîîòèíã
Êîãäà Âû ýêñïîðòèðóåòå
you’ll be coupled
þó’ë áèè êàïëä
Âàñ ïîäñîåäèíÿò (= «Âû
áóäåòå ïîäñîåäèíåíû»)
or importing goods,
îî èìïîîòèíã ãóäç,
èëè èìïîðòèðóåòå òîâàðû,
via modem
âàéý ìîóäýì
÷åðåç ìîäåì
to this company.
ò ó ðèñ êàìïýíè.
1
This will allow you
Ðèñ wèë ýëàó þó
2
ê ýòîé êîìïàíèÈ
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»).
1
Ýòî ïîçâîëèò Âàì
2
to call-up on the screen
ò y êîîë àï îí ðýñêðèèí
âûçûâàò ü íà ýêðàíå
of your own computer
îâ ¸î îóí êýìïúþóòý
Âàøåãî ñîáñòâåííîãî
êîìïüþòåðà
1
2
→
2
1
the information + you require íóæíÓÞ Âàì + èíôîðìàöèÞ
ðý èíôýìýéøüí + þó ðèêwàéý
whenever you need it.
êîãäà áû îíà Âàì
íè ïîíàäîáèëàñü
wýíýâý þó íèèä èò.
(= «êàæäûé ðàç, êîãäà îíà Âàì íóæíà»).
* Âñïîìíèòå, ÷òî â ðàçãîâîðíîì ÿçûêå ïîñëå ãëàãîëà “help”
ïåðåä ïîñëåäóþùèì ãëàãîëîì ñåãîäíÿ óæå
ìîæíî íå óïîòðåáëÿòü ÷àñòèöó “to”.
246
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹41
«Ñàì
êýíäèøüíç
1
2
îâ
äèëèâýðè».
1
2
you need + to know
þó íèèä + ò ó íîó
Âàì íóæíî + çíàò ü,
how they
õàó ðýé
êàê îíè
1
2
1
2
are going to be
àà ãîóèíã ò ó áèè
ïðåäïîëàãàþòñÿ áûò ü
delivered.
äèëèâýä.
äîñòàâëåíû.
The delivery terms
Ðý äèëèâýðè òœœìç
Óñëîâèÿ ïîñòàâêè
of the contract
îâ ðý êîíòðæêò
ïî êîíòðàêòÓ
2 ñëîâà
will determine
wèë äèòœœìèí
which partner
wèò÷ ïààòíý
→
1 ñëîâî
îïðåäåëÿò,
êàêîé ïàðòí¸ð
247
is responsible for
èç ðèñïîíñèáë ôîî
ü îòâåòñòâåíåí çà
which state
wèò÷ ñòýéò
êîòîðûå óñòàíàâëèâàþò,
the transportation
ðý òðæíñïîîòýéøüí
òðàíñïîðòèðîâêÓ
that one partner
ðæò wàí ïààòíý
÷òî îäèí ïàðòí¸ð
of these goods.
îâ ðèèç ãóäç.
ýòÈÕ òîâàðÎÂ.
Responsibility
can often
Ðèñïîíñèáèëèòè êæí îôí
Îòâåòñòâåííîñòü ÷àñòî ìîæåò
be divided
áèè äèâàéäèä
áûòü ïîäåëåíà
(«ÿâëÿåòñÿ îòâåòñòâåííûì»)
2 ñëîâà
will pay the costs,
wèë ïýé ðýêîñòñ,
→
and the other
æíä ðý àðý
2 ñëîâà
1 ñëîâî
îïëàòèò ðàñõîäû,
à äðóãîé
→
1 ñëîâî
so that
ñîó ðæò
òàê(-èì îáðàçîì), ÷òî
will take the risks.
wèë òýéê ðýðèñêñ.
the seller pays
ðýñýëý ïýéç
ïðîäàâåö îïëà÷èâàåò
The chosen method
Ðý ÷îóçí ìýθýä
Èçáðàííûé ìåòîä
the costs and risks
ðýêîñòñ æíä ðèñêñ
ðàñõîäû è ðèñêè
of
transportation
îâ òðæíñïîîòýéøüí
òðàíñïîðòèðîâêÈ
up to + a given point,
àï ò ó + ý ãèâí ïîéíò,
äî + îïðåäåë¸ííÎÃÎ ïóíêòÀ,
can depend
êæí äèïýíä
ìîæåò çàâèñåòü
and the buyer + takes over
æíä ðýáàéý + òýéêñ îóâý
à ïîêóïàòåëü + ïðèíèìàåò
(ðàñõîäû è ðèñêè)
on the cost,
îí ðýêîñò,
îò ñòîèìîñòÈ,
from there.
ôðîì ðýý.
îò òîãî ìåñòà.
the time taken,
ðýòàéì òýéêýí,
(îò) êîíêðåòíÎÃÎ âðåìåíÈ,
There are + also
Ðýý àà + îîëñîó
Èìåþòñÿ + òàêæå
type of goods etc.
òàéï îâ ãóäç èòñýòðý.
(îò) âèäÀ òîâàðΠè ò. ä.
delivery clauses
äèëèâýðè êëîîçèñ
«îãîâîðêè ïîñòàâêè»,
The four major
Ðý ôîî ìýéäæüå
×åòûðüìÿ ãëàâíûìè
248
ïðèìåò íà ñåáÿ ðèñêè.
249
shipping methods are
øüèïèíã ìýθýäç àà
âèäàìè ïåðåâîçîê
ÿâëÿþòñÿ
experts in transporting goods ýêñïåðòÀÌÈ ïî ïåðåâîçêÅ
ýêñïœòñ èí òðæíñïîîòèíã ãóäç
òîâàðîâ
sea, road,
ñèè, ðîóä,
ìîðñêîé, íàçåìíûé,
to and from different countries, â ðàçíûå ñòðàíû è èç íèõ,
ò ó æíä ôðîì äèôðýíò êàíòðèç,
rail and air.
ðýéë æíä ýý.
æåëåçíîäîðîæíûé
è âîçäóøíûé.
and in everything that
æíä èí ýâðèθèíã ðæò
If you are not sure
Èô þó àà íîò øþý
Åñëè Âû íå óâåðåíû,
entails customs regulations, êàñàåòñÿ òàìîæåííÎÃÎ
ðåãóëèðîâàíèß,
èíòýéëç êàñòýìç ðýãúþëýéøüíç,
which method of transportation
wèò÷ ìýθýä îâ òðæíñïîîòýéøüí
êàêîé âèä ïåðåâîçêÈ
è ïî âñåìó, ÷òî
import / export restrictions, îãðàíè÷åíèÉ ïî èìïîðòó
èìïîîò / ýêñïîîò ðèñòðèêøüíç,
è ýêñïîðòó,
is most suitable
èç ìîóñò ñúþóòýáë
íàèáîëåå ïîäõîäèò
delivery terms,
äèëèâýðè òœœìç,
for your goods,
ôîî ¸î ãóäç,
äëÿ ÂàøÈÕ òîâàðÎÂ,
1
2
→
business invoicing
etc.
áèçíèñ èíâîéñèíã èòñýòðý.
or how
îî õàó
èëè êàê
Even if + you
Èèâí èô + þó
Äàæå åñëè + Âû
the documentation
ðý äîêúþìýíòýéøüí
äîêóìåíòàöèÿ
basically understand
áýéñèêýëè àíäýñòæíä
â îñíîâíîì ïîíèìàåòå,
how the system works
õàó ðýñèñòýì wœœêñ
êàê (ýòà) ñèñòåìà ðàáîòàåò,
should be organized,
øþä áèè îîãýíàéçä,
1
äîëæíà áûòü îôîðìëåíà,
2
→
2
1
1
óñëîâèé ïîñòàâêè,
2
1
îôîðìëåíèÿ ôàêòóð è ò.ä.
1
you can employ
þó êæí èìïëîé
Âû ìîæåòå íàíÿòü
to contact a forwarding agent. ñâÿçàòüñÿ ñ ýêñïåäèòîðÎÌ.
ò y êîíòæêò ý ôîîwýäèíã ýéäæåíò.
a forwarding agent
ý ôîîwýäèíã ýéäæåíò
ýêñïåäèöèîííÎÃÎ àãåíòÀ,
Forwarding agents
are
Ôîîwýäèíã ýéäæåíòñ àà
to take care of all
ò ó òýéê êåý îâ îîë
it would be wise for you
èò wóä áèè wàéç ôîî þó
250
òî äëÿ Âàñ áûëî áû
ðàçóìíûì
Ýêñïåäèòîðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ
2
2
÷tîáû (îí) ïîçàáîòèëñÿ
îáî âñÅÉ
251
or of part of the work
îî îâ ïààò îâ ðýwœœê
èëè î ÷àñòÈ ðàáîòÛ,
different forwarding agencies
äèôðýíò ôîîwýäèíã ýéäæåíñèç
ðàçíûìè ýêñïåäèöèîííûìè
àãåíòñòâàìè,
êîòîðàÿ + äîëæíà +
so that + you can
ñîó ðæò + þó êæí
÷òîáû + Âû ìîãëè
be fulfilled.
áèè ôóëôèëä.
áûò ü âûïîëíåíà.
compare prices,
êýìïýý ïðàéñèç,
ñðàâíèòü ðàñöåíêè,
Many forwarding agents
Ìýíè ôîîwýäèíã ýéäæåíòñ
Ìíîãèå ýêñïåäèöèîííûå
àãåíòû
ãðàôèêè äâèæåíèÿ è óñëîâèÿ.
are also shippers,
àà îîëñîó øüèïýç,
ÿâëÿþòñÿ è ïåðåâîç÷èêÀÌÈ,
timetables and conditions.
òàéìòýéáëç æíä êýíäèøüíç.
1
that + has to +
ðæò + õæç ò ó +
2
i.e. they transport
ðæò èç ðýé òðæíñïîîò
ü
goods as well,
ãóäç æç wýë,
but they also can
áàò ðýé îoëñîó êæí
1
contract other shippers
êîíòðæêò àðý øüèïýç
2
ü
òî åñòü, îíè òîæå ïåðåâîçÿò
When regular deliveries
Wýí ðýãúþëý äèëèâýðèç
are being considered
àà áèèíã êýíñèäýä
òîâàðû,
1
íî îíè òàêæå ìîãóò
1
íàíÿòü äðóãÈÕ
ïåðåâîç÷èêÎÂ,
2
}
2
Êîãäà ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ
ðåãóëÿðíûå ïîñòàâêè,
1
it may be best to look for
èò ìýé áèè áýñò ò yëóê ôîî
òî ìîæåò áûòü ëó÷øå
ïîèñêàò ü
the cheapest
alternative,
ðý÷ûûïèñò îîëòœœíýòèâ,
ñàìÓÞ äåø¸âÓÞ
àëüòåðíàòèâÓ,
but you should remember
ðèìýìáý
áàò þó øþä
íî Âàì ñëåäóåò ïîìíèòü,
2
to carry out
ò ó êæðè àóò
÷tîáû òå âûïîëíèëè
(= «÷tîáû âûïîëíèò ü»)
the transportation
itself.
ðý òðæíñïîoòýéøüí èòñýëô.
ñàìÓ ïåðåâîçêÓ.
that a low transportation cost ÷òî íèçêàÿ ñòîèìîñòü
ðæò ý ëîó òðæíñïîîòýéøüí êîñò
ïåðåâîçêè
ü + Î÷åíü ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ
is not necessarily
èç íîò íýñèñýðèëè
íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ÿâëÿåòñÿ
ñâÿçàò üñÿ ñ íåñêîëüêÈÌÈ
the best decision.
ðýáýñò äèñèæüí.
(íàè-)ëó÷øèì ðåøåíèåì.
1
It is + mostly advisable
Èò èç + ìîóñòëè ýäâàéçýáë
2
to contact several
ò ó êîíòæêò ñýâðýë
252
253
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹42
×åì?
“BUSINESS TRIPS REQUIRE PREPARATION”.
«Áèçíèñ
òðèïñ
ðèêwàéý
ïðýïýðýéøüí».
«ÄÅËÎÂÛÅ ÏÎÅÇÄÊÈ ÒÐÅÁÓÞÒ ÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÈ».
↓
by dramatic terrorist acts,
áàé äðýìæòèê òýðýðèñò æêòñ,
äðàìàòè÷íûìè àêòàìè
òåððîðèçìà,
×åì?
Travels
Òðæâëç
Ïóòåøåñòâèÿ
↓
but by conventional illnesses
áàò áàé êýíâýíøüíë èëíèñèç
have always been
associated
õæâ îoëwýéç áèèí ýñîóøüèýéòèä
âñåãäà àññîöèèðîâàëèñü
and traditional criminality.
æíä òðýäèøüíë êðèìèíæëèòè.
è òðàäèöèîííîé
ïðåñòóïíîñòüþ.
Çàáîëåòü («Çàáîëåâàíèå»)
with uncertainty and danger.
wèð àíñœœòýíòè æíä äýéíäæüå.
ñ íåîïðåäåë¸ííîñòüþ
è îïàñíîñòüþ.
Falling ill,
Ôîîëèíã èë,
Although we shouldn’t
Îîëðîó wè øþäíò
Õîòÿ ìû íå äîëæíû
(áûëè áû)
or suffering an accident,
îî ñàôýðèíã æí æêñèäýíò,
èëè ïîïàñòü â íåñ÷àñòíûé
(«ïîïàäàíèå») ñëó÷àé,
exaggerate
the dangers,
èãçæäæüåðýéò ðýäýéíäæüåç,
ïðåóâåëè÷èâàòü
îïàñíîñòè,
or being
subjected to
îî áèèíã ñàáäæüåêòèä òó
èëè ñòàòü æåðòâîé
(= «ïîäâåðãàíèå»)
ïðåñòóïíîé àêòèâíîñòè
we definitely shouldn’t
wè äýôèíèòëè øþäíò
ìû îïðåäåë¸ííî
íå äîëæíû
criminal activity
êðèìèíýë æêòèâèòè
ignore them.
èãíîî ðýì.
(è) èãíîðèðîâàòü èõ.
during a sojourn abroad
äúþýðèíã ý ñîäæüœœí ýáðîîä
âî âðåìÿ ïðåáûâàíèÿ
çà ãðàíèöåé
ìîãëî áû èìåòü
The most dangerous threats
Ðýìîóñò äýéíäæüåðýñ θðýòñ
Ñàìûå îïàñíûå óãðîçû
could have
êóä õæâ
ñåðü¸çíûå ïîñëåäñòâèÿ.
to the traveller abroad
ò ó ðý òðæâëý ýáðîîä
äëÿ ïóòåøåñòâåííèêà
çà ãðàíèöåé
serious consequencies.
ñèðúåñ êýíñèêwèíñèç.
are not
generated
àà íîò äæüåíýðýéòèä
ñîçäàþòñÿ íå
Passports,
driving licences,
Ïààñïîîòñ, äðàéâèíã ëàéñýíñèç,
Ïàñïîðòà,́ âîäèòåëüñêèå
ïðàâà,
credit cards and other
êðýäèò êààäç æíä àðý
êðåäèòíûå êàðòî÷êè
è äðóãèå
254
à îáû÷íûìè
çàáîëåâàíèÿìè
255
similar documents
ñèìèëý äîêúþìýíòñ
ïîäîáíûå äîêóìåíòû
1
are
àà
ÿâëÿþòñÿ
attractive to thieves
ýòðæêòèâ ò ó θèèâç
ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè äëÿ âîðîâ
1
It makes no sense
Èò ìýéêñ íîó ñýíñ
Íåò ñìûñëà
2
to expose yourself
ò ó èêñïîóç ¸îñýëô
ïîäâåðãàò ü ñåáÿ
to the risk
ò ó ðýðèñê
ðèñêó
of suddenly being
îâ ñàäíëè áèèíã
âíåçàïíî îêàçàòüñÿ
(«âíåçàïíîãî áûòèÿ»)
So the registration numbers Òàê ÷òî, (âñå) äàííûå
Ñîó ðý ðýäæüèñòðýéøüí íàìáýç (= «ðåãèñòðàöèîííûå íîìåðà»)
without any
wèðàóò ýíè
áåç (õîòü) êàêîãî-íèáóäü
of such documentation
îâ ñàò÷ äîêúþìýíòýéøüí
òàêèõ äîêóìåíòîâ
form of
identification,
ôîîì îâ àéäýíòèôèêýéøüí,
óäîñòîâåðåíèÿ ëè÷íîñòè
should be + noted down
øþä áèè + íîóòèä äàóí
äîëæíû áûòü + ïåðåïèñàíû
or without the basic
îî wèðàóò ðý áýéñèê
èëè áåç îñíîâíûõ
before departure
áèôîî äèïààò÷ý
ïåðåä îòúåçäîì
documentation for the job äîêóìåíòîâ, (íóæíûõ)
äîêúþìýíòýéøüí ôîî ðýäæ¸á
äëÿ ðàáîòû,
and kept at home.
æíä êýïò æòõîóì.
è ñîõðàíåíû äîì́à.
to be carried out.
òy áèè êæðèä àóò.
Another practical measure
Ýíàðý ïðæêòèêë ìýæüå
Äðóãîé ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ñïîñîá –
Selecting your hotel
Ñèëeêòèíã ¸î õîóòýë
– ñäåëàò ü (ôîòî-)êîïèè
is also
important.
èç îoëñîó èìïîîòýíò.
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
2
and difficult to replace.
æíä äèôèêýëò ò ó ðèïëýéñ.
1
2
is to take (photo)copies
èç ò ó òýéê ôîóòýêîïèç
è (èõ) òðóäíî çàìåíèò ü
(«÷toáû çàìåíèò ü»).
of important documentation
îâ èìïîîòýíò äîêúþìýíòýéøüí
before leaving.
áèôîî ëèèâèíã.
256
âàæíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ
ïåðåä îòúåçäîì
(= «îòúåçæàíèåì»).
1
2
(êîòîðóþ) ïðåäñòîèò
ñäåëàòü.
Âûáîð Âàøåé ãîñòèíèöû
(«Âûáèðàíèå»)
òàêæå âàæåí.
It pays to take a closer look
Èò ïýéç ò y òýéê ý êëîócý ëóê
Ñòî ´èò ïîâíèìàòåëüíåå
ïîñìîòðåò ü
at what is available.
æò wîò èç ýâýéëáë.
íà òî, ÷òî ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ
(«äîñòóïíî»).
257
The location
Ðýëîóêýéøüí
Ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå
be taken into account
áèè òýéêýí èíòó ýêàóíò
ïðèíèìàòüñÿ âî âíèìàíèå
(«áûòü ïðèíÿòà»)
is often more important
èç îôí ìîî èìïîîòýíò
ü çà÷àñòóþ âàæíåå,
when booking your hotel.
wýí áóêèíã
¸î õîóòýë.
ïðè çàêàçå ãîñòèíèöû.
(«çàêàçûâàíèè»)
than
ðæí
÷åì
Hotel
fires
Õîóòýë ôàéýç
Ïîæàðû â ãîñòèíèöàõ
(= «Ãîñòèíè÷íûå ïîæàðû»)
the service standard.
ðý ñœœâèñ ñòæíäýä.
óðîâåíü îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.
often cause
îôí êîîç
÷àñòî áûâàþò ïðè÷èíîé
If your hotel is situated
Èô ¸î õîóòýë èç ñèòúþýéòèä
Åñëè âàøà ãîñòèíèöà
ðàñïîëîæåíà
serious damage and deaths.
ñèðüåñ äæìèäæü æíä äýθñ.
ñåðü¸çíîãî óðîíà è ñìåðòåé.
in the vicinity
èí ðýâèñèíèòè
âáëèçè (= íåïîäàëåêó)
of communications
îâ êýìúþíèêýéøüíç
îò òðàíïîðòà,
1
2
2
1
(that) you need to use
(ðæò) þó íèèä ò ó þóç
(êîòîðûì) Âàì íóæíî 2
ïîëüçîâàò üñÿ,
and places
æíä ïëýéñèç
è (îò) ìåñò,
1
2
1
Be careful and try
Áèè êeýôóë æíä òðàé
1
Áóäüòå îñòîðîæíû è 1
ïîñòàðàéòåñü
2
to make sure (that)
ò y ìýéê øþý (ðæò)
óäîñòîâåðèò üñÿ (â òîì), ÷òî
you have + access
þó õæâ + æêñýñ
ó Âàñ åñòü + äîñòóï
to a fire escape
ò ó ý ôàéý èñêýéï
ê ïîæàðíîìó âûõîäó
ñ Âàøåãî ýòàæà.
(“to” = «íàïðàâëåíèå»)
you intend to visit,
þó èíòýíä ò ó âèçèò,
(êîòîðûå) Âû íàìåðåâàåòåñü
ïîñåòèò ü,
from your hotel floor.
ôðîì ¸î õîóòýë ôëîî.
then you can save
ðýí þó êæí ñýéâ
òîãäà Âû ìîæåòå ñýêîíîìèòü
The risk of + falling ill + abroad
Ðýðèñê îâ + ôîîëèíã èë + ýáðîîä
a lot of + time.
ýëîò îâ + òàéì.
ìàññó + âðåìåíè.
is often related to
èç îôí ðèëýéòèä ò ó
÷àñòî ñîîòíîñÿò ñî
Safety should also
Ñýéôòè øþä îîëñîó
Áåçîïàñíîñòü äîëæíà òàêæå
a number of different factors,
ýíàìáý îâ äèôðýíò ôæêòýç,
ìíîæåñòâîì ðàçëè÷íûõ
ôàêòîðîâ,
258
2
Ðèñê + çàáîëåâàíèÿ +
+ çà ãðàíèöåé
259
íî ëþáóþ áîëåçíü, (êîòîðóþ)
instead of tap water,
èíñòýä îâ òæï woîòý,
Âû + ìîãëè áû
avoiding certain food
etc.
èçáåãàòü îïðåäåë¸ííîé ïèùè
ýâîéäèíã ñœœòí ôóóä èòñýòðý. («èçáåãàíèå») è ò.ä.
get + abroad
ãýò + ýáðîîä
çàïîëó÷èò ü + çà ãðàíèöåé
If you are spending abroad
Èô þó àà ñïýíäèíã ýáðîîä
(except tropical ones),
(èêñýïò òðîïèêýë wàíñ),
(çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì
òðîïè÷åñêèõ),
but any illness
áàò ýíè èëíèñ
1
you + are likely to
þó + àà ëàéêëè ò ó
2
1
you are equally likely to
þó àà èêwýëè ëàéêëè ò y
2
get at home.
ãýò æòõîóì.
1
Âû òî÷íî òàê æå ñìîãëè áû
çàïîëó÷èò ü äî ´ìà.
2
Trying to prevent
Òðàéèíã ò ýïðèâýíò
1
2
Ïîïûòàòüñÿ èçáåæàò ü
(«Ïîïûòêà»)
âìåñòî âîäû èç-ïîä êðàíà,
Åñëè Âû ïðîâîäèòå
çà ãðàíèöåé
an extended period of time äëèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä âðåìåíè,
æí èêñòýíäèä ïèýðèýä îâ òàéì
you will need access
þó wèë íèèä æêñýñ
(òî) Âàì áóäåò íóæåí
äîñòóï
to a good medical
òó ý ãóä ìýäèêë
ê õîðîøåé ìåäèöèíñêîé
health care service.
õýëθ êåý ñœœâèñ.
ñëóæáå îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ.
1
You should + try
Þó øþä + òðàé
1
Âàì ñëåäóåò + ïîïûòàòüñÿ
catching a specific illness
êæò÷ûíã ý ñïýñèôèê èëíèñ
ïîäõâàòûâàíèÿ êàêîé-íèáóäü
ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé áîëåçíè
is + difficult,
èç + äèôèêýëò,
ü + òðóäíî,
but you can
áàò þó êæí
íî Âû ìîæåòå
and investigate the possibilities
æíä èíâýñòèãýéò ðýïîñèáèëèòèç
take some measures
òýéê ñàì ìýæüåç
ïðåäïðèíÿòü êîå-êàêèå ìåðû,
of obtaining assistance
îâ ýáòýéíèíã ýñèñòýíñ
ïîëó÷åíèÿ (âðà÷åáíîé)
ïîìîùè
suñh as + drinking
ñàò÷ æç + äðèíêèíã
êàê, íàïðèìåð, + ïèòü
(«ïèòèå»)
(should + you fall ill)
(øþä + þó ôîîë èë)
(åñëè âäðóã + Âû çàáîëååòå)
mineral water
ìèíðýë wîîòý
ìèíåðàëüíóþ âîäó
aś soon as po´ssible.
æç ñóóí æç ïîñèáë.
êàê ìîæíî áûñòðåå.
260
2
2
to get in touch
ò ó ãýò èíòàò÷
ñâÿçàò üñÿ
with a good doctor
wèð ý ãóä äàêòý
ñ õîðîøèì äîêòîðîì
è èçó÷èòü âîçìîæíîñòè
261
ÒÅÊÑÒ ¹43
“NO BUSINESS
WITHOUT LEGAL EXPERTISE”.
«Íîó áèçíèñ wèðàóò ëèèãë ýêñïýòèèç».
«ÍÈÊÀÊÎÃÎ ÁÈÇÍÅÑÀ
ÁÅÇ ÞÐÈÄÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÈÇÛ».
sometimes
ñàìòàéìç
èíîãäà
one or two pages
wàí îî òóó ïýéäæüèç
îäíîé èëè äâóõ ñòðàíèö
will suffice.
wèë ñýôàéñ.
áóäåò äîñòàòî÷íî.
 ëþáîì ñëó÷àå,
ü + âàæíî, ÷òîáû
An agreement between
Æí ýãðèèìýíò áèòwèèí
Äîãîâîð ìåæäó
However,
Õàóýâý,
(two and more) companies
(òóó æíä ìîî) êàìïýíèç
(äâóìÿ è áîëåå) ôèðìàìè
it is + important that
èò èç + èìïîîòýíò ðæò
must clearly and succinctly
ìàñò êëèýëè æíä ñýêñèíêòëè
äîëæåí ÿñíî è ñæàòî
state the rights
ñòýéò ðýðàéòñ
êîíñòàòèðîâàòü ïðàâà
and responsibilities
æíä ðèñïîíñèáèëèòèç
è îáÿçàííîñòè
of the parties concerned,
îâ ðýïààòèç êýíñœœíä,
ó÷àñòâóþùèõ ñòîðîí,
i.e.
participating
ðæò èç ïààòèñèïýéòèíã
òî åñòü (ñòîðîí),
ó÷àñòâóþùèõ
in this agreement.
èí ðèñ ýãðèèìýíò.
â ýòîì ñîãëàøåíèè.
1
1
this document is designed
ðèñ äîêúþìýíò èç äèçàéíä
2+1
to allow all parties
ò ó ýëàó îîë ïààòèç
2
1
äîêóìåíò áûë îôîðìëåí òàê,
2+1
÷toáû ïîçâîëèò ü âñåì
ó÷àñòíèêàì
2
to confirm their presence in it. ïîäòâåðäèòü èõ ïðèñóòñòâèå
ò y êýíôœœì ðýý ïðýçíñ èí èò.
â í¸ì.
If many letters
Èô ìýíè ëåòýç
Åñëè ðàíåå (óæå)
ïðîèçîø¸ë
have been previously exchanged îáìåí ìíîãèìè ïèñüìàìè
õæâ áèèí ïðèâüýñëè èêñ÷ýéíäæüä
An agreement doesn’t have to Ñîãëàøåíèå íå äîëæíî
Æíýãðèèìýíò äàçíò õæâ ò ó
and + a lot of + discussions
æíä + ýëîò îâ + äèñêàøüíç
è + ìíîãî + äèñêóññèé
be too long,
áèè òóó ëîíã,
have already taken place,
õæâ îîëðýäè òýéêýí ïëýéñ,
óæå ñîñòîÿëîñü,
2
262
áûò ü ñëèøêîì äëèííûì,
263
1
it + would be wise
èò + wóä áèè wàéç
ü + áûëî áû ðàçóìíî
and therefore leave out
æíä ðýýôîî ëèèâ àóò
è òàêèì îáðàçîì (îíè)
óïóñêàþò
and necessary
æíä íýñèñýðè
è íåîáõîäèìî
many impotant
ìýíè èìïîîòýíò
ìíîãî âàæíûõ
ñóììèðîâàò ü âñå ïóíêòû,
matters and details.
ìæòýç æíä äèòýéëç.
ïðîáëåì è äåòàëåé.
(ïî êîòîðûì) «äîãîâîðåíî»,
Certain requirements
Ñœœòí ðèêwàéìýíòñ
Îïðåäåë¸ííûå òðåáîâàíèÿ
â îäíîì äîêóìåíòå,
and conditions
æíä êýíäèøüíç
è óñëîâèÿ
are left out + by mistake,
àà ëåôò àóò + áàéìèñòýéê,
ïðîïóñêàþòñÿ + ïî îøèáêå,
2
to summarize all the points
ò y ñàìýðàéç îîë ðýïîéíòñ
1
2
agreed upon
ýãðèèä ýïîí
in one document,
èí wàí äîêúþìýíò,
→
2
1
i.e. + in a business contract. òî åñòü + â êîíòðàêòå.
ðæò èç + èí ýáèçíèñ êîíòðæêò.
Very many disputes
Âýðè ìýíè äèñïúþóòñ
Î÷åíü ìíîãèõ ñïîðîâ
some sections
ñàì ñýêøüíç
íåêîòîðûå ÷àñòè (äîãîâîðà)
could be avoided
êóä áèè ýâîéäèä
ìîæíî áûëî áû èçáåæàòü,
are stated
àà ñòýéòèä
ü èçëîæåíû
if the partners were
èô ðýïààòíýç wœœ
åñëè áû ïàðòí¸ðû áûëè
vaguely or incompletely.
âýéãëè îî èíêýìïëèèòëè.
íå÷¸òêî èëè íå ïîëíîñòüþ.
more long-sighted.
ìîî ëîíãñàéòèä.
áîëåå äàëüíîâèäíûìè.
Of course, sometimes
Ýâêîîç, ñàìòàéìç
Êîíå÷íî, èíîãäà
Many agreements
Ìýíè ýãðèèìýíòñ
Ìíîãî äîãîâîðîâ
such agreements
ñàò÷ ýãðèèìýíòñ
òàêèå äîãîâîðà
are drawn up
àà äðîîí àï
ñîñòàâëÿþòñÿ
will work anyway
wèë wœœê ýíèwýé
áóäóò ðàáîòàòü
â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå,
without legal assistance
wèðàóò ëèèãë ýñèñòýíñ
áåç þðèäè÷åñêîé ïîääåðæêè,
because both partners
áèêîîç áîóθ ïààòíýç
ïîòîìó ÷òî îáà ïàðòí¸ðà
264
265
have a mutual interest
õæâ ý ìúþó÷óýë èíòðèñò
îäèíàêîâî çàèíòåðåñîâàíû
â òîì, (= «èìåþò îáîþäíûé
èíòåðåñ»)
written into the agreement,
ðèòí èíòó ðý ýãðèèìýíò,
âïèñàíû â äîãîâîð,
in making sure
èí ìýéêèíã øþý
÷òîáû ãàðàíòèðîâàòü
(«â ãàðàíòèðîâàíèè»),
then the disputes
ðýí ðý äèñïúþóòñ
òîãäà ñïîðû
(that) the agreement
(ðæò) ðý ýãðèèìýíò
(÷òî) äîãîâîð
can + come thick and fast.
êæí + êàì θ èê æíä ôààñò.
ìîãóò + îáðóøèòüñÿ êàê
ñíåã íà ãîëîâó.
will be + carried out,
wèë áèè + êæðèä àóò,
áóäåò + âûïîëíåí,
Ìíîãèå ôèðìû
and because they
æíä áèêîîç ðýé
è ïîòîìó, ÷òî îíè
Many companies
Ìýíè êàìïýíèç
1
1
have found it convenient
õæâ ôàóíä èò êýíâèíúýíò
1
really want
ðèýëè wîíò
äåéñòâèòåëüíî õîòÿò
2
to develop
ò ó äèâýëýï
ìåæäóíàðîäíûå
äîãîâîðà,
2
2
to do business with each other. äåëàòü áèçíåñ äðóã ñ äðóãîì.
ò y äóó áèçíèñ wèð èèò÷ àðý.
1
ñî÷ëè óäîáíûì
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî
↓
2
óëó÷øàò ü
↓
↓
But if
Áàò èô
Íî åñëè
international
contracts
èíòýíæøüíë êîíòðæêòñ
the economic climate
ðý èêýíîìèê êëàéìèò
ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ îáñòàíîâêà
successively, ←
ñýêñýñèâëè,
deteriorates,
äèòèýðèðýéòñ,
óõóäøàåòñÿ,
but as a rule,
áàò æç ý ðóóë,
íî, êàê ïðàâèëî,
the company uses
ðýêàìïýíè þóçèç
ôèðìà èñïîëüçóåò
íåïðåäâèäåííûå ñèòóàöèè,
its most recent agreement
èòñ ìîóñò ðèèñíò ýãðèèìýíò
ñâîé ñàìûé ïîñëåäíèé
äîãîâîð
that should have (been)
ðæò øþä õæâ (áèèí)
êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûëè,
as a single model,
æç ý ñèíãë ìîóäë,
êàê åäèíñòâåííûé îáðàçåö,
but haven’t been
áàò õæâíò áèèí
íî íå áûëè
just
changing dates
äæÿñò ÷ýéíäæüèíã äýéòñ
ïðîñòî ìåíÿÿ äàòû
1
or unforeseen
îî àíôîîñèèí
2
3
→
situations arise
ñèòüþýéøüíç ýðàéç
266
{
3
èëè âîçíèêàþò
1
2
←
← ←
(â êîíåö) ← ← ←
↓
267
and inserting
æíä èíñœœòèíã
è âñòàâëÿÿ
the standard paragraphs
ðý ñòæíäýä ïæðýãðaaôñ
ñòàíäàðòíûå ïàðàãðàôû,
which have been applied
wèò÷ õæâ áèèí ýïëàéä
êîòîðûå ïðèìåíÿëèñü
for many years,
ôîî ìýíè éèýç,
ìíîãî ëåò,
hence + replying
õýíñ + ðèïëàéèíã
òàêèì îáðàçîì + ïîâòîðÿÿ
(äî ýòîãî ìîìåíòà!)
the already existing mistakes, óæå ñóùåñòâóþùèå îøèáêè,
ðý îîëðýäè èãçèñòèíã ìèñòýéêñ,
putting them right
ïóòèíã ðýì ðàéò
âíîñÿ èõ ïðÿìî
in updated
èí àïäýéòèä
â ñåãîäíÿøíèå
(= «â îñîâðåìåíåííûå»)
versions,
✜øüíç,
âåðñèè (äîãîâîðîâ),
2+1
2+1
to draw up contracts
ò ó äðîî àï êîíòðæêòñ
ñîñòàâëÿò ü äîãîâîðà (òàê),
2
2
to avoid
ò ó ýâîéä
÷tîáû èçáåãàò ü
future
disputes.
ôúþó÷ý äèñïúþóòñ.
áóäóùèõ ñïîðîâ.
What kind of
Wîò êàéíä îâ
Êàêèå
alterations
to circumstances èçìåíåíèÿ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâ
îîëòýðýéøüíç òó ñœœêýìñòýíñèç
will necessitate
wèë íèñýñèòýéò
ñäåëàþò íåîáõîäèìûì
the drawing of a new agreement?
ðý äðîîèíã îâ ý íúþó ýãðèèìýíò?
1
Is it + possible
Èç èò + ïîñèáë
2
ñîñòàâëåíèå íîâîãî
äîãîâî´ðà?
1
ü + Âîçìîæíî ëè
2
to introduce
a paragraph
ò ó èíòðýäúþóñ ý ïæðýãðààô
ââåñò è ïàðàãðàô,
and paying too little attention
æíä ïýéèíã òóó ëèòë ýòýíøüí
è îáðàùàÿ ñëèøêîì ìàëî
âíèìàíèÿ
to altering conditions.
òó îîëòýðèíã êýíäèøüíç.
íà èçìåíÿþùèåñÿ óñëîâèÿ.
exempting suppliers
èãçýìòèíã ñýïëàéýç
èçáàâëÿþùèé ïîñòàâùèêîâ
It is + generally
Èò èç + äæüåíýðýëè
ü + Âîîáùå,
from local taxes,
ôðîì ëîóêýë òæêñèç,
îò ìåñòíûõ íàëîãîâ,
most
important
ìîóñò èìïîîòýíò
÷ðåçâû÷àéíî âàæíî
social charges,
ñîóøüë ÷ààäæüèç,
îò÷èñëåíèé íà ñîöíóæäû,
1
268
269
import
duties
etc.?
èìïîîò äúþóòèç èòñýòðý?
îò èìïîðòíûõ ïîøëèí
è ò. ä.?
→
2 ñëîâà
Who will bear
Õóó wèë áýý
the brunt of costs
ðýáðàíò îâ êîñòñ
into one paragraph –
èíòó wàí ïæðýãðaaô –
â îäíîì ïàðàãðàôå –
Êòî ïîíåñ¸ò
– that provides
– ðæò ïðýâàéäç
ýòî äà¸ò (= «îáåñïå÷èâàåò»)
îñíîâíîå áðåìÿ ðàñõîäîâ
a good overview.
ý ãóä îóâýâúþó.
õîðîøóþ îáùóþ êàðòèíó.
If possible
Èô ïîñèáë
Åñëè âîçìîæíî, (òî)
Âû äîëæíû ïðåäóñìîòðåòü
1 ñëîâî
caused by force majeure?
â ñëó÷àå ôîðñ-ìàæîðà?
êîîçä áàé ôîîñ ìýéäæüå (ìæäæ¸î)?
It is + always
Èò èç + îîëwýéç
ü + Âñåãäà
you should anticipate
þó øþä æíòèñèïýéò
è ïðåäóïðåäèòü
extremely important
èêñòðèèìëè èìïîîòýíò
÷ðåçâû÷àéíî âàæíî
and prevent
æíä ïðèâýíò
any legal
disputes
ýíè ëèèãë äèñïúþóòñ
ëþáûå þðèäè÷åñêèå ñïîðû
before they arise.
áèôîî ðýé ýðàéç.
ïðåæäå, ÷åì îíè âîçíèêíóò.
And you should remember
Æíä þó øþä ðèìýìáý
È Âû äîëæíû ïîìíèòü,
that in many countries
ðæò èí ìýíè êàíòðèç
÷òî âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ
verbal agreements
✜áë ýãðèèìýíòñ
óñòíûå ñîãëàøåíèÿ
1
2
to state clearly
ò ó ñòýéò êëèýëè
÷¸òêî çàôèêñèðîâàò ü
1
all parties’ → → → → → → → → → → →
îîë ïààòèç’
2
↓
ôèíàíñîâóþ 3
2
3
financial
responsibility.
îòâåòñòâåííîñòü ↓
ôàéíæíøüèýë ðèñïîíñèáèëèòè. âñåõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ. ← ←
For example,
Ôîî èãçààìïë,
Íàïðèìåð,
1
2
1
(Ñîâåò!)
a good idea is to gather
ý ãóä àéäèý èç ò ó ãæðý
õîðîøî ñîáðàò ü
are not
àà íîò
íå ÿâëÿþòñÿ
all pricing policies
îîë ïðàéñèíã ïîëèñèç
âñå öåíîâûå ïîëèòèêè
legally binding.
ëèèãýëè áàéíäèíã.
þðèäè÷åñêè îáÿçûâàþùèìè.
270
271
Àëåêñàíäð Äðàãóíêèí
People
Ïèèïë
Ëþäè
have nothing + against
õæâ íàθ èíã + ýãýéíñò
íè÷åãî íå èìåþò + ïðîòèâ
making such agreements,
ìýéêèíã ñàò÷ ýãðèèìýíòñ,
çàêëþ÷åíèÿ òàêèõ
ñîãëàøåíèé,
but latER
áàò ëýéòÝ
íî ïîçæÅ,
when a dispute arises
wýí ý äèñïúþóò ýðàéçèç
êîãäà âîçíèêàåò ñïîð,
or one of the parties
îî wàí îâ ðýïààòèç
èëè îäíà èç «Ñòîðîí»
1
2
1
2
wishes to uphold
wèøüèç ò ó àïõîóëä
(çà-)õî÷åò ïîäòâåðäèò ü
its rights,
èòñ ðàéòñ,
ñâîè ïðàâà,
Ãð à ì ì àò è ÷ å ñ êà ÿ
àíãëî-ðóññêàÿ
ÕÐÅÑÒÎÌÀÒÈßÑÀÌÎÓ×ÈÒÅËÜ
the lack of a written agreement îòñóòñòâèå ïèñüìåííîãî
ñîãëàøåíèÿ
ðýëæê îâ ý ðèòí ýãðèèìýíò
can cause
êæí êîîç
ìîæåò äîñòàâèòü
trouble and losses.
òðàáë æíä ëîñèç.
õëîïîòû è ïîòåðè.
Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã
«ÓÌÍÀß ÏËÀÍÅÒÀ»
2009
272