PHILOSPHIES
Perennialism
( TEACHER
CENTERED
PHILOSOPHY)
Proponent:
Robert Hutchins
Progressivism
(STUDENT
CENTERED
PHILOSPHY)
Proponent:
John Dewey
Essentialism
(Teacher Centered
Philosophy)
Proponent:
William Bagley
Existensialism
(STUDENT
CENTERED
PHILOSOPHY)
Proponent:
Jean Paul Sarte
METHOD OF
TEACHING
Oral exposition
Lecture
Explication
DEFINITION
Rooted from realism.
A teacher-centered
philosophy which believes in
student acquisition of
knowledge as timeless and
enduring across civilizations
and cultures
VIEW in EDUCATION
Education is a belief that
schools should teach ideas
that are everlasting.
AIM/S IN EDUCATION
To develop a rational person and
uncover the universal truth
through a careful training of the
intellect
CURRICULUM
Emphasizes language,
mathematics,arts and
science.
Use of great
books/classics
A protest against
perennialism.
Focuses on the child as the
learner rather than on the
subject.
Education should focus on the
whole child rather than on the
content or the teacher.
To promote a social democratic
living
Interdisciplinary in
nature.
Involves the application
of human problems and
affairs.
Reflective Inquiry
Method
Problem Solving
Method
Project Method
Guides the students in
problem solving.
Leader of group activities.
Involves the students in
planning activities.
A reaction towards
progressivism.
Rooted from idealism and
realism.
Emphasizes teacher’s
authority in the classroom.
Subject matter should be the
center of the curriculum
We are what we choose to
be.
Students create their own
definition and in doing so
they create their own
essence.
Education was not supposed
to change the society but to
preserve it.
To develop the intellectual growth
of the invidual
Stresses the core
knowledge of reading,
writing, math, science,
foreign language and
technology.
Lecturing
Memorization
Repitition
Practice and
Assessment.
Master of the subject
Holds control over the
classroom with minimal
student in put.
Education is a process of
developing one’s
consciousness with the
freedom to choose and
knowing the meaning of
responsibility of one’s choice.
To help the students understand
and appreciate themselves as
individuals who completely accept
the responsibility of their own
actions, thoughts and feelings.
Dialogue
Small Group
Discussion
Helps students find their
own essence
Education was a means of
preparing the people in
creating new social order.
Strengthen the control of the
schools for and by the goal
seeking interest of the
overwhelming majority of
mankind.
Self-paced.
Self-directed
Students were given a
wide options to choose
from.
Fine Arts
Drama
Literature
Focused on
students’experiences.
Taking social action in
solving real problems.
Dialogue
Inquiry
Community Based
Learning
Should measure the
students up to their social
responsibilities
Reconstructionalism Emphasizes the addressing
of social questions. A quest
Proponent:
of creating a better society
Theodore Brameld
and worldwide democracy
ROLE OF THE TEACHER
Master of the
subject/discipline
Authority whose
knowledge is
unquestionable.
Guides discussion.
PHILOSPHIES
REALISM
Proponent:
John Locke
Naturalism
(Child Centered
Philosophy)
VIEW OF EDUCATION
Education should be
concerned with the
actualization of life.
AIM/S IN EDUCATION
A happy and integrated life.
CURRICULUM
Science and vocational
subjects are in
predominant position
followed by arts,
literature and language.
Gives the central position to
the child.
Gives maximum freedom to
children.
Education is the natural
development of the student’s
power and abilities.
Self Expression
Self Preservation
Redirection of Human Instincts
Struggle for Existence
Education according to Nature
Perfect Development of
Individuality
Literary and aesthethic
culture.
Study of past
experiences.
Inductive Method
Observer
Stage Setter
Emphasizes mental or
spiritual aspect of the
universe.
Education is something which
leads one to the highest moral
conduct and deepest spiritual
insight.
Exaltation in Human Personality
Universal Education
Enrichment of cultural
environment
Cultivation of moral values
Religious studies
Spiritual Studies
Literature
History
Fine Arts
Questioning
Discussion
Imitation
Lecture Method
Role Model
Midway between idealism
and naturalism.
Emphasizes the practicality
of life.
Education is based upon a
close relationship between
theory and practice of
education.
Harmonious development of
individual
Continuous reconstruction of
experiences.
Social efficiency.
Personal and social adjustment
should consist of such
Child activities
varieties of learning
Integration and
experiences which
experimentation
promote original
thinking and freedom to
develop social and
purposeful attitudes.
Pragmatic curriculum
deals with the
integration of subjects
and activities.
Proponent:
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
Idealism
Proponent:
Friedrich Froebel
Pragmatism
Proponent:
John Dewey
METHOD OF
TEACHING
Should change
according to the
requirement of the
child.
DEFINITION
Prepares the children for the
concrete duties of the actual
life.
ROLE OF THE TEACHER
Facilitator/Guide