EFFECTIVE PRACTICES IN THE MANANGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINNABILITY IN BRGY. DUGSANGON
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Solid waste management is a universal issue that affects every
individual worldwide. Shockingly, international research reveals
that over 90% of waste is openly dumped or burned in low-income
countries,
disproportionately
impacting
the
poor
and
most
vulnerable communities (World Bank, 2018). This alarming situation
underscores
the
urgent
need
for
effective
waste
management
practices to protect public health and the environment.
Recognizing
the
significance
of
waste
management,
the
Philippines has taken steps to improve its solid waste management
system
through
the
enactment
of
RA
9003,
also
known
as
the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. This law establishes a
comprehensive and ecological waste management program aimed at
safeguarding public health and the environment (Republic Act No.
9003,
2000).
The
National
Solid
Waste
Management
Commission,
supported by the National Ecology Center, plays a crucial role in
implementing solid waste management plans and promoting ecological
waste management practices across local government units.
In
the
initiatives
municipality
often
go
of
Bacuag,
unnoticed,
the
local
particularly
at
government's
the
barangay
level, which represents the smallest unit of government. In order
to effectively disseminate and sustain key programs at the barangay
and purok levels, the municipal government launched the Modelong
Barangay Program. This program aims to recognize and commend
barangays that actively support various municipal initiatives,
2
including
cleanliness
promotion,
health
and
and
beautification,
wellness,
disaster
organic
risk
farming
reduction
and
management (DRRM), and solid waste management. By fostering a
culture of excellence, the program not only encourages barangay
and purok leaders to excel in their responsibilities but also
creates an environment conducive to overall development.
Given the success and recognition of the Modelong Barangay
Program, it is crucial to delve into the solid waste management
practices
of
Barangay
Dugsangon
in
Bacuag.
By
conducting
a
qualitative study, we can gain insights into the strategies,
policies, and initiatives employed by this exemplary community.
Understanding the factors that have contributed to their success
will provide valuable lessons and guidance for other barangays and
local
government
units
seeking
to
improve
their
own
waste
management systems.
Solid waste management is a pressing issue globally, and the
Philippines has made significant efforts to address this challenge
through legislation and programs. The Modelong Barangay Program in
Bacuag,
particularly
in
Barangay
Dugsangon,
has
showcased
exemplary practices in waste management and other key areas. This
study aims to know the best practices implemented in Barangay
Dugsangon, providing insights that can support the development and
enhancement
of
solid
waste
management
systems
in
other
communities.
3
Conceptual Framework
Solid waste management has numerous benefits, including
economic, environmental, and social benefits. Properly managed
solid waste can provide industries with raw materials and create
employment
opportunities
for
individuals
involved
in
the
management process (Benjamin,2023).
Effective practices in
the management of solid
waste for environmental
sustainability in
Barangay Dugsangon.
Level
of
management
following:






solid
along
waste
the
Disposal;
Recovery;
Recycling;
Reuse;
Reduction; and
Prevention?
Figure 1: Research paradigm on Best Practices of Barangay
Dugsangon residents on solid waste management
4
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to identify and examine the best practices in
solid
waste
management
implemented
by
Barangay
Dugsangon
residents.
Specifically,
it
seeks
to
address
the
following
research
questions:
1.
What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of?
1.1 gender;
1.2 age; and
1.3 educational attainment?
2. What is the level of practices of solid waste management on
the following:
2.1. Disposal?;
2.2. Recovery?;
2.3. Recycling ?;
2.4. Reuse ?;
2.5. Reduction ?; and
2.6. Prevention?
3. Are there significant correlations between demographic factors
(such as age, gender, and education level) and the effectiveness
of solid waste management practices in Brgy. Dugsangon?
4. Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of
residents and the barangay officials in managing solid waste in
barangay Dugsangon along the identified domains?
5
Significance of the Study
This
study
opportunities
building
a
is
and
designed
foster
waste-free
to
a
provide
the
participative
community
through
following
sector
implementation
compost
in
of
Barangay
Dugsangon, Bacuag, Surigao del Norte:
Residents of Barangay Dugsangon:
This study will help improve the community, specifically the
residents of Barangay Dugsangon, by implementing effective solid
waste management practices and promoting cleanliness. The findings
will provide residents with valuable knowledge and guidelines for
proper waste disposal and maintaining a clean environment.
Municipality of Bacuag:
The study will help promote solid waste management not only
in Barangay Dugsangon but also in other barangays within the
municipality of Bacuag. By identifying and highlighting the best
practices in Barangay Dugsangon, this study contributes to the
municipality's goal of recognizing Modelong Barangays that serve
as examples of effective waste management.
Barangay Captain and Officials:
This study will help to provide valuable insights to the
Barangay Captain and officials, emphasizing the importance of
proper waste segregation in the community. The findings will serve
as a basis for formulating action plans and implementing measures
to enhance waste management practices in Barangay Dugsangon.
Future Researchers:
This study will serve as a foundation for future research
endeavors focusing on the best practices of waste disposal and
6
cleanliness maintenance. Future researchers can build upon this
study's findings to further investigate and improve solid waste
management strategies in similar communities.
Scope and Limitations
The scope of this study is limited to Barangay Dugsangon,
specifically
investigate
focusing
the
on
its
implementation
residents.
of
proper
The
study
waste
aims
disposal
to
and
cleanliness practices within the barangay. The primary respondents
include the Barangay officials, and residents. However, it is
important to acknowledge the limitations, such as the findings not
being generalizable to other barangays or communities. The study
relies on self-reported data, which may introduce biases, and the
sample size may be constrained. Nonetheless, the study aims to
provide
valuable
insights
into
effective
waste
management
strategies within Barangay Dugsangon and serve as a foundation for
further enhancements in waste management practices at the barangay
level.
Definition of Terms
This part presents the words commonly use in the research
with its definition given both conceptually and operationally these
terms are:
Solid Waste Management: The term refers to the systematic and
comprehensive management of solid waste, including its collection,
transportation,
disposal,
and
recycling.
It
involves
various
practices and strategies aimed at minimizing the environmental
impact of waste and promoting sustainable waste management.
7
Barangay
-
In
the
Philippines,
a
barangay
is
the
smallest
administrative division, typically comprising a community or a
group of communities. It is governed by a Barangay Captain and
officials who oversee local affairs and implement programs and
services for the residents.
Modelong Barangay - Modelong Barangay refers to a recognition or
designation given to a barangay that exhibits exemplary practices
in various aspects, such as governance, community development, and
specific programs like solid waste management. A Modelong Barangay
serves as a role model for other barangays to emulate and learn
from its successful initiatives.
Waste Disposal - Waste disposal refers to the final stage of solid
waste management, involving the proper and responsible disposal of
waste
materials.
It
includes
methods
such
as
landfilling,
incineration, composting, or recycling, depending on the type and
nature of the waste.
Cleanliness - Cleanliness refers to the state of being clean, free
from dirt, pollutants, or any unwanted substances. In the context
of this study, cleanliness pertains to the maintenance of a clean
and
hygienic
environment,
particularly
within
the
Barangay
Dugsangon community.
Proper Waste Disposal - Proper waste disposal refers to the correct
and appropriate methods and practices used to dispose of waste
materials. It involves adhering to waste segregation, following
local regulations and guidelines, and utilizing designated waste
disposal facilities or processes to minimize environmental and
health risks.
8
Residents - The term residents refer to the individuals who live in
a specific community or locality, in this case, the residents of
Barangay
Dugsangon.
participants
in
They
the
are
the
implementation
primary
of
waste
stakeholders
and
management
and
cleanliness practices within the barangay.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Solid waste management refers to the strategic approach to
sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and
all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting,
treatment, recovery, and disposal in an integrated manner, with an
emphasis
on
maximizing
resource
Nkwocha,& Nwabudike, 2020).
use
efficiency
(Iheukwumere,
Waste management in all ramifications
is simply a planned system aimed at effectively controlling the
production, storage, collection, transportation, processing, and
disposal of waste (Igbinomwanhia, 2011). The identified methods of
solid
waste
management
are
incineration,
recycling
of
waste,
landfill, source reduction, composting, and avoidance and source
reduction methods (Ukala, Ifeanyi,& Owamah, 2020).
To achieve effective solid waste management, there is a need
to complete decentralization in solid waste management, determine
the priority order in controlling and limiting the sources of solid
wastes, complete incentive mechanisms and policies, encourage
activities to reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste, strengthen
inspection, examination and handling of violations in solid waste
9
management, and promote socialization in solid waste management
(Tran
&
Pushkareva,
2020).
Moreover,
the
most
sustainable
management of solid waste is to inculcate and develop the culture
of Reuse, Reduce and Recycle among the citizens without which solid
waste management will be a losing battle (Pongen,2022).
Solid waste management consists of various types of waste
like industrial, agricultural, transport, radioactive, municipal,
etc(Pratapwar & Khan, 2020). The solid waste management system
helps to increase people's awareness of the importance of sorting
waste
at
the
source
(Boonyaroj,
Unprasit,&
Saiuparad,
2017).
Further, solid waste management has an integrated varied series of
activities such as reduction, reprocessing, isolation, alteration,
treatment, and discarding (“Awareness of Solid Waste Management
and its Health Issues”, 2019). It is also essential to cater to
the knowledge and awareness of sustainable solid waste management
to all sections of people (Radwan, 2023).
Solid waste management is a crucial aspect of environmental
sustainability. It involves the strategic approach to sustainable
management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects,
covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment,
recovery, and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis
on
maximizing
resource
use
efficiency.
Effective
solid
waste
management requires the completion of decentralization in solid
waste management, determining the priority order in controlling
and limiting the sources of solid wastes, completing incentive
mechanisms and policies, encouraging activities to reduce, reuse
and recycle solid waste, strengthening inspection, examination and
handling of violations in solid waste management, and promoting
socialization in solid waste management.
10
BEST PRACTICES
Solid
waste
management
is
a
global
issue
that
requires
effective and sustainable solutions. Best practices for solid
waste management have been implemented in various countries. For
instance, in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, traditional solid waste
management
practices
were
found
to
be
inefficient
and
unsustainable due to rapid urban growth and increasing rates of
solid waste production (Shamshiry et. al, 2011). In Jabi-District,
Abuja, integrated solid waste management (ISWM) was recommended as
a palliative to existing waste management challenges, and possible
solutions and recommendations were proffered in accordance with
global best practices (Maton, Kigun, & Ogalla, 2016). In Ethiopia,
most
solid
waste
management
practices
were
significantly
associated with gender, age, and monthly income level of sociodemographic
characteristics
(Teshome,
2021.In
India,
a
comprehensive review of literature of solid waste management and
best
practices
adopted
in
various
countries
was
presented
(Aggrawal & Wadhwa, 2018).
In Nepal, the importance of implementing ISWM and circular
economy
principles
for
effective
solid
waste
management
was
emphasized (Subedi,2023). In Nigeria, the domestic solid waste
management strategies in place were burning, open dumping, and
burying, with open dumping being the most common domestic solid
waste management strategy practiced (Folorunsho, 2016). In Solwezi
District,
Zambia,
residents'
attitudes
towards
sustainable
management of solid waste and community engagement in decisions
related to solid waste management by the local authority were found
to be token at best (Mutobe, Mubanga, & Nchito, 2022. In Hoi An
City, Vietnam, solid waste management practices were evasively
11
implemented by stakeholders with low rates and efficiency (Phu et
al,2019.
Solid waste management is a crucial issue in the Philippines
due to the increasing amount of waste generated and the lack of
proper disposal facilities (Molina & Catan, 2021).To address this
issue, several best practices have been recommended based on
research
studies.
One
study
recommended
adopting
solid
waste
management policies and practices from selected OECD countries to
decrease waste and increase recycling in the Philippines (Ella et
al,2022). Another study emphasized the importance of community
participation
and
compliance
with
the
integrated
solid
waste
management plan based on the 3R's (reduce, reuse, and recycle)
(Camarillo & Bellotindos, 2021). The involvement of the informal
waste sector in different spheres of local waste management, such
as
collection,
recycling,
and
disposal,
was
also
recommended
(Serrona, 2014).
In addition, other studies focused on specific sectors, such
as food service establishments Acanto (2016)and schools Macusi
(2019), to improve their solid waste management practices. The
COVID-19 pandemic also highlighted the need for comprehensive and
effective
waste
management
policies
(Apostol
et
al.,
2022).
Finally, the Philippine Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000
required local government units to establish a Local Government
Solid Waste Management Plan (Matunog & Awa, 2013). These best
practices
can
help
improve
solid
waste
management
in
the
Philippines and reduce its negative impact on the environment and
public health.
BENEFITS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
12
Solid
waste
management
has
numerous
benefits,
including
economic, environmental, and social benefits. Properly managed
solid waste can provide industries with raw materials and create
employment
opportunities
for
individuals
involved
in
the
management process (Benjamin,2023). Economic analysis plays a
crucial role in the proper and efficient management of solid waste,
leading to significant developments in the field of environmental
economics,
shaping
policies
for
environmental
protection
and
sustainable development (Begum & Ehsan,2020). Efficient management
of municipal solid waste can be achieved through adherence to
municipal bylaws, enforcement of municipal bylaws, and creating
awareness of the potential benefits of proper waste management
(Worku,2020). Public awareness campaigns can increase awareness of
the negative impacts of solid waste management (Bona,2023). Good
solid
waste
management
practices
can
lead
to
better
use
of
construction sites, improvements in their operation and cleaning,
and greater sustainability (Aguiar et al.,2018).
Furthermore, the adoption of proper solid waste management
techniques
can
lead
to
numerous
benefits
(Ukala,
Ifeanyi
&
Owamah,2020). Segregation of waste at source, reuse of recycled
material, use of scientific methods for waste disposal, public
awareness, and public-private partnerships can be suggested for
efficient solid waste management (Rao, 2019). The use of GIS can
help trace the existing condition of solid waste management systems
and derive benefits from employing GIS for waste management (Palit
&
Patra,
2022).
Sanitary
landfills,
biogas
generating
technologies, vermi-composting, incineration, and municipal solid
waste combustion technologies offer good incentives for local
bodies and governments to derive benefits by utilizing waste
(Upadhyay, 2005).
13
CHALLENGES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Solid waste management is a major challenge faced by many
countries around the world. Despite some progress, municipal solid
waste (MSW) still poses pressure on cities and remains one of the
major
challenges
in
environmental
management
(Contreras
et
al.,2009). The challenges of solid waste management include issues
such as the limits of waste hierarchy, integration of sustainable
waste management, public-private cooperation, and linear versus
circular economy (Begum & Ehsan,2020). Other challenges include
the increasing development of urban life, which is one of the
fundamental challenges in urban management of waste disposal (“A
Multi-Objective
Environmental
Optimization
Risks
of
Model
Coastal
of
Health,
Landfills”,
Safety,
2021).
and
Community
consultation and engagement with local experts are necessary to
develop
an
understanding
of
the
particular
waste
management
challenges of a specific area (Yukalang, Clarke & Ross,2018). Zero
waste case studies provide a degree of both sagacity and future
optimism around the challenges of solid waste management in the
world's
cities,
particularly
when
community
involvement
and
responsibility are recognized and enabled in the quest for local
solutions and progress (Hannon &Zaman,2018).
14
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This
chapter
presents
the
research
design,
research
population and sampling procedure, the instruments used, data
gathering procedure, ethical considerations and data analysis
plan.
Research Design
This study will use the descriptive comparative design of
quantitative
research.
The
descriptive
method
of
research
according to Medel (2009) involves the description, recording,
analysis, and interpretation of present nature. It defines the
nature of one
certain phenomenon depending on the levels of
description. It is subjected to answer the ‘whats’ of every
research study. This approach will be utilized to find out what is
the
level
of
solid
waste
management
practices
of
Barangay
Dugsangon.
To address the problems of the study and to achieve its
purpose,
a
descriptive
comparative
research
design
will
be
applied. This design is highly suitable in the study because the
intention is to describe the level of solid waste management
15
practices and to evaluate the comparison of perceptions among
residents and barangay officials. Comparison will made between the
identified residents and barangay officials to determine if the
solid waste management-related practices have varied perceptions.
Research Environment, Population and Sample
For the research on the best practices of Barangay Dugsangon
in solid waste management, the research population would consist
of the residents and key stakeholders involved in waste management
within the barangay. This would include Barangay Captain and
Officials, waste management personnel, community leaders, and
residents actively participating in waste management activities.
In determination of sample size, slovin’s formula can be used the
uncertainty of the population’s behavior was the main reason in
using this sampling equation since it is the best equation for it
(Isip, 2014). The margin of error of 10%. A simple random sampling
technique can be used to select participants who possess relevant
knowledge and experience in solid waste management within Barangay
Dugsangon with a household population of 280.
Equation 1.
𝑛𝑜 =
𝑁
(1 + 𝑁𝑒 2 )
Where: N= Total population
e= margin of error
280
n=(1+(280)(0.102 ))=73 or approximately 75
Hence, the sample size of this study is 75.
Sampling Techniques
16
The Study will be using Simple random sampling for its
accuracy of representation and the equal probability of selection
of samples from large population (Depersio, 2021).
Research Instrument
The research instrument for studying the best practices of
Barangay Dugsangon in solid waste management will primarily employ
quantitative data collection methods. Surveys will be administered
to a representative sample of residents in Barangay Dugsangon,
focusing on their awareness, knowledge, and practices related to
waste
management.
quantitatively
Likert
measure
scale
their
questions
attitudes
and
will
be
used
adherence
to
to
best
practices. Additionally, direct observations will be conducted to
assess the actual implementation of waste management practices,
such as waste collection, segregation, and recycling initiatives,
and the data will be recorded using standardized checklists.
Relevant documents, including waste management plans and reports,
will be analyzed quantitatively to gain insights into the policies,
guidelines, and initiatives implemented by Barangay Dugsangon. By
predominantly
employing
these
quantitative
data
collection
methods, the research instrument aims to provide a numerical
understanding of the best practices and challenges encountered in
solid waste management within Barangay Dugsangon.
Data Gathering Procedure
To gather primary data, questionnaire surveys will distribute
among target respondents who belong to barangay Dugsangon. The
questionnaire employs a 5-point scale. 5 is the highest and 1 is
the lowest. Relevant and direct questions will be formulated by
the researchers to comply with the necessary requirements to
conduct the floating of questionnaires. The questionnaire covers
up only one part and it will be structured into 6 components which
are: disposal, recovery, recycle, reuse, reduce, prevention. Each
17
component had the purpose of collecting information from residents
and barangay officials to achieve usable data that would give an
overview of the current state of understanding on waste management
in barangay Dugsangon and that it was subjected for research
purposes.
Further, the distribution of questionnaires will be conducted
by the researchers themselves. The collected data will be subjected
to statistical analysis to derive meaningful insights and identify
trends. Data validation techniques, such as cross-referencing and
consistency checks, will be employed to enhance accuracy. The
findings will be presented through quantitative summaries, charts,
and graphs in the research report. This approach adheres to a
systematic and rigorous methodology for gathering and analyzing
quantitative data, offering a robust understanding of solid waste
management practices in Barangay Dugsangon."
Ethical Considerations
Ensuring ethical considerations in the research on the best
practices of Barangay Dugsangon in solid waste management is
crucial, even within a quantitative framework. To maintain ethical
standards, specific quantitative measures must be implemented
throughout the research process. Initially, securing informed
consent from all participants remains paramount. Participants
should receive detailed information about the research objectives,
procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and their voluntary
participation or withdrawal should be recorded quantitatively
without
employed
any
to
repercussions.
assess
the
Quantitative
level
of
metrics
privacy
and
will
also
be
confidentiality
maintained, ensuring that participants' identities and personal
information
are
safeguarded
and
not
disclosed
without
their
explicit consent.
18
Respect for the dignity and autonomy of participants will be
quantitatively evaluated, establishing an environment conducive to
open and honest participation while quantitatively valuing their
perspectives and experiences. Additionally, special attention and
quantitative
protective
measures
will
be
implemented
for
vulnerable groups to minimize potential harm or exploitation.
Researchers will use quantitative tools to monitor and manage their
own
biases,
maintaining
objectivity
throughout
the
study.
Adherence to institutional and regulatory guidelines, along with
the quantification of necessary approvals, will be ensured to
comply with ethical standards set by professional bodies. By
addressing
these
ethical
considerations
quantitatively,
researchers can conduct the study on the best practices of Barangay
Dugsangon in solid waste management with integrity, quantitatively
ensuring the protection of participants' rights, privacy, and
well-being.
Statistical Analysis
Mean: To assess the problems of the said research study, it
will be resolved specifically by the mean. According to Kalla
(2009) Statistical mean is a measure of central, which will be
used to quantify the level of solid waste management practices of
barangay Dugsangon.
Inferential Statistics: To address research questions related to
perceptions and effectiveness, inferential statistics such as ttests, ANOVA, and regression analysis may be used to identify
significant relationships and differences.
Furthermore, to determine the best practices of Barangay
Dugsangon residents, by adaptation from the study of (Acena et
al., 2017), the collected feedbacks of the respondents from the
questions about solid waste management practices will be subjected
19
into their corresponding bracket using the following point scale,
range value and descriptive equivalent:
Descriptive
Classification
Statistical Range
equivalent
3.51 – 4.00
High Level
Strength
2.51 – 3.50
Moderate Level
Strength
1.51 – 2.50
Poor Level
Weakness
1.00 – 1.50
Very Poor Level
Weakness
References
(2019). Awareness of Solid Waste Management and its Health
Issues. IJEAT, 1S6(9), 73-77.
https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1014.1291s619
Acanto (2016). SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SELECTED FOOD
SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS IN TALISAY CITY, NEGROS ISLAND REGION,
PHILIPPINES.
IJRET,
04(05),
321-325.
https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0504062
Aggrawal, Wadhwa (2018). Solid Waste Management in India: A Review
and
Road
Rhead.
JICP,
2(1).
https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v1i2.286
Aguiar, Teles, Balduino, Nascimento (2018). Management Plan for
Solid Waste in Construction Sites. IJAERS, 12(5), 274-280.
https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.12.38
Apostol, Acolola, Edillon, Valenzuela (2022). How comprehensive
and effective are waste management policies during the COVID19 pandemic? Perspectives from the Philippines. Front. Public
Health, (10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.958241
Bajet, Arce, Soria, Bermio, Paz, Bajet (2012). Solid Waste
Management Practices in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines.
ijec, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.7718/ijec.v3i1.326
Begum, Ehsan (2020). Economics of Waste Minimization, Recycling,
and
Disposal..
https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.424
Benjamin (2023). Economics and Public Health Implications of Solid
Waste Management in Nigeria: A Review. JEMT, 6(29), 45-49.
https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i61098
20
Bona (2023). Awareness and Compliance of the Students, Faculty,
and, Staff of Kalinga State University on the Solid Waste
Management
Program.
IJELS,
3(8),
062-077.
https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.10
Boonyaroj, Unprasit, Saiuparad (2017). Solid Waste Management
Services in Pathio Subdistrict Municipality, Chumphon
Province.
AMM,
(866),
128-131.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.128
Camarillo, Bellotindos (2021). A Study of Policy Implementation
and Community Participation in the Municipal Solid Waste
Management in the Philippines. App. Envi. Res., 1-26.
https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.43.2.3
Contreras, Aramaki, Hanaki, Connors (2009). Drivers in current and
future municipal solid waste management systems: cases in
Yokohama and Boston. Waste Manag Res, 1(28), 76-93.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09349417
Ella, Lim, Lu, Cabauatan (2022). The Impact of Solid Waste
Management to the Economic Growth in selected OECD Countries
and
Philippines.
JEFAS,
1(4),
297-313.
https://doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.20
Folorunsho (2016). ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES IN TUNGA, CHANCHAGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER
STATE,
NIGERIA.
ASSRJ,
6(3).
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.36.1803
Hannon, Zaman (2018). Exploring the Phenomenon of Zero Waste and
Future
Cities.
Urban
Science,
3(2),
90.
https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030090
Igbinomwanhia (2011). Status of Waste Management..
https://doi.org/10.5772/20439
Iheukwumere, Nkwocha, Nwabudike (2020). Schematic Modelling of
Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Nigeria.
International Journal of Sustainable Energy and
Environmental R, 2(9), 98-109.
https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.13.2020.92.98.109
Macusi, Morales, Abreo, Jimenez (2019). Perception of Solid Waste
Management and Rate of Accumulation in Schools in Mati City,
Mindanao
Island,
Philippines.
JMIC,
2(8).
https://doi.org/10.21463/jmic.2019.08.2.09
Maton, Kigun, Ogalla (2016). Integrated solid waste management: a
palliative to existing waste management challenges in Jabi21
District, Abuja. Ethiop. J. Env Stud & Manag, 6(9), 769-779.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v9i6.9
Matunog, Awa (2013). Solid Waste Generation Rate in Ozamiz City,
Philippines.
JMDS,
1(1).
https://doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v1i1.396
Molina, Catan (2021). Solid Waste Management Awareness and
Practices among Senior High School Students in a State College
in Zamboanga City, Philippines. AQUADEMIA, 1(5), ep21001.
https://doi.org/10.21601/aquademia/9579
Mutobe, Mubanga, Nchito (2022). Residents’ Participation in Solid
Waste Management in Solwezi District, Zambia. JE, 1(2), 1938. https://doi.org/10.47941/je.778
Palit,
Patra
(2022).
Solid
waste
management
in
purulia
municipality,
purulia,
WB.
ijhs,
2198-2208.
https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns3.5981
Phu, Fujiwara, Minh, Van (2019). Solid waste management practice
in a tourism destination – The status and challenges: A case
study in Hoi An City, Vietnam. Waste Manag Res, 11(37), 10771088. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19862042
Pongen (2022). Waste management in Kohima: Issue and Challenges.
rcsas, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.2.7.2022.005
Pratapwar, Khan (2020). Review of Municipal Solid Waste
Processing Technologies-Indian Perspective. IJIES, 8(5),
41. https://doi.org/10.46335/ijies.2020.5.8.5
Radwan (2023). A Systematic Review of Solid Waste Management
(SWM) and Artificial Intelligence approach..
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2575251/v1
Rao* (2019). Municipal Solid Waste Management In Visakhapatnam
City,
India.
IJEAT,
6(8),
3604-3607.
https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f9357.088619
Republic Act No. 9003 (2000). Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000.
Serrona, Yu, Aguinaldo, Florece (2014). Developing a monitoring
and evaluation framework to integrate and formalize the
informal waste and recycling sector: The case of the
Philippine National Framework Plan. Waste Manag Res, 9(32),
882-895. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x14542146
Shamshiry, Nadi, Mokhtar, Komoo, Hashim, Yahaya (2011). Integrated
Models for Solid Waste Management in Tourism Regions:
Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Journal of Environmental and
22
Public
Health,
(2011),
1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/709549
Subedi (2023). Integrated Solid Waste Management for the Circular
Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Nepal. J.
Multidisc.
Res.
Adv.,
1(1),
21-26.
https://doi.org/10.3126/jomra.v1i1.55100
Teshome, Habtu, Molla, Ulsido (2021). Municipal Solid Waste
Management Practice in Yirgalem Town, Sidam Region,
Ethiopia.. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-923133/v1
Tran, Pushkareva (2020). Implementation of the law on solid
waste management in Vietnam today: necessity, problem and
solutions. E3S Web Conf., (164), 11013.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411013
Ukala, Ifeanyi, Owamah (2020). A Review of Solid Waste
Management Practice in Nigeria. NIPES, 3(2), 169.
https://doi.org/10.37933/nipes/2.3.2020.17
Upadhyay, Prasad, Srivastav, Singh (2005). Eco Tools for Urban
Waste Management in India. Journal of Human Ecology, 4(18),
253-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905840
Worku (2020). Predictors Of Efficiency In Municipal Solid Waste
Management In Moses Kotane Municipality In The North-West
Province
Of
South
Africa.
gis,
1(15),
361-382.
https://doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.18704
World Bank (2018). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid
Waste Management to 2050.
Yu, Thriveni, Jang, Whan (2017). Appropriate Technologies for
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bantayan Island,
Philippines. Journal of Energy Engineering, 1(26), 54-61.
https://doi.org/10.5855/energy.2017.26.1.054
Yukalang, Clarke, Ross (2018). Solid Waste Management Solutions
for a Rapidly Urbanizing Area in Thailand: Recommendations
Based
on
Stakeholder
Input.
IJERPH,
7(15),
1302.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071302
‫ احمدی‬,‫ دهقانی‬,‫ میرحسینی‬,‫آرزم‬
2021). A Multi-Objective Optimization
Model of Health, Safety, and Environmental Risks of Coastal
Landfills (A Case Study of the Coastal City of Bandar Abbas).
TBJ. https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v20i3.7471
World Bank. 2004. Regional Guidelines on Integrated Solid Waste
Management. Prepared by an International Consortium of Expert
Consultants.
23
Muoghalu LN, Okoye AC (2010). Solid waste management and economic
growth: a preliminary report of a case study of scavenging
activity in Anambra State. Tropical Built Environment
Journal, 1(1): 73- 82.
Acena, Alcantara, & Bituin. (2017, October 18). THE PRACTICE OF
SOLID
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
IN
CNHS.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/FeljoneRagma/publication/324137136_Solid_Waste_Management_in_Cando
n_National_High_School/links/5ac0997345851584fa746dd6/Solid
-Waste-Management-in-Candon-National-High-School.pdf.
APPENDIX A
Interview Guide
24
EFFECTIVE PRACTICES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Directions: Below are possible practices that barangay adopt in
managing wastes. Rate the extent of practice based on your
perception, using the scale below.
Note:
E:(Excellent) -excellently and consistently practiced
H:(High)
-practiced but not consistent
P:(Poor)
-practiced at times, when instructed only
VP:(Very poor) -not practiced
A. Demographic Profile of the respondent:
Name (Optional): __________________________Age: __________
Gender: __________ Educational Attainment: ____________________
B. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Please rate your experience by selecting the appropriate code for each statement
and check (☑️) the corresponding code. Your honest feedback is important to us.
STATEMENT
E
H
P
VP
2.1. Disposal
1. The barangay follows a certain rule in
disposing of waste.
2. Execution of incineration/combustion (Burning
of wastes) is not practiced by/in the barangay.
3. A garbage collector collects wastes regularly.
4. Organized compost pit is visible in school and
is used for biodegradable wastes only.
5. The barangay implements waste segregation.
2.2. Recovery
1. Do you converts waste/s into useful resources.
(Composting)
2. Using of material recovery facility.
3. The barangay holds activity sessions detailing
with the importance of recovery and what residents
can do.
4. Diverting waste from landfills or disposal
sites.
5. Recovered solid waste is successfully recycled
or repurposed rather than being disposed of in
landfills or waste sites.
25
2.3. Recycle
1.Selling of recycled-content products/materials
2. The barangay instill in each residents the
culture of recycling by encouraging the use of
recycled materials in project making.
3. Suppliers are also encouraged to recycle used
packaging
4. Bottles are re-used in decorating the house
5. Signage of recycled materials are present in
designated bins.
2.4. Reuse
1. The barangay advocates reusing of papers,
bottles, metals, woods and other reusable
materials.
2. Reusing of materials is evident in barangay.
3. Space is provided for reusable materials
4. Papers for reusing and recycling are separated
and identified
5. Uses of rain water in watering plants
2.5. Reduce
1. Use of reusable bags, old cartoons/boxes or
sacks in procuring materials.
2. Old newspapers, bond papers, and other papers
are used for wrapping, protective covering and
other productive uses to minimize the throwing of
crumpled papers into waste bins.
3. Rags and old clothes are used as cleaning
materials instead of just throwing them away.
4. Integration of the “no plastic policy” is
strictly followed. No Styrofoam, plastic straws.
5. Compost yard is used for food waste
2.6. Prevention
1. The barangay implements precautionary measures
to prevent additional wastes.
2. The barangay practices the 3 R’s of waste
management.
3.
Clean
and
Green
Program
is
regularly
implemented in the barangay
4. Barangay officials and residents have the
culture of throwing waste properly to prevent the
pile up of garbage.
5. Barangay officials and residents follow
prescribe schedule in throwing wastes into wastes
storage.
26