PED002: Combative Sports (Taekwondo)
Overview
Physical Education is viewed as one of the most essential subjects in school’s
curriculum. As a matter of fact, the Philippine government have had realized its purpose
and made it as requirement to both public and private schools as stated in Article 14,
Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution. As such, Physical Education plays a vital role in
holistic development of every individual. Through series of physical activities, it will enable
us to show confidence, develop acceptable values and reach our full potential.
Fitness, games and sports are primary topics that are often taught in Physical
Education. These key areas are somewhat valuable to focus into as it allows us to acquire
new skills and develop our talent especially in sports. Through active participation in
worthwhile and fun physical activities, we will be able to appreciate its relevance and
importance to the ever changing demands of our society. Needless to say, Physical
Education equips us in such ways as it enables us to be more prepared in real-life
situations.
Lesson 1: Introduction to Taekwondo
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. explain the nature and historical background of Taekwondo in the Philippines.
2. discuss the importance of active participation in Taekwondo; and
3. appreciate the benefits and tenets of Taekwondo.
Activity 1: “The Guessing Game”
Direction: This is your first activity! Let’s activate your prior knowledge about Combative
Sports. Your task is to guess the origin of each combative sport below. Write your answers
in a piece of paper as answers will be provided during the teleconference/ submission of
requirement.
1. Wushu
2. Taekwondo
3. Karate
4. Arnis
5. Capoeira
6. Fencing
7. Boxing
8. Muay Thai
9. Judo
10. Jujitsu
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Introduction
Combative Sports involves physical contact. It is a term that widely refers to
various types of competitive contact sports such as boxing, wrestling, kickboxing, mixed
martial arts and many more. Combative sports allow the participants to engage in full
contact, following its favorable rules, to score points and win in the competition. However,
the term, as integrated in school’s curriculum, does not necessarily intend the students
have to exhibit their skills and go to full contact. Combative sports, as defined on this
course, is a series of physical activities that enables you to learn basic self defense
techniques and develop discipline. In addition, your physical activity participation in this
course will be likely taught in a recreation form rather than the competitive type. The
primary aim of this course is to help you to be more active in preparation to a self-fulfilling
social activity.
The History: Everything You Need to Know
Taekwondo is one of the most popular sports nowadays. This combative sport was
originated in Korea over 5000 years ago. The term was derived from Korean terms “Tae”
(means kick), “Kwon” (means punch) and “Do” (means way or discipline). Taekwondo
was used to be called in different names. It was known before as “Subak” or Taekkyon”
which was viewed as mean of training the body and mind in ancient kingdom of Koguryo.
Historically speaking, Taekwondo shared common features and ways along with other
martial arts in oriental countries. But during the course of its development, Taekwondo
became more distinguished as it gained more different styles compared to martial arts in
other countries such as Japan and China.
What makes Taekwondo unique?
1. It is physically dynamic with active movements that include a mirage of foot
skills
2. The principle physical movements are in simpatico with that of the mind and
life as a whole
3. It possesses dynamic poses from another perspective.
Cited Source: http://taekwondoworld.com.au/martial-arts/about-taekwondo/
Today, Taekwondo is one of the most reputable combative sports all over the
world. It became an official medal event at 1989 Pan American Games and 2000 Olympic
Games in Sydney, Australia. Compared to other combative sports, Taekwondo has one
of the most systematic, educational and scientific approaches. This the reason why the
sport is offered to schools, colleges and universities worldwide. Taekwondo values the
unison of body, mind and life. As such, it teaches one to make his mind peaceful while
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synchronize to accurate movements. The principle of physical movements, mind training
and life go along together and viewed as one.
FUN FACTS
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Choi Hong Hi was the first one who
advocated to use the word Taekwondo
as martial art. The new name was a slow
to catch among many leaders in martial
arts schools.
In 1952, the President of South Korea
named Syngman Rhee encourage
schools of martial arts to merge the
various style of martial arts,
The Korea Taekwondo Association
was established in 1959 to unify Korean
martial arts.
Choi Hong Hi broke with Korea
Taekwondo Association (KTA) in 1966
to establish his own Taekwondo
organization. It was called International
Taekwondo federation (ITF.)
Taekwondo was introduced to the
United States after World War II
The South Korea’s Ministry of Culture,
Sports and tourism established a
national academy for Taekwondo called
Kukkiwon in 1973.
KTA and Kukkiwon worked together and
establish
World
Taekwondo
Federation (WTF) in 1973. The said
organization
aimed
to
promote
Taekwondo as an international sport.
In 1980, WTF was recognized as
international sport federation and
became an International Olympic
Committee.
Taekwondo became a demonstration
event in 1988 Olympics held in Seoul,
South Korea.
In 2017, WTF was renamed to World
Taekwondo (WT)
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Taekwondo in the Philippines
Taekwondo was brought and introduced in the
Philippines through great efforts of Kim Bok Man and
Young Man Park. Young Man founded the Philippine
Taekwondo Association – a national governing
body of Taekwondo. Kim Bok Man continued
promoting Taekwondo in the country, succeeding
Park’s legacy, upon the invitation of late President
Ferdinand Marcos in 1970. Kim Bok Man left the
country in 1971 and pursued propagating the sport
worldwide.
Since 1971 to this date, the Philippine
Taekwondo Association is governed by Grandmaster Sun Chong Hong and PTA
President, Robert Aventajado. The PTA is currently member of Kukkiwon, World
Taekwondo Federation, Philippine Sports Commission, Philippine Olympic Committee
and Asian Taekwondo Union. Its head office and main Dojang (gym) is located at Rizal
Memorial Sports Complex.
Grand Master Sun Chong Hong is still active mentoring and promoting Taekwondo
in our country. This is why he is considered to be called the “Father of Taekwondo in the
Philippines”.
DO YOU KNOW?
 Monsour del Rosario is the ASEAN Taekwondo
President which leads, as the Philippine Taekwondo
Team brazes up for the 30th SEAGames
 Ranked 1 in the Philippines from 1982–1989, Ranked 1
in Southeast Asia in 1989 (Gold Medalist 15th SEA
Games
 Ranked 1 in Southeast Asia Lightweight Division in 1987
(Gold Medalist 14th SEA Games) Ranked 2nd Best in
Asia in 1986(Silver Medalist in the 1986 10th Asian
Games, Seoul, Korea) Ranked 3rd Best In the World in
1985 (Bronze Medalist in the 1985 7th World TKD
Championships in Seoul, Korea) 4th Dan Black Belt in
Taekwondo (Lightweight Division) Quarter finalist at the
1988 Seoul Olympic Games.
 Monsour del Rosario is the ASEAN Taekwondo
President which leads, as the Philippine Taekwondo
Team brazes up for the 30th SEAGames.
Source cited: https://medium.com/@urduja2000/thetaekwondo-team-in-the-30th-sea-games-its-history-and-thepioneers-in-the-philippines-97a2841d5f16
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Benefits of Taekwondo
Taekwondo is for people all of all ages. Our active participation to martial arts,
particularly in Taekwondo, will benefit us in many ways. Its benefits enable us to develop
fitness and improve balance, flexibility, posture, strength and posture. Other benefits also
include:
1. Builds positive self-esteem
2. Elevates focus and concentration
3. Instills discipline
4. Helps you to set fitness goals
5. Improves muscle tone and appearance
6. Relieves stress
7. Enhances agility and reflexes
8. Develops leadership skills
9. Teaches respect to fellow peers
10. Self-defense
What are the 5 Tenets of Taekwondo?
Tenets refer to principles, beliefs or doctrines that are viewed to be true. The WTF,
as well as the PTA, holds the following tenets which shall serve as guide for students who
are practicing the art. These tenets are key foundations to attain good sportsmanship:
1. Courtesy - students shall to demonstrate proper etiquette at all times. As such,
one has to be polite and respectful among others and must behave in civil fashion.
2. Integrity – students must demonstrate good character by showing honesty,
prudence and decency. Students must identify and define what is right and wrong.
3. Perseverance – students must show passion and determination despite of the
challenges and difficulties along the course of action. One must not be easily
discouraged and has to develop resistance to achieve his goals. As the saying
goes, “Patience leads to virtue or merit”.
4. Self- Control –students must be able to learn how to control their emotions,
impulses and exercise control inside or outside their Taekwondo gyms. As such,
one must not use his learned skills to hurt others on purpose.
5. Indomitable Spirit – students must exhibit liveliness, energy, confidence and
courage to overcome fear and failure.
Dojang Etiquette: What to Do When You’re in the Taekwondo Gym?
When you’re in a Taekwondo class, everybody is expected to demonstrate an
acceptable and desirable behavior to go along with others. This dojang etiquette is not
rare to any kinds of martial arts. As such, everyone has to behave well and learn how to
respect others, regardless of their rank belts, to be a better individual. As what other
martial artists believe, the dojang (gym) is a place where one prefects himself physically
and mentally. Thus, it should be treated with love and respect.
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What to Remember?
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Bow when entering and leaving the Dojang.
Honor and respect your instructor by bowing when seeing them for the first time and
when leaving as well as when you require their assistance and help. Not bowing to your
instructor is the ultimate sign of disrespect as they are the person where all of your
martial art knowledge comes from.
Never be late for training always arrive early and warm up ready for the start of the
lesson. If however circumstances arise where the lesson has already started, students
must get ready to start training and stand at the back of the Dojang until the instructor’s
permission is given to join the class.
Students, irrespective of age, must never leave the Dojang floor without the permission
of the instructor.
Never interrupt your instructor and listen carefully to their advice. To show your respect
always bow whenever they have helped you individually or as a class.
When going to study with other instructors always ask permission out of courtesy for
your instructor.
If there are ever a number of high grades in attendance bow to them in order of highest
grade as to not embarrass your instructor. If you are unsure always bow to your
instructor first until introductions can be made.
No food, drink or chewing gum is allowed on the Dojang floor.
No jewelry (including earrings, rings and necklaces) is allowed whilst training. In the rare
case of a ring that will not come off students need to make sure it is covered with a
plaster or similar.
The Taekwondo Dobok must always be clean and worn correctly with your belt.
Students must also ensure they have clean hands and feet for training.
Always inform the instructor BEFORE the lesson if you are going to be absent from
either a lesson or an event.
Treat your fellow students as brother/sister and respect at all times your instructor and
fellow students regardless of age and sex.
Always keep the Dojang clean and tidy; never just leave it to the instructor.
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Source: http://www.taekwondo-training.com/taekwondo-training/dojang-etiquette
Summary
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Taekwondo was derived from Korean terms “Tae” (means kick), “Kwon” (means
punch) and “Do” (means way or discipline). Simply defines as the art of punching
and kicking.
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Taekwondo has one of the most systematic, educational and scientific
approaches. This the reason why the sport is offered to schools, colleges and
universities worldwide. Taekwondo values the unison of body, mind and life. As
such, it teaches one to make his mind peaceful while synchronize to accurate
movements.
Choi Hong Hi was the first one who advocated to use the word Taekwondo as
martial art.
The Korea Taekwondo Association was established in 1959 to unify Korean
martial arts. However, Choi Hong Hi broke with Korea Taekwondo Association
(KTA) in 1966 to establish his own Taekwondo organization called International
taekwondo federation.
Taekwondo became a demonstration event in 1988 Olympics held in Seoul, South
Korea. In 2000, it became official sport in Olympic Games which was held Sydney,
Australia.
Taekwondo was brought and introduced in the Philippines through great efforts of
Kim Bok Man and Young Man Park. Young Man founded the Philippine
Taekwondo Association – a national governing body of Taekwondo
Grand Master Sun Chong Hong is the Father of Taekwondo in the Philippines.
Robert Aventajado is the current President of Philippine Taekwondo Association.
Taekwondo is for people all of all ages. Our active participation to martial arts,
particularly in Taekwondo, will benefit us in many ways. Its benefits enable us to
develop fitness and improve balance, flexibility, posture, strength and posture.
Tenets refer to principles, beliefs or doctrines that are viewed to be true. The WTF,
as well as the PTA, holds the following tenets which shall serve as guide for
students who are practicing the art: 1) Courtesy; 2) Integrity; 3) Perseverance;
4) Self- Control; and 5) Indomitable Spirit.
Activity 2: Short Answer Test
Direction: Answer the following questions below. Students under Categories 1 and 2
must type in their answers and post it in our official FB group page PED002 ____.
Students under Category 3 must write their answers on a whole sheet of paper and must
place it in a long brown envelope upon its submission. Please do not forget to write your
name, section and contact number when you submit it to your instructor
1. What makes Taekwondo different from other Combative Sports? Explain its unique
features.
2. Why is it important to learn its historical background? Does it have something to
do with Taekwondo today?
3. What do you think are other benefits that one can get from his participation in sport
in terms of:
 mental;
 emotional;
 social;
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 spiritual; and
 physical?
4. Which among the tenets of Taekwondo is most important? How will you apply such
in real life situation?
Activity 3: K-W-L Chart
Direction: Answer the K-W-L Chart given below. List at least 5 things that you know, what
you want to know and what you learned about TAEKWONDO.
Students under Categories 1 and 2: You are asked to encode your answers in MS
Word. Kindly upload your file on our FB page
Students under Category 3: Copy and answer the KWL Chart on a piece of bond paper.
Make sure to place your paper in a long brown envelope upon your submission.
Deadline of submission of the said activity will be announced by your instructor.
What I KNOW
About TAEKWONDO
What I WANT to KNOW
About TAEKWONDO
WHAT I LEARNED
About TAEKWONDO
References
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/combative-sports
https://www.encyclopedia.com/sports/sports-fitness-recreation-and-leisuremagazines/taekwondo
http://taekwondoworld.com.au/martial-arts/about-taekwondo/
https://www.nbtkda.com/about-tkd
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http://williamstkd.com/about-tae-kwon-do/
https://rockytopsportsworld.com/blog/fun-facts-about-history-of-taekwondo/
http://www.michalkosatko.com/general-choi-hong-hi/
http://www.logo-designer.co/world-taekwondo-reveal-new-brand-and-logo-design/
https://realanimetraining.tumblr.com/post/116628217544/olympic88-seoul-1988taekwondo-mens
http://allaboutkd.blogspot.com/2014/02/origin-of-philippine-taekwondo.html
https://medium.com/@urduja2000/the-taekwondo-team-in-the-30th-sea-games-itshistory-and-the-pioneers-in-the-philippines-97a2841d5f16
http://healthiswealth-amazingproduct.blogspot.com/2010/06/manuel-monsour-delrosario-iii-tae-kwon.html
https://www.britishtaekwondo.org.uk/about-taekwondo/health-benefits/
https://www.leesacademytkd.com/values-benefits/
http://www.uvm.edu/~tkd/docs/tkd_tenets.pdf
http://www.edmontontaekwondo.ca/taekwondo-news/5-tenets-of-taekwondo/
http://www.taekwondo-training.com/taekwondo-training/dojang-etiquette
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Lesson 2: Taekwondo as a Sport
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to;
1. familiarize the Korean terms used in Taekwondo;
2. identify and explain the uses of facilities and equipment in Taekwondo; and
3. discuss the nature and rules and regulations of Kyorugi (sparring), Poomsae
(form), Kyukpa (breaking) and Hosinsul (self-defense);
Activity 4: Word Association
Direction: What pops in your mind when you hear about “Taekwondo as Sport”?In this
activity, kindly write down your thoughts/words that you can associate to the word.
TAEKWONDO AS
SPORT
Taekwondo, as discussed in previous lesson, became an official sport in Olympic
Games way back in 2000 held in Sydney, Australia. The sport has unique approach and
martial arts style which captivates the interest of many. In the Philippines, Taekwondo is
one of the combative sports that is offered in high school sports curriculum, taught in most
colleges and universities and recognized as official event in “Palarong Pambansa” and
Philippine National Games. Its sound reputation build a lot of attraction as the population
of people participating in sport keeps on growing.
When one decides to join in Taekwondo, he must familiarize the Korean terms
used in the gym, identify the facilities and equipment used in the sport for safety
participation, and understand the nature of Taekwondo as a competitive sport.
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Common Terms that You’ll Often Hear in Taekwondo
Practitioners, enthusiasts and athletes are familiarized with the Korean terms used
in Taekwondo. These terms are usually heard during practice session and in actual
competition.
Taekwondo Words and Command
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Attention – Charyut
Begin – Sijak
Belt – Ti
Block – Makgi
Bow – Kyungnet
Breaking –, Kyuk- pa
Continue – Kaesok
Dodge or Evade – Pihagi
Forms – Poomse or Poomsae
Grab – Japgi
Hello – Anyeong Haseyo
Instructor (Master) – Sabomnim
Kick – Chagi
Ready – Joon Bi
Referee – Joo Sim
Return (i.e. turn & face instructor at the
end of a form) – Baro
School (Taekwondo) – Dojang
Self-Defense – Hosinsool
Sparring – Kyorugi
Stance – Sogi or Seogi
Stop – Kalyeo
Strike – Chigi
Student – Hak Saeng or Jeja
Student (Senior) – Sonbaenim
Thank you – Kamsa Hamnae Da
Uniform – Dobok
Warning (Sparring) – Kyunggo
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Taekwondo Numbers
1. One – Hana
2. Two – Dul
3. Three – Set
4. Four – Net
5. Five – Dasot
6. Six – Yasot
7. Seven – Ilgup
8. Eight – Yodol
9. Nine – Ahop
10. Ten – Yeol
Sparring Event
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Blue – Chung
Red – Hong
Deduction of Point – Gam
Geum
Point – Jeum
Disqualification- Shil Kyuk
Time Out – Shi Gan
Out of Bounds – Keum Bakk
Winner – Seung
Round – Jeon
Bout - Shihap
Facilities and Equipment in Taekwondo
Wearing a prescribed uniform and gear is very important when you participate in
an actual competition or practice. As such, this will allow you to safely participate in the
activity and can help you to effectively play the sport. In addition, the facilities used in
Taekwondo, rubber mats for example, are also used to prevent the athletes and students
from acquiring injuries. Facilities and equipment must be at on their standard level to
maximize and ensure the athletes’ high performance.
1. Rubber Mats – it is considered as one of the most essentials in taekwondo
competition. These are usually thick and durable that offers shock absorption. It
also decreases severity of accident or injury and can also help the athletes and
students from harming themselves. Most taekwondo gyms use 1X1 meter puzzle
mat with 2.5 cm thickness
2. Dobok – it refers to the uniform that is worn by the Taekwondo enthusiasts. The
word “Do” in Korean means “correct way” while “Bok” means “clothing” It is
believed that a student with clean and smart Dobok represents discipline and
instilled sense of pride.
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3. Belt – the belt is usually knot tied around the dobok over the abdomen. The color
of the belt represents the grade of the student. It is also viewed as image and
memory of work, dedication, sweat, tears, pain and sacrifices that one has been
through. Higher belts can be obtained through promotion.
Taekwondo Belt System Colors
Black Belt- 1st to 9th Dan
Brown Belt – 2nd to 1st Grade
Red Belt – 4th to 3rd Grade
Blue Belt – 6th to 5th Grade
Yellow Belt – 8th to 7th Grade
White Belt - Beginners
4. Head Gear – an important
equipment that is necessary to use
in sparring events. The head gear
is made from a dipped foam and is
usually fastened by a chin strap.
The head gear has also good
design for vents for breathing and
hearing. This equipment protects
the head from unwanted injuries
such as scrapes, cuts and
swelling.
5. Mouth Guard- also known as
mouth protectors. This equipment
is worn in mouth to protect oneself
from blow to the face and minimize
certain risks such as broken teeth
and injuries to lips, tongue, face or
jaw. In local competition, the
officials
usually
recommend
athletes to wear the transparent
type of mouth guard to easily
detect the bleeding and give first
aid. International competitions
mandated athletes to use mouth
guard since 2003.
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6.
Hogu – it is a padded torso
protector that is worn by the
players or practitioners during
sparring events. Hogu is a Korean
term for chest protector. It is
usually in red and blue color and
used as basis for scoring.
International
and
national
competitions use electronic hogu,
built in sensors which can detect
fair hits, to facilitate automated
scoring.
7.
Groin Protector – it also
known as groin guard. An
essential equipment worn in a
sparring event, mostly by men, to
protect the groin are.
8.
Shin Guard - it is a piece of
equipment that is worn on the
front of shin that helps to provide
shock absorption and decrease
the risks of unwanted injuries.
9.
Arm Guard – also known
as arm protector. Just like the
shin guard, thiece piece of
equipment is used to protect the
arm area and is usually worn
under the dobok.
10. Kick Pads and Kick
Shields – these refer to pieces of
equipment,
padded
training
tools, which are used for kicking
to improve its power and speed.
These equipment are used in
training sessions or classes.
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Types of Competition in Taekwondo
Competition is an event which would showcase your dedication and hardwork in
your training. However, the idea of competition in Taekwondo is more than that! The
competition aims to continue, develop and integrate fitness, technique, strategy and
positive core values. Taekwondo has different types of competition, can be joined by all
ages, which would test their learned abilities and skills.
1. Kyorugi (Sparring Event) – a type of competition that refers to actual fight
between two players using offensive and defensive acquired skills. This type of
competition has unique scoring system and is played in different weight categories
for juniors and seniors. In the Philippines, before the day of the competition,
competitors undergo in weigh in to check if they are qualified to play on their
respective weight event.
Permitted Areas
Scoring System
Trunk: The blue or One (1) point for a valid punch to
red colored area of the trunk protector.
the trunk protector.
Two (2) points for a valid kick to
Head: The entire the trunk protector.
head above the
bottom line of the Three (3) points for a valid
head protector
turning kick to the trunk
protector.
Three (3) points for a valid kick to
the head.
Four (4) points for a valid turning
kick to the head.
One (1) point awarded for every
single “Gam-jeom” given to the
opponent contestant.
Penalties/ Violations
1. Crossing the Boundary
Line.
2.
Falling
down.
3. Avoiding or delaying the
match.
4. Grabbing or pushing the
opponent.
5. Kicking below the waist.
6. Attacking the opponent
after
“Kal-yeo”.
7. Hitting the opponent’s
head
with
the hand.
8. Butting or attacking with
the
knee.
9. Attacking the fallen
opponent.
10. Not complying with the
referee’s
command
or
decision.
11. Provoking or insulting
the opposing contestant or
coach.
12. Any other severe
misconduct
or
unsportsmanlike
conduct
from a contestant or coach.
Source: https://worldtaekwondo.kSource:g/en/taekwondo-rules/
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Source: Philippine Taekwondo Association
2. Poomsae (Form) – it is type of competition that involves sequential and artistic
patterns of defense and attack motions. Competitors usually perform in front of
judging panels and execute forms (Taegyuk). This competition can be performed
by individual, pair, or team. During the event, the competitors must …
 Wear the prescribed uniform (Dobok)
 Not wear any type of shoe.
 Not wear any jewelry or ornaments
 Not wear a hat or any items that covers the head except for religious
covering
 Not tape to any part of the uniform
 Maintain good personal hygiene (e.g. keep nails cut short and groom their
hair neatly)
Source:https://www.napataekwondo.com/sport-poomsae-rules-of-competition/
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3. Kyukpa (Breaking) – it is a type of competition in which the competitors
demonstrate their skill and power through breaking various objects. Breaking is
considered as one of the most exciting competitions among all as it shows degree
of difficulty, precision, power, speed and creativity. Breaking usually involves
boards and bricks which serve as hitting target of the competitors.
4. Hosinsul (Self-Defense) – this is a type of competition in which the competitors
perform various pre- arranged self-defense techniques. Hosinsul shows various
possibilities of how can someone protect himself from 1 or more attackers around
him. This competition also demonstrates technical and useful techniques
protecting oneself against deadly weapons.
Supplemental Learning
Please refer to the link below to supplement your learning about types of competition
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2019 SEA GAMES Pauline Lopez Sparring Perfromance (Kyorugi)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSVWrsk_cV0
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Team Philippines Grabs Gold Medal in 2019 Sea Games (Poomsae)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLcLjZr_L5U
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
Factorten Martial Arts Breaking Montage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KweIAXooSTU

Basic Self-Defense
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPpIzWUR1SA
Summary
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Taekwondo practitioners, enthusiasts and players are familiarized with the Korean
terms in Taekwondo as it is often used in the respective “dojangs” and competition.
Taekwondo facilities and equipment are necessary in training and actual
competition as it allows the players to safely and effectively participate in the sport.
Standard facilities and equipment promote high performance among athletes.
Taekwondo has four types of competitions: Kyorugi (Sparring), Poomsae (Form),
Kyukpa (Breaking) and Hosinsul (Self-Defense).
Each competition has its unique nature and rules and regulation. However,
Taekwondo competition aims to continue, develop and integrate fitness,
technique, strategy and positive core values.
Activity 5: Read and Recite
Direction: Your task for this activity is to recite the common Korean terms used in
Taekwondo (please include its English translation). You must recite the 20 words that
your instructor has chosen for you below. You also need to choose 10 Korean terms,
based from the reading, and recite them as well. Students under Categories 1 and 2 can
record or take a video of themselves while doing this activity. You may submit it through
Messenger or post it on our FB page. On the other hand, students under Category 3 shall
do this activity through phone call. Please ensure that your instructor has your phone
number so that you can schedule this activity.
1. One – Hana
2. Two – Dul
3. Three – Set
4. Four – Net
5. Five – Dasot
6. Six – Yasot
7. Seven – Ilgup
8. Eight – Yodol
9. Nine – Ahop
10. Ten – Yeol
11. Attention – Charyut
12. Begin – Sijak
13. Hello – Anyeong Haseyo
14. Ready – Joon Bi
15. Stop – Kalyeo
16. Thank you – Kamsa Hamnae Da
17. Uniform – Dobok
18. Blue – Chung
19. Red – Hong
20. Deduction of Point – Gam
Geum
18
21. _____________
22. _____________
23. _____________
24. _____________
25. _____________
26. _____________
27. _____________
28. _____________
29. _____________
30. _____________
Activity 6: Taekwon-THOUGHT!
Direction: Your task is to fill in the blank space provided on each item to complete the
thought of the sentence. Students under categories 1 and 2 must encode their answers
in MS word and send it through Messenger or post it on FB group page. Students under
Category 3, shall write their answers on a piece of paper and shall place it on envelope
upon its submission.
1. Facilities and equipment are necessary because __________________________.
It also __________________________________________________.
2. Rules and regulations allow the competitors to ___________________________.
Without it, _________________________________________.
3. Constant practice and training _______________________________________.
4. Taekwondo competition ____________________________________________.
5. Self defense is _________________________________________________. It
is/can _________________________________________________________.
Activity 7 Watch Out!
Direction: This activity is only for students under Categories 1 and 2. Watch the video on
the link below. Your task is to determine the points/score of kicks and violation performed
by players in Kyorugi.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crX5AG4xTl8 (for numbers 1 to 5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0.32 seconds
1 minute7 seconds
1 minute 4 seconds
1 minute 53 seconds
4 minutes 1 second
- ___________ points
-____________points
- ___________ points
- ____________violation
- ____________points
Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAbm8vRrnMc (for numbers 6 to 10)
6. 0.21 seconds
7. 0:46 seconds
8. 3 mins 2 seconds
9. 4 minutes 7 seconds
10. 4 minutes 58 seconds
- ___________violation
- ___________violation
- ___________points
- ___________ points
- ___________ points
19
Activity 8: What’s Your Score Referee?
Direction: This activity is only for students under Category 3. Read and analyze the
following situation below. Your task is to be a Taekwondo referee and determine the score
of kicks and violation performed by the player.
Situation
1. Player A grabs Player B. Player A
follows up a push and kicks the
opponent’s abdomen. Player A gets
_______.
__________ Points
2. Player A performed spinning kick
hitting opponent’s torso. Person A
gets _______.
__________ Points
3. Player A and his coach talks for
more than a minute after the
referee calls both players to get on
the mat for Round 2.Player 2
commits what type of violation?
4. Player A kicks the Player B’s thighs.
Player A gets ________
5. Player A was moves backward and
fell on his feet.. Player A gets
_______
6. Player B hits Player A with a
straight roundhouse kick (nonturning kick). Player B gets
________
7. Player A attacks Player B after
“Kalyeo” is being called. Player A
gets __________
Points/ Violation
__________ Violation
__________ Violation
__________ Violation
__________ Points
_________Violation
8. Player A commits a violation.
Player B will get ______
__________ Points
9. Player B hits the head of Player A
using a powerful turning kick.
__________ Points
10. Player A punches Player B face.
Player A will get ________
__________ Points
20
References
https://blackbeltwiki.com/taekwondo-terminology
http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm
https://www.floormat.com/three-sports-that-require-rubber-floor-mats/
https://www.greatmats.com/how-thick-should-mats-be-for-taekwondo.php
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Taekwondo-Mat_111366885.html
http://www.taekwondo-training.com/education/taekwondo-dobok
https://shopee.ph/Shift-Kyorugi-Competition-dobuk-i.7142534.1311829931
https://www.dragonsports.eu/en/31278-taekwondo-dobok-competition-aditf02adidas.html
https://www.antipolotaekwondo.com/taekwondo-facts
https://shopee.ph/KIX-TAEKWONDO-BELTS!-i.45809100.3116229654
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Professional-taekwondo-headgear-kickboxinghelmet-for_60772603099.html
https://blog.awma.com/can-you-use-mma-headgear-fortaekwondo/#:~:text=Taekwondo%20headgear%20protects%20against%20cuts,swelling
%20during%20training%20or%20sparring.&text=Taekwondo%20headgear%20is%20ty
pically%20made,for%20better%20ventilation%20and%20hearing.
https://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/m/mouthguards
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3675287/#:~:text=The%20use%20of%2
0mouthguard%20during,a%20mandatory%20rule%20since%202003.&text=In%20additi
on%2C%20only%204%20respondents,boil%20and%20bite%20type%20mouthguard.
https://www.cleanpng.com/png-mouthguard-boxing-sport-taekwondo-karate-3102041/
https://alchetron.com/Hogu
https://medium.com/@elizabethsmit/what-is-a-groin-guard-and-how-do-they-work53a7eb4b4bc1
https://www.ju-sports.de/en/brands/adidas/adidas-taekwondo-groin-guard
https://medium.com/@vortexic/sparring-gear-required-for-taekwondo391e0e94d798#:~:text=Arm%20Protectors,the%20wrist%20or%20the%20elbow.
21
https://blackbeltwiki.com/kickingshield#:~:text=Kicking%20shields%20are%20thickly%20padded,used%20to%20practic
e%20kicking%20power.
https://www.mtshastama.org/taekwondo/competition.cfm#types
http://ashgabat2017.com/taekwondo
https://www.bluedragontkd.net/learn/sparringrules.html
https://worldtaekwondo.kg/en/taekwondo-rules/
https://www.napataekwondo.com/sport-poomsae-rules-of-competition/
https://worldtaekwondo.kg/en/taekwondo-disciplines/
22
Lesson 3: Common Injuries in Taekwondo and First Aid
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to;
1. enumerate and identify the common injuries in Taekwondo;
2. perform basic first aid among these common injuries; and
3. recognize the needs of acquiring basic knowledge in First Aid in response to
emergency situations.
Activity 9: Think and Speak!
Direction: Reflect this question. How do injuries affect the life of an athlete in terms of his
active engagement to recreational activities?
Taekwondo
Performance
Injuries
Daily
Routine
Recreational
Activities
Sport injuries can happen to any athlete at any time. These injuries usually occur
when one engages into athletic activities, exercise or competition. According to Better
Health Channel, “Sports injuries are commonly caused by overuse, direct impact, or the
application of force that is greater than the body part can structurally withstand”. These
injuries may be classified as acute and chronic injury.
Acute injuries generally refer to sudden injuries acquired through traumatic
events. In Taekwondo, for example, players may get acute injury if both players’ shins
clash during sparring practice. Sudden injuries like this may result to sprain, strain and
fractures. On the other hand, chronic injuries are type of injuries that are usually caused
by overuse of muscle groups or joints. This type of injury can likely be result to injuries
23
that were not totally healed and only created muscle imbalances. As such, this muscle
imbalances ended into weakness and tightness of muscles in the body.
Common Injuries in Taekwondo
1. Ankle Sprain – a type of injury that happens when a player rolls, twists or turns
his ankle which results to pain, stiffness and swelling.
2. Muscle Strain – a common type of injury that usually occurs to people who engage
in sports. This injury happens when muscles are overstretched which result to
tearing of muscle fibers. Some symptoms of strain include pan, swelling and
bruising. Taekwondo players and enthusiasts often get strain on their hamstrings
(muscles on back of the thigh) and quadriceps (muscles on front of the thigh).
3. Knee Joint Injury – this type of injury includes knee fractures, dislocation and
tearing of soft tissues. Knee injurie greatly affect the human’s tendons, ligaments
and cartilage. Symptoms of having such may include pain, swelling and stiffness.
4. Concussion – it is considered as a brain injury, usually a mild injury, which affects
brain functions. Concussions usually result to headache, dizziness and loss of
consciousness due to a blow to the head.
5. Nose Injuries – these injuries happen when one is directly hit on his nose which
result to bleeding or broken nose.
6. Bruises- another common type of injury among Taekwondo athletes in which
discoloration of skin becomes visible due to hard blow on specific part of the body.
7. Dental Damage – a type of injury in which one receives a blow to his jaw that can
crack, break or dislodged teeth.
Suggestions on immediate treatment for sprains, strains and joint injuries, to
prevent further damage include:









Rest – keep the injured area supported and avoid using for 48-72 hours.
Ice – apply ice to the injured area for 20 minutes every two hours for the first
48-72 hours.
Compression – apply a firm elastic bandage over the area, extending above
and below the painful site.
Elevation – raise the injured area above the level of the heart at all times.
Referral – as soon as possible, see a doctor.
No Heat – heat will increase bleeding.
No Alcohol – alcohol increases bleeding and swelling.
No Running – running or exercise increases blood flow, delaying healing.
No Massage – massage increases swelling and bleeding, also delaying
healing
Source Cited: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/sports-injuries
24
First Aid for Nose bleeding
Suggestions include:
Stop the activity.
Sit with your head leaning forward.
Pinch your nostrils together and breathe
through your mouth.
Hold your nose for at least 10 minutes.
If bleeding continues past 30 minutes,
seek medical advice.
Source Cited:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health
/HealthyLiving/sports-injuries
First Aid for Dislodged Tooth
It may be possible to save a tooth that
has been knocked out with prompt dental
treatment. Rinse the tooth in water or
milk, and see your dentist immediately
Source Cited:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health
/HealthyLiving/sports-injuries
Injuries may vary depending on its level of severity. When serious injuries happen
in practice or competition, it is best to call for help to give aid and necessary treatment.
Injuries such as prolong loss of consciousness, neck or spine injuries, broken bones, eye
and abdominal injuries should be checked and attended by a licensed physician or nurse.
As much as we would like to extend our help, our limited knowledge and skills in First Aid
may only harm or worsen the injury. We need to remember that our responsibility as basic
life supporter is minimal and shall only end when a more credible first aider offers to help.
On the other hand, some injuries persist for a long time if left unimpeded. Thus,
visiting to a doctor will help to give proper diagnosis of the injury. With proper diagnosis
25
and treatment to injury, it will able to rehabilitate the affected site and able to regain
strength and flexibility. However, the risks of further injury may likely occur if it is not totally
healed. One must understand that one risk factor for a soft tissue injury is the previous
injury. Thus, limited and safe exercises are recommended.
How to Prevent These Injuries?
You can reduce your risk of sports injuries if you:














Warm up thoroughly by gently going through the motions of your sport and
performing slow, sustained stretches.
Wear appropriate footwear.
Tape or strap vulnerable joints, if necessary.
Use the appropriate safety equipment, such as mouth guards, helmets and
pads.
Drink plenty of fluids before, during and after the game.
Try to avoid exercising in the hottest part of the day, between 11 am and 3 pm.
Maintain a good level of overall fitness, particularly in the off season (in the
months between playing seasons for a sport).
Cross-train with other sports to ensure overall fitness and muscle strength.
Ensure training includes appropriate speed and impact work so muscles are
capable of the demands of a game situation.
Don’t exert yourself beyond your level of fitness. Gradually increase intensity
and duration of training.
Use good form and technique.
Cool down after sport with gentle, sustained stretches.
Allow adequate recovery time between sessions.
Have regular medical check-ups
Source Cited: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/sports-injuries
Supplemental Learning
Please refer to the link below to supplement your learning about the lesson:
Practical First Aid for Sprains and Strains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZMD3cfyjVI
How to Give First Aid and Treat Fracture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s4LGZFhIc
First Aid for Knee Injury
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mS-tqxDqkUg
26
Summary





Sports injuries are commonly caused by overuse, direct impact, or the application
of force that is greater than the body part can structurally withstand. These injuries
may be classified as acute and chronic injury
Common injuries in Taekwondo include ankle sprain, muscle strain, knee joint
injury, concussion, nose injuries, bruises and dental damage.
Serious injuries such as prolong loss of consciousness, neck or spine injuries,
broken bones, eye and abdominal injuries should be checked and attended by a
licensed physician or nurse.
Proper diagnosis and treatment to injury is important as it help to rehabilitate the
affected site and able to regain strength and flexibility
Taekwondo athletes, practitioners and enthusiasts must take safety precautions in
participating the sport to reduce or prevent risk of injury.
Activity 10: Questions to Answer
Direction: Answer the following questions below. Students under Categories 1 and 2
shall post their answers on our FB group page. On the other hand, students, under
Category 3 shall write their answers on a piece of paper and place it in long brown paper
upon its submission.
1. Why is First Aid important? Explain and justify your answer.
2. Do you consider yourself as a First Aider? Why did you say so?
3. How do injuries affect one’s Taekwondo performance? Explain.
Activity 11: Act It Out!
Direction: For students under Categories 1 and 2, your task is to select at least 2
common injuries in Taekwondo and make a video presentation explaining the nature of
injury and perform its basic first aid. Please upload your videos on our FB group page.
Students under Category 3 have also options to do this task. You take a series of
pictures/ draw an illustration that shows the steps on how to perform the Basic First Aid.
Kindly paste/ draw it on long bond paper and indicate the 2 common injuries that you
chose.
27
References
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/sports-injuries
https://emedprimarycare.com/2017/12/01/what-are-acuteinjuries/#:~:text=An%20acute%20injury%20is%20generally,a%20fall%20from%20a%20
bike.
https://www.therapeuticassociates.com/health-wellness/injury-prevention/acute-vschronicinjuries/#:~:text=Chronic%20injuries%20can%20be%20the,or%20poor%20lower%20ext
remity%20alignment.
http://fittoplay.org/sports/taekwondo/the-most-common-injuries-in-taekwondo/
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/muscle-strains-in-thethigh/#:~:text=A%20muscle%20strain%20(muscle%20pull,adductor%20muscles%20on
%20the%20inside.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/common-kneeinjuries/#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20knee%20injuries%20include%20fracture
s%20around%20the%20knee,may%20catch%20or%20lock%20up.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc20355594#:~:text=A%20concussion%20is%20a%20traumatic,a%20blow%20to%20the
%20head.
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/bruises-article#1
https://www.profaw.co.uk/wiki/nose-bleeds/
https://www.dentistrywithaheart.com/blog/first-aid-treatments-for-common-oralproblems/
https://www.alsco.co.nz/2019/03/aims-first-aid/
28
Lesson 4: Basic Skills in Taekwondo
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to
1. Enumerate and identify the basic skills in Taekwondo (e.g. stance, punch, block
and kick).
2. Perform the basic skills in Taekwondo accurately.
3. Create safe exercise routine for active participation in Taekwondo.
4. Realize the importance of basic skill acquisition in the sport.
Activity 12: Quotes to Ponder
Direction: Reflect on these quotations below. What do these quotes imply? How will these
help you achieving your goal in this class?
No athlete has ever gotten to reach success in just a blink of an eye. Just like you,
athletes started to learn from the bottom and persevere to acquire such skills. One must
also understand that skill mastery usually takes a lot of practice and quite some time.
With determination and indomitable spirit, it is always possible to achieve your goal
However, the peak of success on this course can only be achieved if we begin to learn
the basic skills in Taekwondo. Learning such basic skills is essential as it allows you to
be more prepared in complex ones. Basic skills in Taekwondo include stance, punching,
blocking and kicking.
29
Basic Stances in Taekwondo
Stances are very important to learn on this lesson. A good stance is basic skill that
helps you to have a good balance and exert power during your kicks and strikes. Stances
are also useful in performing Poomsae (forms) competition.
1.
Ready Stance (Joonbi) – this type of
stance is usually performed during start of
Poomsae and training routines.
Steps




The ready stance is performed by
standing with your feet one shoulder
length apart.
Your head & body should be facing
forward.
Your arms should hang down and be
slightly bent with your hands formed
as fists.
Your fists should be down around belt
level and they should be a fist-size
away from your body.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondostances
2. Walk Stance (Ap- Seogi) – a type of stance
that is described as small step forward in a
slow-paced walk.
Steps



You will place one foot forward as in a
regular “walking” step. The rear foot
stays in place.
The front foot points straight forward
and the rear foot points slightly to the
side.
The distance between the front and
rear foot is roughly a foot’s length
apart. This is a short stance.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondostances
30
3. Front Stance (Ap-Gubi) – it is considered as an
offensive type of stance.
Steps4.








You need to take a long step forward with your
front foot.
The “length” between your two feet should be
two shoulder widths apart.
The “width” between your two feet should be one
to one & a half shoulder widths apart.
Your front leg should be bent sharply forward
(like taking a large lunge forward). Most of your
weight will be on your front leg.
Your front foot will face forward.
Your rear leg should be straight.
Your rear foot will face to the side at a 45 degree
angle.
Your body will face forward towards your
opponent. Try to keep your body straight and
upright.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondo-stances
4. Back Stance (Dwi Kubi Seogi) - it is considered as a
defensive type of stance.
Steps






Your feet should be in L-shape (your front foot
points forward and your back foot points 90
degrees to the side).
The “length” between your two feet is about two
shoulder widths apart.
The “width” between your two feet is minimally
as your legs should almost be in a single line
facing towards your opponent.
You will place most of your weight on your back
leg. Your rear knee will be partially bent.
Your body will be facing to the side and thus you
are offering a smaller target to your opponent in
the front.
Your head will face forward towards your
opponent.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondo-stances
31
5. Horse Riding Stance (Juchum Seogi) - this type of
stance is not often use in sparring competition. However,
this is usually used in practicing punches and building
endurance.
Steps






Stand with your feet two shoulder lengths apart.
Your knees should be bent… almost to a 45
degree angle. You will look like you are riding a
horse as you will be “bow legged”.
Your feet should be facing forward towards the
target.
Your body & head will face towards the target.
Keep your back straight.
Place your fists on your belt.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondo-stances
6. Fighting Stance –this stance is common in sparring
events and is used in preparatory of performing kicks.
Steps







Your lead fist should be head high – ready to
block or jab.’
Your rear fist should be neck/chin high – ready
to block or throw a powerful punch.
Your body should be faced to the side – so you
present a smaller target to the opponent in the
front.
Your head will face forward towards the
opponent.
Your feet should be placed in a modified front
stance. The distance of your stance will be
roughly half way between a walking stance and
a front stance.
Your weight should be equally divided between
your two feet/legs Balance on the balls of your
feet.
Don’t worry about degrees and angles. Pick a
foot position that is comfortable/natural for you
and that you can use to quickly react to or
initiate an attack
Source Cited:
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondo-stances
32
Basic Punches in Taekwondo
Punch or also known termed as Jireugi is one of the basic skills in Taekwondo.
There are various punches that are being used in the sport but the most common and
basic ones are low punch, middle punch and high punch. These basic punches are
usually associated with a front stance.
1. Low punch – a type of punch that aims to hit the
opponent’s navel or belly button (Refer to Figure A).
2. Middle punch- a type of punch that aims to hit the
opponent’s solar plexus (Refer to Figure B).
3. High Punch - a type of punch that aims to hit the
opponent’s upper lip (Refer to Figure C).
Figure A
Figure B
Properly formed fist
Figure C
Figure A
Basic Blocks in Taekwondo
Blocks in Taekwondo, better known as Makgi, is a basic skill that stops and deflects
an incoming attack from the opponent. Blocks may be perfomed in different positions (e.g.
knifehand, palmheel etc.) which are suitable for any kind of attack and can be combined
with another punch and kick as means of counter attack. Basic blocks in Taekwondo
include:





Low Block
High Block
Inside Middle Block
Double Knifehand block
Outside Block
33
1. Low Block (Arae Makgi) – a basic block in
Taekwondo that aims to protect oneself from
leg and lower body strikes.
Starting Position


The blocking arm is chambered to the
opposite collar with the muscled base of the
fist facing toward the chest (i.e., the palm of
the fist is facing your chin). In other words, if
one is doing a Left Low Block, the left fist is
chambered to the right collar at the outset of
the block. It's important that the palm be
facing the chin at the outset because you're
going to want to "twist" this fist downward as
you block.
The non-blocking arm is aimed straight out
in front of you, fist facing palm-down.
Execution
 As the arm is snapping downward, the fist is
rotated so that the palm (still in a fist) is
facing downward at the conclusion of the
block. Or to put it another way, at the outset
of the block your palm is facing your chin; at
the conclusion of the block your palm is
facing your knee. There may be a temptation
to rotate the fist at the start of the downward
movement, but this would be a mistake. Most
of the rotation should occur near the end of
the blocking motion, that way there's plenty
of "twist" at the end of the block. This is what
gives the block is distinctive "snap."
 The non-blocking arm, i.e., the off-arm, is
simultaneously pulled back to the side at the
waist, rotating the fist so that it finishes with
the palm of the fist facing upward. One
principle of taekwondo is the principle
of action and reaction where if one arm is
moving forward, the other arm should be
moving back. The off-arm is providing the
reaction for this block by moving backward
and to the waist as the blocking arm is
moving forward and down.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Low_Block
34
The illustration above shows the proper
execution of “Low Block”. Left side of this
illustration is the Starting Position while
the right side is the Execution of the skill.
2. High Block (Ulgool Makgi) – a basic block in
taekwondo that aims to protect oneself from
downward strikes or attacks the come from above.
Starting Position


The blocking arm is chambered so that the
fist is down at the opposite waist. For
example, if performing a Left High Block
the left fist would first be chambered down
at the right side of the waist. The fist
should be palm-up when chambered so
that the fist can rotate during the block.
The off-arm, the non-blocking arm, should
be chambered to the opposite shoulder,
with the thumb of the fist facing the chest,
so that it too can rotate as it is brought
down to the waist during the block.
Execution
 The blocking arm is brought upward to
above forehead height with the wrist
centered on the forehead. The forearm
should be sloping downward so that
deflected blows are deflected at an angle.
The idea is that a 90-degree deflection
would injure your forearm and fail to deflect
the blow. The fist should be rotated during
the block so that at the conclusion of the
block the palm of the fist is facing upward.
 Simultaneously, the non-blocking arm
should be brought down from the shoulder
so that it finishes by your side at the waist,
palm-side up. One principle of taekwondo
is the principle of action and reaction where
if one arm is moving forward, the other arm
should be moving back. The off-arm is
providing the reaction for this block by
moving downward and to the waist.
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/High_Block
The illustration above shows the proper
execution of “High Block”. Left side of this
illustration is the Starting Position while the
right side is the Execution of the skill.
Performing High Block to the opponent.
35
3. Middle Block (Momtong Bakgi) – a type
of defense that blocks away the punch
towards your chest.
Starting Position


The blocking arm is chambered to the
side of the body with the elbow bent
upward, so that the fist's knuckles are
pointing skyward. The palm of the fist
is facing away from the body so that
the fist will be able to rotate during the
block.
The non-block arm is aimed out in
front of you, with the palm of the fist
facing downward.
Execution


The blocking arm is brought inward
until the fist is centered on the chest,
now with the palm of the fist facing the
chest.
The non-blocking arm, i.e., the offarm, is simultaneously pulled back to
the side at the waist, rotating the fist
so that it finishes with the palm of the
fist facing upward. One principle of
taekwondo is the principle of action
and reaction where if one arm is
moving forward, the other arm should
be moving back. The off-arm is
providing the reaction for this block by
moving backward and to the waist.
The illustration above shows the proper
execution of “Middle Block”. Left side of this
illustration is the Starting Position while the
right side is the Execution of the skill.
Variations.
This can also be performed using knifehand
middle block and inner forearm side block
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Middle_
Block
Performing Middle Block to the opponent.
36
4. Double Knifehand Block (Yangsonnal
Momtang Makgi) – this type of block is
usually performed in back stance. This type
of defense blocks the opponent’s attack
through open hand and perform counter
attack.
Starting Position


The right Knifehand (the augmenting
arm) is chambered palm-down
straight out to the side of the body, or
with the elbow bent slightly upward.
The left Knifehand (the blocking arm)
is chambered palm-up at the right
side of the waist.
Execution




The illustration above shows the sequential
execution of “Double Knifehand Block”. From left
(staring position), middle (chambering) and
right (execution).
For both arms, imagine keeping the
elbow in the same location in space,
rotating only the forearms.
First, the blocking arm begins to
travel up toward the shoulder. The
other arm does not yet begin to
move.
Only when the blocking arm has
reached the shoulder, does the
forearm of the right Knifehand begin
to arc so that the right knifehand
ends with the wrist in front of the
solar plexus, knifehand is palm-up.
Meanwhile forearm of the left
continues its arc upward like
a Knifehand Block so that it ends
directly in front of the shoulder, palm
facing somewhat away from the
body, as if to block an incoming
strike using the outer-forearm.
Note: The above directions are reversed for
a rightward block.
Source Cited:
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Double_
Knifehand_Outward_Block
37
5. Outside Block (Bakkat Makgi) – this type of block can be performed with either fist or
knifehand. Outside block can also be performed in front of the body or to the side. It is considered
as one of the fundamental blocks in Taekwondo.
Starting Position:


The blocking arm is chambered so that the fist is down at the opposite side of the waist (or even a
bit higher than the waist, at the ribs), the palm of the fist facing upward so that there's more
opportunity for the arm to "twist" as it rises. For example for a Left Outside Block, you would
chamber the left fist palm-up at the right side of the waist.
Simultaneously the non-blocking arm is chambered at the opposite shoulder. For example for a Left
Outside Block, you would chamber the right fist at the left shoulder, thumb facing the chest (palm
facing away from the chin)
Execution


The blocking arm is brought outward so that the fist first travels upward in a high arc, finishing
directly in front of the shoulder (or even a bit higher), with the elbow bent about 45 degrees. The
palm of the fist should now be facing downward. The wrist is kept straight throughout the arc.
The striking surface is the outer forearm. It is important that the fist travel in a high arc so that it can
build momentum leading up to the block.
Simultaneously the non-blocking arm is pulled down so that the fist ends at the side of the waist.
Variations


The Outside Block is normally performed with a fist, but as with many blocks it can also be
performed with a Knifehand. When performed with the Knifehand, the twist in the wrist is more
noticeable: for most of the blocking movement the Knifehand is palm-toward-you, snapping into
place at the end of its movement with the palm turned somewhat away from you (Refer to Figure
D, page 39)
For a Single Knifehand Outward Block, the blocking knife hand is chambered palm-up at the ribs,
the off-arm is chambered palm-down (i.e., thumb-in) at the collar. (Refer to Figure E page 39)
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Outside_Block
This illustration shows the proper
execution of “Outside Block”.
Left side of this illustration is the
Starting Position while the right
side is the Execution of the skill.
38
Figure D
Figure D: This illustration shows
another variation of the outside
block. This block is called Outside
Knifehand Block.
Figure E
Figure E: This illustration is called Single
Knifehand Outward Block. This block is
typically performed in back stance.
Basic Kicks in Taekwondo
One of the most unique and notable features of Taekwondo is its kicks. In Korea,
the term kick is known as “chagi” in which it can be performed in different and artistic
ways. These kicks may vary in level of height and difficulty such as performing jump kicks,
spinning kicks, or a combination of various kicks. Kicks are very essential to learn
because it is one of practical skill that we can use for self-defense. Each kind of kick may
be different and unique but it is applicable depending on situation. On this lesson, we will
first focus on the basic kicks in Taekwondo:






Stretch Kick
Front Kick
Out-In Kick (Outside Crescent Kick)
In-Out Kick (Inner Crescent Kick)
Roundhouse Kick
Side Kick
39
Stretch Kick – it is the most fundamental kick in
Taekwondo. This basic kick is useful in stretching
and is important as it prepares you to do high level
kicks. This kick can also be used in your exercise
routine.
Steps




Make sure that you stretch your hamstrings
and calves before attempting this kick
because it is easy to pull a hamstring.
Swing your kicking leg as high as you can.
Do not bend your kicking leg knee. The kick
is more about using your body’s core
muscles than the leg muscles.
When performing the front leg stretch kick,
try to re-place your foot where it started in
front of your body, preferably back in your
kicking stance so you can continue to
perform the same kick without resetting.
When performing the back leg stretch kick,
try to re-place your foot behind your body in
your kicking stance.
Source Cited
Stretch Kick
https://blackbeltwiki.com/stretch-kick
Front Kick (Ap- Chagi) – This kick is also known as the “snap kick”. It is one of the first kicks taught
in Taekwondo and is considered as one of the most powerful kicks. The purpose of this kick is to push
the target back and is useful as counter attack (Refer to Figure F, page 41)
Execution



Kicking Leg - First raise the knee of the kicking leg so that the knee is aimed at the target.
The ankle is held straight in-line with the rest of the leg. The leg is then straightended to kick.
After striking the target, those same actions are performed in reverse: the knee remains
pointing at the target while the foot lowers, then finally the knee is brought downward as well.
Non- Kicking Leg - The off-leg should be bent slightly at the knee during the kick. Your body's
weight should be on the ball of the foot rather than the flat of the foot; the heel may even be
lifted slightly from the ground (but not too much). The off-leg's foot should rotate during the
kick so that at the moment of impact the off-leg's foot is turned partially away from the target
Torso and Arms -The torso is normally tilted back somewhat during the kick, with the fist
brought to the chest as if blocking. Often to provide a "reaction" force to the kick, the arm on
the kicking side will be brought downward and back as the kicking leg is brought forward.
40
Figure F: The illustration above shows the sequential execution of front kick starting
from right (Fighting Stance) to left (Recover).
Outside Crescent Kick (Bakkat Chagi)- a unique and basic kicking style in which the foot
travels in circular motion from inside to outside. It is used when you are in close of the
opponent and kick around in order to strike head or their clavicle.
Execution
The kicking leg is lifted into the air in an arcing motion that starts from the center of the body
and moves outward, so that one is kicking with the outside edge of the foot (also called
the blade of the foot. (Refer to Figure G below).
Source Cited: https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Crescent_Kick
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure G: The illustration above shows the sequential execution of outside crescent
kick starting from upper left (1) to lower right (8).
41
Inner Crescent Kick (An Chagi) - a unique and basic kicking style in which the foot travels in
circular motion from outside to inside. This kick hits the opponent with outside edge of the foot or
heel.
Execution

In an Inward Crescent Kick, the kicking leg is lifted into the air in an arcing motion that starts
somewhat to the side of the body and moves inward to the center of the body, so that one
is kicking with the inside edge of the foot. (Refer to Figure H below)
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Crescent_Kick
1
2
3
4
5
Figure H: The illustration above shows the sequential execution of inside crescent kick
starting from left (1) to right (5).
Roundhouse Kick (Dollyeo Chagi) - it is performed by first raising the knee of the kicking leg so that the knee is
aimed toward the target, as with a Front Kick. You then pivot on the balls of the non-kicking foot and turn the hip
over slightly so that your body is turned sideways toward the target. The leg is then straightened to kick, so that
the shin of the leg is moving in an arc that's parallel to the ground as you are kicking (Refer to Figure I, page 42)
The Non-Kicking Leg:
As mentioned above, the non-kicking leg is vital in this kick. In order for your body to rotate so that your side is
facing the target, it is vital that you pivot on the balls of the non-kicking foot. In fact, at the moment of the strike,
your non-kicking foot should be turned so that it's pointing away from the target.
Torso and Arms:



For this explanation assume that you are kicking with the right leg. While you are turning and kicking, the
right arm should be brought down to the right so that it provides a counter-rotation to the kicking leg. In fact
it is not uncommon to see people place the right arm all the way down behind the right leg at the moment
of striking.
One principle of taekwondo is the principle of action and reaction where (for example) if one arm is moving
forward, the other arm should be moving back. In the case of that Roundhouse Kick, that principle is applied
by having the right arm move backward while the right leg is moving forward; the right arm is providing
the reaction for the right leg.
The left arm is held close to the body, fist closed as if to block. The torso is turned sideways to the target
and leans somewhat away from the target.
Variations: Roundhouse kicks can be used to kick the head or the torso of the opponent
Source Cited: https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Roundhouse_Kick
42
Variation
Figure I: The illustration above shows the sequential execution of roundhouse kick starting
from right (Fighting Stance) to left (Recover).
Side Kick (Yeop Chagi) – a unique and powerful type of kick that is being performed by lifting the knee
while also rotating your body by 90 degrees, exerting amount of force through extending leg and hit the
opponent.
Execution

Turn the body sideways with the hip turned slightly over; chamber the kicking leg diagonally across
the body, then extend the leg in a linear fashion toward the target.
The Non-Kicking Leg

Ideally, during the kick, the non-kicking foot pivots on the ball of the foot so that the non-kicking foot
is fully turned completely away from the target at the moment of striking.
The Torso and Arms

The torso is bent to the side, especially when trying to kick high. For this explanation, assume that
one is kicking with the right leg. Then often the right arm is brought down and behind the kicking leg.
The left arm is often bent to the chest with the fist closed as if blocking
Source Cited:
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Side_Kick#:~:text=Edit%20page,linear%20fashion%20toward%20the%
20target.
Figure I: The illustration above shows the sequential execution of side kick starting from right
(Fighting Stance) to left (Recover).
43
Tips for Taekwondo Beginners Amidst New Normal Situation
As much as we like to get along with our fellow peers in dojang to practice the
sport, our new normal situation won’t let us allow to do it due to the existing health threat
that is brought to us by COVID 19. However, our motivation to learn shouldn’t be stopped
by this fleeting problem. As a matter of fact, this is a high time for us to be more engaging
into physical activities to keep us healthy. As such, here are the following suggestions
that you can do at your home:
1. It is important a spaceous area to practice. Observe health protocols in your area.
2. As much as possible, do not practice on concrete floors to avoid injury
3. Always wear proper attire when you engage in physical activtity. If you have no
dobok, you can wear a shirt and a jogging pants. Remove face masks when you
start engaging into physical activities.
4. Always start doing warm up and stretching exercises before doing the drills. Do
not also forget to cool down after the training.
5. Do not set unrealistic goals.
6. You do not necessarily perform high kicks. Rememer that it takes time before you
can do complex kicks. Be patient learning the basic ones.
7. Practice at least 3 to 5 times a week. Practice the skills with determination and
willingness to learn. Make it as your recreational activity especially at this time of
pandemic.
8. Integrate variety simple exercises in your training routine.
9. Do not dehydrate yourself. Drink plenty of water before, during and after practice.
As we all know, water replenishes the lost sweat in your body.
10. There is no ideal time to practice the basic skills in Taekwondo. You can do it
anytime you want!
11. You need to understand that it is important to integrate the principles of exercise
in your training (i.e. specificity, overload, progression, adaptation, invidualization
reversibility).
12. Eat nutritious food. Don’t start training without a food in your stomach. As what
people say, food is the source of energy. Thus, you can perform at your best when
your body is in good condition.
13. Watch videos on the Internet to supplement your learning about the sport.
14. You can also start taking videos of yourself from the day of your first training so
that youc track your progress
15. Do not practice what you have learned onto others in purpose
44
Supplemental Learning
Search for these links below and watch it to supplement you learning about the lesson
Basic Stances
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJhxhYqBQwA
Punches in Taekwondo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfGq1tLcN4I
Basic Blocks in Taekwondo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5y1aB3gsPc
Basic Kicks in Taekwondo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhuF0Utbq5E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t61DFDf_ZAQ
Taekwondo Exercises for Beginners
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2t3meH_Mvy0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEYgYkdr42Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujly7l3-xUM
Summary





The basic skills in Taekwondo include stance, punching, blocking and kicking.
Stances are very important to learn on this lesson. A good stance is basic skill that
helps you to have a good balance and exert power during your kicks and strikes.
Basic stances include ready stance, walk stance, front stance, back stance,
horseback riding stance and fighting stance.
Punch or also known termed as Jireugi is one of the basic skills in Taekwondo.
There are various punches that are being used in the sport but the most common
and basic ones are low punch, middle punch and high punch
Blocks in Taekwondo, better known as Makgi, is a basic skill that stops and deflects
an incoming attack from the opponent. Basic blocks include low block, high block,
inside middle block, double knifehand block and outside block.
One of the most unique and notable features of Taekwondo is its kicks. In Korea,
the term kick is known as “chagi” in which it can be performed in different and
artistic ways. Some basic type of kicks are stretch kick, front kick, outside crescent
kick, inner crescent kick, roundhouse kick and side kick.
45
Activity 13: Let’s Get Physical!
Direction: Let’s get physical starting today. Your task is to create a 10 minute workout in
preparation to practicing the basic skills in Taekwondo. Students under Categories 1 and
2 must take a video of themselves doing the workout and shall submit the video through
posting it on our FB page. Students under Category 3 will be scheduled for a face to face
presentation. Note: (Please include these activities to Activity 15)
Activity 14: Hannah, Deul, Set… Taekwondo!
Direction: Your task for this activity is to perform the various basic skills in Taekwondo.
Refer to the table below and perform each skill with its corresponding repetitions.
Students under Categories 1 and 2 shall make a video demonstration of themselves
performing the skills. Kindly submit your video through email or via messenger. Students
under Category 3 will be scheduled for a face to face presentation. Note: (Please include
these activities to Activity 15).
Basic Skills
Right
Left
1. Low Punch + Forward Stance
10 reps
10 reps
2. Middle Punch + Horseback Riding Stance
10 reps
10 reps
3. High Punch + Forward Stance
10 reps
10 reps
1. Low Block + Forward Stance
10 reps
10 reps
2. High Block + Forward Stance
10 reps
10 reps
3. Inside Middle Block + Horseback Riding Stance
10 reps
10 reps
4. Knifehand Block + Back Stance
10 reps
10 reps
5. Outside Block + Ready Stance
10 reps
10 reps
1. Front Kick
5 reps
5 reps
2. Outside Crescent Kick
5 reps
5 reps
Punch and Stances
Blocks and Stances
Kicks
46
3. Inner Crescent Kick
5 reps
5 reps
4. Roundhouse Kick
5 reps
5 reps
5. Side Kick
5 reps
5 reps
Activity 15: My Taekwondo Fitness Plan
Direction: Your task for this activity is to create your Taekwondo Fitness Plan. Kindly
accomplish the task and submit it at the end of the semester. All students under
categories 1, 2 and 3 shall secure evidences and submit it together with their fitness plan.
(Please refer to Appendix A))
References
https://quotesgram.com/taekwondo-quotes-motivation/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/272819689903644097/
https://taekwondoanimals.com/taekwondo-stances
http://www.britishtkd.co.uk/mobile/dan_gun.html
http://internetpub.altervista.org/blog/blog-detail.php?id=22
http://www.steveconway.net/stances/forward_stance.htm
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Back_Stance
https://www.wikihow.com/Assume-a-Fighting-Stance-in-Taekwondo#/Image:Perform-aTaekwondo-Front-Kick-Step-1.jpg
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Punch#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20number%20
of,share%20the%20same%20basic%20technique.&text=Punches%20are%20designate
d%20as%20being,aimed%20at%20the%20opponent's%20navel.
https://sportsaspire.com/taekwondo-moves
http://internetpub.altervista.org/blog/blog-detail.php?id=25
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/392446555014995593/
47
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Taekwondo_Blocking#:~:text=Taekwondo%20block
s%20(known%20as%20makgi,%2C%20knifehand%2C%20palmheel%2C%20etc.
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Low_Block
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_(martial_arts)#/media/File:EVD-kumite-042.jpg
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/High_Block
http://www.kungfumagazine.com/forum/showthread.php?68574-Blocks-that-work-andblocks-that-don-t
https://blackbeltwiki.com/knife-handblock#:~:text=With%20a%20knife%20hand%20block,with%20a%20knife%20hand%20s
trike.
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Double_Knifehand_Outward_Block
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Outside_Block
https://www.wuyi-taekwondo.com/taekwondo-kicks/
https://blackbeltwiki.com/stretch-kick
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/80/89/f1/8089f1e3e2b6afa6353c0734baa31ef4.jpg
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Crescent_Kick
http://www.martialartsvohra.com/assets/images/crescent_1.jpg
http://www.martialartsvohra.com/assets/images/crescent_1.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b5/02/a8/b502a82513c9ba4bf9cd9358b266fec9.jpg
https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Roundhouse_Kick
http://www.martialyou.com/forms/Side-Kick-Guide-Poster-8192x5689.jpg
48
Lesson 5: Basic Self Defense and Forms in Taekwondo
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to
1. identify the 5 basic self-defense in Taekwondo;
2. perform the basic self-defense and forms in Taekwondo correctly; and
3. appreciate the importance of self-defense and forms in Taekwondo..
Activity 16: Formulate Questions
Direction: For this activity, kindly write down your questions about self-defense. Formulate
at least 3 to 5 questions as we are going to discuss it during video teleconferencing.
My Questions
1. Do we need to fight back if we are being threatened?
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________
When can someone use self-defense? Generally speaking, self defense is a
universal principle, an acceptable one, in which a person has right to defend himself from
any forms of threat. Self-defense, as defined by FindLaw, “… is the right to prevent
suffering force or violence through the use of a sufficient level of counteracting force or
violence”. Nowadays, the world we live in is not a safe place for us. Young and old people
are often victims of crime and violence. To be honest, self-defense is an overlooked skill
by many yet one must realize its essence. Taekwondo, as one of the traditional martial
arts, teaches us various techniques in which it can be useful when you are caught in
unwanted situations.
Taekwondo has a lot of self- defense techniques which can be very applicable into.
As a matter of fact, you can also have your own style by combining the blocking, punching
and kicking techniques.
49
Self Defense No. 1
Execution




The illustration above shows the sequential performance of Self
Defense No. 1. The actual execution starts at Letter E to G.
Right Leg slide out to
horseback to stance
Left
knifehand
block,
reverse neck chop
Grab the left hand of the
opponent, move right leg to
feet together
Pull the left hand of the
opponent and twist his arm.
Perform right hand neck
chop. (SHOUT)
Source Cited: Taekwondo Student’s
Handbook (PTA)
Self Defense No. 2
Execution



The illustration above shows the sequential performance of Self
Defense No. 2. The actual execution starts at Letter E to G.
50
Right Leg slide out to
horseback to stance
Left knifehand block, right
upward punch.
Perform
double
middle
punch on opponent’s solar
plexus. (SHOUT)
Source Cited:
Taekwondo Student’s
(PTA)
Handbook
Self Defense No. 3
Execution



The illustration above shows the sequential performance of Self
Defense No. 3. The actual execution starts at Letter D to F.
Move your right leg back (in
walk stance) and slide
forward (front stance)
Perform left high block
Follow up an upper punch
hitting the opponent’s face.
(SHOUT)
Source Cited:
Taekwondo Student’s Handbook
(PTA)
Self- Defense No. 4
Execution



The illustration above shows the sequential performance of Self
Defense No. 4. The actual execution starts at Letter E to G.
51
Move your right leg back to
walking stance, palm heel
middle back
Left leg
slide out to
horseback riding stance
Follow up a double middle
punch
to
opponent’s
abdomen. (SHOUT)
Source Cited:
Taekwondo Student’s Handbook
(PTA)
Self Defense No. 5
Execution


The illustration above shows the sequential performance of Self
Defense No. 5. The actual execution starts at Letter D to E.
Taekwondo Forms (Poomsae)
As discussed in Lesson 2,
Poomsae is a patterned and successive
movements that involves fundamental
skills such as blocking, punching,
kicking and stance. Poomsae is
arranged in order in response to attack
from multiple imaginary opponents.
Taekwondo is consists of many forms
and each fthem has its unique
characteristic and quality. Through
engaging into Poomsae, it teaches
someone to cultivate his balance,
technique, coordination and selfdiscipline. Beginners start learning
foundation forms 1 and 2.
52
Move your right leg back
and prepare left leg for side
kick.
Perform left foot side kick.
(SHOUT)
Source Cited:
Taekwondo Student’s Handbook
(PTA)
Foundation Form No. 1
Illustration by Master Shin’s Taekwondo Center
Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/403846291588543839/
53
Foundation Form No. 2
Illustration by Phiippine Taekwondo Association
Source: Taekwondo Student’s Handbook (PTA)
54
20 Steps of Foundation Form No. 2
1
2A
2B
3
4A
4B
5
6
7
8
9
10A
10B
11
12A
12B
13
14
15
16
17
18A
18B
19
20A
20B
Left Forward Stance
Right Front Kick
Right Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left front Kick
Left Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Front Kick
Right Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left front Kick
Left Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left Forward Stance
Right Front Kick
Right Forward Stance
Right Forward Stance
Left front Kick
Left Forward Stance
Left Upward Block
Right Middle Punch
Right Upward Block
Left Middle Punch
Left Downward Block
Right Upward Punch
Left Upward Punch
Right Upward Punch
Left Upward Block
Right Middle Punch
Right Upward Block
Left Middle Punch
Left Downward Block
Right Upward Punch
Left Upward Punch
Right Upward Punch
Left Upward Block
Right Middle Punch
Right Upward Block
Left Middle Punch
Source Cited: Taekwondo Student’s Handbook (PTA)
Supplemental Learning
Search for these links below and watch it to supplement you learning about the lesson
Self- defense No.1 to 5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8YT96GoBxs
Foundation Form 1 and 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ua6apxmhos
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Summary



Self-defense is the right to prevent suffering force or violence through the use of a
sufficient level of counteracting force or violence.
White belts should have mastered 5 basic self-defenses – Self Defense No.1 to 5
Foundation Forms 1 and 2 are the fundamental and most basic forms in
Taekwondo.
Activity 17: Self Defense and Foundation Forms
Direction: For this activity, you will be given time an enough time to practice at your home
for final presentation. Your instructor will be given you schedule to perform the following
self-defense and foundation forms:



Self Defense No. 1 to 5
Foundation Forms 1 and 2
Create at least one self-defense technique.
Students under Categories 1 and 2 will perform the activity through video chat while
students under Category will perform the activity on schedule date of practicum exam.
References
https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-law-basics/self-defense-overview.html
https://smaschools.com/importance-and-benefits-of-self-defense/
https://www.britishtaekwondo.org.uk/about/
https://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2018/sports/08/19/20180819poomsae.jpg
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/403846291588543839/
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ec029b_e747d5a474674bf499553dc21e741556~mv2.
jpg
https://i.etsystatic.com/7434544/r/il/870a08/2078423492/il_570xN.2078423492_snou.jp
g
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https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/LW1zovhBURw24te0mp0fkSrF-kOJx2fssqxdBhCGQFSB5cVzwMqsLVbKeRRBUEBjPXom8ArcEoBwXV0-LFchhvj2smD8Lo
https://pngimg.com/uploads/taekwondo/taekwondo_PNG18.png
Taekwondo Student’s Handbook by Philippine Taekwondo Association (PTA)
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Appendix A
My Fitness Plan Template
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