After going through this lesson, you are expected
to:
1. identify the most important electronic
components in general;
2. familiarize with the functions, symbol, unit of
measurement, and examples of their use; and
3. test components.
Before we start on our
activity. Let’s make have a
review from the previous
lesson…
Directions: Identify the parts of the
analogue tester by choosing from
the words inside the box. Write
your answers in your notebook.
Scale
Range Selector
Dial/Infinity Knob
Zero Ohm Adjuster
Positive Probe
Test Probes
Range
Needle/Pointer
Negative Probe Ports
ANSWERS
Scale
Range Selector
Positive Probe
Test Probes
Dial/Infinity Knob
Range
Needle/Pointer
Zero Ohm Adjuster
Negative Probe Ports
Needle/Pointer
Dial/Infinity Knob
Range
Scale
Zero Ohm Adjuster
Range Selector
Probe Ports
Negative Probe
Test Probes
Positive Probe
Congratulations… You’ve
learned a lot in our
previous lesson. Let us
continue with the next
activity.
Now let us assess of what
you have know about our
topics for today. Take this
Pretest.
Directions: Match Column A with
Column B. Write only the letter of
your choice. Write your answers in
your notebook.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
___ 1. Passive Components
___ 2. Electromechanical
Components
___ 3. Active Components
___ 4. Optoelectronics
Components
___ 5. IC (Integrated
Circuits)
a. Contains moving parts.
b. Emits or receives light.
c. Used to amplify the voltage. They are
also called semiconductors.
d. Very important and essential parts
but they can’t amplify the voltage
e. Electronic chips that contains
complete circuits manufactured by
high techniques.
ANSWERS
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
___ 1. Passive Components
___ 2. Electromechanical
Components
___ 3. Active Components
___ 4. Optoelectronics
Components
___ 5. IC (Integrated
Circuits)
a. Contains moving parts.
b. Emits or receives light.
c. Used to amplify the voltage. They are
also called semiconductors.
d. Very important and essential parts
but they can’t amplify the voltage
e. Electronic chips that contains
complete circuits manufactured by
high techniques.
We are done assessing your
prior knowledge about our
topics for today’s session.
Let’s continue with the next
activity.
Directions: Identify the parts of the
analogue tester by choosing from
the words inside the box. Write
your answers in your notebook.
What is in the picture all about?
Electronic Components
Let’s proceed with the next
activity…
Directions:
Identify whether the
components are passive or not passive.
Write P for Passive Components and
NPC for Not Passive Components. Write
your answers in your notebook.
1. Fuse
2. Resistor
3. Switches
4. Speakers
5. Coils
6. Transformer
7. Diode
8. Zener Diode
9. Potentiometer
10. Capacitor
ANSWERS
1.
2. Resistor
3.
4. Speakers
5. Coils
6. Transformer
7. Diode
8. Zener Diode
9. Potentiometer
10. Capacitor
Job well done! Let’s continue
with the next activity…
Directions:
Name each electronic
components below. Choose the words
from the box and write your answer on
notebook.
FUSE
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
TRANSFORMER
POTENTIOMETER(VARIABLE RESISTOR)
VARIABLE CAPACITOR
COILS
CRYSTAL
MEMRISTOR
ANSWERS
FUSE
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
TRANSFORMER
RESISTOR
CRYSTAL
POTENTIOMETER(VARIABLE RESISTOR)
VARIABLE CAPACITOR
COILS
CRYSTAL
MEMRISTOR
VARIABLE
CAPACITOR
MEMRISTOR
POTENTIOMETER
CAPACITOR
COIL
TRANSFORMER
FUSE
Congratulations! Let
proceed with our topics…
Before we begin…
There are many various electronic
components and it is difficult to be covered in
one book, so we will examine the most
important, common and widely used
components in electronics.
Electronic components are divided into groups:
GROUPS OF
COMPONENTS
MEANING
PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Very important and essential parts but they can’t
amplify the voltage.
ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPONENTS
Contains moving parts.
Used to amplify the voltage. They are also called
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
semiconductors.
OPTOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS Emits or receives light.
Electronic chips that contains complete circuits
IC (Integrated Circuits)
manufactured by high techniques.
Passive components are easy to
configure. Its operation depends on simple
electrical and magnetic properties, these
elements are essential in any electronic
circuit but cannot amplify the voltage and
control it, as active components that we’re
going to study later.
Most important passive components:
• Fuse, Resistance R, Condenser C, Coil L,
etc…
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
The fuse protects electronic circuits and
devices from overcurrent. It contains a
sensitive wire that melts if the current
exceeds the specified amount of the fuse.
• Unit of measurement: The fuse is measured
in ampere A, the maximum current that a fuse
can withstand before it breaks.
Fuses are easily damaged. There are
different shapes and sizes, and some are slow to cut.
internal burning, discoloration, wire
cut.
The multimeter is used to test the fuse,
and the easy way is to set the multimeter to the ring
out position or the resistance position by
connecting the multimeter terminals to the fuse. The
fuse is damaged, if the multimeter shows an OL sign.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
Resistors are used to reduce current
flow in certain percentages according to
the resistance value.
Unit of measurement: Resistance is measured
by ohm Ω.
Resistors vary depending on the value of
the resistance (Ohms) and power (watts), size and
percentage error
Burning, Breaking, Color change.
The multimeter is used to read the
resistance value. We set the multimeter to the ohm
position and connect the multimeter’s terminals
with the resistor’s ones. Read the displayed value.
Resistance manufacturers
rely on the color method to determine the value of
resistance.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
Reduce current’s flow (as usual resistors),
except we can change its value manually.
Unit of measurement: Ohm ()
Types:
1. Type that changes according to the rotational
motion and it called potentiometer.
2. Type that changes according to linear motion and
it called slider variable resistor.
Put the multimeter on the
resistance measurement. Put one end of the
multimeter on the variable end (the middle one),
and the other end of multimeter on any end of
the resistor. Then, move the cursor from far right
to far left. The resistance reading should
change from zero to the maximum resistance
value written on it.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
Storing a small charge, then discharge
it if the voltage decreases between its two.
Unit of measurement: Farad (F)
Species: There are two main types of Capacitors.
1. Electrolytic capacitor that has polarity (+/-).
2. Ceramic capacitor does not have polarity
It is usually written on Chemical
Capacitor All important information, such
as capacitance, the maximum voltage
endures, and maximum temperature, while
the ceramic capacitor will be explained
later.
Swelling from top or explosion, wax
release, dehydration, strong odor.
Most modern multimeters have a capacitor
measurement option and it is an easy way to test. We put
the cursor on fμ, put Multimeter’s ends on the capacitor’s
ends and read the result. The proper capacitor will give a
close reading of the one that written on it.
Note: Capacitors are sometimes highly charged. The
Damage
Capacitor measuring
charge
shouldCapacitors
be discharged by resistance.
As shown.
discharging.
and discharging
Normally, 3 numbers and a letter are written on
the capacitor.
We can read the capacitance by:
Type the numbers that the first and second
digits, the third one as (find the equivalent in the
table) in the first block and multiply it with the
second block. The results in Pico Farad. The
character in the third column shows the error ratio.
Example: Capacitor written on it 473J. How
much is the capacitance in Farad, and how
much is the error ratio in the capacitor?
Solution:
1000 * 47 =47 000 pF
Desirable to write value such 47nF
Error Ratio: 5%
Exercise:
1000 Capacitor with 309P written on it. How
much it's capacity? What is the error ratio?
Solution:
3 pF = 0.1 * 30
Error Ratio: 0% -100% +
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
Variable capacitor works like a normal capacitor, but its
capacitance can be changed manually.
Unit of measurement: Farad (F)
Test Methods:
Put the multimeter on the capacitance meter (capacitor test)
and connect both ends of the multimeter to the center leg of the
capacitor and any other end, and then measure the capacitance
as the capacitor arm rotates. The capacitance of the capacitor
should change from zero to the highest recorded value.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
The coils generate a magnetic field when an electric
current pass through it.
Unit of measurement: Henry (H)
Features: Coils are rarely used in electronic circuits but
frequently used in communications circuits, frequencies
and transmitting and receiving operations. Each coil has its
own number of twists and type of material the rings wrapped
around it There are coils with air heart, metallic heart, or
paper heart .
Test Method: Coils have very small resistance. The
multimeter can, therefore, be used and the coil's
resistance can be measured from both ends.
Some of the coils are damaged by cutting and
their resistance would be very high. Some other
coils have interrupts between their twists and this
type of damage is difficult to detect by multimeter,
so we use other devices like LCR meter and Ring
Tester.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
The adapter raises or decreases the AC voltage. By
converting electricity into a magnetic field in the primary
winding, then converting the magnetic field into electrical
energy in the secondary winding.
Unit of measurement: The transformer does not have a unit of
measurement. But its function can be determined by
knowing the appropriate input voltage and output voltage
when operating the transformer in volts or by measuring the
resistance of both primary and secondary coils.
Features: The transformer raises or decreases the
voltage, except that it does not change the power
(watt). The input power is equal to the output power,
and the change is the inverse relationship between
the current and the voltage (if you raise the voltage,
the current decreases, and vice versa. Moreover, the
transformers can contain more than two wires for
the input inductor or the output one and that is used
to control the voltage's values.
Test Method: The resistance of the two inductors
(input inductor and output one) can first be
measured using a multimeter. They both have a
small resistance. Noticing that the value of the
primary inductor is higher than the value of the
secondary inductor. It is advisable to try the
transformer by connecting a suitable input voltage
to it and then measuring the output voltage on both
ends of the secondary coil.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
The crystal generates fixed frequencies according to its
manufacture.
Unit of measurement: The crystal is measured by the frequency
it generates, and the frequency is measured in Hertz Hz.
Unit of measurement: The crystal is usually poorly used, and it
may be damaged when exposed to strong shocks. It is usually
used in complicated circuits containing processors (e.g.
Motherboard, TV, digital games and communication circuits)
Test Method: The resistance of the two inductors
(input inductor and output one) can first be
measured using a multimeter. They both have a
small resistance. Noticing that the value of the
primary inductor is higher than the value of the
secondary inductor. It is advisable to try the
transformer by connecting a suitable input voltage
to it and then measuring the output voltage on both
ends of the secondary coil.
Features: Testing a Crystal is not simple. It is
recommended to operate the device in which the
crystal to be tested is placed.
Put the multimeter on the frequency
measurement mode. Then, put the black wire on the
ground of the circuit, and the red one on one of the
crystal ends. Here, the measured frequency should
be compared to the frequency written on the
crystal.
Crystal’s Use: One of the most common uses is
adjusting the frequency of the Atmega chip which
is considered as the heart of the Arduino. A crystal
must be connected to the Arduino as shown in the
picture.
SYMBOLS
ACTUAL
COMPONENTS
This element changes its resistance according to the
value of the voltage directed to it, this is a new technology
that may change the electronics industry considerably in
the future, except that this element is not used in the known
devices we have so far.
Unit of measurement: Ohm
Directions:
Identify the following
electronic component symbols. Write
your answer on your notebook.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ANSWERS
1.
2.
RESISTOR
MEMRISTOR
3.
4.
FUSE
COIL
5.
CRYSTAL
Were done! Let’s proceed
with another activity…
Directions: Write the word TRUE if the
underlined word is correct and FALSE if
it is not. Write your answer on your
notebook.
1.
The resistance of the two inductors (input
inductor and output one) can first be measured
using a multimeter.
2. Testing a variable resistor is not simple. It is
recommended to operate the device in which
the crystal to be tested is placed.
3. Swelling from top or explosion, wax release,
dehydration, strong odor are the damage signs
of Coil.
4. The multimeter is used to read the resistance
value. We set the multimeter to the ohm position
and connect the multimeter’s terminals with the
resistor’s ones. Read the displayed value.
5. Internal burning, discoloration, wire cut are the
sign damages of Fuse.
ANSWERS
1.
The resistance of the two inductors (input
inductor and output one) can first be measured
using a multimeter. TRUE
2. Testing a variable resistor is not simple. It is
recommended to operate the device in which
the crystal to be tested is placed. FALSE
3. Swelling from top or explosion, wax release,
dehydration, strong odor are the damage signs
of Coil.
4. The multimeter is used to read the resistance
value. We set the multimeter to the ohm position
and connect the multimeter’s terminals with the
resistor’s ones. Read the displayed value.
5. Internal burning, discoloration, wire cut are the
sign damages of Fuse.
Finally! You are about to end
this lesson…
So, what did you learn from
our lesson today?
We are almost done with our
lesson for today… Now let us
assess of what you have
learned in our topics today.
Take this test…
Directions: Match column A with the
electronic components symbols in
column B. Write only the letter of your
choice. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
COLUMN A
1.Resistor
2.Capacitor
3.Crystal
4.Fuse
5.Transformer
COLUMN B
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWERS
COLUMN A
1.Resistor
2.Capacitor
3.Crystal
4.Fuse
5.Transformer
COLUMN B
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Congratulations! Let us
proceed with the next
activity…
Directions: Match column A with
column B. Write only the letter of your
choice. Write your answer on your
notebook.
COLUMN A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COLUMN B
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWERS
COLUMN A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COLUMN B
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.