5. (a) The Industrial Revolution was the enlightenment of
industrial development. At this stage, highly skilled workers
produce small quantities of customized products, and there is
no significant progress in management theory and practice.
(b) The representative figure of Scientific management is Taylor.
The theory analyzes and integrates work processes and the
relationship between employees and work tasks, emphasizing
mass production.
(c) Interchangeable parts were some of the key elements of the
Industrial Revolution proposed by Eli Whitney in 1792. They
refer to parts that are manufactured to the same specifications,
which helps make equipment installation and maintenance
easier and less time-consuming.
(d) The division of labor was some of the key elements of the
Industrial Revolution, introduced by Adam Smith in 1776.Let
each department leverage its strengths to improve quality and
efficiency.
作答者:陳以庭(11024222)
7. Models is a way of representing real-world systems or
phenomena.
Common characteristics of models include:
(1) Models can abstract and simplify real-world systems or
phenomena.
(2) Models can omit unimportant details to focus on the most
critical aspects of the real-world system.
(3) Models have the capability to make predictions.
The importance of models lies in:
(1) They may have lower costs and greater ease of use
compared to actual systems.
(2) They can effectively quantify information.
(3) They enable managers to analyze problems more efficiently.
(4) Models serve as an assessment tool, providing a
standardized way to analyze issues.
(5) They empower users to solve problems using mathematical
approaches.
Models play a crucial role in advancing knowledge, informing
decision-making, and solving real-world problems. That's why
models are important.
作答者:黃筱雅(11024236)
8. Whether a product or service is highly customized has big
influence on process planning. Production of customized
products or provision of customized services is generally more
time consuming, requires more highly skilled people, and
involves more flexible equipment than what is needed for
standardized products and services.
作答者:蕭宏桎(11024206)
11.在精實生產的環境下工作需要的是高技能的工人，而在
這環境下，由於缺乏行銷策略，工人們看不到未來的發展
機會，並且由於關注產品的質量，所帶來的就是更高的壓
力水平，再進一步這些工人的工作要求也會擴大，這就是
有些工人不偏好精實生產環境的原因。
作答者:陳彥岡(11024238)
13. (1) The variety of goods or services being offered, the
greater the variety of goods and services, the greater the
variation in production or service requirements.
(2) Structural variation in demand, such as trends and seasonal
variations. These are generally predictable. They are particularly
important for capacity planning.
(3) Random variation. This natural variability is present to some
extent in all processes, is present in demand for services and
products, and generally cannot be influenced by managers.
(4) Assignable causes of variation by defective inputs, incorrect
work methods, out of adjustment equipment, and so on. This
type of variation can be reduced or eliminated by analysis and
corrective action.
For Quality Control: Effective management of variation is crucial
for maintaining consistent product or service quality. By
understanding and addressing variation, managers can ensure
that products meet or exceed customer expectations. Also
managers must understand and effectively deal with variation
in processes to ensure consistent quality, control costs, satisfy
customers, drive continuous improvement, and reduce risks.
Failure to do so can lead to operational inefficiencies and
compromised business performance.
作答者:陳宗煒(11024239)
16.Outsourcing can’t control the production process of the
product, including cost, quality, quantity, etc. It will also
increase transportation costs and create dependence on
suppliers. However, each industry has its own specialties.
Outsourcing can save time and manufacturing costs, and can
focus on the company's own operations and development.
作答者:彭巧棋(11024205)