3:31 PM
Entrepreneur. Many of us feel that decisions especially important for probably want to start
running a side, business requires you to be on top sometimes of the questions. 21 to 24.
Now listen, carefully and answer questions, 21 to 24.
Come in. Oh, hello, Keith. Do you have a few minutes? There's a couple of things I need to
discuss with you. I have a seat. How can I help? Well, first, I was hoping you could give you
some extra time to finish my essay. I know, it's due. Next Monday. I was planning to work on it
over the weekend, but something has come up. Well I don't usually like to get extensions. Is
there a good reason why you need some extra time? Yeah I entered one of my photos in a
competition and I just found out that my picture has been shortlisted. I've been invited to a
special event to find out whether I have one. So I'm going to be in Manchester or weekend.
Wow, gratulations but you must have known about this for a few weeks week, so why didn't you
plan your time better?
That's just it. I didn't know the competition. Organized has sent a letter to my parents address,
but my mother didn't get around to forwarding it to me until this week. I see. Well under the
circumstances I can give you a few extra days for the essay would Friday of next week. Be
enough time. Yes, absolutely. Thanks very much. Do you mind if I ask about your photo, what
was it all? I like to take photos that show the ups and downs of student life. Photo entered in the
competition is when I took at the start of term. Yes, it shows a student standing. Absolutely still,
or lots of other people are walking past her. The other people are all blurred because they're
moving, but she's in sharp focus. And even though her back is to the camera, you can somehow
tell from her body language that she's unhappy or lonely. I call it Island. It sounds like an
interesting shot and I like the title. Good luck. I hope you win. Thanks.
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions, 25 to 30
3:34 PM
Now listen, it also questions, 25 to 30.
You said you had two things to discuss? Yes. I was hoping I could switch my degree course. As
you know I'm taking classical studies but I wanted to change the ancient history or perhaps
archaeology. Huh? That's certainly not something I was expecting to hear. Can I ask why you
want to change? I'm struggling with learning Latin and Greek. When I enrolled in the course, I
didn't realize that languages were going to be such an important part of the course or so difficult
for that matter. Well I think changing to Archaeology is definitely not going to be possible, it just
doesn't have enough classes in common with classical studies. There is a fair bit of overlap with
ancient history as you know. But even there you'll be behind the other students because they
will have taken classes that you haven't, I'm willing to do the necessary work to catch up.
Perhaps I could do some of the classes over the summer. The university won't run summer
classes this year because of budget restrictions, I see I'll need to look at your academic grades
and discuss this with my colleagues in the department before I can give you a final answer, but
well, I think you should expect the decision to be. No, really, it's disappointing, assuming you
can't change. I think it will be good for you to think of other ways to solve your problem with the
languages. For example, I've been impressed with your research.
Rules and analytical ability. Perhaps, you could find a study partner, who's better at languages
than you are. But who needs some help with research and Analysis? That way, you could help
each other out, perhaps, and have you tried using any online tools, for some extra language
practice, there are some great resources available if you hunt around a bit. Yeah, I guess I
could try that good luck again with the photo competition. I'll let you know about the other things
as Soon, as I have an answer. That is the end of Section. 3. You now have half a minute to
check your answers.
Now, turn to section 4.
Section 4. You will hear a talk about cleaning up, pollution first, you have some time to look at
questions, 31 to 40.
Now listen, carefully and answer questions, 31 to 40.
Hello. Thank you. All for attending this evening is lecture. Let's start with the bad news in today's
world. The amount of pollution can seem almost endless, and no matter where it comes from
pollution ends up in the same places, in our are in our water and in our soil, And once these
things become polluted, they can stay that way for a very long time because they are so difficult
to clean. Luckily there is some good news, too. In recent years, we've begun to make a lot of
progress in something, called phytoremediation. I know. A hard name to remember and a hard
one to say. In fact, but in simple terms, phytoremediation just means using plants to clean up
polluted areas. The basic concept and process are simple enough to understand. We take
plants and grow them in polluted soil or water as the plants take in water. They also absorb
pollutants. This removes those pollutants from the environment. Once the plants have absorbed
as much toxic material as they can, we Harvest them, Then we can simply repeat the process
until the pollution level drops enough.
Let me share an example to clarify further. Sunflowers are well-known plant, of course, near my
home. There's a farmer who grows them and I love seeing their cheerful, yellow faces rising up
and turning towards the Sun. But Farmers don't grow sunflowers for their beauty. They grew
them because people and animals can eat their seeds, and because the seeds produce
sunflower oil, However, sunflowers are also very good at pulling dangerous metals, from the
environment. If you grow sunflowers and soil, that is polluted with a poisonous, metal called
arsenic. They can remove most of the Arsenic from the soil. What is more they can do it fairly
quickly. Using plants to clean. Polluted areas has both advantages and disadvantages. On the
one hand. This method is considerably less expensive than other methods of removing
pollutants, from the soil. For instance, one study used a plant called Alpine pennycress to clean
up a site polluted with the metal cadmium. The total cost of cleaning the site was about 250
dollars per acre per year, in comparison, the traditional method of cleaning up such a sight
which involves replacing the polluted soil with clean soil would have cost around 1 million dollars
per acre. On the other hand, the main disadvantage of phytoremediation is that it requires a
great deal of time to clean polluted areas in the study using Alpine pennycress, it took three to
ten years before the cadmium concentrations, reached safe levels. This is much longer than the
traditional method would have taken in other cases, it might take decades before soil, is clean
enough to be considered safe. In addition, when soil is extremely polluted, plants may not be
able to grow at all. Despite these limitations however, phytoremediation often offers an
opportunity to clean up areas that would otherwise have been left polluted indefinitely. And this
is why scientists are looking for ways to make phytoremediation more effective. In some cases,
this simply means discovering which plants can clean up pollution. Recently, some Swedish
scientists found a plant called floating hook Moss, living in water that had been heavily
contaminated with arsenic. When they examined the Moss more closely, they found that it was
filtering water very quickly and removing arsenic in the process. In fact, in one experiment, the
Moss was able to filter 80% of the Arsenic from a container of water in one hour. Arsenic is a
common pollutant all over the world, so hopefully floating hook Moss Will Be an Effective
solution. I'll talk more about phytoremediation in a moment but I can see we have a question at
the back of the room. Yes,
That is the end of section for you. Now, have half a minute to check your answers.
3:43 PM
You sure you send a text to the legend.
Now.