Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Bulacan
SAN PEDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
PLOT, SETTING,
CHARACTERIZATIO
N
Welcome to class!
Today's Agenda
• Quarter 1-Module 3:
Appraising the Unity of Plot,
Setting and Characterization
in a Material Viewed to
Achieve the Writer’s Purpose
OBJECTIVES:
1. identify the setting, plot and characterization of the
material viewed;
2. determine how the unity of plot, setting and
characterization contribute to the effective development
of a story;
3. create a plot using the provided setting and
characterization; and
4. show realization on how to cope with changes.
Elements of a Short Story
Plot
Setting
Characters
Conflict
Point of View
Theme
Five Main Elements of Plot
a) Exposition - The beginning of
the story where the characters and
the setting is revealed.
Example: Once there was a greedy
crocodile who was living on the
bank of the Pasig River.
Five Main Elements of Plot
b) Rising Action - The main
character is in crisis and events
leading up to facing the conflict
begin to unfold. The story becomes
complicated.
Example: One day the crocodile of thought
of getting married and he said aloud that he
will give all that he has for a wife.
Five Main Elements of Plot
c) Climax - At the peak of the story, a
major event occurs in which the main
character faces a major enemy, fear,
challenge, or other source of conflict. The
most action, drama, change, and
excitement occurs here.
Example: The Peahen said that she will marry
the crocodile because he is rich.
Five Main Elements of Plot
d) Falling Action - The story
begins to slow down and work
towards its end, tying up loose
ends.
Example: The crocodile asked the peahen
to sit on his mouth so that she might not
spoil her beautiful feathers with mud.
Five Main Elements of Plot
e) Resolution - Also known as
the denouement, the resolution is
like a concluding paragraph that
resolves any remaining issues and
ends the story.
Example: The crocodile made a good
dinner of his wife.
Pyramid Pattern of a
Plot
Setting
Place - Geographical location.
Where is the action of the story
taking place?
Time - When is the story taking
place? (historical period, time of
day, year, etc.)
Weather Conditions - Is it rainy,
sunny, stormy, etc.?
Setting
Social Conditions - What is the daily life
of the characters like? Does the story
contain local color (writing that focuses on
the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs,
etc. of a particular place)?
Mood or Atmosphere - What feeling is
created at the beginning of the story? Is it
bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?
Setting
REMEMBER
How you choose to describe your setting
will affect the way your reader feels about
your piece. Do you want the reader to feel
fear or tension? Or do you want them to
feel warm and happy? Determine the mood
you want to create before take on the task
of describing your setting.
Characterization
Characterization is the method used
by the writer/author to reveal the
personality of the character/s.
In literature, it is the process authors
use to develop characters and create
images of the characters for the
audience.
Characterization
There are two different approaches to
characterization:
1. Direct characterization- the author tells us
what he or she wants us to know about the
character.
2. Indirect characterization - the author shows
us things about the character to help us have
an understanding of the character's
personality and effect on other characters.
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
An acronym, PAIRS, can help you
recall the five methods of
characterization: physical description,
action, inner thoughts, reactions, and
speech.
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
1. Physical description - the character's physical
appearance is described. For example, characters might
be described as tall, thin, fat, pretty, etc. We might be
told the color of hair or something about the clothing of
the character. How the character dresses might reveal
something about the character. Does the character wear
old, dirty clothing, or stylish, expensive clothing?
Example:
crocodile– rough skin with big eyes
peahen– with beautiful feathers
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
2. Action/attitude/behavior - What the character does
tells us a lot about him/her, as well as how the character
behaves and his or her attitude. Is the character a good
person or a bad person? Is the character helpful to
others or selfish?
Example:
crocodile – He ate the peahen.
peahen – She listened carefully and began to
examine the crocodile’s looks.
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
3. Inner thoughts - What the character thinks
reveals things about the character. We discover
things about their personalities and feelings, which
sometimes helps us understand the character's
actions.
Example:
crocodile– He thought of getting married.
peahen– He thought that the big
eyes of the crocodile were diamonds.
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
4. Reactions - Effect on others or what the other
characters say and feel about this character. We learn
about the relationships among the characters. How
does the character make the other characters feel? Do
they feel scared, happy, or confused? This helps the
reader have a better understanding of all the
characters.
Example:
peahen– “I should be the happiest wife in the world.”
Characterization
Five Methods of Characterization
5. Speech - What the character says provides a great
deal of insight for the reader. The character might
speak in a shy, quiet manner or in a nervous
manner. The character might speak intelligently or in a
rude manner.
Example:
crocodile– He said aloud “I will give all that I have.”
peahen– She said to herself “ will marry the
crocodile.”