MORAL SOCIAL AND CULTURAL EDUCATION RESEARCH WORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN UAE GROUP NAME: Ziyam Majid Sayed Nasha Dawood Shah \ Questionnaire Q-) How are archaeological sites formed? Ans-) Archaeological sites usually form through human-related processes but can be subject to natural, post-depositional factors. Cultural remnants which have been buried by sediments are in many environments more likely to be preserved than exposed cultural remnants. Q-) How are archaeological sites preserved? Ans-) Archaeological site conservation have included reconstruction, reassembly (anastylosis), in situ preservation and protection including shelters and fabric consolidation, Example-) Situ preservation through removal, and excavation or reburial with or without site interpretation. Q-) How do archaeologists find sites? Ans-) Archaeologists have found sites through examination of air photos, various kinds of radar, including ground penetrating radar, and other indirect methods. Remote sensing techniques work best on sites that have features such as walls or deep pits that are distinctly different from the surrounding soil. Q-) How do archaeologists recover data from sites? Ans-) Archeologists use screens wooden frames with 1/4" to 1/8" screen to sift and recover artifacts from soils removed during excavation An archaeological site is a location (or collection of locations) where artifacts from previous human activity have been discovered and are still in tact. These artifacts may be prehistoric, historic, or modern, and they form a part of the archaeological record. Sites can include those with few or no apparent remnants above ground as well as ones with standing buildings and other structures. What Is an Archaeological Site? The manifestations of earlier human activity can be found at archaeological sites. Structures, artifacts, macro-, microscopic flora and fauna, as well as molecular evidence like lipids, DNA, and stable isotopes, can all serve as potential indicators of events that occurred within a place. Before or after excavation, site preservation and protection may be necessary. Modern archaeological resource management, particularly in Europe and North America, seeks to preserve sites with minimal intervention rather than by excavation due to the abundance ofarchaeological sites, changing patterns of financial resource allocation, and continually improving investigative scientific techniques Understanding what is likely to survive inside of archaeological sites and how these materials interact with their surroundings before and after excavation is necessary for their conservation. The survival of submerged archaeological sites will be determined by site development processes. How many Archeological sites are there in UAE? There are 11 archeological sites in UAE: • • • • • • • • • • • Hili Archaeological Park Jebel Hafeet Tombs Bida Bint Saud Baynunah Fossil Site Jumeirah Archaeological Site Hatta Heritage Village Wadi Al Helo Khor Fakkan Al Thuqaibah Sieh Al Herf Necropolis of Shimal Some of Our Favourite Archaeological Sites in UAE Al Thuqeibah In Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, close to the village of Al Madam is the Iron Age archaeological site known as Al Thuqeibah (UAE). In the middle of the 1990s, crews from the Autonomous University of Madrid began excavating the site. The Iron Age II and III periods are when Thuqeibah was built (1,100-400 BC). It has been connected to a neighboring Iron Age falaj system, which is believed to be from the Iron Age II period, and consists of a hamlet with many homes and a well. The residents of Thuqeibah kept sheep, according to an analysis of the site's artifacts, despite the fact that a sizable quantity of Iron Age arrowheads were also discovered there. The marriage of husbandry and hunting is compatible with the social change. Jumeirah Archaeological Site The Jumeirah Archaeological Site is a location in the Jumeirah neighborhood of the city of Dubai,United Arab Emirates, that dates back to the Abbasid era in the ninth century AD. Various ancient artifacts, including architectural and ornamental discoveries from a mosque,caravanserai, and residential buildings, as well as glazed ceramic jars and plateware, bronze coins, glass, and stone artifacts, were discovered during the first excavations in 1969. Dubai Culture & Arts Authority owns and operates it. The location was occupied as early as the Abbasid era, which was roughly in the 10th century CE, according to archaeological digs at the site, which was found in 1969. It appears to have been the coastline region of the Eastern Arabian subregion at this time. Bidaa Bint Saud In the Al-Ain Region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, is an archaeological site known as Bidaa Bint Saud. It is well-known for its Hafit Period tombs, Iron Age irrigation systems, and unusual remnants of an Iron Age edifice considered to have served as a distribution center for water from two aflaj (systems of underground and surface waterways). A UN World Heritage Site, it is. The Al Ain Nation al Museum has artifacts from the site on exhibit. The date of pottery from the aflaj (plural falaj) streams discovered at the site shows a south-eastern Arabian origin for this unique irrigation system, which was previously believed to be Persian in origin by many experts. The date of aflaj in Buraimi, Al Ain, and Bidaa bint Saud, which are all located in the historical region Baynunah Fossil site A form of hippopotamus that was smaller and more primitive than the hippopotamus that lives today in Africa was discovered among the animal fossils in the sediments. The fossilized elephants possessed four tusks as opposed to the two that modern elephants have. Six different antelope species and several giraffe species were discovered, which suggests a somewhat forested environment rather than a desert one. Three different kinds of prehistoric turtles were discovered there, including a very huge, land-dwelling, plant-eating turtl that resembled modern-day giant turtles.The river was home to at least three different species of fish, which fed crocodiles and land-based scavengers.Prehistoric animals from North and East Africa ,Pakistan, and China most closely match the fossils found in the Baynunah Geological Formation. Jebel Hafeet Tombs About 5,000 years ago, in the shadow of the steeply rising 1,160-metre Jebel Hafit, the early inhabitants of the Al Ain Region chose its northern and eastern slopes for a series of tombs for their dead. Hundreds of tombs have since been found in this area, with artefacts revealing trade links with ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), Iran and the Indus Valley (modern-day Pakistan and India). These Bronze Age tombs were built over a 500 year period between 3000 and 2500 BCE, with the most prominent located in a necropolis along the eastern foothills. Other tombs have been found along the crests of prominent hills and ridges from Jebel Hafit towards Al Ain city, about 20 kilometres to the north.TOMB ARCHITECTURE Each domed tomb comprises a single round or oval chamber about 2-3 m wide and constructed of uncut or rough-cut local rock. Ring walls encircle the chamber, rising to a height of 3-4 m. They slope inwards to meet to form a dome. The Jebel Hafit tombs had narrow entrances and each contained the remains between two and five people. This is in contrast to the later Umm an-Nar tombs in which hundreds of people were buried together.
