HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL?
Welcome!
The unit of competency, “Exercise Efficient and Effective
Sustainable Practices in the Workplace”, is one of the nine basic
competencies of level II qualifications which comprises the knowledge, skills
and attitudes for you to posses.
The module, “Exercising Efficient and Effective Sustainable
Practices in the Workplace”, contains training materials and activities for
you to complete. It is one of the modules required to complete a certain
qualification.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. Information
Sheet (IS) consists of learning contents that you need to attain while
reading. After IS is a Self-Check (SC) that will help you test yourself if you
have attained the larning objectives.
Task Sheets (TS), Job Sheets (JS) and Procedural Sheet (PS) are
activity sheets that will helpyopu practice the skills previously discussed in
the IS or demonstrated by your Learning Facilitator (LF). A Performance
Criteria Checklist (PCC) and Procedural Checklist (PC) are provided with
the TS or JS, and PS which will aloow for self-evaluaiton or peer evaluaiton.
These checklist may be used by your LF to evaluate your performance.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to
ask your LF for assistance.
The goal of this program is the development of practical skills. To gain
this skill, you must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most part,
you’ll get this informaiton from the IS.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency.
This will be the source of informaiton for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this competency independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision or help from your LF.
Remember to:
●
Work through all the information sheets and complete the
activities in each section.
● Read IS and complete SC. Suggested references are included to
supplement the materials provided in this module.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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● Perform ther TS, JS, and PS until you are confident that your
outputs conform to the PCC and/or PC that follows the sheets.
● Submit outputs of the TSs, and JSs to your LF for evaluation
and recording in the Achievement Chart. Outputs shall serve
as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency
Assessment. When you feel confident that you have had
sufficient practice, ask your LF to evaluate you. The results of
your Institutional Competency Assessment will be refelcted in
the Progress Chart.
You MUST pass the Institutional Competency Assessment for this
before moving to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be
awarded to you after passing the Institutional Competency Assessment.
Note:
Training is the sole purpose of this learning materials. Some pictures are taken
from google as references.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No.
Unit of Competency
Module Title
Basic Competencies
Code
1
Participate in
workplace
communication
Participate in workplace
communication
400311210
2
Work in a team
environment
Working in a team
environment
400311211
3
Solve/address General
Workplace Problems
Solving/addressing General
Workplace Problems
400311212
4
Develop Career and life
Decisions
Developing Career and life
Decisions
400311213
5
Contribute to
workplace innovation
Contributing to workplace
innovation
6
Present Relevant
Information
Presenting Relevant
Information
Practice Occupational
Safety and Health
Policies and Procedures
Exercise efficient and
effective Sustainable
practices in the
workplace
Practice
Entrepreneurial skills
in the workplace
Practicing Occupational
Safety and Health Policies
and Procedures
7
8
9
LGPC - QAS
Exercising efficient and
effective Sustainable
practices in the workplace
Practicing Entrepreneurial
skills in the workplace
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
400311214
400311215
400311216
400311217
400311218
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Competency - Based Learning Materials
1
How To Use This Competency-Based Learning Material
2
List Of Competencies
4
Table Of Contents
5
Module Content
6
Details Of Learning Outcome
8
Learning Experiences
9
Information Sheet 8.1-1
10
Self-Check 8.1-1
15
Answer Key 8.1-1
16
Information Sheet 8.1-2
17
Self-Check 8.1-2
24
Answer Key 8.1-2
26
Nformation Sheet 8.1-3
27
Self-Check 8.1-3
34
Answer Key 8.1-3
35
Information Sheet 8.1-4
36
Self-Check 8.1-4
45
Answer Key 8.1-4
46
Details Of Learning Outcome
47
Learning Experiences
48
Information Sheet 8.3-1
49
Self-Check 8.3-1
58
Answer Key 8.3-1
60
Acknowledgment
61
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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MODULE CONTENT
Qualification
:
Unit of Competency : Exercise efficient and effective sustainable
practices in the workplace
Module Title
: Exercising efficient and effective sustainable
practices in the workplace
Module Descriptor :
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to identify the
efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization, determine causes of
inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource utilization and convey in
efficient and ineffective environmental practices. This module covers
materials to use such as Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheets and
Performance Criteria Checklists.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Identify the efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization.
2. Determine causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource
utilization.
3. Convey inefficient and ineffective environmental practices.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Measure required resource utilization in the workplace using
appropriate techniques.
2. Record data in accordance with workplace protocol.
3. Compare recorded data to determine the efficiency and
effectiveness of resource utilization according to established
environmental work procedures.
4. List potential causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness.
5. Identify causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness through
deductive reasoning.
6. Validate causes of inefficiency and/or
established environmental procedures.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
ineffectiveness
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
thru
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7. Report efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization to
appropriate personnel.
8. Discuss concerns related resource utilization with appropriate
personnel.
9. Clarify feedback on information/concerns raised with appropriate
personnel.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
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DETAILS OF
LEARNING OUTCOME
Identify the efficiency and
effectiveness of resource
utilization
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
CONTENTS:
1. Importance of Environmental Literacy
2. Process of minimizing waste
3. Energy Efficiency
4. How to go green at work
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Measure required resource utilization in the workplace using
appropriate techniques.
2. Record data in accordance with workplace protocol.
3. Compare recorded data to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of
resource utilization according to established environmental work
procedures.
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools
Equipment
Projector
Materials/ Supplies
CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGY:
●
Group Discussion
●
Lecture
●
Demonstration
●
Simulation
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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ASSESSMENT METHOD
●
Demonstration
●
Written Test
●
Oral Questioning
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Problem
Learning Activities
Specific Instructions
1. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-1 in
Importance of
Environmental Literacy
Read and understand the information
sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
to determine your learning.
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.11 on
Refer your answers to the answer key 8.11 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
Importance of
Environmental Literacy
3. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-2 on Process of
minimizing waste
Read and understand the information
sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
to determine your learning.
4. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.12 on Process of minimizing
waste
Refer your answers to the answer key 8.12 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
5. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-3 on Energy
Efficiency
Read and understand the information
sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
to determine your learning.
6. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.13 on Energy Efficiency
Refer your answers to the answer key 8.13 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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7. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-4 on How to go
green at work
Read and understand the information
sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
to determine your learning.
8. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.14 on How to go green at
work
Refer your answers to the answer key 8.14 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss the steps in problem solving;
2. Identify a problem;
3. Value the skills of asking question to solve a problem.
Why Is Environmental Education Important?
Our nation’s future
relies on a well-educated
public to be wise stewards of
the very environment that
sustains us, our families and
communities, and future
generations.
It is environmental
education which can best
help us as individuals make
the complex, conceptual connections between economic prosperity, benefits
to society, environmental health, and our own well-being.
Ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through
education, will be the most compelling and most successful strategy for
environmental management.
Yet studies consistently reveal that the U.S. public suffers from a
tremendous environmental literacy gap that appears to be increasing rather
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
than decreasing. For example, two-thirds of the public fail even a basic
environmental quiz and a whopping 88 percent of the public fail a basic
energy quiz.
These same studies found that 45 million Americans think the ocean
is a source of fresh water and 130 million believe that hydropower is
America's top energy source.
Environmental education increases student engagement in science
In our schools, research has shown enormous benefits from
environmental education. When integrated into a science curriculum,
environmental education demonstrably improves student achievement in
science. Such an increase is likely due to the fact that environmental
education connects classroom learning to the real world.
Students, when given a choice, will gravitate towards environmental
science. Science fair administrators note that 40 percent of all science fair
projects relate directly to the environment, and the Corporation for National
and Community Service reports that more than 50 percent of the servicelearning programs they fund are focused on the environment.
The relative lack of environmental education in the U.S is one leading
cause for why our students’ performance in science compared to other
countries does not meet our expectations (see The Influence of
Environmental Education on U.S. Performance in TIMSS vs. NAEP).
Environmental education improves student achievement in core
subject areas
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Students participate in outdoor
environmental
education
when
integrated into the core curricula or
used as an integrating theme across the
curriculum, environmental education
has a measurably positive impact not
only on student achievement in science,
but
also
in
reading
(sometimes
spectacularly), math, and social studies.
The same study found that schools that taught the core subjects using
the environment as an integrating context also demonstrated:
●
Reduced discipline and classroom management problems;
●
Increased engagement and enthusiasm for learning; and,
●
Greater student pride and ownership in accomplishments.
Even more importantly for many, environmental education employs and
enhances critical thinking and basic life skills. The National Science Board
of the National Science Foundation confirmed the importance of
environmental education to student learning in their 2000 report,
Environmental Science and Engineering for the 21st Century:
"The twin goals of learning
are to acquire knowledge and
gain skills such as problem
solving, consensus building,
information
management,
communication, and critical
and creative thinking.
Environmental issues offer
excellent
vehicles
for
developing
and
exercising
many of these skills using a
systems approach…changes should be made in the formal educational
system to help all students, educators, and educational administrators learn
about the environment, the economy, and social equity as they relate to all
academic disciplines and their daily lives."
Likewise, the 2005 Report to Congress submitted by the National
Environmental Education Advisory Council on the status of environmental
education in the United States finds that "environmental education with its
emphasis on critical thinking, interdisciplinary teaching, and learner
achievement is also helping to meet educational reform goals."
Environmental education provides critical tools for a 21st century workforce
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Blackwater Wildlife Refuge Photo courtesy David OmanThe vast
majority of Americans are convinced that the environment will become at
least one of the dominant issues and challenges of the 21st century, as the
growing needs of the growing global population increasingly presses up
against the limits of the earth’s resources and ecosystems.
The National Science Foundation’s Advisory Committee for
Environmental Research and Education confirmed this in a 2003 report,
noting that "in the coming decades, the public will more frequently be called
upon to understand complex environmental issues, assess risk, evaluate
proposed environmental plans and understand how individual decisions
affect the environment at local and global scales. Creating a scientifically
informed citizenry requires a concerted, systematic approach to
environmental education..."
At the same time, business leaders increasingly believe that an
environmentally literate workforce is critical to their long-term success and
profitability, with better environmental practices and improved efficiencies
impacting positively on the bottom line while helping to better position and
prepare their companies for the future.
Charles O. Holliday, Jr., Chairman and CEO of DuPont, speaks for a
growing number of his peers in declaring that: "an environmentally
sustainable business is just good business, given the growing concern for
environmental problems across America.
A key component of an environmentally sustainable business is a
highly educated work force, particularly involving environmental principles."
As one example on the micro scale, the National Environmental and
Training Foundation estimates that environmental education about topics
such as energy, water and waste management, improved employee health,
cleaner working conditions, and recycling would save small and medium
sized businesses alone at least $25 billion/year.
Environmental Education helps address "nature deficit disorder"
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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A recent study found that children today spend an average of 6 hours
each day in front of the computer and TV but less than 4 minutes a day in
unstructured outdoor play, leading researchers to discover a new condition
specific to this current generation that they have called "nature deficit
disorder".
This extreme emphasis of indoor time spent in front of screens versus
outdoor play and discovery has been correlated with negative psychological
and physical effects including obesity, loneliness, depression, attention
problems and greater social isolation due to reduced time with friends and
family.
What do increase study of science and nature and its increased
outdoor time accomplish? Especially in the very young, it has proved in
studies extremely beneficial for cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of
attention deficit disorder.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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SELF-CHECK 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
A. SHORT ESSAY.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Why Is Environmental Education Important?
2. What do increase study of science and nature and its increased
outdoor time accomplish
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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ANSWER KEY 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
A. SHORT ESSAY
1. Why Is Environmental Education Important?
● It is environmental education which can best help us as
individuals make the complex, conceptual connections between
economic prosperity, benefits to society, environmental health,
and our own well being.
● Ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through
education, will be the most compelling and most successful
strategy for environmental management.
2. What do increase study of science and nature and its increased
outdoor time accomplish?
● Especially in the very young, it has proved in studies extremely
beneficial for cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of
attention deficit disorder.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-2
Process of Minimizing Waste
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss waste minimization technique;
2. Explain the 3 R’s of waste minimization;
3. Appreciate the benefits of waste minimization.
What is the Process of Minimizing Waste?
Every year, millions of tons
of waste is generated from both
households
and
building
construction, most of which ends
up in landfills with a small
percentage being recycled. Thus,
there is a great need for waste
minimization as this will not only
have a huge environmental
impact but also present substantial economic and social benefits.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
Issued by:
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Revision 01
Waste minimization entails limiting the amount of waste that is
generated thereby helping to eliminate the production of persistent and
harmful wastes effectively supporting efforts that promote a society that is
sustainable. Thus, waste minimization involves a change of societal patterns
that relate to production and consumption as well as redesigning products
to eliminate the generation of waste.
According to University of California,
“Waste Minimization is reduction in the quantity of hazardous wastes
achieved through a conscientious application of innovative or alternative
procedures. Simple adjustments to a process producing wastes (e.g. a
teaching lab experiment, a vehicle cleaning operation, etc.) may be the only
requirement to achieve some results. However, looking at the broader picture
in the University environment, it is often difficult to recognize waste reductions
due to the complex and changing growth patterns within the campus
community. Reductions are often offset by increased staff and student growth
and/or building construction.”
Benefits of Waste Minimization
While it is obvious that waste minimization supports sound business and
economic practices in addition to protecting the environment, other benefits
include the following:
●
Improved product quality – New technological practices and
innovation will not only reduce generation of waste but also contribute
to improved input quality that translates to improved products.
●
Economic benefits – Efficiency in product use translates to reduced
costs when purchasing materials thus significantly affecting financial
performance.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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●
Efficiency of production practices – Waste minimization will attain
more output of the product for every part of raw material.
●
Environmental responsibility – eliminating or minimizing generation
of waste will make it easy for you to achieve environmental policies,
standards and regulations.
●
Public image – Embracing waste minimization will boost the
reputation of your company, as it is a reflection of proactive movement
in the quest to protect the environment.
3 R’s of Waste Minimization
Waste minimization revolves around three R’s as follows:
Reduce
This calls for using resources
that are just enough to cater to
your needs for instance building a
smaller house. This is an effective
way of conserving resources as it
also lowers the costs. This can be
achieved
through
attaining
accuracy when ordering to ensure
that there is no waste or no material is sitting on the site for long periods
that it is damaged.
Reuse
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
Here, you will do well to
reuse existing materials and
buildings effectively reducing
the need for resources while
lowering waste volumes and
saving money.
A huge percentage of
resources are incorporated in
the construction of homes
owing to the mixed materials
that are used yet the end destination for most of them are landfills. Thus,
renovating a house is a much better option than bringing it down to put up
another one because a negligible fraction of the old house may be
reused/recycled.
Recycle
Using left over resources or
those resources that have reached
the end of their life minimizes the
need for new materials as well as
lowers the volume that ends up in
landfills.
Thus, it is advisable to use
materials that are recyclable as this
creates a market for the resources
that are recycled while also raising the price that recyclers pay for resources
that are recovered even as the recycling viability increases.
Waste Minimization Techniques
Optimization of resources
In order to reduce the quantity
of waste that is produced by
individuals or organizations calls for
the optimization of raw materials
used in production. For instance, a
dressmaker will do well to arrange the
pieces of pattern in a certain way
along the length of the fabric to use a
small portion of the fabric.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
Scrap metal reuse
Incorporating scraps into the
initial stages of manufacturing is a
surefire way of ensuring that they do
not end up in landfills as waste
products. A majority of industries
embrace this process effectively
returning rolls that are damaged to
the initial production line and in the
manufacturing of off cuts, plastic
items so that scrap is re-incorporated in the new commodities.
Quality control improvement and process monitoring
Measures can be put in place to
control the number of rejects and
ensure it is at a minimum. This may
be
achieved
through
increased
frequency of inspection as well as
increasing the number of inspection
points. For instance, installation of
continuous monitoring device that is
automated will help in identifying
production problems before they get to
an advanced stage.
Exchange of Waste
Here, the waste products from one process
are used as raw materials for other processes.
Exchange of waste is another means of
minimizing waste disposal volumes especially for
waste that may not be eliminated.
Shipping to the point of use
Here, raw materials as well as other
components are directly delivered at the
point of assembly or manufacturing plant
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
ostensibly to minimize handling and use of enclosures and protective
wrappings.
Zero waste
This systems approach is designed to
eliminate waste from the source as well as at
every point of the supply chain to ensure that no
waste is produced. This design philosophy places
emphasis on waste prevention and not waste
management at the end of production line.
Waste Minimization for Households
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Households can practice waste minimization by employing various
techniques. One of the ways to achieve this is through purchasing adequate
sizes and amounts of food.
Purchasing large containers of paint
when taking small decorating jobs or
purchasing large volumes of food than you
need will result in wastage. In instances
where cans or packs may be thrown the
remains of the containers should be removed
to allow for recycling of the container.
Home composting, thoughtful use of
electricity as well as reducing the number of
car journeys is also a great way of waste
minimization.
Generally,
buying
fewer
products or products that last longer,
mending worn or broken equipment or
clothing can also minimize household waste.
Additionally, households can also
minimize wastage of water and cycle or walk
to various destinations as opposed to using
cars thereby saving on fuel. Overall, personal
waste reduction will have an effect on the
general waste volumes. Consumers may also
shun products without eco-labeling.
Waste Minimization in Building Construction
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
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Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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An assessment of streams of waste shows that energy savings may be
achieved at minimal cost or no cost within the construction sector.
Consequently, the environmental impact of materials may be reduced
significantly with reuse.
While at it, it is important to ensure you work with the concerned
authorities that include local councils, regional waste authorities, landfill
operator or waste recycling contractors. Some of the construction materials
that may be recycled include steel, aluminum, gypsum plasterboard, timber,
concrete, glass, carpet, plastics as well as bricks and tiles.
It is important to put in place waste minimization strategies that have
been agreed upon by both the parties. A team approach is highly effective in
reducing waste.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-2
Process of Minimizing Waste
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. This systems approach is designed to eliminate waste from the
source as well as at every point of the supply chain to ensure that
no waste is produced.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
1.
2.
3.
4.
Optimization of resources
Scrap metal reuse
Exchange of waste
Zero waste
2. Using left over resources or those resources that have reached the
end of their life minimizes the need for new materials as well as
lowers the volume that ends up in landfills.
a. Zero waste
b. Recycle
c. Reduce
d. Reuse
3. It entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated thereby
helping to eliminate the production of persistent and harmful
wastes effectively supporting efforts that promote a society that is
sustainable.
a. Waste minimization
b. Scrap metal reuse
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste
4. It is a minimization technique where, the waste products from one
process are used as raw materials for other processes.
a. Optimization of resources
b. Scrap metal reuse
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste
5. Any operation by which products or components that are not waste
are used again for the same purpose for which they were
conceived.
a. Recycle of waste
b. Reuse of waste
c. Reduce of waste
d. Zero waste
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
ANSWER KEY 8.1-2
Process of Minimizing Waste
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. B
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
3. A
4. C
5. B
NFORMATION SHEET 8.1-3
Energy Efficiency
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
1.
Explain the reason for conserving energy;
2.
Distinguish energy consumption and energy conservation;
3.
Appreciate the importance of energy efficiency.
Why conserve energy in the first place?
Energy conservation is important and beneficial for many reasons.
You can save money, increase your property value, and protect the
environment all through simple energy-saving measures.
These are great benefits you can gain from saving energy no matter
your exact motivation for conservation in the first place. By simply taking a
small step towards living a more energy-conscious lifestyle, you can begin to
enjoy all of the perks of being energy efficient.
What is energy efficiency?
The
term
‘energy
efficiency’ is used a lot these
days. Labels on appliances,
advertisements from energy
companies
and
even
promises
from
the
government all use the
phrase, but what does it
really mean?
Something is more energy efficient if it lasts longer or works better
than a traditional version of the same appliance, but uses the same amount
of energy. Or even if it delivers the same performance as the traditional
version, but uses less energy.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Ultimately,
energy
efficiency means doing more
with less: that is, squeezing as
much useful power out of as
little energy as possible, and
not letting any go to waste.
Take an old-style light bulb,
for example. These bulbs
produced light, but wasted a
lot of heat in the process. New
energy-saving light bulbs create the same amount of light without creating
wasted heat, and they use less energy in the first place.
The same principle applies to all kinds of energy-saving appliances.
An energy-efficient fridge will use less energy than an old model but still
keep your food cool, while an energy-efficient washing machine will get your
clothes smelling fresh and clean without using as much power as an older
version.
The term energy efficiency can also be used in a wider sense. Instead
of focusing on the energy efficiency of a single item (such as an appliance),
we can also look at the energy efficiency of whole buildings.
If two buildings are supplied with the same amount of energy to create
heat, the building that can generate and retain the most heat – rather than
only creating a little heat and then losing it – is the more energy-efficient
building.
Why do we need to be energy efficient?
Energy
consumption
has
grown
incredibly fast over the last few decades.
We are in danger of using up the planet’s
natural resources, of destroying vital
habitats and polluting the air we need to
breathe.
Energy efficiency is a way of managing
and limiting this growth in energy
consumption, to save wildlife habitats, safeguard the planet, and make sure
there is energy left for future generations.
What do we mean by energy conservation, and what’s the definition of
energy consumption?
Energy consumption is the amount of energy used up by a process, system
or appliance – or by a country, person or business.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
Energy conservation simply means using less energy, or even none at all.
Why is energy efficiency important?
Energy efficiency is playing an increasingly vital role in our lives, for three
main reasons:
The environment
The more energy we use, the more
carbon emissions are pumped into
the atmosphere and the more our
reserves of natural resources such as
oil, coal and gas are depleted. We
need to reduce our reliance on these
energy sources, and one way to do
that is to make sure we all use
energy as efficiently as possible.
The economy
The global economy is based heavily
on oil and gas, and as these
resources dwindle their cost will
increase,
causing
financial
imbalances around the world and
resulting in energy poverty in many
areas of society.
Your bank balance!
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
Nobody wants to pay more than they
have to for everyday necessities like
heating and hot water, so it makes
sense to be energy efficient. That
way you fulfil your energy needs
while paying as little as possible.
How can you be more energy efficient?
If you want to know how to be more
energy efficient, the first place to start is
to make sure your home and all your
electrical appliances work as efficiently as
possible. It isn’t energy efficient to throw
out all your old products and replace
them with new, energy-saving items;
instead, wait until they wear out and then replace them.
Here are a few ideas to get you started:
Use less electricity
The first rule of saving electricity is:
don’t leave appliances on standby.
Ofcourse you need to leave your fridge
and freezer on full time, and maybe your
alarm system – and you may need to leave
the TV or satellite box on to record your
favourite programmes. But for practically
everything else electrical: when you’re not
using them, switch them off at the wall.
Rechargeable batteries can also be a good choice. Just make sure you
get top-quality ones that will last and hold their charge. You could also
invest in a ‘smart charger’ that can prevent your batteries from
overcharging.
If you want to make your laptop more energy efficient, you can get an
Ecobutton. It plugs into a USB port, and flashes to remind you to press if
you decide to stop using your computer for a while. It can then put your
computer into its most efficient energy-saving mode. When you log on again,
you can see on screen how much money and CO2 you’ve saved.
Switch to energy-saving light bulbs
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
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Diovel V. Poblador
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Energy-efficient bulbs use up to
80% less electricity than traditional light
bulbs and can keep going for ten times as
long.
Brightening rooms with efficient
LED bulbs can save households about
$100 a year, adding up to national
savings of around $12.5 billion (if LEDs
were universally adopted) while cutting
carbon emissions generated by electricity
production.
More than 150 varieties of LED bulbs—the most efficient lighting
choice—are on the market. They use up to 90 percent less energy than
older, incandescent bulbs, allowing you to save up to $100 on energy bills
over a bulb’s lifetime.
Why Is It Important to Use Less Energy?
Using
less
energy
through
efficiency measures is good for the
economy and your wallet. By reducing
the amount of energy required for
certain tasks, energy efficiency is also
good for the planet.
It can help to reduce air and water
pollution caused by certain types of
energy generation and avoid negative impacts on critical ecosystems—such
as the obstacles a new hydroelectric dam could impose on migrating
salmon. It can also relieve stress on the power grid.
Cutting Carbon Pollution
Boosting energy efficiency in
buildings, vehicles, and appliances and
equipment is an inexpensive, low-impact
way to reduce climate pollution on a
grand scale. One extremely effective way
to cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is
through a more efficient home.
Widespread use of efficient appliances, electronics, equipment and
lighting, along with better insulation and other weatherization, could cut
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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550 million metric tons of carbon pollution a year by 2050—equal to the
electric power emissions produced by Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois,
Virginia, and California in 2016.
More than 2.2 million Americans have jobs in energy efficiency or
clean energy production. That’s more
than five times the jobs in the dirty
energy industries, including coal, gas,
and oil. In fact, about one in every six
construction jobs in the country is
connected to energy efficiency.
Lowering Bills
Energy-efficient appliances can
save a U.S. household up to $500 a year
on utility bills. People who live in the five
least-efficient states (Wyoming, North
Dakota, Alabama, South Dakota, and
Mississippi) have seen their electric bills
increase twice as much as those who live
in
the
five
most-efficient
states
(California,
Oregon,
Connecticut,
Vermont, and New York), according to
2016 rankings.
Low-income urban households have an energy burden—the
proportion of income spent on energy—three times higher than that of
higher-income households, partially due to lack of weatherization. Similarly,
the energy burden on low-income rural families is nearly three times that of
other rural households.
Improving Lives
Energy efficiency can also help
people live healthier, longer lives. Cutting
nationwide energy consumption by 15
percent for one year via efficiency
measures could help save six American
lives a day and avoid up to $20 billion in
health-related problems.
When power plants burn coal, oil, and natural gas, they release tiny
particles into the air we breathe; these particles are linked to asthma, heart
attacks, and lung cancer. Inside a home, inefficient ventilation and
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
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Developed by:
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Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
weatherization can also contribute to respiratory illnesses. Energy efficiency
can even improve the comfort of everyday life, which may not be factored
into benefit statistics.
Strengthening Independence
On a larger scale, energy efficiency can improve energy security, creating a
more resilient power grid and making the country less dependent on foreign
sources of fossil fuels.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-3
Energy Efficiency
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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A. Short Essay Question
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Why conserving energy is important?
2. Why is it important to use less energy?
3. How can you be more energy efficient?
4. Why do we need to be energy efficient?
ANSWER KEY 8.1-3
Energy Efficiency
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
A. Short Essay Questions
1. Why conserving energy is important?
● Energy conservation is important and beneficial for many
reasons. You can save money, increase your property value, and
protect the environment all through simple energy-saving
measures.
2. Why is it important to use less energy?
● Using less energy through efficiency measures is good for the
economy and your wallet. By reducing the amount of energy
required for certain tasks, energy efficiency is also good for the
planet. It can help to reduce air and water pollution caused by
certain types of energy generation and avoid negative impacts
on critical ecosystems—such as the obstacles a new
hydroelectric dam could impose on migrating salmon. It can
also relieve stress on the power grid.
3. How can you be more energy efficient?
● The first place to start is to make sure your home and all your
electrical appliances work as efficiently as possible. It isn’t
energy efficient to throw out all your old products and replace
them with new, energy-saving items; instead, wait until they
wear out and then replace them.
4. Why do we need to be energy efficient?
● Energy consumption has grown incredibly fast over the last few
decades. We are in danger of using up the planet’s natural
resources, of destroying vital habitats and polluting the air we
need to breathe.
● Energy efficiency is a way of managing and limiting this growth
in energy consumption, to save wildlife habitats, safeguard the
planet, and make sure there is energy left for future
generations.
INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-4
How to go green at work
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
1. Identify the steps how to go green at work;
2. Appreciate the need to save energy at work;
3. Create a healthier workplace environment.
If you are already taking
environmentally friendly steps at
home, it's a natural extension to
take similar measures at work,
both to save energy and to create
a
healthier
workspace
environment.
Making the environment more
pleasant for yourself, energy
efficient, and eco-friendly will
increase your enjoyment of the
workplace and lessen its impact
on the environment as a whole.
Being energy and resource efficient and conscious of improving the
health and well-being of the work environment will also reduce the costs
of running a business. It's time to "go green" at work, and here is how.
Steps
1. Feel empowered. You don't need to
be management to institute change;
your role as someone who cares
about improving the energy
efficiency and healthiness of your
workplace is just as vital as those
able to make the "big decisions".
In fact, change from the bottom-up is
often a lot more effective as everyone
has "buy-in". And just because you
don't
make
the
purchasing
decisions, it doesn't mean you can't influence them.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Do your research, point out the financial savings to management, and
enlist the enthusiasm of your team members too. Tell them about the
research that shows a happier workplace is more productive and creative,
with less absenteeism. Encourage them to take this further by considering
how to bring sustainable happiness into the work environment. Find the
information, show by doing, and create the momentum, all just because
you care.
2. Conserve
your
computer's
energy.
For many people with
desk jobs the computer is
necessary to get things done. Yet,
this "efficiency" comes at a cost it is estimated that people waste
over $1 billion in electricity every
year just in computer use! To
help conserve energy from your
computer use, you can:
LGPC - QAS
o
Invest in an energy-saving computer, monitor and printer - it's
easy to find these computers thanks to the Energy Star label in
the USA. The energy savings rating is available in many other
countries as well.
o
Switch to energy-saving settings - the Climate Savers
Computing Initiative recommends these power management
settings:
▪
Monitor and display sleep: Turn off after 15 minutes or
less;
▪
Turn off hard drives and hard disk sleep: 15 minutes or
less; and
▪
System standby or sleep: After 30 minutes or less.
o
Set the computer to sleep mode when you are away for short
periods of time. And don't use a screensaver - these use energy
rather than save it, and you are much better off relying on the
power management features to power down to lowest energy
use, or sleep mode. A computer in sleep mode can save 60-70%
of power.
o
Turn off your computer whenever you’re not using it, especially
when leaving work. And note that it isn't true that turning your
computer on and off will wear it out.
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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o
Switch to a laptop or a thin client. Laptops and thin clients use
less energy than desktop computers.
3. Turn off all peripherals when not in use. Peripherals such as
printers, video cards,
speakers, and
scanners continue to
consume power even
when not in use.
Unplug them and
save energy.
a. Unplug power
adapters when not in use.
b. Unplug battery chargers and other chargers when the charging
is complete, otherwise they are still consuming energy.
c. Use a power strip as a central turn-off point to reduce the
number of switching off actions required.
4. Reduce printer use. The
printer is one of the most
used office items. Every day
it cranks out tons of
important faxes, emails and
other documents. Here are
some ways you make your
printer use greener:
e. Don't print unnecessarily. Most stuff can be handled online or
on-screen. Learn to increase the font or zoom in if you need to
see better.
f. Try not to print in color - learn how to Cut Printing Costs on an
Inkjet Color Printer.
g. Use a printer that does double-sided copying (also called
duplexing). If your workplace doesn't have this, request that
such a printer be added to the network and designate that one
for the big printing jobs.
h. Print in draft mode. In addition, try to print more screen pages
to a paper page. Printing two screen pages per printed page is
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
still readable and double-sided, that means four screen pages
per one paper page—a huge paper savings!
i. Recycle ink and toner cartridges - learn how to Refill and Reuse
a Printer Cartridge.
j. Try to use a multifunction device. This is a combination of
printer/scanner/copier in one. Especially if it is Energy Star
rated, it can save both energy and space.
5. Reduce your paper waste. Do you have to print out every email
and handout? Reduce paper waste by deciding to go paperless
wherever possible. You can
try to:
a. Keep
copies
of
important emails, files,
and more on your
computer, or share
them online or in the
cloud.
b. Use old paper with
extra space to print small documents.
c. Don’t get any extra catalogs or magazines mailed to your
office. Use a sharing system to pass around interesting
materials between everyone's in-trays, or get off mailing lists
entirely and consult such matter online. This saves paper
and money, and it cuts down on clutter.
d. Get your check directly deposited. Payment direct to your
bank account saves paper, and it's likely to save you time,
too.
e. Send company updates through email instead of on paper.
f. Use just one paper towel each time you wash your hands.
6. Prioritize your paper use. When you do use paper, make ecofriendly paper choices. Here
are some things you can do:
a. Buy
recycled
and
chlorine-free paper.
b. Try paper made from
organic products like
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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Revision 01
bamboo, cotton or hemp.
c. Print on both sides of the paper.
d. Shred old paper to use as packing material.
e. Save and reuse old boxes.
f. Use old sheets of paper for scrap paper or note taking. Use
mistake prints as scribble paper, or send a stack along to
your children's daycare or school for artwork use.
7. Reduce energy usage. Along with reducing the energy usage of
your
computer
and
peripherals, there are several
broader ways to reduce
energy
usage
in
the
workplace:
a. Replace your desk lamp
light bulbs and
overhead lights (where
possible) with compact
fluorescent light bulbs or LEDs qualified with the Energy
Star rating. These bulbs use 75% less energy than
incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times as long. You may
have to ask whoever is in charge of facilities for help with
changing building lighting.
b. Turn lights off when nobody is using a space. Where the
lighting controls are on automatic override, talk to building
management about having the settings changed to only use
sufficient lighting for security and safety purposes, rather
than over-lighting the whole building. Request motion
sensing light switches, to turn off unused lights
automatically.
c. During cold weather, keep blinds open to let the warmth in;
during warm weather, keep blinds pulled to close out the
heat of the summer sun.
d. Keep windows and vents clear of obstructions, to allow the
free flow of air.
e. Use Energy Star rated programmable thermostats to adjust
heating and cooling in the building automatically to avoid
wasting energy, especially when no one is around.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
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Diovel V. Poblador
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f. Get an Energy Star qualified water cooler. These use half the
energy as standard units.
g. Turn off projectors and screens in conference rooms when
not in use.
8. Maintain healthy airflow. It is already bad enough that you have
to worry about air pollution
every time you walk outside,
but it is also a big priority
when you work inside. If you
work in an office, cubicle, or
workshop, it's likely that you're
spending most of your time
indoors.
A Canadian survey found that
people spend over 96% of time at home indoors and over 83% of time
at work or school indoors, equaling about 40 or more hours at your
desk, office, or cubicle. Here are some ways that you can maintain a
healthy air flow in your office:
a. Use non-toxic cleaning products, and encourage cleaning
staff to do the same. Water-dampened cloths are sufficient to
clean most dusty work spaces.
b. Open your windows to increase air flow. If you can't open
windows, be sure to take outdoor breaks throughout the day.
c. Don’t smoke in or near the office.
d. Never bring any aerosol can to work.
e. Use an air purifier to get rid of contaminants.
9. Green your desk, cubicle, office... literally. Get a plant and place
it on or near your desk. Better
yet, buy plants for all of your
neighbors. They will not only
see this as a friendly gesture,
but they’ll also have cleaner
air to breathe. Plants absorb
indoor
air
pollution
and
increase the flow of oxygen, so
get a green accessory to
complement your desk. Check out wiki How's article on how to
choose a good office plant.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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10. Recycle. There are many items in your office that you can
recycle. If you do not have a
recycling station at work, start
one on your own. You can get
a few bins and post recycling
guidelines above them. Some
of them may include recycling:
a. Paper products like copy
paper, envelopes,
magazines, etc.
b. Cardboard boxes from shipped supplies;
c. Soda cans and plastic bottles;
d. Aluminum foil;
e. Plastic bags;
f. Ink cartridges; and
g. Edible items (see next).
11. Eat green and healthy. Everyone looks forward to their lunch
break. You can save a good
amount of money (about
$3,000 a year) by not going
out to eat every day and
instead packing your lunch.
Follow these lunch tips to
have healthier, greener eating
habits:
a. Pack your lunch in a
reusable lunch bag or box. Bento boxes are popular, allowing
you to have a delicious, healthy variety every lunch.
b. If you bring your lunch in a paper or plastic bag, recycle it.
Plastic bags can be washed and left standing upside down
overnight to dry.
c. Use containers, mugs, and silverware that can be washed
and used again.
LGPC - QAS
Basic Competency Module 8 Exercising Efficient and
Effective Sustainable Practices
in The Workplace
Date Developed:
July 23, 2020
Developed by:
Michael B. Balberona Jr.
Diovel V. Poblador
Document No.
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d. Switch to organic food and drinks.
e. Drink from the fountain instead of bringing water bottles.
You can bring your own durable, reusable water bottle for
constant refills.
f. Use a ceramic or glass coffee cup instead of paper or plastic.
g. Recycle your soda cans, bottles and aluminum foil.
h. Use a washable napkin instead of paper towels.
i. Walk to a healthy lunch eatery if you forget to pack your
lunch.
j. If there is a break room, ask that dish soap be provided
there, so you can wash your reusable cups and flatware, and
simply leave them at work.
12. Travel green. The first part of your workday starts with getting
to work, and for many people
that means driving.
Cars emit tons of carbon dioxide
gases into the air, contributing
to greenhouse gases. Getting
stuck in a traffic jam regularly is
also bound to increase your
stress levels. Here are some
ideas you can do for a green ride:
a. Join a ride share or
carpool.
b. Take the train, bus or subway.
c. Ride a bike or walk if you live close enough.
d. Invest in a hybrid or electric car, but remember that the
energy to power it must still come from somewhere.
e. Reduce your travel by telecommuting, or working from home
whenever possible. This option is becoming increasingly
viable for many office-based jobs, and if your workplace
offers it, look into the potential of using it for at least some of
your work week.
f. Reduce your air travel, too. You'll save time, money, and
significant greenhouse gas emissions by phoning or
teleconferencing in to a meeting, instead of flying to be there.
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13. Spread the word. The best way to stay involved in the green
scene at work is to get
others involved. Share your
practices and wisdom with
your boss and co-workers.
You can do this by:
a. Creating a Green
Team. The US
Environmental
Protection Agency
suggests creating a Green Team that includes everyone from
the CEO to the office intern and to set a goal to make your
building the most energy efficient one in your country.
b. Encouraging the office to join or start a recycling program.
c. Purchasing company carbon credits.
d. Buying eco-friendly office products.
e. Setting up a carpool calendar.
f. Making green actions fun. Get everyone to pack their lunch
and eat together. Not only do you get to share tasty morsels,
but it's a great chance to get to know your coworkers outside
the daily work grind.
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in The Workplace
Date Developed:
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SELF-CHECK 8.1-4
How to go green at work
A. Enumeration
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. Give the 13 steps of how to go green at work.
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ANSWER KEY 8.1-4
How to go green at work
A. Enumeration
1.
Give the 13 steps on how to go green at work
a. Feel empowered
b. Conserve your computer’s energy
c. Turn off all peripherals when not in use
d. Reduce printer use
e. Reduce your paper waste
f. Prioritize your paper use
g. Reduce energy use
h. Maintain healthy airflow
i. Green desk, cubicle, office
j. Recycle
k. Eat green and healthy
l. Travel green
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Effective Sustainable Practices
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Date Developed:
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DETAILS OF
LEARNING OUTCOME
Convey inefficient and ineffective
environmental practices
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
CONTENTS:
1. The eight ways of Lean
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Plan implementation of solutions
2. Plan evaluation of implemented solutions
3. Document recommended solution and submit to appropriate person
for confirmation
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools
Equipment
Projector
Materials/ Supplies
CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGY:
●
Group Discussion
●
Lecture
●
Demonstration
●
Role Playing
ASSESSMENT METHOD
●
Demonstration
●
Oral Questioning
●
Observation
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 3: Recommend solutions to Problems
Learning Activities
Specific Instructions
1. Read
INFORMATION Read and understand the information
SHEET 8.3-1 in the eight sheet. After reading, answer the selfcheck to determine your learning.
ways of Lean
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.3-1 Refer your answers to the answer key
8.3-1 for self-check. You are required
on the eight ways of Lean
to get ALL answers correct. If not,
read the information sheet again to
answer all questions correctly.
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-1
The Eight Ways of Lean
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
1. Identify the eight wastes of lean;
2. Develop habits that would reduce waste in daily routine;
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving
into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is.
Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the
customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not
want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the
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Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The
seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting,
Overproduction, Over-processing and Defects.
They are often referred to by the acronym ‘TIMWOOD’. The 8th waste of
non-utilized talent or ‘Skills’ of workers was later introduced in the 1990s
when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western.
As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as ‘TIMWOODS’. In
the following section we will examine each of these wastes in detail.
1. Transport
Waste in transportation includes movement of people, tools,
inventory, equipment, or products further than necessary. Excessive
movement of materials can lead to product damage and defects.
Additionally, excessive movement of people and equipment can lead to
unnecessary work, greater wear and tear, and exhaustion.
In the office, workers who collaborate with each other often
should be close together. In the factory, materials necessary for
production should be easily accessible at the production location and
double or triple handling of materials should be avoided.
Some of the countermeasures to transportation waste includes
developing a U-shape production line, creating flow between
processes, and not over-producing work in process (WIP) items.
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Illustration of Transportation Waste (LeanOp)
2. Inventory
Often times it is difficult
to think about excess inventory
as
waste.
In
accounting,
inventory is seen as an asset
and oftentimes suppliers give
discount for bulk purchases.
But having more inventory than
necessary to sustain a steady
flow of work can lead to
problems including: product
defects or damage materials, greater lead time in the production process, an
inefficient allocation of capital, and problems being hidden away in the
inventory.
Excess inventory can be caused by over-purchasing, overproducing
work in process (WIP), or producing more products than the customer
needs. Excess inventory prevents detecting production-related problems
since defects have time to accumulate before it is discovered. As a result,
more
work
will
be
needed
to
correct
the
defects.
In-office inventory waste could be files waiting to be worked on,
customers waiting for service, unused records in a database, or obsolete
files. Manufacturing inventory waste could include broken machines sitting
around, more finished products than demanded, extra materials taking up
work
space,
and
finished
products
that
cannot
be
sold.
Some countermeasures for inventory include: purchasing raw
materials only when needed and in the quantity needed, reducing buffers
between production steps, and creating a queue system to prevent
overproduction.
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Illustration of Inventory Waste (LeanOp)
3. Motion
The waste in motion includes any unnecessary movement of people,
equipment, or machinery. This includes walking, lifting, reaching, bending,
stretching, and moving. Tasks that require excessive motion should be
redesigned to enhance the work of personnel and increase the health and
safety
levels.
In the office, wasted motion can include walking, reaching to get
materials, searching for files, sifting through inventory to find what is
needed, excess mouse clicks, and double entry of data. Manufacturing
motion waste can include repetitive movements that do not add value to the
customer, reaching for materials, walking to get a tool or materials, and
readjusting
a
component
after
it
has
been
installed.
Some countermeasures for motion include making sure the
workspace is well organized, placing equipment near the production
location, and putting materials at an ergonomic position to reduce
stretching and straining.
Illustration of Motion Waste (LeanOp)
4. Waiting
The waste of waiting includes: 1) people waiting on material or
equipment and 2) idle equipment. Waiting time is often caused by
unevenness in the production stations and can result in excess inventory
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and
overproduction.
In the office, waiting waste can include waiting for others to respond to an
email, having files waiting for review, ineffective meetings, and waiting for
the computer to load a program. In the manufacturing facility, waiting waste
can include waiting for materials to arrive, waiting for the proper
instructions to start manufacturing, and having equipment with insufficient
capacity.
Some countermeasures for waiting include: designing processes to ensure
continuous flow or single piece flow, leveling out the workload by using
standardized work instructions, and developing flexible multi-skilled
workers
who
can
quickly
adjust
in
the
work
demands.
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Illustration of Waiting Waste (LeanOp)
5. Overproduction
Overproduction occurs when manufacturing a product or an element
of the product before it is being asked for or required. It may be tempting to
produce as many products as possible when there is idle worker or
equipment time.
However, rather than producing products just when they are needed
under the ‘Just In Time’ philosophy, the ‘Just In Case’ way of working leads
a host of problems including preventing smooth flow of work, higher storage
costs, hiding defects inside the WIP, requiring more capital expenditure to
fund the production process, and excessive lead-time.
Additionally, over-producing a product also leads to an increase in
likelihood that the product or quantities of products produced are beyond
the
customer’s
requirements.
In an office environment, overproduction could include making extra
copies, creating reports no one reads, providing more information than
needed, and providing a service before the customer is ready. Manufacturing
overproduction involves producing more products than demanded through a
‘push production system’ or producing products in higher batch sizes than
needed.
There are three countermeasures for overproduction. Firstly, using a
‘Takt Time’ ensures that the rate of manufacturing between stations are
even. Secondly, reducing setup times enables manufacturing small batches
or single-piece flow. Thirdly, using a pull or ‘Kanban’ system can control the
amount
of
WIP.
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Illustration of Overproduction Waste (LeanOp)
6. Over-processing
Over-processing refers to doing more work, adding more components,
or having more steps in a product or service than what is required by the
customer. In manufacturing this could include using a higher precision
equipment than necessary, using components with capacities beyond what
is required, running more analysis than needed, over-engineering a solution,
adjusting a component after it has already been installed, and having more
functionalities in a product than needed.
In the office, over-processing can include generating more detailed
reports than needed, having unnecessary steps in the purchasing process,
requiring unnecessary signatures on a document, double entry of data,
requiring more forms than needed, and having an extra step in a workflow.
One simple way to counter over-processing is to understand the work
requirements from the standpoint of the customer. Always have a customer
in
mind before starting work, produce to the level of quality and expectation
that the customer desires, and make only the quantities needed.
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Illustration of Over-processing Waste (LeanOp)
7. Defects
Defects occurs when the product is not fit for use. This typically
results in either reworking or scrapping the product. Both results are
wasteful as they add additional costs to the operations without delivering
any
value
to
the
customer.
Here are four countermeasures for defects. Firstly, look for the most
frequent defec and focus on it. Secondly, design a process to detect
abnormalities and do not pass any defective items along the production
process. Thirdly, redesign the process so that does not lead to defects.
Lastly, use standardize work to ensure a consistent manufacturing process
that
is
defect
free.
Illustration of Defects Waste (LeanOp)
8. Skills - The 8th Waste
Even though it was not part of the Toyota Production System (TPS),
many people are well aware of the 8th waste - the waste of human potential.
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The 8th waste is also described as the waste of unused human talent and
ingenuity.
This waste occurs when organizations separate the role of
management from employees. In some organizations, management’s
responsibility is planning, organizing, controlling, and innovating the
production process. The employee’s role is to simply follow orders and
execute the work as planned.
By not engaging the frontline worker’s knowledge and expertise, it is
difficult to improve processes. This is due to the fact that the people doing
the work are the ones who are most capable of identifying problems and
developing
solutions
for
them.
In the office, non-utilized talent could include insufficient training,
poor incentives, not asking for employee feedback, and placing employees in
positions below their skills and qualifications. In manufacturing, this waste
can be seen when employees are poorly trained, employees not knowing how
to effectively operate equipment, when employees are given the wrong tool
for the job, and when employees are not challenged to come up with ideas to
improve
the
work.
Illustration of Skills Waste (LeanOp)
Identifying and Eliminating the 8 Wastes
The first step to reducing waste is recognizing that they exist and
having an effective process for identifying them. Value Stream Mapping
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(VSM) is a Lean management method for analyzing the current state and
designing a future state.
It shows the flow of
information and material
as they occur. VSM is an
effective tool for mapping
out the processes involved,
displaying the relationship
between
production
processes in a visual
manner, and for separating
value-added
and
nonvalue-added
activities.
In order to identify wastes, use the VSM and start with the end
customer in mind. Work backwards from the end customer to the start of
the production processes. Document instances of the 8 wastes in the
processes and develop a plan for eliminating or reducing them.
Continue challenging your team to find more wastes and continuously
improve your processes. Engage with the frontline workers and elicit their
ideas for improvement. As your team begins reducing efficiencies, they will
gain more confidence in their problem-solving capabilities and over time
reducing waste becomes a part of their daily routine.
SELF-CHECK 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the
customer.
a. Inventory
b. Product
c. Wastes
d. Motion
2. It refers to doing more work, adding more components, or having
more steps in a product or service than what is required by the
customer
a. Over-processing
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b. Over-production
c. Motion
d. Waste
3. Wasted time, resources and costs when unnecessary moving
products and materials
a. Over-processing
b. Over-production
c. Transportation
d. Defects
4. It is a waste occurs when organizations separate the role of
management from employees.
a. Skills waste
b. Defects
c. Transportation
d. Motion
5. Wastes resulting from excess products and materials that are not
processed.
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
6. Waste from making more product than customers demand.
a. Over-processing
b. Over- production
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
7. Wasted time and effort related to unnecessary movements by
people.
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Motion
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8. Wastes from a product or service failure to meet customer
expectations.
a. Unused talent
b. Inventory
c. Waiting
d. Defects
9. Wastes from time spent waiting for the next process step to occur.
a. Waiting
b. Defects
c. Motion
d. Skills
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Countermeasures for motion wastes in the workplace includes
workspace is well organized,
placing equipment nearing the production location, and
putting materials at an ergonomic position
All of the above
ANSWER KEY
8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
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8. D
9. A
10. D
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
http://www.fundee.org/campaigns/nclb/whyee.htm
https://dynamixproject.eu/sites/default/files/WP2%20D2%202%20Reasons%20for%20(in)ef
ficiency_ExecSummary_20092013_final.pdf
https://theleanway.net/The-8-Wastes-of-Lean
http://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy-consumption.html
https://www.wikihow.com/Go-Green-at-Work
LGPC - QAS
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Date Developed:
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