Uvg© †ccvi
wk‡ivbvgt
ÒBmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt GKwU Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvÓ
ZË¡veavqK t
W. gynv¤§` QvB`yj nK
Aa¨vcK (BmjvwgK ÷vwWR)
mvgvwRK weÁvb, gvbweK I fvlv ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705|
Dc¯’vcbvq t
†gvnv¤§` gwbi †nvmvBb
Gg.G. (†kl ce©) 2q †mwg÷vi
AvBwW bs- 20-0-96-810-079
wkÿvel©t-2020-2021, e¨vPt 4_©
mvgvwRK weÁvb, gvbweK I fvlv ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705|
Rgv`v‡bi ZvwiLt 25-06-2023Bs
‡NvlYvcÎ
Avwg GB g‡g© †NvlYvKiwQ †h, ÒBmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt GKwU Zzjbvg~jK
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ | wk‡ivbv‡gv³ Uvg© †ccviwU m¤úyY©B Avgvi e¨w³MZ M‡elYv Kg©|
GB M‡elYv Kg©wU Avgvi evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq Gi Aax‡b Gg.G. (‡kl ce©) P~ovšÍ cix¶vi
Ask we‡kl wn‡m‡e cÖ¯`ZK…Z| GwU †Kvb eB †_‡K ûeû bKj Kwiwb Ges Ab¨ †Kv_vq Rgv †`Bwb|
†gvnv¤§` gwbi †nvmvBb
Gg.G. (†kl ce©) 2q †mwg÷vi
AvBwW bs- 20-0-96-810-079
wkÿvel©t-2020-2021, e¨vPt 4_©
mvgvwRK weÁvb, gvbweK I fvlv ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705
cÖZ¨qbcÎ
GB g‡g© cÖZ¨qb Kiv hv‡”Q †h, Ò†gvnv¤§` gwbi †nvmvBbÓ evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq Gg.G. (‡kl ce©)
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi, 2q †mwgóv‡ii wkÿv_©x| Zvi AvBwW bs-20-0-96-810-079, ‡mkb-
2020-2021, e¨vP- 4_©|
†m Avgvi ZË¡veav‡b ÒBmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt GKwU
Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi Uvg© †ccviwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| GwU Zvui m¤úyb© GKK I †gŠwjK KvR|
Avgvi Rvbvg‡Z †m GB Uvg©‡ccviwU †Kv_vI cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Rgv †`qwb|
W. gynv¤§` QvB`yj nK
Aa¨vcK (BmjvwgK ÷vwWR),
mvgvwRK weÁvb, gvbweK I fvlv ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705|
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi
cÖ_‡gB Avwg cig Kiæbvg‡qi wbKU K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ, whwb Avgv‡K M‡elYv Kg©wU
Kivi kw³ I mvg_©¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Avwg A‡kl K…ZÁ Avgvi kª‡Øq wk¶K I Avgvi GB M‡elbv K‡g©i
ZË¡veavqK mnKvix Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` QvB`yj nK, Gi cÖwZ hvi ZË¡veavb, civgk©, mn‡hvwMZv I
AvšÍwiKZv bv _vK‡j Avgvi G KvRwU KivB m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| GQvov Avwg AviI K…ZÁ Avgvi wefvMxq
cÖavb I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶K‡`i cÖwZ hviv Avgv‡K M‡elYv Kv‡R AK…wÎg mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb| M‡elYvK‡g©
Avwg †hme eB, Rvb©vj, cÖeÜ, w_wmm, WKz‡g›Um BZ¨vw` †_‡K mvnvh¨ †c‡qwQ †m m‡ei †jLK‡`i
cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q|
†gvnv¤§` gwbi †nvmvBb
Gg.G. (†kl ce©) 2q †mwg÷vi
AvBwW bs- 20-0-96-810-079
wkÿvel©t-2020-2021, e¨vPt 4_©
mvgvwRK weÁvb, gvbweK I fvlv ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi-1705
mvims‡ÿc
Bmjv‡g nvjvj (AbygwZcªvß) Ges nvivg (wbwl×) AvBb¸wj gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i, hv
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î Zv‡`i wµqvKjvc Ges cQ›`¸wj‡K wb‡`©wkZ K‡i| GB Zyjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv
†kªYxwefv‡Mi wfwË, ˆbwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv Ges Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi my‡hvM I cª‡qv‡Mi AbymÜvb
K‡i|
‡kªYxwefv‡Mi wfwË KyiAvb, nvw`m, cvwÐZ¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v, HK¨gZ Ges AvBwb hyw³ c×wZi g‡Zv BmjvwgK
DZ&m †_‡K cªvß| GB DZ&m¸wj nvjvj ev nvivg wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU we¯Í…Z KvVv‡gv
cª`vb K‡i|
‰bwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv nvjvj I nviv‡gi †kªYxwefv‡M ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| gymjgvb‡`i weï×
D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Z, ¶wZ Gov‡Z, Kj¨v‡Yi cªPvi Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Revew`wn Ki‡Z DZ&mvwnZ
Kiv nq| GB we‡ePbv¸wj GKwU e„nËi `„wófw½ cª`vb K‡i Ges gymjgvb‡`i GKwU mr I avwg©K Rxeb
hvc‡b MvBW K‡i|
nvjvj I nviv‡gi cwiwa I cª‡qv‡Mi cwiwa we¯Í…Z, hv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K‡K Kfvi K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
Lv`¨ZvwjKvMZ mxgve×Zv, Avw_©K †jb‡`b, e¨w³MZ AvPiY, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev msµvšÍ wm×všÍ, we‡bv`‡bi cQ›`
Ges mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡| gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i wµqvKjvc‡K nvjvj bxwZi mv‡_ mvwie× Kivi †Póv K‡i, ag©xq
eva¨evaKZv eRvq ivL‡Z Ges ˆbwZK gvb eRvq ivLvi †Póv K‡i|
Dcmsnv‡i, Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi AvBb gymjgvb‡`i Rxe‡b Mfxi cªfve †d‡j| Zviv gymjgvb‡`i
Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b PjvP‡ji, Ava¨vwZ¥K e„w×, mvgvwRK msnwZ Ges BmjvwgK bxwZi AvbyM‡Z¨i cªPvi
Kivi GKwU Dcvq wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| GB AvBb¸wj †evSv Ges †g‡b Pjvi gva¨‡g, gymjgvbiv Avjøvni
mš`wó Ges mvgwMªKfv‡e wb‡Ri Ges mgv‡Ri DbœwZ Kvgbv K‡i|
mgmvgwqK †cª¶vc‡U Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi AvB‡bi mwVK cª‡qvM †evSvi Rb¨ AviI M‡elYv, cªvgvwYK
BmjvwgK DZ&m¸wji Aa¨qb Ges Ávbx cwÐZ‡`i mv‡_ civg‡k©i mycvwik Kiv nq|
m~PxcÎ
c„ôv bs-
cÖ_g Aa¨vq t f~wgKv
1.1 f‚wgKv
1.2 M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨
1.3 Uvg© ‡ccv‡ii †hŠw³KZv
1.4 Uvg© †ccv‡ii mxgve×Zv
01-04
05
06
06
wØZxq Aa¨vqt nvjvj-nviv‡gi cwiPq
2.1 nvjvj I nvivg (ˆea I A‰ea)
2.2 nvjvj-nvivg Gi weavb Rvwi Kivi D‡Ïk¨
2.3 nvjvj I nviv‡gi g~jbxwZ
2.4 Bgjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi weavb †`Iqvi KviY
2.5 Bgjv‡g nvjvj I nvivg
07
07-08
08-10
10-12
13-15
Z…Zxq Aa¨vqt nvjvj-nvivg Lv`ª`ªe¨ I cï cvwLi cwiPq
3.1 Lv`¨`ªe¨ I cvbxq
3.2 nvjvj I nvivg cÖvYx
3.3 KziAvb ewY©Z 10 cÖKvi nvivg Lv`¨
3.4 g„Z Rš` nvivg nIqvi KviY
3.5 †h me Rš` nvivg
3.6 g„Z Rš`i Pvgov. nvo, ckg, wks I bLi e¨envi Kivi weavb
3.7 ïay gj f¶YKvix cÖvYxi weavb
3.8 AcweÎ e¯`i weavb
3.9 Agymwjg †`k †_‡K cÖvß †Mvk‡Zi weavb
3.10 Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡j kixAv‡Zi weavb
16
16-18
18-19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
PZz_© Aa¨vqt Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt Zzjbvg~jK we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv
4.1 nvjv‡ji ¸iæZ¡ I nvivg wegy³ mgvR
4.2 nvjvj nviv‡gi ¸iæZ¡
4.3 gymjgv‡bi e¨w³ Rxe‡b nvjvj I nvivg
4.4 nvjvj nviv‡gi mydj Kzdj
4.5 nvjvj-nvivg †NvlYv Kivi AwaKvi GKgvÎ Avjøvni
4.6 nvjvj‡K nvivg I nvivg‡K nvjvKib wkiK ch©v‡q Aciva
4.7 gymwj‡gi e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b nvjvj-nvivg
4.8 Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi Zzjbv
22
23-24
25
25-28
29-32
32-38
39
40-45
cÂg Aa¨vqt Dcmsnvi
5.1 Dcmsnvi
Z_¨m~Î
46-47
48-50
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
f~wgKv
1.1 f‚wgKv
nvjvj-nvivg Bmjvgx kixAv‡Zi AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `y×wU welq| kixAv‡Zi Ggb †Kvb welq †bB
hvi m‡½ nvjvj I nvivg (ˆea I A‰ea)-Gi m¤úK© †bB| ZvB Avgv‡`i‡K nvjvj I nviv‡gi
cwiPq, Gi g~jbxwZ Ges nvjvj-nvivg e¯`mg~n m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b AZ¨vek¨K|
nvjvj I nvivg Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ywU cwifvlv| mvaviYZ Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi `„wó‡Z
me ˆea welq‡K nvjvj I me A‰ea welq‡K nvivg ejv nq| nvjvj I nvivg Avjøvn KZ©…K
wba©vwiZ| ZvB cª‡Z¨K gywgb wbtms‡Kv‡P Zvi AbymiY K‡i|
‡Kbbv †m wek¦vm K‡i, ÔwZwb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ (I DËg) e¯Íy nvjvj K‡i‡Qb Ges AcweÎ (I
AbyËg) e¯Íy nvivg K‡i‡Qb| × (myiv Avivd, AvqvZ : 157)
Avjøvni wba©vwiZ mxgv : gywg‡bi Rb¨ nvjvj I nvivg Avjøvn KZ©…K wba©vwiZ mxgv| †KviAv‡b
Avjøvn GB mxgv‡iLv AwZµg Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| Bikv` n‡q‡Q, ÔGwU Avjøvn KZ©…K
wba©vwiZ mxgv| myZivs †Zvgiv Zv j•Nb †Kv‡iv bv|1 †h e¨w³ Avjøvni mxgv j•Nb K‡i ZvivB
AwePvix| Õ (myiv evKviv, AvqvZ : 229)
wba©vi‡Yi AwaKvi ïay Avjøvni : nvjvj I nvivg wba©vi‡Yi AwaKvi ïay Avjøvni| Avjøvn GB
AwaKvi Avi KvD‡K †`bwb| Bikv` n‡q‡Q, Ôejyb, †Zvgiv wK †f‡e †`‡LQ Avjøvn †Zvgv‡`i †h
RxweKv w`‡q‡Qb †Zvgiv †h Zvi wKQy nvjvj I wKQy nvivg K‡iQ? ejyb, Avjøvn wK †Zvgv‡`i Gi
AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb, bvwK †Zvgiv Avjøvni cªwZ wg_¨v‡ivc KiQ?× (myiv BDbym, AvqvZ : 59)
nvjvj I nvivg Cgv‡bi m‡½ mswkøó : Avnjym mybœvn Iqvj Rvgv‡Zi wek¦vm g‡Z, †Kv‡bv e¨w³
hw` m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cªgvwYZ †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy‡K nvivg Ges nvivg e¯Íy‡K nvjvj g‡b K‡i,
Zvn‡j Zvi Cgvb bó n‡q hv‡e| cweÎ †KviAv‡b GB †kªwYi gvby‡li m‡½ hy‡×i †NvlYv †`Iqv
1
Õ (myiv evKviv, AvqvZ : 229)
c„ôv bs-1
n‡q‡Q| Bikv` n‡q‡Q, ÔAvn‡j wKZve‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Avjøvni Ici Cgvb Av‡b bv I ciKv‡ji
cªwZI bq; Avi Avjøvn I Zuvi ivmyj hv nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv nvivg MY¨ K‡i bv Ges mZ¨ w؇bi
AbymiY K‡i bv, Zv‡`i m‡½ hy× Ki‡e-‡h ch©šÍ bv Zviv bZ n‡q wbR nv‡Z wRwRqv †`q| ×
(myiv ZvIev, AvqvZ : 29)
gywg‡bi cwiP‡qi Ask : nvjvj‡K nvjvj g‡b Kiv Ges nvivg‡K nvivg g‡b Kiv gywg‡bi
cwiP‡qi Ask|2 ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, Ô‡h e¨w³ †KviAvb cvV K‡i‡Q Ges Zv gyL¯’ †i‡L‡Q
Avi Gi nvjvj‡K nvjvj Ges nvivg‡K nvivg †g‡b‡Q, Zv‡K Avjøvn Rvbœv‡Z cª‡ek Kiv‡eb| ×
(mybv‡b wZiwgwR, nvw`m : 2906)
nvjvj‡K nvivg ejv RNb¨ Aciva : †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy‡K nvivg ejv Avjøvni cªwZ Acev`
†`Iqvi bvgvšÍi| Avjøvn e‡jb, Ô‡Zvgv‡`i wRnŸv wg_¨v‡ivc K‡i e‡j Avjøvni cªwZ wg_¨v‡ivc
Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgiv †ev‡jv bv GUv nvjvj Ges GUv nvivg| × (myiv bvnj, AvqvZ : 116)
nvjvj‡K nvivg Kiv mxgv j•Nb : †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy‡K nvivg g‡b Kiv ev nvivgZyj¨ g‡b K‡i
Zv cwinvi Kiv mxgv j•Nb| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb, Ô‡n gywgbiv, Avjøvn †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ DZ&K„ó
†hme e¯Íy nvjvj K‡i‡Qb, †mme‡K †Zvgiv nvivg †Kv‡iv bv Ges mxgv j•Nb †Kv‡iv bv| wbðqB
Avjøvn mxgv j•NbKvix‡`i cQ›` K‡ib bv| × (myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ : 87)
nvjvj e¯Íy cwinvi Kiv A‡kvfbxq : Avjøvn gvby‡li Rb¨ hv wKQy ˆea K‡i‡Qb hv cwinvi Kiv
gywg‡bi Rb¨ †kvfbxq bq| †Kbbv Avjøvn e‡jb, Ôejyb! Avjøvn ¯^xq ev›`v‡`i Rb¨ †hme †kvfvi
e¯Íy I weï× RxweKv m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv †K nvivg K‡i‡Q? ejyb! cvw_©e Rxe‡b we‡kl K‡i
wKqvg‡Zi w`b Gme Zv‡`i Rb¨, hviv Cgvb Av‡b| × (myiv Avivd, AvqvZ : 32)
nvjvj cwinvi ewÂZ nIqvi bvgvšÍi : Avjøvn †hme e¯Íy nvjvj K‡i‡Qb Zv cwinvi Kiv Avjøvni
AbyMªn †_‡K ewÂZ nIqviB bvgvšÍi| cweÎ †KviAv‡b Avjøvn e‡jb, ÔZviv Zv‡`i aviYv
2
(myiv gvwq`v, AvqvZ : 87)
c„ôv bs-2
Abymv‡i e‡j, Gme Mevw` cï I km¨ †¶Z wbwl×; Avwg hv‡K B”Qv Kwi †m Qvov †KD Gme
Avnvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| × (myiv AvbAvg, AvqvZ : 138)
gvby‡li mš`wói Rb¨ nvjvj e¯Íy eR©b bq : †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K mš`ó Kivi Rb¨ Avjøvn hv ˆea
K‡i‡Qb Zv cwinvi Kivi AeKvk †bB|3 Bikv` n‡q‡Q, Ô‡n bex, Avjøvn Avcbvi Rb¨ hv ˆea
K‡i‡Qb Avcwb Zv wbwl× Ki‡Qb †Kb? Avcwb †Zv Avcbvi m&Îx‡`i mš`wó Pv‡”Qb, Avjøvn
¶gvkxj, cig `qvjy| Õ (myiv Zvnwig, AvqvZ : 1)
nvjvj-nvivg m¤ú‡K©i E‡aŸ© : Avjøvn KZ©…K wba©vwiZ nvjvj I nviv‡gi weavb †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi
m¤úK© I m¤úªxwZi E‡aŸ©| G Rb¨ Bûw` ag© Z¨v‡Mi ciI mvnvwe Ave`yjøvn Be‡b mvjvg I Zuvi
m½xiv hLb kwbevi‡K gh©v`vi †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb Ges D‡Ui †MvkZ †L‡Z AcQ›` Ki‡Zb, ZLb
Avjøvn ZvAvjv Zv‡`i mZK© K‡i e‡jb, Ô‡n gywgbiv, †Zvgiv Bmjv‡g c~Y©iƒ‡c cª‡ek K‡iv Ges
kqZv‡bi c`v¼ AbymiY †Kv‡iv bv| × (myiv evKviv, AvqvZ : 208; we¯ÍvwiZ : Zvdwm‡i Zvevwi)
nvjvj eR©bKvix‡`i cªwZ bexwRi ûuwkqvwi : hLb gw`bvi GK`j mvnvwe wb‡R‡`i Ici K‡VviZv
Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb Ges ˆea wRwbm wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ wbwl× K‡i‡Qb e‡j cªKvk cvq, ZLb gnvbex
(mv.) e‡jb, Ômveavb! Pigcš’xiv aŸsm n‡q‡Q| wZwb G K_v wZbevi e‡jb| × (mybv‡b Avwe
`vD`, nvw`m : 4608)
nvjvj e¯Íy KLb cwinvi Kiv ˆea : †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy‡K nvjvj g‡b Kivi ci hw` Bmjv‡g
Aby‡gvw`Z †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †KD Zv cwinvi K‡i, Zvn‡j Zvi AeKvk Av‡Q| †hgb1. m‡›`nhy³ nIqv : †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy hw` m‡›`nhy³ nq Zvn‡j Zv cwinv‡ii my‡hvM Av‡Q|
†Kbbv ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Ô‡h m‡›`nRbK wRwbm †_‡K †eu‡P _vK‡e †m wb‡Ri wØb I
m¤§vb‡K i¶v Ki‡e| × (mwnn eyLvwi, nvw`m : 52)
3
(myiv Zvnwig, AvqvZ : 1)
c„ôv bs-3
2. wPwKrm‡Ki eviY _vKv : hLb †Kv‡bv wØb`vi wPwKrmK †ivMxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv nvjvj e¯Íy
¶wZKi gšÍe¨ K‡ib, ZLb Zv cwinvi Kiv ˆea| †hgb Wv‡q‡ewUK †ivMxi Rb¨ wPwb bv LvIqv|
3. nviv‡gi w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi fq _vKv : †Kv‡bv nvjvj wRwbm Øviv hw` Kv‡iv †fZi g›`
cªeYZv ˆZwii fq _v‡K, Zvn‡j cwinvi Kiv ˆea| †hgb-Ggb SuvSv‡jv cvbxq cwinvi Kiv, hv
e¨w³‡K g`cv‡b DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| (‡n`vqv, cvbxq Aa¨vq)
4. ¯^fveRvZ AcQ›` : †Kv‡bv e¯Íy‡K wb‡Ri I A‡b¨i Rb¨ ˆea g‡b Kivi ciI e¨w³MZ
AcQ‡›`i Rb¨ Zv Gwo‡q hvIqv ˆea| gvqgybv (iv.)-Gi N‡i †M‡j wZwb ivmyjyjøvn (mv.)-Gi
mvg‡b Ô`e× (¸Bmvc m`„k GKwU giæPvix cªvYx) †ck K‡ib| ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) Zv †_‡K nvZ
DwV‡q wb‡j Lvwj` web Iqvwj` (iv.) e‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivmyj, `e LvIqv wK nvivg? wZwb
e‡jb, bv|4 wKš` †h‡nZy GUv Avgv‡`i GjvKvq †bB| ZvB GwU LvIqv Avwg cQ›` Kwi bv|
Lvwj` (iv.) e‡jb, Avwg †mUv †U‡b wb‡q †L‡Z _vKjvg| Avi ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) Avgvi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q _vK‡jb| (mwnn eyLvwi, nvw`m : 5391)
4
| (mwnn eyLvwi, nvw`m : 5391)
c„ôv bs-4
1.2 M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨
Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi AvB‡bi Dci M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ nj Bmjvgx AvB‡b nvjvj (AbygwZ)
Ges nvivg (wbwl×) aviYv‡K wN‡i bxwZ I wb‡`©wkKv¸wji GKwU e¨vcK Ges Zyjbvg~jK
ch©v‡jvPbv cª`vb Kiv| M‡elYvi j¶¨ nj nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi Drm, msÁv Ges cª‡qvM¸wj
A‡š^lY Kiv, Lv`¨ I cvbxq, A_© I e¨emv, e¨w³MZ AvPiY, wPwKrmv I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, we‡bv`b
Ges wgwWqv mn Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K¸wj‡Z Zv‡`i ZvZ&ch© cix¶v Kiv|
nvjvj Ges nvivg bxwZ¸wji GKwU cy•Lvbycy•L cix¶v cwiPvjbv K‡i, M‡elYvwU Ki‡Z Pvq:
1. Bmjvgx AvB‡bi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z nvjvj I nviv‡gi msÁv Ges †kªwYweb¨vm m¤ú‡K© ¯úó
aviYv cª`vb Kiæb|
2. ag©xq Mªš’, cwÐZ e¨vL¨v Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Abykxjb mn nvjvj Ges nvivg AvB‡bi
DZ&m¸wj mbv³ Ges we‡kølY Kiæb|
3. nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ˆbwZK, ˆbwZK Ges e¨envwiK we‡ePbvi Zyjbv
Kiæb Ges ˆemv`„k¨ Kiæb|
4. Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi my‡hvM Ges cª‡qvM A‡š^lY Kiæb, †hgb
Lv`¨ZvwjKvMZ mxgve×Zv, e¨emvwqK Abykxjb, e¨w³MZ AvPiY, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cQ›`, Ges
we‡bv`b cQ›`|
5. mvs¯‹…wZK, AvÂwjK Ges mgmvgwqK †cª¶vcU we‡ePbv K‡i nvjvj I nvivg wba©vi‡Yi
†¶‡Î †h P¨v‡jÃ, weZK© Ges a~mi †¶Î¸wj †`Lv †`q Zv nvBjvBU Kiæb|
6. gymjgvb‡`i Rxe‡b nvjvj I nviv‡gi Zvrch© Ges Bmjvgx bxwZi cªwZ Zv‡`i AvbyMZ¨
m¤ú‡K© GKwU msw¶ß weeiY Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|
7. mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Ges AMªMwZi cªwZwµqvq m¤¢ve¨ fwel¨‡Zi Dbœqb Ges nvjvj I
nviv‡gi weKwkZ e¨vL¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
mvgwMªKfv‡e, D‡Ïk¨ nj GKwU we¯Í…Z ms¯’vb cª`vb Kiv hv Bmjv‡gi nvjvj-nviv‡gi AvBb
m¤ú‡K© †evaMg¨Zv‡K Mfxi K‡i Ges ÁvZ Av‡jvPbvi cªPvi K‡i|
c„ôv bs-5
1.3 Uvg© ‡ccv‡ii †h․w³KZv
Uvg© †ccv‡ii AvcvZ mgvavb‡hvM¨ I cÕgvwYZ D³‡K cÕKí e‡j| Uvg© †ccvi hw` †Kvb Abygvb
hvPvB‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv nq Z‡e Zv my¯úó fv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| GB Abygvb Ki‡Z n‡j h‡_ó
mvaviY Áv‡bi cÕ‡qvRb| mgm¨vwU Av‡M hviv wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb, KvR K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i wm×všÍ mg~n
Rvbv `iKvi Ges †m¸‡jvi †Kv_vq hyw³i Afve Rvbv `iKvi Ges †m¸‡jvi hyw³i Afve i‡q‡Q,
Am¤ú~Y©Zv i‡q‡Q Zv fvj K‡i ey‡S wb‡q Uvg© †ccv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Abygvb Kiv
`iKvi| Abygvb Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv M‡elK cixÿv Øviv mZ¨ A_ev wg_¨v e‡j cÕgvY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Z_¨ msMÕn Kivi ci Zv mvwR‡q msL¨v ZvwË¡K we‡køl‡Yi Q‡K †dj‡j Avgiv AbygvY MÕnY ev
evwZj Ki‡Z cvwi| Avgvi Uvg© †ccv‡ii welh n‡jv ÒBmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt
GKwU Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvÓ| GLv‡b e¨eüZ cÕZ¨qmg~n fv‡jv K‡i Rvbvi ci Avwg
KZ¸‡jv cÕKí Abygvb K‡iwQ|
1.4 Uvg© †ccv‡ii mxgve×Zv
‡h †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úv`‡bi mgq wKQz mxgve×Zv _v‡K| mg‡qi Av‡e Ges Avw_©K
mxgve×Zvi d‡j B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I A‡bK cwiev‡i `xN©Kvjxb Ae¯’vb Ges ch©‡eÿY m¤¢e n‡q
D‡Vwb| G m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ MÕ‡š’i mvnvh¨ AvswkK cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| M‡elYv Kv‡R mn‡hvMxZvi
†ÿ‡Î DËi`vZv‡`i Ávb I m‡PZbZvi gvÎv wQj Kg| ZvB mwVK Z_¨vejxi †c‡Z Amyweavi
m¤§yÿxY n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zv bexb M‡elK wn‡m‡e mgMÕ M‡elYvi KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨
A_©, mgq, †jvKej, AwfÁZvi Afve BZ¨vw` cÕwZeÜKZvi m¤§yÿxY n‡Z n‡q‡Q|
c„ôv bs-6
wØZxq Aa¨vq
nvjvj-nviv‡gi cwiPq
2.1 nvjvj I nvivg (•ea I A‣ea)
Bmjvgx kixAv‡Z nvjvj I nvivg welq `y×wU AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mKj Avmgvbx MÕ‡š’ nvjvj I
nvivg m¤ú‡K© ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|5 Önvjvj welq¸‡jv my¯úó Avi nvivg welq¸‡jvI my¯úó
(gymwjg)|Ó nvjvj-nviv‡gi welqwU kixAvZ KZ©„K ewY©Z I wba©vwiZ| KziAvbI I nv`x‡m †h
me welq‡K ˆea e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q kixAv‡Zi cwifvlvq Zv nvjvj| Avi KziAvb I
nv`x‡m †h me welq‡K A‰ea e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q kixq‡Zi cwifvlvq Zv nvivg|
2.2 nvjvj-nvivg Gi weavb Rvwi Kivi D‡Ïk¨
nvjvj I nvivg ïay cvbvnv‡ii g‡a¨ mxwgZ bq eis me KvRKg©, K_v-evZ©v, †jb‡`b, Lv`¨-`ªe¨
Z_v gvby‡li mKj w`K I welq Gi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³| nvjvj I nviv‡gi weavb Rvwi Kivi D‡Ïk¨
n‡”Q, gvbe RvwZi Kj¨vY mvab Kiv Ges AKj¨vY I ¶wZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv| G weavb cvj‡bB
wbwnZ i‡q‡Q gvby‡li AvZ¥vi cÕkvwšÍI †`‡ni Kj¨vY Ges we‡eK-eyw×i my¯’Zv| nvjvj MÕn‡Yi
d‡j AvZ¥v I mgMÕ kixi my¯’ _v‡K I fvj KvR Ki‡Z m¶g nq Avi nvivg MÕn‡Yi d‡j AvZ¥v
I mgMÕ †`n Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o Ges fvj KvR Ki‡Z m¶g nq bv| nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q‡m‡Q- ÖAvZ¥v hLb my¯’ _v‡K ZLb mgMÕ A½-cÕZ¨½I my¯’ _v‡K| Avi (nvivg MÕn‡Yi d‡j)
AvZ¥v hLb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o d‡j mKj A½cÕZ¨½ g›` Kv‡R Af¨¯Ín‡q c‡o (gymwjg kixd)|Ó G
weavb `xb-Bmjv‡gi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Avgv‡`i Dci †_‡K mKj cÕKvi K‡VviZv
Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb, ÖBmjv‡g †Kvb K‡VviZv I RwUjZv †bB|Ó †Kvb wKQzB
wbwl× bq G bxwZnxbZv †_‡KI wZwb Avgv‡`i gy³ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb †Mvôx K…”QZvmvab
Ki‡Z wM‡q mKj cÕKvi nvjvj e¯`‡K wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ nvivg K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi nvjvj I
5
m~iv Avj-evKvivn: 29|
c„ôv bs-7
nviv‡gi weavb gvbyl‡K G Mwn©Z bxwZ †_‡K wb®‹…wZ w`‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx weavb K‡VviZv I wkw_jZv
G `yB Gi gvSvgvwS GKwU MÕnY‡hvM¨ I mnRmva¨ weavb| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb:
ÖAvZ¥v hLb my¯’ _v‡K ZLb mgMÕ A½-cÕZ¨½I my¯’ _v‡K| Avi (nvivg MÕn‡Yi d‡j) AvZ¥v hLb Amy¯’
n‡q c‡o d‡j mKj A½cÕZ¨½ g›` Kv‡R Af¨¯Ín‡q c‡o (gymwjg kixd)|Ó G weavb `xbBmjv‡gi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Avgv‡`i Dci †_‡K mKj cÕKvi K‡VviZv Zz‡j
wb‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb, ÖBmjv‡g †Kvb K‡VviZv I RwUjZv †bB|Ó †Kvb wKQzB wbwl×
bq G bxwZnxbZv †_‡KI wZwb Avgv‡`i gy³ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb †Mvôx K…”QZvmvab Ki‡Z
wM‡q mKj cÕKvi nvjvj e¯`‡K wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ nvivg K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi nvjvj I nviv‡gi
weavb gvbyl‡K G Mwn©Z bxwZ †_‡K wb®‹…wZ w`‡q‡Q|6 Bmjvgx weavb K‡VviZv I wkw_jZv G `yB
Gi gvSvgvwS GKwU MÕnY‡hvM¨ I mnRmva¨ weavb| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb:
Öhviv AbymiY K‡i evZ©evnK D¤§x bexi, hvi D‡jøL I eY©bv i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i wbKU iw¶Z ZvIivZ
I BÃx‡j| whwb Zv‡`i‡K msKv‡Ri wb‡`©k †`b I AmrKv‡R evav †`b| whwb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ
e¯` ˆea K‡ib I AcweÎ e¯` A‰ea K‡ib Ges wZwb Zv‡`i gy³ K‡ib Zv‡`i Dci Pvwc‡q
†`Iqv ¸iæfvi †_‡K I k„sLj †_‡K|Ó (m~iv Avj-Avivd : 157)
2.3 nvjvj I nviv‡gi g~jbxwZ
K. †KvbwU nvjvj Ges †KvbwU nvivg Zv wba©vi‡Y gvby‡li †Kvb BLwZqvi †bB| nvjvj I nvivg
wba©vi‡Yi GKgvÎ me©gq ¶gZv Avjøvni| †KvbwU nvjvj Avi †KvbwU nvivg Zv Avjøvn I Zuvi
ivm~‡ji c¶ †_‡K wba©vwiZ| †KD hw` Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~j KZ…©K †NvwlZ nvjvj‡K nvivg A_ev
nvivg‡K nvjvj mve¨¯ÍK‡i Z‡e †m Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e| G cÕm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb:
Öhv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wZwb (Avjøvn) nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv wZwb wek`fv‡eB †Zvgv‡`i wbKU eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb|Ó (m~iv Avj-AvbAvg : 119)
6
KyiZyex, Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§v`, AvjRv‡gD wj AvnKvwgj KyiAvb, L.18,c„.96|
c„ôv bs-8
L. mKj cÕKvi nvivg e¯`B ¶wZKi kixAv‡Zi mKj weavbB gvby‡li Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi| †mme e¯`
AcweÎ, wbK…ó Ges gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi Avjøvn Zv×Avjv †m¸‡jv nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, wZwb
Bikv` K‡ibÖ†jv‡Kiv †Zvgv‡K g` I Ryqv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡i| ej, Df‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eo ai‡bi cvc
I AcKvwiZv, Z‡e G‡Z gvby‡li Rb¨ DcKviI i‡q‡Q| wKš`G¸‡jvi cvc I AcKvwiZv DcKvi
A‡c¶v AwaK|Ó (m~iv Avj-evKviv : 219)
M. †h mKj DcKiY nvivg KvR msNwUZ nIqvi KviY wn‡m‡e cÕgvwYZ kixAvZ †m¸‡jv‡KI nvivg K‡i
w`‡q‡Q| G cÕm‡½ g~jbxwZ n‡”Q Öhv wKQz nviv‡gi w`‡K avweZ K‡i ZvI nvivg|Ó
†hgb- e¨wfPvi nvivg, †h me KvR e¨wfPv‡ii c‡_ gvbyl‡K avweZ K‡i, e¨wfPv‡ii cÕwZ
DrmvwnZ K‡i kixAvZ †m¸‡jv‡KI nvivg K‡i‡Q| †hgb- PwiÎ aŸsmKvix eB Ges cÎcwÎKv,
bMœ Qwe, †hØb D‡ËRK Mvb-evRbv BZ¨vw`|
N. nvivg KvR Kivi Rb¨ Ac‡KØkj Aej¤^b KivI nvivg| nvivg‡K nvjvj Kivi Ac‡KØkj
Aej¤^b KivI nvivg| GUv kqZv‡bi cÕ‡ivPbv| kqZvb hy‡M hy‡M gvbyl‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi
Ac‡KØkj Aej¤^‡b nvivg‡K nvjvj Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q|7 Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv
Bqvn~`x‡`i‡K kwbevi w`b gvQ ai‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| Zviv †KØkj Aej¤^b K‡i ïµev‡i MZ©
Luy‡o ivL‡Zv, kwbev‡i Zv‡Z G‡m gvQ Rgv n‡Zv, Avi †iveevi w`b Zv Zviv aiZ| Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv GRb¨ Zv‡`i kvw¯ÍcÕ`vb K‡ib|
O. †Kv‡bv nvivg wRwb‡mi bvg ev Zvi evwn¨K AvK…wZ cwieZ©b Ki‡j Ges Zv‡Z Zvi g~j Ae¯’vi
†Kvb cwieZ©b bv NU‡j †m wRwbm nvjvj n‡e bv eis nvivgB †_‡K hv‡e| †hgb, g`‡K cvbxq
Ges my`‡K gybvdv bv‡g AwfwnZ Ki‡j Zv nvjvj n‡e bv| ivm~jyjøvn (m) e‡jb- ÒAvgvi
D¤§v‡Zi GK`j †jvK g‡`i bvg cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡K nvjvj g‡b Ki‡e|Ó bex Kixg (m) AviI
7
Aveyj w``v BmgBj Beb Dgi Beb Kvmxi, Zvdmxiæj KyiAvwbj Avhxg, m¤úv`bvq: mvgx Beb
gynv¤§` mvjøvgv, ˆeiæZ: `viæ ZvBev wbbœ&hvmix, w`Z¡xq ms¯‹iY, 1420 wn, L. 8, c„. 258|
c„ôv bs-9
e‡jb- ÖGgb GK hyM Avm‡e hLb gvbyl my`‡K µq-weµ‡qi bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i Zv nvjvj g‡b
Ki‡e|Ó
P. AcweÎ Lv`¨ I cvbxq Ges †bkv RvZxq `ªe¨ nvivg| GQvov cvbxq `ª‡e¨ nvivg wgk‡j Zv
nvivg n‡q hvq|
Q. `uvZ w`‡q wkKviKvix mKj wnsmª Rš` Ges bL w`‡q wkKvi Kvix mKj cvwL nvivg|
R. †h me e¯` nvivg Zv wewµ K‡i A_© e¨envi KivI nvivg| †hgb- g`| Z‡e wKQz wKQz e¯`
kixAvZ nvjvj K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
2.4 Bgjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi weavb †`Iqvi KviY
gnvb m„wóKvix I cªwZcvjK wn‡m‡e ïay Avjøvni GB AwaKvi Av‡Q †h wZwb †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K
ˆeaZv †`‡eb Ges †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K wbwl× Ki‡eb| †hfv‡e wZwb AwaKvi iv‡Lb ev›`v‡K
†h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi AvbyM‡Z¨i wb‡`©k †`Iqvi| wecix‡Z wb‡`©k Agvb¨ Kivi Ges Zuvi Aeva¨
nIqvi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi ev›`vi †bB|8 GUv mªóv, cªwZcvjK I Dcvm¨ wn‡m‡e gnvb Avjøvni
AwaKvi| wKš` Avjøvn Zuvi ev›`vi cªwZ AbyMªnkxj| ZvB wZwb ev›`vi Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨B
†Kv‡bv welq MªnY ev eR©‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi †h‡Kv‡bv Av‡`k-wb‡la †h‡Kv‡bv wePv‡i
†hØw³K I Kj¨v‡Yi evnK| Avjøvn AbyËg †Kv‡bv wel‡qi ˆeaZv †`bwb Ges DËg †Kv‡bv
welq‡K wbwl× K‡ibwb|
c~e©eZ©x RvwZi cªwZ kvw¯Í : Avjøvni Aeva¨Zv I cv‡ci kvw¯Í¯^iƒc Avjøvn c~e©eZ©x †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
RvwZi Rb¨ DËg I ˆea wRwbmI wbwl× K‡iwQ‡jb| cweÎ †KviAv‡b Bikv` n‡q‡Q, ÔAvwg
Bûw`‡`i Rb¨ bLhy³ me cï nvivg K‡iwQjvg Ges Miæ I QvM‡ji Pwe©I Zv‡`i Rb¨ nvivg
K‡iwQjvg, Z‡e G¸‡jvi wc‡Vi A_ev A‡š¿i wKsev Aw¯’msjMœ Pwe© Qvov| Zv‡`i Aeva¨Zvi
8
Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg. nv`xm bs. (1042)|
c„ôv bs-10
`iæb Zv‡`i‡K GB cªwZdj w`‡qwQjvg| wbðqB Avwg mZ¨ev`x|× (myiv : AvbAvg, AvqvZ :
146)
Ab¨Î Bikv` n‡q‡Q, Ôfv‡jv fv‡jv hv Bûw`‡`i Rb¨ ˆea wQj Avwg Zv Zv‡`i Rb¨ A‰ea
K‡iwQ Zv‡`i mxgvj•N‡bi Rb¨, Avjøvni c‡_ A‡bK‡K evav †`Iqvi Rb¨, Zv‡`i my` Mªn‡Yi
Rb¨ hw`I Zv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj; Ges Ab¨vqfv‡e †jv‡Ki ab-m¤ú` Mªvm Kivi
Rb¨| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Awek¦vmx wQj Zv‡`i Rb¨ gg©š`` kvw¯Í cª¯ÍyZ †i‡LwQ|× (myiv : wbmv,
AvqvZ : 160-161)
gymwjg RvwZi cªwZ AbyMªn : Avjøvn Zuvi †kl bex (mv.)-‡K wPišÍb Rxebweavb w`‡q †cªiY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb D¤§‡Z gynv¤§vw`i Ici we‡kl AbyMªnekZ Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í¯^iƒc ˆea wel‡qi Ici
wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci aviv eÜ K‡ib| ivmyjyjøvn (mv.)-Gi gva¨‡g Avjøvn gvbeRvwZ‡K GB †evSv
†_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Qb| Bikv` n‡q‡Q, Ô‡h (ivmyj) Zv‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ e¯Íy nvjvj K‡i I AcweÎ
e¯Íy nvivg K‡i Ges †h gy³ K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i ¸iæfvi †_‡K I k„•Ljv †_‡K hv Zv‡`i Ici
wQj|Õ (myiv : Avivd, AvqvZ : 157)
cvc‡gvP‡bi weKí Dcvq : Bmjvgx kwiq‡Z ˆea welq‡K A‰ea Kivi cwie‡Z© wfbœ Dcv‡q
cvc‡gvP‡bi AeKvk †i‡L‡Q|9 †hgb wbôvc~Y© ZvIev cvc wgwU‡q †`q, †hgb cvwb LoKy‡Uv
fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq| Bmjvg ej‡Q, cy‡Y¨i KvR cvc `~i K‡i †`q, `vb-m`Kv cvc gvR©bv K‡i,
†hfv‡e cvwb Av¸b wbwf‡q †`q, `ytL-K‡ói gva¨‡g gywg‡bi cvc S‡i hvq, †hfv‡e kx‡Zi
Kvi‡Y Mv‡Qi cvZv S‡i hvq|
nvjvj-nviv‡gi wfwË : Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv e¯Íyi ˆeaZv I A‰eaZv wbf©i K‡i Kj¨vY I AKj¨v‡Yi
Ici| †h welq ¶wZKi I †bvsiv Zv gvby‡li Rb¨ wbwl× K‡i‡Q Bmjvg| myZivs †h welq ev e¯Íy
ïayB ¶wZKi Zv nvivg ev wbwl×| †h welq ev e¯Íy ïayB Kj¨vYKi Zv nvjvj ev ˆea| Avevi †h
wRwb‡m Kj¨v‡Yi †P‡q AKj¨vY †ewk †mUvI wbwl×| †h wel‡q Kj¨v‡Yi w`K cªej Zv nvjvj ev
9
Bgvg eyLvix, AvjRv‡gÔDmmvnxn, nv`xm bs 1474; Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg. nv`xm bs.
1040|
c„ôv bs-11
ˆea| †hgb g` I Ryqvi e¨vcv‡i cweÎ †KviAv‡b Bikv` n‡q‡Q, Ô‡jv‡K †Zvgv‡K g` I Ryqv
m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv K‡i| e‡jv, Df‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡Q gnvcvc I gvby‡li Rb¨ DcKviI; wKš` Zv‡`i
cvc DcKvi A‡c¶v †ewk|× (myiv : evKviv, AvqvZ : 219)
Ab¨ Avqv‡Z ÔZvwq¨eׇK gvby‡li Rb¨ nvjvj †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|10 Zvwq¨e n‡jv gvby‡li my¯’
cªK„wZ, hv‡K DËg g‡b K‡i Ges gvbyl hv jvf Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i †Kv‡bv cªKvi Avbylw½K KviY
Qvov| Avjøvn e‡jb, ÔZviv Avcbv‡K wRÁvmv K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kx nvjvj (‰ea) Kiv n‡q‡Q?
ejyb, Zv‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ wRwbm ˆea Kiv n‡q‡Q|× (myiv : gvwq`v, AvqvZ : 4)
Avg‡ji Rb¨ KviY Rvbv Avek¨K bq : gywgb †Kv‡bv KviY AbymÜvb Kiv QvovB Avjøvni wb‡`©k
gvb¨ Ki‡e| †Kbbv nvjvj-nviv‡gi †cQ‡b †hme KviY Av‡Q Zv nq‡Zv Zvi Rb¨ I Zvi mg‡q
†evaMg¨ bq| gywg‡bi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv †m Avjøvn wb‡`©k AeMZ n‡j ej‡e, Avwg Zv †g‡b wbjvg|
†hgb k~K‡ii gvsm Bmjv‡g wbwl×| wKš` weÁv‡bi mv¤úªwZK we‡kølY Rvbvi ci gvbyl Rvb‡Z
†c‡i‡Q k~K‡ii gvsm gvbe‡`‡ni c‡¶ ¶wZKi| Zv eû ai‡bi RxevYy enb K‡i| Abyiƒc
ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) wZb KvR‡K Awfkß e‡j‡Qb| Zv n‡jv gvby‡li AeZi‡Yi ¯’vb, PjvP‡ji c‡_
Ges Qvqvwewkó ¯’v‡b gjZ¨vM Kiv| (mybv‡b Avwe `vD`, nvw`m : 26)
AvaywbK weÁvb ej‡Q, wZbwU KvRB MY¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ûgwK¯^iƒc Ges Gi gva¨‡g `ªæZ
†ivMe¨vwa Qwo‡q c‡o| gywgb Avjøvni wb‡`©‡ki †cQ‡b KviY bv Lyu‡R †m Zv AbymiY Ki‡e|11
†Kbbv gywgb wek¦vm K‡i, ÔAvjøvn Rv‡bb †K DcKvix Ges †K AwbóKvix| Avjøvn B”Qv Ki‡j G
wel‡q †Zvgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B K‡ó †dj‡Z cvi‡Zb| e¯ÍyZ Avjøvn cªej civµvšÍ, cªÁvgq|× (myiv :
evKviv, AvqvZ : 220)
10
11
(myiv : gvwq`v, AvqvZ : 4)
(myiv : evKviv, AvqvZ : 220)
c„ôv bs-12
2.5 Bgjv‡g nvjvj I nvivg
gnvb AvjêvnZvqvjv gvbyl‡K GKgvÎ Zvi Bev`‡Zi Rb¨B m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li Pjv‡div,
AvPvi-AvPiY, cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`bmn Ab¨vb¨ me †¶‡ÎB Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| gvbyl
`vmZ¡ Ki‡e GKgvÎ gnvb AvjêvnZvqvjvi| Avi G `vmZ¡ A_©vr gvby‡li meai‡bi Bev`Z
gnvb Avjêvni `iev‡i Keyj nIqvi Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q nvjvj ev ˆea Dcv‡q DcvR©b Kiv Avi
hveZxq nvivg †_‡K weiZ _vKv| Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nvivg AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| c„w_exi
me Avmgvwb Mª‡š’B nvjvj I nviv‡gi welqwU ewY©Z i‡q‡Q| nvjvj-nviv‡gi welq¸‡jv wba©viY
Kivi GLwZqvi ïay gnvb AvjêvnZvqvjvi|12 BnKvjxb Rxe‡b Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ˆea KvR¸‡jv
nvjvj Avi †h KvR¸‡jv Bmjv‡g wbwl×, ZvB nvivg|
cweÎ †KviAvb I mybœvni wfwˇZ †hme welq‡K ˆea e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi
cwifvlvq Zv nvjvj ev ˆea| Ab¨ K_vq- nvjvj A_© ˆea, DcKvix I Kj¨vYKi e¯Íy| gvby‡li
Rb¨ hv wKQy DcKvi I Kj¨vYKi IB me Kg© I e¯Íy‡K AvjêvnZvqvjv gvby‡li Rb¨ nvjvj
K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- bvgvR, †ivRv, nR, RvKvZ, c`©v I Avjêvn wb‡`©wkZ e¨emv-evwYR¨ BZ¨vw`|
Ab¨w`‡K, †KviAvb I mybœvni wfwˇZ †hme welq‡K A‰ea e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Bmjvgx
kwiq‡Zi cwifvlvq Zv nvivg ev wbwl×| Ab¨ K_vq, nvivg A_© A‰ea, ¶wZKviK, AKj¨vYKi
Kg© I e¯Íy, hv gvby‡li Rb¨ AcKv‡ii ev ¶wZi KviY| IB me Kg© ev e¯Íy‡K AvjêvnZvqvjv
nvivg K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- k~K‡ii gvsm gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKviK, my`, Nyl, †ebvgvwR, †ec`©v I
me ai‡bi Ab¨vq I cvcKg© BZ¨vw`| nvivg KvR Ki‡j Avjêvni kvw¯Í wba©vwiZ weavq G ai‡bi
KvR eR©b KivI eva¨Zvg~jK| †hgb- my` LvIqv, wMeZ Kiv ev AcweÎ wKQy LvIqv ev A‰ea
e¨emv-evwYR¨ Kiv| nvjvj I nvivg weav‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q- wek¦ gvbeZvi Kj¨vY mvab Ges
AKj¨vY I ¶wZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv| nvjvj weavb †g‡b Pjvi gva¨‡gB ev›`vi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q- AvZ¥vi
12
Ave~ eKi Avng` Bebyj ûmvBb Avj-evqnvKx, mybvb Avj-evqnvKx, m¤úv`bvq: Avãyj Kvw`i
AvZv (g°v Avj-gyKviigv: gvKZvevZy `viæj evh, 1414 wn/1994 Lªx.) L. 6, c„. 128| Bgvg
evqnvKx e‡jb, Gi ivex `ye©j|
c„ôv bs-13
Kj¨vY, †`‡ni Kj¨vY Ges we‡eK-eyw×i my¯’Zv; hv Øxb Bmjv‡gi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½| G‡Z gnvb
AvjêvnZvqvjv ev›`vi cªwZ ingZ I eiKZ `vb K‡ib|
c¶všÍ‡i, †h e¨w³ nvivg KvR K‡i Zvi AšÍivZ¥v KjywlZ nq| we‡eKmËv I Bgvwb kw³ †jvc
†c‡q hvq| GK K_vq †m Bmjvg †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i m‡i hvq| AvjêvnZvqvjvi ingZ I eiKZ
†_‡K ewÂZ nq| gvbyl Kxfv‡e DcvR©b Ki‡e, †Kvb cš’vq Zv e¨q Ki‡e Ges DcvR©‡bi †¶‡Î
hveZxq AR©bxq I eR©bxq welq m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡g my¯úó wb‡`©kbv we`¨gvb| AvjêvnZvqvjv diR
Bev`Z mgvcbv‡šÍ RxweKv wbe©v‡n DcvR©b Kivi j‡¶¨ Rwg‡b Qwo‡q co‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q myiv
RygAvi 10 Avqv‡Z Gikv` K‡ib- 'mvjvZ mgvß n‡j †Zvgiv c„w_ex‡Z Qwo‡q co‡e, Avjêvni
AbyMªn mÜvb Ki‡e Ges Avjêvn‡K AwaK ¯§iY Ki‡e, hv‡Z †Zvgiv mdjKvg nI|' diR
Bev`Z¸‡jv Av`v‡qi ci ˆea I cª‡qvRbxq K‡g© Suvwc‡q co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
DcvR©‡bi †¶‡Î nvjvj I ˆea Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv me gvby‡li Ici Bmjv‡gi GKwU Aj•Nbxq
weavb| nvjvj DcvR©b Bev`Z Key‡ji c~e©kZ©|13 A_©-m¤ú` ØvivB gvbyl RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
Lv`¨`ªe¨ MªnY Kivi d‡j Zvi †`‡ni e„w× N‡U Ges my¯^v¯’¨ jvf nq| wKš` G Lv`¨`ªe¨ µ‡qi A_©
hw` A‰ea Dcv‡q DcvwR©Z nq, Z‡e Zv Kxfv‡e ˆea kvixwiK e„w× n‡Z cv‡i? Zvi kix‡ii i‡³
I gvs‡m A‰ea wel‡qi mswgkªY N‡U| Gi Øviv hZ Bev`ZB Kiv †nvK bv, Zv MªnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z
cv‡i bv| †Kbbv Avjêvn AcweÎ †Kv‡bv wKQyB MªnY K‡ib bv| AZGe, nvjvj DcvR©b Bev`Z
Key‡ji c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e wk‡ivavh©| mvjvZ, RvKvZ I nR BZ¨vw` diR Bev`Z¸‡jv Keyj nIqvi
Rb¨ Aek¨B ˆea cš’vq DcvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
nvjvj DcvR©b †`vqv Key‡ji c~e©kZ©- G g‡g© Beb AveŸvm (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z nvw`‡m G‡m‡Q"ivmy‡j Kvwi‡gi (mv.) Kv‡Q GK`v G AvqvZwU †ZjvIqvZ Kiv n‡jv| '‡n gvbegÐjx, c„w_exi
nvjvj I cweÎ e¯ÍymvgMªx f¶Y K‡iv|' ZLb mv` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm (iv.) `uvwo‡q ej‡jb : †n
Avjêvni ivmyj, Avjêvni Kv‡Q †`vqv Kiæb, †hb Avgvi †`vqv Keyj nq| ivmyj (mv.) ej‡jb†n mv'`, †Zvgvi cvbvnvi‡K nvjvj K‡iv, Z‡e †Zvgvi †`vqv Keyj n‡e|'' nvjvj DcvR©‡b
13
Mvhvjx, BnBqvD DjygyÏxb, (gvKZevZyj gy¯Ídv Avj evex Iqvj nvjex) L. 2, c„. 64| Bgvg
ÔBivKx e‡jb: gyimvj|
c„ôv bs-14
eiKZ jvf nq| †Kbbv eiKZ`v‡bi gvwjK gnvb Avjêvn| wZwb ïay ˆea DcvR©b‡KB
eiKZgq K‡ib| Avi hveZxq A‰ea DcvR©b †_‡K eiKZ DwV‡q †bb| Ab¨w`‡K, A‰ea
Dcv‡q m¤ú` DcvR©bKvixi Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg AeavwiZ| nvw`‡m ewY©Z- ivmyj (mv.) e‡j‡Qb : '‡h
†`n nvivg Lv`¨ Øviv M‡o I‡V Zvi Rb¨ †`vR‡Li Av¸bB DËg|' Aci GK nvw`‡m ewY©Zivmyj (mv.) e‡j‡Qb :'‡h kixi nvivg †c‡q n~ócyó n‡q‡Q, Zv Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e bv|'
Avgv‡`i iæwR-‡ivRMvi hLb c~Z-cweÎ n‡e, ZLbB Zv nvjvj I wm× n‡e| gnvb
AvjêvnZvqvjv Avgv‡`i hveZxq nvivg †_‡K weiZ †_‡K cweÎ I nvjvj wiwRK DcvR©‡bi
†ZØwdK `vb Kiæb|
c„ôv bs-15
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
nvjvj-nvivg Lv`ª`ªe¨ I cï cvwLi cwiPq
3.1 Lv`¨`ªe¨ I cvbxq
 AcweÎ, ¶wZKi Ges †bkv RvZxq `ªe¨ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mKj Lv`¨B nvjvj| GQvov gw¯Í¯‹
weK…wZ NUvq Ggb e¯` Ges Ac‡ii gvwjKvbvaxb e¯` AbygwZ Qvov f¶Y Kiv nvivg|
 cvbxq `ª‡e¨ AcweÎ e¯` wgwkªZ n‡j Zv nvivg n‡q hvq|
 wel Ges wel RvZxq mKj e¯`B nvivg| cÕvYx Ges welv³ Dw™¢` †_‡K msM„nxZ mKj
welB nvivg|
 wel bq A_P ¶wZKi Ggb e¯` f¶Y Kiv nvivg| †hgb: Kv`v, gvwU, cv_i, Kqjv
BZ¨vw`|
 a~gcvb GKwU ¶wZKi e¯`| GwU ¯^v‡¯’¨i gvivZ¥K ¶wZ mvab K‡i| m¤ú‡`i AcPq
NUvq| G Kvi‡YB GwUI nvivg e¯`mg~‡ni AšÍfz©³|
 †h e¯`‡Z A‡b¨i AwaKvi Av‡Q Zv webv AbygwZ‡Z f¶Y Kiv nvivg| †hgbt †PvivB
gvj, jyUZiv‡Ri gvj, wQbZvBK…Z gvj BZ¨vw`|
3.2 nvjvj I nvivg cÖvYx
cÕvYx `yB cÕKvi : RjPi cÕvYx I ¯’jPi cÕvYx| G mKj cÕvYxi g‡a¨ †KvbwU nvjvj Ges †KvbwU
nvivg kixAv‡Z Gi we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv Av‡Q|14 Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jbt
Öhv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ wZwb nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv wZwb †Zvgv‡`i wbKU wek`fv‡eB wee„Z K‡i‡Qb,
Z‡e †Zvgiv wbiƒcvq n‡j Zv ¯^Zš¿ e¨vcvi|Ó (m~iv Avj-AvbAvg : 119)
14
(m~iv Avj-AvbAvg : 119)
c„ôv bs-16
RjR cÖvYx
RjPi cÕvYxi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ gvQ nvjvj| gvQ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb cÕvYxB nvjvj bq| bex (m) e‡jb:
Ömgy‡`ªi cvwb cweÎ Ges Zvi g„Z (gvQ) nvjvj|Ó g„Z gvQ hw` nvjvj nq Zvn‡j RxweZ gvQ
†Zv Aek¨B nvjvj n‡e|
¯’jPi cÖvYx
t‡e ZvÔAvjv Avjøvn| nvjvj` Rš Awnsm¨ vb¨Ab I ncvwjZ„M¨ a‡g cÕvYxi jPi¯
ÖwZwb PZz¯ú` Rš`m„wó K‡i‡Qb; G‡Z i‡q‡Q kxZ wbeviK DcKiY Ges A‡bK DcKvwiZv|15 G
†_‡K †Zvgiv Avnvi K‡i _vK|Ó (m~iv Avb-bvnj : 5)
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv AviI e‡jbÖ†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv A½xKvi c~Y© Ki‡e, hv †Zvgv‡`i wbKU ewY©Z n‡”Q Zv Qvov PZz®ú` Rš`
†Zgv‡`i Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv n‡jv|Ó (m~iv Avj-gvwq`v : 1)
AvqvZvs‡k DwjøwLZ AvbAvg (PZz®ú` Rš`) Øviv DU, Miæ, QvMj I Ab¨vb¨ wnsmªRš`‡K eySvq|
nvjvj cÖvYxm~gn
Miæ, gwnl, DU, QvMj, nwiY, †fov BZ¨vw` nvjvj cÕvYx| wKš` †Nvov I M„ncvwjZ Mvav Gi
AšÍfz©³ bq| eb¨ Mvav Ges Li‡MvkI nvjvj| bex Kwig (m)-†K GK`v GKwU fzYv Li‡Mvk
nvw`qv †`Iqv nq| wZwb Zv †_‡K f¶Y K‡ib Ges mvnvexMY‡K Zv †_‡K LvIqvi Rb¨ e‡jb|
GQvov Li‡Mvk wnsmª Rš`I bq Ges †m †Kvb g„Z wRwbmI Lvq bv| Kv‡RB Zv LvIqv nvjvj|
nvivg cÖvYxmg~n
cï cvwL nvivg nIqv msµvšÍg~jbxwZ nj- `uvZ w`‡q wkKviKvix wnsmª Rš` Ges bLi w`‡q
wkKviKvix cvwL LvIqv nvivg ev A‰ea| bLi `šÍ w`‡q wkKviKvix mKj cÕKvi cvwL Ges `uvZ
w`‡q wkKviKvix mKj cÕKvi wnsmª Rš` †L‡Z bex Kixg (m:) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| CMj, evR,
kKzb, wPj, KvK BZ¨vw` bLi w`‡q wkKvi K‡i e‡j Gme cvwL LvIqv Rv‡qh †bB| evN, wmsn,
15
(m~iv Avj-gvwq`v : 1)
c„ôv bs-17
wPZv, evbi, fvjyK, nvwZ, KzKzi, wkqvj, weovj BZ¨vw` Rš` `uvZ w`‡q wkKvi K‡i _v‡K| G
Kvi‡Y Gme Rš` LvIqv A‰ea| mvc, ¸Bmvc, †ewR, Bu`yi, wPKv, ev`yi, K”Qc, fxgiæj Ges
mKj cÕKvi †cvKv gvKo LvIqv bvRv‡qh|
3.3 KziAvb ewY©Z 10 cÖKvi nvivg Lv`¨
1|
g„Z Rš`: †h‡nZz GwU N„Yvi m„wó K‡i, kix‡ii Rb¨ ¶wZKviK, ZvB GwU nvivg|
2|
cÕevwnZ i³: cÕevwnZ i³ AcweÎ| my¯’ gvbe cÕK…wZ ¯^fveZB Zv N„Yv K‡i _v‡K|
GQvov g„Z Rš`i g‡Zv G‡Z ¶wZKi RxevYy _vKvI m¤¢e| Rvwnjx hy‡M Zxeª ¶zavi
Zvobvq aviv‡jv A¯¿ w`‡q DU ev Ab¨ †Kvb Rš`‡K AvNvZ Kiv n‡Zv| i³ hLb wdbwK
w`‡q †ei nZ ZLb AvNvZKvix e¨w³ Zv cvb KiZ| G‡Z Rš`wU Zxeª hš¿Yv †fvM KiZ
Ges `ye©j n‡q coZ| Gme Kvi‡Y Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv cÕengvb i³ nvivg K‡i †`b|
3|
ïK‡ii gvsm: ïK‡ii gvsm LvIqv nvivg| ïKi g~jZ AcweÎ| ïKi mvaviYZ gj g~Î
BZ¨vw` bvcvK e¯` †L‡q _v‡K| AwaKš` Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q N„Y¨ cvkweK AvPiY| ZvQvov
GwU GKwU wnsmª cÕvYx| Gme Kvi‡Y ïKi LvIqv nvivg| AvaywbK ¯^v¯’¨ weÁv‡bi g‡Z
ïKi LvIqv LyeB ¶wZKi|
4|
Avjøvn Qvov Ab¨ KviI Rb¨ DrmwM©Z Rš`: Avjøvn Qvov Ab¨ KviI bv‡g h‡en Kiv
wkiK|
5|
ÔgybLvwbKv× Z_v k¦vm‡iv‡a g„Z Rš`|
6|
ÔgvIKzhv× Z_v cÕnv‡ii Kvi‡Y g„Z Rš`|
7|
ÔgyZvivwÏqv× Z_v DuPz ¯’vb †_‡K c‡o hvIqvi Kvi‡Y g„Z Rš`|
8|
ÔbvZxnv× Z_v wks Gi AvNv‡Z g„Z Rš`|
9|
wnsmª cï KZ©„K LvIqvi Kvi‡Y g„Z Rš`|
cuvP n‡Z bq ch©šÍRš`mg~‡ni K_v D‡jø‡Li ci Bikv` n‡q‡Q : A_©vr G m‡ei ciI Rš`‡K RxweZ †c‡q Zv h‡en
Kiv n‡j †mUv LvIqv nvjvj|
10|
†`eZvi D‡Ïk¨ ewj †`Iqv Rš`, Avjøvn Qvov †Kvb †`eZv, kw³ ev e¨w³i mš`wói
D‡Ï‡k¨ Rš`-Rv‡bvqvi h‡en ev ewj †`Iqv n‡j ZvI LvIqv nvivg|
c„ôv bs-18
G gnvb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Bikv` K‡ib|16
Ö†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ nvivg n‡q‡Q-1. g„Z Rš`, 2. i³, 3. ïK‡ii gvsm, 4. Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Ac‡ii bv‡g
hevBK…Z cï, 5. k¦vm‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y g„ZRš`, 6. cÕnv‡ii Kvi‡Y g„Z Rš`, 7. c‡o hvIqvi Kvi‡Y
g„ZRš`, 8. wks‡qi AvNv‡Zi Kvi‡Y g„Z Rš` 9. wnsmª cï‡Z LvIqv Rš`, Z‡e hv †Zvgiv hevB Ki‡Z
†c‡iQ Zv e¨ZxZ. 10. hv g~wZ© Ges †`exi Rb¨ ewj †`Iqv nq †m me Rš`, 11. Ryqvi Zxi Øviv fvM¨
wbY©q KivI nvivg| Dc‡i ewY©Z mKj KvR nj cvc|Ó (m~iv Avj-gvwq`v : 3)
3.4 g„Z Rš‘ nvivg nIqvi KviY
K. my¯’ gvbe cÕK…wZ g„Z Rš`‡K N„Yv K‡i| we‡eKevb gvbyl g„Z Rš` LvIqv‡K gvby‡li Rb¨
wbZvšÍB A‡kvfb I nxbKvR e‡j MY¨ K‡i| G Kvi‡Y mKj Avmgvbx wKZv‡e g„Z Rš` LvIqv‡K
nvivg †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
L. g„Z Rš` m¤ú‡K© Avk¼v _v‡K †h, †mwU †Kvb †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y A_ev welv³ e¯` †L‡q gviv
wM‡q‡Q| Giƒc g„Z Rš` Avnvi Ki‡j gvby‡li weivU ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i|
M. gvby‡li Rb¨ g„Z Rš` nvivg K‡i Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Ab¨vb¨ cï-cvwLi Rb¨ Lv‡`¨i e¨e¯’v K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|
Z‡e ivm~jyjøvn (m) `yB cÕKvi g„Z cÕvYx‡K gvby‡li Rb¨ nvjvj K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| GKwU gvQ Avi
AciwU c½cvj| Be‡b Dgi (iv) e‡jbivm~jyjøvn (mv) e‡j‡Qb, Ö†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ `ywU g„Z cÕvYx Ges `y×cÕKv‡ii i³ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q|
g„Z cÕvYx `ywU nj: gvQ I wUwÇ (dwos) Avi `y×cÕKv‡ii i³ nj-KwjRv Ges cøxnv|
16
(m~iv Avj-gvwq`v : 3)
c„ôv bs-19
3.5 †h me Rš‘ nvivg
RxešÍRš`i Ask we‡kl †K‡U †djvi weavb : RxešÍRš`i †Kvb Ask †K‡U wb‡q Zv f¶Y Kiv
nvivg, Avi‡ei †jv‡Kiv RxešÍ`y¤^vi wcQ‡bi w`‡Ki †Z‡ji _wj †K‡U wb‡q Zv Avnvi Ki‡Zv|
gnvbex (m) G KvR‡K nvivg †NvlYv K‡ib| Avey IqvwK` Avj-jvqmx (iv) eY©bv K‡ib :
ÖRxešÍRš`i †Kvb Ask †K‡U †`qv n‡j ZvI g„Z|Ó A_©vr g„Z Rš`i b¨vq †mUvI nvivg|
g„Z gvQ I c½cv‡ji weavb : kixAv‡Zi weavb Abyhvqx g„Z gvQ Avnvi Kiv njvj| bex Kixg
(m)-†K mgy‡`ªi cvwb m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb: ‫م ی ت تھ ھو ال طھور ماءه وال حل‬
Ömgy‡`ªi cvwb cweÎ Ges Zvi g„Z (gvQ) nvjvj|Ó
c½cvj m¤ú‡K© kixAv‡Zi Abyiƒc weavb i‡q‡Q| bex Kixg (m) g„Z c½cvj LvIqvi AbygwZ
w`‡q‡Qb| nhiZ Be‡b Avey jvqjv (iv) e‡jb, ÖAvgiv ivm~jyjøvn (m)-Gi mv‡_ mvZwU
hy×vwfhv‡b AskMÕnY K‡iwQ| ZLb Avgiv Zuvi m‡½ c½cvj Avnvi K‡iwQ|Ó
3.6 g„Z Rš‘i Pvgov. nvo, ckg, wks I bLi e¨envi Kivi weavb
kixAv‡Z g„Z Rš` LvIqv nvivg, wKš` g„Z Rš`i Pvgov, nvo. ckg, wks I bLi e¨envi Kivq
†Kvb †`vl †bB| Z‡e ïKi I KzKzi RxweZ †nvK ev g„Z †nvK G‡`i mewKQzB nvivg|
3.7 ïay gj f¶YKvix cÖvYxi weavb
†Kvb DU, Miæ, QvMj, †gviM-gyiMx BZ¨vw` nvjvj cÕvYx hw` gj †L‡Z Af¨¯Ínq Ges G‡Z Zvi
kix‡i `yM©Ü m„wó nq Z‡e Giƒc cÕvYx‡K ÔRvjøvjv× ejv nq| G ai‡bi cÕvYxi †MvkZ LvIqv Ges
`ya cvb Kiv nvivg| G cÕm‡½ nv`x‡m G‡m‡QBe‡b Dgi (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z| wZwb e‡jb, Öivm~jyjøvn (m) Rvjøvjvi gvsm †L‡Z Ges `ya cvb
Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|Ó
Aci GK nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q- Öivm~jyjøvn (m) Lvqevi hy‡×i w`b M„ncvwjZ Mvavi †MvkZ †L‡Z
wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Ges Rvjøvjvi Dci Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z Ges Zvi †MvkZ †L‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|Ó
c„ôv bs-20
3.8 AcweÎ e¯‘i weavb
kixAv‡Zi GKwU g~jbxwZ, n‡”Q cweÎ e¯` nvjvj Ges AcweÎ e¯` nvivg| G cÕm‡½ Avjøvn
e‡jb- Ö†m Zv‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ e¯` nvjvj K‡i Ges AcweÎ e¯` nvivg K‡i|Ó (m~iv Avj-Avivd
: 157) †h me e¯` mvaviYfv‡e gvbe mgwói my¯’ iæwP‡Z wbK…ó g‡b nq †hgb: †cvKv-gvKo,
DKzb BZ¨vw`- G¸‡jv meB AcweÎ e¯`i AšÍf©y³| nv`x‡m G‡m‡Q Ö†Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ AcweÎ I
wbK…ó e¯` nvivg K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|Ó
3.9 Agymwjg †`k †_‡K cÖvß †Mvk‡Zi weavb
Agymwjg †`k †_‡K Avg`vbxK…Z †MvkZ `yB k‡Z© nvjvj K. nvjvj Rš`i †MvkZ n‡Z n‡e| L.
kixAvZ Aby‡gvw`Z c×wZ‡Z hevBK…Z n‡Z n‡e| D‡jøwLZ kZ© `y×wU bv cvIqv †M‡j †mB
†MvkZ LvIqv nvjvj n‡e bv|
3.10 Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡j kixAv‡Zi weavb
Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡j †Kej Rxeb i¶v cvq G cwigvY nvivg †MvkZ ev e¯` LvIqv ˆea| G e¨vcv‡i gvnvb
Avjøvn e‡jb-
Öwbðq Avjøvn g„Z Rš`, i³, ïK‡ii gvsm Ges †h Rš`‡K Avjøvni bvg e¨ZxZ A‡b¨i bv‡g hevB
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ nvivg K‡i‡Qb|17 wKš` †h e¨w³ Ab‡b¨vcvq A_P †m bvdigvb
wKsev mxgv jsNbKvix bq, †m Zv †_‡K †L‡j Zvi †Kvb cvc n‡e bv| wbðq Avjøvn AZxe
¶gvkxj, cig `qvjy|Ó (m~iv Avj-evKviv : 173)
Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv, Bgvg Avey BDmyd, Bgvg gynv¤§` I Bgvg hydvi (i)-Gi g‡ZA_©vr ÖAb‡b¨vcvq e¨w³ †Kej cÕvY i¶v cvq, g„Z Rš`i G cwigvY †MvkZ Avnvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|Ó A‡b¨i gvwjKvbvaxb
Lv`¨mvgMÕx cvIqv †M‡j Ab‡b¨vcvq e¨w³ Zv †L‡Z cvi‡e, hw`I gvwj‡Ki AbygwZ bv _v‡K| AwaKvsk we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z,
c‡i gvwjK‡K Lv‡`¨i wewbgq cwi‡kva K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| gvwjK Dcw¯’Z _vKv Ae¯’vq hw` Ab‡b¨vcvq e¨w³‡K Lv`¨ w`‡Z
A¯^xKvi K‡i, Z‡e ¶gZv _vK‡j †m Rei`w¯ÍK‡i Lv`¨ MÕnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
17
(m~iv Avj-evKviv : 173)
c„ôv bs-21
PZz_© Aa¨vq
Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi weavbt Zzjbvg~jK we¯ÍvwiZ
ch©v‡jvPbv
4.1 nvjv‡ji ¸iæZ¡ I nvivg wegy³ mgvR
Bmjvg Avjøvni †`qv GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb| gvbyl Avjøvni GK m„wó| gvbyl mn G `ywbqvq I
AvKv‡k, Avjøvni Aviv‡ AmsL¨ m„wó Av‡Q| Gme m„wóB Avjøvni cwiKwíZ| Gme m„wói †miv
m„wó njv‡| gvbyl| gvby‡li wewfbœ DcKv‡i Avmvi Rb¨B Avjøvni Ab¨vb¨ m„wó| Avjøvni m„ó G
`ywbqvB GKgvÎ `ywbqv bq| G `ywbqvi †k‡lI Av‡iv GKwU `ywbqv Av‡Q| IB `ywbqvi bvg
AvwLivZ ev ciKvj| AvwLiv‡Zi | `ywbqvi †kl †bB| Aewa †bB| IB `ywbqvB Avmj `ywbqv| G
`ywbqvi mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ AvwLiv‡Zi RM‡Z Avjøvni `ywU m„wó‡K Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| G
m„wó `y'‡Uv njv‡ wRb I gvbyl| wRb I gvby‡li kixAvZ GK| wKš` gvbe mgvR Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b| Av‡Q e‡j Avgvi Avjv‡Pbv gvbemgv‡Ri g‡a¨B mxgve× _vK‡e| G `ywbqvq gvbe
mgv‡Ri myL-kvwšÍ, DbœwZ-AMªMwZ I mg„w×i Rb¨| Avjøvn bex im~j‡`i gva¨‡g GKwU Rxeb
weavb cvwV‡q‡Qb| G Rxeb weavbwUi bvgB njv‡ Ô`xb Bmjvg'| cª_g bex nhiZ Av`g Avt
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i †kl bex gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg ch©šÍ mKj bexim~j‡KB wZwb Avmgvbx wKZve I mnxdvi gva¨‡g gvbe mgvR cwiPvjbvi mKj w`‡Ki
wb‡`©kbv| w`‡q‡Qb| Gme wb‡`©kbv gZv‡ Rxeb cwiPvwjZ n‡jB ciKv‡ji Rxeb my‡Li I
kvw¯Íi n‡e| G `ywbqvUv ciKvjxb Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Pvlvev‡`i I cix¶vi †¶Î|
eZ©gv‡b Avgiv mK‡jB †kl bex †kªô bex gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvni | D¤§Z| Zvi Dci AeZxY©
Avmgvbx wKZve Avj-KyiAv‡bi †n`vqvZ I w`Kwb‡`©kbvi Avjv‡‡KB cwiPvwjZ nevi Rb¨
Avgiv Avw`ó|
Avjøvni mKj bexi Dci AeZxY© `x‡bi wgkb cwiPvjbvi AMªhvÎvq bex-im~jMY gvbe RvwZ‡K
cª_g †h meK `vb K‡i‡Qb, Zvnjv‡ wkiæK gy³ mgvR MVb Z_v ZvInx` I wimvjv‡Zi wk¶vi |
wfwˇZ GKgvÎ Avjøvni AvbyM‡Z¨i mgvR wewbg©vY| Avjøvn me kw³i Avavi|
c„ôv bs-22
4.2 nvjvj nviv‡gi ¸iæZ¡
nRiZ bygvb Be‡b evkxi (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q, nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Ônvjvj ev
ˆea my¯úó Ges nvivg ev A‰eaI ¯úó| Avi G `yׇqi ga¨eZ©x welq¸‡jv n‡jv m‡›`nRbK|
Avi †ewkifvM †jvKB †m¸‡jv (Gm‡ei cwiPq) Rv‡b bv| AZGe †h e¨w³ IB m‡›`nRbK
wRwbm¸‡jv cwinvi Kij †m Zvi `xb I gvb-m¤§vb‡K cweÎ ivLj| Avi †h e¨w³ m‡›`nRbK
wRwb‡m Rwo‡q coj †m nviv‡gi g‡a¨ c‡o †Mj| †hgb, †Kv‡bv ivLvj (‡Kv‡bv wbwl×) gv‡Vi
Avkcv‡k Miæ Pivq, Avi G‡Z m¤¢vebv Av‡Q †h, †m Zv‡Z (wbwl× gv‡V) Zvi cï XywK‡q †`‡e|
mveavb! wbðqB cª‡Z¨K ev`kvni GKwU wbwl× gvV _v‡K| g‡b †iL, Avjøvni wbwl× gvV n‡jv
Zuvi nvivg wRwbm¸‡jv| Avi mveavb! gvby‡li †`‡ni g‡a¨ GK UyK‡iv †MvkZ Av‡Q, hLb †mB
†Mvk‡Zi UyK‡ivwU my¯’ _v‡K, ZLb †MvUv †`n my¯’ _v‡K, Avi hLb Zv `~wlZ n‡q hvq ZLb †MvUv
†`nUvB Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| †R‡b †iL, GUvB n‡jv Kje ev AšÍi| _eyLvwi I gymwjg
Av‡jvP¨ nvw`‡mi cª_‡gB nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, kwiq‡Z †hme wRwbm nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q
Zv †KviAvb Ges nvw`m Øviv ¯úó D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e kwiq‡Zi nvivg wRwbm¸‡jvI
¯úó D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv MªnY ev eR©b Ki‡Z gvbyl‡K †eM †c‡Z nq bv| wKš` †hme
wRwbm kwiq‡Z ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nqwb, †m m¤ú‡K© nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, ÔAvi G
`yׇqi ga¨eZ©x welq¸‡jv n‡jv m‡›`nRbK| Avi †ewkifvM †jvKB †m¸‡jv Rv‡b bv|× A_©vr
`ywbqvq A‡bK wRwbm Av‡Q †h¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© kwiq‡Z ¯úófv‡e nvjvj ev nvivg Zv D‡jøL Kiv
nqwb, hv we‡klÁ Av‡jg Qvov mvaviY †jvK‡`i Rvbv m¤¢e bq| myZivs mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk
†jv‡KiB †mme welq m¤ú‡K© (nvjvj-nvivg) evQwePvi Kiv m¤¢e bq| AZGe G ai‡bi
m‡›`nRbK wRwbm m¤ú‡K© †jvK‡`i KiYxq Kx n‡e Zvi bxwZgvjv D‡jøL K‡i nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn
(mv.) nvw`‡mi cieZ©x As‡k e‡jb, ÔAZGe †h e¨w³ IB m‡›`nRbK wRwbm¸‡jv‡K cwinvi
Kij †m Zvi `xb I gvb-m¤§vb‡K cweÎ ivLj| Avi †h e¨w³ m‡›`nRbK wRwb‡m Rwo‡q coj
†m nviv‡gi g‡a¨ c‡o †Mj|× nvw`‡mi G As‡k m‡›`nRbK wRwbm Z¨vM Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
GKRb ci‡nRMvi †jv‡Ki KvR n‡e hLb †m †Kv‡bv m‡›`nRbK wRwb‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡e ZLb
m‡½ m‡½ Zv cwinvi Kiv| †Kbbv G‡Z Zvi `xb msiw¶Z nq A_©vr nvivg †_‡K euvP‡Z cv‡i
Ges nvivg †_‡K euvPvi Kvi‡Y Zvi †`n-gb cweÎ _v‡K Ges gvb-m¤§vbI i¶v cvq| Acic‡¶
c„ôv bs-23
†h e¨w³ Gme m‡›`nRbK wRwb‡m Rwo‡q c‡o A_P Zvi Rvbv †bB †h GUv nvjvj bv nvivg;
myZivs Gme m‡›`nRbK wRwbm MªnY Kivi Kvi‡Y nviv‡gi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡q wb‡Ri `xb‡K
aŸsm K‡i Ges nvivg f¶‡Yi Kvi‡Y `ywbqv Ges AvwLiv‡Z †m AcgvwbZ I jvwÃZ nq| wKš`
Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri †ewkifvM †jvK‡KB †`Lv hvq †Kv‡bv m‡›`nhy³ A_ev weZwK©Z wRwbm‡K
nvjvj Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ d‡Zvqvi Rb¨ †QvUvQywU K‡i †eovq Ges wewfbœ Kvq`v-Kvby‡bi gva¨‡g Zv
MªnY Kivi †Póv K‡i|
myZivs Kje Ges †`n‡K my¯’, cweÎ I Kjylgy³ ivL‡Z n‡j nvjvj c‡_ A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z
n‡e; nvjvj MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| nvivg I m‡›`nRbK wRwbm cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| mr I Kjylgy³
Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi hZ cªKv‡ii Ab¨vq, Amr I cv‡ci c_ i‡q‡Q, Zv eR©b Ki‡Z
n‡e| †Kbbv gvbyl hLb †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq I cvcKvR K‡i ZLb Zvi AšÍtKi‡Yi Ici cªfve c‡o|
nRiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÔAvi hLb Zv `~wlZ ev Lvivc n‡q hvq ZLb †MvUv
†`nUvB Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o|× myZivs Kj¦‡K c~Z-cweÎ ivLvi Rb¨ mKj cªKvi nvivg Ges
m‡›`nRbK wRwbm‡K eR©b K‡i kwiq‡Z hv ¯úó nvjvj Zv MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mKj cªKvi
¸bvni KvR †_‡K `~‡i †_‡K mr I †bwKi KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB gvby‡li †MvUv †`‡ni
cªwZwU A½-cªZ¨½ mr, Kj¨vYKi I †bwKi Kv‡R RwoZ n‡e|
Dc‡ivwjøwLZ nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡`i Rb¨ †hme wk¶Yxq welq i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv- kwiq‡Z
†hme wRwbm‡K ¯úófv‡e nvjvj †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †hme wRwbm‡K
¯úófv‡e nvivg K‡i‡Q, Zv †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e|
¯úó nvivg eR©b Kivi ci †hme wRwbm m‡›`nRbK ZvI eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv m‡›`nRbK
wRwbm MªnY Ki‡j nviv‡g Rwo‡q covi mg~n m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| m‡›`nRbK wRwbm eR©b Kiv
gyËvwK‡`i ˆewkó¨| nviv‡g Rwo‡q covi f‡q cª‡qvRb n‡j nvjvj wRwbmI eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
gb‡K cweÎ Ges Kjylgy³ ivLvi Rb¨ nvjvj, ˆea Dcv‡q DcvwR©Z iæwR †L‡Z n‡e Ges Lvivc,
Ab¨vq I ¸bvni KvR †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv g‡bi fv‡jv-g‡›`i Ici wbf©i K‡i
†`‡ni cªwZwU A½-cªZ¨‡½i fv‡jv-g›` Kv‡Ri ZrciZv| Rvbœv‡Z †h‡Z n‡j ˆea Dcv‡q AwR©Z
iæwR Øviv †`n MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Gi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Q Bev`Z Keyj nIqv-bv-nIqv|
c„ôv bs-24
4.3 gymjgv‡bi e¨w³ Rxe‡b nvjvj I nvivg
mg¯’ cªmskv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi Rb¨ whwb nvjvj wiwhK Zvjvk Kiv Avgv‡`i Dci diR K‡i
w`‡q‡Qb, Ges j¶ †KvwU `iæ` I mvjvg H bexi(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Dci whwb
nvjvj wiwhK Zvjv‡ki e¨vcv‡i D¤§Z‡K Lye ZvwK` w`‡q‡Qb|Ges
4.4 nvjvj nviv‡gi mydj Kzdj
mg¯’ cªmskv Avjøvn Zvqvjvi Rb¨ whwb nvjvj wiwhK Zvjvk Kiv Avgv‡`i Dci diR K‡i
w`‡q‡Qb, Ges j¶ †KvwU `iæ` I mvjvg H bexi(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Dci whwb
nvjvj wiwhK Zvjv‡ki e¨vcv‡i D¤§Z‡K Lye ZvwK` w`‡q‡Qb|Ges
Zvi cwievi I Avmnv‡ei Dci hviv nvivg †_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K euvwP‡q †i‡L‡Qb|
ivmyj(`:)nvw`‡m cv‡K Gikv` K‡i‡Qb|
A_©vr gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ggb GK Kvj Avm‡e,wiwhK Zvjv‡ki e¨vcv‡i †Kvb ciIqvbv Ki‡ebv,GUv
wK nvjvj n‡”Q bv nvivg hvQvq I Ki‡eb bv|
eZ©gvb mgv‡Ri cªwZ ZvKv‡jB eySv hvq,ivmyj(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gi nvw`m
†gvZv‡eK KvjUv Avgvi Kv‡Q we`¨gvb,eZ©gvb gvbyl PvB ïay UvKv cqmv AR©b Ki‡Z nvjvj
wKsev nvivg n‡”Q |H w`‡K `„wó †`qbv, ZvB Avwg Aag ms‡¶‡c nviv‡gi Dci Av‡jvPbv Kie
hv‡Z cvVK e„›` c‡o wb‡R‡K nvivg †_‡K weiZ iv‡L|Avjjvn& Zv×Avjv †ZØwdK `vb KiæK
Avwgb!
Avjjvn Zv×Avjv †KviAvb Kwi‡g Gikv` K‡ib
‡n Cgvb`vi MY Avwg †Zvgv‡`i †K hv wiwhK w`‡qwQ Zv †_‡K cweÎ ¸‡jv LvI|
Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Avjjvn Zv×Avjv e‡jb,
Avjjvn Zuvi ivmyj‡`i m‡¤^vab K‡i e‡jb, †n ivmyjiv Avcbviv nvjvj Lvb Ges fvj KvR
K‡ib|
Gfv‡e †KviAv‡b cv‡Ki wewfbœ Avqv‡Z Avjjvn Zv×Avjv Zvi ev›`v‡`i Av‡`k w`‡q‡Q, nvjvj
†L‡q nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ A_P gvbyl Avjjvn I Zvi nvexe (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjøvg) ûKy‡gi w`‡K bRi K‡ibv, `ywbqv wb‡q Ggb ev‡e gMœ n‡q †M‡Q, g‡b n‡”Q GUvB ¯’vqx
c„ôv bs-25
†m Rb¨ †KviAv‡b Avjjvn& Zv×Avjv e‡jb, ÔÔeis †Zvgiv `ywbqv‡K cªvavY¨ w`”Q A_P AvwLivZ
DËg I ¯’vqx|
Avgiv ciKv‡ji Rb¨ GKUyI wPgZv Kwibv, Ke‡i AvwLiv‡Zi kvwgZi Kvgbv I Kwibv| wb‡Ri
kixi †K nvivg †_‡K euvPv‡Z bv cvi‡j ciKv‡j Rvnvbœvg Qvov Zvi †Kvb Dcvq bvB| Avjjvn&
Zv×Avjv Avgv‡`i wndvRZ KiæK|Avwgb!
nvjvj wiwhK Zvjvk Kiv diR
bvgvR,‡ivRv,nR¡ I hvKvZ †h fv‡e diR nvjvj A‡š^lb KivI dih †hgbt
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, nvjvj wiwhK Zvjvk Kiv di‡Ri ci diR
(KyZyj Kyjye, evqnvK¡x)
nvjvj wiwhK A‡š^l‡bi dwhjZ
nvw`‡m cv‡K ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e¨vcK fA‡e DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb nvjvj
wiwhK Zvjv‡k †hgb,
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, †h e¨w³ Avcb cwievi †K nvjvj wiwhK
†`Iqvi †¶‡Î †Póv K‡i H e¨w³ Avjjvni iv¯Ívq wRnv` Kvixi gZ Geq †h e¨w³ `ywbqv‡K
Zvjvk Ki‡e nvjv‡ji gva¨‡g Zvi gh©v`v knx‡`i gZ|(KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ wb‡R‡K jvwÂZ K‡i nvjvj Zvjvk K‡i
nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _v‡K, iveeyj Avjvwgb Zv‡K wQwÏKx‡bi mv‡_ nvki Kiv‡eb Ges wKqvg‡Zi
KvZv‡i knx`‡`i KvZv‡i cª‡gkb Ki‡eb| (KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e‡jb †h e¨w³ Pvq Zvi K¡j‡e Avjvjvn Zvqvjvi fq m„wó
†nvK Ges wQwÏKxb‡`i wb`©kbvqZvq K¡je †Lv‡j hvK, Zvi DwPZ †m †hb nvjvj wiwhK Zvjvk
K‡i Ges mybœvZ KvR K‡i, mybœv‡Zi wLjvc KvR †_‡K weiZ _‡K| (KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib †h e¨w³ nvjvj wiwhK Lv‡e Ges mybœvZ
†gvZv‡eK KvR Ki‡e †m GB RvZ~i Ave`vj Z_v †ejvq‡Zi DuPy ¯’v‡b Avwmb n‡e| (KyZyj
Kyjye)
nvivg wiwhK †L‡q KL‡bv Rvbœv‡Z hvIqv hv‡e bv|‡hgb-
c„ôv bs-26
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, †h kix‡ii gvsm nviv‡g MwVZ H kixi
Rvbœv‡Z cª‡ek Ki‡e bv eis Rvnvbœvg ZKvi AwaK nK¡`vi A_©vr Rvnvbœvg Qvov DcvB bvB|
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib,‡h kix‡ii Lv`¨ nvivg wQj H kixi wb‡q
Rvbœv‡Z hvIqv hv‡ebv| (evqnvK¡x, wgkKvZ)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib,‡h gvbyl nvivg m¤ú` AR©b K‡i Ges
†mLvb †_‡K Q`Kv K‡i, nvivg Q`Kv MªnY K‡i, A_ev †Kvb wKQy LiP K‡i bv eis evov‡Z
_v‡K, Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci m¤ú` ¸‡jv †i‡L hvq, me cªKv‡i Zvi Rb¨ Av¸b evo‡Z
_v‡K|A_©vr (m¤ú` ¸jv Av¸b n‡q Zv‡K kvw¯Í †`‡e) wbð iveeIj Avjvgxb Lvivc w`‡q
Lvivc‡K gy‡Q †`qbv , eis fvj w`‡q Lvivc‡K gy‡Q †`q| LAweP m¤ú` LwePZv‡K `~i K‡i
bv| ( Avng`, ki‡n mybœvn)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, †h e¨w³ nvivg m¤ú` AR©b K‡i Zvi
†_‡K Q`Kv LvBivZ K‡i Avjøvn Zvi gQ`Kv †K K¡eyj Ki‡eb bv| (KyZyj Kyjye)
Ihgb Ab¨ nv‡`‡m ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, ÔÔwbðq Avjøvn Zv×Avjv
cweÎ Qvov K¡eyj Ki‡eb bv| (wgkKvZ)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib,‡h e¨w³ †c‡U nvivg LvIqv wb‡q bvgvR
c‡o A_ev Zvi wc‡V nvivg eySv wb‡q bvgvR c‡o, Zvi bvgvR K¡ey n‡ebv| (KyZyj Kyjye)
AvR Kvj gvbyl nvivg LAq Ges gmwR‡`i cª_g KvZv‡i e‡m bvgvR Av`vq K‡i, miKv‡ii
digvb †gvZv‡eK Zvi bvgvR MªnYxq bq|
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib,Avg‡ji hvKvZ nj nvjvj LvIqv , LvIqvi
hw` nvjvj nq Avgj cweÎ I Kj¨vYgq n‡e, bZyev nvivg †L‡q †L‡q ivZ fi Bev`Z Ki‡j
†Kvb dv‡q`v n‡e bv|
(wgkKvZ ,KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ njvj AR©b Ki‡Z j¾v K‡i †m KL‡bv
mdjZv AR~b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib,nvivg LvIqv , nvivg Zvjvk Kiv Ges
nvivg KvD‡K LvIqv‡bv dvwm‡Ki KvR| (KyZyj Kyjye)
c„ôv bs-27
nvjvj LvIqv †`vqv K¡ey‡ji gva¨g
nvjvj LvIqvi †L‡q Avjøvni `iev‡i †`vqv Ki‡j K¡eyj n‡q hvq c¶všÍ‡i hvi kix‡i nvivg
i‡q‡Q †m ivZ w`b †`vqv Ki‡j K¡eyj n‡e bv| †hgb nhiZ mv×` Be‡b Avwe IqvKKvm (ivwØqvjøvû Zv×Avjv Avbû) wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Bqv ivmyjvjøvn
(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Avjøvn Avgv‡K wKfv‡e gy¯ÍvRvey` `vIqvZ (hvi †`vqv mv‡_mv‡_
K¡eyj nq )evbv‡eb? ivmyj(mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) DËi w`‡jb Zywg †Zvgvi Lv`¨‡K
cweÎ Ki‡j w`vqv mv‡_ mv‡_ K¡eyj n‡q hv‡e| (KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, †`vqv Avmgv‡b AvU‡K c‡o _v‡K Lv`¨
nvivg nIqvi Kvi‡Y| (KyZyj Kyjye)
ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gikv` K‡ib, iveeyj Avjvgxb ev›`vi †`vqv K¡eyj K‡ib
bv hZ¶b bv Zv‡`i LvIqvi nvjvj I Avgj fvj n‡e bv| (KyZyj Kyjye)
nv¾vR web BDmy‡di NUbv
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Aek¨B Rvbv Av‡Q nv¾vR web BDmyd bvgK evM`v‡` GK AZ¨vPvix ev`kv
ivRØ K‡iwQj, GKw`b Zvi `iev‡ii GK`~Z G‡m ejj ûRyi Avcwb Ryjyg Ki‡Z eZ©gv‡b GKUy
wPšÍ K‡i Kwi‡qb, nv¾vR e‡j †Kb ? †m ejj evM`v‡` GK `j Avjøvni ev›`v cª‡ek K‡i‡Q
hviv nvZ Zyj‡jB †`vqv K¡eyi n‡q hvq| Zviv hw` Avcbvi weiæ‡× e`& †`vqv K‡i †`q Avcbvi
ivRØ P‡j hv‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ n¾vR wKQy¶Y Pyc giDj Zvi ci ejj Zywg hvI Zv‡`i‡K Avgvi
kvnx `iev‡i `vIqvZ w`‡q Avm| `~ wM‡q H `jUv‡K `vIqvZ w`‡q Av‡m, wbw`©ó mgq †gvZvweK
Zviv Avm‡jb, ev`kv mn Zv‡`i †gngvb`vjx Ki‡jb, Zv‡`i †K we`vq †`Ihvi ci nv¾vR
Zvi Avm‡b G‡m Lye nuvm‡P ZLb `~Z †`‡L wRÁvm K‡i ûRyi Avcwb GZ Avbw›`Z †Kb?
ev`kvn ejj Avgvi †h fq wQj AvR‡K Zv P‡j †M‡Q| Zywg †h Avgv‡K Lei w`‡qwQ‡j H `jUv
nvZ Zyj‡jB †`vqv K¡eyj, AvR †_‡K mv‡_ mv‡_ K¡eyj n‡ebv |KZ¥Y Avwg Zv‡`i †K nvivg
LA`¨ LvIqvq w`‡qwQ | ivmyj (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) e‡jwQ‡jb , hvi †c‡U nvivg
Xy‡K †M‡Q Zvi †`vqv K¡eyj n‡ebv| D‡jøwLZ nvw`m I NUbv †_‡K Avgiv eySwZ cvwi , hviv
nvivg †_‡K †eu‡P _v‡Kbv Zv‡`i w`vqv Avjøvni `iev‡i K¡eyj n‡ebv| wKš` `yt‡Li welq eZ©gvb
mgv‡R niv‡gi e¨vcv‡i Lye D`vmxb| †h †hw`‡K cv‡i Kvi †_‡K †K cqmv Iqvjv n‡Z cv‡i, Zv
wb‡q cªwZ‡hvwMZv w`‡”Q , nvjvj, nvivg cv_©K¨ Ki‡Qbv|
c„ôv bs-28
4.5 nvjvj-nvivg †NvlYv Kivi AwaKvi GKgvÎ Avjøvni
Avjøvn&i Bmjvg wØZxq †gØj bxwZ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Q †h, nvjvj-nvivg †NvlYv Kivi AwaKvi
†KejgvÎ m„wóKZ©v Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi| m„wói nvZ †_‡K G KZ©…Z¡ †K‡o †bqv n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn&i
Øx‡bi ev ˆelwqKZvi `„wó‡Z Zvi gh©v`v hv-B †nvK bv †Kb, G AwaKvi Kv‡iviB †bB| G KZ©…Z¡
†KejgvÎ Avjøvn&i AwaKvi e‡j ¯^xK„Ze¨| Av‡jg, cxi-`i‡ek, ivRv-ev`kvn&, †bZv, Avjøvn&i
ev›`v‡`i Ici †Kvb wKQy nvivg Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi Kv‡iv †bB| hw` †KD Zv Kivi `ytmvnm
K‡i Zvn‡j eyS‡e n‡e †m Avjøvn&i wba©vwiZ mxgv jsNb Ki‡Q| Øxbx AvBb-weavb cªYq‡b Avjøvn&
i wbisKyk AwaKvi‡K hviv †K‡o wb‡Z Pv‡”Q, Zv‡`i G KvR‡K hviv Lywk g‡b †g‡b †b‡e I
MªnY Ki‡e, AbymiY Ki‡e, Zviv Avjøvni mv‡_ Zv‡`i kixK Kivi g‡Zv gvivZ¥K Aciva
Ki‡e| wki‡Ki G Aciva Avjøvn& wKQy‡ZB ¶gv Ki‡e bv| m~iv Avk-ïivi c~‡e©v×…Z AvqvZwU
GLv‡bI cwVZe¨t I‡`i wK Ggb kixK ev Dcvm¨ Av‡Q bvwK, hviv I‡`i R‡b¨ Øx‡bi Ggb
weavb iPbv K‡i w`‡”Q, hvi R‡b¨ Avjøvn& †Kvb AbygwZB †`b wb? Bqvn~`x I Lªx÷vbiv nvjvjnvivg wba©vi‡Yi wbisKyk KZ©…Z¡ w`‡qwQj Zv‡`i cv`ªx I cwÐZ‡`i| KyiAvb gRx` G w`‡K B½Z
K‡iB e‡j‡Qt Iiv Avjøvn‡K ev` w`‡q I‡`i cv`ªx-cwÐZ‡`i †Lv`v evwb‡q wb‡q‡Q Avi Cmv
gmxn&‡K| A_P I‡`i wb‡`©k †`qv n‡qwQj †KejgvÎ GK Avjøvn&i `vmZ¡ I e‡›`Mx Ki‡Z|
Avm‡j †m Avjøvn& Qvov Bjvn Avi †KD bq- †bB|18 wZwb me©vZ¥Kfv‡e cweÎ, I‡`i wki‡Ki
A‡bK E‡aŸ© wZwb| (m~iv ZvIevt 31)
Avjx Be‡b nvwZg c~‡e Lªx÷ ag© Aej¤^bKvix wQ‡jb| wZwb Bmjvg MªnY K‡i hLb †`L‡Z
†c‡jb, bex Kixg mv. D³ AvqvZ co‡Qb, ZLb wZwb ej‡jbt
‡n ivm~j! Iiv †Zv I‡`i cv`ªx-cwÐZ‡`i Bev`Z K‡iwb?
ivm~‡j Kvixg mv. Rev‡e ej‡jbt ZvB bvwK? G cv`ªx-cwÐZivB †Zv I‡`i R‡b¨ nvjvj-nvivg
wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q Ges Iiv Zv-B mvMª‡n HKvwšÍKfv‡e †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| Avi KyiAv‡b GUv‡KB
18
(m~iv ZvIevt 31)
c„ôv bs-29
ejv n‡q‡Q I‡`i ÔBev`Z× A_©vr Giƒc KivB Bev`Z| ÔBev`Z× ej‡Z hv †evSvq, Zv Iiv
K‡i‡Q †mB cv`ªx-cwÐZ‡`i| [wZiwghx cªf„wZ]
Aci GKwU eY©bvq ejv n‡q‡Q, bex Kvixg mv. DcwiD³ AvqvZwUi e¨vL¨v `vb ch©v‡q e‡j‡Qbt
Iiv I‡`i cv`ªx-cwÐZ‡`i e‡›`Mx KiZ bv, G K_v wK mZ¨? wKš` cªK„Z e¨vcvi GB †h, G cv`ªxcwÐZiv hLb †Kvb wRwbm‡K Zv‡`i R‡b¨ nvjvj †NvlYv KiZ, ZLb ZvivI †mUv‡K nvjvjiƒ‡c
MªnY K‡i wbZ Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e hLb Iiv Zv‡`i R‡b¨ †Kvb wRwbm‡K nvivg e‡j w`Z, Agwb
Zviv †mUv‡K nvivg †g‡b wbZ| e¯ÍyZ KvD‡K Giƒc AwaKvi ev gh©v`v `vbB n‡”Q Zvi Bev`Z
Kiv|
Lªx÷vbiv wPiKvj G wek¦vmB †cvlY K‡i Avm‡Q †h, nhiZ Cmv gmxn& Av. EaŸ©‡jv‡K P‡j
hvIqvi c~‡e© Zuvi QvÎ-mvMwi`‡`i nvjvj-nvivg Kivi c~Y© KZ©…Z¡ w`‡q †M‡Qb| Zviv wb‡R‡`i
B‡”QgZ nvjvj-nvivg †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i| BwÄj gw_ Mª‡š’ D×…Z n‡q‡Qt
Avwg †Zvgvw`M‡K mZ¨ Kwn‡ZwQ, †Zvgiv c„w_ex‡Z hvnv wKQy eÜ Kwi‡e, Zvnv ¯^‡M© eÜ nB‡e
Ges c„w_ex‡Z hvnv wKQy gy³ Kwi‡e, Zvnv ¯^‡M© gy³ nB‡e|
gykwiK‡`i m¤ú‡K© KyiAvb gRx‡` ejv n‡q‡Q- Zviv Avjøvn&i AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K wbR‡ivB
nvjvj-nvivg wba©viY K‡i‡Q|
Bikv` Kiv n‡q‡Qt ‡Zvgiv wK †f‡e †`‡LQ, Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡`i wih&K †h w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi g‡a¨
nvjvj-nvivg †Zvgiv wba©vwiZ K‡i wb‡q‡Q? ej, Avjøvn wK †Zvgv‡`i Zv Kivi AbygwZ
w`‡q‡Qb, bv †Zvgiv Avjøvn&i bv‡g wg_¨v K_v evwb‡q e‡jQ? (m~iv BDb~mt 59)
Avjøvn AviI e‡j‡Qbt
‡Zvgv‡`i gy‡L hv Av‡m Zv-B e‡j w`I bv- GUv nvjvj I GUv nvivg| G‡Z Avjøvni bv‡g m¤ú~Y©
wg_¨v K_v Pvjv‡bv n‡e|19 Avi hvivB Avjøvn&i bv‡g G ai‡Yi wg_¨v K_v cªPvi K‡i, Zviv
KLbB Kj¨vY ev mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (m~iv bnjt 116)
19
(m~iv bnjt 116)
c„ôv bs-30
G me my¯úó AKvU¨ AvqvZ I nv`xmmg~n †_‡K wbtm‡›`‡n Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z cviv hvq †h, nvjvjnvivg wba©viY I †NvlYvi GKgvÎ AwaKvi gnvb Avjøvn&i| GKgvÎ Avjøvn& Qvov G AwaKvi Ab¨
Kv‡iv †bB, _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb wb‡RB G KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv wZwb Zuvi wb‡Ri Kvjvg
KyiAvb gRx‡` e‡j w`‡q‡Qb, bv nq Zuvi bex-ivm~‡ji evYx‡Z †NvlYv Kwi‡q‡Qb| nvjvj-nvivg
KiY ch©v‡q Avjøvn&i wm×všÍ‡K jsNb Kivi †Kvb AwaKviB Kv‡iv †bB| wdKvnwe`MY Zv K‡ibI
wb| KyiAvb gRx‡` e‡jB †`qv n‡q‡Qt
Avjøvn hv wKQy †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv wZwb wb‡RB my¯úó I wfbœ wfbœ K‡i †Zvgv‡`i
R‡b¨ e‡j w`‡q‡Qb| (m~iv Avb×Avgt 119)
e¯ÍyZ nvjvj-nvivg wba©viYI wK Rv‡qh, wK bvRv‡qh, Zv †gØwjKfv‡e I wbR¯^ gwR© Abyhvqx
wPwýZ Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi ev KZ©…Z¡B wdKvnwe`‡`i †bB| †Kbbv GUv †Zv Øxbx kixqZ iPbv
ch©v‡qi KvR| wdKvnwe`MY BRwZnv` Ki‡Z cv‡ib, kixq‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Zuv‡`i gZvgZ- †bZ„Z¡
¯^xK„Ze¨| Zv m‡Ë¡I Zuviv †Kvb wel‡q d‡Zvqv w`‡Z ixwZgZ fq †c‡Zb| GKR‡bi Kv‡Q
d‡Zvqv PvIqv n‡j wZwb Ab¨ R‡bi Kv‡Q †h‡Z e‡j wb‡R G KvR Gwo‡q †h‡Zb| †Kbbv
Zuv‡`i fq wQj, G KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kvb fyj K‡i em‡Z cv‡ib, nvjvj‡K nvivg ev Gi
wecixZ Kivi Aciva n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi Zv Kiv wKQy‡ZB DwPZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
Bgvg kvdC Zuvi (Aviex) Mª‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ Kvhx Ave~ BDm~‡di K_v D×…Z
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qbt
ÔAvwg wecyj msL¨K myweÁ myweÁ I Øxb cvi`k©x‡`i †`‡LwQ| Zuviv d‡Zvqv †`qv cQ›` K‡ib
bv| †Kvb wRwbm‡K Zuviv mivmwi nvjvj ev nvivg ejvi cwie‡Z© KyiAv‡b hv Av‡Q, †Kvbiƒc
e¨vL¨v Qvov Zv e‡j †`qv‡KB h‡_ó g‡b Ki‡Zb| wewkó Zv‡eqx Av‡jg Bebym mv‡qe e‡j‡Qbt
†Zvgiv †m iKg †jvK n‡e bv †h e‡j, Avjøvn& AgyK wRwbmwU nvjvj K‡i‡Qb wKsev GUv Avjøvni
Lye cQ›`| †Kbbv wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn ej‡eb, Ôbv Avwg IUv‡K nvjvj K‡iwQjvg, Avi bv
IUv Avgvi cQ›` wQj|Õ †Zgwb †m e¨w³i gZI †hb †Zvgvi Ae¯’v bv nq, †h e‡j ÔAgyK
wRwbmUv Avjøvn nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| wKš` wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn ej‡eb, ÔZyB wg_¨vev`x, Avwg
†Zv IUv‡K nvivg Kwiwb, I KvR Ki‡Z wb‡laI K‡i †`Bwb| K~dvi cªL¨vZ Zv‡eqx wdKvn&
c„ôv bs-31
wekvi` Beivnxg bLqx m¤ú‡K© D×…Z n‡q‡Q, Zuvi QvÎ-kvMwi`MY hLb d‡Zvqv w`‡Zb, ZLb,
GUv gvKiƒn wKsev G‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bB, cªf„wZ ai‡Yi K_v ej‡Zb| †Kbbv †Kvb wRwbm‡K
nvjvj ev nvivg e‡j wba©viY Kivi gZ `vwqZ¡nxb KvR Avi wKQy n‡Z cv‡i bv|
kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Be‡b ZvBwgqv e‡j‡Qbt
‡h wRwbmUvi nvivg nIqvi K_v wbwðZ-wbw`©ó-AKvU¨fv‡e Rvbv †M‡Q, †KejgvÎ †mB wRwbmUv
Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb wRwb‡mi †¶‡Î cªv_wgK Kv‡ji gbxlxMY KLbI nvivg kãwU cª‡qvM Ki‡Zb
bv|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Bgvg Avng` Be‡b nv¤^j i.- †K †Kvb wel‡q wR‡Ám Kiv n‡j Rev‡e wZwb
ej‡Zbt Avwg IUv‡K gvKiƒn g‡b Kwi A_ev Avwg IUv‡K fvj g‡b Kwi bv ev cQ›` Kwi bv×|
Bgvg gvwjK, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg‡`i m¤ú‡K©I G K_vB mZ¨|
4.6 nvjvj‡K nvivg I nvivg‡K nvjvKib wkiK ch©v‡q Aciva
‡h me †jvK wbR wbR ¯^fv‡e nvjvj-nvivgKi‡Yi AwaKvix e‡j wb‡R‡`i g‡b K‡i, Bmjvg
Zv‡`i weiæ‡× Zxeª wb›`v Ávcb K‡i‡Q| we‡klfv‡e nvjvj‡K hviv nvivg e‡j, Zv‡`i Ici
Bmjv‡gi AvµgY AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi| †Kbbv Gi d‡j gvbyl AKviY msKxY©Zv I K„”QªZvi g‡a¨ c‡o
hvq, A_P Avjøvn& †Zv wecyj cªk¯ÍZv `vb K‡i‡Qb| Giƒc bxwZi d‡j †jvK‡`i g‡b wfwËnxb
K„”QªZv I m~¶èZv Aej¤^‡bi cªeYZv cªej n‡q D‡V A_P bex Kixg mv. G K„”QªZv m~¶èwZ m~¶èZvi
cªeYZv‡K K‡Vvi fvlvq cwinvi K‡i Pj‡Z e‡j‡Qb| G bxwZ Aej¤^bKvix‡`i cªwZ wZwb Zxeª
N„Yv cªKvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qbt
mveavb! Øxb-Bmjv‡gi LyuwUbvwU e¨vcv‡i K‡VviZvKvixiv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q.. aŸsm
n‡q †M‡Q| (gymwjg, Avngv`, Ave~ `vD`)
wZwb gynv¤§v`x wimvjv‡Zi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv cªm‡½ e‡j‡Qbt
Avwg Ggb GK Øxbmn †cªwiZ n‡qwQ, hv GKgyLx, HKvwšÍK I mycªk¯Í|
c„ôv bs-32
e¯ÍyZ Øxb Bmjvg †h AvKx`v-wek¦vm I ZInx`-mªóv‡K me©w`K w`‡q GK I Askx`vinxb gvb¨
Kivi e¨vcv‡i GKK Av`k©ev`x Ges kixqvZ I Kg©weav‡bi e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y© D`vi I cªk¯Í, Zv‡Z
†KvbB m‡›`n †bB| wkiK Ges nvjvj‡K nvivg Ki‡Yi KvRwU Zvi m¤ú~Y© cwicš’x|
GKwU nv`x‡m bex Kvixg mv. Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Avjøvn Zv×Avjv Bikv` K‡i‡Qbt
Avwg Avgvi ev›`v‡`i GKgyLx HKvwšÍK Av`‡k©i Ici m„wó K‡iwQ| wKš` kqZv‡biv Zv‡`i
cª‡ivwPZ I weåvšÍ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i Ici †mme wRwbm‡K nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Q, hv Avwg nvjvj
K‡iwQjvg| Zv‡`i ûKyg w`‡q‡Q Avgvi mv‡_ Ggb wKQy‡K kixK evbvevi, hv‡`i Avgvi mv‡_
kixK nIqvi †Kvb mb` Avwg KL‡bvB bvwhj Kwiwb| (gymwjg)
G †_‡K my¯úófv‡e cªgvwYZ n‡jv †h, nvjvj‡K nvivg ejv wkiK ch©v‡qi KvR| Avie gykwiKiv
†h wkiK KiZ, g~wZ©c~Rv KiZ, †¶Z-dmj I Rš`-Rv‡bvqv‡ii b¨vq cweÎ wRwbm¸‡jv‡K
wb‡R‡`i R‡b¨ nvivg evwb‡q wb‡qwQj, KyiAvb gRx` †mR‡b¨ Zv‡`i cªwZ Zxeª †ivl cªKvk
K‡i‡Q| †Kbbv G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv †Kvb mb` ev mg_©b bvwhj K‡ib wb| enxiv,
mv‡qiv, Amxjv I nvg- GmeB wQj Zv‡`i nvivg Kiv Rš`¸‡jvi bvg| Dóªx cuvPwU ev”Pv cªme
Ki‡j I †kl ev”PvwU cyiæl n‡j G gykwiKiv †m DóªxwUi Kvb †K‡U w`Z| Zvi c„‡ô mIqvi nIqv
wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i Zv‡`i Dcvm¨ †`e‡`ex‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ gy³ K‡i w`Z| AZtci †m DóªxwU‡K
h‡en Kiv ev Zvi Ici †evSv Pvcv‡bv meB m¤ú~Y© nvivg e‡j †NvlYv KiZ| cvwb-NvU wKsev
PviYf~wg †_‡K †mUv‡K ZvovbI m¤¢eci n‡Zv bv| G DóªxwUi bvg w`Z Ôenxiv× A_©vr Kvb KvUv
Dóªx| Ômv‡qiv× ejv n‡Zv †m DóªxwU‡K †hwU‡K Zvi gvwjK we‡`k mdi †_‡K wd‡i G‡m ev
†ivMgyw³ jvf K‡i †`eZv‡`i bv‡g DrmM© K‡i †Q‡o w`Z| Qvox m&Îx Qvbv cªme Ki‡j wb‡Ri
AwaKv‡ii g‡b KiZ| Avi cyiæl Qvbv cªme Ki‡j g‡b KiZ IUvi Ici †`eZv‡`i AwaKvi
cªwZwôZ n‡q †M‡Q| Avi cyiæl m&Îx Dfq ai‡Yi Qvbv cªme Ki‡j cyiæl Qvbv‡K †`eZv‡`i
D‡Ï‡k¨ ewj`v‡bi cwie‡Z© †mUv‡K gy³ K‡i w`Z| ZLb †mUvi bvg nZ ÔAmxjv×| Avi †h Dóªxi
kve‡Ki kveK †evSv en‡bi Dchy³ n‡Zv †m e„×v Dóªx‡K †evSv enb I mIqvixi Kv‡R e¨envi
Kiv wbwl× n‡q †hZ| GUviB bvg n‡Zv Ônvg×|
c„ôv bs-33
Gfv‡e G Rš`¸‡jv‡K nvivg g‡b Kiv‡K KyiAvb gRx` Zxeª fvlvq cªwZev` K‡i‡Q| wcZ„
cyiæl‡`i AÜ AbymiY Ki‡Z wM‡q G ai‡Yi KvR Kiv †h †Kvbµ‡gB DwPZ bq, Zv KyiAvb
gRx` my¯úó fvlvq e‡j w`‡q‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Qt Avjøvn& enxiv, mv‡qiv, Amxjv Ges nvg cªf„wZ
wKQyB evbvb wb| G Kvwdiiv Avjøvn&i bv‡g wg_¨v Acev` w`‡”Q| I‡`i AwaKvskB wb‡e©va|
I‡`i hLbB Avn&evb Kiv nq †h, Avjøvn&i bvwhj Kiv weavb MªnY Ki Ges Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨
Ki, ZLb Iiv e‡j †h, Avgv‡`i evc-`v`vi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv ixwZbxwZB Avgv‡`i R‡b¨
h‡_ó|20 A_P I‡`i evc-`v`viv wKQyB RvbZ bv, mZ¨ c_-cªvßI wQj bv Zviv, Zv m‡Ë¡I wK
Iiv Zv‡`i c_ AbymiY K‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e| (m~iv gvwq`vt 103-104)
m~iv Avj-AvÕivd- G cªK„Z nvivg wRwbm¸‡jvi D‡jøL K‡i ejv n‡q‡Qt ej, Avjøvn&, Zuvi
ev›`v‡`i R‡b¨ †hme †mØ›`h© m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges †hme cweÎ wih&‡Ki e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb, †m me‡K
†K nvivg K‡i w`j? (m~iv Avj-Avivdt 32) ej, Avgvi ieŸ †Zv Gme wRwbm nvivg †NvlYv
K‡i‡Qb; wbj©¾Zvi KvR, cªKvk¨ ev †Mvcbxq cvc, AKviY I Ab¨vq evovevwo, Avi Avjøvn&i
mv‡_ wki&K, hvi mg_©‡b wZwb †Kvb mb` bvwhj K‡ib wb| †mB m‡½ hv Rv‡bv bv, Zv Avjøvn&i
bv‡g ejv| (m~iv Avj AvÕivdt 33)
nvjvj I nvivgKiY msµvšÍ G weZK© g°x m~ivmg~‡n D×…Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi A_© GB `uvovq †h,
KyiAv‡bi `„wó‡Z G e¨AcviwU †QvULv‡Uv I LyuwUbvwU ev ¸iæZ¡nxb bq| eis GUvi m¤úK©
Bmjv‡gi †gØj bxwZ I mvgwMªK Av`‡k©i mv‡_|
g`xbv kix‡d gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ K„”QªZv I cweÎ wRwbm¸‡jv‡K wb‡R‡`i Ici nvivg Kivi
cªeYZv Zxeªfv‡e †`Lv †`q| G ch©v‡q Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv AKvU¨ I my¯úó AvqvZ bvwhj K‡i
Zv‡`i‡K Avjøvn&i wbw`©ó mxgvi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z I wmivZyj gy¯ÍvKx‡gi I‡ci AwePj n‡q Pj‡Z
e‡j‡Qb| Zvi Bikv` n‡”Qt
‡n Cgvb`vi †jv‡Kiv! Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ †hme cweÎ `ªe¨ nvjvj K‡i‡Qb, †m me‡K
†Zvgiv Ônvivg× g‡b K‡iv bv| Avi mxgvjsNb Ki‡e bv| wbwðZ Rvb‡e, mxgvjsNbKvix‡`i
20
(m~iv gvwq`vt 103-104)
c„ôv bs-34
Avjøvn& Av‡`Ø cQ›` K‡ib bv|21 Avjøvn †hme nvjvj I cweÎ wih&K †Zvgv‡`i `vb K‡i‡Qb
†Zvgiv Zv f¶Y Ki| †m m‡½ †mB Avjøvn&‡K fq Ki‡Z _vK, huvi cªwZ †Zvgiv Cgvb`vi e‡j
`vwe K‡iQ| (m~iv gvwq`vt 87-88)
4. nvivg wRwbm ¶wZKi
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv mgMª gvby‡li m„wóKZ©v| wZwb gvbyl‡K GZme Ag~j¨ wbqvgZ `vb K‡i‡Qb, hvi
†Kvb wnmve-wbKvk Kiv m¤¢eci bq| ZvB ¯^fveZB Zuvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q gvby‡li R‡b¨ †Kvb
wKQy‡K nvivg ev nvjvj †NvlYv Kivi| G e¨vcv‡i Kv‡iv †Kvb cªkœ Kivi ev AvcwË Rvbvevi †Kvb
AwaKviB _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb ieŸ- G wn‡m‡eB Zuvi G AwaKvi| gvbyl ZuviB ev›`v| G ev›`vn
wn‡m‡eB gvbyl Zuvi G AwaKvi †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨| wVK †hgb ieŸ wn‡m‡eB wZwb gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri
ev›`v evwb‡q‡Qb Ges cvjb K‡i Pjvi R‡b¨ w`‡q‡Qb Rxeb-weavb I wbqgZš¿| Z‡e Avjøvn&
†h‡nZy Zuvi ev›`v‡`i cªwZ Acwimxg `qvevb- G Kvi‡Y wZwb G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Rei`w¯ÍI †hgb
K‡ib wb, †Zgwb A‡hØw³K ev we‡eK-eyw× cwicš’x †Kvb weavbI †`b wb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ
hyw³m½Zfv‡eB GK-GKUv wRwbm‡K nvjvj ev nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| mvwe©Kfv‡e mgMª
gvbeZvi †gØwjK Kj¨vY mvabB Gi Pig j¶¨| G Kvi‡Y wZwb gvby‡li R‡b¨ †Kej cvK-cweÎ,
DËg-DrK„ó wRwbwmB nvjvj K‡i‡Qb Ges nvivg K‡i‡Qb hveZxq wbK„ó-bó-Lvivc-¶wZKi
`ªe¨vw`|
cªm½Z ejv hvq, wZwb Bqvn~`x‡`i cªwZ wKQy wKQy fvj I DrK„ó wRwbmI nvivg K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|
wKš` GUv wQj ¯^qs Bqvn~`x‡`i bvdigvbxm~PK AvPi‡Yi kvw¯Í¯^iƒc| †Kbbv Iiv Avjøvn&i nvjvj
nviv‡gi mxgv‡K †¯^”QvPvwiZv K‡i jsNb K‡iwQj| Avjøvn& †mB K_vB e‡j‡Qb wb‡gœv³ Avqv‡Zt
hviv Bqvn~`x ag©gZ MªnY K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i Ici Avgiv nvivg K‡i w`‡qwQjvg meiK‡gi bLavix
cvLx, Miæ-QvM‡ji Pwe©- ïay Zv ev‡` hv I‡`i c„‡ô ev AvuZywi‡Z wKsev nv‡oi m‡½ jvMv Av‡Q|
Avi Zv Zv‡`i we‡`ªvnvZ¥K f~wgKvi cªwZ‡kva wn‡m‡eB Avgiv Zv K‡iwQ| Giƒc Kiv‡Z Avgiv
wbtm‡›`‡n h_v_© I mZ¨ev`xB wQjvg| (m~iv AvbÕAvgt 146)
21
(m~iv gvwq`vt 87-88)
c„ôv bs-35
Bqvn~`xiv wK ai‡Yi we‡`ªvnvZ¥K f~wgKv Aej¤^b K‡iwQj, KyiAv‡bi Aci GK m~ivq Zv e‡j
†`qv n‡q‡Q| hviv Bqvn~`x gZ MªnY K‡i Ryjyg K‡i‡Q, G Ryjy‡gi Kvi‡Y Avgiv Zv‡`i cªwZ †m
me wRwbmB nvivg K‡i w`‡qwQ, hv Zv‡`i R‡b¨ nvjvj K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj| †m m‡½ Zv‡`i G
Aciv‡ai Kvi‡YI †h, Zviv †jvK‡`i‡K Lye †ewk evav w`Z, Zviv my` MªnY KiZ A_P Zv †_‡K
Zv‡`i wb‡la K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj, Avi Zviv A‰ea Dcv‡q †jvK‡`i ab-gvj f¶Y KiZ| (m~iv
Av&b& wbmvt 160-161)
DËiKv‡j Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv Zuvi me©‡kl I bex-ivm~j AvMgb mgvßKvix ivm~j me gvby‡li R‡b¨
cvVv‡jb| gvbeZv G mgq c~Y©eq¯‹Zv I cyivgvÎvq we‡eK-eyw× jvf K‡iwQj| ZLb Avjøvn&
ZvÕAvjv AbyMªn K‡i Zv‡`i Ici †_‡K mvgwqKfv‡e Pvjv‡bv †mB nviv‡gi `ye©n †evSv `~i K‡i
w`‡jb| Avnwj wKZve †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q G wimvjv‡Zi cwiPq wQj-KyiAvb gRx‡` Zvi D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q G fvlvqt Zviv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q iw¶Z ZIivZ I BwÇj Zvi K_v wjwLZ †`L‡Z cvq| †m
Zv‡`i fvj fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k K‡i, Lvivc KvR †_‡K wb‡la K‡i, Zv‡`i R‡b¨ cvKcweÎ
wRwbmmg~n nvjvj †NvlYv K‡i|22 Avi Zv‡`i Ici †h me `ye©n †evSv I k„•Ljvw` Pvcv‡bv wQj,
Zv Zv‡`i Ici †_‡K bvwg‡q †`q| (m~iv Avivdt 157)
AZtci Aciv‡ai Kvd&dviv ¯^iƒc fvj, cweÎ, DËg `ªe¨vw` nvivg Kivi cwie‡Z© Bmjv‡g
Ab¨vb¨ cš’v I Dcv‡qi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`qv nq| ¸bv‡ni Kvd&dvivi R‡b¨ Lv‡jm ZIevi e¨e¯’v
Kiv nq| cvwb †hgb K‡i gqjv-AveR©bv ay‡q gy‡Q mvd K‡i †`q, ZIevI wVK †Zgwb ¸bvn&
gvd Kwi‡q †`q| G Qvov Ggb A‡bK Kv‡RiI weavb †`qv n‡q‡Q, hv Lvivc KvR‡K wbg©~j K‡i
†`q| `vb-mv`Kv I ¸bv‡ni Av¸b wbe©vwcZ K‡i, †hgb K‡i cvwb wbwf‡q †`q Av¸b| GQvov
Pjgvb Rxe‡b Ggb A‡bK `ytL-Kó I wec`-gymxeZ †fvM Ki‡Z nq hv ev›`vi ¸Yvn-LvZv I
fyj-åvwšÍ ﮋ cÎ-cjø‡ei gZB Swi‡q †`q| G Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi G mZ¨ AKvU¨ n‡q †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q †h, Zv hv wKQy nvivg K‡i‡Q, Zv Aek¨B Lvivc, wbK„ó I ¶wZKi|
e¯ÍyZ hv Lye †ewk I m¤ú~Y© ¶wZKi Zvi DcKv‡ii Zyjbvq Zv‡KB nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Q| hvi hv
Lv‡jmfv‡e DcKvix I Kj¨vYKi Zv‡K nvjvj K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| g`¨ I Ryqv cªm‡½ KyiAvb
22
(m~iv Avivdt 157)
c„ôv bs-36
gRx‡`i G K_vB ejv n‡q‡Qt ‡n bex! †jv‡Kiv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q g`¨ I Ryqv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡i|
Zywg ej, I `y‡Uv‡Z eo ¸bvn& i‡q‡Q, hw`I dvq`vI wKQy i‡q‡Q, Avi I `y‡Uv Kj¨v‡Yi Zyjbvq
¶wZB A‡bK †ewk| (m~iv evKvivt 219)
G †cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, Bmjv‡g nvjvj wK- hLbB Giƒc cªkœ Kiv n‡e ZLbB ejv hv‡e cvK=cweÎ
Kj¨vYKi `ªe¨vw` A_©vr my¯’ gvbe gb †hme wRwbm fvj I DËg g‡b K‡i Ges †Kvbiƒc Av`ZAf¨v‡mi ekeZ©x bv n‡qI me gvbyl †gvUvgywUfv‡e Zv cQ›` K‡i Zv-B n‡”Q nvjvj| KyiAvb
gRx‡` ejv n‡q‡Qt
‡jv‡Kiv Avcbv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i Zv‡`i R‡b¨ wK wK nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| †n bex Avcwb e‡j
w`b, †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q †m me wRwbmB, hv cweÎ-cwi”Qbœ I DËg-DrK„ó|
Ab¨Î ejv n‡q‡Qt AvR †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ nvjvj K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q †mme wRwbmB hv cvK-cweÎ
cwi”Qbœ-DrK„ó-fvj|
‡h Kvi‡Y Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv †Kvb wRwbm‡K nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡”Q †m wRwb‡mi wbK„óZv,
Lvivwe I ¶wZKviZv| Avi Zv me gymjgvb‡KB we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kvb K_v †bB|
†Kbbv †mme wel‡q mwVK Ávb mgvbfv‡e mK‡jiB _v‡K bv| nqZ †KD †KD Rvb‡Z cv‡i Avi
A‡b‡KiB Zv ARvbv †_‡K hvq| A‡bK mgq GKwU wRwb‡mi †`vl I wbK„óZv nqZ GLbI
cªKvwkZ nqwb, cieZ©xKv‡j Zv Aek¨B Rvbv hv‡e| G Ae¯’vq Cgvb`vi e¨w³gv‡ÎiB KZ©e¨
Avjøvn&i †NvlYv‡K AKywÉZ wP‡Ë I wbtms‡Kv‡P †g‡b †bqv| ejv †h, Rvbjvg I †g‡b wbjvg|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv k~K‡ii †Mvk&Z nvivg K‡i‡Qb| gymwjgiv ïay GZUyKyB eyS‡Z cvij †h, Zv
AZ¨šÍ N„Y¨ I Lvivc e‡jB nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš` Kv‡ji AMªMwZi m‡½ m‡½ Ávb-weÁv‡biI
AMªMwZ N‡U| Zvi d‡j Rvbv †Mj †h, k~K‡ii †Mvk&‡Z GK cªKvi aŸsmvZ¥K I gvbe nZ¨vKvix
welv³ RxevY~ i‡q‡Q| wKš` k~K‡ii †Mvk&Z msµvšÍ G Ávb hw` bvI Rvbv †hZ wKsev Gi PvB‡Z
wfbœZi wKQyI Rvbv †hZ Zvn‡jI gymwjg‡`i AvKx`v KLbI cwieZ©b n‡Zv bv| †Kbbv Avjøvn&i
†NvlYvq Zv bvcvK I AZ¨šÍ Lvivc|
c„ôv bs-37
`„óvšÍ¯^iƒc D‡jøL¨, bex Kixg mv. Bikv` K‡i‡Qbt wZbwU Awfkvc Avn&evbKvix wRwbm †_‡K
†Zvgiv `~‡i _vK| Zv n‡”Q cvwb cv‡bi ¯’v‡b, iv¯Ívi gvSLv‡b I Qvqv”Qbœ ¯’v‡b cvqLvbv Kiv|
(Ave~ `vD`, Be‡b gvRvn, nvwKg, evqnvKx)
cªv_wgKKv‡j G K_vwUi Zvrch© ïay GZUyKyB †evSv wM‡qwQj †h, G wZbwU ¯’v‡b cvqLvbv Kiv
LyeB Lvivc KvR- f`ªZv, k~wPZv I my¯’ we‡eK-eyw×i cwicš’x| wKš` ˆeÁvwbK Ávb weKv‡ki d‡j
DËiKv‡j Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg †h, G KvRwU mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi `„wó‡Z AZ¨šÍ ¶wZKi|
†Kbbv G Kv‡Ri d‡j gvivZ¥K ai‡Yi msµvgK †ivM Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i|
G †cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq, Ávb-weÁv‡bi hZB weKvk I AMªMwZ mvwaZ n‡e, Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi
weavb iPbvi g~‡j wbwnZ KviY I Kj¨vY-`„wó ZZB †ewk D`&NvwUZ n‡Z _vK‡e| nvjvj-nvivg
wba©vi‡Yi †gØj KviY Rvb‡Z Avi wKQyB evKx _vK‡e bv| e¯ÍyZ Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi g~‡j iPwqZvi
wek¦gvbeZvi cªwZ AK„wÎg Kj¨vY we‡ePbv wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv n‡eB bv ev †Kb? Zv iwPZ †m
gnvÁvbx, gnvweÁvbx Acwimxg `qvevb Avjøvn&i| ZvB KyiAvb gRx‡`i ejv n‡q‡Qt ‡Kvb&wU
wech©qKvix- Lvivc Ges †Kvb&wU Kj¨vYKi- fvj, Zv Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv wbf©yj I mwVKfv‡e
Rv‡bb|23 Avjøvn B”Qv Ki‡j †Zvgv‡`i KwVb K‡ói g‡a¨ wb‡¶c Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| (wKš` wZwb
Zv Pvb wb) wbtm‡›`‡n Avjøvn& me©Rqx- `yR©q, gnvweÁvbx| (m~iv evKvivt 220)
23
(m~iv evKvivt 220)
c„ôv bs-38
4.7 gymwj‡gi e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b nvjvj-nvivg
Lv`¨ I cvbxq- we‡kl K‡i cïKy‡ji ga¨ †_‡K Lv`¨ MªnY e¨vcv‡i cªvPxbZg Kvj †_‡KB
RvwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ gZwe‡iva ev gZcv_©K¨ P‡j G‡m‡Q| †Kvb& †Kvb& wRwbm Rv‡qh I ˆea Ges
†Kvb& †Kvb& wRwbm bq, GB wb‡qB gZwe‡iva `vbv †eu‡a D‡V‡Q|
Dw™¢R Lv`¨ I cvbxqi †¶‡Î gZwe‡iva Lye †ewk Ges e¨vcK bq| Bmjvg g`¨cvb nvivg K‡i
w`‡q‡Q, Zv Av½yi w`‡q evbvb †nvK, ev †LRyi, he wKsev Ab¨wKQy w`‡q| Abyiƒcfv‡e †hme
wRwbm gvby‡li we‡eK-eyw× weK„Z K‡i †`q A_ev †Kvbiƒc wech©‡qi m„wó K‡i, Avi hv ¯^v‡¯’¨i
c‡¶ nvwbKi Zv meB nvivg| Z‡e cï RvZxq Lv‡`¨i e¨vcv‡i `ywbqvi wewfbœ RvwZi g‡a¨ Zxeª
gZwe‡iva i‡q‡Q| eªvþY‡`i `„wó‡Z cï hevB Kiv I LvIqv eªvþY BZ¨vw` ag©wek¦vmx I †Kvb
†Kvb `vk©wbK gZvej¤^x‡`i `„wó‡Z cï hevB Kiv I LvIqv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i R‡b¨ nvivg| Dw™¢`
ev kvK-mwâB Zv‡`i GKgvÎ Lv`¨| †Kbbv Zv‡`i g‡Z cï hevB Kiv wbZvšÍB gg©vwšÍK I
wb`©qZvi KvR| I‡`iI euvPvi AwaKvi Av‡Q Ges †m AwaKvi †_‡K ewÃZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
wKš` wek¦ cªK„wZi Ici `„wócvZ Ki‡j I Mfxi m~¶è `„wó‡Z we‡ePbv Ki‡j ¯úó eyS‡Z cviv hvq
†h, cï hevB Kiv GKvšÍB wb‡`©vl KvR| †Kbbv `ywbqvi Gme Rš`-Rv‡bvqvi †Kvb wbR¯^ ¯^Zš¿
D‡Ïk¨g~jK m„wó bq| I‡`i eyw×-we‡eK I wbR¯^ B”Qv I evQvB Kivi kw³ ej‡Z wKQy †bB|
I‡`i ¯^vfvweK †`n ms¯’v ¯^ZtB cªgvY K‡i †h, Iiv g~jZ gvby‡li †L`g‡Zi KvR mym¤úbœ Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨B m„ó I wb‡qvwRZ| gvbyl I¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿‡Y G‡b A‡bK Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i|
Abyiƒcfv‡e I‡`i hevB K‡i I‡`i Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MªnY Kiv n‡j Zv‡Z AvcwËi wKQyB _vK‡Z
cv‡i bv| m„wó‡jv‡K m`v Kvh©Ki Avjøvn&i cª`Ë wbqg n‡”Q, wbK„ó I bxP m„wó DËg I D”PZi
m„wói Rb¨ AvZ¥vûwZ w`‡”Q| AbyiƒcB Rš`-Rv‡bvqvi gvby‡li Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q wbišÍb|
AbyiƒcB Rš`-Rv‡bvqvi gvby‡li Lv‡`¨ cwiYZ n‡”Q| ïay ZvB bq, gvbe mgwói wbivcËvi R‡b¨
e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Kiv GKwU ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi n‡q i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rb¨ cï hevB Kiv bv n‡j Iiv
†h g„Z¨y I aŸsm †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z cvi‡Q, Ggb †Zv bq| Ab¨vb¨ AwaK kw³kvjx wnsmª Rš`-`vbe
KZ©…K wQbœ-wfbœ n‡q I‡`i Lv‡`¨ cwiYZ nIqv †Zv AeavwiZ| A_ev Iiv ¯^vfvweK g„Z¨y eiY
Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡e| Avi Zv I‡`i Mj‡`‡k kvwbZ Am&Î Pvwj‡q h‡en Kivi Zyjbvq AwaK
Kó`vqK nIqv wbwðZ|
c„ôv bs-39
4.8 Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi Zzjbv
Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi †kÖwY web¨vm
nvjvj Ges nvivg †kªwYweb¨v‡mi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z, †kªwYweb¨v‡mi wfwË ej‡Z †evSvq †Kvb wKQy
Bmjv‡g nvjvj (AbygwZ) ev nvivg (wbwl×) wKbv Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z e¨eüZ gvb`Ð ev
bxwZ¸wj|24 †kªYxwefvMwU BmjvwgK AvB‡bi wewfbœ DZ&‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q,
hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KyiAvb (Bmjv‡gi cweÎ Mªš’), nvw`m (bex gynv¤§‡`i bw_fy³ evYx I Kg©),
cvwÐZ¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ges Bmjvgx cwÐZ‡`i g‡a¨ HK¨gZ|
1. KyiAv‡bi cvV¨: KyiAvb gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ wb‡`©kbvi cªv_wgK DZ&m wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| G‡Z
Ggb AvqvZ i‡q‡Q hv ¯úófv‡e wbw`©ó wKQy KvR ev c`v_©‡K nvjvj ev nvivg e‡j D‡jøL K‡i|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, KyiAvb k~K‡ii gvsm (m~iv Avj-evKviv 2:173) Ges †bkvRvZxq c`v_© (m~iv
Avj-gvwq`vn 5:90) LvIqv wbwl× K‡i‡Q|
2. nvw`m: nvw`m mvwnZ¨ KyiAv‡b ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nqwb Ggb wel‡q AwZwi³ wb‡`©kbv
cª`vb K‡i| nvw`‡m wjwce× bex gynv¤§‡`i evYx I Kg©¸wj wewfbœ Af¨v‡mi nvjvj I nvivg
gh©v`v wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| cwÐZiv wbw`©ó wel‡q ivq †ei
Kivi Rb¨ nv`x‡mi eY©bvi mZ¨Zv Ges †cª¶vcU we‡kølY K‡ib|
3. cvwÐZ¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v: Bmjvgx cwÐZiv, hviv AvBbwe` ev wdKn cwÐZ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ, Zviv
Bmjvgx AvB‡bi e¨vL¨v I cª‡qv‡M ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Zviv KyiAvb, nvw`m Ges
Ab¨vb¨ cªvmw½K DZ&m¸wj Aa¨qb K‡i AvBbx ivq †ei Kivi Rb¨| Zv‡`i Ávb Ges `¶Zvi
gva¨‡g, Zviv Bmjvgx bxwZ I g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i †evSvi wfwˇZ Kg©, AvPiY Ges
c`v_©‡K nvjvj ev nvivg wnmv‡e †kªYxe× K‡i|
4. HK¨gZ (BRgv'): Bmjvgx cwÛZ‡`i g‡a¨ HKgZ¨ nj nvjvj ev nvivg wnmv‡e †kªYxe×
Kivi Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wfwË| hLb cwÐZiv GKwU wbw`©ó iv‡qi Dci GKwU mw¤§wjZ Pyw³‡Z
24
(m~iv Avj-evKviv 2:173)
c„ôv bs-40
†cØuQvb, ZLb GwU GKwU KvR ev AvB‡U‡gi nvjvj ev nviv‡gi gh©v`v wba©vi‡Y D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¸iæZ¡
enb K‡i|
5. mv`„k¨ (wKqvm): mv`„k¨ nj GKwU AvBwb hyw³ c×wZ hv Bmjvgx AvBbkv‡¯¿ e¨eüZ nq| GwU
eZ©gv‡bi nvjvj ev nvivg gh©v`v wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ we`¨gvb weavb Ges bZyb cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ wgj
AvuKvi mv‡_ RwoZ| KyiAvb ev nv`x‡m ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nqwb Ggb welq¸wj‡K m‡¤^vab
Kivi mgq cwÐZiv wKqvm e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
6. mvs¯‥…wZK Ges AvÂwjK Abykxjb: mvs¯‹…wZK Ges AvÂwjK Abykxjb¸wj nvjvj ev nvivg
wnmv‡e wbw`©ó KvR ev c`v‡_©i †kªYxwefvM‡K cªfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw`I g~j bxwZ¸wj Bmjvgx
wk¶v Ry‡o mvgÃm¨c~Y© _v‡K, Z‡e ¯’vbxq ixwZbxwZ, HwZn¨ Ges cªvmw½K KviY¸wji Dci wfwË
K‡i wbw`©ó wbq‡g ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
GUv j¶ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h †kªYxwefv‡Mi wfwË Bmjvgx AvBbkvm&‡Îi (gvRnve) wewfbœ ¯‹y‡ji
g‡a¨ mvgvb¨ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| hw`I †gØwjK bxwZ¸wj GKB _v‡K, wewfbœ we`¨vj‡qi g‡a¨
e¨vL¨v Ges AvBbx wewa‡Z ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
‡kªwYweb¨v‡mi wfwË gymwjg‡`i Rb¨ GKwU KvVv‡gv cª`vb K‡i hv‡Z Zviv Bmjvwg wk¶v Abymv‡i
Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv Zv‡`i AbygwZ‡hvM¨ (nvjvj) Ges †KvbwU wbwl×
(nvivg) Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z m¶g K‡i|
Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi •bwZK I •bwZK we‡ePbv
Bmjv‡g nvjvj (AbygwZ) Ges nvivg (wbwl×) Gi †kªYxwefv‡M ˆbwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|25 hw`I Bmjvgx AvBb wewfbœ wµqv, AvPiY Ges c`v‡_©i nvjvj
Ges nvivg Ae¯’v wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU KvVv‡gv cª`vb K‡i, ˆbwZK Ges ˆbwZK bxwZ¸wj GB
†kªwYweb¨v‡mi mvgwMªK Dcjwä Ges cª‡qvM‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| GLv‡b RwoZ ˆbwZK Ges ˆbwZK
we‡ePbvi AviI Z_¨ i‡q‡Q:
25
(m~iv Avj-gvwq`vn 5:90)
c„ôv bs-41
1. Hk¦wiK Av‡`k: gymjgvbiv wek¦vm K‡i †h nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi †kªYxwefvM KyiAvb I nvw`‡m
cªKvwkZ Avjøvni (Ck¦‡ii) wb‡`©‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i| GB Av‡`k¸wj gvby‡li g½j, Ava¨vwZ¥K
e„w× Ges ˆbwZK weKvk wbwðZ Kivi GKwU Dcvq wnmv‡e †`Lv nq| ˆbwZK we‡ePbv¸wj
Avjøvni Av‡`‡ki AvbyMZ¨ Ges Zuvi mš`wó †LvuRvi aviYv‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z nq|
2. D‡Ïk¨ (wbqvn): Bmjv‡g ˆbwZK we‡ePbv K‡g©i wcQ‡b D‡Ï‡k¨i ¸iæ‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi †`q|
GwU ïaygvÎ Kg© wb‡RB bq, Gi wcQ‡bi D‡Ïk¨I Gi ˆbwZK g~j¨ wba©viY K‡i| †jvf, ¶wZ ev
AmZZvi Øviv PvwjZ †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ Gwo‡q Avjøvni mš`wói Rb¨ weï× D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kg©
m¤úv`b Ki‡Z gymjgvb‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiv nq|
3. ¶wZi wb‡lavÁv (nvivg): Bmjvgx bxwZkvm&Î wb‡Ri Ges Ab¨‡`i ¶wZ Gov‡bvi Dci †Rvi
†`q| nvivg wnmv‡e †kªYxe× Kiv wµqv ev c`v_©¸wj cªvqB m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ ev †bwZevPK cwiYwZ
RwoZ, Zv kvixwiK, gvbwmK ev mvgvwRK †nvK bv †Kb| nviv‡gi wb‡lavÁv ¶wZi weiæ‡×
myi¶v wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Ges e¨w³ I m¤úª`v‡qi g½j‡K DbœxZ K‡i|
4. Kj¨v‡Yi cªPvi (Bnmvb): Bmjvg gymjgvb‡`i‡K Rxe‡bi mKj †¶‡Î †kªôZ¡ I ˆbwZK
Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| ˆbwZK we‡ePbvi g‡a¨ Ggb KvR RwoZ hv `qv,
b¨vqwePvi, mZZv, mnvbyf~wZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ m`¸Y‡K DbœxZ K‡i| gymjgvb‡`i‡K Ggb KvR
Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq hv wb‡R‡`i Ges Ab¨‡`i DcKvi K‡i, fv‡jv KvR Ki‡Z Ges
¶wZKi AvPiY Gwo‡q Pj‡Z Pvq|
5. Revew`wnZv Ges wePvi: Bmjvgx bxwZkvm&Î Revew`wnZvi aviYv Ges wePvi w`e‡mi
wek¦vm‡KI AšÍf©y³ K‡i| gymjgvbiv wek¦vm K‡i †h Zv‡`i GB Rxe‡b Zv‡`i K‡g©i wnmve
ciKv‡j n‡e| GB wek¦vmwU ˆbwZK `vwq‡Z¡i Abyf~wZ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j Ges e¨w³‡`i ˆbwZK
we‡ePbvi wfwˇZ cQ›` Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i, eyS‡Z cv‡i †h Zviv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨
Revew`wn Ki‡e|
c„ôv bs-42
6. e¨w³ I mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv: Bmjvgx bxwZkvm&Î e¨w³ I mvgvwRK `vwq‡Z¡i ¸iæZ¡‡K ¯^xK„wZ
†`q| gymjgvb‡`i Zv‡`i wµqvKjvc Ges e¨vcK m¤úª`v‡qi Dci Zv‡`i cªfv‡ei Rb¨ `vwqZ¡
wb‡Z DZ&mvwnZ Kiv nq| ˆbwZK we‡ePbvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q b¨vh¨ AvPiY, mZZv, A‡b¨i AwaKv‡ii
cªwZ kª×v Ges mvgvwRK m¤úªxwZ eRvq ivLv|
7. e¨w³MZ AvKv•¶v Ges •bwZK eva¨evaKZvi fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv: ˆbwZK we‡ePbvi g‡a¨
e¨w³MZ B”Qv Ges ˆbwZK eva¨evaKZvi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv RwoZ| Bmjvg gvbe cªK„wZ
Ges ˆea gvby‡li Pvwn`v I AvKv•¶vi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i| hvB‡nvK, G¸wj Aek¨B nvjv‡ji
mxgvbvi g‡a¨ Ges ˆbwZK bxwZ¸wji mv‡_ mvwie×fv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e, A‡b¨i ev ˆbwZK
g~j¨‡ev‡ai e¨‡q AwZwi³, evovevwo Ges cªkªq Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e|
nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi †kªYxwefv‡M ˆbwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv gymjgvb‡`i Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b
cwiPvwjZ K‡i, Zv‡`i AvPiY, cQ›` Ges wg_w¯Œqv MVb K‡i| Zviv gbbkxjZv, mvgvwRK
`vqe×Zv Ges b¨vqwePvi, b¨vh¨Zv Ges mnvbyf~wZi bxwZ¸wji cªwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i Abyf~wZ cªPvi
K‡i| GB ˆbwZK w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i, gymjgvbiv Bmjvgx wk¶v Abyhvqx mr I cyY¨gq Rxeb
hvcb Kivi †Póv K‡i|
Bmjv‡g nvjvj-nviv‡gi my‡hvM Ges cª‡qvM
Bmjv‡g nvjvj (AbygwZcªvß) Ges nvivg (wbwl×) Gi cwiwa Ges cª‡qvM Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K
ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z, e¨w³ I mv¤úª`vwqK Dfq †¶‡ÎB we¯Í…Z|26 GLv‡b nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi my‡hvM Ges
cª‡qvM m¤ú‡K© AviI Z_¨ i‡q‡Q:
1. Lv`¨ I cvbxq: nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi me‡P‡q mycwiwPZ A¨vwcø‡Kkb¸wji g‡a¨ GKwU nj
Lv`¨ZvwjKvMZ wewawb‡l‡ai †¶‡Î| gymjgvb‡`i nvjvj Lv`¨ I cvbxq MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e, hv
Bmjvgx AvB‡b ewY©Z wbw`©ó wb‡`©wkKv †g‡b P‡j| wbwl× AvB‡Ug¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ï‡qv‡ii
gvsm, A¨vj‡Kvnj, i³, K¨vwiqb Ges G¸wj †_‡K cªvß †h‡Kv‡bv c`v_©| nvjvj LveviI
26
m~iv Avj-evKvivn (2:173): ï‡qv‡ii gvsm Ges gi‡`n LvIqv wbwl×
c„ôv bs-43
Ggbfv‡e cª¯ÍyZ Ki‡Z n‡e hv wKQy cª‡qvRbxqZv c~iY K‡i, †hgb nvjvj Dcv`v‡bi e¨envi Ges
h_vh_ RevB c×wZ AbymiY Kiv|
2. A_© Ges e¨emv: nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi bxwZ¸wj Avw_©K †jb‡`b Ges e¨emvwqK Abykxjb ch©šÍ
cªmvwiZ| gymwjg‡`i‡K nvjvj A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ n‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq, hvi g‡a¨
ˆbwZK AvPiY Ges Bmjvgx Avw_©K bxwZi AvbyMZ¨ RwoZ| my`wfwËK †jb‡`b (wiev) nvivg
e‡j we‡ewPZ nq, KviY Bmjv‡g my` wbwl×| Dciš`, Ryqv, A¨vj‡Kvnj, ev ï‡qv‡ii gvsmm¤úwK©Z c‡Y¨i g‡Zv wbwl× Kvh©Kjv‡ci mv‡_ RwoZ e¨emv¸wjI nvivg e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|
3. e¨w³MZ AvPiY: nvjvj Ges nvivg †kªYxwefvM e¨w³MZ AvPiY Ges AvPiY wb‡`©k K‡i|
gymjgvb‡`i †cvkv‡K (wnRve) kvjxbZv †g‡b Pjv Ges Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ m¤§vbRbK I m¤§vbRbK
†hvMv‡hvM eRvq ivLvi cªZ¨vkv Kiv nq| wbwl× K‡g©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wg_¨v ejv, MxeZ Kiv, Pywi
Kiv Ges †eAvBwb m¤úK© ev Kvh©Kjv‡c RwoZ nIqv| Bmjvg mZZv, D`viZv, bgªZv Ges ¯^k„•Ljvi g‡Zv ¸Yvejxi cªPvi K‡i, hv e¨w³ PwiÎ Ges ˆbwZK AvPiY‡K MVb K‡i|
4. wPwKrmv I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev: nvjvj I nvivg †kªwYweb¨vm wPwKrmv I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cªm‡½I cªvmw½K|
Ilya, Dcv`vb Ges wPwKrmvi wel‡q cQ›` Kivi mgq gymjgvbiv GB bxwZ¸wj Øviv cwiPvwjZ
nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, nvivg DZ&m †_‡K cªvß c`v_© ev A¨vj‡Kvnj ev ï‡qv‡ii gvsm-wfwËK
Dcv`vb¸wj‡K nvivg wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ˆbwZK we‡ePbv¸wjI Kvh©Ki nq, †hgb
Rxe‡bi msi¶Y, ¶wZ Gov‡bv Ges wPwKrmv c×wZ‡Z AewnZ m¤§wZ wbwðZ Kiv|
5. we‡bv`b Ges wgwWqv: nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi BmjvwgK bxwZ¸wj we‡bv`b Ges wgwWqv e¨envi
m¤úwK©Z cQ›` Ges AvPiY‡K cªfvweZ K‡i| AkøxjZv, A‰bwZKZv ev A‰bwZK AvPi‡Yi cªPvi
K‡i Ggb Kvh©Kjv‡c RwoZ nIqv ev mg_©b Kiv Gov‡Z gymjgvb‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiv nq|
m½xZ, Pjw”PÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi we‡bv`b Zv‡`i welqe¯Íyi Dci wfwË K‡i hvPvB-evQvB
mv‡c‡¶, hv Bmjvgx g~j¨‡eva I bxwZi mv‡_ mvgÃm¨c~Y© nIqv DwPZ|
c„ôv bs-44
6. mvgvwRK Ges cwi‡ekMZ `vqe×Zv: nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi cwiwa e„nËi mvgvwRK Ges
cwi‡ekMZ `vwqZ¡¸wj‡K AšÍf©y³ Kivi Rb¨ c„_K K‡g©i evB‡i cªmvwiZ| gymjgvb‡`i mgv‡R
BwZevPKfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Z, mvgvwRK b¨vqwePv‡ii cªPvi Ki‡Z Ges cwievi, m¤úª`vq Ges
cwi‡e‡ki cªwZ Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z DZ&mvwnZ Kiv nq| mgv‡Ri ¶wZ K‡i, Ab¨‡K
†kvlY K‡i ev cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ K‡i Ggb Kvh©Kjv‡c RwoZ nIqv nvivg e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
7. Dcvmbv Ges AvPvi: nvjvj Ges nvivg Bmjv‡gi Dcvmbv Ges ag©xq AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi
†¶‡ÎI cª‡hvR¨| gymjgvb‡`i nvjvj wb‡`©wkKv Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ AvPvi-Abyôvb I Abykxjb
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| LuvwU ag©xq DZ&m Øviv mgw_©Z bq Ggb GB Abykxjb¸wj‡Z †h †KvbI
weP¨ywZ ev ms‡hvRb nvivg wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i|
GwU j¶ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi my‡hvM Ges cª‡qvM wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK Ges
AvÂwjK †cª¶vc‡U cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i|27 ¯’vbxq ixwZbxwZ, e¨vL¨v Ges HwZn¨¸wj Bmjvgx
AvB‡bi AvwaK¨g~jK bxwZ¸wj †g‡b Pjvi mgq wbw`©ó wbqg Ges Abykxjb¸wj‡K cªfvweZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
Bmjv‡g nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi my‡hvM Ges cª‡qvM gymjgvb‡`i GKwU we‡eKc~Y© Ges ˆbwZK
Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU e¨vcK KvVv‡gv cª`vb K‡i, Zv‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i wewfbœ w`K¸wj‡Z Bmjvgx
wk¶v I g~j¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ mvgÃm¨ wbwðZ K‡i|
27
m~iv Avj gvwq`vn (5:90): †bkvRvZxq `ª‡e¨i wb‡lavÁv
c„ôv bs-45
cÂg Aa¨vq
Dcmsnvi
5.1 Dcmsnvi
Bmjv‡g nvjvj (AbygwZ) Ges nvivg (wbwl×) AvB‡bi Zyjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvi Dcmsnvi
ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K cªvß g~j AbymÜvb Ges AšÍ`©…wó¸wj‡K msw¶ß Ki‡e| GwU gymjgvb‡`i Rxe‡b
nvjvj I nviv‡gi Zvrch© Ges Zvrch© m¤ú‡K© GKwU P~ovšÍ `„wófw½I cª`vb Ki‡e| Dcmsnv‡i
Kx AwZwi³ Z_¨ AšÍf©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU D`vniY GLv‡b i‡q‡Q:
Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi AvB‡bi Zyjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv GB †kªYxwefv‡Mi eûgyLx cªK„wZ Ges
gymjgvb‡`i Rxe‡b Gi Mfxi cªfve Zy‡j a‡i| †kªwYweb¨vm, ˆbwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv Ges
nvjvj I nviv‡gi my‡hvM I cª‡qv‡Mi wfwˇZ GKwU cix¶vi gva¨‡g †ek K‡qKwU g~j welq D‡V
Av‡m|
cª_gZ, nvjvj I nviv‡gi †kªYxwefvM KyiAvb, nvw`m, cvwÐZ¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v, HK¨gZ¨ Ges AvBwb
hyw³ c×wZ mn BmjvwgK DZ&m¸wj‡Z Mfxifv‡e †cªvw_Z| GB DZ&m¸wj gymjgvb‡`i wewfbœ
Kg©, AvPiY Ges c`v‡_©i AbygwZ ev wb‡la wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU e¨vcK KvVv‡gv cª`vb K‡i|
wØZxqZ, ˆbwZK I ˆbwZK we‡ePbv nvjvj I nviv‡gi †kªYxwefv‡M ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Bmjvg ïaygvÎ Aby‡gvw`Z I wbwl× Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv cª`vb K‡i bv eis D‡Ï‡k¨i ¸iæZ¡,
¶wZ Gov‡Z, fv‡jv Kv‡Ri cªPvi Ges wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Revew`wnZvi Dci †Rvi †`q|
ˆbwZK we‡ePbv GKwU e„nËi `„wófw½ cª`vb K‡i Ges gymjgvb‡`i GKwU mr I avwg©K Rxeb
hvc‡b MvBW K‡i|
AwaKš`, nvjvj I nviv‡gi cwiwa I cª‡qv‡Mi cwiwa e¨vcK Ges Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K‡K AšÍf©y³
K‡i| Lv`¨ZvwjKvMZ mxgve×Zv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avw_©K †jb‡`b, e¨w³MZ AvPvi-AvPiY,
¯^v¯’¨‡mev msµvšÍ wm×všÍ, we‡bv`‡bi cQ›` Ges mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡, nvjvj I nvivg GKRb
gymjgv‡bi Rxe‡bi GKvwaK †¶‡Î cªfve †d‡j| GB †kªYxwefvM¸wj gymjgvb‡`i Zv‡`i
c„ôv bs-46
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †bwf‡MU Kivi GKwU Dcvq wnmv‡e KvR K‡i, Ava¨vwZ¥K e„w×, mvgvwRK msnwZ
Ges BmjvwgK bxwZ¸wj †g‡b Pjvi cªPvi K‡i|
Dcmsnv‡i, Bmjv‡g nvjvj Ges nviv‡gi AvBb¸wj wek¦v‡mi Rb¨ †gØwjK Ges gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨
AZ¨šÍ Zvrch© enb K‡i| Zviv ag©xq eva¨evaKZv eRvq ivLvi, ˆbwZK gvb eRvq ivLvi Ges
`vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZvi †eva‡K jvjb Kivi GKwU Dcvq wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| GB †kªYxwefvM †g‡b
Pjvi gva¨‡g, gymjgvbiv Avjøvni mš`wó Ges mvgwMªKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i I mgv‡Ri DbœwZ Kvgbv
K‡i Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi mv‡_ Zv‡`i Kg© I cQ›`‡K GKwÎZ Kivi †Póv K‡i|
Bmjv‡g nvjvj I nviv‡gi AvBb Ges mgmvgwqK †cª¶vc‡U Zv‡`i e¨envwiK cª‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
AviI Mfxi M‡elYv Pvwj‡q hvIqv, cªvgvwYK BmjvwgK DZ&m¸wj Aa¨qb Kiv Ges Ávbx
cwÐZ‡`i mv‡_ civgk© Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
c„ôv bs-47
Z_¨m~Ît
 m~iv Avj-evKvivn: 29|
 m~iv RygAvn: 10|
 KyiZyex, Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§v`, AvjRv‡gD wj AvnKvwgj KyiAvb, L.18,c„.96|
 m~iv RygAvn: 9|
 m~iv gyqhvw¤§j: 20|
 Aveyj w``v BmgBj Beb Dgi Beb Kvmxi, Zvdmxiæj KyiAvwbj Avhxg, m¤úv`bvq:
mvgx Beb gynv¤§` mvjøvgv, ˆeiæZ: `viæ ZvBev wbbœ&hvmix, w`Z¡xq ms¯‹iY, 1420 wn, L.
8, c„. 258|
 Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg. nv`xm bs. (1042)|
 Bgvg eyLvix, AvjRv‡gÔDmmvnxn, nv`xm bs 1474; Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg. nv`xm
bs. 1040|
 Bgvg Avngv`, gymbv`, L.4, c„. 141.
 Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z nvivg †ckv n‡jv: Acª‡qvR‡b wf¶ve„wË MªnY, †ek¨ve„wË, b„Z¨ I
†h‰bwkí, A‰ea e¨emv-evwbR¨ †hgb, gywZ©, A‰ea cvYxq, fv®‹h© I cªwZK„wZ wbg©vb
wkí, mydx Kvievi, IR‡b Kg †`qv, †avuKv I cªZviYvg~jK e¨emv, wg_¨vi Avkªq †bqv,
I PvKyix n‡Z A‰ea DcvR©b †hgb Nyl MªnY|
 Ave~ eKi Avng` Bebyj ûmvBb Avj-evqnvKx, mybvb Avj-evqnvKx, m¤úv`bvq: Avãyj
Kvw`i AvZv (g°v Avj-gyKviigv: gvKZvevZy `viæj evh, 1414 wn/1994 Lªx.) L. 6,
c„. 128| Bgvg evqnvKx e‡jb, Gi ivex `ye©j|
 m~iv Avj-evKviv: 275|
c„ôv bs-48
 Mvhvjx, BnBqvD DjygyÏxb, (gvKZevZyj gy¯Ídv Avj evex Iqvj nvjex) L. 2, c„. 64|
Bgvg ÔBivKx e‡jb: gyimvj|
 Bgvg wZiwghx, Rv‡g× AvZ&-wZiwghx, nv`xm bs- 1209| Z‡e Avjøvgv Avjevbx GUv‡K
`ye©j e‡j‡Qb|
 Bgvg eyLvix, mnxn, nv`xm bs 893 ; Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn, nv`xm bs 1829|
 Bgvg eyLvix, mnxn Avj eyLvix, nv`xm bs - 2340|
 †KD GK LÛ Rwg Ab¨vqfv‡e AwaKv‡i wb‡j wKqvg‡Zi w`b H Rwgi mvZ ¯ÍeK ch©šÍ
Zvi Kuv‡a Sywj‡q †`qv n‡e| bex (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, wZb e¨w³i Dci Avjøvn Awfm¤úvZ
K‡ib| Zv‡`i GKRb n‡jv †h Rwgi AvBj ev mxgvbv cwieZ©b K‡i †d‡j| Bgvg
Avng` Beb nv¤^j, Avj-gymbv` (wgmi: gyqvmmvZyj KyiZev, Zv. we) L. 4, c„. 103|
 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg, Bmjv‡gi A_©bxwZ, (XvKv: Lvqiæb cªKvkbx, 4_©
ms¯‹iY, 1987) c„. 158-159|
 ivm~j (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, gv`K `ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix, †h Drcv`b Kivi, g`¨cvqx, enbKvix,
hvi Kv‡Q enb K‡j †bqv nq, †h cvb Kivq- cwi‡ekbKvix, weµqKvix, g~j¨ MªnY I
f¶bKvix Ges hvi Rb¨ Zv µq Kiv nq | G mK‡ji DciB Awfkvc| (Ave~ `vD`
myjvBgvb Bebyj AvYAvg Avm-wmwR¯Ívbx| mybvb, m¤úv`bv: gwnDÏxb Ave`yj nvwg` )
ˆeiæZ `viæj wdKi, Zv.we) L. 3 c„. 244|
 Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv, Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi AvaywbK iæcvqb (XvKv: KIgx
cvewj‡KkÝ 1g ms¯‹iY 1408 wn:/ 2001 Lªx:) c„. 179|
 m~iv Avj-Avw¤^qv: 80|
 nhiZ gvIjvbv gydwZ gynv¤§` kdx (i.), Zvdmx‡i gvÕAv‡idyj-KyiAvb, Abyev`:
gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, Bmjvgx dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1400 wnt|
 Avj-KyiAv‡b A_©bxwZ, Bmjvgx dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, Gwcªj 1990|
c„ôv bs-49
 Aa¨vcK ivqnvb kixd, Bmjvgx †m¨vmvj †dªgIqvK© (Islamic Social
Framework), Bmjvgx dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1980|
 gynv¤§` Zv‡ni †nv‡mb, Bmjv‡g bvix, XvKv: ü` cÖKvkb|
 †eMg b~iRvnvb ikx`, Bmjvgx AvB‡b bvixi ¯’vb I AwaKvi, XvKv: BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k|
 gvIjvbv Ave`yj AvRxR, mnR dviv‡qR wkÿv, XvKv: g`xbv cvewj‡KkvÝ|
c„ôv bs-50