Lesson 1
Objectives
1. Define Research Methodology
2. Highlight the various types of research
In the context of our course, let's define research methodology and identify different types of
research:
Research Methodology
Research methodology refers to the systematic and organized approach used by researchers to
conduct investigations, gather information, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
It encompasses the strategies, techniques, and processes employed in research to ensure the
collection of reliable and valid data. A strong research methodology is crucial for producing
credible research results.
Different Types of Research
There are several types of research methods that researchers can employ based on their
objectives and the nature of the research problem. Here are some common types:
a. Descriptive Research: This type of research aims to describe a phenomenon or provide a
detailed account of a subject. It often involves surveys, observations, or content analysis.
b. Exploratory Research: Exploratory research is conducted when a researcher seeks to gain
preliminary insights or a better understanding of a problem, which may guide further
investigation.
c. Experimental Research: Experimental research involves manipulating one or more
variables to observe their effect on another variable. It is often used to establish cause-andeffect relationships.
d. Qualitative Research: Qualitative research focuses on understanding human behavior,
attitudes, and experiences in-depth. It typically involves methods such as interviews, focus
groups, and content analysis. The 5 major biography, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded
theory, and case study.
e. Quantitative Research: Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of
numerical data to draw statistical conclusions. Surveys and experiments are common methods
in quantitative research.
f. Case Study Research: Case study research involves an in-depth examination of a single
subject or a small group of subjects. It is often used to explore complex or unique
phenomena.
g. Correlational Research: Correlational research seeks to identify relationships or
associations between variables without manipulating them. It measures the degree of
correlation between variables.
h. Action Research: Action research is conducted by practitioners to solve specific problems
within their own professional settings. It combines research and practical problem-solving.
These are just a few examples of the diverse types of research methodologies that researchers
can utilize depending on their research goals and the questions they aim to answer.
Famous research study examples
The Marshmallow Test (Walter Mischel):
Type of Research: This study employed a combination of observational and longitudinal
research. Children were observed in a controlled setting where they were given the choice
between immediate gratification (one marshmallow) or delayed gratification (two
marshmallows) to assess their level of self-control.
Assignment Tasks:
Personal Reflection Reflect on your own interests or academic/career goals. Choose one
type of research methodology from the lecture that you believe aligns well with your interests
or future endeavours.
Write a paragraph (approximately 150 words) explaining why you find this particular
research methodology appealing and how you envision using it in your future academic or
professional pursuits.
Submission Guidelines:
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Ensure your assignment is typed and well-structured.
Use clear and concise language.
Cite any sources you reference for the real-world examples.
Submit your assignment.
This assignment will not only reinforce your understanding of research types but also
encourage you to think critically about how research methodologies can be applied in
different contexts, including your own areas of interest.