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BSI Standards Publication
Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing
- Techniques, testing levels, and assessment
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BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN ISO 17640:2018
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 17640:2018.
It is identical to ISO 17640:2018. It supersedes BS EN ISO 17640:2017,
which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretar y.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2019
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2019
ISBN 978 0 539 00771 8
ICS 25.160.40
Compliance with a British Standard c annot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2019.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
EN ISO 17640
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2018
ICS 25.160.40
Supersedes EN ISO 17640:2017
English Version
Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing Techniques, testing levels, and assessment (ISO
17640:2018)
Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés Contrôle par ultrasons - Techniques, niveaux d'essai et
évaluation (ISO 17640:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITE E FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
EN ISO 17640:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 17640:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 17640:2017.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17640:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17640:2018 without any modification.
3
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
1
Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2
Normative references...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3
Terms and deinitions..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4
Symbols .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5
General............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6
Information required prior to testing............................................................................................................................................ 3
6.1
Items to be speciied .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2
Speciic information required before testing................................................................................................................ 4
6.3
Written test procedure..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7
Requirements for personnel and equipment......................................................................................................................... 4
7.1
Personnel qualiications ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
7.2
Test equipment ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7.3
Probe parameters................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
7.3.1
Test frequency .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.3.2
Angles of incidence ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
7.3.3
Transducer size................................................................................................................................................................. 5
7.3.4
Adaptation of probes to curved scanning surfaces............................................................................ 5
7.3.5
Coupling media ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
8
Testing volume........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
9
Preparation of scanning surfaces ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
10
Parent metal testing.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
11
Range and sensitivity setting................................................................................................................................................................... 7
11.1 General........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
11.2 Reference for sensitivity setting .............................................................................................................................................. 8
11.3 Evaluation levels.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
11.4 Transfer correction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
11.5 Signal-to-noise ratio........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
12
Testing levels ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
13
Testing techniques...........................................................................................................................................................................................10
13.1 General........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
13.2 Manual scan path ............................................................................................................................................................................... 10
13.3 Testing for imperfections perpendicular to the testing surface................................................................ 10
13.4 Location of discontinuities........................................................................................................................................................ 10
13.5 Evaluation of indications............................................................................................................................................................. 10
13.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................10
13.5.2 Maximum echo amplitude.................................................................................................................................... 10
13.5.3 Discontinuity length...................................................................................................................................................10
13.5.4 Discontinuity height................................................................................................................................................... 10
13.5.5 Characterization of discontinuities............................................................................................................... 10
14
Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Annex A (normative) Testing levels for various types of welded joints........................................................................13
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identiied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO speciic terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso
.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds.
Any feedback, question or request for oficial interpretation related to any aspect of this document
should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete
listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Of icial interpretations, where they
exist, are available from this page: https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 17640:2017), which has been technically
revised. The main change compared to the previous edition is that Figure A.4 a) and b) has been
corrected.
iv
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing —
Techniques, testing levels, and assessment
1 Scope
This document speciies techniques for the manual ultrasonic testing of fusion-welded joints in metallic
materials of thickness ≥8 mm which exhibit low ultrasonic attenuation (especially that due to scatter)
at object temperatures from 0 °C to 60 °C. It is primarily intended for use on full penetration welded
joints where both the welded and parent material are ferritic.
Where material-dependent ultrasonic values are speciied in this document, they are based on steels
having an ultrasonic sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for
transverse waves.
This document speciies four testing levels, each corresponding to a different probability of detection of
imperfections. Guidance on the selection of testing levels A, B, and C is given in Annex A.
This document speciies that the requirements of testing level D, which is intended for special
applications, be in accordance with general requirements. Testing level D can only be used when deined
by speciication. This includes tests of metals other than ferritic steel, test s on partial penetration welds,
tests with automated equipment, and tests at object temperatures outside the range 0 °C to 60 °C.
This document can be used for the assessment of discontinuities, for acceptance purposes, by either of
the following techniques:
a)
evaluation based primarily on length and echo amplitude of the discontinuit y;
b) evaluation based on characterization and sizing of the discontinuity by probe movement techniques.
2
Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualiication and certiication of NDT personnel
ISO 11666, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing— Acceptance levels
ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — General principles
ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and range setting
ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Examination for discontinuities perpendicular
to the surface
ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials
ISO 23279, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization of discontinuities
in welds
EN 12668 (all parts), Non-destructive testing — Characterization and veriication of ultrasonic
examination equipment
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3 Terms and deinitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and deinitions given in ISO 5577 and ISO 17635 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Symbols
The symbols in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol
AL
DDSR
h
a
Deinition
Unit
acceptance level
—
diameter of the disk-shaped relector (lat-bottomed hole)
mm
extension of the discontinuity in depth direction
mm
l
length of the discontinuity
mm
lx
projected length of the discontinuity in the x-direction
mm
ly
projected length of the discontinuity in the y-direction
mm
p
full skip distance
mm
t
thickness of parent materiala
mm
x
position of the discontinuity in the longitudinal direction
mm
y
position of the discontinuity in the transverse direct ion
mm
z
position of the discontinuity in the depth direction
mm
If the joined parts are not of equal thickness, t represents the smallest thickness.
Indications shall be considered to be originating from either longitudinal or transverse discontinuities,
depending on the direction of their major dimension with respect to the weld axis, x, in accordance with
Figure 1.
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Key
1
origin
Figure 1 — Coordinate system for deining the location of discontinuities
5 General
The purpose of this document is to describe general techniques of ultrasonic weld testing, using
standard criteria, for the most commonly used welded joints at object temperatures in the range 0 °C to
60 °C. The speciic requirements of this document cover the test equipment, preparation, performance
of testing, and reporting. The parameters speciied, in part icular those for the probes, are compatible
with the requirements of ISO 11666 and ISO 23279.
If the joined parts are not of equal thickness, the smallest thickness shall be considered.
The techniques used shall be speciied.
6
6.1
Information required prior to testing
Items to be speciied
These include:
a)
method for setting the reference level;
b) method to be used for the evaluation of discontinuit ies;
c)
acceptance levels;
d) testing level;
e)
manufacturing and operation stage(s) at which the testing is to be carried out;
f)
qualiication of personnel;
g)
extent of the testing for transverse discontinuities;
h) requirements for additional tandem testing (according to ISO 16826);
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i)
parent metal testing prior to and/or after welding;
j)
whether or not a writ ten test procedure is required;
k) requirements for writ ten test procedures.
6.2
Speciic information required before testing
Before any testing of a welded joint can begin, the operator shall have access to the following essential
information:
a)
writ ten test procedure, if required (see 6.3);
b)
type(s) of parent material and product form (i.e. cast, forged, rolled);
c)
manufact uring or operation stage at which testing is to be made, including heat treatment, if any;
d) time and extent of any post-weld heat treatment;
e)
joint preparation and dimensions;
f)
requirements for surface conditions;
g)
welding procedure or relevant information on the welding process;
h) reporting requirements;
i)
acceptance levels;
j)
extent of testing, including requirements for transverse discontinuities, if relevant;
k) testing level;
l)
personnel quali ication level;
m) procedures for correct ive actions when unacceptable discontinuities are revealed.
6.3
Written test procedure
The deinitions and requirements in this document normally satisfy the need for a written test
procedure.
Where this is not the case, or where the techniques described in this document are not applicable to the
welded joint to be tested, additional written test procedures shall be used, if required by speciication.
7 Requirements for personnel and equipment
7.1
Personnel qualiications
Personnel performing testing in accordance with this document shall be qualiied to an appropriate
level in ultrasonic testing in accordance with ISO 9712 or equivalent in the relevant industrial sector.
In addition to a general knowledge of ultrasonic weld testing, personnel shall also be familiar with
testing problems speciically associated with the t ype of welded joints to be tested.
7.2
Test equipment
Any equipment used for testing in conjunction with this document shall comply with the requirements
of EN 12668 (all parts).
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7.3
Probe parameters
7.3.1
Test frequency
The frequency shall be within the range 2 MHz to 5 MHz and shall be selected to consider the properties
of the test object and to comply with the speciied acceptance levels, e.g. those of ISO 11666.
Higher frequencies may be used to improve range resolution if this is necessary when using standards
for acceptance levels based on characterization of discontinuities, e.g. ISO 23279.
Lower frequencies may be used for testing at long sound paths and/or when the material shows high
attenuation.
7.3.2
Angles of incidence
When testing is carried out with transverse waves and techniques that require the ultrasonic beam to
be relected from an opposite surface, care shall be taken to ensure that the angle between the beam
and the normal to the opposite relecting surface is between 35° and 70°. Where more than one beam
angle is used, at least one of the angle-beam probes used shall conform to this requirement. One of the
beam angles used shall ensure that the weld fusion faces are tested at, or as near as possible to, normal
incidence. When the use of two or more beam angles is speciied, the difference between the nominal
beam angles shall be 10° or greater.
Angles of incidence at the probe and opposite relecting surface, when curved, may be determined by
drawing a sectional view of the weld or in accordance with the techniques given in ISO 16811. Where
angles of incidence cannot be determined as speciied by this document, the test report shall contain
a comprehensive description of the scans used and the extent of any incomplete coverage caused,
together with an explanation of the dificulties encountered.
7.3.3
Transducer size
The transducer size shall be chosen according to the ultrasonic path to be used and the frequency.
The smaller the transducer, the smaller the length and width of the near ield, and the larger the beam
spread in the far ield at a given frequency.
Small probes having 6 mm to 12 mm diameter transducers (or rectangular transducers of equivalent
area) are therefore most useful when working at short sound paths. For longer sound paths, i.e. greater
than 100 mm for single-transducer and greater than 200 mm for angle-beam probes, a transducer size
of 12 mm to 24 mm is more suitable.
7.3.4
Adaptation of probes to curved scanning surfaces
The gap, g, between test surface and bottom of the probe shall not be greater than 0,5 mm.
For lat probes on cylindrical or spherical surfaces, this requirement can be checked with Formula (1):
g a
=
2
4D
(1)
where
a
is the dimension of the probe in the direction of curvature, in mm;
D
is the diameter of the test object, in mm.
If a value for g larger than 0,5 mm results from Formula (1), the probe shall be adapted to the surface
and the sensitivity and range shall be set accordingly.
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For spherical or complex shaped surfaces, Formula (1) shall be applied in both length and width
direction of the probe (possible differences in curvature and/or probe dimensions).
7.3.5
Coupling media
The coupling media shall be in accordance with ISO 16810. The coupling medium used for range and
sensitivity setting and for the test shall be the same.
8 Testing volume
The testing volume (see Figure 2) is deined as the zone which includes weld and parent material and
the width of the heat-affected zone on each side of the weld or at least 10 mm if the width of the heataffected zone is not known.
In all cases, scanning shall cover the whole testing volume. If individual sections of this volume cannot
be covered in at least one scanning direction, or if the angles of incidence with the opposite surface
do not meet the requirements of 7.3.2, alternative or supplementary ultrasonic techniques or other
non-destructive techniques shall be agreed upon. This may, in some cases, require removal of the weld
reinforcement.
Supplementary techniques can require testing using dual-transducer angle-beam probes, creeping
wave probes, further ultrasonic techniques or any other suitable method, e.g. liquid penetrant, magnetic
particle, radiographic testing. In selecting alternative or supplementary techniques, due consideration
should be given to the type of weld and probable orientation of any imperfections to be detected.
9 Preparation of scanning surfaces
Scanning surfaces shall be wide enough to permit the testing volume (see Figure 2) to be fully covered.
Alternatively, the width of the scanning surfaces may be smaller if equivalent coverage of the testing
volume can be achieved by scanning from both the upper and the lower surface of the joint.
Scanning surfaces shall be even and free from foreign matter likely to interfere with probe coupling
(e.g. rust, loose scale, weld spatter, notches, grooves). Waviness of the test surface shall not result in a
gap between the probe and test surfaces greater than 0,5 mm. These requirements shall be ensured by
dressing, if necessary. Local variations in surface contour, e.g. along the edge of the weld, which result
in a gap beneath the probe of up to 1 mm, can only be permitted if at least one additional beam angle is
employed from the affected side at the weld. This additional scanning is necessary to compensate for
the reduced weld coverage that will occur with a gap of this dimension.
Scanning surfaces and surfaces from which the sound beam is relected shall allow undisturbed
coupling and relection.
10 Parent metal testing
The parent metal, in the scanning zone area (see Figure 2), shall be tested with straight-beam probes
prior to or after welding, unless it can be demonstrated (e.g. by previous testing during the fabrication
process) that the angle-beam testing of the weld is not inluenced by the presence of the imperfections
or high attenuation.
Where imperfections are found, their inluence on the proposed angle-beam testing shall be assessed
and, if necessary, the techniques adjusted correspondingly. When satisfactory coverage by ultrasonic
testing is seriously affected, other test techniques (e.g. radiographic testing) shall be considered.
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Key
1
position 1, taking into account the width of the heat-affected zone
2
position 2
3
position 3
4
heat-affected zone
a
Width of testing volume.
b
Scanning zone width, not including the width of the weld because of the presence of the weld reinforcement.
Figure 2 — Example of testing volume to be covered when scanning for longitudinal
discontinuities
11 Range and sensitivity setting
11.1 General
Setting of range and sensitivity shall be carried out prior to each testing in accordance with this
document and ISO 16811, taking the inluence of temperature into account. The temperature difference
during range and sensitivity setting and during the test shall be within ±15 °C.
Checks to conirm these settings shall be performed at least every 4 h and upon completion of the
testing. Checks shall also be carried out whenever a system parameter is changed or changes in the
equivalent settings are suspected.
If deviations greater than 2 dB, or 1 % of range, are found during these checks, the corrections given in
Table 2 shall be carried out.
Table 2 — Sensitivity and range corrections
Sensitivity
1
Deviations ≤ 2 dB
No action required.
2
2 dB < deviation ≤ 4 dB
Set ti ng sha ll be cor rected befor e t he testing i s cont inued.
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Table 2 (continued)
3
Reduction of the sensitivity > 4 dB Setting shall be corrected and all testing carried out with the
equipment over the previous period shall be repeated.
Increase in sensitivity > 4 dB
Setting shall be corrected and all recorded indications shall
be re-examined.
1
Deviations < 1 % of the range
No action required.
2
1 % of the range < deviation ≤
2 % of the range
Setting shall be corrected before testing is continued.
4
Range
3
Deviations > 2 % of the range
Setting shall be corrected and testing carried out with the
equipment over the previous period shall be r epeated.
11.2 Reference for sensitivity setting
One of the following techniques for setting the reference shall be used.
The use of these techniques may not result in equal test results.
Different testing results can occur by usage of dif ferent techniques for sensitivity setting.
— Technique 1: the reference is a distance-amplitude curve (DAC) for side-drilled holes of diameter
3 mm.
— Technique 2: the references for transverse and longitudinal waves using the distance-gainsize (DGS) system based on the diameter of the disk-shaped relectors (DDSR) are given in Tables 3
and 4, respectively.
— Technique 3: the reference notch shall be rectangular, 1 mm wide with a depth of 1 mm. This
technique applies only for the thickness range 8 mm ≤ t < 15 mm and only for beam angles ≥70°.
— Technique 4: for the tandem technique, the reference is a disk-shaped relector (lat-bottomed hole)
of 6 mm diameter (for all thicknesses), perpendicular to the scanning surface. This technique is
applicable only for beam angle 45° and thickness t ≥ 40 mm.
The length of the side-drilled holes and notches shall be greater than the width of the sound beam at
−20 dB amplitude.
Table 3 — Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using angle-beam
scanning with transverse waves
Nominal
probe
frequency
MHz
2,0 to 2,5
3,0 to 5,0
Thickness of parent material, t
8 mm ≤ t < 15 mm
AL 2
AL 3
—
—
15 mm ≤ t < 40 mm
40 mm ≤ t < 100 mm
AL 2
AL 2
AL 3
AL 3
DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
Table 4 — Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using straight-beam
scanning with longitudinal waves
Nominal
probe
frequency
Thickness of parent material, t
8 mm ≤ t < 15 mm
MHz
AL 2
AL 3
2,0 to 2,5
—
—
3,0 to 5,0
15 mm ≤ t < 40 mm
40 mm ≤ t < 100 mm
AL 2
AL 2
AL 3
AL 3
DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
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11.3 Evaluation levels
All indications equal to or exceeding the following levels shall be evaluated.
The evaluation levels for techniques 1 to 4 are given in ISO 11666:2018, Table A.1.
11.4 Transfer correction
When separate blocks are used for establishing reference levels, a measurement shall be made of the
transfer differences, between test object and reference block, at a representative number of locations.
Suitable techniques are described in ISO 16811.
If the differences are less than or equal to 2 dB, correction is not required.
If the dif ferences are greater than 2 dB but smaller than or equal to 12 dB, they shall be compensated for.
If transfer losses exceed 12 dB, the reason shall be considered and further preparation of the scanning
surfaces shall be carried out, if applicable.
When there are no apparent reasons for high correction values, the attenuation, at various locations on
the test object, shall be measured and, where it is found to vary signiicantly, corrective actions shall be
considered.
11.5 Signal-to-noise ratio
During testing of the weld, the noise level, excluding spurious surface indications, shall remain at least
12 dB below the evaluation level. This requirement may be relaxed subject to speciication.
12 Testing levels
Quality requirements for welded joints are mainly associated with the material, welding process and
service conditions. To accommodate all of these requirements, this document speciies four testing
levels (A, B, C, and D).
From testing level A to testing level C, an increasing probability of detection is achieved by an increasing
testing coverage, e.g. number of scans, surface dressing. Testing level D may be agreed for special
application using a written procedure which shall take into account the general requirements of this
document.
In general, the testing levels are related to quality levels (e.g. ISO 5817). The appropriate testing
level may be speciied by standards for testing of welds (e.g. ISO 17635), product standards or other
documents.
When ISO 17635 is speciied, the recommended testing levels are as given in Table 5.
Table 5 — Recommended testing levels
Testing level
Quality level in ISO 5817
A
C, D
B
B
C
By agreement
D
Special application
Speciic requirements for testing levels A to C are given for various types of joints in Annex A. The
joint types shown are ideal examples only; where actual weld conditions or accessibility do not conform
exactly to those shown, the testing technique shall be modiied to satisfy the general requirements of
this document and the speciic testing level required. For these cases, a written test procedure shall be
prepared.
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
13 Testing techniques
13.1 General
Ultrasonic testing shall be performed in accordance with ISO 16810 with the addition of the
speciications in 13.2 to 13.5.
13.2 Manual scan path
During angle-beam scanning (as illustrated in Figure 2), a slight swivelling movement up to an angle of
approximately 10° on either side of the nominal beam direction shall be applied to the probe.
13.3 Testing for imperfections perpendicular to the testing surface
Subsurface planar imperfections perpendicular to the testing surface are dificult to detect with single
single-transducer angle-beam techniques. For such imperfections, speciic testing techniques should be
considered, particularly for welds in thicker materials. Use of these testing techniques shall be deined
by speciication.
13.4 Location of discontinuities
The location of discontinuities shall be deined by reference to a coordinate system, e.g. as shown in
Figure 1. A point on the testing surface shall be selected as the origin for these measurements.
Where testing is carried out from more than one surface, reference points shall be established on each
surface. In this case, care shall be taken to establish a positional relationship between all reference
points used, so that the absolute location of all discontinuities can be established from any nominated
reference point.
In the case of circumferential welds, this can require the establishment of the inner and outer reference
points prior to assembly for welding.
13.5 Evaluation of indications
13.5.1 General
All relevant indications above the evaluation level shall be assessed in accordance with 13.5.2 to 13.5.4.
13.5.2 Maximum echo amplitude
The echo amplitude shall be maximized by probe movement and recorded in relation to the
reference level.
13.5.3 Discontinuity length
The length of a discontinuity, in either the longitudinal or transverse direction (lx, ly), shall, where
possible, be determined using the technique speciied in the acceptance levels standard, unless
otherwise agreed.
13.5.4 Discontinuity height
The height of a discontinuity shall only be determined if required by speciication.
13.5.5 Characterization of discontinuities
If speciied, discontinuities shall be characterized in accordance with ISO 23279.
10
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
14 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:
a)
an identiication of the object under test:
1) the material and product form;
2) the dimensions;
3) the location of tested weld/welded joint, sketch showing geometrical coniguration (if
necessary);
4) a reference to the welding procedure, speciication and heat treatment;
5) the state of manufacture;
6) the surface conditions;
7) the temperature of the test object;
b) the contract requirements, e.g. speciications, guidelines, special agreements;
c)
the place and date of testing;
d) an identiication of test organizations and identiication and certiication of operator;
e)
the maker and type of the ultrasonic instrument with identiicat ion number, if required;
f)
the maker, type, nominal frequency, size of transducer and actual angle of incidence of probes used
with identiication number, if required;
g)
an identiication of reference blocks used with a sketch, if necessary;
h) the coupling medium;
i)
the testing level(s) and reference to writ ten procedure when used;
j)
the extent of testing;
k)
the location of the scanning areas;
l)
the reference points and details of the coordinate system used as speci ied in 13.4;
m) an identiication of probe positions, as speci ied in Annex A or by use of a sketch;
n)
the range setting;
o)
the method and values used for sensitivity setting (gain setting for reference levels and values used
for transfer corrections);
p) the reference levels;
q) the result of the parent material test;
r)
the standards for acceptance levels;
s)
the deviations from this document or contract requirements;
t)
the coordinates of the discontinuities, as speciied in 13.4, with details of associated probes and
corresponding probe positions;
u) the maximum echo amplitudes as speciied in 13.5.2 and information, if required, on the t ype and
size of discontinuities;
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
v)
the lengths of discontinuities as speciied in 13.5.3;
w) the results of evaluation according to speciied acceptance levels;
x)
a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 17640.
12
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Testing levels for various types of welded joints
See Figures A.1 to A.7 and Tables A.1 to A.7.
Key
1
side 1
2
top view
3
side 2
4
side view
5
angle-beam probe
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, W, X, Y, Z probe positions (shown on one side only, but can be mirrored about the weld centre line)
b
scanning zone width (SZW) related to skip distance, p, to cover the testing volume
(see Clause 8)
p
full-skip distance
Figure A.1 — Examples of probe positions for a butt joint
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
a) End view
b) Side view
Key
1
component 1
2
component 2
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, W, X, Y, Z probe positions
a, b, c, d, e, f, g
scanning zone width indicators
t
thickness
Figure A.2 — Examples of probe positions for a structural T-joint
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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https://documents-downloader.pages.dev/document
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
a) Cross section
b) Top view
Key
1
component 1, cylindrical shell/lat plate
2
component 2, nozzle
3
straight-beam probe
A, B, C, D, E, F, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
probe positions
a, b, c, d, e
scanning zone width indicators
t
thickness
Figure A.3 — Examples of probe positions for a set-through nozzle joint
18
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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19
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
a) Cross section
b) End view
Key
1
component 1, nozzle
2
component 2, shell
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, X, Y
probe positions
a, b, c
scanning zone width indicators
t
thickness
Figure A.4 — Examples of probe positions for a structural L-joint
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
https://documents-downloader.pages.dev/document
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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22
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© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
a) Cross section
b) Top view
Key
1
component 1, nozzle
2
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3
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A, B, C, D, X, Y probe positions
a, b, c, d, x
scanning zone width indicators
t
thickness
Figure A.5 — Examples of probe positions for a set-on nozzle joint
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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25
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
a) End view
b) Side view
Key
1
component 1
2
component 2
3
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t
thickness
Figure A.6 — Examples of probe positions for a cruciform joint
26
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Key
1
component 1, main pipe
2
component 2, branch pipe
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, X, Y
probe positions
d, e, f, g, h
scanning zone width indicators
t
thickness
Figure A.7 — Examples of probe positions for a node joint in tubular structure
28
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
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BS EN ISO 17640:2018
ISO 17640:2018(E)
Bibliography
[1]
ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections
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