Title:
Intellectual Competencies:
Purposive Communication in English
Lecturer: MELISSA A. MARVIC, LPT
BSEd – English, Top 6
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
IN ENGLISH
BY: LEAPHRIL TORRES SAJONAS, LPT
Contributor….
Karen Tubio Baya
Licensed Professional Teacher
TEFL – Certified
MAELT, PUP Sta. Mesa (GWA 1.13)
ESL Instructor for 7 Years
FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
1.These foundations show the chronological development of
curriculum, mostly shown using a timeline.
A. Legal
Foundations
B. Psychological Foundations
C. Philosophical Foundations
D. Historical Foundations
FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
1.These foundations show the chronological development of
curriculum, mostly shown using a timeline.
A. Legal
Foundations
B. Psychological Foundations
C. Philosophical Foundations
D. Historical Foundations
Purposive Communication in English is
aboutwriting, speaking, and presenting to
different audiences and for various purposes.
WRITIN
G
SPEAKIN
G
PRESENTIN
G
1. UNDERSTANDING 21st
CENTURY
COMMUNICATION
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE and COMMUNICATION
METHOD OF
HUMAN
COMMUNICATION
MOTHER TONGUE/
SECOND
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE
CONTACT
GRAMMAR
SOUNDS
VOCABULARY
ACQUIRED OR
LEARNED
LANGUAGE
CHANGE
What is Communication?
Latin - “communicare”
“to share” or “to make common”
(Weekley, 1967).
“the process of understanding and
sharing meaning”
(Pearson & Nelson, 2000).
“relational process of creating
and interpreting messages that
elicit a response".
(Griffin, 2012)
What is Communication?
Communication is the
exchange of
information, ideas,
thoughts, and feelings
by one individual to
another.
Nature
of
Communication
Nature of Communication
Communication
It is
much
It is a
proces
more
s
than
words It is
between
two or
more
people
Components
of
Communication
Process
Components of Communication Process
Sender
one who crafts a message, idea,
or information
Encoding – Process of converting
idea or thoughts of the information
into symbols
Components of Communication Process
Message
the information, idea, thought,
etc. that the speaker wants to
convey
Written, Verbal or Nonverbal
Components of Communication Process
Channel
means of transmission
or distribution of the
message
Medium : Written, Verbal, or
Non-Verbal
Components of Communication Process
Receiver
For whom the message
was created and one
who receives it
Decoding – Receiver’s mental
processing of interpreting message
into meaning
Components of Communication Process
Feedback
the receiver’s response or
reaction to the sender’s
message
Facial expressions, body
gestures, words or even
silence
Components of Communication Process
context
common and shared
understanding of the
situation
Environment, topic, culture,
relationship
Components of Communication Process
Environmen
t
Physical and psychological
space where the
communication happens
Location, time, temperature,
event
Components of Communication Process
Interference
a hindrance that
prevents effective
communication
Noise, barrier, block
Kinds
of
Barriers
Kinds of Barriers
Psychologic
al
Thoughts that hamper the
message to be interpreted
correctly by the receiver
Physiologica
l
Related to person’s health
and fitness
Kinds of Barriers
Linguistic
cultural
Physical
mechanical
Differences in
word usage
and meaning
of words
cause
confusion
misunderstandin
g of meaning,
caused by
cultural
differences
between sender
and receiver
Environmental
factors
That limit the
sending and
receiving of
messages
flaw in the
machinery,
instruments, or
channel used to
convey the
message
Process
of Communication
Process of
Communication
Sender
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encode
r
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encoder
Channe
l
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encoder
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Decode
r
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Decode
r
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedback
Decode
r
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encoder
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Decoder
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Decode
r
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Envir
Sender
Encoder
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Decode
r
onme
n
t
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Contex
t
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Envir
Decode
r
onme
n
t
Receive
r
Process of
Communication
Contex
t
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Envir
Decode
r
onme
n
t
Receiver
Process of
Communication
Contex
t
Sender
Encode
r
Interferenc
e
Channe
l
Feedbac
k
Envir
Decode
r
onme
n
t
Receive
r
DRILLS
DRILLS
We use paralanguage and
suprasegmental in
conversing.
A. Communication is
a process
B. Communication is
between two/more
people
C. Communication is
much more than
words
D. Communication
involves two people
DRILLS
NOT a nature of
communication
A. Communication is
a process
B. Communication is
between two/more
people
C. Communication is
much more than
words
D. Communication
involves two people
DRILLS
Affects the mood and the
style of speaking that
must be used
Message
Environment
Channel
Context
DRILLS
Psychological and
psychosocial connection
between communicators
Message
Environment
Channel
Context
DRILLS
Specific manner of how the
message goes through the
receiver
Message
Environment
Channel
Context
DRILLS
Linguistic
barrier
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Emotional baggage that
affects behavior
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Ethnocentrism
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Xenocentrism
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Different time
zones
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Daydreaming
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Giving tips to
waiters
Psychological
Physical
Physiological
Cultural
DRILLS
Types
of
Communication
CONTEXT
MODE
✔ VERBAL
✔ NON-VERBAL
✔ VISUALS
✔ WRITTEN
✔ INTRAPERSONAL
✔ INTERPERSONAL
✔ EXTENDED
✔ ORGANIZATIONAL
✔ INTERCULTURAL
✔ MASS
PURPOSE AND
STYLE
✔ FORMAL
✔ INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION CLASSIFICATION
Types
of
Communication
(according to mode)
Types of Communication According to Mode
VERBAL –
USE OF WORDS, (SPOKEN OR WRITTEN)
NON-VERBAL -
(body language, facial expressions, gestures, created space)
VISUAL - uses visuals
(signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams,
pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations and electronic
communication)
Types
of
Communication
(according to context)
Types of Communication
(context)
Intrapersona
l
Within an
individual
Interpersona
l
Among
people
Dyadic
between two people
Small group
3 or more (15 people)
Types of Communication
(context)
Extended
With the use of technological tools
Organizational
Business environments
Intercultural
Among people of diverse culture
Mass
To large audiences through different
modes
(mediated)
Intracultura
Internationa
Interethnic Interracial
l
l
Types of Communication According to Context
1. Intrapersonal Communication
✔ “intra”- means within or inside.
✔ talking to oneself, self or inner talk, inner
monologue, inner dialogue, self-verbalization or
self-statement
✔ boost in confidence, self-appraisal, selfconsolation
Types of Communication According to Context
2. Interpersonal Communication
✔ “inter” – means between, among, and together
✔ interactive exchange takes place
✔ occur in dyads, or small group
✔ establishes or deepens relationships
✔less serious and formal
TRANSACTIONAL –
✔ meant to achieve something
✔ more formal, and profound
Principles
of
Interpersonal
Communication
Principles of Interpersonal Communication
Communication is …
Inevitable
All actions communicate
Irreversible
Cannot take back what was said
Complex
Interpret meanings from symbols
Contextual
There are diverse meanings
Psychological
Relational
Situational
Cultural
Types of Communication According to Context
3. Extended Communication
✔ use of electronic media
✔ public in nature
✔ faster transmission, later audience
✔ Influential, persuasive
Types of Communication According to Context
4. Organizational Communication
✔ (organizational context)
ORGANIZATION –
✔ individuals working for a company
✔ Must have a system of communication in place
✔ Must have rules for standards for communication
protocol
✔ Has own culture ( organizational culture)
Types of Communication
(organizational)
Downward
Upward
Horizontal
Superior to
subordinate
Subordinate to
superior
Among
members
Types of Communication According to Context
5. Intercultural Communication
✔ communication between or among people having different
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional
backgrounds. Even gender difference affects
communication.
✔ Individual having different orientations
communicate and interpret messages differently
Types
of
Communication
(according to purpose and style)
Types of Communication
(purpose and style)
Formal
Informal
Carefully thought of to
selected channel and
audience to inform
persuade, and entertain
Casual and takes place in
ordinary conversation to
socialize
General Principles
of
Effective
Communication
(Madrunio and Martin, 2018)
General
Principles of
Effective
Communicatio
n
1. Know your purpose in
communicating
2. Know your audience
3. Know your topic
4. Adjust your speech or writing to
the context of the situation
5. Work on the feedback given to you
The Nine Principles of Effective Communication (OSBORNE 2009)
CLARITY
✔ This makes speeches understandable.
✔ Fuzzy language is absolutely forbidden.
CONCRETENESS
✔ Message must be supported by facts.
✔ Abstract words must be avoided.
COURTESY
✔ Being polite in terms of approach and manner.
The Nine Principles of Effective Communication
CORRECTNESS
✔ Grammar mistakes can obscure the message’s meaning.
✔ The misuse of language can damage your credibility.
CONSIDERATION
✔ Message must be geared towards the audience.
✔ consider the recipient’s profession, education, race, ethnicity, hobbies, interest, passion,
advocacies, and age
CREATIVITY
✔ the ability to craft an interesting message
✔ Syntax and diction
The Nine Principles of Effective Communication
CONCISENESS
✔ Simplicity and directness
✔ Avoid using lengthy expressions and words that may confuse the recipient
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
✔ emphasis on empowering diverse, cultures, lifestyle and races and
pursuit for gender equality
CAPTIVATING
✔ must strive to make messages interesting
Principles of Effective Communication
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES INTO OPERATION KAPUR (2020):
1. Trustworthiness
2. Effective Speaking Skills
3. Active Listening
4. Good Writing Skills
5. Good Reading Skills
6. Objective Judgement
7. Value Difference
8. No Assumptions
9. Authenticity
Ethical
Considerations
in
Communication
1. Respect
Audience
5. Do not
falsify
informatio
n
Ethical
Considerations
in
Communicatio
ns
4. Use
Information
Correctly
2. Consider
the Result
of
Communicatio
n
3. Value Truth
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS BY BARROT AND SIPACIO (2018)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Uphold integrity.
Respect diversity of perspective and privacy.
Observe freedom of expression effectively.
Promote access to communication.
Be open-minded.
Develop your sense of accountability.
DRILLS
DRILLS
Signs and symbols
to convey meaning
Visual
Written
DRILLS
Business
environments
International
Organizationa
l
DRILLS
To large audiences
through different
modes
Extended
Mass
DRILLS
To Inform
Formal
Informal
DRILLS
To socialize
Formal
Informal
DRILLS
DRILLS
“Once a word goes out of
your mouth, you can never
swallow it again.”
Complex
Inevitable
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
We do not stop but are
constantly
communicating
Complex
Inevitable
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
“Taste your words
before you spit them
out”
Inevitable
Complex
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
Can be verbal and
nonverbal
Inevitable
Complex
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
Creating and analyze
meaning
Inevitable
Complex
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
Various meaning
among people
Inevitable
Complex
Irreversible
Contextual
DRILLS
Communication
and
Globalization
Globalization
Globalization
the communication and assimilation among individuals,
ethnicities, races, institutions, governments of various nations
supported by technology and compelled by international trade
Global Village
different parts of the world form one community linked together
by electronic communications, especially the internet
Cultural Barriers
In Effective
Communication
Cultural Barrier
Cultural Relativism
- Cultural norms and values
Lack of Knowledge of others’
culture
misunderstanding of
meaning, caused by
cultural differences
between sender and
receiver
- behaviors and beliefs
- signs and symbols
Discrimination and Harassment
- stereotypes and prejudices
Language Difference
- contextual words
Strategies to
Become
an Effective
Global
Communicator
Strategies to became a Global Communicator
Mindful Presence
Mindful Speech
Mindful Listening
Unconditional Friendliness
Mindful Responsiveness
LOCAL AND GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION IN
MULTICULTURAL
SETTING
Globalization
Local
Global
Communication with the
members of one’s local
area
Ways to connect across
geographic, political,
economic, social, and cultural
aspect
Local and Global Communication
Multicultural refers to a society that contains
several cultural or ethnic groups.
Socio-Cultural Aspects of Communication
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
(Dapat, et al, 2016)
Cultural identity
Gender role
Age identity
Social class
Religious identity
Intercultural
Communication
Intercultural Communication
communication with people from
different cultures or cultural
groups
Forms of
Intercultural
Communication
Forms of Intercultural Communication
Intracultural
Communicating with members of
the same racial or ethnic group
Interethnic
Interacting with people of different
ethnic groups
Interracial
Communicating with people from
different races
Communicating between
representatives from different
nations
Internationa
l
Improving Intercultural Communication Competence (Dapat,
et al, 2016)
✔ People should be mindful of the other communicators who have different culture.
✔ People should mindfully choose the suitable words and actions that are culturally
acceptable to others.
✔ People should be skillful and tactful in communicating in multicultural settings.
✔ People should be observant on the connection among communication patterns.
✔ People should open their minds to dissimilar culture because it can give them
fresh options to try a new approach in life.
DRILLS
DRILLS
Different nations form
a single community
Globalizatio
n
Global
Village
DRILLS
The interaction among
different nationalities
supported by technology and
trade
Globalizatio
n
Global
Village
DRILLS
Different parts of the
world become one as
linked by technology
Globalizatio
n
Global
Village
DRILLS
DRILLS
Being Tactful
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Constructive
Criticism
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Appropriate
vocabulary
Mindful Listening
Mindful Presence
choice
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Logical
Feedback
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Focus and
concentration
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Accumulating
information
attentively
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
Putting full
attention
Mindful Presence
Mindful Listening
Mindful Speech
Mindful
Responsiveness
DRILLS
VARIETIES AND
REGISTERS OF
SPOKEN AND
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Written Language
Language is:
• Carefully organized and is explanatory
• Word of choice is deliberate
• Follows a particular structure
Spoken Language
Language is:
• Spontaneous
• Momentary
• Maintained in the form of a dialogue
Characteristics
of
Written and Spoken
English
Characteristics of Written English and Spoken
English
WRITTEN
ENGLISH
SPOKEN
ENGLISH
FLOW OF
LANGUAGE
Steady
Pauses
(Utterance)
ORGANIZATIO
N
Structured
Less Particular
with Structure
REGISTER
Mostly Formal
Mostly Informal
Language
Registers
Language Registers
Register
Definition
Frozen
Language that
never changes
Formal
Standard English
Consultativ
e
Casual
Intimate
Example
“Our Father who
art in heaven”
“Please accept our
sincerest gratitude”
Less formal standard “Appreciate it. Looking
forward to see you”
English
Language among
“What’s up, Dawg!”
Chillin’ again?”
friends
Language among
“Nay, tsararat
lovers & family
ba ako?”
Concentric Circles
of English
Concentric Circles (Braj Kachru)
Expanding
Circle
(EFL)
Outer
Circle
(ESL)
Inner
Circle
(ENL)
China, Caribbean Countries,
Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Japan,
Korea, Nepal, Saudi Arabia,
South Africa, South America,
Taiwan, Zimbabwe
Bangladesh, Ghana, India,
Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, Zambia
USA, UK, Canada, Australia,
New Zealand
Varieties
of
English
British vs. American
British
American
Flat
Timetable
Lift
Nappy
Loo
Apartment
Schedule
Elevator
Diaper
Toilet
British vs. American
British
Biscuit
Chips
Dustbin
Football
Fringe
American
Cookie
French Fries
Garbage Can
Soccer
Bangs
British vs. American
British
American
Holiday
Jumper
Pavement
Vacation
Sweater
sidewalk
Private School
Independent
School
State School Government School
American vs. Filipino
American
Filipino
Fridge
Q-tips
Hair Clasp
Napkin
Sunglasses
Ref
Cotton Buds
Hairband
Tissue
Shades
American vs. Filipino
American
Restroom
Sneakers
Button-up
Underwear
Bikini
Filipino
CR
Rubber Shoes
Polo
Brief/Panty
Bathing Suit
American vs. Filipino
American
Filipino
Hair spray
Billfold
Flipflops
Pop
Sausage/
Wiener
Spraynet
Wallet
Slippers
Softdrinks
Hotdog
DRILLS
DRILLS
Written Language is
spontaneous and
momentary
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Written English is
structured
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Written English is
formal
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Written English is
steady
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Spoken English is
unstable
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Spoken English is
systematically
structured
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
Spoken English is
formal
Fact
Bluff
DRILLS
DRILLS
What register?
“We, the sovereign Filipino
people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God”
Frozen
DRILLS
What register?
“Hi! It’s great to see you!
How’s life?”
Casual
DRILLS
What register?
“We regret to inform you that the
delivery will be delayed due to
adverse weather conditions”
Formal
DRILLS
What register?
“You occupy my mind”
Intimate
DRILLS
What register?
“You look wasted with the
booze last night!”
Casual
DRILLS
What register?
“Where are your good
manners?!”
Intimate
DRILLS
What register?
“Please accept our
warmest condolences, we
are deeply sorry for your
loss”
Formal
DRILLS
What register?
“Panatang Makabayan
Iniibig ko ang Pilipinas…”
Frozen
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
“English as a Second
Language”
Outer Circle
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
“English as a Foreign
Language”
Expanding
Circle
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
India, Singapore,
Malaysia, and
Philippines
Outer Circle
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
New Zealand, Canada,
and Australia
Inner Circle
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
“English as a Native
Language”
Inner Circle
DRILLS
What concentric circle?
South America, Indonesia,
Japan, Korea, South
Africa
Expanding
Circle
DRILLS
EVALUATING MESSAGES AND/
OR IMAGES OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF TEXT REFLECTING
DIFFERENT CULTURE
MULTIMODAL TEXT IN COMMUNICATION
MULTIMODAL - ‘multi’ (many or various) and ‘mode’ (way, channel, form or
medium of doing something)
TEXT
NOW
THEN
✔ a linguistic structure woven out
of words or signs to express
meaning
✔ any mode or resource that is used to convey
a set of meanings to the people who read or
examine the text
A text refers to any sign such as emoticons
and emojis, pictures, lines, drawings, music, etc.
, that expresses or enhances meanings.
Multimodal Text in Communication
‘Multi’ (many or various) and ‘mode’ (way, channel,
form or medium of doing something)
A text refers to any sign such as emoticons
and emojis, pictures, lines, drawings, music,
etc., that expresses or enhances meanings.
Text Types
Linguistic Landscape
Geosemiotics
Online Landscape
Linguistic Landscape
Linguistic Landscape
This is the language in the environment, words and
images displayed and exposed in public spaces,
that is the center of attention.
Features
of
Linguistic
Language
Features of Linguistic
Landscape
top-down
(public signs,
created by the state
and local
government bodies)
bottom-up
(created by shop
owners, private
businesses, etc.)
Features of Linguistic Landscape
Geosemiotics
Geosemiotics
It is the study of social meaning of the material
placements of signs and discourses and of
our actions in the material world
Kinds of Signs
Kinds
of
Sign
Regulatory Signs
Infrastructural
Signs
Commercial Signs
Transgressive Signs
Kinds of Signs
Regulatory
Signs
These are used to indicate or reinforce
traffic laws, regulations or requirements
which apply either at all times or at
specified times or places
Kinds of Signs
Infrastructura
l Signs
It is defined as the basic physical
systems of a business, region, or
nation and often involves the
production of public goods or
production processes.
Kinds of Signs
Commerci
al Signs
These are signs, displays, or
devices designed, intended or
used to encourage or promote
purchase or use of goods or
services.
Kinds of Signs
Transgressive
Signs
These are signs which
violate (intentionally or
accidentally) the
conventional semiotics at
that place
Online Landscape
Online Landscape
mode used to display wide-screen content,
such as a Web page, image, document or text
Media Literacy
Media Literacy
Media
Media
Literacy
Media
Education
Media
Education
Literacy
all electronic or digital means and print
or artistic visuals used to transmit
messages.
ability to encode, decode, and
analyze the symbols transmitted via
media
the study of media, including
‘hands-on’ experiences and media
production
the educational field dedicated to
teaching the skills associated with media
literacy
DRILLS
DRILLS
Physical
property and
spaces
Commercial
Regulatory
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
Road signs
Regulatory
Commercial
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
Scribbles and
doodles
Regulatory
Commercial
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
Billboards
Regulatory
Commercial
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
Trademark
Regulatory
Commercial
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
School emblem
or logo
Regulatory
Commercial
Infrastructural Transgressive
DRILLS
COMMUNICATION
AIDS AND STRATEGIES
USING TOOLS OF
TECHNOLOGY
Preparing
Multimedia
Presentation
Multimedia
It is a form of communication that combines
different context such as text, audio, images,
animations or video into a single presentation.
Characteristics
of
Multimedia
Presentation
Preparing a Multimedia Presentation
Multimedia systems must be computer
controlled
Multimedia systems are integrated
information they handle must be represented
digitally
interface to the final presentation of media is
usually interactive.
Steps in Making
Communication
Presentation
Identify the Target
Audience
Determine the
Purpose
Gather
Information
Cite Sources
Add and format
Graphics, Audio
and Video
Be Creative
STEPS IN MAKING
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
PRESENTATION
Use a variety of
resources
Organize
Information
Add Animation
and Transitions
Revise as Needed
Preparing
Pecha Kucha
Presentation
Pecha Kucha
• calls for telling a story using images rather than reading
text from slides during a PowerPoint presentation.
•
Pecha Kucha presentations use 20 slides and allow
only 20 seconds of commentary per slide. That keeps a
total presentation to just 6 minutes and 40 seconds.
Pecha Kucha
(20x20 PRESENTATION)
“Chit Chat” – Japanese
Mark Dytham and Astrid Klein
A presentation form of 20 slides/images
for
20 second each = 6 minutes, 40
seconds
Pecha Kucha
SENTENCE TOPIC
MINIMUM SLIDE TEXT
BUILD A STORY IN YOUR TOPIC
STEPS IN MAKING
PECHA KUCHA
PRESENTATIONS
TELL A STORY WITH IMAGES
USE FEW POINTS
TIMING
VISUAL CLUES
Blogging
Blogging
personal journal websites which a user can
type an entry and add images, videos and links
to other websites
Blog vs. Vlog
Blog
• Written form with
graphics
• Hosted on exclusive
websites
• Online event cannot be
streamed
Vlog
• Publishing videos
• Hosted on video
platforms
• Online event can be
streamed
Effective Ways of
Introducing a Blog
1. Be short and
direct
3. Ask a multiplechoice question
5. Share something
Personal
7. Refute a
conventional
wisdom
9. Start with a
reader’s questions
Effective
Ways
Of
Introducin
g
A
Blog
2. Ask a thought
provoking question
4. Share a shocking
fact or statistics
6. Withheld a
compelling piece of
information
8. Lead with a
success story
10. Share a quote
COMMUNICATION
FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES
Informative
Communication
Informative Communication
focuses on talking about people, events,
processes, places, or things
Characteristics of
Informative
Communication
Characteristics of Informative
Communication
clear
accurate
Meaningfu
l and
interesting
Persuasive
Communication
Persuasive Communication
message given to an audience with the
intention of influencing your listeners to
agree with a particular point of view
Characteristics of
Persuasive
Communication
Characteristics of Persuasive
Communication
Attention – getting
Introductions
Authority to speak
Logical Presentation
Smart Pacing
Stirring Conclusions
Argumentative
Communication
Argumentive Communication
the art of persuading based on reason,
facts and not emotions.
Characteristics of
Argumentative
Communication
Element
s
Characteristics of Argumentative
Communication
Definition
Example
The statement you wish to
prove
“People should not eat
mushrooms”
Reasons
statements that support
the given claims – “why?”
“…because it is poisonous”
Support
Evidences that convinces
audiences to support a
claim
Connection between
support and claim
(conclusion)
Claims
Warrant
s
“researches prove that mushrooms
have toxic components”
“So, eating mushroom is
dangerous and might kill
us”
Public Speaking
Public Speaking
process of speaking in a structured,
deliberate manner to inform, influence or
entertain an audience
Speech
term used to refer to the spoken
expressions of information and ideas
(verbal form)
Types of Speech
Delivery
Types of Speech
Delivery
Manuscrip
t Reading
Memorize
d Speech
Extemporaneou
s Speech
Impromptu
Speech
word-forword
iteration of
a written
message
reciting a
message
that the
speaker
has
committed
to memory.
A well-prepared
speech that
prepared and
practiced but is
neither read nor
memorized.
This is a
speech that
has no
advanced
planning or
practice.
Making Inquiries
Making Inquiries
Inquiry Letter
✔ written when a
person needs
more
information
Content and
Organization of
Letter of Inquiry
Content and Organization of Letter of
Inquiry
FIRST
PARAGRAPH
identify yourself and, if appropriate, your position, and your
institution or firm
Content and Organization of Letter of
Inquiry
SECOND
PARAGRAPH
briefly explain why you are writing and how you will use the
requested information.
Content and Organization of Letter of
Inquiry
THIRD PARAGRAPH
List the specific information you need.
Content and Organization of Letter of
Inquiry
CONCLUSION
Conclude your letter by offering your reader some
incentive for responding.
Electronic Mail
Electronic Mail
E-mail is a computer-based application for the
exchange of messages between users. E-mail is
the electronic equivalent of a letter.
Parts of E-Mail
Parts of an E-Mail
OTHER
RECEPIENT/S
RECEPIENT
EMAIL’S TITLE/SUBJECT
SENDER
BODY
SALUTATION
SENDER’S esignature
CLOSING
Types of E-Mail
Types of E-Mail
Welcome
Promotiona
l
Leadnurturing
sent to possible buyers after first
subscription
Good deals to buyers
used to educate potential buyers
Newsletter
routinely sent to all mailing list
subscribers
Onboarding
to strengthen customer loyalty.
E-Mail Notations
E-Mail Notations
CB:
JODL
IDENTIFICATION
INITIALS
WRITER’S INITIALS
ASSISTANT’S INITIAL
ENCL:
ENCLOSURE
ATTACHED FILES
CC
CARBON COPY
NAMES OF OTHER
RECIPIENTS
BCC
BLIND CARBON
COPY
SECRET RECIPIENT
P.S.
POSTSCRIPT
(POSTSCRIPTUM)
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION,
EMPHASIS ON A POINT
Interview
Interview
a structured conversation where one participant
asks questions, and the other provides answers
Parts of the Interview
Introduction
Wrapping
Up
Question
and Answer
Small Talk
Information
Gathering
COMMUNICATION FOR
WORK PURPOSES
Communication for
Nurses
COMMUNICATION FOR NURSES:
WRITING BASIC PATIENT NOTE
PATIENT’S NOTES
✔This records the assessment of the
patient’s condition before, during, and
after the treatment.
CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENT’S
NOTES
INITIAL NOTES
first or earliest assessment
INTERIM OR
PROGRESS
NOTES
assessment reports done to monitor the
patient’s condition
DISCHARGE
NOTES
reports given once medication is discontinued
or the patient is released from the hospital
ORGANIZATION OF PATIENT’S
NOTES
S
O
A
P
Subjective (Assessment given by the family member
or patient himself)
Objective (Assessment seen by you or reflected in
laboratory or other medical reports)
Assessment (Diagnosis)
Plan (Procedures to be done to address the diagnosis)
Communication for
Journalist
COMMUNICATION FOR JOURNALIST: WRITING A
LEAD
LEAD - This is the beginning of a news story.
KINDS OF LEAD
✔ CONVENTIONAL OR SUMMARY LEAD
✔ QUESTION LEAD
✔ QUOTATION LEAD
✔ FUNNY LEAD
✔ DESCRIPTIVE LEAD
✔ ANECDOTAL LEAD
WRITING A LEAD
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
The Five W’s and H
Keep It Short
Keep It Simple
Write in Active Voice
Structure Your Lead Properly
Be Honest
Communication for
Tourism
COMMUNICATION FOR TOURISM: TOUR
GUIDING
TOURISM
It is the activities of people traveling to and
staying in places outside their usual
environment
TOUR GUIDING
It is the process of interpreting attractions to
visitors directing, informing, instructing and
leading them in the visited places
COMMUNICATIVE
GOALS IN TOUR
GUIDING
INFORM, REMIND, ADVISE
PROMOTE AND PERSUADE
CLARIFY
GATHER FEEDBACK
FOR IMPROVEMENT
BUILD RAPPORT AND
RELATIONSHIP
Receiving
Telephone
Calls
Preparing an
Itinerary
Communication
Tasks for Tour
Guides
Giving Tour
Commentary
COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES WTH
DEALING WITH COMPLAINTS
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Acknowledge the tourists’ right to complaint.
Express your empathy.
Act on their complaints ASAP.
Offer an alternative plan/solution for problems.
Follow through on the solutions.
Communication for
Teachers
COMMUNICATION FOR TEACHERS:
STORYTELLING
WHY STORYTELL?
✔provides a context for student’s attention
✔enormous language treasure
✔provides a lively atmosphere and a real life
environment for encouragement
IMAGE DESCRIPTION
✔ a detailed explanation of an image that provides textual access to visual content;
✔ digital graphics online and in digital files
✔ can be used as alt text in coding
Communication for
Business and Trade
COMMUNICATION FOR BUSINESS AND TRADE
SWOT ANALYSIS OR SWOT MATRIX
It is a diagram that shows an organization’s or
person’s key
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SWOT_en.svg/800px-SWOT_en.svg.
png
WRITING BUSINESS
AND TECHNICAL
REPORTS
Report
It is comprehensive document that covers all
aspects of the subject matter of study.
Characteristics of a
Report
It presents information not an argument
It is meant to be scanned quickly by the reader
It uses numbered headings and subheadings
It is composed of short and concise paragraphs
It uses illustrations like tables, graphs, charts etc.
It may have an abstract or an executive summary
It may or may not have references or bibliography
It often contains recommendations and/or appendices
Report Categories
Informal Report
Formal Report
•
•
•
Detailed information
Complex and used at an
official level
Written account of major
project
•
•
•
Important data
Conveying routine messages
Written based on the
organization’s style and rules
INFORMATIONAL REPORT
ANALYTICAL REPORT
FORMAL
REPORT
RECOMMENDATION
REPORT
RESEARCH REPORT
CASE STUDY
ANALYSIS REPORT
PROGRESS REPORT
SALES ACTIVITY REPORT
PERSONAL EVALUATION
INFORMAL
REPORT
FINANCIAL REPORT
FEASIBILITY REPORT
LITERATURE REVIEW
CREDIT REPORT
INFORMATIONAL REPORT
ANALYTICAL REPORT
FORMAL
REPORT
RECOMMENDATION
REPORT
RESEARCH REPORT
CASE STUDY
ANALYSIS REPORT
INFORMATIONAL REPORT
ANALYTICAL REPORT
FORMAL
REPORT
RECOMMENDATION
REPORT
RESEARCH REPORT
CASE STUDY
ANALYSIS REPORT
COMMUNICATION FOR
EMPLOYMENT
The Resume
Resume
a formal document that a job applicant creates
to itemize their qualifications for a position
Resume vs. Curriculum
Vitae
Curriculum Vitae
Resume
• Concise
• (1-2 pages)
• Tailored to fit specific
job
•
•
•
Comprehensive
2 or more pages
Not made for specific jobs
(detailed view of your profile)
Resume
Resume
Curriculum Vitae
Application Letter
Application vs. Cover
Letter
Application Letter
a document that provides
deeper insight into an
applicant's experience and
skills
Cover Letter
one part of an application
packet, along with portfolio
and letters of
recommendation.
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN A COMPANY
Memorandum
a short concise
message or record
that is used for
internal
communication in a
business,
administration, or an
institution
Writing Minutes of
the Meeting
Minutes of the Meeting
notes taken of discussions and decisions made
during meetings
Writing Minutes of
the Meeting
COMMITTEE/
ORGANIZATIONAL NAME
DATE/PLACE/TIME OF
START AND ADJOURNMENT
NAMES OF ATTENDEES
REFERENCE ON THE
APPROVAL OF PREVIOUS
MEETINGS
REPORTS
KIND OF MEETING
PARTS
OF THE
MEETING
MINUTES
CHAIR/SECRETARY OR
SUBSTITUTE
GUESTS AND THEIR
MEETING ROLES
MOTION RAISED
SECRETARY’S
SIGNATURE
OTHER MATTERS
DRILLS
DRILLS
Brief and concise
Resume
Curriculum
Vitae
DRILLS
2 or more pages
Resume
Curriculum
Vitae
DRILLS
For general purpose
Resume
Curriculum
Vitae
DRILLS
Comprehensive
Resume
Curriculum
Vitae
DRILLS
Tailored for a
specific job
Resume
Curriculum
Vitae
DRILLS
Deeper information
of applicant’s skills
and experiences
Application
Letter
Cover Letter
DRILLS
To introduce
supporting
documents
Application
Letter
Cover Letter
DRILLS
Tells why one is fit
for the position
Application
Letter
Cover Letter
DRILLS
Detailed
Application
Letter
Cover Letter
DRILLS
COMMUNICATIONFFO
R ACADEMIC
PURPOSES
Avoiding
Plagiarism
AVOIDING
PLAGIARISMS
PLAGIARISM
✔ presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own,
with or without their consent, by incorporating it into
your work without full acknowledgement
WAYS TO AVOID
o QUOTING
o PARAPHRASING
o SUMMARIZING
Avoiding
Plagiarism
Writing a Research
Proposal:
The Topic Proposal
WRITING THE RESEARCH: TOPIC
PROPOSAL
RESEARCH
This is a scientific method which uses logical and
systematic procedure for the acquisition of new
knowledge
TOPIC PROPOSAL
✔ a concise and coherent summary of your
proposed research
RESEARCH
CATEGORIE
S
Qualitative Research
(non-numerical/
descriptive)
TYPES
Pure Research
finding the truth
Applied Research
also known as Action Research
Quantitative
Research (numerical)
Policy Research
provides solutions to social
problems
RESEARCH TITLE
REFERENCES
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
ABSTRACT
COMMON
ELEMENTS OF A
RESEARCH PAPER
RESULTS/FINDINGS/DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Writing a Research
Proposal:
The Introduction
WRITING THE RESEARCH: INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
The introduction to a research paper
is where you set up your topic and
approach for the reader.
Step 1: Introduce your topic
How to
write a
Researc
h
Introduction
Step 2: Describe the background
Step 3: Establish your research
problem
Step 4: Specify your objectives
Step 5: Map out your paper
Writing a Research
Proposal:
The Method
RESEARCH METHOD
✔ This refers to the tools that one uses to do research.
These can either be qualitative or quantitative or
mixed.
RESEARCH CONCEPTS
RESEARCH
APPROACHES
• Choosing the research
approach depends on the
research problem.
• QUALITATIVE/
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGNS
• These are strategies of
inquiry like Experimental for
Quantitative, Case Study for
Qualitative or Concurrent
for Mixed
RESEARCH
TECHNIQUES
• These can be rating
behaviors, field
observations, close-ended
measure and open-ended
measure
POPULATION AND
LOCALE
DATA GATHERING
TOOL
DESIGNS
PARTS OF
THE METHOD
ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
DATA COLLECTION
PROCEDURES
DATA ANALYSIS
Writing a
Political
Analysis Paper
WRITING POLITICAL ANALYSIS
PAPER
POLITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER
answering a question about a certain
political process, event, as well as at
predicting future developments
WRITING POLITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER
VAST UNDERSTANDING OF
POLITICS AND AFFAIRS
(LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL)
EXTENSIVE READING AND
RESEARCH
KNOWLEDGE ON THE PARTS OF
POLITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER
OBJECTIVITY
CITATION AND REFERENCING
FORMALITY OF THE TONE
CLEAR, CONCISE AND WELL
STRUCTURED
CLEARLY-DEFINED TONE
Academic
Presentation
ACADEMIC PRESENTATION
ACADEMIC PRESENTATION
speaking to a group of people to make a point, educate or share
information
YOU MUST:
✔ understand the topic and the audience
✔ have appropriate breadth and depth
✔ embed an argument in the content
✔ establish a distinct beginning, middle and end
✔ utilize suitable visual aids
✔ use evidence of having practiced the talk
✔ have proper timing/length
Three (3) P’s of an Academic
Presentation
PLANNING
This is the fundamentals in all activities
and it includes the following:
SET THE
OBJECTIVES
EVALUATE
THE
AUDIENCE
EVALUATE
THE
CONTENT
Three (3) Ps of an Academic
Presentation
PREPARE
This is the time to prepare the content of
and visuals for your presentation and
yourself as presenter.
YOURSEL
F
CONTENT
VISUALS
Three (3) P’s of an Academic
Presentation
PRESENT
This is the part that you will now present
your presentation.
CHECK THE
EQUIPMENT
ESTABLISH
EYE
CONTACT
RESPOND
TO
QUERRIES
Three (3) P’s of an Academic
Presentation
PRESENT
This is the part that you will now present
your presentation.
CHECK THE
EQUIPMENT
ESTABLISH
EYE
CONTACT
RESPOND
TO
QUERRIES
Writing a
Literary
Analysis
WRITING LITERARY ANALYSIS
LITERARY ANALYSIS
✔ This means closely studying a text, interpreting its
meanings, and exploring why the author made certain
choices.
FORMALISTIC
MORAL/HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGICAL
READER
RESPONSE
FEMINISTIC
LITERARY
APPRPOACHES
HISTORICAL
CULTURAL
SOCIOLOGICAL
SETTINGS
CHARACTERS
THEME
ELEMENTS OF
A FICTION
POINT OF VIEW
PLOT
WRITING LITERARY ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
must capture the reader’s
interest
BODY
develop topic statement
CONCLUSION
re-emphasize the topic
statement
REFERENCES
list entries cited in the text
L
I
T
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
fiction
PROSE
non- fiction
narrative
POETRY
lyric
dramatic
Literature
Pros
e
Fiction
Legend
Short
Story*
Novel*
Fable
Poetry
Nonfiction
Biograph
y
History
News
Diary
Essay
Narrative
Lyric
Epic*
Ode
Tragedy
Elegy
Comedy
Tragicomed
y
Balla
d
Sonnet
*
Dramatic
Farc
e
PREBOARD- BEED - GEN ED
Aim high,
Future
LPTs!
REFERENCES
Madrunio, M. et. al. (2018). Purposive Communication Using English in Multicultural
Contexts. Quezon City, Philippines, ]]. ISBN: 978-971-98-0925-8
Santos, M., et. al. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive Communication.
Rex Book Store. ISBN: 978-971-23-8668-8
Wakat, G., et. al. (2018). Purposive Communication. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. ISBN:
978- 621-8035-50-8
https://docs.google.com/document/
d/1du9eUbYeqEd8F46S9m6Zyki2IUNeO0KEgvI16VvoPvw/edit