Geography Grade 8 September 2023 Geography - An Introduction ? Since the beginning of humankind, the study of geography has captured the imagination of the people. In ancient times, geography books extolled tales of distant lands and dreamed of treasures. The ancient Greeks created the word "geography" from the roots "ge" for earth and "grapho" for "to write." These people experienced many adventures and needed a way to explain and communicate the differences between various lands. Today, researchers in the field of geography still focus on people and cultures (cultural geography), and the planet earth (physical geography). Definition of geography 1. Geography is the study of Earth's physical features, including its landscapes, climates, ecosystems, and natural resources. It explores the spatial relationships and patterns of these features, helping us understand how they interact and shape the world we live in. 2. Geography is the science that examines the distribution of phenomena across the Earth's surface and the processes that create and change these distributions. It's concerned with the spatial organization of human and natural phenomena and how they are influenced by factors like location, distance, and connectivity. 3. Geography is the discipline that investigates the changing relationship between humans and their environment. It explores how people adapt to, modify, and impact their surroundings, as well as how environmental factors influence human activities, culture, and society. History of the term Geography The term "geography" comes from two Greek words, "geo" meaning Earth and "graphia" meaning to write or describe. So, geography originally meant "writing about the Earth," and it has been used for centuries to study and describe our planet's features and places. The term "geography" comes from the ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes, who lived around 276-194 BCE in Egypt. He's often called the "Father of Geography." Eratosthenes calculated the Earth's circumference and created the first maps, helping lay the foundation for the study of geography. He excelled in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and also in Music. Kindly watch the following youtube video. You will be tested on it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0uxykKOdXY Branches of Geography Today, geography is commonly divided into two major branches Human geography is the branch of geography dealing with human culture and its impact on the earth. Cultural geographers study languages, religion, foods, building styles, urban areas, agriculture, transportation systems, politics, economies, population and demographics, and more. Physical geography is the branch of geography dealing with the natural features of the earth, the home of humans. Physical geography looks at the water, air, animals, and land of the planet earth (i.e. everything that is part of the four spheres - the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere.) Physical geography is closely related to geography's sister science - geology - but physical geography focuses more on the landscapes at the surface of the earth and not what is inside our planet. Human Geography can be divided into several sub-branches: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Economic Geography Population Geography Geography of Religions Medical Geography Recreation, Tourism, and Sport Geography Political Geography Urban Geography Physical Geography can be divided into several sub-branches: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Geomorphology Hydrology Glaciology Biogeography Climatology Pedology Coastal geography Oceanography In your notebook write one sentence that explain each of the sub-branches listed under Human and physical Geography Importance of studying geography for students: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Discovering the World: Geography helps you explore and understand different countries, cultures, and landscapes around the globe. Map Skills: You'll learn how to read maps, find locations, and navigate, which is useful in everyday life. Environmental Awareness: Geography teaches you about the environment, including climate change, conservation, and the importance of protecting our planet. Cultural Understanding: You'll gain insights into diverse cultures, traditions, languages, and customs, promoting tolerance and empathy. Critical Thinking: Geography encourages you to analyze information, solve problems, and make informed decisions about real-world issues. Global Issues: You'll become aware of global challenges such as poverty, migration, and sustainability, empowering you to be a responsible global citizen. Career Opportunities: Studying geography can lead to exciting careers in fields like urban planning, environmental science, or international relations. Current Events: Geography helps you connect classroom knowledge to current events and global news, making you a well-informed citizen. Travel and Exploration: Geography inspires a love for exploration and travel, igniting your curiosity about new places and adventures. Interdisciplinary Learning: Geography bridges science, social studies, and other subjects, offering a holistic view of the world and strengthening your overall education. Studying geography in 8th grade can be both educational and fun, expanding your horizons and preparing you for a more connected and informed future.
