UNIT 1
Fiche mémoire lesson 3.
TYPES OF COMPOUND AJECTIVES
Type 1-:Noun + past participle
a forest- covered mountain
a man- made material
Type 2: Adj + Noun +ed
a blue-eyed girl
a long-legged player
Type 3: Number + year + old
a twenty-year old man
Type 4: Number + Noun
a twenty-millim coin
Type 5: Adv + past participle
a well-known scientist
Type 6: Adj + verb + ing
a nice-looking man
Type 7: Adv + verb + ing
A fast-running man
A hard-working boy
Type 8: Noun + verb + ing
A water-conducting pipe
Type 9: Ordinal number + noun
A first-class seat
Type 10: Noun + adj
An olive-green shirt
Type 11: Adj +noun
A high-frequency set
UNIT 1 LESSON 4 EXPLORING A SONG
Words to remember:
Faith – Fate – Immortality – Memory – Sorrow – Soul – Stardom – Convene – Prowess –
Renown.
Grammar to review:
Modals:
can / can’t
–
must / mustn’t.
1- I can do something  I know how to do it or it is possible for me to do it.
2- I must do something  I’m obliged to do it or it’s my duty to do it.
1- Henry can mend his own motorbike, but he can’t do it now as he is busy helping
[ He knows how to do it ]
[ It’s not possible for him to do it]
his father in the garden.
2- I must leave now, or I’ll be late for school.
[ I’m obliged]
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We all must help the needy.
[ It’s our duty ]
Functions to use:
Expressing like / dislike:
I (don’t) like / love
I’m (not) fond of
+ (noun) or (Verb + ing).
I’m (not) keen on
I’m (not) mad / crazy about
I like / love pop songs.
/
I’m fond of little cats.
I like / love walking in the rain.
/
Lucia is very keen on pets.
I’m not very fond of dancing.
/
My brother is mad about video games.
We are keen on travelling.
/
They are crazy about skiing.
UNIT 1. LESSON 5. WALKING TOUR.
Words to remember:
Venue / Constituent / Cosmopolitan / Border / Spectacular / Residence /
The year round.
1- Venue (n) = Place where a public event or meeting happens.
2- Constituent (n) = One of the parts that a substance or mixture is made of.
3- Cosmopolitan (adj.) = Consisting of people and things from many different
countries.
4- Border (n) = The line that separates two countries or states.
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5- Spectacular (adj.) = Very good, exciting or surprising.
6- Residence (n) = The place where someone lives.
7- The year round = Throughout the year.
Grammar to review:
The Comparative & Superlative of short / long adjectives.
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
TYPE
FORM
EXAMPLE
TYPE
FORM
EXAMPLE
one syllable
adj. + er
younger
one syllable
adj. + est
the youngest
two syllables
adj. + er
happier
two syllables
adj. + est
the happiest
ending in ‘y’
two syllables
‘y’ becomes ‘i’
adj. + er
ending in ‘y’
narrower
ending in ‘ow’
two or more
adj. + est
the narrowest
ending in ‘ow’
more + adj. more expensive
syllables
two or more
the most + adj.
syllables
Adj. ending in
ous, ive, ent,
two syllables
‘y’ becomes ‘i’
expensive
more courageous Adj. ending in
more + adj.
more interesting ous, ive, ent,
the most
the most
the most + adj.
interesting.
ful, al, ed, ing,
more practical
ful, al, ed, ing,
the most
ic, ical, able.
more talented
ic, ical, able.
beautiful
REMINDER LESSON 7
The Reported Speech. Any human speech is divided into 3 categories: (1) statements; (2)
questions and (3) commands.
(1) Statements are either affirmative or negative.
TENSE CHANGES WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN THE PAST
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DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
- Simple present (use )
Simple past ( used)
-present continuous (is using )
Past continuous ( was using )
-Simple past ( used)
Past perfect (had used)
-Past continuous ( was using)
Past perfect continuous( had been using)
- present perfect( has used)
Past perfect ( had used)
-present perfect continuous ( has been
Past perfect continuous ( had been using )
using)
-Future (will use)
Present conditional (would use)
must
Had to
can
could
may
might
Would , should , ought to , had better, might, used to , do not normally change .
(2) Reporting questions.
We start an indirect question with a verb like “ask”, “inquire “, “wonder”, "want to know”
If the indirect question starts with a question word “who” , “where” , “what” … the question
word is repeated .Eg : “What do you want? “
He asked them what they wanted
If there’s no question word, "if” or “whether “ must be used
Eg: “ is anyone here ? “ . He wanted to know if anyone was there.
(3) Reporting commands.
The introductory verb say changes to a verb of command, request or advice such as tell ,
order ,command, ask , advise etc… The function of any command is either to ‘encourage’
someone “to do” something or “not to do” something.
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The verb used is put in the infinitive.
Example :
The writer: “ Go travel somewhere and see some Shakespeare”
The writer advised us to go travel somewhere and to see some Shakespeare.
The doctor to a patient: “Don’t eat fatty food.”
The doctor advised the patient not to eat fatty food.
The winter’s Tale. Part 2. Arts section
MEMORY AID SHEET
2 Adverbs . Adjective + ly
We use an adverb to describe a verb(action) : He speaks slowly
An adverb can be used to describe an adjective: it’s extremely difficult
3- Adj+ noun +ed = Compound adjective
Example : a kind- hearted person
Unit II Lesson 7
Linkers of sequence.
First(ly)
Second(ly)
Last
In the first place
Next - Then - More
important
finally
To begin with
On top of that
Lesson 9
5
Many adjectives in English can be preceded by “the” to refer to a category of
people.
“The rich” refers to a social class who have certain material prerogatives.
“The blind” refers to the group people who cannot see in general.
The+adj= plural noun: The blind, the rich are plural nouns.
You can do the same with the following list of adjectives: elderly – homeless – young
– disabled – sick – needy – poor – deaf – unemployed – handicapped
Unit III. Lesson 1
Be / get (1)used to+noun/ ing form is different from(2) used to +infinitive.
Here ‘used’(1) is an adjective, and it means “familiar with.” However, ‘used to’(2)
expresses a past habit. Compare the following examples.
(1) People in the south of Tunisia are used to working in hot weather.
(2) I used to go for long walks in the countryside when I was young.
Lesson 2
Present Perfect
FORM:
Positive
has/have + past
participle
Negative
Question
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I
I
You
you
we
have
we
they
I
Have
not/
haven’t
Have
they
he
worked
worked
he
has
it
we
they
worked
she
you
she
it
he
Has
not/
Has
she
it
Hasn’t
Uses :
• The present perfect describes the indefinite past:
“I've been to Paris.”
“I’ve seen this film before.”
• The present perfect is often used to describe personal experience:
“I've been to Berlin.”
• The present perfect is not used with past time words (last night, yesterday, in1984, etc).
It is not possible to say “I've seen him yesterday.”
• The question form is often Have you ever ...? (= in your life?)
“Have you ever been to Paris?”
Present Perfect with for and since just, yet, already, ever and never.
• The present perfect + for/since is used when something started in the past and is
continuing now.
• for + period of time:
I've lived here for six years.
• since + a point in time in the past:
I've lived here since 1987.
Lesson 3
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A- If a verb ends in a /t/or /d/ sound the final “ed” is pronounced /id/.
B- If a verb ends with one of these sounds (not letters)/p/,/s/,/ k/, /f/,/∫/, /t∫/ or /θ/, the
final “ed” is pronounced /t/.
C- If a verb ends with one of these sounds (not letters) /b/, /g/,/ l /, / z /, / v/. /ʒ /.ʤ /,
/w/./ h /. / j /.ð/, /m/, / n /./ r / or/ ŋ / or a vowel sound the final “ed” is pronounced /d/
Unit IV Lesson 4
The inversion of the subject and verb in English happens in questions, imperatives and
conditional sentences. However, we can also use inversion for emphasis.
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