Mathem atics Ric Pimentel Terry W all {.' HODDER EDUCATION : ENDORSED BY , J -' CAMBRIDGE I Exammauons · ~ m,t' lntcrnauona '~ 'l ,/ Cambridge@ 'IGCSE Mathema tics • Third Edition Ric Pimentel Terry Wall /.' ~D~~R1~~ AN HACHETTE UK COMPANY il l GCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: Photoc.rcdits p.3 0 Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, India: p.103 0 dbimages/Alamy: p.213 0 Erica Guilane-Nachez- Fotoli a; p.275 O The Art Archive/Alamy; p.315 O G eorgios Kollid as - Fotolia; p.345 O The Granger Collection, NYC/fopFoto; p.381 Cl Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis: p.441 0 Bernard 63 - Foto li a: p.465 0 Jason Butcher/cultura/Corbis. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders. but if any have been inadvertently over looked the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. 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Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.com 0 Ric Pimentel and Terry Wall 19(}7, 2006. 2010. 2013 First edition pub lished 1997 Second edition published 2006 Second edition updated with C D published 2010 This third edition published 2013 by Hodder E ducation, an H achette UK Company. 338 EustonRoad London NW! 3 BH Impressionnumber54321 Year20172016201520142013 All rights reserved. Apart from any use pennitted under UK copyright law. no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system. without pennission in writing from th e publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Saffron House. 6- 10 Kirby Street, London ECIN STS. Cover photo (0 senoldo - Fotolia Illust rationsby PantekMedia Typeset in I0/12pt Times Te n by Pantek Media Printed in Dubai A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library ISUN978 I 444191707 Contents e e Introduction Topic 1 Number Chapte r 1 Number and language Chapte r 2 Accuracy Chapte r 3 Calculations and order Chapte r 4 Integers, fractions, decimals ond percentages Chapte r 5 Further percentages Chapte r 6 Ratio and proportion Chapte r 7 Indices ond standard form Chapte r 8 Money and finance Chapte r 9 Time Chapte r 10 Set notation and Venn diagrams To pic 1 Mothemoticol investigations and ICT e Topic 2 Algebra and g raphs 43 52 62 75 85 87 98 102 Chapter 11 Algebraic representation and manipulation Chapter 12 Algebraic indices Chapter 13 Equations and inequalities 104 Chapter 14 Linear programming 149 155 167 174 189 203 209 Chapter 15 Sequences Chapter 16 Variation Chapter 17 Graphs in practical situations Chapter 18 Graphs of functions Chapter 19 Functions Topic 2 Mathematical investigations ond ICT e Topic 3 Gecmetry Chaplllr 20 Geometrical vocabulary Chaptar .:! T Geometrical constructions ond scale drawings Chap!At t2 Similarity Chap:IW 23 Symmetry Ch~t1111r 24 Angle properties Chapt1111t :2S Loci Topic :J Mathematical investigations ond ICT e 12 24 30 Topic 4 Mensuration Chaptot :26 Measures Chqpter 27 Perimeter, oreo ond volume Topic 4 Mathematical investigations ond ICT 123 127 212 214 221 231 240 245 265 271 274 276 281 311 Contents e Topic 5 Coordinate geometry Chapter 28 Stroight-linegrophs Topic 5 Mathemoticol investigations ond ICT e Topic 6 Trigonometry Cha pter 29 Bearings Cha pter 30 Trigonometry Chapter 31 Further trigonometry Topic 6 Mathemoticol investigations ond ICT e Topic 7 Matrices and transformation s Chapter 32 Vectors Cha pter33 Matrices Cha pter 34 Transformations Topic 7 Mathematical investigations and ICT e Topic 8 Probability Chapter 35 Probobility Chapter 36 Further probobility Topic 8 Mathematical investigations and ICT e Topic 9 Statistics Chapter 37 Meon, median, mode and ronge Chapter 38 Collecting ond displaying data Chapter39 Cumulative frequency Topic 9 Mathematical investigations and ICT e Index 3 14 316 341 344 346 349 366 378 3 80 382 394 408 436 440 442 452 460 464 466 472 491 499 502