Kin 2222B / HS 2300 / Nursing 1300 Lab 1: Welcome to Anatomy Welcome to Anatomy, we are glad you’re here! OBJECTIVES: By the end of this lab, you should: • Know key dates, events and resources for this course • Reflect upon evidence-based was to study more effectively • Set norms and expectations for your weekly laboratory session • Review key anatomical terms, movements and planes • Describe the function of bones and the human skeleton • Identify various anatomical features of bones Course Orientation: Ross Clausi 1. Who is your TA? ______________________________ Text 2. What is their email address? _____________________________ Text 3. When are the course Office hours? _________________________________________ 4. What is evaluation breakdown for this course? Wiley- 10%, Midterm Quizzes - 30 min ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. When is reading week? ___________________________________________________________ 6. What week is your midterm? ______________________________________________________ 7. What are the 2 components of Successive Relearning? a. ________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________ © 1 of 11 Lab & Course Expectations In lecture we talked about the relevance of anatomy to other areas of your program, and your future career. Consider the following: - Why are you here? - What do you want to learn? - What excites you about anatomy? 8. You have 5 minutes: Come up with 3 goals for yourself for this course. Goals: i. ___________________________________________________________________________ ii. ___________________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is one thing you are excited about for this course? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is one thing you are concerned about? (feel free to share this with Dr. Brewer-Deluce, Dr. Wood, or your TA! We can help!) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ © 2 of 11 Let’s talk content: Planes, Terms & Movements 11. Draw a picture of anatomical position. - standing facing forward with palms forward and feet forward palms up palm forward 12. Why is this position important? to ensure that everyone is using the same language and referencing the right things when discussing planes and movements in the body, main reference ______________________________________________________________________________ point for all other positions and referencing ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ © 3 of 11 13. From memory, define the following anatomical movements in your own words and list a location in the body where it may occur. Double check your definitions with a colleague or your notes: decreasing angle of the joint Flexion: ___________________________________________________________________________ moving forward Protraction: _______________________________________________________________________ palm facing up Supination: ________________________________________________________________________ rotation towards the midline Medial Rotation: ___________________________________________________________________ moving down Depression: _______________________________________________________________________ moving toward the midline (leg, arm) - add to the body Adduction: ________________________________________________________________________ sole of the foot moves away from the midline Eversion: __________________________________________________________________________ foot moves up away from the ground Dorsi Flexion: ______________________________________________________________________ thumb moves toward fingers Opposition: _______________________________________________________________________ Match the opposite terms between the two columns: © Proximal Medial Inferior Distal Adduction Dorsal Lateral Superficial Plantar Retraction External Elevation Deep Pronation Flexion Extension Rostral Superior Protraction Internal Depression Abduction Supination Caudal Eversion Inversion 4 of 11 14. These 3 images are of the diaphragm. Label the plane through which the body was cut in each image: A frontal plane _____________________ B transverse plane _____________________ C sagittal plane _____________________ © 5 of 11 What is the function of bone? The human skeleton consists of roughly 206 bones. Their function includes: • Support and framework • Leverage for movement • Protection of vital organs • Storage of minerals • Production of blood cells There are two types of bone. Cortical (compact) bone and Trabecular (spongy) bone. 15. Describe their Features below: A. Cortical (Compact) Bone: - Outside of the bone ______________________________________________________________________________ - contains periosteum highly vascularized and contains osteoblasts and clasts- critical for repair ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B. Trabecular (Spongy) Bone: - Contains bone marrow ______________________________________________________________________________ - inside of the bone ______________________________________________________________________________ - contain osteo stuff ______________________________________________________________________________ - gives bones malleability and flexibility vs the outside is strength © 6 of 11 The function of the skeleton relies on distinctive shapes and surface markings of bone. These provide important roles for muscle attachment, joint movement, blood vessel and nerve routes. Shapes and surface markings include elevations, depressions, openings and projections. 16. Complete the following table to describe various features of bones: Type of Marking Description Projections that are the site of muscle/ligament attachment Tuberosity Crest large rounded elevation Text Trochanter Line Tubercle Epicondyle Spine Process Surfaces that form joints Head Facet Condyle Depressions and openings Foramen Groove Fissure Notch Fossa Meatus Sinus Bones themselves can be classified based on their shape into 1 of 5 categories: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Shape often determines function. © 7 of 11 17. Complete the following chart with an example of each bone type and a describe it’s function: TYPE EXAMPLE FUNCTION Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid Divisions of the Skeleton The skeleton may be divided into portions: Axial and Appendicular. These divisions include: Axial (80 bones) • • • • • © Skull (cranium & face) Hyoid Auditory Ossicles Vertebral Column Thorax (sternum & ribs) Appendicular (126 bones) • • • • Shoulder girdles Upper Limbs Pelvic Girdle Lower Limbs 8 of 11 18. Label the following diagram of the human skeleton maxilla skull clavicle scapula sternum ribs humerus ulna radius carpals metacarpals phalanges femur patella tibia fibula tarsals metatarsals phalanges © 9 of 11 AT HOME REVIEW: Using the practice slide deck identify the following common bones + landmarks on the appendicular skeleton. We’ll be covering all of these bones in more detail later in the course. Scapula □ □ □ □ Lateral, Medial & Superior boarders Glenoid Fossa, Supraglenoid tubercle Spine, Acromion, Coracoid Process Supraspinous, Infraspinous & Subscapular fossae Clavicle □ □ □ □ Humerus □ Head + Anatomical & Surgical Necks □ Greater & Lesser Tubercles □ Bicipital & Radial Grooves Groove Radius □ □ □ Medial & Lateral Ends Anterior & Posterior Boarders Facet for Sternum Facet for Acromion □ □ □ Deltoid Tuberosity, Lateral & Medial Epicondyles Capitulum & Trochlea Coronoid, Olecranon & Radial Fossae □ □ □ Olecranon & Coronoid Process Trochlear & Radial Notches Interosseous Border, Head & Styloid Process □ □ □ □ □ Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Metacarpals Phalanges Ulna Head & Neck Styloid Process Interosseous Border Carpal + Hand Bones □ Scaphoid □ Lunate □ Triquetrum □ Pisiform □ Trapezium Pelvis (os coxae or innominate bone) Ilium □ Iliac Crest □ Anterior & posterior superior iliac spines □ Anterior & posterior inferior iliac spines □ Auricular surface □ Greater sciatic notch □ □ Acetabulum Obturator Foramen Femur □ □ □ □ Head, Fovea & Neck, Shaft Greater & Lesser trochanters Lateral & Medial Epicondyles + Condyles Intercondylar Notch & Patellar Surface Tibia □ □ □ □ Tibial Plateau & Tuberosity Lateral & Medial Condyles Interosseous Boarder Fibular Notch & Medial Malleolus Tarsal & Foot Bones □ Calcaneus o Sustentaculum Tali + Tuberosity □ Talus □ Navicular © Ischium □ □ □ Pubis □ □ □ Body & spine lesser sciatic notch Ramus & ischial tuberosity Body Pubic rami Pubic crest & tubercle, symphysis pubis Patella □ □ Apex & Base Femoral Articular Surface Fibula □ □ □ □ Head & Neck Shaft Interosseous Boarder Lateral Malleolus □ □ □ □ Cuboid Lateral, Intermediate & Medial Cuneiforms Metatarsal bones Phalanges 10 of 11 Aging & Exercise: Bone density can change as a result of strain experienced (exercise) and in aging. 19. List a specific population in which you would expect to see increased bone density and why: athletes because they weight bear more which leads to stronger and denser bones ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 20. Describe the 2 reasons for reduced bone density in aging. Do men or women experience greater loss and why? osteoporosis, osteoclasts break down bone more than is formed by the osteoblasts and women lose more due to a drop in estrogen ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ © 11 of 11
