MATEC Web of Conferences 380, 01009 (2023)
MSMS 2023
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338001009
Design of a NC machine tool for machining that is easy to
change cutting tools
Zhiqiang Wan, Qingqing Zhang
Anhui Technical College Of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhu, Anhui, China
Abstract. A CNC machine tool for machining designed to facilitate the replacement of cutting tools includes
a workbench, a motor and a hydraulic cylinder. The inner bearing of the workbench is connected with a
rotating rod, the outer key of the rotating rod is connected with a half gear, and the output end of the motor is
connected with the lower end of the rotating rod. The CNC machine tool for machining, which is convenient
for replacing cutting tools, realizes the linkage between the cutting tool body and the adjusting gear by using
the tooth block, and drives the adjusting rod to move by using the rotation of the screw rod to adjust the
position between the pawl and the ratchet teeth. The rotation of the adjusting gear is limited by using the pawl
and the ratchet teeth, so as to lock the cutting tool body and quickly disassemble and install the cutting tool
body.
Keywords: CNC machine , cutting tools, machining, replacement.
1. Introduction
Machining is the process of changing the shape, size,
position and nature of the production object to make it
become a finished product or semi-finished product.
According to the differences in processing methods, it can
be divided into cutting and pressure processing. Cutting
CNC machines are often used in the cutting process of
machining. Cutting CNC machines can be used to cut the
workpiece quickly and conveniently.
However, the existing CNC machine tools for machining
still have shortcomings in the process of use, such as not
being able to conveniently disassemble and replace the
cutting tools, being less convenient to use, not being
convenient to maintain the cutting tools, and not being
able to quickly update the cutting tools in case of cutting
tool failure in the processing process, which affects the
subsequent processing efficiency.
The purpose of this design is to provide a CNC machine
tool for machining that is easy to replace cutting tools, so
as to solve the above-mentioned problem that the existing
CNC machine tools for machining in the market can not
easily disassemble and replace the cutting tools, and can
not quickly update the cutting tools when the cutting tools
fail during processing.
connected with a rotating rod, and the outer key of the
rotating rod is connected with a half gear. The output end
of the motor is connected with the lower end of the
rotating rod. The right side of the half gear is meshed with
a full gear, and the full gear key is connected with the
outer side of the lower end of the tool holder. The tool
holder bearing is connected above the workbench, And a
mounting bracket is installed on the outer side above the
tool bracket, and a cutting tool body is arranged inside the
mounting bracket. The CNC machine tool for machining,
which is convenient for replacing cutting tools, realizes
the linkage between the cutting tool body and the
adjusting gear by using the tooth block, drives the
adjusting rod to move by using the screw rod rotation,
adjusts the position between the pawl and the ratchet tooth,
and limits the rotation of the adjusting gear by using the
pawl and the ratchet tooth, so as to lock the cutting tool
body and quickly disassemble and install the cutting tool
body.
2. Technical Design Scheme
A CNC machine tool for machining that is easy to replace
cutting tools includes a workbench, a motor and a
hydraulic cylinder. The inner bearing of the workbench is
Fig. 1 Schematic structural diagram of a CNC machine tool for
machining that is easy to replace cutting tools
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
MATEC Web of Conferences 380, 01009 (2023)
MSMS 2023
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338001009
1. Workbench; 2. Rotating rod; 3. Half gear; 4. Motor; 5.
Full gear; 6. Knife rest; 7. Adjusting lever; 8. Mounting
bracket; 801. Slider; 802. Compression spring; 803. Card
holder; 9. Screw rod; 10. Tooth block; 11. Chuck; 12.
Hydraulic cylinder; 13. Cutting tool body; 14. Adjusting
gear; 15. Ratchet teeth; 16. Pawl; 17. Rotating shaft; 18.
Scroll spring.
the tool holder 6 to rotate a quarter of the surface at a time,
so that the position of the mounting bracket 8 can be easily
and quickly replaced.
3. Example given to illustrate
A CNC machine tool for machining that is convenient for
replacing cutting tools, as shown in Fig. 1, comprises a
table 1, a rotating rod 2, a half gear 3, a motor 4, a full
gear 5, a tool rest 6, an adjusting rod 7, a mounting bracket
8, a slider 801, a compression spring 802, a chuck 803, a
screw rod 9, a tooth block 10, a chuck 11, a hydraulic
cylinder 12, a cutting tool body 13, an adjusting gear 14,
ratchet teeth 15, pawls 16, a rotating shaft 17 and a scroll
spring 18. The internal bearing of the table 1 is connected
with the rotating rod 2, The outer side of the rotary lever
2 is keyed to a half gear 3, the output end of the motor 4
is connected to the lower end of the rotary lever 2, the
right side of the half gear 3 is meshed to a full gear 5, and
the full gear 5 is keyed to the outer side of the lower end
of the tool holder 6. The tool holder 6 is connected to the
upper side of the table 1 by a bearing, and a mounting
bracket 8 is installed on the outer side above the tool
holder 6. A cutting tool body 13 is installed inside the
mounting bracket 8, and a tooth block 10 is installed on
the outer side of the cutting tool body 13, The outer side
of the gear block 10 is meshed and connected with an
adjusting gear 14, and the inner side of the adjusting gear
14 is connected with a ratchet tooth 15. The outer side of
the ratchet tooth 15 is fitted with a pawl 16, and the pawl
16 is welded and connected to the outer side of the rotating
shaft 17. The rotating shaft 17 is connected with the
adjusting rod 7 through a scroll spring 18. The screw 9 is
connected to the internal thread of the adjusting rod 7, and
the screw 9 is connected to the mounting frame 8 through
bearings. The hydraulic cylinder 12 is bolted to the upper
part of the workbench 1, And a chuck 11 is attached to the
lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 12.
Fig. 3 Structural diagram of the connection between the
mounting bracket and the cutting tool body
The tool rest 6 and the table 1 constitute a rotating
mechanism, and the top section of the tool rest 6 is a
circular structure, and the mounting brackets 8 are
distributed at equal angles on the outer side of the tool rest
6. This design can stably control the rotation of the tool
rest 6 and adjust the positions of the mounting brackets 8
in different directions;
Fig. 4 Enlarged structural diagram at a in Fig. 3
The mounting frame 8 includes a slider 801, a
compression spring 802 and a holder 803. The outer end
of the mounting frame 8 is fixedly mounted with a slider
801, and the lower side of the slider 801 is connected with
a compression spring 802. At the same time, the upper
side of the mounting frame 8 is welded with a holder 803.
This design can control the up and down reciprocating
movement of the mounting frame 8, thereby controlling
the up and down reciprocating movement of the cutting
tool body 13, and cutting the workpiece with the cutting
tool body 13.
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of tool rest structure
The half gear 3 and the full gear 5 have the same size, and
the number of teeth of the half gear 3 is one fourth of the
number of teeth of the full gear 5. This design can drive
2
MATEC Web of Conferences 380, 01009 (2023)
MSMS 2023
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338001009
ratchet tooth, so as to lock the cutting tool body and
quickly disassemble and install the cutting tool body;
(2) The half gear rotates to drive the full gear to rotate by
a quarter, so as to control the tool holder to rotate by a
quarter, adjust the position of the mounting bracket in
different directions, and update the cutting tool body. This
design will not affect the operation of the CNC machine
tool, and can easily replace the cutting tool body.
Acknowledgements
Supported by the scientific research project of Anhui
Provincial Department of Education (KJ2021A1512,
KJ2021A1515).
References
1.
Fig. 5 Structural diagram of mounting bracket
The top section of the slider 801 has an I-shaped structure,
and the slider 801 forms an elastic structure with the tool
rest 6 through the compression spring 802. This design
can ensure the stable vertical movement of the mounting
bracket 8 and prevent the mounting bracket 8 from being
disconnected from the tool rest 6;
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fig. 6 Structural diagram of half gear and full gear connection
The tooth blocks 10 are equally spaced at the joint of the
cutting tool body 13 and the adjusting gear 14, and the
center line of the adjusting gear 14 and the center line of
the adjusting lever 7 coincide with each other. The top
section of the adjusting lever 7 is a "t" shape. At the same
time, the adjusting lever 7 and the mounting bracket 8 are
slidably connected. This design can realize the linkage
between the cutting tool body 13 and the adjusting gear
14. By locking the adjusting gear 14, the cutting tool body
13 can be locked.
4. Conclusion
Compared with the prior art, a CNC machine tool for
machining that is easy to replace cutting tools has the
following advantages:
(1) The gear block is used to realize the linkage between
the cutting tool body and the adjusting gear, and the screw
rod is used to drive the adjusting rod to move, adjust the
position between the pawl and the ratchet tooth, and limit
the rotation of the adjusting gear by the pawl and the
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