1. What is the meaning of "incompressible flow" and "incompressible fluid"? Is it always necessary to consider the flow of a
compressible fluid as compressible?
2. Could you explain the concept of the "no-slip condition"? What is the underlying cause of this phenomenon?
3. Can you provide an explanation for the term "boundary layer"? What are the factors responsible for the formation of a
boundary layer?
4. How do "intensive properties" and "extensive properties" differ from each other?
5. What exactly is meant by "specific gravity"? How is this property related to the concept of density?
6. If an automobile tire has a fixed volume of 2.60 cubic feet and contains air at 90°F and 20 pounds per square inch gauge
(psig), how much air must be added to reach the recommended pressure of 30 psig while assuming a constant temperature
and volume? It can be assumed that the atmospheric pressure is 14.6 pounds per square inch absolute (psia).
7. Given a spherical balloon of 9-meter diameter filled with helium at a pressure of 200 kilopascals (kPa) and a temperature of
20°C, what is the mole number and mass of the helium present in the balloon?
8. In a rigid tank, there is an initial amount of 40 pounds mass (lbm) of air present at a temperature of 70°F and a pressure of
20 pounds per square inch absolute (psia). If more air is introduced into the tank until the temperature and pressure rise to
90°F and 35 psia, respectively, what is the quantity of air that has been added to the tank?
9. Could you provide an explanation of "cavitation" and the factors responsible for its occurrence?
10. How does the boiling point of water vary with increasing pressure? Please provide an explanation.
11. During a boiling process, if the pressure of a substance is increased, would the temperature also rise or remain unchanged?
Could you explain the reason for this?
12. Given that a propeller is working in water at a temperature of 20°C, and the analysis indicates that the pressure at the
propeller tips decreases to 2 kilopascals (kPa) during high-speed operation, is there a risk of cavitation for this propeller?
13. Is it possible for the coefficient of compressibility of a fluid to have a negative value? What about the coefficient of volume
expansion?
14. Assuming water is initially at a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) and compressed isothermally to 400 atm, what is the
corresponding increase in the density of water? The isothermal compressibility of water is given to be 4.80 x 10^-5 atm^-1.
15. Given that a water tank is filled with water at a temperature of 20°C and the material of the tank can withstand tension
caused by a volume expansion of 0.8 percent, what is the maximum allowable increase in temperature without
compromising the safety of the tank? Assuming that the coefficient of volume expansion β is constant and its value at 40°C
is used for simplicity.
16. If the coefficient of compressibility of water is 7 x 10^5 per square inch absolute (psia), what is the corresponding increase in
pressure needed to decrease the volume of water by (a) 1 percent and (b) 2 percent?
17. A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains 10 kg of water at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. An external force F is
applied to the piston, causing the pressure inside the cylinder to increase to 100 atmospheres. Assuming the coefficient of
compressibility of water remains constant during the compression, what is the approximate amount of energy required for
isothermal compression of water?
18. Does the speed of sound in a particular medium remain constant, or does it vary as the properties of the medium change?
Please provide an explanation for your answer.
19. At the entry of an adiabatic nozzle, carbon dioxide has an initial temperature of 1200 K and a velocity of 50 m/s, and at the
nozzle exit, it has a temperature of 400 K. Calculate the Mach number at both the entry and exit of the nozzle, assuming
constant specific heats at room temperature. Evaluate the reliability of the constant specific heat assumption.
20. Two identical small glass balls are dropped into two identical containers, one filled with water and the other with oil. It is
asked which ball will reach the bottom of the container first and why.
21. What is the phenomenon known as surface tension? What factors contribute to its occurrence? Additionally, why is surface
tension referred to as surface energy?
22. In relation to a soap bubble, is the pressure inside the bubble greater or lesser than the pressure outside?
23. What is the amount of work required to enlarge a soap bubble from 2.4 inches in diameter to 2.7 inches in diameter by
blowing air into it, given that the surface tension of the soap solution is 0.0027 lbf/ft?
24. A glass tube with a diameter of 0.03 inches is placed into kerosene at 68°F. The angle of contact between the kerosene and
the glass is 26°. What is the distance that the kerosene rises in the tube due to capillary action?
25. Calculate the height that water will ascend up a vertical capillary tube with a 1.2 mm diameter when placed in an
atmosphere-exposed water source. The inner wall of the tube has a contact angle of 6° and the surface tension is 1.00 N/m.