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AS 2885.0—2008
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AS 2885.0—2008
Australian Standard®
Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum
Part 0: General requirements
Purchased By : Mr Rob McCormick. Licensed to Equinox Engineering on 24 August 2010. 1 user personal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited (10142431).
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee ME-038, Petroleum Pipelines. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 15 May 2008.
This Standard was published on 5 August 2008.
The following are represented on Committee ME-038:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
APIA Research and Standards Committee
Australasian Corrosion Association
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Institute of Petroleum
Australian Pipeline Industry Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, WA
Department of Mines and Energy, Qld
Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines, NT
Department of Water and Energy, NSW
Energy Networks Association
Energy Safe Victoria
Gas Association of New Zealand
Primary Industries and Resources, SA
Welding Technology Institute of Australia
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 07444.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date
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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.
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using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to
notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
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AS 2885.0—2008
Australian Standard®
Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum
Part 0: General requirements
First published as AS 2885.0—2008.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8852 1
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AS 2885.0—2008
2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of Joint Standards
Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-038, Petroleum Pipelines. After
consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards New
Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard. It is the general and unifying Standard for a suite of
Standards covering high prespsure petroleum pipelines. The AS 2885 series comprises the
following:
AS
2885
2885.0
2885.1
2885.2
2885.3
2885.4
2885.5
Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum
Part 0: General requirements (this Standard)
Part 1: Design and construction
Part 2: Welding
Part 3: Operation and maintenance
Part 4: Offshore submarine pipeline systems
Part 5: Field pressure testing
Other Standards play a primary and direct role in achieving the purposes of the ME-038
Committee. The other Standards that are currently published by the Committee are the
following:
AS 1518
External extruded high-density-polyethylene coating system for pipes
AS 4822
External field joint coatings for steel pipelines
AS/NZS 3862 External fusion bonded epoxy coating for steel pipes
The need for Part 0, General requirements (this Standard) arose in 1995 when AS 2885.2,
Welding, was issued to supersede Section 7 of AS 2885—1987, and thus became the first
separate part of what was formerly a single document. AS 2885.1, Design and construction,
and AS 2885.3, Operation and maintenance, were then issued in 1997.
In the use of these parts it became apparent to Committee ME-038 that the function and
clarity of the series would be improved by the preparation of an overarching document to
deal with the issues common to all of the parts, and to provide a vehicle for editorial clarity
and simplicity.
On this basis Subcommittee ME-038-01 undertook the drafting of Part 0 (this Standard).
As each of the parts of AS 2885 series is revised it will recognize, and be made consistent
with, Part 0.
AS 2885.4 defines the application of DNV OS-F101 (Det Norske Veritas, Offshore
Standard for submarine pipeline systems) for design, construction and operation of offshore
submarine pipelines within AS 2885. DNV OS-F101 is a complete Standard and, except as
defined in AS 2885.4, the requirements of Parts 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 of AS 2885 do not apply.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ are used in this Standard to define the application
of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a
Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
Committee ME-038 has considered the need for the AS 2885 series of Standards in the face
of increasing worldwide use of international Standards. Appendix B to this Standard is an
informative appendix setting out the Committee’s reasons to justify the retention of an
Australian Standard covering the scope set out herein.
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3
AS 2885.0—2008
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 4
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE OF THIS STANDARD (PART 0) .................................................................. 5
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STANDARD .................................................................................... 5
1.3 BASIS OF THE STANDARD ..................................................................................... 8
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 8
1.5 DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION .............................................................................. 8
1.6 ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS ................................................................................ 9
SECTION 2 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................... 11
SECTION 3 APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... 12
SECTION 4 SAFETY MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 13
SECTION 5 RECORDS AND RECORD KEEPING ............................................................. 14
SECTION 6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT.............................................................................. 15
APPENDICES
A
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ................................................................................ 16
B
REASONS FOR HAVING AN AUSTRALIAN STANDARD FOR PETROLEUM
PIPELINES ............................................................................................................... 17
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AS 2885.0—2008
4
FOREWORD
The AS 2885 series of Standards (the Standard) establishes requirements for the safe
design, construction, inspection, testing, operation and maintenance of a land or a
submarine pipeline. These requirements are necessary for the protection of the general
public, the operating personnel, and the environment, as well as the protection of the
pipeline against accidental damage.
The AS 2885 series of Standards is intended for pipelines constructed from steel pipe used
for the transport of gas or liquid petroleum. the Standard also allows, under special
circumstances, pipelines constructed from materials other than steel, and for application to
fluids other than hydrocarbon fluids.
The Standard provides an authoritative source of important principles and practical
guidelines for use by responsible and competent persons or organizations.
The Standard is not to be regarded as being either an instruction manual for untrained
persons or a complete detailed design specification. Although certain sections of this
Standard contain specific requirements, they do not replace the need for appropriate
experience and competent engineering judgement. Fundamental sound engineering
principles should be followed using the principles and practical guidelines of the Standard.
It should be noted that it is not practicable to include, or cover, every aspect of pipeline
material, design, construction, welding, inspection, testing, corrosion mitigation, operation,
and maintenance in this Standard; however, the Standard provides a basis for engineering
assessment where detailed requirements appropriate to a specific item may be absent.
Although safety is the basic consideration, other requirements will also control the
engineering design of any pipeline, and these must also be considered. Most pipelines to
which this Standard applies will be designed, constructed, tested, and operated under some
form of licence or regulation. The Standard does not supersede or take precedence over the
requirements of any Statute or Regulation.
A pipeline designed to the Standard is to be constructed only from materials that have been
qualified. A wide range of nominated Standards is given and compliance with these
Standards qualifies the materials. Methods for qualifying other materials are also given.
Specific provision is made for highly volatile hydrocarbons that are liquids at pipeline
pressure and are designated high vapour pressure liquids (HVPL).
Environmental matters are of importance in the construction and operation of pipelines and
must be considered fully in the design stage. In view of the wide range of conditions that
occur and the wide variations in available information, specific requirements cannot be
incorporated in the Standard. The extent of the investigations that are necessary in a
particular location will depend on the amount and reliability of the environmental
information already available, and the sensitivity of the location to environmental damage.
The basis of the design is that a pipeline is required to have sufficient strength to withstand
all forces to which it will be subjected during construction, testing, and operation. Before a
pipeline is placed in operation, it is to be inspected and tested to prove its integrity by tests
to verify its pressure strength and leaktightness.
Where changes in the use of a pipeline or changes in land use invalidate the original design,
or where deterioration has occurred, the appropriate steps need to be taken to ensure that
continued operation is safe, and that the change is managed through a structured and
documented process.
The Licensee is responsible for the engineering design, construction, and maintenance of
pipeline integrity during operation.
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5
AS 2885.0—2008
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum
Part 0: General requirements
SECT ION
1
SCOPE
AND
GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE OF THIS STANDARD (PART 0)
This Part 0 of the AS 2885 series of Standards provides general requirements and guidance
on the scope, purpose, application and other aspects of the AS 885 series of Standards,
which is subsequently referred to as ‘the Standard’.
AS 2885.4 defines the application of DNV OS-F101 (Det Norske Veritas, Offshore
Standard for submarine pipeline systems) for design, construction and operation of offshore
submarine pipelines within AS 2885. DNV OS-F101 is a complete Standard and, except as
defined in AS 2885.4, the requirements of Parts 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 of AS 2885 do not apply.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STANDARD
1.2.1 Inclusions
AS 2885 applies to steel pipelines and associated piping and components that are used to
transmit single-phase and multi-phase hydrocarbon fluids, such as natural and manufactured
gas, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gasoline, crude oil, natural gas liquids and liquid
petroleum products.
Figure 1.1 shows the scope of pipelines covered by AS 2885.
The Standard also applies to modifications to a pipeline constructed to a previous Standard
or previous edition of the Standard.
While AS 2885 applies to all pipelines within its scope, its requirements are based on
experience and practices for typical high-pressure hydrocarbon transmission pipelines used
in Australia. Certain requirements may not be practical for ‘unusual’ pipelines, such as
those that operate at low pressures, and large diameter thick wall pipes. Where the
requirements of this Standard are not capable of being implemented or are determined to be
unnecessary for pipeline safety, the fundamental principles of the Standard shall be used to
develop alternatives that meet the objective of the Standard.
1.2.2 Inclusions—Special circumstances
The use of the Standard in circumstances listed below is not precluded but is not expressly
covered by this Standard:
(a)
Pipelines which operate at pressures above ASME Class 1500 (25.5 MPa).
(b)
Pipelines that are designed and constructed from fibreglass materials, from corrosion
resistant alloys or from other materials.
(c)
Pipelines transporting other fluids (for example non-hydrocarbon gases and slurries).
The application of the Standard to these circumstances requires special consideration.
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AS 2885.0—2008
6
1.2.3 Exclusions
The Standard does not apply to the following installations:
(a)
Petroleum production and processing plants, gas manufacturing plants and tank farms.
(b)
Gas distribution systems complying with AS 4645.
(c)
Above-ground storage pipe.
(d)
Systems where the normal operating temperatures of the fluid is lower than 30 C or
higher than 200°C.
(e)
Auxiliary piping such as that required for water, air, steam, lubricating oil and fuel.
(f)
Flexible pipes and hoses.
(g)
Equipment for instrumentation, telemetering and remote control.
(h)
Compressors, pumps and their prime movers and integral piping.
(i)
Heat exchangers and pressure vessels (see AS 1210).
(j)
Design and fabrication of proprietary items.
(k)
Wellhead assemblies and associated metering, control valves and piping.
(l)
Casing, tubing or piping used in petroleum wells.
© Standards Australia
www.standards.org.au
www.standards.org.au
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7
AS 2885.0—2008
© Standards Australia
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AS 2885.0—2008
8
1.3 BASIS OF THE STANDARD
The objective of the Standard is to provide requirements for the safe design, construction
and operation of pipelines that carry petroleum fluids.
AS 2885 is a single and adequate technical Standard that provides an authoritative source of
fundamental principles and practical guidelines for use by responsible and competent
persons or organizations.
The fundamental principles on which the Standard is based are:
(a)
The Standard exists for—
(i)
the safety of the general public and pipeline personnel;
(ii)
the protection of the environment; and
(iii) security of supply.
(b)
The Licensee is responsible for the safety of the pipeline.
(c)
All threats to a pipeline are to be identified and either controlled or the associated
risks shall be evaluated and managed to an acceptable level.
(d)
A pipeline is to be designed and constructed to have sufficient strength, ductility and
toughness to withstand all design loads to which it may be subjected during
construction, testing and operation.
(e)
The design is to be reviewed, assessed and approved.
(f)
Before a pipeline is placed into operation it is inspected and tested to prove its
integrity.
(g)
The integrity and safe operation of the pipeline is to be maintained in accordance with
an approved safety and operating plan.
(h)
Where changes occur in or to a pipeline or its surroundings, which alter the design
basis or affect the original integrity, appropriate steps are to be taken to assess the
changes and where necessary implement modifications to maintain safe operation of
the pipeline.
(i)
At the end of its system design life, the pipeline is to be abandoned unless an
approved engineering investigation determines that its continued operation is safe.
(j)
Before a pipeline is abandoned, an abandonment plan is to be developed and
approved.
The fundamental principles set out above, including the practical rules and guidelines set
out in the Standards, are the basis on which an engineering assessment is to be made where
the Standards do not provide detailed requirements appropriate to a specific item.
The Standard is not an instruction manual for untrained persons or a detailed specification.
Although certain sections of the Standard contain specific requirements, these requirements
do not replace the need for appropriate experience and competent engineering judgement.
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The documents referred to in this Standard are listed in Appendix A.
1.5 DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION
Each definition and symbol used in the Standard has the same meaning in each part of the
Standard. The definitions, symbols and units used in each part are presented in Section 1 of
that part of the Standard. Symbols that are defined in Australian and ISO Standards, or by
common usage, have been adopted.
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9
AS 2885.0—2008
For the purpose of the Standard, additional definitions given in AS 1929, AS 2812,
AS 2832.1, apply.
NOTES:
1
Until each part is revised some of the definitions and symbols in that part will not comply
with this Clause.
2
AS 2885.4 does not comply with this Clause because it incorporates DNV OS F-101, which
was developed independently.
1.6 ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
1.6.1 Retrospective application
The Standard is subject to continuous improvement, and when a revision of a part of the
Standard is published, the revision should be reviewed by the Licensee to identify
opportunities for improvement of existing systems.
Publication of a new Standard or revision of a part of the Standard does not, of itself,
require modification of existing physical assets constructed to a previous Standard or
previous edition of a part of the Standard.
Operation and maintenance procedures and practices for pipelines should comply with the
most recent edition of AS 2885.3 to the extent as reasonably practicable.
Revision of a part of AS 2885 may make changes that are considered so significant they
must be applied retrospectively for technical or safety reasons. These changes are identified
in the scope of the relevant part.
1.6.2 Departures from the Standard
It is not intended to prohibit the use of any materials, designs, methods of assembly,
procedures or practices that do not comply with the specific requirements of the Standard,
or are not mentioned in it, but do give equivalent or better results to those specified. Such
departures shall be approved.
1.6.3 Use of other standards
Where the Standard permits the use of other Standards, the intent is that the other Standard
be used in full and that the requirements of the other Standard not be used in conjunction
with the requirements of the Standard. Where the other Standard requires the use of
compatible Standards or codes for compliance, those compatible Standards or codes shall be
used.
Where the Standard imposes requirements that add to or override the requirements of a
permitted Standard, the additional requirements are explicitly stated in AS 2885 and have to
be met.
1.6.4 Interpretations
Questions concerning the meaning, application, or effect of any part of the Standard may be
referred to the Standards Australia Committee ME-038, Petroleum Pipelines, for
explanation. The authority of the Committee is limited to matters of interpretations of the
intent of the Standard. The Committee will not adjudicate in disputes or provide rulings
upon methods by which means compliance of the Standard will be achieved. The
responsibility for the assessment and approval of departures from the Standard lies with the
Licensee.
1.6.5 Conversion to SI units
Where units other than SI units are used in other Standards, conversion to SI units shall be
made in accordance with AS/NZS 1376.
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AS 2885.0—2008
10
1.6.6 Rounding of numbers
Observed or calculated values shall be rounded in accordance with AS 2706 and, when
assessing compliance with the Standard, the specified limiting values herein shall be
interpreted in accordance with the ‘rounding method’ described in AS 2706.
Units shall be converted to SI units before rounding.
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11
AS 2885.0—2008
S E C T I O N 2
L E G IS L A T I V E A N D
REGU L ATOR Y FRAMEWORK
The legislative and regulatory framework for gas and liquid petroleum pipelines in
Australia is as follows:
(a)
Pipelines within Australia come within the jurisdiction of Commonwealth, State or
Territory legislation.
(b)
Many petroleum pipelines within the scope of the Standard are required to be licensed
by the Commonwealth, State or Territory. The Council of Australian Governments
(CoAG) has agreed ‘to adopt the AS 2885 suite of Standards to achieve uniform
national pipeline construction standards’ for pipelines transporting natural gas.
(c)
The Licensee is the entity responsible for the design, construction, inspection, testing
operation and maintenance of a pipeline. The Licensee is responsible for the safety
and integrity of the pipeline.
Where a pipeline is licensed, the Licensee is the entity held responsible by the
regulatory authority.
Where a pipeline is not licensed, the Licensee is defined in legislation or approval
documentation that applies to the pipeline.
(d)
The Licensee may make arrangements that have the effect of delegating some of its
tasks in relation to the pipeline for which it holds the licence. It cannot delegate its
accountability for the safety and integrity of the pipeline.
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AS 2885.0—2008
12
SECT ION
3
APPROVAL
The concept of approval is fundamental to the Standard.
Approval by the Licensee demonstrates that the Licensee has accepted responsibility for the
safety and integrity of the pipeline.
Items requiring approval are identified in each part of the Standard.
Approval requires a conscious act and is given in writing.
The Licensee’s approval can only be given by the Licensee or under the authorized written
delegation of the Licensee; however, the responsibility for approval can not be delegated.
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13
SECT ION
4
SAFETY
AS 2885.0—2008
M ANAGEMENT
Management of pipeline safety is a fundamental principle underlying the Standard.
The safety management study process for pipelines is specified in AS 2885.1 (and
AS 2885.4 for submarine pipelines). The other parts of the Standard make reference to
AS 2885.1.
Pipeline safety management shall be an ongoing process over the life of the pipeline,
through planning, design, construction, operation and abandonment.
Safety controls require continuous management so that they remain effective. The outcomes
of the safety management study shall be incorporated in the Safety and Operating Plan.
Each safety management study shall address the safety of people, continuity of supply and
the environment to the extent that each is applicable.
The safety management study may also address other aspects such as the commercial
implications of a failure.
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AS 2885.0—2008
14
SECT ION
5
RECORDS AND
KEEP I NG
RECORD
The Standard requires the Licensee to obtain and maintain records necessary to safely
construct, operate, maintain and ultimately abandon a pipeline. Such records shall provide a
continuous history of the pipeline to facilitate informed decision making on all matters
relating to the pipeline.
Record format and storage methods shall be durable, remain legible and facilitate transfer
of information through the various stages of the life of a pipeline, recognizing that the
design life may be renewed several times and records may need to persist for very long
periods. As records may pass through several different organizations, the format of records
shall be such that the records stand alone and, where software-based, media are robust and
software platforms are maintainable and capable of being upgraded.
Detailed record requirements are set out in each part of the Standard.
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15
SECT ION
6
CHANGE
AS 2885.0—2008
MANAGEMEN T
Pipelines are subject to change from the time of conception to abandonment and the
Standard requires that change be managed through a structured and documented process.
Change management processes shall be implemented to achieve the intended outcome in a
controlled manner. Change management processes shall include review of the elements of
the safety management study associated with the change and the implementation of controls
to manage any adverse outcome.
Change management shall cover design, permanent and temporary changes, sudden or
unplanned changes and where required retrospective application.
The process shall consider the following:
(a)
The impact of each change.
(b)
Requirements for approval.
(c)
Control measures required to satisfy the safety management study.
(d)
Communication of the change prior to implementation.
(e)
Management of the implementation.
(f)
Documentation of each change.
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AS 2885.0—2008
16
APPENDIX A
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
(Normative)
The following documents are referred to in this Standard.
AS
1210
Pressure vessels
1929
Non-destructive testing—Glossary of terms
2706
Numerical values—Rounding and interpretation of limiting values
2812
Welding, brazing and cutting metals—Glossary of terms
2832
2832.1
Cathodic protection of metals
Part 1: Pies and cables
2885
2885.1
2885.2
2885.3
2885.4
2885.5
Pipelines—Gas and liquid petroleum
Part 1: Design and construction
Part 2: Welding
Part 3: Operation and maintenance
Part 4: Offshore submarine pipeline systems
Part 5: Field pressure testing
4645
AS/NZS
1376
Gas distribution network management
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17
AS 2885.0—2008
APPENDIX B
REASONS FOR HAVING AN AUSTRALIAN STANDARD FOR PETROLEUM
PIPELINES
(Informative)
In an era of globalization and the use of international standards, it is likely that the need for
an Australian Standard for petroleum pipelines may come under question. The following
reasons were considered by Committee ME-038 to justify the retention and ongoing
development of the Australian Standard:
(a)
The existence of an Australian Standard does not infringe the requirements of the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in that the Standard does not
contain any requirements which have the effect of directly or indirectly restricting the
use of goods or services from other countries.
(b)
The use of an Australian Standard is an essential technical requirement, and is in the
community interest in order to prevent the proliferation of different requirements in
different States and Territories.
(c)
The industry has local and rapid access to the Standards Committee for training, and
for the resolution of uncertainties in the intended meaning and the correction of
errors.
(d)
The Australian Standard provides a basis for ownership of the technical and safety
standards to all Australian stakeholders including the public.
(e)
Australian conditions are significantly different to those in the overseas countries in
which petroleum pipeline technology was mainly developed. The terrain and
population density conditions are different, and the small markets and long distances
in this country dictate the use of different technology with an emphasis on smaller
diameter pipe with correspondingly thinner wall.
(f)
Australian pipelines are on average significantly younger than those in Europe and
North America. They include innovative technology with greater emphasis on quality
materials and processes.
(g)
Australian pipeline failure rates are lower than those in Europe and North America
from which most incident frequency rates are derived for the purpose or risk
assessment.
(h)
The small number of people involved in the Australian pipeline industry and the
associated regulatory organizations, together with the assistance of Standards
Australia, means that the processes for changing the Australian Standard are
relatively very quick compared to major overseas standards. This situation has
encouraged the rapid take up of new technology in Australia whereas, by corollary,
the overseas Standards often have the effect of stifling innovation.
(i)
As well as the rapid take-up of new technology from overseas and from industries
outside the pipeline industry, the innovative environment encouraged by having an
Australian Standard responsive to local needs, helps foster an active and ongoing
program of pipeline industry research, which contributes significantly to the economy
and integrity of Australian pipelines. AS 2885 has benefited from past research and
has many features that are at the forefront of pipeline Standards.
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AS 2885.0—2008
(j)
18
The philosophy under which Committee ME-038 has operated has been to use a first
principles approach to the development of technical requirements. The Committee
aims to first understand the laws of nature so that it can set down effective laws of
man. Consistent with the style requirements of a Standard the rules are, wherever
possible, accompanied by explanatory material in order to help the user understand
the principles and intent of the Standard.
© Standards Australia
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Purchased By : Mr Rob McCormick. Licensed to Equinox Engineering on 24 August 2010. 1 user personal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited (10142431).
19
NOTES
AS 2885.0—2008
Purchased By : Mr Rob McCormick. Licensed to Equinox Engineering on 24 August 2010. 1 user personal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited (10142431).
AS 2885.0—2008
20
NOTES
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