Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MALAYSIAN
STANDARD
MS 830:2003
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE STORAGE,
HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION OF
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
(SECOND REVISION)
ICS: 75.200
Descriptors: liquefied petroleum gas, storage, handling, transportation, piping systems, dispensing
stations
© Copyright
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
and accreditation body.
The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,
standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national
economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health
and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and
international trade and furthering international cooperation in relation to standards
and standardisation.
Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which
comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others
with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. These
standards where appropriate are adoption of international standards. Approval of
a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia
Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of
Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are made mandatory by
regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or any other similar
ways.
The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop
Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent
for distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards.
For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:
Department of Standards Malaysia
OR
Level 1 & 2, Block C4, Parcel C
Federal Government Administrative Centre
62502 Putrajaya
Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad
1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri
P.O. Box 7035, Section 2
40911 Shah Alam
Selangor D.E.
Tel: 60 3 88858000
Fax: 60 3 88885060
http://www.dsm.gov.my
Tel: 60 3 5544 6000
Fax: 60 3 5510 8095
http://www.sirim.my
Email: central@dsm.gov.my
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation …………………………………………………………….
v
Foreword ………………………………………………………………………………..
vi
Sections
1
Scope and general ………………………………………………………………………
1
2
Container design and construction………………………………………………………
11
3
Piping, valves and fittings ………………………………………………………………..
17
4
Equipment …………………………………………………………………………………
25
5
Capacity, location and installation of aboveground storage containers
up to first-stage regulator…………………………………………………………………
30
Capacity, location and installation of underground/mounded storage
containers up to first-stage regulator……………………………………………………
44
7
Transportation of LPG
………………………………………………………………..
52
8
Transfer of liquids ………………………………………………………………………..
56
9
Filling capacities of LPG containers and cylinders
…………………………………
62
10
Cylinder filling ……………………………………………………………………………..
64
11
Storage of cylinders awaiting use or resale ……………………………………………
71
12
Cylinders in use……………………………………………………………………………
75
13
Automotive LPG dispensing station
………………………………………………….
80
14
Electrical and electrostatic hazard precautions ……………………………………….
84
15
Fire protection ……………………………………………………………………………..
90
16
Design and use of mobile gas -fired equipment………………………………………..
96
6
Annexes
A
Normative references
………………………………………………………………. 102
B
Properties of LPG
C
Pressure testing of pipework at LPG installations
…………………………………………………………………..
i
…………………………………
105
107
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
D
Rate of discharge for safety relief valves on containers ………………………………
108
E
Rate of discharge for safety relief valves for LPG
Vaporis ers (other than atmospheric)……………………………………………………
110
F
Deflection walls ……………………………………………………………………………
111
G
Emergency procedure guide (for vehicles carrying dangerous goods)……………..
112
H
Emergency procedure guide (Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG))………………………
115
J
Method of calculating maximum permitted liquid volume
which can be placed in a container at any liquid temperature ……………………….
118
K
Procedures for visual inspection and requalification of cylinders…………………….
123
L
Fire safety signs …………………………………………………………………………..
132
M
Protective bollard poles…………………………………………………………………..
134
N
Refuelling procedures at automotive LPG dispensing stations
…………………..
136
P
LPG emergency procedures
………………………………………………………….
137
Q
How to control LPG leaks and fires
………………………………………………..
138
1
Design pressures ……………………………………………………………………….
11
2
Safety distances for direct -fired vaporisers ……………………………………………
28
3
Relief valve start-to -discharge setting for regulator……………………………………
29
4
Minimum separation between an LPG container and a storage of a gas
other than LPG
………………………………………………….
31
5
Distance to any opening enclose underground drain …………………………………
40
6
Inspection of aboveground containers ………………………………………………….
42
7
Maximum permitted filling ration for LPG containers and cylinders
……………..
63
8
Maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to
8 kl water capacity ………………………………………………………………………..
63
Location of storage outside of building ………………………………………………….
73
Tables
9
ii
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
10
Cylinder location and safety distances ………………………………………………….
75
11
Safety distance…………………………………………………………………………….
78
12
Electrical equipment classified areas……………………………………………………
87
13
Fire protection ……………………………………………………………………………..
95
B1
Approximate properties of LPG
…………………………………………………….
106
D1
Rate of discharge for discharge for safety relief valves on containers ………………
109
J1
Liquid volume correction factors …………………………………………………………
119
J2
Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers
(up to 5 kl water capacity) ……………………………………………………………….
120
Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers
(over 5 kl water capacity) ………………………………………………………………..
121
Maximum filling percentage for underground/mounded
containers (all capaci ties)………………………………………………………………..
122
LPG cylinder damage limits
129
J3
J4
K1
………………………………………………………….
Figures
1
Location of aboveground containers in refineries and bulk plants……………………
37
2
Location of aboveground containers for bulk storage at
consumers’ premises …………………………………………………………………….
38
Location of aboveground containers in automotive LPG
dispensing stations …………………………………………………………………………
39
Location of underground/mounded containers for bulk
storage at consumers” premises ………………………………………………………..
47
Location of underground/mounded containers for
automotive LPG dispensing stations
………………………………………………..
48
Location of underground/mounded containers in
refineries and bulk plants…………………………………………………………………
49
7
Safety distances for cylinder filling and cylinder storage……………………………..
66
8
Check for gas leakage in cylinder……………………………………………………….
67
3
4
5
6
iii
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
9
Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders ……………………………..
76
10
Extent of classified area ………………………………………………………………….
89
F1
Location of deflection walls ………………………………………………………………
111
K1
Suggested method of measuring isolated pitting………………………………………
127
K2
Suggested method of measuring general corrosion ………………………………….
128
K3
Visual inspection report form…………………………………………………………….
131
M1
Protective bollard poles for dispenser …………………………………………………..
135
iv
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Committee representation
The Petroleum and Gas Industry Standards Committee (ISC H) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was
developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Association of Malaysian Oil and Gas Engineering Consultants
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Department of Standards Malaysia
Energy Commission
ExxonMobil Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Fire and Rescue Department
FMM-Malaysian Industrial Gases Manufacturers Group
Malaysian Petroleum Institute
Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
PETRONAS
Public Works Department
Road Transport Department
Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
University Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Petronas
The Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Related Products which developed this Malaysian
Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:
BP Malaysia
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Energy Commission
Fire and Rescue Department
Gas Malaysi a
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
Persatuan Kontraktor Retikulasi Gas
Petronas Dagangan Berhad
Road Transport Department
Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
v
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum
Gases and Related Products under the authority of the Petroleum and Gas Industry
Standards Committee.
This Malaysian Standard is the second revision of MS 830:1994, Code of practice for the
storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases.
Major modifications in this revision are as follows:
a)
the definition of “Regulator” has been added as Clause 1.4.49;
b)
the definition of “Qualification of personnel” has been added as Clause 1.5;
c)
the phrase “or other codes approved by the relevant authority” has been added to
Clause 2.2.1, 2.3.1 and 2.8.1;
d)
Clause 3.2.4 and 3.2.6 have been amended to exclude “wrought iron, black or
galvanised steel or brass”;
e)
referenced ASTM B42, ASTM B88 and ASTM B380 have been replaced with
BS EN 1057 wherever relevant;
f)
Clause 3.2.7 has been amended to exclude “Approved asbestos compound gaskets”;
g)
the height of the deflection wall has been revised to “not lower than 2 m” in Clause
5.2.6.2 a);
h) new requirement for materials for steel support has been added as in Clause 5.2.7;
i)
new requirement for ASME storage containers has been added as on Clause 5.2.7.3;
j)
the sign “No handphone” has been added to Clause 5.7.1 d), 7.5.1 c), 10.7.1 d), 11.5.2
d), 13.6.1 d) and L1;
k)
“Dangerous marking as approved by the relevant authorities” has been added to
Clause 7.5.1.1 and 7.5.1.2;
l)
the extent of classified area for storage containers other than cylinders in Zone 2 has
been changed to “Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all direction from the container
connections or shell.” in Table 12;
m)
the phrase of “at least one 40 BC fire extinguisher shall be provided” has been
replaced by “one fire extinguisher of minimum 144 BC or of minimum 9 l of
water/foam shall be provided" in 15.3.2;
n)
the phrase of “at least one chemical fire extinguisher of 20 B minimum rating” has
been replaced by “with two fire extinguishers of minimum 144 BC or of minimum 9 l of
water/foam” in 15.3.4;
vi
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
o)
the phrase of “at least one dry chemical fire extinguisher of 40 B minimum rating shall
be provided” has been replaced by “two fire extinguishers of 144 BC minimum rating
or of minimum 9 l of water/foam shall be provided” in 15.4.1; and
m)
Annex C has been revised.
This revised Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 830:1994.
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
vii
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE STORAGE, HANDLING AND
TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (LPG)
(SECOND REVISION)
SECTION 1: SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1
Scope
This Malaysian standard specifies requirements for the location, design, construction,
commissioning and operation of installations for the storage and handling of LPG.
1.1.1
This standard shall not apply to the following:
a)
Refrigerated storage of LPG or refrigeration systems.
b)
Plant or equipment in which LPG is processed or produced, or vessels which
form an integral part of that processing equipment (but does include post
manufacturing storage).
c)
Industrial gas-consuming equipment (see MS 930).
d)
Installation of consumer piping or appliances (see MS 930).
e)
Marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants or petrochemical
plants (excluding refineries).
1.1.2
LPG stored or used in systems within the scope of this standard shall not contain
of transportation ammonia. When such a possibility exists (such as may result from the dual
use or storage equipment) the LPG shall be tested in accordance with B2.1 .
1.2
Normative references
(see Annex A).
1.3
General properties of LPG
1.3.1
LPG, as defined in this standard (see 1.5.33), are gases at normal room
temperature and atmospheric pressure. They liquefy under moderate pressure, readily
vaporising upon release of this pressure. It is this property which permits transporting and
storing them in concentrated liquid form, while normally using them in vapour form.
The potential fire hazard of LPG vapour is comparable to that of natural or manufactured gas,
except that LPG vapours are heavier than air. The ranges of flammability are considerably
narrower and lower than those of natural or manufactured gas. For example, the lower
flammable limits of the more commonly used LPG are:
Propane, 2.15 % and butane, 1.55 %. These figures represent volumetric percentages of gas
in gas -air mixture.
1
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
The boiling point of pure normal butane is -0.56 °C, of pure propane -42.2 °C.
1.3.2
Both products are liquids at atmospheric pressure at temperatures lower than their boiling
points. Vaporisation is rapid at temperatures above the boiling point, thus liquid propane
normally does not present a flammable liquid hazard, for additional information of these and
other properties of the principle LPG , see Annex B.
1.4
LPG odorisation
1.4.1
LPG to be odorised
LPG shall be odorised by the addition of a warning agent of such character that it is
detectable by a distinct odour, down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth of the lower
limit of flammability (see note) (see 1.2.1 and Annex 8 for flammable limits of the LPG).
NOTE. It is recognised that no odorant will be completely effective as a warning agent in every circumstance. It is
recommended that odorants be qualified to comply with 1.3. 1 by test or experience. Experience has shown that ethyl
mercaptan in the ratio of 1.2 kg per 100 kI of liquid LPG has been recognised as an effective odorant.
1.4.2
Omission of odorisation
a)
When specially permitted by the relevant authority, odorisation may be omitted if
harmful in the use or further processing of the LPG, or if odorisation will serve no
useful purpose as a warning agent in such further use or processing. When so
permitted, a large notice shall be prominently displayed on the container
indicating that unodorised LPG is being stored or carried;
b)
Unodorised LPG installations shall be equipped with an emergency shutdown
system which will automatically stop the flow of gas if a gas detector senses the
presence of a concentration of gas in air of more than 25 % of the lower explosive
limit (LEL). Where more than one gas is stored the detector shall be set for that
gas with the lowest LEL;
c)
Gas detectors shall be installed:
around the installation;
i)
ii)
at the loading point it direct fill is not being used; and
at the point of usage of the unodorised gas.
iii)
d)
Gas detectors shall:
i)
shut off the flow of gas as in b); and
initiate an audible alarm of at least 105 decibels, and a visible alarm,
ii)
1.5
Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following shall apply:
1.5.1
Aboveground storage container
A storage container, no part of which is below ground level, and which is not covered by
earth, sand or other similar material.
2
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.2
Approved
Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. In determining the acceptability of installations
or procedures, equipment or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance
on compliance with appropriate standards. In the absence of such standard, said authority
may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The authority having
jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labelling practices of nationally recognised testing
laboratories, inspection, agencies, or other organisations concerned with product evaluations
which are in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current
production of listed items and the satisfactory performance of such equipment or materials in
actual usage.
1.5.3
Authority
The organisation, office or individual responsible for 'approving' equipment, an installation, or
a procedure.
1.5.4
Authorised person
A person specifically appointed by a LPG marketer to perform the duties of that position.
1.5.5
Automotive LPG dispensing station
A facility open to the public which consists of LPG storage containers, piping and pertinent
equipment, including pumps and dispensing devices, and any buildings, and in which LPG is
stored and dispensed into permanently mounted fuel containers of vehicles.
1.5.6
Basement
Any storey or storeys of a building which is or are at a level lower than the ground storey. In
the context in which the term is used in this standard, where more than 50 % of the perimeter
walls are open and of which one shall be the longest side, it shall not be classified as being a
basement.
1.5.7
Boundary (or site boundary or property boundary)
The boundary of the whole of the site under the same occupancy as that on which the
installation is included.
1.5.8
Bulk plant
See 1.5.17.
1.5.9
Cargo tank
A container permanently mounted on a tank vehicle chassis for the purpose of carrying
liquids.
1.5.10
Charging
See 1.5.19.
3
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.11
Container
A pressure vessel for containing LPG, and covering both vessels for bulk storage and
transport and smaller vessels such as portable containers for the transporting or storing of the
LPG. See also static storage container, portable container, portable storage container,
cylinder, cargo tank and skid tank.
1.5.12
Container appurtenances
Items connected to container openings needed to make a container a gas-tight entity. These
include, but are not limited to safety relief valves, excess flow valves, non-return valves, shutoff valves, internal valves, liquid level gauges and pressure gauges.
1.5.13
Container assembly
An assembly consisting essentially of the container and fittings for all container openings,
These include safety relief valves, excess flow valves, shut off valves, liquid level gauges and
protective housings.
1.5.14
Cylinder
A portable container not exceeding 0.5 kl water capacity and used for the storage and transfer
of LPG.
1.5.15
Direct gas-fired container heater
A gas -fired device which applies hot gas from the heater combustion chamber directly to a
portion of a container surface in contact with LPG liquid.
1.5.16
Dispenser (or dispensing device )
A device normally used to transfer and measure LPG for engine fuel into a fuel container,
serving the same purpose for an automotive LPG dispensing station as that served by a
gasoline dispenser in a gasoline service station.
1.5.17
Distributing plant
A facility, the primary purpose of which is the distribution of gas and which receives LPG in
tanker lots, distributing this gas to the end user by portable container (package) delivery, by
road or rail tanker, or through gas piping. Such plants have bulk storage (8 kl-water capacity
or more) and usually have container filling and tanker loading facilities on the premises. So
called 'bulk plants' are considered as being in this category. Normally no persons other than
the plant management or plant employees have access to these facilities.
1.5.18
Excess-flow valve (or excess-flow check valve)
A valve designed to close when the liquid or vapour passing through it exceeds a prescribed
flow rate as determined by pressure drop.
1.5.19
Fill, filling
Transferring liquid LPG into a container.
4
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.20
Filling by mass
Filling a container by weighing the LPG in the container. No temperatures determination or
correction is required as a unit of mass is a constant quantity regardless of temperature.
1.5.21
Filling by volume
Filling a container by determination of the volume of LPG in the container. Unless a container
is filled by a fixed maximum liquid level gauge, correction of the volume for liquid temperature
is necessary.
1.5.22
Filling ratio
The ratio between the greatest quantity of LPG permitted in a container and the quantity of
water at 150 °C, which would completely fill the container. The filling ratio may be either:
a)
mass filling ratio. The LPG water mass ratio; it varies with the LPG composition
but not its temperature; or
b)
volumetric filling ratio. The LPG/water volume ratio; it varies with both LPG
composition and temperature.
1.5.23
Fixed liquid level gauge
A type of liquid level gauge using a relatively small positive shut off valve and designed to
indicate when the liquid level in a container being filled reaches the point at which this gauge
or its connecting tube communicates with the interior of the container.
1.5.24
Fixed maximum liquid levee gauge
A fixed liquid level gauge which indicates the liquid level at which the container is filled to its
maximum permitted filling ratio.
1.5.25
Flammable and combustible liquids
Liquids as defined in MS 761.
1.5.26
Flexible connector
A short (not exceeding 1 m overall length) component of a piping system fabricated of flexible
material (such as hose) and equipped with suitable connections on both ends. LPG resistant
rubber and fabric (or metal), or combination of them, or ale metal may be used. Flexible
connectors are used where there is the need for, or the possibility of, greater relative
movement between the points connected than is acceptable for rigid pipe.
1.5.27
Float gauge
A gauge constructed with a float inside the container resting on the liquid surface which
transmits its position through suitable leverage to a pointer and dial outside the container
indicating the liquid level. Normally the motion is transmitted magnetically through a nonmagnetic plate so that no LPG is released to the atmospher e. Also called magnetic gauge.
5
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.28
Gas -free
A container or area is considered to be ‘gas free' when the concentration of flammable and/or
toxic gases in it is within safe prescribed limits for persons to enter.
1.5.29
Ground storey (or ground floor)
The lowest storey of a building to which there is an entrance from the outside or above the
level of the ground at the front of the building.
1.5.30
Ignition source
See 1.5.54.
1.5.31
Industrial plant
An industrial facility, which utilises LPG incident to plant operations, with bulk storages of LPG
and which receives LPG in tanker lots. Normally LPG is used through piping systems in the
plant, but may also be used to fill small containers, such as for engine fuel on industrial (i.e.
forklift) trucks. Only plant employees have access to these filling facilities.
1.5.32
Internal valve
A primary shut off valve for containers which has adequate means of actuation and which is
constructed in such a manner that its seat is inside the container and that damage to parts
exterior to the container or mating flange will not prevent effective seating of the valve.
1.5.33
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Any fluid having a vapour pressure not exceeding that allowed for commercial propane
composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves or as mixture:
propane, propylene, butane (normal butane or iso-butane) and butylenes (including isomers).
1.5.34
Load, loading
See 1.5.19.
1.5.35
LPG marketer
A company which receives LPG in bulk for distribution to the general public or to agents, who
in turn sell the LPG to the general public.
1.5.36
LPG system
An assembly consisting of one or more containers with a means for conveying LPG from the
container(s) to dispensing or consuming devices (either continuously or intermittently) and
which incorporates components intended to achieve control of quantity, flow, pressure, or
state (either liquid or vapour).
1.5.37
Magnetic gauge
See 1.5.27.
6
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.38
Mounded storage container
A storage con tainer, above or partly in the ground, completely covered on all sides by backfilling materials to prescribed requirements.
1.5.39
Non-return valve (or check valve )
A valve which permits flow in one direction only.
1.5.40
Permanent Installation
See 1.5.57.
1.5.41
Piping, piping systems
Pipe, tubing, hose and flexible rubber or metallic hose connectors made up with valves and
fittings into, complete systems for conveying LPG in either the liquid or vapour state at various
pressure from one point to another.
1.5.42
Portable container
A container designed to be readily moved, as distinguished from containers designed for
stationary installations. Portable containers designed for transportation filled to their maximum
filling ratio include ‘cylinders', 'cargo tanks' and 'skid tanks', all three of which are separately
defined. Such containers have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that
they can be safely transported in the filled or partly filled condition. Containers designed to be
readily moved from one usage location to another, but substantially empty of product are
'portable storage container' and are separately defined.
1.5.43
Portable storage container
A container similar to, but distinct from those designed and constructed for stationary
installation, designed so that it can be readily moved over the highways, substantially empty
of liquid, from one usage location to another. Such containers either have legs or other
supports attached, or are mounted on running gear (such as trailer or semi-trailer chassis)
with suitable supports, which may be of the fold -down type, permitting them to be placed or
parked in a stable position on a reasonably firm and level surface. For large volume, limited
duration product usage (such as at construction sites and normally for 12 months or less)
portable storage containers function in permanently installed stationary containers.
1.5.44
Quick-closing internal valve
An internal valve designed to be closed both automatically by the operation of one or more
sensing devices (which may be fusible links) and manually from a remote position, by the
release of the means of holding the valve open.
1.5.45
Quick connectors
Devices used for quick connection of the Acme thread or levercam types. This does not
include devices used for cylinder-filling connections.
7
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.46
Rail tanker
A unit consisting of a railway vehicle with a container permanently attached to it, or forming an
integral part of the vehicle.
1.5.47 Regulator
A device which automatically regulates the outlet pressure of gas passing through it to a
predetermined limit.
1.5.48
Road tanker
A road tank vehicle designed for the transportation of LPG, the container being either chassis
mounted or of semi-trailer construction.
1.5.49
Rotary ga uge
A variable liquid level gauge consisting of a small positive shut-off valve located at the outer
end of a tube, the bent inner end of which communicates with the container interior. The tube
is installed in a fitting designed so that the tube can be rotated with a pointer on the outside to
indicate the relative position of the bent inlet end. The length of the tube and the configuration
to which it is bent is suitable for the range of liquid levels to be gauged. By a suitable outside
scale, the level ni the container at which the inner end begins to receive liquid can be
determined by the pointer position on the scale at which a liquid-vapour mixture is observed
to be discharged from the valve.
1.5.50
Safety relief valve
An automatic pressure-relieving device actuated by the pressure upstream of the valve and
characterised by full opening pop action.
1.5.51
Shut off valve
A manually operated stop valve.
1.5.52
Skid tank
A container of more than 0.5 kl water capacity used to transport LPG handled as a ‘package’,
that is, filled to its maximum permitted filling ratio. Such containers are mounted on skids or
runners and have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that they can be
safely handled as a ‘package’. Such containers might be used on an exchange fill basis, or
might be left on-site for refilling from tankers.
1.5.53
Slip tube gauge
A variable liquid level gauge in which a relatively small positive shut off valve is located at the
outside end of a straight tube, normally installed vertically and communicates with the
container interior. The installation fitting for the tube is designed so that the tube can be
slipped in and out of the container and the liquid level at the inner end determined by
observing when the shut off valve vents a liquid vapour mixture.
8
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.5.54
Sources of ignition
Devices or equipment which, because of their modes of use or operation, are capable of
providing sufficient thermal energy to ignite flammable LPG vapour-air mixture when
introduced into such a mixture or when such a mixture comes into contact with them, and
which will permit propagation of flame away from them. They include but are not limited to
naked flames, exposed incandescent material, electrical welding arcs and electrical or
mechani cal equipment not approved for use in hazardous locations.
NOTE. In the context in which the term is used in this standard. A motor vehicle will not be treated as being an
ignition source.
1.5.55
Special protection
A means of limiting the temperature of a LPG container for purpose of minimising the
possibility of failure of the container as the result of fire exposure. When required in this
standard, special protection consists of any of the following: applied insulating coatings,
mounding, burial, water spray fixed systems or fixed systems or fixed monitor nozzles,
meeting the criteria specified in this standard, or by any means approved for this purpose.
1.5.56
Static storage container
A container intended to remain permanently in place once installe d.
1.5.57
Stationary installation
An installation of LPG containers, piping and equipment for use indefinitely at a particular
location; an installation not normally expected to change in status, condition or place. Also
called permanent installation.
1.5.58
Underground storage container
A storage container, no part of which, except for the fittings attached to the container, is
above ground level, and the excavation for which is back filled, after installation of the
container, with back filling materials to prescribed requirements.
1.5.59
Vaporiser
A device for converting liquid LPG to vapour.
1.5.60
Vaporiser, atmospheric
A vaporiser in which heat from the surrounding air of the ground is transferred through the
surface of the container.
1.5.61
Vaporiser, direct -fired
A vaporiser in which heat furnished by a flame is directly applied to some form of heat
exchange surface in contact with the liquid LPG to be vaporised.
9
MS 830:2003
1.5.62
Vaporiser, indirect-fired
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
A vaporiser in which heat furnished by steam, hot water or other heating medium is applied to
a vaporising chamber or to tubing pipe , coils or other heat exchange surface containing the
liquid LPG to be vaporised; the heating of the medium used being at a point remote from the
vaporiser. Also called vaporiser , indirect.
1.5.63
Variable liquid level gauge
A device to indicate the liquid level in a container throughout a range of levels. See float,
rotary and slip tube gauge.
1.5.64
Volumetric filling
See 1.5.21.
1.5.65
Water capacity
The amount of water, in either kilograms or litres at 15 °C required to fill a container full of
water.
1.5.66
Zone 0
An area in which any flammable atmosphere is continuously present for long periods, in
concentrations within the lower and upper limits of flammability.
1.5.67
Zone 1
An area in which a dangerous atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operating conditions.
1.5.68
Zone 2
An area in which a dangerous atmosphere can occur only in abnormal conditions and not in
normal operation.
1,6
Qualification of personnel
Persons whose primary duties fall within the scope of this standard shall be trained and
qualified according to the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.
10
MS 830:2003
SECTION 2: CONTAINER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
2.1
Application
This section includes design, fabrication and marking requirements for containers, and
features normally associated with container fabrication, such as container openings,
appurtenances required for these openings to make the containers gas-tight entities and
physical damage protecting devices.
2.2
Design code
2.2.1
Containers up to 0.5 ki water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and tested in
accordance with MS 641 or MS 642 or other codes approved by the relevant authority. Such
containers are commonly called LPG cylinders.
2.2.2
Containers exceeding 0.5 kJ water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and
tested in accordance with the ASME Code, BS PD 5500, AS 1210 or other codes approved
by the relevant authority.
2.3
Design pressure
2.3.1
For aboveground containers up to 0.5 kl water capacity the design pressure shall
be in accordance with MS 641 or MS 642 or other codes approved by the relevant authority.
2.3.2
For aboveground containers exceeding 0.5 kl water capacity the minimum design
pressure shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1. Design pressures
For gases with vapour pressure in kPa
(gauge) at 37 .8 °C not to exceed
Minimum design pressure
kPa (gauge)
550
690
690
860
860
1 080
1 030
1 290
1200
1 510
1480
1750
2.3.3
For underground and mounded containers the minimum design pressure shall be
1 750 kPa (gauge) (see note).
NOTE. Because of low soil temperature usually encountered and the insulating effect of the earth the average
vapour pressure of products stored in underground containers will be materially lower than when stored
aboveground. This reduction is the actual operating pressure. Therefore, it provides a substantial corrosion allowance
for these containers when installed underground.
2.4
Marking of containers
Each container shall be conspicuously and permanently marked with the
2.4.1
following information:
a)
manufacturer's name or trade-mark, serial number and year of manufacture;
11
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
b)
pressure vessel code to which it is made;
c)
the water capacity in litres (l) or kilolitres (kl);
d)
class of vessel (e.g. Class 1);
e)
design pressure in kilopascals (kPa);
f)
date of initial hydrostatic test;
g)
date of hydrostatic retest;
h)
the maximum safe working pressure in kilopascal (kPa);
i)
the tare mass in kilograms (kg) of container (for containers to be filled by mass);
and
k)
official stamp of the inspecting authority.
2.4.2
The appropriate class label in accordance with MS 1513: Part 5: Sub-part 2 or the
other relevant authority having juris diction shall also be marked on aboveground containers or
displayed on a notice in the vicinity of underground/mounded containers.
2.5
Container openings
2.5.1
Containers shall be equipped with openings suitable for the service for which the
container is to be used. Such openings may be either in the container proper or in the
manhole cover or part in one and part in the other.
2.5.2
Containers of more than 110 l water capacity, designed to be filled volumetrically
shall be equipped for filling into either the vapour space or liquid phase with a vapour return
line. This requirement shall apply to installations at consumers’ premises and other locations
except refineries and bulk plants.
2.5.3
Containers with water capacity of 8 kl or less shall not have more than two
plugged openings.
2.5.4
Connections for safety relief valves shall be located and installed in such a way
as to have direct communication with the vapour space, whether the container is in storage or
in use. If located in a well inside the container with piping to the vapour space, the design of
the well and piping shall permit sufficient safety relief valve discharge capacity. If located in a
protecting enclosure, the enclosure shall be designed to protect against corrosion and allow
inspection.
2.5.5
Containers to be filled on a volumetric basis shall be fabricated so that they can
be equipped with a fixed liquid level gauge(s) capable of indicating the maximum permitted
filling level(s) computed in accordance with the procedures in Annex J.
2.6
Protection for container openings
2.6.1
Opening requiring protection
An opening through a container shell to either liquid or vapour space shall be provided with
protective valves in accordance with 2.6.2 except the following openings:
12
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
a)
An opening to which safety relief valves are fitted.
b)
An opening not greater than 1.4 mm diameter or one provided with an internal
flow-limiting orifice of 1.4 mm diameter, as for a pressure gauge or liquid level
gauge.
c)
A plugged or blanked opening.
d)
A filling connection mounted directly on a container of not more than 8 kl
capacity, provided that the opening is fitted with either an approved combination
non-return valve and excess-flow valve, or one double non-return valve, or two
single non-return val ves.
e)
An opening for which all the following conditions apply:
2.6.2
i)
the total capacity of the system does not exceed 8 kl;
ii)
the discharge from a withdrawal connection is controlled by a manually
operated shut off valve which is attached directly into the withdrawal
connection, or is an integral part of a substantial fitting attached to the
withdrawal connection, or is attached directly into a substantial fitting
attached to the withdrawal connection;
iii)
the shut off valve is equipped with an attached handwheel or the
equivalent;
iv)
the controlling orifice between the vapour space in the container and the
outlet of the shut off valve does not exceed 8 mm diameter; and
v)
a regulator is attached to the outlet of the shut-off valve, either directly or by
means of a flexible annealed copper tube provided that the regulator is not
more than 0.5 m from the container and is supported and protected on or at
the container.
Types of protection
The arrangement of protective valves required by 2. 6.1 shall be one of the following:
a)
An internal excess-flow valve plus an external manual shut -off valve.
b)
An internal excess-flow valve with a quick-closing internal valve (see note).
NOTE. A quick-closing internal valve used together with an excess-flow valve gives more positive protection in a
container than is afforded by an excess-flow valve alone. Where a quick-closing internal valve is fitted in a container
opening and an internal excess-flow valve is not provided, or the quick-closing internal valve does not operate as an
excess-flow valve, an external excess-flow valve having a rated capacity not greater than 1.5 times the design flow
shall be fitted in a steel mounting that is sandwiched between the flange of the quick-closing internal valve and the
mating pipe or valve flange .
c)
An internal excess-flow valve plus a quick-closing internal valve (see note).
NOTE. For installation in an opening designed for inward flow only, a non-return valve is preferred to an excess-flow
valve since it gives more positive protection
13
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
d)
An internal non-return valve plus an external manual shut-off valve (see note).
NOTE. Where an external non -return valve is installed as per f), it shall be fitted in a steel mounting that is
sandwiched between the flange of the quick closing internal valve and the matting pipe or valve flange.
e)
An approved combination non-return valve and excess flow valve, or one double
non-return valve or two single non -return valves provided that this option may be
employed only for a filling connection which is mounted directly on an
aboveground tank that does not exceed 8 kl capacity.
f)
An external non -return valve plus a quiet closing internal valve.
g)
An external emergency shut off valve directly attached to the vessel or the vessel
outlet nozzle, plus a manual shut off valve, provided that this option may be used
only where:
i)
the LPG installation, or the LPG portion of a composite installation, is
continuously manned by persons able to operate the shut off valves during
that period when the tank is in service, i.e. when the valves are open;
ii)
the tank is not smaller than 200 m capacity; and
iii)
the size of the attached pipe is not less than 100 mm.
3
The above protective valves shall comply with the requirem ents of 3.3.
2.7
Container appurtenances
2.7.1
Safety relief valves
Containers shall be equipped with one or more safety relief valves connected directly to the
vapour space.
2.7.2
Liquid level gauging devices
Liquid level gauging devices shall be provided on all containers filled by volume. Fixed level
gauges or variable gauges of the slip tube, rotary tube or float types (or combination of such
gauges) may be used to comply with this requirement.
2.7.3
Pressure gauges
Pressure gauges shall be attached directly to the vapour space for containers exceeding 2 kl
water capacity.
2.7.4
Drains in containers
2.7.4.1
A container of above 0.5 kl water capacity shall be provided with a drain
connection to permit drainage to atmosphere. Each drain connection shall be provided with a
shut off valve. This shut off valve shall be provided with a length of piping terminating with a
second shut off valve. The drain valve adjacent to the container connection shall be of a quick
shut off type and the second valve shall be of a throttling type. The length of the piping
between the two valves shall be such that the risk of simultaneous obstruction of both valves,
e.g. by the freezing of any accumulated water, is minimised.
14
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
A sufficient length of piping shall be provided downstream of the second valve to ensure that
the discharge will not take place beneath the container. The second valve and the piping shall
be adequately supported and secured to prevent mechanical damage or breakage by jet
forces. Both valves on the drain system shall have a means of actuation which cannot be
readily removed or moved from the closed position except by intentional operation. No drain
or blow off line shall discharge into or be in the proximity of any public drainage system or any
other drainage system where this would be liable to create a hazard.
2.7.4.2
The additional pipework and second valve required downstream of the drain
valve by 2.7.4.1 may be fitted at the time of drainage provided that the fixed drain valve is
protected by an emergency valve, e.g. an excess-flow valve fitted upstream.
2.7.4.3
The outlet of the drain valve system shall be blank-flanged, plugged or otherwise
secured against tampering when not in use.
2.7.4.4
Pipework between the drain system valves and between any valve and a blankflanged or plug, etc. shall be protected by hydrostatic safety relief valves (3.3.7).
2.7.5
Temperature gauge
Where a temperature gauge is fitted, the sensing device shall be installed in a pocket that is
located in the lower section of the container and is permanently attached to the container to
prevent accidental removal of the pocket when removing the gauge.
2.7.6
Filling connection
2.7.6.1
Container mounted filling connection
A filling connection mounted directly on a container shall be provided with an external excessflow valve and an internal non -return valve.
2.7.6.2
Remote filling connection
A filling connection which is remote from the container shall comply with the following
requirements:
a)
An internal non -return valve or an internal excess-flow valve shall be provided at
the container.
b)
An external excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve shall be provided at
the outer end of the rigid portion of the extension piping.
c)
Any vapour return line incorporated in the system shall be provided with an
excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve close to the filling connection.
d)
A remote filling connection shall be anchored and designed so that the protective
valves and piping to the container remain intact should the tanker be moved
without disconnecting. Shear fittings and concrete anchorages or bulkheads may
be used.
2.7.6.3
During the filling operation, a pressure increase may occur and consideration
should be given to either fitting internal spray pipes or the use of vapour balancing lines for
pressure equalisation between the delivery tanker and the storage container.
15
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
2.8
Protection against physical damage to portable container appurtenances
2.8.1
Portable containers of 0.5 kl, water capacity or less shall incorporate protection
against physical damage to container appurtenances and immediate connections to these
while in transit, storage and while being moved into position for use. The protection features
required shall be in accordance with MS 641 or MS 642 or other codes approved by the
relevant authority.
2.8.2
Portable containers of more than 0.5 kl water capacity, including skid tanks or for
use as cargo tanks, shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container
appurtenances by recessing, protective housing, or by location on the vehicle. Such
protection shall comply with the provisions under which the containers are fabricated and
shall be designed to withstand static loadings in any direction equal to twice the mass of the
containe r and attachments when filled with LPG, using a safety factor of not less than 4,
based on the ultimate strength of the material to be used.
16
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 3: PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS
3.1
Application
This section includes basic design requirements and material specifications for pipe, tubing,
pipe and tubing fittings, valves (including hydrostatic relief valves), hose, hose connections
and flexible connectors used to connect container appurtenances with the balance of the LPG
system.
3.2
Piping
3.2.1
Design
All pipework shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the pipework and
container and also to ensure that such pipework does not cause stress to the container,
container fittings or pipework.
3.2.2
Welding and brazing
Welding and brazing shall comply with the requirements of the inspecting authority.
3.2.3
Flexible piping
Provision shall be made, in design or by provision of flexible piping, to compensate for
stresses and vibration in the piping system. Flexible connectors, if used, shall comply with the
relevant requirements of 3.2.9. Flexible piping shall be as short as possible and in any case
shall not exceed 1 m in length.
3.2.4
Pipe
Pipe shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following or
other equivalent specifications approved by the authority:
a)
Steel pipe: ASTM A106.
b)
Copper pipe: BS EN 1057.
c)
Polyethylene pipe: ASTM D2513 or ISO 4437. Polyethylene pipes made to other
standards shall include the ISO method of determination of long -term hydrostatic
strength at 20 °C derived from 80 °C testing.
3.2.5
Tubing
Tubing shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following
or other approved equivalent specifications:
a)
Steel tubing: ASTM A539.
b)
Copper tubing: BS EN 1057.
c)
Polyethylene tubing: ASTM D2513.
17
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
3.2.6
Pipe and tubing fittings
Fittings shall be steel, copper or polyethylene and shall comply with 3.2.6.1, 3.2.6.2 and
3.2.6.3. Cast iron pipe fittings (elbows, tees, crosses, couplings, unions, flanges or plugs)
shall not be used.
3.2.6.1
Pipe joints in steel or copper pipe may be screwed, welded or brazed.
a)
Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the
discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at
least 2 410 kPa (gauge).
b)
Except as provided in 3.2.6.1 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG
at operating pressure over 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working
pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge).
c)
Fittings for use with vapour LPG at pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall
be suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge).
d)
Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 °C.
3.2.6.2
Tubing joints in steel or copper tubing shall be made with approved gas tubing
fittings and may be flared or brazed.
a)
Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the
discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at
least 2 410 kPa (gauge).
b)
Except as provided in 3.2.6.2 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG
at operating pressure over 860 kPa (gauge), shall be suitable for a working
pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge).
c)
Fittings for use with vapour LPG at pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall
be suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge).
d)
Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 °C.
3.2.6.3
Joints in polyethylene pipe and tubing shall be made by heat fusion in
accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Polyethylene fittings shall conform to ASTM
D2683 or ASTM D3261.
For the purpose of this standard, methods of heat fusion shall mean butt fusion, socket or
electrofusion and methods other than these shall first be approved by the authority having
jurisdiction.
3.2.7
Gaskets
Gaskets shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to which they are
subjected. Gaskets shall be made of metal having a melting point higher than 816 °C, or shall
be confined within an assembly having a melting point higher than 816 °C. Aluminium 'O'
rings and spiral wound metal gaskets are also acceptable. Where a flange is opened, the
gasket shall be replaced.
18
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
3.2.8
Jointing compound
Jointing compounds shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to
which they are subjected.
3.2.9
3.2.9.1
Hoses, hose connections, quick connectors and flexible connectors
Materials
Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors shall be fabricated of materials resistant to
the action of LPG both as liquid and vapour. If wire braid is used for reinforcement it shall be
of corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel. Where a hose is provided with an
inbuilt earthing wire , this shall be of stainless steel.
3.2.9.2
Hoses and quick connectors shall be approved by the relevant authority
3.2.9.3
Design and working pressures
Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors used for conveying LPG in liquid or vapour
phase at pressures in excess of 35 kPa (gauge) shall comply with:
a)
Hoses shall be designed for a minimum bursting pressure of 8 750 kPa (gauge)
and shall be permanently and clearly marked 'LPG' not greater than 3 m intervals.
b)
Hoses assemblies, after the appli cation of connections, shall be capable of
withstanding, without leakage, a test pressure of 2 410 kPa (gauge) for
10 min when tested hydrostatically.
3.2.9.4
Hose couplings
Any hose that requires to be connected and disconnected frequentl y during normal operation,
shall be provided with either a threaded Acme-form coupling or a POL coupling. Any other
hose connection shall be permanent threaded or flanged connections. The following sizes of
Acme thread are recommended:
a)
For liquid: 3¼ in or 1¾ in; and
b)
For vapour: 2¼ in or 1¾ in.
3.2 9.5
Electrical continuity
The electrical resistance measured overall on each length of hose complete with end
connections shall not exceed 0.75 ohm/m.
3.2.9.6
Inspection and testing
After being brought into use, hoses shall be periodically inspected and tested as follows:
a)
visually inspected at intervals not exceeding one month for damage over the whole
length in use;
b)
hydrostatically tested at intervals not exceeding one year at a pressure of
2 410 kPa (gauge) for 10 min, including the connections; and
19
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
c)
tested for electrical continuity, the frequency of tests depending on the extent of
use to which the hoses are put. A record of these tests shall be kept.
Hoses which fail inspecti on or testing under a), b) and c) shall be discarded.
3.2.10
Piping within buildings
LPG vapour at pressures exceeding 140 kPa (gauge) or LPG liquid shall not be piped into
any building except that approval may be given by the authority having jurisdicti on for the
following situations.
a)
Buildings used exclusively to house equipment for vaporisation pressure
reduction, gas mixing, gas manufacturing or distribution.
b)
Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively to house internal
combustion e ngines.
c)
Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for industrial purposes.
d)
Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for research and
experimental laboratories.
e)
Buildings, structures, or equipment under construction or repair.
NOTE. Separate areas in b), c) and d), means fire-isolated areas unless otherwise approved by the relevant
authority.
3.2.11
Testing of piping installations
The testing of LPG piping installations shall be carried out by the installer in accordance with
the relevant procedures detailed in Annex C.
The installer shall certify in writing that the complete installation so tested is proved free of
leaks, before the installation is put into service.
3.3
Valves
3.3.1
Materials
Pressure containing metal parts of valves (except appliance valves), including excess-flow
valves, non return valves, safety relief valves, and manual shut off valve used in piping
systems, shall be of steel, ductile (nodular) iron, malleable iron or brass. Steel shall meet the
requirements of ASTM A182. Ductile iron shall meet the requirements of ASTM A395 or
equivalent. Malleable iron shall meet the requirement of ASTM A47 or equivalent. All
materials used, including valve seat discs, packing, seals and diaphragms shall be resistant
to the action of LPG under service conditions. Any valve external to the container shall be of
‘fire-safe’ type, i. e. one which incorporates secondary provisions to prevent leakage if the
primary seat or seal has been damaged by heat.
20
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
3.3.2
Design
3.3.2.1
All valves shall be suitable for the appropriate working pressure, as follows:
a)
valves used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the
discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for working pressure of at
least 2 410 kPa (gauge);
b)
except as provided in 3.3.2.1. a), valves to be used with liquid LPG, or with
vapour LPG a pressure in excess of 860 kPa (gauge), but not to exceed 1 750
kPa (gauge), shall be suitable for working pressure of at least 1 750 kPa (gauge);
and
c)
valves (except appliance valves) to be used with vapour LPG at pressures not to
exceed 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least
860 kPa (gauge).
3.3.2.2
Valve indicators or marking
A valve shall be provided with the following indicators or marking:
a)
A means for indicating clearly the open and closed position shall be provided.
Where a lever valve is fitted with a fixed handle, the valve shall be opened when
the handle is in the direction of the pipe. Where a valve handle is removable, a
separate metal plate shall be provided and this plate shall be clearly and indelibly
marked to indicate the open and closed positions of the valve.
b)
Any valve other than for a safety relief valve, pressure gauge or fixed liquid level
gauge shall be marked to indicate whether it connects to liquid or vapour space.
3.3.2.3
Direction of flow
A manual-isolating valve that is subjected to container pressure shall be installed so that the
valve gland is not subjected to direct container pressure when the valve is shut.
NOTE. Compliance with this requirement necessitates the mounting of valves in certain locations such as a
container inlet isolating valve contrary to any direction-of-flow marking on the valve.
3.3.3
Excess-flow valves
An excess-flow valve shall comply with the following requirements:
a)
The flow rate for closure of an excess flow valve should be below that likely to
result from complete fracture of the line it is protecting but should, to prevent
premature closing, be substantially above the normal service flow rate expected.
NOTE. If because of system complexity, a single excess-flow valve at the container is unable to protect against a
downstream pipe failure, one or more additional valves may be installed downstream, but is not usual to install such
protection beyond the first pump, compressor or regulator after the container outlet.
b)
An excess-flow valve shall incorporate a bypass that has an opening not greater
than 1 mm in diameter to allow equalisation of pressure, except where an excessflow valve is integral with an internal quick-closing valve and a manual means for
equalisation of pressure is incorporated. An excess-flow valve shall be marked
with the manufacturer's identity, model identi fication and the closing flow rate.
21
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Where two or more containers are grouped with common liquid and vapour connections, the
common liquid and vapour lines shall be fitted with excess-flow valves, unless the common
line has a cross-sectional area equal to, or in excess of, the combined areas of the individual
container lines, in which case the excess-flow valve in the container shall suffice.
Installation of excess-flow valves in liquid and vapour lines shall be made in such a manner
that any undue strain beyond the excess-flow valve will not cause breakage between the
container and such valve.
3.3.4
Quick-closing internal valve
A quick closing internal valve shall incorporate at least one provision for thermal closure by
actuation of the heat-sensing device and at least one provision for manual closure from a safe
remote position. Such valves shall be kept closed when the line they serve is not in actual
use.
3.3.5
Safely relief valves on containers.
3.3.5.1
General requirements
Every safety relief valve shall be in direct communication with the vapour space of the
container at all times, except as provided in 3.3.5.6.
3.3.5.2
Design
Safety relief valves should preferably be of the spring-loaded type. Gravity loaded relief
valves shall not be used. If pilot operated relief valves are used, the design of the valves
should be such that the main valves will operate and protect the container in the event of any
failure of the pilot system. Safety relief valves shall be so designed and constructed that the
breakage of any part will not obstruct the free discharge of vapour under pressure, that they
cannot be overloaded inadvertently, and that the possibility of tampering with their pressure
setting will be minimised. Where the pressure setting or adjustment is external, the safety
relief valve shall be provided with approved means of sealing the adjustment.
3.3.5.3
Set pressure
A safety relief valve shall be so set that it will start to discharge at a pressure not exceeding
10 % above the set pressure marked on the safety relief valve.
Any additional safety relief valve fitted may be set to start-to-discharge at a pressure not
exceeding 105 % of the design pressure provided that the aggregate valve capacity shall be
sufficient to allow the discharge of the maximum quantity without a rise in pressure to more
than 110 % of the design pressure.
3.3.5.4
Rate of discharge
The rate of discharge of safety relief valve for aboveground containers shall be in accordance
with Annex D except that for refineries the rate of discharge for safety relief valves shall
comply with API 520 and the testing of safety relief valves shall be in accordance with API RP
521. For underground/mounded containers other than those located in refineries the rate of
discharge of safety relief valves shall be not less than 30 % of the prescribed value in
Annex D.
22
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
3.3.5.5
Testing
Safety relief valves shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the relevant
authority. Safety relief valves shall be retested at periods not exceeding five years.
3.3.5.6
Valve between safety relief valve and container
Preferably each container should have more than one safety relief valve. To permit removal
for testing and maintenance, shut off valves may be installed between each safety relief valve
and the container, provided that shut off valves so used are normally fully open and are fitted
with a mechanical device linking all such valves on one container in such a manner that any
one shut off valve can be closed only when all other valves are fully open. The capacity and
number of safety relief valves so used on each container shall provide full relief capacity when
any one is inoperative. Alternatively, a proprietary multi-valve arrangement may be used.
When a container has only one safety relief valve, a manual shut off valve shall not be
installed.
3.3.5.7
Marking
Each container safety relief valve shall be plainly and permanently marked with the following
information:
a)
manufacturer's name or trade-mark;
b)
catalogue number;
c)
pressure at which the valve is set to discharge (set pressure), in kilopascals; and
d)
actual rate of discharge of the valve in cubic metres per minute of air at 16 °C and
101.5 kPa (absolute).
The date of the last test shall be marked on a tag attached to the valve.
3.3.6
Safely relief valve discharge lines
3.3.6.1
General
All safety relief valve discharge outlets shall be so located as to provide protection against
physical damage, and discharge pipes shall be fitted with loose rain caps. Return bends and
restrictive pipe fittings shall not be used.
The discharge from the safety relief valve shall be vented away from the container upward
and unobstructed to open air (except for light rain cap), in such a manner as will prevent
impingement of escaping gas upon the container or other equipment. The vent pipe shall be
not less than the nominal size of the safety relief valve discharge outlet.
Suitable provision shall be made either by a weephole deflector or a drain so that any liquid or
condens ate that may accumulate inside the safety relief valve or its discharge pipe will not
render the valve inoperative.
If a drainpipe is used, means shall be provided to protect the container, adjacent containers,
piping or equipment against impingement of flame resulting from ignition of LPG escaping
from the drain.
23
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Any cover that is provided for the protection of the safely relief valve of a portable skid tank
shall be designed to allow free discharge of gas from the valve so that a flame will burn clear
of the tank and valve in the event of ignition. The cover shall be designed to prevent retention
of moisture.
3.3.6.2
Common discharge header
If desired, discharge lines from two or more safety relief valves on the same or on different
units may be run to a common discharge header, provided that the flow capacity of the
header is greater than the total flow capacity of the individual discharge lines and that the
setting of all safety relief valves is nominally the same.
3.3.7
Hydrostatic safety relief valves on liquid lines
A safety relief valve shall be installed between each pair of shut off valves on LPG liquid
piping, so as to relieve hydrostatic pressure to atmosphere and shall be so placed that, in the
event of its operation, escaping LPG cannot impinge on containers, fittings or other
equipment, nor on the ground.
The minimum setting of safety relief valve installed in piping shall be not less than 140 % or
more than 200 % of the container safety relief valve setting. For fittings rated at 850 kPa
(gauge) to 1 000 kPa (gauge), the setting of such safety relief valve shall be not greater than
1 750 kPa (gauge) and for fittings rated at 1 750 kPa (gauge) to 2 100 kPa (gauge), not
greater than 3 100 kPa (gauge). The discharge from such safety relief valve shall not
terminate in any building.
A safety relief valve should not be installed in the pump discharge piping if the same
protection can be provided by installing the safety relief valve in the suction piping.
24
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 4: EQUIPMENT
4.1
Application
This section includes fabrication and performance requirements for the pressure containing
metal parts of LPG equipment such as pumps, compressors, vaporisers, strainers and
regulators. The requirements for vaporisers do not apply to engine fuel vaporisers.
All LPG equipment used in the system shall be suitable for the appropriate working pressure.
4.2
Pumps and compressors
Pumps and compressors shall comply with the requirements in 8.7.
4.3
Vaporisers
4.3.1
Indirect-fired vaporisers
4.3.1.1
General requirements
An indirect-fired vaporiser shall comply with the following requirements.
a)
The vaporiser shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME
Code, BS PD 5500, AS 1210 or other codes approved by the relevant authority.
b)
The vaporiser may be connected to the liquid section or both the liquid and gas
sections of the storage container provided however that there shall be in each
connection to the storage container a manually operated valve which shall be
capable of completely shutting off all gas or liquid flow from the container to the
vaporiser.
c)
The vaporiser shall be provided with suitable automatic means to prevent liquid
passing through the vaporiser to the LPG vapour discharge piping.
d)
The vaporiser shall not be equipped with fusible plugs.
e)
The vaporiser shall have at or near the vapour outlet, a safety relief valves
providing an effective rate of discharge in accordance with Annex E, and
complying with 3.3.6.
f)
The heating medium pipes into and leaving the vaporiser shall be provided with
suitable means for preventing the flow of LPG into the heating systems in the
event of pipe rupture in the vaporiser.
g)
Gas -fired heating systems associated with indirect-fired vaporisers shall be
equipped with automatic safety devices to shut off the flow of gas to main burners
if the pilot flame should fail. When flow through the pilot exceeds 2 MJ/h, the pilot
shall also be equipped with an automatic safety device to shut off the flow of gas
to th e pilot, should the pilot flame be extinguished.
25
MS 830:2003
4.3.1.2
Marking
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
An indirect fired vaporiser shall be marked with the following information and any other
requirements stipulated by the relevant authority:
a)
a reference to the standard to which the vaporiser is constructed;
b)
design pressure, in kilopascals (kPa);
c)
design temperature, in degree Celsius (°C);
d)
total surface area inside the vaporiser, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a) of
Annex E; and
e)
manufacturer's name or identification mark.
4.3.1.3
Installation
An indirect fired vaporiser shall be installed in accordance with the following requirement.
a)
The vaporiser shall not be installed in a building except where the building is used
exclusively for LPG equipment other than for filling purposes. Such buildings shall
be of non-combustible construction and well ventilated near the floor and roof.
b)
The horizontal distance from any vaporiser to an opening into an enclosed or
underground drain shall be not less than 3 m.
c)
Vaporisers shall be equipped with means of draining off any heavy products
which may collect in the liquid section of the system. If draining off is to be carried
out near to sources of ignition (e.g. flames of other vaporisers) provision shall be
made to lead the discharge by pipe or hose to a safe location.
d)
Heating or cooling coils shall not be installed inside a storage container.
e)
Indirect vaporisers shall be installed at a minimum distance of 1.6 m from the
nearest storage container.
f)
The device that supplies the necessary heat to the transfer medium, if it is a
source of ignition shall be so located that:
i)
the vapour path from the container shell to the device is not less than 10 m;
and
the vapour path from container valves, and filling and discharge
connections to the crevice is not less than 10 m.
If the heating device is in the same building as the vaporiser, such device shall be separated
from all compartments or rooms containing LPG vaporisers pumps and central gas mixing
devices by a wall, without openings therein, constructed from reinforced concrete at least 150
mm thick or of brick at least 225 mm thick.
26
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
4.3.2
Atmospheric vaporisers
a)
The vaporiser shall be above ground in the open and installed at a minimum
safety distance of 1.5 m from the nearest container.
b)
A vaporiser of less than one litre capacity heated by the ground or surrounding
air, need not be equipped with a safety relief valve, provided that safety tests
certified by the relevant authority demonstrate that the assembly is safe without
safety relief valves.
c)
The vaporiser shall be so located and protected as to prevent tampering and
physical damage.
4.3.3
Direct fired vaporisers
4.13.1
General requirements
A direct-fired vaporiser shall comply with the requirements of 4.3.1.1 a), b), c) and d), and in
addition the following requirements shall be met:
a)
The vaporiser shall have at or near the vapour outlet, a safety relief valve
providing an effective rate of discharge in accordance with Annex E. The safety
valve shall be so located as not to be subjected to temperatures in excess of
60 °C. The discharge from the safety valve shall comply with 3.3.6.
b)
The vaporiser shall be provided with means for manually turning off the gas
supply to the main burner and pilot.
c)
The vaporiser shall be equipped with automatic safety device to shut off the flow
of gas to main burners if the pilot flame should fail. When flow through the pilot
exceeds 2 MJ/h, the pilot shall also be equipped with an automatic safety device
to shut off the flow of gas to the pilot, should the pilot flame be extinguished.
d)
No direct-fired vaporiser shall be connected to a container that has a storage
capacity less than ten times the hourly capacity of the vaporiser.
e)
The vaporiser shall be equipped with a device which will automatically extinguish
the main burner in the event of failure of liquid supply to the vaporiser.
4.3.3.2
Marking
A direct fired vaporiser shall be marked with the following information and any other
requirements stipulated by the relevant authority:
a)
a reference to the standard to which the vaporiser is constructed;
b)
design pressure, in kilopascals (kPa);
c)
design temperature, in degree Celsius (°C);
d)
manufacturer's name or identification mark;
e)
rated input to the burner;
27
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
f)
the surface area of the heat exchanger, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a)
of Annex E;
g)
the outside surface area of the vaporiser, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a)
of Annex E; and
h)
the maximum vaporising capacity, in litres per hour.
4.3.3.3
Installation
A direct fired vaporiser shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of 4.3.1.3 a), b)
and c), and in addition the following requirements shall be met.
a)
Pressure regulating and pressure reducing equipment not an integral part of the
vaporiser if located within 3 m of a direct -fired vaporiser shall be separated from
the open name by a non-combustible vapour-tight partition or partitions.
b)
The vaporiser shall not take the product pressure above the design pressure of
the vaporiser equipment or above the design pressure of the container.
c)
The vaporiser, irrespective of its capacity, shall be so located that:
d)
i)
the vapour path from the container shell to the vaporiser is not less than
10 m; and
ii)
the vapour path from container valves, and filling and discharge
connections to the vaporiser is not less than 10 m.
The vaporiser shall be installed at the minimum safety distances from buildings,
property boundaries, streets and roads in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2. Safety distances for direct-fired vaporisers
Capacity of vaporiser
(l/h)
Up to 70
Over 70 to 500
Over 500
4.3.4
Minimum safety distance
(m)
3
8
15
Direct gas-fired container heaters
Gas-fired heaters w hich directly heat the storage container shall not be used.
4.3.5
Electrically heated vaporisers
Electrically heated vaporisers, if of flameproof construction shall be considered indirect-fired
vaporisers. If not of flameproof construction they shall be considered as direct-fired
vaporisers.
4.4
Strainers
4.4.1
Strainers shall be designed to minimise the possibility of particulate materials
clogging damaging pumps, compressors, meters or regulators. The strainer element lines and
shall be accessible for cleaning.
28
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
SECTION 5: CAPACITY,
LOCATION
AND
INSTALLATION
OF
ABOVEGROUND STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST-STAGE
REGULATOR
5.1
Application
This section specifies requirements on the capacity, location and installation of above ground
storage containers up to first-stage regulator. This section does not apply to LPG cylinders.
5.2
Container location and safety distances
5.2.1
General requirements
5.2.1.1
buildings.
Above ground storage containers shall be located in the open air outside
5.2.1.2
Storage containers within a group shall be located so that their longitudinal axes
are parallel to each other and preferably are directed away from any nearby storages of
hazardous gases or flammable or combustible liquids. Subjected to the approval of the
relevant authority, cylindrical storage containers may be placed end to end, provided that the
distance between the ends is not less than 3 m or twice the diameter of the larger container,
whichever is the greater.
5.2.1.3
Storage containers shall not be installed one above the other. An aboveground
container shall not be directly above any underground container.
5.2.1.4
To avoid accumulation of liquid or vapour beneath or in the immediate vicinity of a
container, the container shall not be situated in or vertically above a depression on the site,
nor should the area under or around the container be filled with aggregate with a high
percentage of voids.
No bunding around LPG containers is required but a diversion wall may be provided to control
a spill.
5.2.2
Overhead transmission lines
The placing of storage containers within 1.5 m measured horizontally from the vertical plane
of overhead transmission lines shall be avoided, unless a suitable overhead earthing screen
is provided extending 1.5 m beyond the container plan area.
5.2.3
Gas storage other than LPG
The minimum separation between a LPG container and storage of a gas other than LPG shall
be as shown in Table 4.
5.2.4
Flammable and combustible liquids storages
LPG containers shall not be located within the bunded areas of flammable and combustible
liquids storages. Diversion kerbs, grading, compounds or the equivalent shall be provided to
prevent the accumulation of flammable and combustible liquids under a LPG container.
Above ground storage containers shall be at least 2 m from the fill point of an underground
container containing flammable or combustible liquid.
30
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
d)
the deflection wall shall not be located on the property boundary, if the
neighbouring or adjacent property may be built upon.
NOTES:
1. Deflection walls can pose a serious hindrance in fighti ng a fire if poorly positioned.
2. A wall constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete, 200 mm thick or reinforced concrete 150 mm thick, is
deemed to have a 4 h fire resistance rating.
5.2.6.3
Changed site conditions
Where alterations on the installation site result in a breach of the requirements for safety
distances, the containers affected shall be moved so as to restore compliance or the
container(s) shall be taken out of service.
5.2.6.4
Refineries and bulk plants
Location of aboveground storage containers in refineries and bulk plants shall comply with the
minimum safety distances given in Figure 1.
5.2.6.5
Bulk storage at consumers' premises
This applies to commercial and industrial consumers' premises such as industrial plants and
hotels where there is bulk storage of LPG. Location of aboveground storage containers in
these premises shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2.
The following requirements shall also apply:
a)
The number of storage containers in any one group shall not exceed six. Any
container in one group shall be at least 7.5 m from the nearest storage container in
another group unless a deflection wall is erected between the groups. When
deflection walls are used to separate groups of containers, the direct distance from
each container in one group to the nearest container in another group shall be at
least 4 m. This requirement does not apply to installations of cylinder systems.
b)
Containers up to 0.5 kl water capacity may be permitted with zero distance to
buildings, property boundaries, etc. provided the space in the opposite direction is
clear for a minimum distance of 3 m. Not more than two such containers shall be
permitted to be installed in a group with zero distances. Such groups of two
containers shall be separated from other containers by a minimum distance of 8 m.
c)
Vaporisers, other than direct-fired type, shall be installed at a minimum distance of
1.5 m from the nearest storage container. Direct-fired vaporisers shall be installed
at the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2. Further requirements for
vaporisers are given in 4.3.
5.2.6.6
Automotive LPG dispensing stations
This applies to location of aboveground storage containers in sites where LPG is dispensed
into permanently mounted fuel containers of vehicles.
32
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Location of aboveground storage containers in these premises shall comply with the minimum
safety distances given in Figure 3.
For reasons of space and cost economy a so-called 'compact unit' (a unit where the storage
container, compressor, pump and dispenser column are mounted on a steel frame) is
permitted provided that the storage container does not exceed 8 kl water capacity. Such
compact units do not have to meet the minimum safety distance between storage container
and dispenser but have to comply with the other safety distances. The compact unit can be
prefabricated and transported complete to the site. Further requirements for automotive LPG
dispensing stations are given in Section 13.
The maximum num ber of storage containers in any one group and the safety distance
between groups of containers shall comply with 5.2.6.5 a).
5.2.7
Vertical LPG storage containers in industrial consumers' premises
5.2.7.1 Vertical LPG storage containers are allowed to be installed in industrial consumers'
premises only. The capacity of each container shall not exceed 20 kl and must be so located
to comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2. The vertical LPG storage
containers must be designed in accordan ce with the applicable provisions for horizontal
ASME storage containers and shall be fabricated with lifting lugs or some other suitable
means to facilitate erection in the field. Vertical containers designed for permanent
installations in stationary service aboveground shall be installed on reinforced concrete or
steel structural supports on reinforced concrete foundations which are designed to meet the
following loading provisions:
a)
Containers shall be designed to be self-supporting without the use of guy wires and
shall satisfy proper design criteria taking into account wind, seismic (earthquake)
forces, and hydrostatic test loads.
b)
Design pressure (see Table 1) shall be interpreted as the pressure at the top head
with allowance made for increased pressure on lower shell sections and bottom
head due to the static pressure of the product.
c)
Wind loading on containers shall be based on wind pressures on the projected area
at various height zones aboveground in accordance with MS 1553. Wind speeds
shall be based on a Mean Occurrence Interval of 50 years.
d)
Seismic loading on containers shall be based on a seismic analysis of the proposed
installation which meets the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.
5.2.7.2
Steel supports shall be protected against fire exposure with a material that has a
fire resistance rating of at least 2 h.
5.2.7.3
Vertical ASME containers used in liquid service shall not be manifolded to
horizontal ASME containers. Vertical ASME containers of different dimensions shall
not be manifolded together.
33
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
5.3
Installation (excluding compact units)
5.3.1
Foundations and supports
All stationary containers shall be installed on substantial masonry or concrete foundations.
Horizontal storage containers shall preferably have two supports. Where necessary,
containers shall be securely anchored or weighted to prevent floating. All foundations and
fastenings shall be designed to provide complete safety under all anticipated loading,
including wind and vibration.
The minimum design load shall be the mass of the container and its attachments together
with the mass of the water required to completely fill the container.
Where more than one container is installed and the containers have common vapour or liquid
connections or both, then the containers shall be supported so that their maximum liquid
levels are in the same horizontal plane. However, where approved suitable valving or piping is
installed to prevent uncontrolled liquid levelling, then such requirement need not apply.
5.3.2
Support for cylindrical containers
5.3.2.1
Concrete or masonry supports, pads or footings with steel cradle
Cylindrical storage cylinders may be mounted on non-fireproof steel cradles which are
constructed on concrete or masonry supports, pads or footings, provided that the distance
from the lower surface of the tank to the top of the concrete or masonry supports, pads or
footings does not exceed 250 mm. The container shall also be so mounted that the outside
bottom of the container is not more than 1.5 m ab ove the surface of the ground.
Suitable means of preventing corrosion; by the attachment of a fully seal-welded doubling
plate with round corners shall be provided on that portion of the storage container in contact
with the foundations or saddles.
5.3.2.2
Fire -proofed steel supports
Where the distance between the lower surface of the container and the top of the concrete or
masonry foundation exceeds 250 mm, steel cradle supports shall be encased in brick or
concrete, or in other material having a fire -resistance rating of at least 2 h.
Where fire-proofed steel supports are used, positive means shall be employed to prevent the
ingress of moisture between the fire -proofing and the steel support.
5.3.3
Supports for spherical containers
Steel leg supports shall be encased in a fireproof material to a height of not less than the
horizontal level of the lower edge of the equator plate, but in no case shall the support be
unprotected for a distance greater than 300 mm below the lowest point of attachment of the
leg to the sphere. The fireproof material shall be concrete or other material having a fireresistance rating of at least 2 h.
Where fire-proofed steel supports are used, positive means shall be employed to prevent the
ingress of moisture between the fire -proofing and the steel support.
34
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
5.3.4
Expansion and contraction of containers
All aboveground storage containers shall be installed in such a manner as will allow for
expansion and contraction of the container. All fixed piping connections shall be located
between the fixed end pedestal and the fixed end of the container, or suitable expansion
arrangements shall be provided in the piping.
5.3.5
Interconnected containers
Where two or more LPG containers are interconnected either to the vapour or liquid space,
the following requirements shall apply:
a)
The start-to-discharge pressure of all safety relief valves shall be the same.
b)
The maximum liquid level of all containers shall be on the same horizontal plane,
except that a number of containers with differing levels may be filled off a
common filling pipe provided that the arrangement of valves together with the
associated operating procedures will ensure that uncontrolled levelling cannot
cause over-filling of any one container.
c)
Where liquid return is provided for multiple containers having a common
withdrawal pipe, the system shall be capable of returning liquid to the container or
containers from which liquid is being drawn.
d)
Where containers are connected by a common liquid line, a vapou r balancing line
interconnecting the vapour space of all containers shall be provided.
e)
Where two or more containers are direct filled, the arrangement of pipework and
auxiliary equipment shall be such that quick access and egress is not hindered.
5.3.6
Interconnected withdrawal pipe
Where two or more containers are interconnected by a common liquid withdrawal pipe but
have independent filling connections mounted directly on each container.
a)
A vapour balancing pipe of adequate size to ensure rapid levelling shall
interconnect the vapour spaces of all containers.
b)
The aggregate container capacity shall not exceed 16 kl unless it is specifically
approved.
5.3.7
Security and damage protection
5.3.7.1
Container security
A container which is readily accessible to the public shall be provided with a means to prevent
tampering with any container fitting which could lead to an escape of gas. The provision shall
be capable of being locked and may be one of the following:
a)
a fully surrounding fence complying with 5.3.7.2 or an equivalent security fence
surrounding the whole of the property;
b)
a fence surrounding only those components requiring protection; or
35
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
c)
a lockable dome or cage complying with 5.3.7.3, provided that the container
capacity does not exceed 8 kl and the container is not in a school, playground or
park.
5.3.7.2
Security fence
A security fence shall be at least a chain wire fence of a strong construction and shall not be
less than 2 m high. In addition:
a)
A fully surrounding fen ce shall be at least 1.5 m from the nearest point of the
container and provided with a lockable outward -opening gate at opposite ends of
the enclosure (see note).
NOTE. The gates shall be kept locked when unattended and both gates shall be unlocked throughout operations
inside the enclosure.
b)
A partial fence surrounding valves or pumps only shall be installed so that access
through the fence is not possible; not less than one lockable gate, 1 m wide, that
allows easy access to the equipment shall be provided.
5.3.7.3
Lockable dome or cage
The lockable dome or cage shall be so designed that:
a)
the possibility of tampering with the protected fittings is prevented;
b)
if gas discharging from a safety relief valve is ignited, the resulting flame will burn
clear of the container; and
c)
moisture is not retained.
The dome or cage shall be kept locked at all times except when adjustment to or
maintenance of container fittings by an authorised person is required.
5.3.7.4
Damage protection
Any container or other part of an installation which is not fenced and which because of its
location is susceptible to damage from manoeuvring vehicle shall be protected against impact
by such vehicles by one of the following arrangements:
a)
75 mm water pipe filled with concrete or cement spaced at a maximum of 1.2 m
apart, at least 1.5 m from the container and at least 1.2 m high except that if 4 m
or more distant from container they may be 0.5 m high; and
b)
crash guards at least 700 mm high and 1.5m from the container.
36
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Water capacity of
individual container
(kl)
Minimum safety distance (m)
A
B
C
D
J
K
L
M
Up to 0.5
1
1
3
6
1
3
5
6
Over 0.5 to 2.5
1
3
3
6
3
3
5
6
Over 2.5 to 10
1
7.5
3
6
7.5
3
5
6
Over 10 to 70
1.5
15
3
6
15
3
5
6
NOTE. The location of the deflection wall shall comply with the requirements shown in Annex F.
Figure 3. Location of aboveground containers in automotive LPG dispensing stations
39
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
5.3.8.7
An effective earthing connection shall be provided at the filling point of container
greater than 2.5 kl water capacity for container electrically bonded to the LPG supply vehicle.
5.3.9
Piping
5.3.9.1
Support of piping
All exposed above ground piping shall be adequately supported. The distance between
supports for copper pipe shall not exceed 0.5 m.
5.3.9.2
Underground pipes
Underground piping that is subject to container pressure shall be provided with a protective
coating at least equal to that for underground containers (see 6.2.4.2, 6.2.4.3 and 6.2.4.4).
Other underground piping shall have corrosion protection appropriate to the conditions.
5.3.9.3
Aboveground pipes
For containers up to 8 kl water capacity fitted with a lockable dome or cage and not fenced
off, exposed service piping shall be of steel or encased in steel.
5.3.9.4
Insulated joints
Where underground piping that is attached to a cathodically protected container or piping
system emerges aboveground, an insulated joint shall be fitted adjacent to the point of
emergence and any piping and fittings on the aboveground side of it shall be earthed.
An insulated joint shall have an electrical resistance exceeding 1 MO. Single-insulated joints
may be used provided that effective testing in situ is possible, otherwise double -insulated
joints shall be used, such joints being pre-fabricated and tested before being welded into
position.
5.3.10
Painting of containers
All aboveground storage containers shall be painted and such paint shall be effectively
maintained to prevent corrosion. It is recommended that the storage containers be painted
white.
5.3.11
Cleanliness around containers
The area surrounding an aboveground storage container shall be kept free from combustible
material for at least the following distances:
i)
containers up to 8 kl water capacity: 3 m; and
ii)
containers greater than 8 kl water capacity: 6 m.
5.3.12
Inspection
Aboveground containers shall be inspected by the owners in accordance with the
requirements in Table 6 and records of such inspection are to be made available for
examination by the relevant authority.
41
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
5.4
Containers for temporary storages
5.4.1
General
Containers intended for use at a location for temporary storage for a period not exceeding
6 months may be exempted only from the requirements of 5.3.2.
5.4.2
Metal supports
A container intended for use at a given general location for a period not exceeding 6 months,
need not have fire-resisting foundations or saddles, provided that:
a)
the container shall have adequate ferrous metal supports; and
b)
the outside bottom surface of the container shall be not more than 600 mm above
ground level.
Table 6. Inspection of aboveground containers
Frequency of
test
Containers with
manholes
Containers without
manholes
Every 5 Years
Full external examination. Ultrasonic test
may be used to supplement the external
examination if necessary
As for container with manholes
Every 10 Years
Full internal visual examination in
addition to the 5 yearly external
examination
Ultrasonic or hydrostatic test
Where the clearance between the outside bottom surface of the container and the ground is
greater than 600 mm, supports shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 h. The top of
the supports shall be in contact with the skid members of the containers.
Where containers are not located on a hard surface, adequate provision shall be made to
prevent the possibility of settlement of movement.
5.4.3
Piping connections
Where a container is not permanently located on fireproof foundations, piping connections
shall be sufficiently flexible to minimise the possibility of breakage or leakage through
connections if the container settles or moves.
5.5
Discharge from safety relief valves
5.5.1
The discharge from a safety valve shall not be less than 1.5 m measured
horizontally from any opening in a building which is situated below such discharge. The
discharge shall be directed away from the building and shall not be located in enclosed areas,
such as lightwells.
5.5.2
The discharge lines from safety relief valves fitted to all containers shall be
directed vertically upwards and away from the container and for containers exceeding 8 kl
water capacity, shall terminate at a point at least 2 m above the container.
42
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
5.5.3
Where the safety relief valve of containers of 8 kl water capacity or less is under a
lockable dome or cage, adequate provision shall be made for the dispersal of gas from such
safety relief valve, without deflection or impingement on to such container or adjacent
container or containers, equipment, or any combustible substance.
5.6
Accessibility to fittings
5.6.1
Elevated valves and fittings normally used in the filling and emptying of
aboveground storage containers shall be accessible from properly installed ladders and
platforms.
5.7
Signs and notices
5.7.1
The following messages in the form of signs (notices may be included if so
wished) shall be clearly displayed at a container or storage area:
a)
No smoking;
b)
No naked lights;
c)
Nearby material is a fire risk; and
d)
No handphone.
Signs shall be in accordance with Annex L and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in
letters at least 50 mm high.
5.8
Illumination
5.8.1
Installations for which LPG transfer will occur at night on a scheduled basis shall
be provided with fixed lighting, able to provide illumination at a level not less than 50 lux at all
valves, couplings, and gauges that may be involved in the transfer operation.
5.9
Conveyance
5.9.1
Containers not exceeding 8 kl water capacity
Storage containers not exceeding 8 kl water capacity may be conveyed, if approved on a road
vehicle, or on a trailer, provided that the LPG content does not exceed 5 % of the nominal
capacity of the container.
5.9.2
Containers exceeding 8 kl water capacity
Storage containers exceeding 8 kl water capacity shall be conveyed only in a completely
purged and gas free condition. All storage containers being conveyed under this requirement
shall be securely attached to the road vehicle or trailer, to prevent movement in any direction.
43
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
SECTION 6: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF
UNDERGROUND/MOUNDED STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST STAGE REGULATOR
6.1
Application
6.1.1
This section specifies requirements on the capacity, location and installation of
underground/mounded storage containers up to first-stage regulator. This section does not
apply to LPG cylinders.
6.1.2
Underground containers shall be completely buried under the ground. Mounded
containers are containers which are partly or wholly above the general ground level but are
entirely covered with earth or sand to prescribed requirements given in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.
Mounded containers shall be treated as underground containers.
6.1.3
Where applicable, underground/mounded container installation shall comply with
the appropriate requirements of Section 5.
6.2
Special requirements for underground/ mounded containers
6.2.1
Approved storage containers shall not be buried underground/mounded unless
written permission has first been granted by the relevant authority.
6.2.2
Container design pressure
The minimum design pressure of underground/mounded storage containers shall be 1 750
kPa (gauge).
6.2.3
Lifting lugs
All underground storage containers shall be provided with lifting lugs or other approved
means for lowering the container into position without damage to the container or to the
corrosion resistant coating provided in accordance with 6.2.4. Any damage shall be repaired
in accordance with 6.2.4.
NOTE. Underground containers should have a liquid education pipe running down into a shallow well (e.g. a short
piece of 75 mm diameter pipe, blanked off) in the base of the container for cleaning out purposes.
6.2.4
Corrosion control
6.2.4.1
General
Each underground/mounded container shall be provided with a corrosion resistant coating
and with cathodic protection.
6.2.4.2
Surface preparation
Before application of coating material, the external surfaces of the container shall be suitably
prepared by grit blasting or chemical treatment.
44
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
6.2.4.3
Coating material
The external surfaces of the container shall be covered with a corrosion -resistant coating
which will provide an electrical insulator between the containers and earth. The coating
material shall be strongly bonded to all external surfaces of the containers and shall be inert,
non -absorbent to moisture, of high dielectric strength and of adequate mechanical strength to
resist damage during handling of the container or from its burial in soil. The preparation of the
surface and the handling and application of the material shall be in accordance with the codes
approved by the relevant authority (see Annex A).
6.2.4.4
Testing of coating
After coating of the container is completed, the electrical resistance of the coating and its
continuity shall be spark tested over the whole surface using a potential suitable for the
characteristics of the particular coating, in accordance with the codes approved by the
relevant authority (see Annex A). Any flaws detected in this test shall be repaired and
retested. Any damage to the coating sustained during handling or installation of the container
shall also be repaired and the repair spark tested as above, before burying the container.
6.2.4.5
Cathodic protection
Every underground/mounded container and associated underground/mounded pipework shall
have an adequately designed cathodic protection system.
This system may be of the sacrificial anode or impressed current type but in either case shall
be provided with a point at which a test can be made to determine the efficacy of the system.
Tests shall be made every 6 months and records of such tests shall be kept and be available
to the relevant authority.
Where there is cathodic protection common to the container and an underground/mounded
pipeline as in 6.4.6.1, the insulated joint may be bonded across or omitted.
6.3
Container location and safety distances
6.3.1
General requirements
6.3.1.1
Underground/mounded storage containers shall not be placed inside building or
in open pits.
6.3.1.2
Storage containers shall not be located beneath the bunded area of flammable or
combustible liquid storages.
6.3.1.3
Storage containers shall not be installed one above the other. An underground
container shall not be directly below any aboveground container.
6.3.1.4
An underground/mounded LPG container shall not be less than 3 m from an
underground container containing flammable and combustible liquids.
45
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
6.3.1.5
Underground containers shall be protected from aboveground loading due to
vehicular traffic or other cause, either by fencing off the area under which the containers are
buried, or by reinforced concrete slab or other adequate cover to prevent the weight imposing
concentrated direct loads on the container shell. If the container area is not fenced off, the
container manhole cover and the container fittings shall be protected against damage and
tampering. The perimeter of the area under which containers are buried shall be permanently
marked.
6.3.2
Safety distances
6.3.2.1
The safety distances refer to the horizontal distance in plan between the nearest
point on the storage container and a specified feature (e.g. an adjacent storage container
building, property boundary).
6.3.2.2
The number of underground/ mounded storage containers in any one group shall
not exceed six. Any container in one group shall be at least 7.5 m from the nearest storage
container in another group.
6.3.2.3
Safety distances for underground/ mounded storage containers in various
locations shall comply with the requirements in 6.3.2.4 and 6.3.2.5.
6.3.2.4
Bulk storage at consumers' premises
This applies to commercial and industrial consumers' premises such as industrial plants and
hotels where there is bulk storage of LPG. Location of underground/mounded storage
containers in these premises shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in
Figure 4. Location of vaporisers shall comply with 5.2.6.5 c). Further requirements for
vaporisers are given in 4.3.
6.3.2.5
Automotive LPG dispensing stations
Location of underground/mounded storage containers in automotive LPG dispensing stations
shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 5. Further requirements for
automotive LPG dispensing stations are given in Section 13.
6.3.2.6
Refineries and bulk plants
Location of underground/mounded storage containers in refineries and bulk plants shall
comply with the minimum safety distance shown in Figure 6.
6.4
Installation
6.4.1
Foundations
All underground/mounded containers shall be installed on a consolidated bed of noncorrosive inert material such as sand at least 150 mm thick evenly along its length. If
necessary, containers shall be securely anchored to prevent floating.
46
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Water capacity of
individual container
(kl)
A
B
C
D
J
K
L
M
Up to 70
1.5
3
3
6
3
3
5
6
Minimum safety distance (m)
Figure 5. Location of underground/mounded containers for automotive LPG
dispensing stations
48
Water capacity of
individual container
(kl)
A
B
C
D
F
< 135
2.5
15
3
6
7.5
135 to 265
2.5
20
3
6
7.5
> 265
2.5
30
3
6
7.5
Minimum safety distance (m)
S
See Figure 7
R
See Figure 7
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
T
U
15
10
15
10
15
10
Figure 6. Location of underground/mounded containers in refineries and bulk plants
If vehicles can pass above the underground containers, it shall be covered by at least 300
mm of sand superimposed with reinforced concrete not less than 150 mm thick, but also
adequate to support any likely superimposed loading, and extending at least 300 mm in all
directions beyond the outline of the container. If traffic access is prevented a covering of at
least 600 mm of sand or earth is acceptable.
49
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Care shall be taken, throughout the life of the container, to avoid introducing ashes or other
corrosive material above or in close proximity to it.
6.4.3
Access pit
Where valves and fittings of the container are located in an access pit, adequate provision
shall be made for the proper drainage and ventilation of the pit.
The access pit shall not be larger than necessary for the operation and maintenance of the
valves and fittings located therein and shall be not more than 1 m deep. It shall be adequately
protected by means of a locked cover.
6.4.4
Location of filling connection
The requirements in 5.3.8 shall apply.
6.4.5
Discharge from safety relief valve
6.4.5.1
Point of discharge
For all underground/mounded containers, the discharge from the safety relief valve shall
terminate vertically and directly upward at a point at least 3 m above ground level.
6.4.5.2
Discharge rate for underground/ mounded container before filling
If no LPG is put into a container until after it is placed underground or mounded, the rate of
discharge of the safety valve shall not be less than 30 % of the capacity in accordance with
Annex D.
6.4.5.3
Gas in container during installation
If LPG is present in the container during its installation, the rate of discharge shall be in
accordance with the requirements for aboveground containers as given in Annex D.
6.4.6.
Piping
6.4.6.1
Underground pipes
All underground/mounded piping connected to the container shall be provided with a
protective coating of a quality at least equal to that of the container itself and tested in the
same manner as the container. Where the container is connected to an underground pipeline,
other than the pipework associated with the installation itself and in the immediate vicinity of
it, an insulated joint shall be installed in the pipeline adjacent to the container.
Where soil conditions are unstable and settling of piping or foundation walls or heavy
vehicular traffic may occur, adequate measures shall be provided to prevent excessive
stressing of the piping. Piping shall be buried in a sufficient depth or covered in a manner so
as to protect the piping from physical damage. Consideration should be given to protect the
piping from physical damage when it passes through flowerbeds, shrub beds and other such
cultivated areas.
50
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
6.4.6.2
Aboveground pipes
Where underground piping that is attached to a cathodically protected container or piping
system emerges aboveground, an insulated joint shall be fitted adjacent to the point of
emergence and any piping and fittings on the aboveground side of it shall be effectively
earthed.
Where pipework terminates in an access pit, the insulated joint shall be fitted immediately
above the bottom of the pit and the pipework above the bottom of the pit and the pipework
above the insulated joint shall be effectively earthed.
6.4.6.3
Insulated Joints
Insulated joints shall comply with the requirements of 5.3.9.4.
6.4.7
Inspection
The following conditions shall apply in respect of inspection of underground/mounded storage
containers:
a)
Before any underground/mounded container is uncovered for inspection and
opening or for any other purpose, it shall be fully purged; provided however that
where external inspection only is intended and the container is not to be opened,
the pressure shall be re duced to 35 kPa (gauge).
b)
When any fault is found in the protective coating, it shall be stripped off
completely in the immediate vicinity of the fault and the underlying metal surface
examined. Such defective coating shall be repaired and tested to the satisfaction
of the relevant authority before recovering the container.
c)
The relevant authority may extend intervals between periodic inspections where
tests positively prove the effectiveness of the coating; provided however that all
underground/mound ed containers without manholes shall be uncovered for
inspection at least once every 10 years. Underground/mounded containers with
manholes shall be given a full internal visual examination and ultrasonic or
hydrostatic test at least once every 10 years.
d)
The use of test plates buried separately from the container shall not be taken as
evidence to justify extension of inspection periods.
e)
The safety relief valve and pressure gauge shall be removed for testing at
intervals not exceeding 5 years.
6.4.8
Odorising
All LPG stored in underground/mounded containers shall be odorised in accordance with 1.4.
51
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 7: TRANSPORTATION OF LPG
7.1
Application
This section covers the design and construction of containers used in the transportation of
LPG in bulk by road and rail, the design of vehicles and ancillary equipment and operating
practice. The requirements of this section apply equally to road and rail vehicles except where
specific exclusions are made.
7.2
Container design and construction
7.2.1
Portable containers used in the transportation of LPG in bulk by road and rail
shall comply with the appropriate requirements of Section 2 and in addition shall meet the
requirements of 7.2.1.1 and 7.2.1.2.
7.2.1.1
The design stress shall include an allowance to enable the container to withstand
shocks normally encountered by movements on road or rail. When the container is selfsupporting the container design shall provide for carrying the additional stresses normally
carried by the chassis frame. Provisions shall be made for distributing the localised stresses
arising from attachments to the container.
7.2.1.2
All attachments to the container shall be protected against accidental damage
which may result from collision, overturning, or other operational cause.
7.2.2
Where a portable container may be placed on a vehicle and used for delivering
LPG without dismounting it, then the container vehicle combination shall comply with 7.3.1
and 7.3.2.
7.3
Vehicle design
7.3.1
Road tankers
Road tankers intended for the transport of LPG shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant authorities.
7.3.2
Rail tankers
Rail tankers intended for the transport of LPG shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant authorities.
7.4
Use of trailers
7.4.1
Where a portable container containing LPG is conveyed on a road vehicle or
trailer, the trailer shall not be towed by a road tanker carrying LPG in bulk.
7.4.2
Where a portable container not greater than 2.5 kl water capacity is conveyed on
a trailer towed by a truck, the truck shall not carry more than 250 kg LPG in cylinders.
52
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
7.5
Accessories
7.5.1
Warning signs, lights
7.5.1.1
Every tanker shall be provided with the following warning equipment and danger
marking as approved by the relevant authorities:
a)
portable reflectors complying with MS 1409;
b)
a reflective sign or a portable flashing light, where the vehicle is not fitted with a
flashing light; and
c)
two sets of ‘No smoking’, ‘No naked lights’ and ‘No handphone’ signs (see Annex
L) for placement, one at each end of the vehicle.
7.5.1.2
Every commercial vehicle used for conveyance of LPG in cylinders shall be
marked and firmly fixed in the vehicle with the following warning equipment and danger
marking as approved by the relevant authorities:
a)
portable reflectors complying with MS 1409;
b)
a reflective sign or a portable flashing light, where the vehicle is not fitted with a
flashing light; and
c)
two sets of ‘No smoking’, ‘No naked lights’ and ‘No handphone’ signs (see Anne x
L) for placement, one at each end of the vehicle.
7.5.2
Protective gloves
Protective, impermeable, thermal insulating gloves shall be provided for persons engaged
during transfer operation involving a bulk conveyance container.
7.5.3
Instructions and procedures
Every tanker shall be provided with the following instructions:
a)
container filling and emptying procedures (8.5); and
b)
emergency procedure guides in accordance with Annexes G and H.
7.5.4
Wheel checks
A tanker which is of a type permitt ed to operate without spring brakes shall be provided with
at least two checks not less than 150 mm high.
7.5.5
Portable light
A portable lead-light suitable for Zone 1 hazardous area application shall be provided,
connections being made by means of suitable socket fitted in a convenient position in the
cabin of the vehicle, or alternatively an approved torch shall be carried. A separate flameproof
lamp, together with a flameproof switch for its operation may be mounted near the valve
controls on the container.
53
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
7.5.6
Flexible hoses
Flexible hoses used for loading or unloading tank vehicles shall comply with the requirements
of 3.2.9.
7.6
Tanker operations
7.6.1
Training
The person for the time being in charge of the operation of the tanker shall be trained in the
handling of the product.
7.6.2
Duties of person in charge of vehicle
The person in charge of the tanker shall ensure that before moving the vehicle on any
delivery run the accessories specified in 7.5 are being carried.
7.6.3
Fire extinguishers
All portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected, recharged and pressure tested in
accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority.
7.6.4
Refuelling
When LPG is being transferred from the cargo tank into the engine fuel tank, the tanker shall
be stopped and the precautions set out in Section 8 shall be observed.
7.6.5
Tanker inside buildings
An LPG tanker shall not be stored, parked or garaged in a structure which has less than three
sides open, or is otherwise so enclosed as to prevent the complete dispersion of any LPG
which might escape. The requirements shall not apply to a prime mover fuel tank which
contains LPG.
7.6.6
Stationary road tank vehicles
7.6.6.1
Location
A road tank vehicle containing LPG shall not be allowed to remain stationary in a public place
(including a street or road) within a town or city or to remain stationary within 15 m of a
building except for such time and for such purpose as are reasonably necessary in
connection with the delivery of LPG or for brief rest steps or for an essential repair or tyre
change.
7.6.6.2
Lighting
A road tank vehicle shall not be parked or left unattended in a street or road at night unless
the vehicle is well lighted and conspicuous, either by its own lighting or the street lighting, and
a reflective sign or flashing light is displayed at or near the rear of the vehicle.
54
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
7.6.6.3
Battery isolation switch
The battery isolation switch shall be opened when the vehicle is not under the direct control of
a responsible person, except for short term parking at night, or when the vehicle lights are
required under 7.6.6.2.
7.6.7
7.6.7.1
Servicing and repairing of road tank vehicles
Vehicle chassis and engine
The following precautions shall be taken when it is necessary to carry out service or repair
work on the chassis or engine of a LPG road tank vehicle:
a)
The vehicle shall not be parked near a source of heat, open flames or similar
source of ignition.
b)
The driver shall instruct the responsible persons in the workshop the nature of the
container contents and instruct them not to temper with the container valves and
fittings.
c)
All primary shut off valves shall be closed and liquid or vapour in the hose piping
vented to a safe location prior to moving the vehicle into the building. All hose
connections shall be capped.
d)
The system shall be checked for leaks and any found shall be repaired before the
vehicle is moved inside the building.
e)
The container shall be gauged to determine that it is not filled beyond the
maximum filling capacity in accordance with 9.2. If over-filled, it shall be corrected
before the vehicle is moved inside the building.
7.6.7.2
LPG container
Repair work shall not be carried out on the container or primary shut off valves while the
vehicle is in the workshop and the container contains LPG. No hot or major work shall be
commenced on a LPG container or its appurtenances until the container has been purged
and an authorised person has issued a ‘Gas -free certificate’.
NOTE: Care shall be taken to ensure that an LPG container is gas free before any work is carried out on it,
particularly since vapours are likely to be released from any deposit, sedimentation, or gas pocketing in the container
and pipework after initial opening and testing. This hazard is accentuated where hot work is being carried out.
7.6.8
Smoking, naked lights and explosive articles
Smoking, naked lights and articles capable of causing fire or explosion shall not be permitted
on or near a road tank vehicle carrying bulk LPG.
55
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 8: TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS
8.1
Application
This section covers transfers of liquid LPG from one container to another whenever this
transfer involves connections and disconnections in the transfer system, or the venting of
LPG to the atmosphere.
8.1.2
8.2
8.2.1
The requirements of this section do not apply to decanting (10.5).
General requirements
Transfer
No storage container, road or rail tanker or cylinder shall be filled with LPG unless it is in good
condition and comply with the design. Fabrication, inspection, marking and other appropriate
provisions of this standard. Where transfer of LPG is affected on a consumers’ premises, the
consumer shall be notified that delivery is to be made. No delivery of LPG shall be made at
night unless appropriate light for the location is provided. For transfer operations, transfer
hose shall not be run through any building or cross any road or highway. The protective
gloves required by 7.5.2 shall be worn during transfer operations.
8.2.2
Transfer personnel
8.2.2.1
Personnel responsible for the operation of equipment and the handling of LPG
shall understand the physical characteristics of the product, be adequately instructed in the
correct operation of the equipment and be familiarised with the relevant sections of this
standard appertaining to their spheres of responsibility.
8.2.2.2
All persons concerned with the storage and handling of LPG shall be trained in
the fundamentals if fire-fighting and fire control with particular reference to fires involving LPG.
They shall also be trained in the correct handling of any fire fighting and fire-control
equipment provided and shall be exercised in this respect at frequent intervals. The location
of all gas and liquid piping and valves, main electrical isolati ng switches and hydrants shall be
known and their use understood.
8.2.2.3
Emergency procedures in accordance with 13.7.4 shall be clearly displayed. All
personnel concerned shall be familiar with them and trained to handle emergency situations.
8.3
Super vision of transfer
8.3.1
Transfer operations shall be conducted by competent personnel meeting the
provisions of 8.1.2. At least one person trained in the transfer operation shall remain in
attendance from the time connections are made until the transfer is completed, shut-off valves
are closed and lines are disconnected.
8.3.2
In the case of road rail tanker, unless the tank vehicle and the storage container
or cylinder are readily visible and accessible one from the other, then two competent persons
shall be in attendance throughout transfer operations, one at the vehicle and one at the
storage container or cylinder. The person in attendance shall be capable of driving the vehicle
in an emergency.
8.3.3
A person shall be in attendance at the road vehicle whilst it is positioned on the
public road or street during discharge.
56
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
8.4
Location of tank vehicle
8.4.1
When any road tank vehicle is used to transfer LPG into storage containers
exceeding 8 kl water capacity at one location, the vehicle shall be located off the public street
and as far as practicable from open doorways and shall not obstruct entrances to buildings or
fire escapes. In no case shall a road tank vehicle be located closer than 3 m to a storage
container, and not less than 2.5 m separa tion shall be maintained between the vehicle and
the filling connection to the storage container.
The trained person shall ensure that the road tank vehicle be so positioned for quick egress
without recourse to backing in the event of an emergency.
8.5 Container filling and emptying procedures
8.5.1
Precautions to be observed
Filling procedures and precautions shall be observed in the order stated in 8.5.2 to 8.5.4.
Where any valve is open to transfer liquid, the operating handle or wheel shall remain in
position on the valve.
8.5.2
Before transfer of liquid
The following procedures and precautions shall be checked before transfer of LPG:
a)
The receiving container shall be checked to ensure that it is in safe working
condition and that the grade of LPG to be transferred is compatible with its
content and design working conditions.
b)
The receiving container shall be checked to ensure that it has sufficient ullage to
receive the quantity being transferred to it.
c)
The interconnecting system, i. e. pipew ork, fittings, valves, hoses, etc. shall be
checked to ensure that it is in safe working condition and that only valves, etc.
required for the transfer operation, or any other operation proceeding
simultaneously, are open.
d)
The interconnecting systems shall be checked to ensure that product cannot be
charged into lines, equipment, or containers not designed to handle it and that
unacceptable product contamination will not occur.
e)
If the pump is driven by the tanker’s main driving engine or an auxiliar y engine, so
that the engine must remain running during delivery, the isolating switch for the
alternator or generator field coil shall be closed. Otherwise any engine not
required for pumping shall be stopped and shall remain stopped until the tanker is
ready to be driven away.
f)
The area shall be checked to ensure that ignition sources, smoking, or naked
flame does not exist within 10 m of the connections at either end of the transfer
hose.
g)
Wheel chocks shall be placed in position unless the tanker incorporates spring
brakes.
57
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
h)
‘No smoking’, ‘No naked lights’ and ‘No handphone’ sign shall be placed at either
end of the tanker unless the tanker is so marked front and back.
i)
Before the transfer hose is connected the anti -static (bonding) lead shall be
connected when the container being filled is 2.5 kl or larger.
j)
Where fittings are provided with bleed valves to relieve any build-up of pressure,
such valves shall first be operated and then the terminal caps of pipework and
hoses shall be removed.
k)
All connections for transmission of the product shall be made vapour tight.
8.5.3
During transfer of liquid
The following procedures and precautions shall be followed during transfer of LPG:
a)
All necessary valves shall be opened and the pump started.
b)
Filling shall be stopped if any ignition source becomes active within the area
specified in 8.5.2 (f) or if any fault or malfunction causes gas to escape.
c)
The operator or person-i n-charge shall remain in the immediate vicinity of the
transfer operation during transfer and shall ensure that the receiving container is
not overfilled.
d)
The filling ratio for the container shall not be exceeded.
e)
Where filling without vapour return or transferring with vapour compression is
being undertaken care shall be taken to ensure that the safety relief valve does
not blow off.
8.5.4
After transfer of liquid
The following procedures and precautions shall be followed after transfer of LPG:
a)
The pump or compressor shall be stopped.
b)
All necessary valves shall be closed.
c)
If dry hoses are used, pump and engines shall be stopped prior to venting the
hose, and venting shall be completed prior to uncoupling the hose;
NOTE. Where a compressor is available, the liquid in the liquid line should preferably be blown into the receiving
container before venting takes place.
d)
Hose couplings shall be disconnected and the terminal caps of pipework and
hose shall be replaced immediately.
e)
Hoses shall be stowed away. Long hoses which are to be wounded up under
power shall first be cleared of all obstructions which could impede the hose
movement or cause damage.
f)
Electrical connections and anti -static leads shall be disconnected and stowed
away.
58
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
g)
The isolation switch in the field circuit of the generator or alternator shall be
closed.
h)
Wheel checks and warning notices shall then be removed and stowed away.
i)
The operator shall inspect the area by walking around the vehicle to ensure that
all of the above precautions have been complied with.
8.5.5
Emergency stoppage of operations
The person incharge of operations shall ensure that transfer operations are stopped and all
valves closed in the event of the following occurrences;
a)
uncontrolled leakage;
b)
a fire in the vicinity; and
c)
a severe electrical storm in the vicinity in the case of an operation which involves
venting of LPG.
8.5.6
Purging and filling containers and systems.
8.5.6.1
When new containers and systems are to be taken into commission or containers
and system which have been g as-freed are to be filled they shall first be cleared of air.
8.5.6.2
Air shall be replaced by an inert gas, water, or LPG depending on circumstances.
If water is used to replace the air, provision shall be made for its complete removal. If LPG
vapour is used to replace the air, then the container and system will for a period of time
contain a flammable mixture and the flammable mixture will be vented from the container and
system: adequate precautions of preventing its ignition are essential.
8.5.6.3
In the case of air removal by means of an inert gas or LPG vapour, sampling and
testing of the container contents and the mixture discharged from the vent or vents shall be
carried out to determine the completeness of the air removal and the flammability of the
issuing gas.
8.5.6.4
On filling the container and system care shall be taken to prevent excessive
chilling by the too rapid evaporation of the LPG pumped into it.
8.6
Venting of gas or liquid
8.6.1
Gas or liquid shall not be vented to the atmosphere to assist in transferring
contents of one LPG container to another container. However venting under the following
conditions is allowed:
a)
Venting for the operation of fixed liquid level, rotary or slip tube gauges, provided
the maximum flow does not exc eed that from a 1.4 mm opening.
b)
Venting the LPG between shut-off valves before disconnecting the liquid loading
line from the container. Where necessary, suitable bleeder valves shall be used.
59
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
c)
Venting vapour from approved pumps utilising LPG in the vapour phase as a
source of energy, provided the rate of discharge does not exceed that from an
opening of 3 mm diameter and such venting and liquid transfer shall be located
not less than 7.5 m from buildings, property boundaries, roads, streets and
sources of ignition.
8.7
Pumps and compressors
8.7.1
Suitability
A pump or compressor intended for handling LPG shall be suitable for use with LPG.
A pump drive which is located within the hazardous zone surrounding the pump shall be
suitable for us e within that zone.
8.7.2
Pressure limitation
In addition to the specific requirements of 8.7.3 and 8.7.4 a pump or compressor installation
shall incorporate an automatic means to prevent the design pressure of any container, pipe or
component from being exceeded. If this means consists of a primary recirculation system
which has a manual shut off valve in the line, or a quick-closing internal valve of a type which
does not automatically open under pump pressure, a secondary safety recirculation system
shall be provided which shall have no means of rendering it inoperative. This secondary
system may have a pressure setting greater than that of the primary system.
8.7.3
Pumps
A pump installation shall incorporate the following:
a)
A pressure gauge provid ed with a flow restriction in accordance with 2.6.1 b),
located on the discharge side of the pump before any external pressure relief or
shut-off valve. The gauge should be liquid-damped.
b)
A constant differential by pass valve installed in the pump discharge of any
positive pump and delivering to the supply tank of the pump or to the suction side
of the pump through a line of sufficient size to carry the full capacity to the pump.
8.7.4
Compressors
A compressor installation shall comply with the following requirements:
a)
a compressor shall draw from a vapour space and may discharge to either the
liquid or the vapour space.
b)
means shall be provided to prevent liquid from entering the compressor suction. If
such means is not integral with the compres sor, a liquid trap shall be installed as
close as possible to the compressor in the suction line.
c)
pressure gauges provided with a flow restriction in accordance with 2.6.1 b) shall
be installed on the suction side and on the discharge side of a compressor. The
gauges should be liquid damped.
60
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
8.7.5
Pump location
A pump shall be so located that the surrounding hazardous zone does not overlap a boundary
or impinge on a building (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of
LPG) or ignition source.
8.8
Flexible hose
8.8.1
Flexible hose used for conveying LPG in liquid or vapour phase at pressure
exceeding of 35 kPa (gauge) shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with the
requirements of 3.2.9.
8.9
Precautions as to type of gas
8.9.1
The LPG marketer, the person in charge of transfer operations, and the
consumer shall take all precautions to ensure that only those gases, for which the system is
designed and approved, are employed in its operation, particularly with regard to pressure
and materials of construction.
61
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 9:
CYLINDERS
9.1
FILLING
CAPACITIES
OF
LPG
CONTAINERS
AND
Application
This section includes requirements covering the maximum permissible LPG content of
containers and the methods of verifying this quantity.
9.2
LPG capacity of containers
9.2.1
The maximum LPG content of any container shall be that quantity which equals
to the maximum permitted filling ratio given in Table 7. The filling ratio depends o n the size of
the container, whether installed aboveground or underground and the density of the liquid
LPG at 15 °C placed in the container.
9.2.2
Determination of the LPG content of a container complies with Table 6 may be
either by mass or by volume 9.3.1, 9.3.2 and 9.3.3.
9.3
Compliance with maximum permitted filling ratio requirements
9.3.1
Filling by mass
The maximum mass, M (in kilograms), of liquid that may be introduced into a container may
be calculated from the formula:
M=CxD
where,
M is the maximum permitted mass which can be placed in a container, in kilograms;
C is the water capacity of the container, in kilograms; and
D is the maximum permitted filling ratio from Table 7, in percentage.
9.3.2
Filling by volume
Because the contents of a static storage container cannot normally be controlled by mass,
some means is required for calculating the maximum volume of liquid that may be placed in a
container at any liquid temperature. The maximum permitted liquid volume, as a percentage
of the total container capacity, may be determined for LPG at any liquid temperature by the
method in Annex J.
9.3.3
Alternative maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to 8 kl
water capacity
The maximum liquid volume, as a percentage of the total container capacity, given in Table 8
may be used in view of the maximum permitted filling ratio given in Table 7 for containers up
to 8 kl total water capacity as a means of determining the maximum quantity that may be
placed in the container (see note to Table 8).
62
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 10: CYLINDER FILLING
10.1
Application
This section covers plants for the filling of cylinders of LPG and the handling and storage of
cylinders at such plants. This may include the refilling of cylinders at consumers’ premises for
their consumption.
10.2
Cylinder filling locations and platforms
10.2.1
General requirements
10.2.1.1
Cylinder shall be filled with LPG only in buildings designed for that purpose or in
the open air. The filling of cylinders shall not be done in basements or upper storeys of a
building.
10.2.1.2
Floors may be near ground level or raised to vehicle platform height. If floor is
raised, the space underneath should preferably be filled in or, if it is left open, it shall be
unobstructed and without depressions to ensure ventilation. The open space beneath the
floor shall not be used for any storage purpose and shall be kept clean and free from any
combustible material.
10.2.1.3
As far as possible, the floor of the building or area should be without channels, or
other depressions which could accumulate gas. Where channels or pits in buildings are
necessary for conveyors or other equipment they shall be adequately ventilated by ducts to
the ou tside of the building.
10.2.1.4
A covered cylinder filling platform may be used, provided that at least two sides of
the platform are not enclosed or alternatively, means of ventilation shall be provided for the
approval of the relevant authority.
10.2.1 .5
If the filling is not carried out within a fenced area, a fence of at least 2 m high
shall be provided to enclose the filling and storage areas. A building or fenced area shall have
at least two means of exit located as far apart as practicable. Doors or gates shall be opened
outwards, shall not be self locking, and shall be capable of being opened readily from the
inside.
10.2.1.6
No duct, drain, or blow -off line shall be directed into or discharged near sewer
systems or drains used for other purposes.
10.2.1.7
Water drains from the filling building or area, where they pass to an outside
drainage system, shall be provided with effective seals.
10.2.1.8
Piping, where it passes through a concrete or brick wall, shall be protected by a
casing within which it is free to move.
10.2.1.9
Adequate lighting shall be provided to illuminate the working and storage areas.
64
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
10.2.2
Safety distances
The cylinder filling building or filling area in the open shall be located in relation to buildings
(other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), property boundaries,
cylinder storage area, LPG tankers discharge/filling locations, flammable and combustible
liquids storages and bulk LPG storage containers in accordance with the minimum safety
distances in Figure 7.
10.3
Cylinder filling
10.3.1
Inspection of cylinder prior to filling
10.3.1.1
Prior to filling cylinder shall be visually inspected for mechanical damage and for
damage by denting or corrosion and any unsafe cylinder rejected. Visual inspection shall
include an examination of the cylinder valve and a check on whether the cylinder is due for
periodic test. Cylinders must be retested or requalified in accordance with Annex K.
10.3.2
Filling system
10.3.2.1
Cylinder shall b e filled accurately and checks made to ensure that overfilling does
not take place. Filling may be by mass or volume. Filling of cylinders by volume may be
carried out when the cylinder is fitted with a fixed liquid level gauge.
Without prejudice to the safety requirements, all cylinders shall not be under filled to less than
labelled weight.
10.3.2.2
The system shall be designed in such a way that there is minimum leakage when
the connection to the cylinder valve is released.
10.3.2.3
Conveniently acc essible stop valves shall be fitted to the end of each branch
filling line from the header immediately before the filling unit. An approved emergency
shutdown device shall be fitted to the liquid supply line to the filling platform.
10.3.2.4
Hydrostatic relief valves shall be fitted in pipeline where liquid may be trapped
between closed valves.
10.3.3
Filling limits
The maximum quantity of LPG filled into a cylinder shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Section 9.
10.3.4
Venting of overfilled and leaking containers
When the contents of an overfilled cylinder are adjusted by venting, a suitable vent shall be
used to carry the vented gas from the filling building for dispersal in a safe place.
Alternatively, venting may be done in a safe place i n the open air.
10.3.5
Inspection after filling
Each cylinder valve and cylinder after filling shall be inspected to ensure that it is free from
leaks and satisfactory for service.
65
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Aggregate capacity of storage
Minimum safety distance (m)
Water capacity of storage (kl)
Nominal mass of LPG storage
(tonne)
Up to 13.5
B
R
S
Up to 6
5
1.5
Over 13.5 to 27.0
Over 6 to 12
6
2
Over 27.0 to 45.0
Over 12 to 20
7
2.5
Over 45.0 to 67.5
Over 20 to 30
8
3
9
3.5
See
Figure
1
Over 67.5 to 112.5
Over 30 to 50
Over 112.5 to 135.0
Over 50 to 60
10
4
Over 135 to 225.0
Over 60 to 100
11
4.5
Over 225.0 to 337.5
Over 100 to 150
12
5
Over 337.5 to 562.5
Over 150 to 250
15
6
Over 562.5
Over 250
20
7
Figure 7. Safety distances for cylinder filling and cylinder storage
66
T
U
25
10
MS 830:2003
10.3.6
Acceptable limit of leakage
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
A cylinder with a leakage of not more than 1.5 g/h is acceptable for use (see note). Cylinders
of suspected leakage of more than 1.5 g/h shall be tested as shown in Figure 8 to determine
the actual amount of leakage. A cylinder with a leakage of more than 1.6 glh shall not be
used.
NOTE. For cylinder there may occur insignificant leakages that are impracticable to detect under normal production
conditions even if the operator makes great efforts with suitable equipment. For this reason a leakage of not more
than 1.5 g of escaped gas per hour is considered acceptable . A leakage of 1.5 g/h clearly manifests itself and can be
check-measured by immersing a cylinder in water and using a special graduated glass as shown in Figure 8.
10.4
Handling and storage of cylinders
10.4.1
Handling of cylinders
Unless otherwise specifically required, filled cylinders shall be handled in the
10.4.1.1
vertical position. Cylinders shall be placed so that the safety relief valve is always in direct
communication with the vapour space.
Cylinders shall be handled with care, at all times avoiding damage to the cylinder
10.4.1.2
and to the valve.
Conversion scale:
cm%min
7.0
G LP Gash
1.022
7.5
1.095
8.0
1.168
8.5
1.241
9.0
1.314
9.5
1.387
10.0
1.460
10.5
1.533
11.0
1.606
Figure 8. Check for gas leakage in cylinder
Valve outlet plugs or caps shall not be removed without making sure that the
10.4.1.3
cylinder valve is closed.
Valves on empty cylinders shall be closed and where a valve protecting cover is
10.4.1.4
supplied it shall be in place.
10.4.1.5
No attempt shall be made to heat a cylinder.
Tests for suspected leaks shall be made using a gas detector or soapy water
10.4.1.6
BUT NEVER WITH A NAKED FLAME.
67
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
10.4.2
Storage of cylinder
10.4.2.1
The layout of the cylinder store shall be such as to facilitate quick removal of
cylinders in case of emergency and the safety distances in Figure 7 shall be observed.
10.4.2.2
Cylinders shall not be in proximity to corrosive or highly flammable substances.
10.4.2.3
When cylinders are stored outside, precautions shall be taken to:
a)
provide them with clean dry standing;
b)
prevent access by unauthorised persons; and
c)
prevent accidental damage by vehicles etc.
10.4.2.4
Cylinders shall be stored only in a place with adequate floor level ventilation.
10.4.2.5
Cylinders shall always be stored at or above ground level and away from
basements, drains, hollows, etc. where vapour might collect.
10.4.2.6
Cylinders shall not be exposed to excessive heat.
10.4.2.7
Fire appliances shall always be available and shall be kept convenient to and
outside the store.
10.4.2.8
Cylinders in store shall have valves closed even though they may be empty.
10.4.2.9
Cylinders shall be stacked in storage in such a manner that all cylinders are at all
times accessible for inspection and that any cylinder may be readily removed. Cylinders shall
be placed so that the safety relief valve is always in direct communication with the vapour
space.
10.4.2.10 Valve caps and/or plugs, where provided, shall be in position on filled cylinders
when in storage or during transport.
10.5
Decanting
10.5.1
Restriction
This requirement relates to decanting by which transfer of product from cylinder to cylinder is
carried out, without the use of a pump, using onl y the product differential pressure. Decanting
shall be permitted only for the following situations:
a)
for legitimate sampling purposes;
b)
for evacuation of product during emergencies; and
c)
for leaking or overfilled cylinders.
Decanting for the purpose of resale or distribution is prohibited.
68
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
10.5.2
General requirements
10.5.2.1
Decanting shall be only from cylinder into cylinder.
10.5.2.2
The cylinder to be filled shall be in good condition.
10.5.2.3
Pipework, hoses and fittings used for decanting purposes shall be of highpressure quality (3.2.9). The hose shall not be more than 10 mm nominal bore and not more
than 3 m long.
10.5.2.4
There shall be prominently displayed at the decanting point with adequate
instructions for the decanting procedure which shall include a warning to stop filling as soon
as the fixed liquid level gauge indicates that the maximum permitted liquid level has been
reached.
10.5.2.5
The cylinder being decanted shall be upright and the cylinder being filled shall be
arranged for filling so that the fixed liquid level gauge and the safety relief valve are exposed
to the vapour space.
10.5.2.6
Persons experienced in the decanting operation shall be in attendance
throughout such operation.
10.5.3
Security
When decanting equipment in an area accessible to the public ceases to be under general
supervision, as when closing for the night, the dispensing point shall be protected from
tampering by one of the following:
a)
the whole of the decanting equipment including the cylinder shall be stored in a
locked ventilated enclosure outside any building; or
b)
decanting apparatus shall be removed for secure indoor storage and the
operating valve shall be rendered inaccessible to the public.
10.5.4
Location and safety distances
The decanting point shall be located outdoors and the following safety distances from the
decanting point shall be maintained:
a)
to an opening into a building: 2 m;
b)
to an ignition source: 10 m;
c)
to buildings or to any flammable materials stored above ground on neighbouring
property: 5 m;
d)
to streets and roads: 3 m; and
e)
dispensers for any type of fuel: 3 m.
69
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
10.6
Cleanliness
10.6.1
Readily ignitable material such as weeds, long grass, or any combustible material
shall not be allowed to remain within 6 m of the cylinder filling or decanting or cylinder storage
areas.
10.7
Signs and notices
10.7.1
The following messages in the form of signs (notices maybe included if so wished)
shall be clearly displayed at the filling area or decanting point or storage area.
a)
No smoking;
b)
No naked lights;
c)
Nearby material is a fire risk; and
d)
No handphone.
Signs shall be in accordance with Annex L and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in
letters of at least 50 mm high.
70
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 11: STORAGE OF CYLINDERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE
11.1
Application
This section applies to the storage of cylinders not exceeding 125 l water capacity (55 kg LPG
nominal mass) per cylinder filled, partially filled or emptied at:
a)
dealers or retailers’ premises;
b)
commercial and industrial users' location; and
c)
dispensing station.
11.1.2
The requirements of this section do not apply to:
a)
cylinders connected for use at commercial and industrial users' location (see
Section 12); and
b)
cylinders stored in LPG charging plants (see Section 10).
11.2
General requirements
11.2.1
Cylinders in storage shall be located so as to minimise exposure to excessive
temperature rise, physical damages or tampering by unauthorised persons. Cylinders shall be
stored above normal flood levels.
11.2.2
Cylinders when stored inside buildings shall not be located near exits, stairways
or in areas normally used or intended for the safe exit of people.
11.2.3
11.2.4
Cylinder valves shall be protected in accordance with 2.8.1.
The outlet valves of cylinders in storage shall be closed by suitable caps.
11.2.5
Empty cylinders which have been in LPG service may be stored in the open.
When stored in a compartment or store they shall be considered as full cylinders for the
purpose of determining the maximum quantity of LPG permitted.
11.2.6
The walls, floors and ceilings of cylinder storage compartment shall be
constructed from materials having at least a 2 h fire resistance rating (see note). Ventilation
opening shall be in accordance to 12.2.2.7 d).
NOTE. A wall constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete, 100 mm thick, or reinforced concrete 75 mm thick is
deemed to have a 2 h fire resistance rating.
11.3
Storage within buildings
11.3.1
Cylinders shall not be stored in a building or part thereof or structures attached
thereto when the building is used as a shopping complex, departmental store, theatre,
cinema, educational institution, hotel, night-club, supermarket, clinic, club or place of worship
except for storage allowed in 11.3.2.
71
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
11.3.2
Cylinders having a maximum individual water capacity of 1.2 l, (0.5 kg LPG
nominal mass) are permitted to be stored or displayed in a building used as a shopping
complex, departmental store or hotel lobby. The display of such cylinders shall be limited to a
total of 24 units of each brand and size. The total quantity on display shall not exceed 90 kg of
LPG.
11.3.3
Storage in commercial premises
Cylinders shall only be stored in commercial premises meeting the requirements of 11.3.4
and 11.3.5. The storage shall be on ground level directly accessible to the outside.
11.3.4
Commercial premises for the storage of cylinders shall be of the detached, semidetached or terrace type of construction and shall not be more than 5 storeys and with no
basement and shall not house any of the types of occupancy specified in 11.3.1 on any floor
or part thereof. Such premises shall be separated from neighbouring premises by a solid wall
of total thickness of not less than 200 mm. The quantity of LPG stored in such commercial
premises shall not exceed 135 kg unless storage is within special compartments or rooms as
provided in 11.3.5.
11.3.5
Storage within special compartments or rooms
Special compartments or rooms in commercial premises as specified in 11.3.4 for the storage
of cylinders shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 11.3.5.1 to 11.3.5.7.
The quantity of LPG stored in any one special compartment or room shall not exceed
4 500 kg.
11.3.5.1
The walls, floors and ceilings of a cylinder storage compartment that are within or
adjacent to other parts of the building shall be constructed from materials having at least a 2 h
fire resistance rating (see note).
NOTE. A wall constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete, 100 mm thick, or reinforced concrete 75 mm thick is
deemed to have a 2 h fire resistance rating.
11.3.5.2
A portion of the exterior wall or roof having an area of not less than 10 % of that
of the combined area of the enclosing walls and roof shall be of single strength glass or other
similar explosion relieving construction.
11.3.5.3
At least one wall of the compartment or room shall be an exterior wall. There shall
be at least one door opening directly to the outside or in to a safe area of no fire risk opening
directly to the outside.
11.3.5.4
Where openings from such storage rooms to other parts of the building are
necessary and permitted, such openings shall be protected by a 1½ h non-combustible door
and no domestic habitation, sleeping accommodation or cooking activity shall be permitted on
the same floor.
11.3.5.5
Such storage rooms shall be provided with adequate defused illumination from
lighting points on the outside of the room or building.
11.3.5.6
Such storage rooms shall be ventilated both top and bottom to the exterior wall
only. The openings from such vents shall be at least 1.5 m away from any other openings into
any building. Top and bottom vent openings shall each have a total area of not less than 3 %
of the floor area.
72
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
11.3.5.7
The floors of such storage rooms shall not be below ground level. Any space
below the floor shall be of solid fill or properly ventilated to the open air.
11.3.5.8
Buildings or parts of buildings used for LPG cylinder storage shall be used for no
other purposes and be inaccessible to unauthorised persons.
11.3.5.9
LPG cylinders shall be kept in a vertical position with the valves uppermost.
11.3.5.10 LPG cylinders for domestic use shall not be stacked with more than 3 cylinders
high. Commercial LPG cylinders shall not be stacked.
11.4
Storage outside of buildings
11.4.1
Location of storage outside of buildings
Storage outside of buildings for cylinders awaiting use or resale shall be located in
accordance with the minimum safety distance in Table 9 with respect to:
a)
the nearest permanent building or group of buildings;
b)
the boundary of adjoining property which may be built upon;
c)
public roads;
d)
the boundary of adjoining property occupied by schools, places of worship,
hospitals, playgrounds or other places of public gatherings; and
e)
automotive service station fuel dispenser.
Table 9. Location of storage outside of building
Quantity of LPG stored *(kg)
Minimum safety distance (m)
Up to 220
0
221 to 2 500
3
2 501 to 4 500
6
Over 4 500
7.5
* Each lot of cylinders stored in the open separated by a solid wall of 100 mm thickness and 3 m
high can be considered separately for the purpose of safety distance clearance.
11.4.2
Cylinders shall be stored within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected
against tampering.
11.4.3
Cylinders stored outdoors shall be free from vegetation such as grass, weeds,
etc. within 3 m.
11.4.4
Cylinders shall be stored at least 6.1 m away from any automotive service fuel
dispenser and at least 2 m from the filling point or vent point of an underground container
containing flammable or combustible liquids.
73
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
11.5
Signs and notices
11.5.1
All storage areas shall clearly display a warning notice with the words 'LPG
STORE' printed in red letters on a white background. The letters of the wording shall be at
least 75 mm high and 12 mm thick.
11.5.2
The following messages in the form of signs (notices may be included if so
wished) shall be clearly displayed at all storage areas:
a)
No smoking;
b)
No naked lights;
c)
Nearby material is a fire risk; and
d)
No handphone.
Signs shall be in accordance with Annex L and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in
letters of at least 50 mm high.
74
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
12.2.2
Installation
12.2.2.1
Cylinders shall be installed on firm level and no n-combustible base and protected
from direct contact with the soil. The area surrounding the cylinders shall be kept clear of
combustible materials such as weeds, dry grass, paper, etc.
12.2.2.2
Cylinders shall be installed upright with the valves uppermost and properly
secured to prevent the cylinders from failing over. In flood prone areas, deliberate measures
shall be taken to prevent cylinders from falling over or being carried away.
Figure 9. Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders
12.2.2.3
Cylinders shall not be installed below ground level.
12.2.2.4
Where the discharge of the safety relief valve is horizontal, then the cylinders
shall be arranged such that the discharge from the safety relief valve will not impinge on a
cylinder of flexible connection.
12.2.2.5
Only authorised persons shall make, repair, alter or open connections in any LPG
cylinder installation, except for the actual connection or disconnection of cylinders.
12.2.2.6
The position of the cylinders in a manifold installation shall facilitate:
a)
changing and quick removal of any cylinder in case of necessity;
b)
access to connections and regulating devices; and
c)
operation of cylinder valves.
NOTE. A manifolded group of cylinders is a collection of cylinders connected to a central piping that is connected to
a regulator. It is noted that Figure 9 illustrates only a possible configuration for the manifolded groups of cylinders and
does not limit other design possibilities.
76
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
12.2.2.7
A specially built compartment within the building boundary but meeting the
following requirements shall be considered an outdoor installation and shall be required to
meet the safety requirements and distances for outdoor installations.
a)
The compartment shall be separa ted from the rest of the building by surrounding
walls having 4 h fire resistance rating. The separation shall be absolute in such
manner that it will have no openings of access towards the inside of the building
proper.
b)
The floor shall be of smooth concrete and at least 100 mm higher than the
ground. Rough surface which may cause sparking during cylinder handling shall
not be used.
c)
Electrical appliances installed in the compartment shall be at least suitable for
Zone 2 application and preferably located above the cylinder.
d)
Ventilation openings of at least 300 cm 2 per 1 m2 of the floor area shall be
provided and such opening shall be as closed to the floor as practicable, so as to
prevent leaking gas from accumulating inside the compartment.
e)
A door of at least 1.5 m width shall be provided with access orientated towards
the outside of the building.
12.2.2.8
Special case
A specially built compartment, meeting the minimum safety distance of Table 11 and the
following requirements, is allowed for the installation of cylinder connected for use.
a)
The surrounding walls shall be of a material with strength and fire resistance
equal to or higher than reinforced concrete of 120 mm thickness or concrete
block of 150 mm thickness.
b)
The doorway shall have a fire check door of 1½ h rating.
c)
The roof shall be light material but rigid.
d)
The floor shall be of smooth concrete and at least 100 mm higher than the
ground. Rough surface which may cause sparking during cylinder handling shall
not be used.
e)
Ventilation opening of at least 300 cm 2 per 1 m2 of floor area shall be provided
and such opening shall be as close to the floor as practicable, so as to prevent
leaking gas from accumulating inside the compartment.
f)
Electrical appliances installed in the compartment shall be explosion proof and
preferably located above the cylinder.
g)
Where two groups of cylinders are on opposite sides of the compartment, then
the separation distance shall not be less than 3 m. This distance shall be
measured from the surface of the outermost cylinders. This separation distance
may be reduced to not less than 1 m by a deflection wall in the middle of the
distance separating the two group of cylinders.
77
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
h)
The surface of cylinder in the direction of the safety relief valve discharge shall be
at least 500 mm from the wall surface.
i)
The walls made of concrete blocks shall be at least 150 mm thick and 1.8 m high
and reinforced by reinforcement bars of not less than 9 mm diameter, arranged at
intervals of less than 400 mm lengthwise and crosswise, with those reinforcing
bar in corners being firmly boarded together. Block opening shall be filled with
mortar.
Table 11. Safety distance
Aggregate water capacity of
cylinders In a manifolded group
of cylinders
(kl)
Minim um safety distance (m)
From Class I
buildings
From Class II
buildings
From a fixed ignition
source
Up to 2.5
0
0
Fixed ignition source shall
Over 2.5 to 10
3
0
not fall within Zone 0, 1 or
Over 10 to 135
13.5
10
2 area
NOTES:
1.
Class I buildings are buildings with large congregation such as shopping complexes, departmental stores,
theatres, cinemas, educational institutions, hotels, night-clubs, supermarkets, clinics, clubs or place of
worships.
2.
Class II buildings are residential dwellings.
12.3
Cylinders in use, indoor installations
12.3.1
Use inside commercial and industrial buildings
Cylinders shall not be installed inside basements (1.4.6). The aggregate water capacity of
cylinders in use inside a commercial or industrial building shall not exceed 350 l in any floor
2
2
compartment space of less than 200 m or 500 l in any 200 m of floor compartment space.
Exchange cylinders awaiting connection or used cylinders awaiting removal shall be counted
in the aggregate water capacity for the purpose of this requirement.
12.3.2
Building construction
Where LPG is to be used in the construction repair or improvement of buildings or structures
or their fixtures and portability of equipment is required, cylinders may be used, provided that
action is taken to close the valve and disconnect the hose when the LPG is not in use.
12.3.3
Demonstration or display
Cylinders may be located indoors for demonstration or display purposes under the following
conditions.
a)
Where an authorised person is in constant attendance, the aggregate water
capacity shall not exceed 80 l.
b)
Where there is no authorised person in constant attendance, the aggregate water
capacity shall not exceed 40 l.
78
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Where the limitations imposed by a) or b) are insufficient, as for an industrial demonstration,
an installation of greater water capacity shall not be used without specific approval.
12.3.4
Education
Cylinders used in doors in an educational building shall not exceed an aggregate water
capacity of 110 l.
79
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION 13: AUTOMOTIVE LPG DISPENSING STATION
13.1
Application
This section applies to storage containers, dispensing devices and pertinent equipment at
installations where LPG is dispensed into vehicle fuel containers that are permanently
mounted in accordance with 2.7 of MS 775 (see note).
NOTE. Those fuel containers which are removed from the vehicle for refilling as commonly used in forklift trucks are
analogous to changeover cylinders and are refilled at normal cylinder filling installations (Section 10). The filling of
such removable containers at automotive LPG dispensing stations is specifically forbidden (13.7.1).
13.2
Storage containers
13.2.1
Design
Storage containers shall be designed and constructed as required by Section 2.
13.2.2
Location and installation
Storage containers shall be located and installed as required by Section 5 or Section 6 as
appropriate.
13.2.3
Protection of storage containers
Aboveground containers shall be protected by crash rails or guards to prevent physical
damage, unless they are effectively protected by virtue of their location.
13.3
Piping
13.3.1
Piping may be aboveground, underground or both and shall comply with the
relevant requirements in Section 3 and 6.4.6.
13.4
Dispensing point
13.4.1
Dispenser
13.4.1.1
The dispenser whose function is to deliver liquid LPG into fuel containers
permanently mounted on vehicles shall incorporate the following components.
a)
A vapour separator to separate the vapour from the liquid stream prior to
metering.
b)
A meter to measure the volume of liquid delivered. No liquid LPG after passing
through the meter shall be capable of returning to the storage container.
c)
A differential valve which will prevent the formation of vapour beyond the vapour
separator and in the meter.
d)
A flexible dispenser hose with a filing nozzle to deliver LPG to the vehicle fuel
container.
80
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
e)
A hose break coupling which will automatically disconnect the flexible dispenser
hose from the dispenser in the event of a vehicle driving away while still
connected to the flexible dispenser hose.
f)
A device at each end of the hose break coupling to minimise the escape of LPG
in the event of the disconnection of the hose break coupling.
g)
Hydrostatic relief valves to prevent overpressure in any part of a system in which
liquid LPG may be trapped between closed valves in normal operation.
h)
A pump switch for controlling electrically a remotely mounted pump.
i)
A special handle or switch (dead man's handle) which allows delivery of LPG only
when the handle or switch is depressed.
j)
Emergency shut-off valves located at the end of the liquid and vapour return lines
beneath the dispenser that will actuate automatically in the case of damage to the
dispenser, e.g. by a moving vehicle.
13.4.1.2
The dispenser shall have a feature to prevent unauthorised use or tampering.
13.4.1.3
A twin hose dispenser (duo) may be installed.
13.4.2
Filler nozzle
Filler nozzle shall be compatible with the filler valve specified in MS 775 and shall be
equipped with means to:
a)
maintain a gas tight seal with the vehicle filler valve without continuous effort on
the part of the operator to hold the nozzle;
b)
effect a positive shut off; and
c)
prevent the discharge of LPG except when the nozzle is properly connected to
the vehicle filler valve.
13.4.3
Dispenser hose
13.4.3.1
The dispenser hose shall not be longer than 5 m and shall comply with the
requirements of 3.2.9.
13.4.3.2
The dispenser hose shall be supported in such a way that direct tension on the
dispenser is minimal and means provided to enable the hose to be kept off the ground when
not in use.
13.4.4
Location
13.4.4.1
The dispenser shall be installed at minimum safety distances from other facilities
in accordance with Figure 3 and Figure 5 as appropriate.
81
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
13.4.4.2
The dispenser shall be mounted on a concrete foundation constructed in the
following manner to protect the dispenser from vehicle damage:
a)
Each foundation shall be of a height of at least 150 mm and above the
surrounding ground.
b)
Each foundation shall extend not less than 300 mm on all sides of the dispenser
or in lieu of this, protective bollard poles in accordance with Annex M may be
used.
13.4.4.3
No dispenser shall be installed inside any building.
13.5
Transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container
13.5.1
The procedures for the transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container shall
comply with the requirements of Section 8.
13.6
Signs and notices
13.6.1
The following messages in the form of signs (notices may be included if so
wished) shall be clearly displayed on, or adjacent to and readable from, each dispenser:
a)
No smoking;
b)
No naked lights;
c)
Nearby material is a fire risk; and
d)
No handphone.
Signs shall be in accordance with Annex L and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in
letters of at least 50 mm high.
13.6.2
The following messages in the form of warning notices shall also be clearly
displayed:
a)
Switch off engine and all electrical equipment;
b)
Apply handbrakes; and
c)
Restart engine only after dispensing hose is disconnected.
13.7
Procedure for dispensing of LPG into fuel containers of vehicles
13.7.1
Restricted dispensing
Containers other than permanently mounted vehicle fuel containers shall not be filled from
fuel dispensing units which are used for public dispensing at automotive LPG dispensing
stations.
82
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
13.7.2
Attended service
All persons operating the dispenser shall be adequately trained in refuelling procedures
outlined in Annex N and shall be instructed in the use of LPG facilities as well as being well
versed in the emergency procedures given in Annex P.
13.7.3
Self service stations
13.7.3.1
In all cases, a responsible person in charge must be present in the self service
station during operation.
13.7.3.2
Remote control emergency shut off valves(s) must be installed in a system which
is (are) operable from the office of the responsible person in charge.
13.7.3.3
Delivery of LPG may only be possible when the responsible person in charge
permits the operation of the dispenser.
13.7.3.4
Simple operating instructions for filling must be displayed on or near the
dispenser accompanied by explanatory illustrations.
13.7.3.5
It must be possible for the responsible person in charge to be in communication
with the customer at the pump.
13.7.4
Emergency procedures
A notice in accordance with Annex P shall be prominently displayed adjacent to each remote
shut off point for the liquid outlet valve of the container and readable from that point.
The notice shall have a white background; the heading ‘LPG Emergency procedure' shall be
in red letters of at least 40 mm high; sub -headings ‘Gas leak' and 'Fire' shall be in red or dark
lettering of at least 20 mm high, the text shall be in red or dark lettering of at least 7 mm high.
13.7.5
No vehicle shall be parked within 3 m of any dispenser other than for the purpose
of refuelling.
83
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
SECTION
14:
PRECAUTIONS
14.1
ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTROSTATIC
HAZARD
Application
This section covers requirements for the selection, installation and maintenance of electrical
equipment for use in areas where LPG is stored or handled and that are therefore potentially
hazardous. It does not apply to electrical equipment of LPG systems on vehicles.
14.2
Classification of hazardous areas
14.2.1
In order to determine the type of electrical equipment appropriate to a particular
situation, it is necessary to classify the area according to the degree of probability of the
presence of a dangerous atmosphere, i.e. an atmosphere containing a significant quantity of
flammable gas or vapour in a concentration capable of ignition.
14.2.2
Hazardous areas are classified into the following zones as defined (see note):
Zone 0. An area in which any flammable atmosphere is continuously present, or present for
long periods, in concentrations within the lower and upper limits of flammability.
Zone 1. An area in which a dangerous atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operating
conditions.
Zone 2. An area in which a dangerous atmosphere can occur only in abnormal conditions and
not in normal operation.
NOTE. The definitions for the area classification are based on the general definitions given in BS EN 60079-10 and
have interpreted in the light of the particular conditions that apply in the petroleum industry.
14.2.3
By implication an area that is not classified Zone 0, 1 or 2 is deemed to be a nonhazardous or safe area with respect to this standard. In safe areas normal industrial types of
electrical apparatus can be installed.
14.3
Extent of classified areas
14.3.1
The extent of classified areas shall be as shown in Table 11. In the application of
classified areas, a classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof or other
solid vapour tight partition.
14.4
Electrical equipment
14.4.1
The selection, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment (including
electrical apparatus, instrumentation and telecommunication equipment) for use in classified
areas specified in Table 12 shall comply with the recommendations of the following standards
or codes:
a)
British Standards Specifications and Codes of Practice relating to equipment for
use in hazardous areas (see Annex A); or
b)
any equivalent standards or codes acceptable to the relevant authority.
84
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
14.4.2
Electrical equipment is conveniently divided into various types which can then be
related to use in the various zones defined in 14.2.2. The types of electrical equipment which
may be used in the various zones are:
a)
Zone 0. Only intrinsically safe certified apparatus and circuits.
b)
Zone 1:
c)
i)
intrinsically safe certified apparatus and circuits;
ii)
flame-proof equipment;
iii)
increased safety equipment; and
iv)
pressurised and continuous dilution equipment.
Zone 2:
i)
specially selected industrial, non-incendive or restricted breathing
equipment; and
ii)
all types of equipment for use in Zone 0 or Zone 1.
Electrical equipment must be tested and certified by the relevant authority as being
intrinsically safe flameproof, etc.
14.4.3
Wiring and cables which may be exposed to a flammable atmosphere must be
suitably enclosed. Not all conduits systems are suitable, only those using solid-drawn or
seamwelded steel conduits screwed into flame-proof fittings as set out in BS 4683: Part 2 or
equivalent standard are acceptable. Metal sheathed armoured cable in which a cable or
group of cables is enclosed in a lead sheath which is itself protected by a helical wrapping of
wire or metal tape can also be used in flammable atmospheres. Mineral insulated metal clad
cables can also be used.
Suitable sealing glands and compound failed boxes must be used with these forms of wiring;
otherwise the terminations are not flameproof. Types of wiring and cables that may be used
for installations in hazardous areas shall comply with the appropriate requirements of
BS EN 60079-10 and BS EN 60079-14 of equivalent standard.
14.4.4
Earthing and bonding
Earthing and bonding of all electrical equipment shall comply with the requirements of
BS EN 60079-10 and BS EN 60079-14.
14.4.5
Electrostatic hazard precautions
14.4.5.1
An effective earthing point and/or bonding connection shall be provided at the
storage site for discharging static electricity from bulk tank vehicles, prior to commencing the
delivery operation.
14.4.5.2
Storage containers greater than 2.5 kl water capacity shall be electrically earthed
as a protection against the accumulation of static electricity and should have electrical
continuity with the earth required in 14.4.5.1 or preferably it should be a common earth. The
5
resistance to earth shall not exceed 1 x 10 O.
85
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
14.4.5.3
Pipelines and hoses conveying liquid LPG shall have electrical continuity and be
effectively connected to earth. Attention is drawn to the need to ea rth the ball and actuating
lever of ball valves where non-conducting seals and gland packings are employed.
14.4.6
Main electrical isolator
All electrical equipment shall be linked to main isolators which shall be clearly marked.
86
Table 12. Electrical equipment classified areas
Location
Extent of classified area
Storage containers other than cylinders
Relief valve discharge
Area Classification
a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from the container connections or shell.
Zone 1
b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all directions from the container connections or shell.
Zone 2
a) Within direct path of discharge.
Fixed electrical equipment shall
not be installed
Zone 1
c) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 in all directions from point of discharge.
Zone 2
a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from point of discharge.
Zone 1
b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all directions from point of discharge.
Zone 2
a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from a point where connections are regularly made or
disconnected for product transfer.
Zone 1
b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all directions from a point where connections are
regularly made or disconnected and within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal
equator of the sphere and ground (see Figure 10).
Zone 2
a) Within 1.5 m in all directions.
Zone 1
i) Outdoors in open air, at or aboveground level
b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all directions from the equipment and within the
cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator of the sphere and ground (see Figure 10).
Zone 2
ii) Indoors with adequate ventilation (see note
2)
iii) Indoors without ventilation
Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour - tight partition.
Zone 1
a) Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour-tight partition.
Zone 1
b) Within 4.5 m of the exterior side of any exterior wall or roof that is not vapour tight or
within 4.5 m of any exterior opening.
Zone 2
a) Entire space within dispenser enclosure and 450 mm horizontally from enclosur e exterior
up to height of 1.5 m above dispenser base. Entire pit or open space beneath dispenser.
Zone 1
b) Up to 450 mm aboveground level within 6 m horizontally from any edge of enclosure. For
pits within this area, see the requirements for ‘pits or trenches’ below.
Zone 2
Tank vehicle loading and unloading (see note
1)
Pumps, compressors, gas- air mixers
vaporisers (other than direct fired):
and
Automotive LPG dispensing station dispensing
units
88
MS 830:2003
b) Within 1.5 m in all directions from point of discharge.
Gauge vent openings
87
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking pro
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networkin
Table 12. Electrical equipment classified areas (Continued)
Extent of classified area
Location
Area classification
Pits or trenches containing or located
beneath
valves,
pumps,
LPG
compressors,
regulators and similar
equipment
i) Without mechanical ventilation
ii) With adequate mechanical ventilation
Special compartments or rooms for
stories of cylinders
Pipelines and connections containing
operational bleeds, drips, vent or drain
a) Entire pit or trench.
Zone 1
b) Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour-tight partition.
Zone 2
c Within 4.5 in in all directions from pit or trench when located outdoors.
a) Entire pit or trench
Zone 2
Zone 2
b) Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour-light partition.
Zone 2
c) Within 4.5 in in all directions from pit or trench when located outdoors
Zone 2
Entire room
Zone 2
a) Within 1.5 in in all directions from point of discharge.
Zone 1
b) Beyond 1.5 in from point of discharge:
Same as for sites i), if) and iii) of'pumps, compressors, gas-airs mixers and vaporisers'.
Container filling
i)Indoors with adequate ventilation (see
note 2)
ii) Outdoors in open air
a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from a point where connections are regularly made or
disconnected for product transfer.
Zone 1
b) Beyond 1.5 m and entire room.
Zone 2
a) Within 1.5 in in all directions from a point where connections are regularly made or
disconnected for product transfer.
Zone I
b) Beyond 1.5 at but within 4.5 in in all directions from a point where connections are
regularly made or disconnected and within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal
equator of the sphere and ground (see Figure 10).
Zone 2
NOTES:
1. When classifying extent of hazardous area, consideration shall be given to possible variations in the spotting of lank vehicles at the unloading points and the effect these
sanctions of actual spotting point may have on the point of connection.
2. Where specified for the prevention of fire or explosion during normal operation, ventilation Is considered adequate where provided in accordance with the requirements of
this standard.
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Figure 10. Extent of classified area (see Table 12)
89
MS 830:2003
SECTION 15: FIRE PROTECTION
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
15.1
Application
This section covers requirements for fire protection of LPG installations.
15.2
General
15.2.1
This section has been written on the basis of the following propositions:
a)
The overall fire protection requirements of an installation should be considered as
providing two clear and distinct functions. One is fire fighting i.e. to control and
extinguish any fire that may occur. The other is heat protection i.e. to protect
containers and ancillaries from being overheated by a fire.
b)
The subject of fire fighting falls into two further sub-divisions. One is the first-aid
provision, quickly available to cope with the incidental small fire in the general
vicinity of the storage or perhaps a burning gas leak. The other is the larger and
more complex class of equipment capable of dealing with a comparatively serious
fire.
c)
Heat protection requirements are oriented mainly towards various forms of water
cooling which is the most familiar method. However some recognition is given to
the less well-known methods i. e. insulating or burying and requirements will be
developed as information accumulates.
d)
The scale of the fire-fighting equipment is related to an assessment of a number
of factors which might or might not be cumulative. The requirements of this
section should therefore be considered as being the basic requirements for
average installation conditions. The relevant authority may require a higher level
of protection or may permit less protection according to an analysis of a particular
sire. Consideration would be based on the following factors amongst others:
15.2.2
i)
hazard conditions within the particular installation;
ii)
the relative density of occupation of the surroundings;
iii)
hazard to or from other pr operties;
iv)
the water supply;
v)
the probable effectiveness of plant fire brigades; and
vi)
the response time and probable effectiveness of the public fire.
Use of existing facilities
Where fire protection facilities would have been required on the site irrespective of the
presence of LPG, the facilities needed to cater for the various independent needs may be
integrated to avoid duplication, provided that specific approval has been obtained.
90
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
15.2.3
System compatibility
Fire protection equipment such as hoses, connectors, booster connections, foam compound
and the like should be compatible with that of the local fire brigade.
15.2.4
Location
Fire protection equipment shall be located so as to be reasonably adjacent to the risk
pro tected and accessible in an emergency.
15.2.5
Portable fire extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers (see notes) shall comply with MS 566 and MS 1179 as
appropriate.
NOTES:
1. Foam extinguishers are not suitable for LPG fires because these products are gaseous at normal atmospheric
temperatures.
2. Heavier types of fire extinguishers that are wheeled for portability are not covered by standards but should comply
as far as possible with the appropriate standard from the above list.
15.2.6
Hydrant systems
A hydrant system shall comply with MS 484 and the following requirements.
a)
Hydrants shall be located so that each container is within reach under any
conditions of fire and wind and the cooling effect is optimised (see note).
NOTE. Best results are achieved by locating two hydrants at diagonally opposite locations relative to the container.
b)
For each hydrant at least one hose and hose fitting, plus one combine jet/spray
hose nozzle shall be provided.
c)
Hoses and fire hydrants shall be maintained in accordance with requirements of
the relevant authority.
15.2.7
Water supply
The water supply system for fire protection shall comply with the following requirements.
a)
Where a garden hose system is specified, it shall consist of at least a 19 mm
nominal size hose of non -kink type and the hose length shall not exceed 30 m.
The hose system shall be located at a point not more than 18 m from the
container. The hose shall be fitted with a 6 mm bore nozzle and permanently
connected to a water supply ready for immediate use. The water supply shall be
capable of giving a throw of 6 m from the hose nozzle and a discharge rate of
25 l/min.
b)
Water for fire protection shall be provided by town mains wherever practicable.
91
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
c)
Where town mains exist but cannot supply adequate pressure or quantity a
booster pump connection shall be provided.
d)
Alternatively, to the above, or where a town mains supply is unavailable static
water supply and pump shall be provided on the premises.
e)
A static water supply shall be capable of providing at least 2 h of running time for
the entire fire protection system (see notes).
NOTES:
1. Return water channelled back to a reservoir from, a cooling system may be taken into account in the calculation of
the durability of a static water supply system.
2. An existing dam, river or lake or the sea, may be taken into consideration as static storage if sufficiently
convenient. However, the possible effect of short term or long term of water level variation should be kept in mind.
15.2.8
Supplementary protection equipment
Any supplementary protection equipment required shall consist of either a fixed water spray
system or fixed water monitors, able to apply cooling water to the containers at a rate not less
than 10 l/min per square metre of total surface area of the container to be cooled. The system
shall be adequate to supply the three largest containers of a multiple container installation,
unless heat or flame impingement from one container cannot affect the others. In addition the
supplementary protection equipment shall comply with the following requirements.
a)
The supports of water spray system shall be effectively cooled by themselves
being the water carriers, or by being covered by water spray cooling, or they shall
be effectively insulated.
b)
A spray system which is automatically operated shall include provision for manual
operation and the means of manual operation shall be accessible under all fire
conditions.
c)
Automatic systems operated by vapour pressure are not recommended and shall
not be installed with multi-container installations which have a common vapour
line.
d)
An automatic system shall be designed to fail-safe with the water supply on.
Control of water shall be possible from outside any danger area.
e)
A pumping and supplementary fire protection system shall be tested at intervals
of not longer than 1 week and a record of tests shall be kept.
f)
The installation shall be such that return water from a cooling system does not
endanger foundations by scouring.
15.2.9
Use of insulation
Insulation may be used to provide part of the supplementary heat protection where required
for container and the insulating effect may be credited in order to reduce the cooling water
required, provided that:
a)
the cooling water supplied to the containers is not less than 2 l/min per m of total
surface area of the container;
2
92
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
b)
the insulation, if of a type which is susceptible to deterioration by water logging,
water erosion, or general weathering, is protected; and
c)
the insulation is of a type specifically designed for the purpose.
NOTES:
1. Some refractory types will fracture if subject to rapid temperature rise, certain other granular insulation materials
may be lost if a retaining jacket warps or bursts under the influence of heat.
2. The relevant authority may require regular checks of the container surface to ensure that corrosion has not
occurred under the insulation.
15.2.10
Control of LPG leaks and fires
Annex Q illustrates procedures to control LPG leaks and fires. It is not intended to be an
exhaustive treatment of the subject and should not be interpreted as precluding other
procedures which would enhance safe LPG operations.
15.3
Container storages and installations
15.3.1
Aboveground container
An installation of aboveground uninsulated LPG containers shall be equipped in accordance
with Table 13.
15.3.2
Underground mounded containers
An installation of underground containers of 8 k or less total water capacity shall be provided
with a garden hose system. Where the storage capacity exceeds 8 kl garden hose system,
one fire extinguishers of minimum 144 BC or of minimum 9 l of water/foam shall be provided.
15.3.3
Tanker transfer area
An area in which a tanker may stand while either loa ding or unloading LPG or from a
container storage in excess of 125 kl, water capacity shall be provided with a hydrant system,
or fixed sprinklers or monitors capable of covering the entire standing area.
15.3.4
Automotive LPG dispensing stations
Each au tomotive LPG dispensing station shall be provided with two fire extinguishers of
minimum 144 BC or of minimum 9 l of water/foam, in addition to the fire protection required
for the appropriate storage capacity elsewhere in this section.
15.4
Cylinder storages and installations
15.4.1
Storage capacity above 500 kg
A storage of cylinders which may contain more than 500 kg of LPG shall be provided with not
less than one garden system ready for immediate use, where the water supply is adequate.
Alternatively, two fire extinguishers of 144 BC minimum rating or of minimum 9 l of water/
foam shall be provided .
93
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
15.4.2
Storage capacity above 5 000 kg
A storage area which may contain more than 5 000 kg shall in addition to the requirements of
15.4.1, be provided with a system of fire hydrants in accordance with 15.2.6.
15.4.3
Installed cylinders
Fire protection shall be provided for installed cylinders and shall comply with either 15.4.1 or
15.4.2 according to capacity.
15.5
Gas leakage and detection
15.5.1
Gas leakage or suspected gas leakage shall be checked by the use of a gas
detector, soapy water or by smell BUT NEVER WITH A NAKED FLAME.
15.5.2
Permission to resume work in affected or suspected gas-affected areas shall be
subject to satisfactory gas detector readings.
15.5.3
Flammable gas detectors shall be used only by competent personnel,
remembering always that LPG vapour is heavier than air.
NOTE. The location classes for the purposes of Table 13 mean:
Class A: Buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable and
combustible liquids (Class I and Class II) public road or railway exist within 20 m of any LPG component.
Class B: No buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable
and combustible liquids (Class I and Class II), public road or railway within 20 m of any LPG component.
Class C: No buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable
and combustible liquids (Class I and Class II), public road or railway within 500 m of any LPG component.
94
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Table 13. Fire Protection
Total capacity of
installation
(kl)
Type of
LPG
Class A location
Class B location
Class C
location
Vapour
One 19 mm hose or
one fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
No mandatory
requirement.
No mandatory
requirement.
Over
Up to
0
8
0
8
Liquid at
automotive
LPG
dispensing
stations
If petrol also
dispensed, one 19 mm
hose or one fire
extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam, in addition
to the protection
already required for
petrol dispensing. If
LPG only, the hose
plus the extinguisher.
If more than two
containers, a hydrant
system.
If petrol also dispensed,
one 19 mm hose or one
fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam, in addition
to the protection already
required for petrol
dispensing. If LPG only,
the hose plus the
extinguisher. If more
than two containers, a
hydrant system.
One 19 mm
hose or one fire
extinguisher of
minimum 144
BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
0
8
Liquid other
applications
One 19 mm hose or
one fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam. If more
than two containers a
hydrant system.
One 19 mm hose or one
fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
One 19 mm
hose or one fire
extinguisher of
minimum 144
BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
8
16
Any
One 19 mm hose or
one fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam. If more
than two containers a
hydrant system.
One 19 mm hose or one
fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
One 19 mm
hose or one fire
extinguisher of
minimum 144
BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
16
125
Any
One 19 mm hose plus
one fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam plus one
hydrant system.
One 19 mm hose or one
fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
One 19 mm
hose or one fire
extinguisher of
minimum 144
BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam.
125
500
Any
As above, plus a
supplementary
protection system.
One 19 mm hose and
one fire extinguisher of
minimum 144 BC or of
minimum 9 l of
water/foam and one
hydrant system.
Any
As above, plus static
water supply and a
booster pump
connection.
Specific approval of the
system.
500
95
MS 830:2003
SECTION 16: DESIGN AND USE OF MOBILE GAS -FIRED EQUIPMENT
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
16.1
General
The design, construction, permitted wheel loadings , equipment and other requirements
common to all vehicles should conform to the relevant sections of the current Motor Vehicles
Construction and Use (Vehicles carrying Petroleum Products) Regulation and other
legislations where applicable. Attention should be paid to adequate braking systems.
16.1.2
This section gives recommendations for the safe use of LPG on mobile
equipment such as road planing machines, agricultural flame cultivators and similar
applications where fuel is carried on the vehicle.
16.1.3
This section shall not cover:
a)
LPG storage vessels on vehicles where the LPG is providing the motive power for
the vehicle.
b)
the units having nominal capacities exceeding 8 kl water capacity.
16.2
Position of LPG vessels on vehicles
16.2.1
For mobile equipment involving the use of open flames the storage vessel should
be positioned at the maximum practicable distance from the burner and combustion zone. In
no instance should this distance be less than 3 m measured in plan. For open name
applications the storage vessel should be protected from direct radiation from the flame or
any heated structure either by position or by the provision of a suitable fire-resistant. Heatprotective shield, in order that under all operating conditions the temperature of the contents
do not exceed the design reference temperature of the vessel detailed in BS 5355.
16.2.2
Storage vessels should not be positioned inside the vehicle or the driver's cab
nor should they be enclosed by any superstructure other than that spe cified in 16.2.1, which
should not prevent adequate ventilation.
16.2.3
Vessels up to 130 l water capacity may be installed as following.
a)
External to the vehicle and positioned to avoid radiant heat.
b)
In a compartment used only for storage of the containers and fittings immediately
associated with it having adequate ventilation to atmosphere and completely and
permanently sealed from the remainder of the vehicle.
c)
The tank may be situated in a compartment isolated from the remainder of the
vehicle having adequate ventilation to atmosphere. The safety relief valve with
fixed maximum liquid level indicator if this incorporates a gas bleed and the filler
connection must be extended by suitable tubing to the outside of the vehicle.
16.2.4
Readily ignitable material should not be placed in compartments used for the
storage of the containers and the fittings immediately associated with them.
16.2.5
Vessels should be mounted correctly orientated with respect to their connection
and fittings. Where integral mountings are not provided, identification should be given on the
vessel showing the correct mounting position.
96
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
16.2.6
Where filling connections are inaccessible from ground level safe and adequate
access ladders, platforms, grabrails, etc. should afford the driver ease of access to make the
connections when carrying the filling hose.
16.2.7
Vessels should not be exposed to radiated heat from the vehicle exhaust system
or from any ancillary engine. The use of heat insulation should be considered where
necessary.
16.3
Protection
16.3.1
Vessels and their fittings should be protected by position or other means against
physical impact. Where this requirement cannot be met by positioning alone substantial
collision bars or other suitable protection shoul d be provided.
16.3.2
Vessel fittings should be provided with a positive means of denying access, e.g. a
ventilated hinged cover which is capable of being locked in the closed position or a blank
flange or plug on the connections.
16.3.3
Vessels should be securely attached to the vehicle preferably by means of
integral mounting brackets or by purpose build cradles metal straps or bonds. Mounting
structure should be fabricated in steel and designed to permit secure attachment to the
vehicle or trailer chassis.
16.3.4
The vehicle should be equipped with at least two 9 kg fire extinguishers of the dry
powder type which should be readily accessible from outside the vehicle. Road planers and
appliances using liquid LPG offtake should be provided with minimum of two dry powder fire
extinguishers of 9 kg capacity each, one mounted on either side of the vehicle and both
accessible from outside the vehicle.
16.4
Pipework valves and fittings
16.4.1
Basic design requirements and material specifications for pipe valves and fitting
should be carried out in accordance with Section 3.
16.4.2
features:
All liquid and vapour outlets of the vessel shall be equipped with the following
a)
fusible links; and
b)
emergency shuts off valves.
16.4.3
Pipelines should be properly supported and securely attached to the structure of
the vehicle and also have adequate flexibility to accommodate vibration or movement within
the vehicle chassis.
16.5
Refuelling procedures
16.5.1
The following procedures refer to the transfer of LPG from road tank vehicles to
the storage tanks on mobile gas -fired equipment and should be incorporated in the standard
instructions issued to the user and the tanker driver. The whole transfer operation shall be the
responsibility of an engineer responsible for the project of operation. The engineer
responsible or a competent person nominated by him must be present on site to supervise
the whole transfer operation.
97
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
NOTE. A competent person is a person who has been formally trained in the properties, handling and safety of
LPG meeting the provisions of 8.2.2.
16.5.2
Selection and preparation of transfer site.
The user is responsible for selecting and preparing in advance of delivery, a suitable site for
the transfer operation which should, whenever practicable, be a large, well ventilated area
having a radius of at least 25 m. Good practice will require consideration of the following
factors before making a selection.
a)
Access should be denied to the public, where practicable, by coning off a zone
within the area and by the erection of clear signs stating 'BAHAYA - GAS
SEDANG DIISI - DILARANG MEROKOK' and to incorporate a hazard warning
sign for flammable gas as shown in Annex H. This zone must be reasonably level
and of such a size as to allow at least 7.5 m between its perimeter and any part of
the equipment and road tanker involved in the transfer operation, except as
permitted by 16.5.2 k).
b)
The zone must be free of drains, pits, manholes, ventilation openings and open
road works and sources of ignition.
c)
Tunnels, tunnel approaches, bridges, cuttings and roundabouts are prohibited
areas.
d)
Sections of highways passing through urban areas, or near interchanges should
be avoided.
e)
Refuelling within 25 m of premises which are likely to be occupied at all times
(such as hospitals, homes for the elderly or handicapped, prison blocks of flats,
hotels), is prohibited.
f)
The transfer area should not be in the vicinity of any premises when the area is
occupied by significant numbers of persons (such as schools, town centres,
shopping centres, office blocks, factories, railway or bus stations). When not
occupied however e.g. at night or at weekends, such sites may be considered. It
is probable that their use, particularly in urban areas will only be possible by
making local arrangements.
g)
The transfer area should not be near other potential hazards, e.g. oil or other
flammable substances storage.
h)
The zone should be cleared of all rubbish and any readily ignitable material.
i)
Wherever possible, public roads, except highways, should be avoided and
depots, approved parking areas or open spaces should be chosen.
j)
On open highways, i.e. sections of highways other than those referred to in
16.5.2 d) one lane of clear separation should be coned off to separate other
vehicles from the mobile gas -fired equipment and road tanker during refuelling.
98
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
k)
Where it is not possible to achieve the full 25 m separation distance during
refuelling, but refuelling is not prohibited under 16.5.2 b) to j), the presence of up
to a time weighted average of 5 persons other than employees can be accepted
within 25 m and outside the barriered 7.5 m zone. This would permit refuelling in
sparsely populated areas or on Iightly used roads with occasional passing traffic.
The reference to a time weighted average of five persons means that in such
circumstance refuelling will not have to be stopped solely, for example, owing to
the passage through the area of two cars in quick succession or a bus.
NOTE. Although the user is responsible for selecting the refuelling site, both he and the tanker driver should have
the authority to refuse to accept the site selected.
16.5.3
Action to be taken by the user before the transfer operation commences
The following procedures an d precautions together with the provisions of 8.5.2 shall be
effected before transfer of LPG.
a)
Any substantial accumulation of tar, dirt or flammable waste should be removed
from the LPG storage tank mounted on the machine.
b)
Unimpeded access must be provided for all control valves before filling
commences.
c)
The main LPG isolating valve and valves on the storage tank of the equipment
must be closed and the pilot burners extinguished.
d)
If, on arrival of the LPG tanker, the equipment is operating, then transfer of LPG
is not permitted until:
i)
the main LPG isolating valve and the valves on the equipment LPG fuel
tank have been closed;
ii)
all burners and pilot lights have been extinguished;
iii)
the equipment has been moved at least 25 m from its operating site; and
iv)
a period of 10 min has elapsed after the burners have been extinguished.
e)
Any fires on or in the vicinity of the vehicle or equipment e.g. tar fires around road
planers, or vegetation fires around flame cultivators, must be extinguished before
the transfer operation commences. To meet this requirement, the burners must
be raised or made accessible for inspection.
f)
Before the transfer operation commences, the equipment engines must be
switched off and electrical equipment isolated.
g)
The fire extinguisher(s) carried by the mobile gas -fired equipment should be
demounted and placed upwind adjacent to the perimeter of the coned area in a
readily accessible position.
h)
The equipment operation operator must remain in attendance throughout the
entire refuelling operation and must dismount from the vehicle.
99
MS 830:2003
16.5.4
Actions to be taken by the user during transfer operation
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
The procedures and precautions shall follow the provisions of 8.5.3.
16.5.5
Actions to be taken by the user after transfer of liquid
The procedures and precautions shall follow the provisions of 8.5.4.
16.5.6
Timing of delivery
In the interests of safety the best time to deliver is when the equipment is cool and parked.
16.5.7
Road tanker driver’s responsibilities
The driver must ensure the following:
a)
The users’ responsibilities have been implemented.
b)
At least two ‘Safety Warning’ notices have been positioned at strategic points on
the perimeter of the transfer zone facing outwards.
c)
One fire extinguisher should be dismounted from the road tanker vehicle and
placed on the ground upwind at the perimeter in a readily accessed position.
d)
The surroundings are checked visually before transfer begins to ensure that no
unusual or dangerous situations exist e.g. bonfires, stubble burning, etc..
e)
Any accumulated static electricity on a road tanker and the mobile gas-fired
equipment should be discharged to earth. The tank on the road tanker should
then be electrically bonded to the equipment LPG tank before connecting transfer
hose.
f)
He remains in attendance throughout the entire refuelling operation.
g)
When gauges indicate that the receiving tank has almost reached its maximum
filled capacity the filling rate shall be reduced.
h)
The fixed level gauge shall be used to determine when the maximum permissible
level has been reached and filling must cease at this point.
16.6
Maintenance
16.6.1
When in use daily inspections should be made of all valves rigid and flexible.
16.6.2
Flexible hoses carrying liquid LPG or vapour above 470 kPa should be subjected
to annual retest in accordance with 3.2.9.6.
16.6.3
Particular attention should be directed to the general cleanliness of the
equipment, any accumulation of flammable waste or other material in the vicinity of the LPG
vessel or ancillary equipment should be removed.
16.6.4
The operation of all gas -fired equipment should be checked at frequent intervals
and immediate steps taken to rectify any operational faults.
100
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
16.6.5
Thorough regular maintenance should be carried out on the vehicle and ancillary
equipment.
101
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex A
(normative)
Normative references
The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the editio n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the normative references (including any amendments) apply.
A1.
Malaysian Standard
MS 217, Method for the hydrostatic strength testing of liquefiable and other compressed gas
cylinders
MS 484, Code of practice for hydrant systems
MS 566, Code of practice for fire fighting installations and equipment: Part 3 Portable fire
extinguisher
MS 641, Specification for LPG cylinders up to 1000 pounds water capacity without electricarc welded longitudinal seam
MS 642, Specification for LPG cylinders up to 1000 pounds water capacity with electric -arc
welded longitudinal sea
MS 775, Specification for LPG fuel systems in internal combustion engines
MS 761, Code of practice for the storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids
MS 1179, Specification for portable fire extinguishers
MS 1409, Specification for emergency triangular reflector for motor vehicles
MS 1513: Part 5 : Sub-Part 2, Packaging – Transport of dangerous goods: Part 5
Consignment procedures: Sub -Part 2: Marking, labelling and placarding
MS 1553, Code of practice on wind loading for building structure
A2.
British Standards
BS 4683, Specification for electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres - The construction
and te sting of flameproof enclosures of electrical apparatus
BS 5252, Framework for colour co-ordination for building purposes
BS 5355, Specification for filling ratios and developed pressures for liquefiable and permanent
gases
BS EN 50021, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres. Type of protection
"n"
102
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
BS EN 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmosphere classification of
hazardous areas
BS EN 60079-14, Electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines.
BS EN 1057, Copper and copper alloys. Seamless, round copper tubes for air conditioning
and refrigeration. Tubes for piping systems
BS PD 5500, Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels.
A3.
Australian Standards
AS 1210, Unfired pressure vessels code
AS 2832.2, Guide to the cathodic protection of metals. Part 2: Compact buried structures.
AS 3894.1, Site testing of protective coatings. Method 1: Non-conductive coatings Continuity testing - High voltage (“brush”) method.
National Association of Corrosion Engineers. NACE RP 0188: Discontinuity (holiday) testing
of protective coatings. Houston: NACE.
A4.
American society for testing and materials
ASTM A47, Standard specification for ferritic malleable iron castings
ASTM A106, Standard specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for high temperature
services
ASTM A182, Standard specification for forged or rolled alloy -steel pipe flanges, forged fittings,
and valves and parts for high-temperature service
ASTM A395, Standard specification for ferritic ductile iron pressure-retaining castings for use
at elevated temperatures
ASTM A539, Standard specification for electric-resistance welded coiled steel tubing for gas
and oil pipes
ASTM D2513, Standard specification for thermoplastic gas pre ssure pipe, tubing, and fittings
ASTM D2683, Standard specification for socket-type polyethylene fittings for outside
diameter-controlled polyethylene pipe and tubing
ASTM D3261, Standard specification for butt heat fusion polyethylene (PE) plastic fitti ngs for
polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe and tubing
103
MS 830:2003
A5.
Canadian Standards Association
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Z245.20-98, External fusion bond epoxy coating for steel pipe.
Z245.21-98, External polyethylene coating for pipe.
A6.
ISO Standard
ISO 4437, Buried polyethylene (PE) pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels -- Metric series -Specifications
A7.
American Petroleum Society
API RP 521, Guide for pressure-relieving and depressurising systems
API RP 520, Sizing, selection and installation of pressure-relieving devices in refineries
104
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex B
(normative)
Properties of LPG
B1.
Approximate properties of LPG
B1.1
Source of property values
B1.1.1
The property values for the LPG are based on average industry values and
include values for LPG coming from natural gas liquid plants as well as those coming from
petroleum refineries. Thus, any particular commercial propane or butane might have
properties varying slightly from the values shown. Similarly, any propane-butane mixture
might have properties varying from those obtained by computation from these average values
(see B1.2 for computation method used) Since these are average values, the
interrelationships between them (i.e. kg per litre. specific gravity, etc.) will not cross-check
perfectly in all cases.
B1.1.2
Such variations are not sufficient to prevent the use of these average values for
most engineering and design purposes. They stem from minor variations in composition. The
commercial grades are not pure propane or bu tane, or mixtures of the two but may also
contain small and varying percentages of ethane. ethylene, propylene, iso-butane or butylene
which can cause slight variations in property values. There are limits to the accuracy of even
the most advanced testing methods used to determine the percentages of these minor
components in any LPG.
B1.2
Approximate properties of LPG
The principal properties of commercial propane and commercial butane are shown in Table
14. Reasonably accurate property values for propane -butane mixtures may be obtained by
computation, applying the percentages by mass of each in the mixture to the values for the
property it is desired to obtain. Slightly more accurate results for vapour pressure are
obtained by using the percentages by volume. Very accurate results can be obtained using
data and methods explained in petroleum and chemical engineering data books.
B2.
LPG testing
B2.1
Testing for ammonia contamination
LPG which may be contaminated with anhydrous ammonia is tested as follows.
a)
Allow a moderate vapour stream of the product to be tested to escape from the
container. A rotary, slip tube or fixed level gauge is a convenient vapour source.
b)
Wet a piece of red litmus paper by pouring distilled water over it while holding it
with clean tweezers.
c)
Hold the wetted litmus paper in the vapour stream from the container for 30 s.
d)
The appearance of any blue colour on the litmus paper indicates that ammonia is
present in the product (see note).
105
MS 830:2003
NOTE. Since the red litmus paper will turn blue when exposed to any basic (alkaline) solution care in making the
test and interpreting the results is required. Tap water, saliva perspiration of hands that have been in contact with
water having a pH greater than 7 or with any alkaline solution will give erroneous results.
Table B1. Approximate properties of LPG
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Property
Commercial
propane
Commercial
butane
20 'C
1 000
220
b)
40 °C
1 570
360
c)
45 °C
1 760
385
d)
55 °C
2170
580
Specific gravity
0.504
0.582
Initial boiling point at 1.00 atm. pressure, °C
. 42
-9
Weight per cubic meter of liquid at 15.56 'C, kg
504
582
1.464
1.276
0.271
0.235
0.539
0.410
Vapour pressure in kPa (absolute pressure) at
a)
Specific heat of liquid, kilijoule per kilogram, 15.56 °C
Cubic meter of vapour per litre of liquids at 15.56 'C
Cubic meter of vapour per kilogram of liquid at 15.56 °C
Specific gravity of vapour (air=1) at 15.56 'C
Ignition temperature in air, °C
Maximum flame temperature in air, 'C
1.50
2.01
493 to 549
482 to 538
1 980
2008
2.15
1.55
9.60
8.60
428
388
216
226
92430
121 280
49 920
49 140
25430
28 100
Limits of flammability in air, % of vapour in air-gas mixture
a)
lower
b)
upper
Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point
a)
kilojoule per kilogram
b)
kilojoule per litre
Total heating values after vaporisation
a)
kilojoule per cubic meter
b)
kilojoule per kilogram
c)
kilojoule per litre
NOTE. Values in this table are values which are generally acceptable in the LPG industry for commercial propane
and butane.
106
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex C
(normative)
Pressure testing of pipework at LPG installations
C1.
Connections between container or cylinder and first-stage
regulator
C1.1
Testing of the connection between storage containers or cylinders and the firststage regulator shall be made at 1 925 kPa (275 psi) (gauge) using soapy water solution to
detect leaks at all joints.
There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 1 h.
C2.
All other pipework
C2.1
or C2.3
All other pipework not provided for in C1 shall be tested in accordance with C2.2
C2.2
Low pressure pipework
Pipework operating at pressures not exceeding 3.5 kPa (gauge) shall be tested with air or
nitrogen at a pressure of 140 kPa (20 psi) (gauge), using soapy water solution.
There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 30 min.
C2.3
High pressure pipework
Pipework operating at pressures exceeding 3.5 kPa (gauge) shall be tested with air or
nitrogen at pressure of 350 kPa (50 psi) (gauge), using soapy water solution.
There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 1 h.
107
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex D
(normative)
Rate of discharge for safety relief valves on containers
D1.
Minimum rate of discharge
D1.1
The minimum required rate of discharge in cubic metres per minute of air at 120
% of the maximum permitted start to discharge pressure for safety relief valves to be used on
uninsulated containers may be determined as follows:
F = 10.64 A
0.82
where,
F
is the required flow capacity of the valve in cubic metres per minute of air at 15 °C and
101.5 kPa (absolute); and
A
is the total outside surface area of container in square metres.
D1.2
When the surface area is not stamped on the nameplate or when the marking is
not legible the area can be calculated by using one of the following formulas:
a)
cylindrical vessel with hemispherical heads;
area = overall length x outside diameter x 3.1416
b)
cylindrical vessel with semi-ellipsoidal heads; and
area = (overall length + 0.3 outside diameter) x outside diameter x 3.1416
c)
spherical container.
area = (outside diameter)2 x 3.1416
D1.3
Typical rates of discharge for safety relief valves on containers with total outside
2
surface areas up to 1 000 m , are given in Table D1. For intermediate values of surface area
the rate of discharge may be interpolated.
108
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Table D1. Rate of discharge for discharge for safety relief valves on containers
Surface area
(m2 )
Flow rate
(m3 /min)
Surface area
(m 2 )
Flow rate
(m3 /min)
Surface area
(m 2 )
Flow rate
(m 3 /min)
5
40
20
124
100
465
6
46
21
129
150
648
7
52
22
134
200
820
8
59
23
139
250
985
9
64
24
144
300
1 143
10
70
25
149
400
1 448
11
76
30
173
500
1 738
12
82
35
196
600
2 018
13
87
40
219
700
2 290
14
93
45
241
800
2 555
15
98
50
263
900
2 815
16
103
60
306
1000
3 069
17
109
70
347
18
114
80
387
19
119
90
426
109
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex E
(normative)
Rate of discharge for safety relief valves for LPG
vaporisers (other than atmospheric)
E1.
Minimum rate of discharge
E1.1
The minimum required rate of discharge for safety relief valves shall be
determined as follows.
a)
Obtain the total surface area by adding the surface area of vaporiser shelf in
square metres directly in contact with LPG and the heat exchange surface area in
square metres directly in contact with LPG.
b)
Obtain the minimum required rate of discharge in cubic metres of air per minute,
at 15 °C and 101.5 kPa (absolute) from Annex D for this total surface area.
110
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex F
(normative)
Deflection walls
A + B = Minimum safety distance
X + Y = Minimum safety distance
Figure F1. Location of deflection walls
111
NIS 830:2003
Annex G
(normative)
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Emergency procedure guide
(for vehicles carrying dangerous goods)
VEHICLES FIRE
If this happens
Do this
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave IT,
No smoking or naked lights:
Use fire extinguisher. if available; and
E ng i ne Fi re
Smother blaze; e.g. use sand or earth or large amounts of waler.
If unable to control fire, move people from the area:
Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police; and
Tell them location, material in load and quantity.
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave off';
No smoking or naked lights;
Throw out burning material;
,q
Use fire extinguisher, if available; and
Ca b i n F i re
Smother blaze . e .g. us e sand or earth or la rg e amounts of wate r.
If unable to control fire. move people from the area:
Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police: and
Tell them location. material in load and quantity.
i
112
IS 830:2003
If this happens
Do this
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave'off;
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
No smoking or naked lights;
Use fire extinguisher if available, or smother blaze by using sand, i
earth or large amounts of water, except where cargo requires'
special procedures: and
Tr
ay
^^,
Confine fire. If possible, throw off burning materials or remove
other materials from area of fire. It this is not possible. keep goods
cool by spraying with water, if available.
If unable to control fire, move people from the area,
Send messen g er to notif y, fire bri g ade and p olice .; and
I'
Tell them location, material in toad and quantity.
Stop vehicle;
Assess fire and its extent in relation to the load and its hazards;
Flood lyre with water, it available;
After flooding, quickly remove tyre from vehicle if possible:
Tyre Are
Place tyre 15 m from vehicle; it may later burst into flames; and
If fire cannot be put out or tyre removed, start driving again
carefully until burning rubber is thrown off.
If unable to control fire, move people from the area:
Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police; and
Tell them location, material in load and quantity.
Stop vehicle;
Assess fire and its extent in relation to the load and its
hazards;
Allow brake drum to cool or flood with water if available;
and
B
rake Drum O ver
hea t ing
Don't drive vehicle until brake has been dismantled,
inspected, and if necessary, repaired.
If fire develops and unable to control:
Move people from the area;
Send messenger to notify fire bridge and police: and
Tell them location, material in load and quantity.
113
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
EMERGENCY C ONTACT
Organisation
location
aeie hone
114
Ask for
MS 830:2003
Annex H
(normative)
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Emergency procedure guide
LI Q UEFIED PETROLEUM
(LPG)
Colourless gas with a smell like town gas.
Gas is transported under pressure as a liquid in tankers
and cylinders.
Liquid vaporises rapidly on release and spreads steadily
along the ground.
Gas is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas.
LABEL 2A
'HAZARDS
Liquid and gas highly flammable;
Gas forms explosive mixture with air;
Liquid vaporises rapidly on release and spreads steadily
along the ground;
Fire Exposure
Gas causes dizziness and drowsiness; and
Vaporising liquid causes frostbite even through normal
gloves.
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave
off until vapour hazard is removed;
Spill or leak
If available. use outside' Emergency Stop' handles: and
No smoking or naked lights within 70 in
1
116
MS 830:2003
If this happens
Do this
Move people from the area. Move upwind:
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Avoid breathing vapour and contact with liquid or gas;
Stop leaks if possible;
If possible, separate leaking container and stand so that orb
gas escapes;
Spill or leak
Spray water to disperse gas cloud but avoid playing water
directly on leaking containers as this will increase
leakage;
Prevent spillage from spreading or entering underground
drains by banking with sand or earth;
Don't start the vehicle engine or other engines and/or
operate electrical equipment in the area; and
Inform the fire brigade and police.
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave
'off' until vapour hazard is removed:
Move people from the area. Move upwind;
Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police. Tell
them location, material and quantity;
Fire
Attempt to out off source or gas rather than put out fire;
Remove containers from vehicle if not in area of fire, or
remove other materials to prevent spread of fire to
containers; and
If fire gels out of control, evacuate area and warn against
entry.
Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave
'off' until vapour hazard is removed;
Move people from the area. Move upwind;
Check for spills or leaks;
I nkerNelfidie
Accident
Send messenger to notify police and fire brigade. Tell
them location, material and owner. Indicate condition of
vehicle and any damage observed;
Don't start the vehicle engine or other engines and/or
operate electrical equipment in the area; and
If tanker is on fire, evacuate area and warn against entry
116
MS 330:2003
FIRST AI D
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
^-
Remove patient to fresh air, lay down, and rest;
It patient is not breathing, make sure airway is clear and
applies artificial respiration. Oxygen may be given, aut
only under supervision of a trained person;
Gassing
Keep patient warm; and
Call doctor at once or transport to doctor or hospital.
Hold eyes open and wash continuously with water Wr at
(east 15 min; and
es
Transport to doctor or hospital.
Immediately wash affected area with plenty of water to
prevent frostbite; and
in
Transport to doctor or hospital.
EMERGE NCY CONTACT
Organisation
Location
,
117
Telephone
Ask for
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Table J3. Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers
(over 5 kl water capacity)
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Liquid
temperature
Density at 15 °C, kg/l
0.500
0.570
Commercial
propane
0.520
0.540
0.560
0.580
Commercial
butane
0.590
Maximum filling percentage
(°C)
-20
80
80
83
84
84
87
87
-10
82
82
84
85
86
88
89
0
84
84
86
87
88
90
90
5
85
85
88
88
89
91
91
10
86
87
89
89
90
92
92
15
88
88
90
90
91
93
93
20
89
89
91
91
91
94
94
25
91
90
92
93
93
95
95
30
92
92
94
94
94
96
95
35
94
94
95
95
95
96
99
40
95
95
97
97
97
98
99
45
97
97
99
98
98
99
99
50
99
99
99
99
99
121
MS 830:2003
Table A. Maximum filling percentage for underground /mounded
containers ( all capacities)
Density at 15 °C, kg/l
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Liquid
temperature
^
0.500
0.510
Commercial
propane
°C)
+
0.520
0.540
0.560
!
0.580
Commercial
butane
0.590
Maximum filling percentage
-20
82
82
84
85
86
J
88
89
-10
84
F
84
86
87
88
F
90
90
86
1
I
86
88
89
89
92
92
87
90
90
90
93
93
0
I
f
!
5
87
TO
88
88
91
91
91
93
94
15
90
90
93
92
92
94
94
F
1
20
+^
91
91
93
93
93
95
95
25
92
92
94
94
94
96
96
30
94
94
96
96
96
97
97
35
96
96
97
97
97
98
95
40
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
45
99
99
`J
122
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex K
(normative)
Procedures for visual inspection and requalification of cylinders
K1.
Application
K1.1
This annex gives a method of visual inspection and requalification of LPG
cylinders designed and constructed in accordance with MS 641 or MS 642.
K2.
Formal periodic requalification of cylinder
K2.1
Cyli nders when used in LPG service must be retested or requalified 12 years
after date of manufacture and every 7 years thereafter if the modified hydrostatic retest
method is used or every 5 years thereafter if given a complete external visual inspection. The
modified hydrostatic retest is done at twice the working pressure.
K2.2
Cylinders must not be filled after the retest becomes due until the cylinder has
satisfactorily passed a visual requalification and/or a modified hydrostatic retest and been so
stamped.
K3.
General
K3.1
Preparation for inspection
K3.1.1
Rust, scale, caked paint, etc. should be removed from that part of the exterior
surface where corrosion is evident so that the surface can be adequately observed.
K3.1.2
Means shall be provided for inverting the cylinder to facilitate inspection of the
bottom. This is important because experience has shown this area to be the most susceptible
to corrosion.
K3.1.3
Cylinders shall be checked for corrosion, general distortion, leaks, fire damage or
any other defects that might indicate a weakness which would render it unfit for service.
K3.2
Inspection equipment
K3.2.1
Exterior corrosion, denting, bulging, gouges or digs are normally measured by
simple direct measurement with scales or depth gauges. A rigid straight edge of sufficient
length may be placed over the defect and a scale used to measure the distance from the
bottom of the straight edge to the bottom of the defect.
K3.2.2
There are also available commercial depth gauges which are especially suitable
for measuring the depth of small cuts or pits. It is important when measuring such defects to
use a scale which spans the entire affected area.
123
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
K4.
Visual inspection
K4.1
Dents
K4.1.1
Dents in cylinders are deformation caused by the cylinders coming in contact with
a blunt object in such a way that the thickness of metal is not materially impaired.
K4.1.2
Dents are of concern where the metal deformation is sharp and confined, or
where they are near a weld. Where metal deformation is not sharp, dents of larger magnitude
can be tolerated.
K4.1.3
Rejection rules
a)
Where denting occurs so that any part of the deformation includes a weld, the
maximum allowable dent depth shall be 6.5 mm.
b)
When denting occurs so that no part of the de formation includes a weld the
cylinder shall be rejected if the depth of the dent is greater than 1/10 of the
average diameter of the dent.
K4.2
Cuts, gouges and digs
K4.2.1
Cuts, gouges or digs in cylinders are deformations caused by contact with a
sharp object in such a way as to cut into or upset the metal of the cylinder, decreasing the
wall thickness at that point. In addition, they raise the stress of the steel.
K4.2.2
When measuring cuts gouges or digs, the upset metal should be removed or
compens ated for so that only actual depth of metal removed from the cylinder wall is
measured.
K4.2.3
Rejection rules
a)
When the defect is less than 75 mm in length, reject the cylinder where the defect
exceeds that shown in Table K1, Column 1.
b)
When the defect is 75 mm or more in length, reject the cylinder where the defect
exceeds that shown in Table K1, Column 2.
K4.3
Bulges
K4.3.1
Cylinders are manufactured with a reasonably symmetrical shape. Cylinders
which have definite visual bulges shall be remove d from service.
K4.4
Corrosion
K4.4.1
Corrosion or pitting in cylinders involves the loss of wall thickness by corrosive
media. There are several kinds of pitting or corrosion to be considered.
K4.4.2
Isolated pitting of a small cross-section does not effectively weaken the cylinder
wall but may lead to complete penetration and leakage. If the pitting is isolated, the original
wall is essentially intact.
124
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
K4.4.3
Rejection rules
a)
A cylinder shall be rejected when the isolated pits have penetrated to a depth in
excess of that shown in Table K1, Column 3.
b)
Figure K1 gives a suggested method of measuring isolated pitting.
K4.4.4
Line corrosion is when pits are not isolated but are connected or nearly
connected to others in a narrow band or line. This condition is more serious than isolated
pitting. Line corrosion frequently occurs in the area of intersection of the footing and bottom of
a cylinder. This is sometimes referred to as ‘crevice corrosion'.
K4.4.5
Rejection rules
a)
For line corrosion 75 mm or longer in length the depth of the deepest pit shall not
exceed the limits shown in Table K1, Column 2.
b)
When the cylinder surface has line corrosion less than 75 mm long the maximum
measured pit depth shall not exceed the limits shown in Table K1, Column 1.
c)
Depth measurement of line corrosion can be done in accordance with Figure K1.
K4.4.6
General corrosion is that which covers considerable surface area of the cylinder.
It reduces the structural strength. It is often difficult to measure or estimate the depth of
general corrosion because direct comparison with the original wall cannot always be made.
General corrosion is often accompanied by pitting and does not always follow a definite
pattern. Where there is appreciable pitting in areas of general corrosion, the pitted depth may
usually be considered to be about twice the general corrosion thickness loss.
K4.4.7
Rejection rules
a)
A cylinder shall be rejected when the cylinder is generally corroded and the
deepest pit measurement exceeds that shown in Table K1, Column 4.
b)
Figure K2 gives a suggested method of measuring general corrosion.
c)
If a cylinder passes a visual inspection and it is subsequently determined that the
tare mass is less than 95 % of the original tare mass the cylinder shall be
rejected. To determine existing tare mass the cylinder shall be completely
emptied and all coatings removed to the bare metal. (A tare mass in excess of
95 % of the original tare mass is no indication that the cylinder is requalifiable,
hence the necessity for visual inspection).
K4.5
Leaks
K4.5.1
Leaks may originate from a number of sources, such as defects in a welded or
brazed seam, defects at the threaded opening or from sharp dents, digs, gouges or pits.
K4.5.2
To check for leaks, th e cylinder must be charged and carefully examined. All
seams and pressure openings shall be coated with a soap or other suitable solution to detect
for escape of gas.
125
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
K4.5.3
Rejection rules
Any leakage, other than leakage at thread connection which can be corrected by tightening is
cause for rejection. Where repair is undertaken it shall be resumed to the cylinder
manufacturer.
K4.6
Fire damage
K4.6.1
Cylinders shall be carefully inspected for evidence of exposure to fire.
K4.6.2
Common evidences of exposure to fire are:
a)
charring or burning of the paint or other protective coat;
b)
burning or discoloration of the metal;
c)
distortion of the cylinder; and
d)
burning or melting of valve.
K4.6.3
Rejection rules
Cylinders which have been subjected to fire must be requalified, reconditioned or repaired by
the manufacturer of the cylinder or by the repair facility authorised by the Department of
Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). If the protective coating on the cylinder is only
discoloured from smoke or debris and it is found by examination that the coating is intact, the
cylinder need not be considered to have been affected by the fire exposure and thus is not
subjected to the heat treatment and retest requirements. Valves and safety devices on such
cylinders, however, should be examined to determine that they are functioning properly and
should be replaced if necessary.
K4.7
Neck defects
K4.7.1
Cylinder necks shall be examined for cracks and flaws. Neck cracks are normally
detected by testing the neck during charging operations with soapy water solution.
K4.7.2
Cylinder neck threads shall be examined whenever the valve is removed from the
cylinder. During manufacturing, cylinders have a specified number of full threads of proper
form as required by applicable thread standards.
J4.7.3
Rejection rules
Cylinders shall be rejected if the required number of threads is materially reduced or if a gas
tight seal cannot be obtained by reasonable valving methods. Common thread defects are
worn or corroded crests, broken threads, nicked or cut threads.
126
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
I
r
I
Original
,,,all thickness
Remaining
wall thickness
Maximum loss of wall due
to gifting and corrosion
For isolated pits or line corrosion, measure the corrosion depth of these areas by bridging across, resting the straight
edge on uncorroded surface with a pit gauge or other suitable device as shown. A number of points should be
measured to determine the deepest penetration.
Any corrosion that cannot be measured with a pit gauge because of its proximity to the footring should be gauged
with a scriber. The short right-angle point is ground to a length of 125 mm. The other is ground to a length 25 mm.
These points are to be used to approximate depths of pits and corrosion by eye as shown.
Figure KS. Suggested method of measuring isolated pitting
127
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
CIS 830:2003
Original
surface
L r-':d
Pitted and corroded exiernai
surface as seen by visual insoection
Remaining
wail Thickness ^'
O
For general corroded areas measure the corrosion depth as shown in Figure K1. In taking this measurement there
will be no original uncorrected surface as a reference. However. past experience has shown that the pitting rate is
twice the general corrosion rate, i.e. the maximum depth of penetration based on original surface is 1' times the
deepest pit. Use the actual depth of pit measured, since Column 4 of Table K1 automatically incorporates the extra
50 % general corrosion loss.
d is the measured pit depth
r4 d is the general corrosion thickness (no longer visible)
1',`e d is the total loss of metal thickness
Remaining wall thickness is the original wall thickness minus 11/e d
Figure K2. Suggested method of measuring general corrosion
128
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Table K1. LPG cylinder damage limits
DOT
Water
Inside
Overall
cap
dia.
length
(kg)
(mm)
(mm)
Minimum
original
thickness
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Column 4
Line corrosion
cuts, gouges or
digs more than
75 mm in length
or general
corrosion
Line corrosion
cuts, gouges or
digs more than
75 mm in length
Isolated pits
Pits in
general
corrosion
area
code
Shell
Head
Shell
Head
Shell
Head
Shell
Head
Shell
Head
(mm)
(mm)
<B- 240
21.6
300
370
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
0.65
0.65
1.75
1.75
0.87
0.87
<BA-240
21.6
300
370
1.95
1.95
0.97
0.97
0.47
0.47
1.30
1.30
0.65
0.65
<B- 240
65
300
962
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
0.65
0.65
1.75
1.75
0.87
0.87
<BA-240
65
300
962
1.95
1.95
0.97
0.97
0.47
0.47
1.30
1.30
0.65
0.65
100
400
875
4.37
7.82
2.17
3.90
1.07
1.95
2.90
5.20
1.45
2.60
<B- 240
123
400
837
3.87
4.67
1.92
2.32
0.95
1.15
2.57
3.12
1.27
1.55
<B- 240
108.6
362
1 118
3.12
3.12
1.57
1.57
0.77
0.77
2.07
2.07
1.05
1.05
<BA-20
108.6
362
1 118
2.17
2.17
1.10
1.10
0.55
0.55
1.45
1.45
0.72
0.72
<B- 240
163
450
1 000
4.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
2.67
2.67
1.32
1.32
26- 150
or- 300
900
26- 150
462
1 018
or- 300
139.5
425
1 012
5.00
5.00
2.50
2.50
1.25
1.25
3.32
3.32
1.65
1.65
<B- 240
271
550
1 212
4.77
4.77
2.37
2.37
1.17
1.17
3.17
3.17
1.57
1.57
<B- 240
325
600
1 200
5.20
5.22
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
3.47
3.47
1.72
1.72
<BA-240
325
600
1 562
3.55
3.55
1.77
1.77
0.87
0.87
2.35
2.35
1.17
1.17
<B- 240
454.5
725
1 215
6.27
6.75
3.15
3.37
1.57
1.67
4.20
4.50
2.07
2.25
<BA-240
454.5
725
1 387
4.30
4.30
2.15
2.15
1.07
1.07
2.85
2.85
1.42
1.42
NOTES:
1. For any cylinders not listed above select one with the same diameter and DOT Code from this table and use those limits.
2. For these cases where the original thickness is known to exceed the specification minimum the values in Columns 1
through 4 may be increased by an amount equal to the excess thickness.
K4.8
General distortion
K4.8.1
Noticeable distortion may be evaluated by reference to the clauses under denting
or bulging. If the valve is noticeably tilted the cylinder shall be rejected.
K4.9
Appurtenances
K4.9.1
Footrings and headrings of cylinders should be examined to determine that they
are in serviceable condition. Distortion of the footring through service abuse may prevent it
from supporting the cylinder properly in an upright and stable position. Likewise distortion of
the head ring could prevent it from protecting the cylinder valve. In addition to distortion
footrings and headrings shall be examined for looseness and failure of welds.
K4.9.2
Appearance may often warrant rejection of cylinder.
129
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
K4.9.3
Repairs to footrings and headrings must be made only by a cylinder
manufacturer of the same type of cylinder or a cylinder repair facility authorised by DOSH.
K5.
Inspection report form
K5.1
The visual inspection report form (see Figure K3) shall contain the following
information:
a)
date of inspection (including month and year);
b)
specification number;
c)
cylinder identification:
d)
i)
registered symbol and serial number;
ii)
date of manufacture; and
iii)
ownership symbol (if needed for identification).
type of cylinder coating whether painted, galvanised, etc.:
i)
statement as to need of refinishing or recording.
e)
conditions checked (i.e. leakage. corrosion. gouges dents or digs broken or
damaged footrings, protective ring or fire damage); and
f)
disposition of cylinder:
i)
returned to service;
ii)
scrapped; and
iii)
return cylinder to manufacturer or repair facility for repair.
130
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networkin
FIVE YEAR VISUAL INSPECTION
REPORT
Date Aa.,...,^..^.,,.
e ..............w..,.w.
Protective
c oating
idenaiicution
Serial
So
PuunbeI
f2aC6
mf
Spec.
namber
Symbe+l
Name of
manufacturer
Type
Condition
M spasis
Cy linder ctrecked for
F``^
a
d0
o'
4
a
°'
Ci
J
`
xo^
(see)
(code)
Date
Inspect
Inspactor's
initials
Disposition cod
OK Return to service
SC Scrap
RM Return to ma ufacttne ru. xpa^
Figure 1(3. Visual inspection report from
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex L
(normative)
Fire safety signs
L1.
Standard safety signs
Sign
Meaning
Smoking is prohibited
Fire, naked light and smoking are prohibited
Nearby material is a fire risk
No handphone
132
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
L2.
Standard shapes, sizes and colours
L2.1
The geometric shapes and sizes shall be as shown in the layout below:
L2.2
The following safety colours are to be used for fire safety signs:
Colour
BS 5252 reference
Red
0.4E53 •
Yellow
0.8E53 •
10E51
10E55
• Indicates the preferred colour
133
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex M
(normative)
Protective bollard poles
M1.
Construction of bollard poles
M1.1
The bollard pole shall be constructed from 80 mm diameter mild steel pipe with
concrete infill and encased by a 100 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride pipe (other suitable nonsparking material may be used). The space in between the mild steel pipe and polyvinyl
chloride pipe shall be filled with lean concrete.
M1.2
A 300 mm x 300 mm x 6 mm mild steel plate shall be welded to the end of the
bollard pole that is buried in the ground. The other end shall be suitably capped to remove
any sharp edges.
M1.3
The bollard pole shall be at least 1.35 m long and securely buried vertically to a
depth of at least 450 mm and at least 900 mm shall extend above the ground. The bollard
pole shall be buried in a concrete footing of at least 450 mm x 450 mm x 600 mm [see
Figure M1 a)].
M2.
Arrangement around dispenser
M2.1
At least four bollard poles shall be placed around the dispenser in a square
arrangement as shown in Figure M1 b) and the poles shall be spaced at a maximum of 1 m
apart.
134
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Figure M1. Protective bollard poles for dispenser
135
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex N
(normative)
Refuelling procedures at automotive LPG dispensing stations
N1.
The following are instructions for attendants filling vehicle fuel containers with
LPG.
N1.1
Do not fill the vehicle unless:
a)
there is no smoking or name within 6 m of the vehicle;
b)
the vehicle ignition is switched off;
c)
there are no obvious leaks or faults in the LPG equipment of the vehicle and the
gas dispensing system; and
d)
the vehicle filler valve is in good condition.
N1.2
Do not leave the vehicle unattended during the filling operation.
N1.3
Connect the filler nozzle.
N1.4
Securely replace the protective cap on the vehicle filler valve at the end of the
filling operation.
N1.5
If a continuous gas escape is apparent when the filler nozzle is disconnected, the
non -return valve has malfunctioned, probably because of dirt under the seat. Reconnect the
nozzle and operate it briefly to clear the seat. If this proves unsuccessful seal the vehicle filler
valve with a metal cap. Advice the driver to have the fault rectified immediately.
N1.6
At the end of the day's work, before the site or automotive LPG dispensing
stations closed down, check all dispensing equipment to ensure that storage container valves
are closed, hoses are properly stowed and electrical equipmen t is switched off.
NOTE. Protective gloves are to be available on the site for use during an emergency.
136
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex P
(normative)
LPG emergency procedures
Gas leak
a)
shut emergency stop;
b)
close all valves of containers;
c)
keep bystanders away;
d)
no smoking;
e)
no naked lights;
f)
no engine to be started;
g)
phone fire brigade (insert telephone number of local fire station);
h)
phone (inserts LPG distributor’s name and all-hours number); and
i)
isolate power at main switchboard.
Fire
a)
shut emergency stop;
b)
phone fire brigade (insert telephone number of local fire station);
c)
phone (Insert LPG distributor’s name and all-hours number);
d)
close all valves of container;
e)
keep bystanders away;
f)
isolate power at main switchboard; and
g)
follow fire-fighting instructions.
137
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Annex Q
(normative)
How to control LPG leaks and fires
As in any emergency situation it is of paramount importance to avoid endangering human life
in event of fire involving or exposing LPG equipment or serious leakage of LPG without fire. It
is very beneficial to invite local fire department personnel to the plant to familiarise them with
the plant location means of entrance location of valves and other safety features and to
suggest possible ways of handling emergencies.
Basic precautions
1.
Approach the fire or gas leak upwind
2.
Keep all persons out of vapour cloud area. If necessary to evacuate any area which
is in the part of the vapour cloud, do so immediately, eliminating all sources of ignition at the
same time.
3.
Police the area, keep all persons except those necessary to cope with the condition
completely out of the area, but in no case less than the distances shown.
138
MS 830:2003
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Leakage without fire
1.
If escaping LPG is not burning close any valve available that can stop the flow of gas.
Small lines such as copper tubing could be flattened to stop the flow. If a LPG vehicle is
involved, consult the driver; or if storage facilities are involved, consult plant personnel
regarding possibilities of shutting off leaks.
2.
Water spray is effective in dispersing LPG vapour. If available it should be used as
soon as possible, directing the spray stream across the normal vapour path and dispersing
the vapour into a safe location Those handling the hose should avoid entering the vapour
cloud and should keep low behind the spray so that they will be somewhat protected from
radiant heat if the vapour should be ignited unexpectedly.
3.
In some instances of leakage from a tank without a fire, it may be desirable to move
the tank to some remote area such as a blocked -off isolated roadway or open field where it
can leak safely away from a source of ignition. However if this is done, the tank should be
moved only in an upright position. Never drag the tank in a manner which might damage
valves or piping. Any attempt to turn a tank upright for moving it to some remote location
should be done carefully to avoid damage to valves and piping and preferably under cover of
water spray.
139
MS 830:2003
Leakage with fire
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
1.
Do not extinguish unless leakage can be stopped, except under certain conditions.
2.
If the escaping gas is on fire, apply large quantities of water as quickly as possible to
all surfaces exposed to heat. Approach the tank(s) from the sides. Concentrate on piping and
metal surfaces of vessels or adjoining vessels equipment or combustible surfaces exposed to
flame or intense of the tank(s) shell (see step 7). If a number of tanks are involved use
additional streams from the opposite sides for adequate cooling.
3.
Consult driver of vehicle or plant-operating personnel (as the case may be) regarding
possibilities of shutting off fuel supply. Stopping the flow of gas should be the first
consideration after water cooling is established.
4.
If the only valve that can be used to stop the flow of fuels is involved in the fire
consider the possibility of effecting shut off by protecting firemen with water fog steams
protective clothing and gloves while they are closing the valve. Proceed slowly to avoid any
flashbacks or trapping firemen in the flames.
140
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
5.
The controlled burning of escaping LPG (which cannot be shut off by closing a valve)
is a commonly accepted fighting practice. Application of sufficient water to keep the shell of
the vessel and piping cool will allow the fire to consume the product in the tank without danger
of causing failure.
6.
Dry chemical portable extinguishers are effective for extinguishing small LPG fires.
Extinguishing agent should be directed towards point of vapour discharge. Carbon dioxide
may also be used.
7.
Failure of LPG tanks usually occurs only when some portion of the metal surface in
the vapour space of the vessel becomes over-heated softens and weakens to the point that it
will not contain the pressure of the products. In the absence of sufficient water to keep the
metal surface cool where it is exposed to direct flames or extreme radiant heat, there is
danger of the tank rupturing.
141
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
8.
When sufficient water is not available to keep the tank cool, where excessive heat is
present, some warning of increased pressure may be noted from the increase in volume of
the fire or of noise level. This should be a signal to consider withdrawal of all men to a safe
area.
9.
Shooting holes in a LPG tank that is involved in fire does not serve any useful
purpose and should not be permitted.
10.
Where possible, remove container from area before flames of burning building reach
the container. It may be advisable to move the container under cover of water spray. It should
be moved in only an upright position. Never drag it in a manner that might further damage
valves. Any attempt to turn the tank upright to remove it to some remote location to facilitate
product withdrawal should be done carefully to avoid damage to valves and piping.
142
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
MS 830:2003
Exposure to fire
1.
It is always important to control any exposure to fire. In addition, when LPG storage
vessels or equipment are subjected to serious fire exposure such as from a nearby burning
building or a fire involving another fuel. It is of prime importance to apply sufficient water to
keep the shell of the vessel and piping cool to avoid any unnecessary release of LPG.
2.
If the LPG storage vessel becomes heated to the point of causing the relief valve to
function, the discharge should be allowed to burn if it becomes ignited. At the same time,
continue to apply large volumes of water to the vessel and piping to keep them cool and to
allow the relief valve to close after the excess pressure has been relieved.
3.
Portable LPG cylinders that are exposed to a fire should be moved, if feasible, to a
safe location.
143
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Licensed to TECHNIP GEOPRODUCTION (M) SDN BHD / Downloaded on : 23-Mar-2012 11:30:05 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
Acknowledgements
Ir Ahmad Fauzi Hasan (Chairman)
Puan Lee Hooi Lan (Secretary)
Encik Kamarul Azril
Encik Ahmad Fauzi Awang/
Encik Mohd Firdaus Zainal Abidin
Encik Azmi Tamat/
Encik Wan Mohamad Zaidi Wa n Isa/
Encik Ahmad Puad Kamaruddin
Encik Sree Skandarajah V.
Encik Mohd Ismail Md Yunus
Encik Hambali Husain
Puan Amy Abrizah Abd Aziz
Ir Zahamail Omar
Cik Teoh Oon Leng
Prof Madya Dr Zulkefli Yaacob
Energy Commission
SIRIM Berahd
BP Malaysia
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Fire and Rescue Department
Gas Malaysia
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
Persatuan Kontraktor Retikulasi Gas
Petronas Dagangan Berhad
Road Transport Department
Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia