Table of Contents
HOUSE DESIGN FOR KIRYANDONGO SETTLEMENT. ...................................................................................... 2
1.
Introduction: ......................................................................................................................................... 2
2.
Socio-Economic and Environmental issues Considerations: ................................................................. 2
Socio-Economic Issues: ............................................................................................................................. 2
Environmental Issues: ............................................................................................................................... 2
3.
Technical Design Issues: ........................................................................................................................ 3
4.
Detailed Quantitative Treatment/Calculation: ...................................................................................... 4
Design Parameters: ................................................................................................................................... 4
Calculations for congregated iron Roofing: ............................................................................................... 4
The analysis and load calculation:............................................................................................................. 4
Load:...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Beam design: ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Check for bending stress:- ..................................................................................................................... 5
Check for beam shear stress ................................................................................................................. 6
Foundation design..................................................................................................................................... 6
Total Load on the Foundation: .............................................................................................................. 6
Size of Footings: .................................................................................................................................... 6
Load-Bearing Capacity of timber .......................................................................................................... 7
Calculation of Wall Volume: .................................................................................................................. 7
Costing....................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.
Demonstration of Reasoned Design Process: ....................................................................................... 8
6.
Desirability of Solution: ......................................................................................................................... 8
7.
Demonstration of Innovation: ............................................................................................................... 9
8.
Demonstration of Research: ................................................................................................................. 9
9.
Drawings.............................................................................................................................................. 10
10.
Conclusion: ...................................................................................................................................... 12
11.
References:...................................................................................................................................... 12
HOUSE DESIGN FOR KIRYANDONGO SETTLEMENT.
1. Introduction:
Kiryandongo settlement presents distinct socioeconomic and environmental issues that
necessitate careful design of house. This report demonstrates a conceptual design for house that
strives to suit the demands of the community while taking labor and resources into account. The
design takes into account these specific factors: socioeconomic and environmental issues,
technological design, as well as labor and resource availability. The house will be built with
timber, concrete and steel, combining modern and traditional building techniques to produce a
cost-effective and ecologically friendly house.
2. Socio-Economic and Environmental issues Considerations:
Kiryandongo is home to a varied population, including refugees, displaced people, and
indigenous groups. As a result, the design must be sympathetic to the residents' diverse cultural
origins, lifestyles, and family arrangements.
Socio-Economic Issues:
Poverty: The Kiryandongo settlement is impoverished, and many people struggle to find suitable
housing. Economical housing options are critical for raising the community's standard of living.
Rapid Population Growth: Kiryandongo has undergone rapid population growth as a result of
internal migration and refugee settlement. This has raised the need for homes, putting more
pressure on the resources available and infrastructure.
Informal Settlements: Due to fast population increase, informal settlements with insufficient
facilities and poor living conditions have emerged. To overcome this issue, proper housing
solutions are necessary.
Unemployment: The agreement addresses high unemployment rates. Designing houses with
local labor and skills can help to create jobs and empower local people.
Environmental Issues:
Deforestation: Kiryandongo has experienced deforestation as a result of timber harvesting and
the demand for agricultural land. To lessen environmental effect, sustainable home designs
should prioritize the use of alternative materials.
Soil Erosion and Land Degradation: Unsustainable land use practices have resulted in soil
erosion and land degradation. To prevent future degradation, housing designs should include
adequate land-management strategies.
Water Scarcity: Availability to safe drinking water is restricted in several regions of
Kiryandongo. To solve this issue, sustainable housing options should include water-saving
techniques and rainwater harvesting systems.
Vulnerability to Climate Change: The settlement is subject to the effects of climate change,
such as severe weather events and shifting rainfall patterns. To overcome such obstacles, housing
designs should incorporate climate-resilient characteristics.
3. Technical Design Issues:
The suggested house design maximizes space utilization and functionality to support the
traditional Kiryandongo family arrangement. It has a single-story plan with various rooms to
accommodate a typical family size. The walls will be built with stabilized earth blocks, which are
both economical and environmentally benign. For longevity and to survive high rainfall, the
roofing will be built of corrugated metal sheets. A good technical design for a home in the
Kiryandongo community includes taking the local climate, available resources, and prospective
building obstacles into account. The house design may be energy-efficient, cost-effective, and
ecologically beneficial by prioritizing passive cooling techniques, sustainable materials, and
locally available resources. Furthermore, community involvement, skill development, and
appropriate construction practices are critical to assuring the project's success and contributing to
the well-being of the community.
Technical Requirements of the House:



Size and Layout:
Materials:
Foundation:
Alignment with Local Climate and Weather Conditions:


Passive Cooling Techniques:
Rainwater Management and Insulation:
Potential Challenges and Construction Solutions:



Limited Access to Skilled Labor:
Building Material Costs and transportation:
Earthquake and Flooding Risks:
4. Detailed Quantitative Treatment/Calculation:
Calculating the load-bearing capability of the timber and estimating the appropriate dimensions
and reinforcements for the stilted foundation will be part of the structural design of the house.
Concrete bands will be installed at the base, below the window openings, and at the top of the
walls to connect the timber frames.
Design Parameters:
Assumptions:













Target family size: 4-6 people
Basic unit size: 7m x 4m
Floor Area =28 square meters
Wall height: 2.5 meters
Roof pitch: 30 degrees
Roofing material: Corrugated iron metal sheets
Wall material: Timber planks or locally available wooden boards.
D50 timber is used for construction of a house. Tensile strength = 30 N/mm2,
Compressive = 29 N/mm2, Shear strength = 4.6 N/mm2, density = 780 kg/m3.
Column dimension = 120 x 120 mm
Beam dimension = 150 x 75 mm
Roofing material weight = 30 kg/m²
Wall Load per square meter = 350 kg/m²
Soil Bearing Capacity = 130 kN/m²
cross-sectional area of the timber = 0.2 m2
Calculations for congregated iron Roofing:
Number of modules = 6
Overhang 0.6m each end = 8.4 m2
Assume roof Rain fall = 620 mm
Area of roof = 28× 6 + 8.4m^2 = 176.4m2
Water collected = 176.4×620=109,368 Litres
The analysis and load calculation:
Load:
Beam self-load = WB = 0.075 x 0.15 x 1 x 780 = 8.775 kg/m3
Roof slab load = 1 kN/m2
WRS = 1 x 2 = 2 kN/m
Roof load =WRL = 2+0.9 = 2.9 kN/m
Floor slab load = 2kN/m2
WFS = 2 x 2 = 4 kN/m
Floor load =WFL = 4+0.9 = 4.9 kN/m
Column self-load = WC = 0.12 x 0.12 x 3000 x 780 = 3.3 kN
Beam design:
Figure 1. Load Calculation
Check for bending stress:-
Worst case beam:
Maximum bending moment =
𝑤𝑙2
8
=
4.9×72
8
= 30.01 kNm =30.01 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚
B= 75 mm, d = 150 mm
Moment of inertia = I =
𝑦̅ =
𝑏×𝑑3
12
=
75×1503
12
= 21.1 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑑 150
=
= 75 𝑚𝑚
2
2
Bending stress equation
𝑀
𝜎
=
𝐼
𝑦̅
𝜎𝐵 =
𝑀 × 𝑦̅ 30.01 × 106 × 75
𝑁
=
= 106.7
≫ 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
6
𝐼
21.1 × 10
𝑚𝑚2
Tensile stress =𝜎𝑇 = 30 N/mm2, Compressive stress =𝜎𝐶 = 29 N/mm2 NOT OKEY Check Fail
Select the bending stress value which is less from both tensile and compressive stress value. So
select 𝜎𝐵 = 28
𝑁
𝑚𝑚2
=100.
Calculate depth d.
by maintaining the value of maximum bending moment and taking width b
𝑀′
𝜎′
=
̅
𝐼′
𝑦′
30.01 × 106
28
𝑑3
30.01 × 12 × 106
=>
=
=>
=
=> 𝑑 2 = 64285 𝑚2
100 × 𝑑3
𝑑/2
𝑑/2
100 × 28
12
D = 253 mm so the beam size can be used as 100 x 275
Revised Beam self-load = WB’ = 0.1 x 0.275 x 1 x 780 = 21.45 kg/m3 = 2.1 kN/m
Revised beam udl = WFL’ = 4+2.1 = 6.1 kN/m
Revised Maximum bending moment = Mmax =
𝑤𝑙2
8
=
6.1×72
8
= 36.13 kNm = 36.13 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚
Bending stress Check
𝜎′𝐵 =
𝑀′ × 𝑦̅′ 36.13 × 106 × 137.5
𝑁
=
= 28.9
< 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
3
100 × 275
𝐼′
𝑚𝑚2
12
Tensile stress =𝜎𝑇 = 30 N/mm2, Compressive stress =𝜎𝐶 = 29 N/mm2 OKEY Check Pass
Check for beam shear stress
Maximum shear stress at supports = Vmax = 21.35 Kn
Maximum shear stress for rectangular cross section =𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑁
1.16 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 4.6 N/mm2
3×𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
2×𝐴
=
3×21.35×1000
2×100×275
=
Check OK
Foundation design
Vertical Load on Each Wall = (Length x Height) x Wall Load per square meter
Lw = (7 x 2.5) x 350 = 6125 kg
Total Load on the Foundation:
Total Load on Foundation = Live Load + Total Roof Load + column loads + beam load
Total Load on Foundation = 200 kg/m² + 150 kg/m²+ 30 kg/m²+50 kg/m² = 430 kg/m²
Size of Footings:
Assuming a square footing, the area of one footing can be calculated as:
Footing Area = Total Load on Foundation / Soil Bearing Capacity
Footing Area = 430 kg/m² / 130 kg/m² ≈ 3.31 m²
Assuming square footing,
Footing Side Length = √Footing Area
Footing Side Length = √3.31 m² ≈ 1.81 m
Load-Bearing Capacity of timber
Timber may be selected Pine wood, having maximum permissible stress is 10 Mpa
Total Weight of the House = Weight of Timber + Weight of Concrete + Weight of Roofing +
Furniture and Appliances + Occupant Load
Total Weight of the House = 6,000 + 10,000 + 4,000 + 2,000 + 350 = 22,350 kg
Actual Stress on Timber = Total Weight of the House / Cross-sectional Area of the Timber
Actual Stress on Timber = 22,350 kg / 0.02 m² ≈ 1,117,500 N/m² (or 1.1175 MPa)
Calculation of Wall Volume:
Stabilized earth blocks are used in wall construction.
Total Long and Short Wall length = 19.5+ 14.16 = 33.66 m
Total Volume = (Length × Width × Height)
Wall Volume = (33.66m × 0.2m × 2.5m)
Wall Volume = 16.83 cubic meters
Volume of a block = (0.3m x 0.15m x 0.1m ) = 0.0045 m3
Number of blocks = 16.83/0.0045 =3750 ≈3800 blocks
Costing
Assumed prices








Stabilized earth blocks for walls: 3800 blocks at $0.1 per block = $380
Corrugated metal roofing sheets: 30 sheets at $10 per sheet = $300
Foundation materials (gravel, sand, cement): $600
Doors and windows: $400
Flooring materials (concrete, steel tiles): $1100
Plumbing and sanitation: $300
Electrical installations: $270
Miscellaneous (paint, fixtures): $200
Total estimated cost: $3700
5. Demonstration of Reasoned Design Process:
A detailed awareness of the local environment, extensive research, and iterative design
development are all part of the reasoned design process. By collaborating with the local people
and incorporating their comments, the design becomes a collaborative product that solves the
unique demands and problems of the Kiryandongo settlement. Justifying design decisions based
on the local context, restrictions, and objectives ensures that the final house design is relevant
and sensitive to the community's socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural characteristics.
Local building techniques, materials, and cultural preferences were researched as part of the
design process. To enhance the design and handle any issues that emerged, iterative feedback
loops were used. The home design was created after extensive research on traditional and
modern dwelling types in Kiryandongo.
Some main reasoned design processes:






Initial research and understanding of local context
Ideation and concept development
Justification of design decision
Iteration and design changes
Finalizing the design
Implementation and monitoring
6. Desirability of Solution:
The suggested house design has a number of advantages, including:





Economical: The utilization of locally accessible materials and labor keeps building
costs affordable.
Environmental Sustainability: Including eco-friendly elements decreases the
environmental effect of the property.
Cultural Sensitivity: The design takes into account local customs and architectural
preferences.
Comfort: The layout and materials utilized emphasize the occupants' comfort and
functionality.
Resilience and safety: The house's endurance and resilience to environmental difficulties
are ensured by the use of timber, concrete, and steel.


Community engagement: The design process involves extensive community
engagement, taking into account the local community preferences, needs and feedback.
Adaptability to Changing needs: The flexible layout allows for future adaptability to
changing family needs and dynamics.
7. Demonstration of Innovation:
The proposed housing design for the Kiryandongo settlement is innovative in that it incorporates
passive cooling methods, rainwater harvesting, sustainable material choices, flexibility,
community interaction, and durable construction. These unique characteristics and solutions not
only solve the settlement's particular issues, but also encourage sustainable lifestyles,
preservation of resources, and empowering communities. The creative approach of the design
guarantees that the houses become meaningful residences that contribute to the overall prosperity
and growth of the Kiryandongo region. The house design combines old construction techniques
with modern materials to create a mix of the past and present.
8. Demonstration of Research:
Research papers, climatic data, community interaction, local resource evaluations, case studies,
technical research, and environmental impact analysis were used to support the design decisions
for the house in Kiryandongo settlement. This evidence-based approach guaranteed that the
proposed house design is contextually appropriate for the settlement, fits the requirements and
preferences of the local people, and promotes sustainability and resilience in the face of
socioeconomic and environmental problems.
9. Drawings
Figure 2. Plan View
Figure 3. 3D view
Figure 4. Side Views
Figure 5. Sectional Views
10.
Conclusion:
The conceptual house design for the Kiryandongo settlement is a realistic, inventive, and
community-centered answer to the region's particular socioeconomic, environmental, and
technological concerns. The design promises to have a positive effect on the settlement by
adhering to the brief and incorporating sustainable features, thereby enhancing living conditions,
promoting environmental preservation, empowering the neighborhood, and enhancing
Kiryandongo settlements overall well-being and resilience. The design provides an
environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and culturally acceptable housing solution by taking
into account the unique demands of the community and utilizing existing labor and resources.
The precise cost calculation illustrates the project's practicality, making it a suitable method to
addressing Kiryandongo's housing difficulties.
11.
References:
1. Marina Viana, Mazlina Zaira Mohammad. (2020). Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): An
Updated Review and Analysis Case Study. Journal of Engineering Project and Production
Management 10(March 15, 2020):147-161
2. M.s. Liew, Eu Shawn Lim. (2012). Continuous Professional Development in Civil
Engineering: Closing the Knowledge Gap. Conference: Regional Conference on
Engineering Education & Research in Higher Education.
3. Mohammed Al Mohsin, Bevian Al Hadithi, Ali Alnuaimi. (2016). Critical Evaluation of
Professional Development and Training Programs for Civil Engineers in Baghdad.
4. Betts, A., L. Bloom, J. Kaplan, and N. Omata (2014). Refugee Economies: Rethinking
Popular Assumptions. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre.
5. Dawa, I. (2018). ‘Conflict dynamics in the Bidibidi Refugee Settlement in Uganda’.
Conflict Trends 2018/4: 45–54.
6. Kaiser, T. (2000). ‘UNHCR’s withdrawal from Kiryandongo: An anatomy of a hand
over’. New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper 32. Geneva: UNHCR.
7. Isao Murahashi. (2021) Conflict-induced migration and local development: The socioeconomic dynamics of a refugee- hosting area in Uganda, ASC-TUFS Working Papers
Volume 1.
8. Mehrdad Farrokhi Kaleybar, Shaham Asadi. (February 2015). The Challenges of
Sustainable Development and Architecture. International Journal of Science Technology
and Society 3(2):11-17.
9. Kiryandongo district local government. (2015). Transforming kiryandongo district from a
predominantly rural subsistence agricultural entity to a thriving industrialized entity with
reputable leadership and quality life for all by the year 2040”.
10. Steven M. Albert, (2010).Impact of Cultural, Social, and Community Environments on
Home Care. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Role of
Human Factors in Home Health Care: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12927.
11. Uday Jain. (2012). Cultural Construction of Environmental Problems. ASIA Pacific
International Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies Mercure Le Sphinx Cairo
Hotel, Giza, Egypt, 31 October 2 November 2012.