BIG CITIES COALITION
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WHAT IS THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
a collection of internal and external
organs — in both males and females —
that work together for the purpose of
procreating.
FUNCTION OF THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
1. Produce gametes
2. Secrete sex hormones
3. Nurture the developing fetus
The major function of the reproductive
system is to ensure survival of the
species.
STUDIES RELATED TO
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Andrology
study of male reproductive organs
Gynecology
study of female reproductive organs
Anatomy &
Physiology
MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
includes a group of organs that make up
the reproductive system and urinary
system in men and people assigned male
at birth.
consists of external and internal organs
WHAT IS THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
The external body parts of the male reproductive
system include the penis, scrotum and testicles
(also known as genitals).
Internal (accessory) organs include vas deferens,
ejaculatory duct, urethra, seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, and bulbourethral (cowper)
glands.
FUNCTIONS OF THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM?
To produce, maintain, and transport sperm
and semen
To discharge sperm within the female
reproductive tract
To produce and secrete male sex hormones
HORMONES OF THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
necessary to produce sperm (spermatogenesis).
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
necessary to continue the process of spermatogenesis.
Testosterone
the main sex hormone. It helps in developing certain
characteristics such as muscle mass and strength, fat
distribution, bone mass and sex drive (libido).
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
The scrotum is a this that is located under
the penis and is composed of skin and
smooth muscle.
The structures contained in the scrotal sac
are the external spermatic fascia, testes,
epididymis, and spermatic cord.
SCROTUM
Function
responsible for protecting the testes.
It helps with the thermoregulation of the
testicles.
It keeps the temperature of the testis
several degrees below the average body
temperature
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
2 small organs that are found
inside the scrotum.
TESTES
Function
responsible for making sperm
producing a hormone called
testosterone.
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
The external reproductive organ
of the male.
The penis is made up of 2 parts,
the shaft and the glans.
PENIS
Function
urination and sexual intercourse.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
EPIDIDYMIS
Function
The epididymis is a large coiled tube
divided into the head, body and tail.
1. Head or caput epididymis – It stores the sperms until they
are ready for maturation.
2. Body or corpus epididymis – It is the long coiled tube,
where sperms mature.
3. Tail or cauda epididymis – It stores the mature sperm and
is connected to the vas deferens.
store the sperms for maturation
and transport it to vas deferens.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
Also known as the Ductus Deferens.
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube
that travels from the epididymis into the
pelvic cavity, just behind the urinary
bladder.
VANS
DEFERENS
Function
transports mature sperm to the
urethra
in
preparation
for
ejaculation.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
SEMINAL
VESICLES
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
sac-like pouches that attach to
the vas deferens near the base of
the bladder.
Function
make up to 80%
ejaculatory
fluid,
fructose.
of your
including
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
PROSTATE
GLAND
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
The prostate is a walnut-sized
gland that rests below your
bladder, in front of your rectum.
Function
secrete a thin, alkaline fluid which
protects the sperm.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Structure
pea-sized structures on the sides
of your urethra.
BULBORETHRAL
GLAND
Function
supply one more source of
alkaline fluid for lubrication and
neutralization.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Semen, therefore, is derived from the
prostate gland (60%), the seminal vesicles
(30%), the epididymis (5%), and the
bulbourethral glands (5%).
TESTES AND ITS
PROCESSES
1. Two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, and rest in
the scrotum.
2. It is commonly called as male gonads or testes.
3. Its main function is to produce and store
sperm.
4. It
synthesize
two
essential
products:
testosterone and sperm
TESTES AND ITS
PROCESSES
1. Each testes is encased by a protective white fibrous
capsule and composed of a number of lobules. Each
lobule contains interstitial cells (Leydig cells) that
produce testosterone and a seminiferous tubule that
produces spermatozoa.
2. Most males, one testis is slightly larger than the other
and suspended slightly lower in the scrotum than the
other( usually the left one).
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The testes are surrounded by several layers of tissue. They
are the:
Tunica Vasculosa
first thin layer of blood vessels.
a layer which shields the tubular interior of each testicle
from further layers of tissue around the outer testicle.
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The testes are surrounded by several
layers of tissue. They are the:
Tunica Vasculosa
first thin layer of blood vessels.
a layer which shields the tubular
interior of each testicle from
further layers of tissue around the
outer testicle.
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The testes are surrounded by several layers of tissue. They
are the:
Tunica Albuginea
a thick, protective layer made of densely packed fibers that
further protect the testes.
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The testes are surrounded by several layers of tissue. They
are the:
Tunica Vaginalis
outermost layer of
the tissue.
the tunica vaginalis
consists of three
layers.
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The tunica vaginalis consists of three layers:
Visceral layer.
a layer which surrounds the tunica albuginea that shields the
seminiferous tubules.
Cavum vaginale.
A layer which is an empty space between the visceral layer
and the outermost layer of the tunica vaginalis.
TESTES AND ITS
LAYERS
The tunica vaginalis consists of three layers:
Parietal layer
a layer that surrounds almost the entire testicular
structure.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Seminiferous tubules
coiled tubes that make up most of each testis.
lined with a layer of tissue called the epithelium.
It is made up of Sertoli cells that aid in the production
of hormones that generate sperm.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Seminiferous tubules
coiled tubes that make up most of each testis.
lined with a layer of tissue called the epithelium.
It is made up of Sertoli cells that aid in the production
of hormones that generate sperm.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Rete Testis
sperm cells travel toward the epididymis through the
rete testis.
rete testis helps to mix sperm cells around in the fluid
secreted by Sertoli cells. The body reabsorbs this fluid
as sperm cells travel from the seminiferous tubules to
the epididymis.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Efferent ducts
a series of tubes that join the rete testis to the
epididymis.
it is lined with hair-like projections called cilia.
absorb most of the fluid that helps to move sperm
cells. This results in a higher concentration of sperm in
ejaculate fluid.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Rete Testis
sperm cells travel toward the epididymis through the
rete testis.
rete testis helps to mix sperm cells around in the fluid
secreted by Sertoli cells. The body reabsorbs this fluid
as sperm cells travel from the seminiferous tubules to
the epididymis.
HOW DOES TESTES
MAKE SPERM?
Efferent ducts
a series of tubes that join the rete testis to the
epididymis.
it is lined with hair-like projections called cilia.
absorb most of the fluid that helps to move sperm
cells. This results in a higher concentration of sperm in
ejaculate fluid.
ANATOMY OF THE
PENIS
Two chambers called the corpora cavernosa, which run the
length of your penis and contain a maze of blood vessels
shaped like a sponge.
It has sponge-like spaces, which means blood can fill the
open space.
The urethra, or tube that carries pee and semen (the fluid
containing sperm), which runs along the underside of the
corpora cavernosa.
ANATOMY OF THE
PENIS
Erectile tissue, two main arteries and several veins and nerves.
The shaft, the longest part of your penis.
The head (glans), which is at the end of the shaft.
The meatus, or opening at the tip of the head where pee and
semen come out.
PENIS AND ITS
PROCESSES
Efferent ducts
a series of tubes that join the rete testis to the
epididymis.
it is lined with hair-like projections called cilia.
absorb most of the fluid that helps to move sperm
cells. This results in a higher concentration of sperm in
ejaculate fluid.
PENIS AND ITS
PROCESSES
Three (3) cylindrical masses of erectile tissue:
Corpora cavernosa
the two cylindrical masses or erectile tissue form the
dorsal portion and the side of the penis
Corpus spongiosum
smaller erectile masses occupies the ventral portion of
the penis
PENIS AND ITS
PROCESSES
Three (3) cylindrical masses of erectile tissue:
Erection
when a penis hardens and
enlarges due to filling up
with
blood.
Erections
typically occur when a
person with a penis is
sexually aroused, but it can
happen spontaneously.
WHAT IS AN
ERECTION?
When your penis becomes hard and enlarged from
an increase in blood flow.
Go away after you ejaculate, but can also go away
without ejaculating.
HOW DOES AN
ERECTION HAPPEN?
Three (3) types of erections:
Reflexogenic erections
happen when something touches your genitals and
triggers arousal.
Psychogenic erections
happen when you think of sexual memories or fantasies.
This type of erection happens without physical touch.
HOW DOES AN
ERECTION HAPPEN?
Nocturnal erections
happen when you’re
asleep. They occur
more
commonly
during the deep stages
of sleep.
WHAT DOES
EJACULATION MEANS?
Ejaculation
when you release semen
(cum) from your penis. It
usually happens when a
person with a penis
reaches orgasm (sexual
climax), but it can also
happen without orgasm.
WHAT DOES
EJACULATION MEANS?
Ejaculation has two phases: emission and expulsion.
Emission phase: In the first phase, sperm moves to your
prostate from your testicles and mixes with fluid to create
semen. Your vas deferens contract to squeeze the semen
toward the base of your penis.
Expulsion phase: In the second phase, muscles at the base of
your penis contract every 0.8 seconds and force or shoot the
semen out of your penis in several spurts.
MAJOR REPRODUCTIVE
HORMONES IN MALE
MAJOR REPRODUCTIVE
HORMONES IN MALE
THE PROCESS OF
SPERMATOGENESIS
THE PROCESS OF
SPERMATOGENESIS
Sperm are made inside seminiferous tubules of the
testes and become mature in the epididymis.
Tubule is lined with spermatogonia (diploid cells that
produce sperm).
A diploid cell contains the usual number of
chromosomes.
Spermatogonia go through mitosis, produce diploid
primary spermatocytes
THE PROCESS OF
SPERMATOGENESIS
Primary spermatocytes go through first part of meiosis,
produce haploid secondary spermatocytes.
Haploid cells contain half the usual number of
chromosomes.
Secondary spermatocytes finish meiosis, form spermatids
Spermatids move to epididymis, mature into sperm: grow a
tail, lose extra cytoplasm in the head
The tail allows the sperm to propel itself forward
THE PROCESS OF
SPERMATOGENESIS
Sperm are released during ejaculation.
The sperm are forced through the ducts and through
the urethra.
Mix with fluids from glands to form semen.
Hundreds of millions of sperm are released with each
ejaculation.
SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
FOR MALES
Three (3) Stages of Sexual Development:
1. Development before Birth
2. Puberty and its changes
3. Adolescent Growth