Identify
identify examples of crops and
animals that have been improved
through classical breeding and genetic
engineering.
Explain
explain the advantages and disadvantages
of classical breeding and genetic
engineering techniques.
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Classical breeding has been used
for thousands of years to improve
crops and livestock, and it is still a
vital tool in modern agriculture.
traditional method of breeding plants
and animals that involves selecting for
desired traits over several generations.
This method relies on the natural
mechanisms of inheritance and
genetic recombination, as well as
controlled breeding between
individuals with desired traits.
newer technique that involves
modifying the DNA of an organism in
order to introduce or remove specific
traits. This is typically achieved by
using recombinant DNA technology to
insert or delete specific genes in the
organism's genome.
Classical breeding has been used
Classical breeding has been
better suited to specific
to produce wheat varieties that environments, have higher milk
used to improve the yield,
disease resistance, and drought
are resistant to pests and
or meat yields, and are more
tolerance of corn
diseases and have higher yields.
disease-resistant.
resistant to herbicides,
reducing the need for chemical
weed control.
longer shelf lives and improved
resistance to pests and diseases
longer shelf lives and improved
resistance to pests and diseases.
• Natural process: Classical breeding relies on natural mechanisms of
inheritance and genetic recombination, and can be used to enhance
desirable traits naturally within a population.
• Cost-effective: Classical breeding does not require expensive
equipment or sophisticated technical knowledge, making it an
accessible and cost-effective approach.
• Well-established: Classical breeding has been used for thousands of
years, and there is a wealth of knowledge and experience in this area.
• Time-consuming: Classical breeding can take several generations
and a significant amount of time to achieve the desired traits.
• Limited precision: Classical breeding can be imprecise and result
in traits that are not completely predictable or controllable.
• Limited genetic diversity: Classical breeding can result in a loss of
genetic diversity, especially if breeding is restricted to a limited
number of individuals or populations
• Precision: Genetic engineering allows for precise control over the
traits of an organism, making it quicker and more precise in
achieving desired results.
• Rapid results: Genetic engineering can produce results in a much
shorter time than classical breeding, making it useful for timesensitive applications.
• Expanded genetic diversity: Genetic engineering allows for the
introduction of genetic material from other species or organisms,
increasing genetic diversity and potential for new traits.
• Costly: Genetic engineering requires specialized equipment and
expertise, making it a more expensive method than classical
breeding.
• Regulatory hurdles: Genetic engineering is often heavily regulated
due to concerns over safety, ethical considerations, and public
perception.
• Potential risks: There are concerns over the potential risks and
ethical implications of genetic engineering, such as unintended
effects on the environment and human health.