Conlenls
U N I T1
Neighbours
(pp.6-1s)
. L o v ey o u rn e i g h b o u r ?
. What doesyourbedroomsayaboutyou?
. CultureClip:DoyoureallyknowtheBritish?
chores
activities,
people's
character . everyday
. appearance
& appearance
. personality
. relationship
to others
. phrasalverbswith offer
. formingadjectives
from verbs&
NOUNS
UNIT2
Callof the wild
(pp.16-2s)
l'theenvironment .
.
.
.
.
.
Self-AssessmentModule 1 (pp. 26-27)
UNIT3
l'holidays
3
o
o
N
o
6
oU
|!
=
U N I T4
Live & learn
I
(pp.ao-ae)
animals
f l o r a& f a u n a
sociallssues
n a t u r ahl a b i t a t s
phrasal
verbswith ouf
formingnounsfrom verbs
Aidi$ir*,!Ri|n!4!Q!,
I
|
|
I
]
. U KW i l d l i f e- S o S !
' H o wt o m a k ea w i l d l i f ep o n d
' TheCountryside
Code- Advicefor the
Public
' Curricular
Pesticides
Cut (Science):
::,:,..1;,;;p,:t;l:,:,,X.','::'
(p.28) ;;:,,,X;!,L:;.:1,:;.;tiLt:,:,.;.1;;i
neuse,
Recycl'e
. travel& holidays
. modesof transport
.accommodation
. holidayproblems
. waysof travelling
. phrasalverbswith off
. formingadjectives
with
n e g a t i vm
e eantng
' politebehaviour
. typesof schools
. school/college
subjects
. phrasal
'Eco-friendsverbswith down
'
| Wishyou weren'there!
'
| GrangeHotel
l'Aholidayexperience
'
| CultureClip Butlin'sHolidayCamps
' M i n dy o u rM a n n e r s l
(hnrt
.
ma<<2na<
. Curricular
Pygmalion
Cut (Literature).
2 - Garnivorousplants (p,'52)
m
Weird&
wonderful
(pp.sa-63)
partsof the body
moods& feelings
b o d yl a n g u a g e
personal
experences
festivals
phrasal
verbswith over
forming adjectivesCful/-less)
partsof the body
moods& feelings
o
G
J'
fl
o
UNIT6
l'entertainment
S t a t e - o f - t h e - a r|t' t e c h n o l o g y
(pp.6a-73)
|
J
l'youthculturegadgets
|' films&TV
l ' t. h e l n t e r n e t
phrasalverbswith in
. N/vthir:l
.ra:trrraq
. Speaking
without sayinga word
' Halloween
. CultureClip.TheGhostHuntof
York
- Special
EffectsSupervisor
DickSummers
. Usingthe remotecontrol
. Tokyoteens
. Curricular
TheWar
of the
Cut (Literature).
Worlds
:if
g
CL
s
CJ
o
o
CL
.
'
.
.
C r a c k i nC
g areer!
types
Personality
G e t t i n ga j o b
CultureClip.TheRavenmaster
.
.
.
.
SelfDefence
Watchout!
C a m e r aasl la r o u n dy o u
Followingthe
Cut (Citizenship).
Curricular
Rules
n
=
00
selfdefence
streelc|me
law breakers
phrasalverbswith oway
U N I T8
Staying safe
(pp.88-e7)
f-,
t
:
t , ,
? .,
Forcesof nature
(pp.102-111)
= € '
€
H
1
c
l I
I
I
L-
U N I T1 O
Festivetime
(pp.112-121)
1€
.
.
.
'
a n i m asl o u n d s
weather
naturaldisasters
temperature
phrasalverbswith up
. Natureattacks!
. C u l t u r eC l i p l c e A r t
sports& fitness
food
phrasalverbswith on
nouns
compound
.
.
.
.
F e s t i vFeo o dC a l e n d a r
B o d yl m a g e
Healthylifestyles
) :u s c l e s
C u r r i c u l aCru t ( B i o l o g yM
.$$ffi&nfuv,@.:za}
ffiYl@l*2,,NWti:{i,,,.:,1$;*t!-6:,9..
";1,2r,, :,,',;$i,t{:
SpeciafDays:The Summer Solstice(pp. 126-127);Father'sDay (pp.128-129);Song Sheets(pp. 130-134);Pairwork Activities
EnglishGuide(p. 156);
(pp. 135-1a2);GrammarReference(pp. 143-155);
AmericanEnglish-British
I
1
Z present
tenses
' already,
just,yet,(n)ever
. stativeverbs
people
identifying
relationto others
requesting
help
making& accepting,
apologies
docrrihinn
a paragraph
abouta neighboil
of yours
a p a r a g r a pahb o u ty o u rf r i e n d
an informallettergivingnews
an articleaboutstereotypes
relatedto yourcountry
nannla
introducing
oneself& others
<nri:l evnros<innc
expressing
admiration
' modals| (must,hqveto,
should,oughtto,mustn't)
' will - goingto
. time words
' futuretenses
importance
of trees
forests
m a k i n gs u g g e s t i o n s
a g r e e i n&
g disagreeing
expressrng
Inreresr
*?%sig,:v/x2ri;
wtlti
i
. pasrrenses
. usedto - would
. adverbsof time &
movement
rcnnrtod
<noorh
cla<rrihinn nirtrrro<
b o o k i n ga g u i d e dt o u r
askingfor information
expressi
ng d issatisfaction
.
. a n a r t i c l ea b o u tw i l d l i f e
habitatsin yourcountry
' a letterto a friendaboutyour
p l a n st o h e l pt h e e n v i r o n m e n t
. a letteraskingfor information
iolonhnna
%W,fl6*ry%*i6W|rc
. an articleaboutyourworst
holidayexperience
' a letterto a friendof yours
from a holidayhotel
. a p a r a g r a pahb o u ty o u rh o l i d a y
habitswhenyou wereyounger
. a story(1st-person
narrative)
makingpoliterequests
telephoneetiquette
pictures
describing
6+i^rra++6
(statements,
questions, . ICTcourses
commands)
say- tell,reportingverbs
19X$%le ,:$rylar
. TheDayof the Dead
comparatives
&
superlatives
d e f i n i n g& n o n definingrelativeclauses
'quantifiers
' afttcteS
.
.
.
'
adverbs
pronouns
reflexive
q u e s t r otna g s
ecnorags
' conditionals
. wishes
.
film review
Internetsafety
rlrttca<
nf
nr rrnnco
inviting& accepting
or refusing
an invitation
m a k i n gd e c i s i o n s
exctamatonS
.
.
.
'
guessing
.1obs
expressrng
regrets
preparing
for
interview
tips for stayingsafe
reporting
emergencres
. a n e - m a idl e s c r i b i nagd r e a m
. a p a r a g r a pdhe s c r i b i nag
festivaI
' a story(3rd-person
narrative)
. an advertfor a town walk
. a reviewof a film
expressrng
vrewpornts
askingabouta problem/offering ' instructions
on how to senda
nerp
text message
' a questionnaire
recommending
a film/gameetc
. a letterto a friend,reviewing
computerproblems
a
m u s i cC D
. t a l k i n ga b o u ta m b i t i o n s
. a g r e e i n g / d i s a g r ew
e iint hg
oprnrons
. aYnrac<rna ranrafc
. elo<rrihinn
nirir rrac
.
<afofrr
di<rr r<<inn
. givingan eye-witness
account
' w a r n i n go t h e r s
. e x p r e s s i nagn n o y a n c&e c a l m i n g
sb down
ir9;.:;1o;;g::;'.1Al);;7,1,,;,',;!;;:;,:
. factfile
. precautions
for
avalancne
' extremeweather
conditions
infinitive/-ing
form
prepositions
of place
a sportssurvey
g y mm e m b e r s h i p
.
.
.
.
an articleinterviewing
a person
a n e - m a ial b o u ta d r e a mj o b
an e-mailexpressing
regret
a letterof application
. Dos& Don'tson how to defend
yourself
. a leafletaboutsafety
. a n a r t i c l ep r o v i d i nsgo l u t i o ntso
proolems
askingforlgivingdirections
avoidingdirectanswers
fz.tq
:,,.
tl$l$fl9|':a*t#:,*$sie;i,1$$i6;9,ig';::$s!uiioti:a:;:,:,,':i:
&
:3*t:i#$Y#r:affi;;;1$4ffi9:Y,ff
. expressing
' a factfileaboutan insect
possibility
. makingassumptions/deductions' a n e - m a ial b o u ta n a t u r a l
. nlosrrihinn nirfr rro<
disaster
. an e-mailinvitationto a festival
. an articleabouta winterevent
avnroccinn
lrregularVerbs(p. 157);Word List (pp. 158-166)
l:ir*gifi&Ti
; :lffiY:#,:ii*&9*
a calendar
for festivals
a n e - m a igl i v i n ga d v i c e
a surveyreport
Units 1-2
:
.,:"._,- _"- -.
... .:r..::):::::::::.-.
.r't',i
o
a
a
a
oYnroqq inferoct
a
nro<trnt fonqo<
a
stativeverbs
modalverbs(must,haveto,should/ought
to,
mustn't)
the future
idiomsrelatedto animals,
plants
formingadjectives,
nouns
phrasalverbswith after,out
a
)
Lookat Module1
a
Findthe pagenumbers
for pictures1-5
a
a
F
Findthe unit and pagenumber(s)
for
.
.
.
.
.
r
)
f
f
I
E
f
_f
Listen,
readandtalkabout...
.
.
.
o
.
.
o
)
signs
aqurz
a cartoonstrip
a noticeboard
a leafletab'out
wildlife
anadvertisement
how to be a goodneighbour
personality
& appearance
chores
relationto others
wildlife
flora& rainforests
pesticides
Learnhowto ...
.
.
apologise
& acceptapologies
requesthelp
o
dacrriho
.
introduce
yourself
& others
nannlo
socialise
express
admiration
makesuggestions
&
a9ree
a
F Write...
.
r
.
.
.
.
.
a
a
a shortparagraph
aboutyourneighbour
a shortparagraph
aboutyourfriend
an informallettergivingnews
a shortarticleaboutstereotypes
relatedto
yourcountry
a shortarticieaboutwildlifehabitatsin your
country
a leafletadvertising
an Environment
Dayyour
groupisorganising
a shortletterto a friendaboutwhat you are
goingto do to helpprotectthe environment
a letteraskingfor information
a listof pesticides
available
in yourlocal
supermarket
andtheiruses
knowthe British?
CultureClip:Ooyou really
Pesticides
Cut(Science):
Curricular
5
watchyournouse
whenyou'reaway
d o n ' tk n o w a b o u tl ) . . . . . . ... b u t t h e w a y I f e e la b o u tm y
1
I neighbours
depends
on the time of yearandeventhe time
tell
you
day.l'll
why.
of
$-mmq$-$m
my next-doorneighbour
a keengardener
but 2) ........
lam
I hasa largedog that lovesdigging.EveryautumnI plant
to a wonderfuldisplayof
bulbsandeveryspringI look 3)
and
l'm alwaysdisappointed
tulips,daffodilsand snowdrops.
dog digsthe
it reallygetsme down.l'm suremy neighbour's
bulbsup and they're4) .......givena chanceto grow.I haven't
Whatdoesa goodor bad
neighbour
do?Lookat the
pictures
andsay.
yourplants
A goodneighbour
waters
whenyou
areaway.
Howdo
Thinkof yourneighbours,
make
theactions
in the pictures
you feel:angry?annoyed?
grateful?
embarrassed?
thankful?
myneighbours
A: lgetveryangrywhen
playloudmusic
lateatnight.
whenmy
Metoo.l'malsoannoyed
neighbour
doesDIYat night,He
makes
somuchnoise.
+mm#$
*m6
$ff
mg ffiu$-$mHmm
3
a. Readthetitleofthe textand
lookat the pictures
again.
Whatisthe text about?Read
throughandcheck.
Completing a multiple choice cloze
Readthe whole text to ger an idea about the topic and general
meaning.Readagaincarefully.Reada completesentencebefore
decidingon your choice of answer.Once you finish,read the
whole text again,withthe answers-tosee if it makessense.
b. Readthe text andchoosethe correctwordfor each
xnEroups,
explain
thewords/
Listen
andcheck.
space.
or cjralvtheirmeaning.
phrases
in bold.tu4inqe
actuallyseenhim do it, 5) ........I givehim the benefitof the
doubt.However,
the samedogalsodoesme a favour,because
if
he seesbirds trying to eat any seedsI plant,he chases
them
awayimmediately.
lt's because
of him that I havesucha lovely
vegetable
patch.Soyou cansee6) ........
sometimes
I lovehim
a n da t o t h e rt i m e sI h a t eh i m .
there's
my otherneighbour7) ........
thestreet.Shesa
ahen
I lovelylady who watersmy plantswhen l'm awayand
generally
kebpsan eyeon things8) . ...me.Her threeteenage
children,on the otherhand,areanotherstory.Theyoftensit
on my gardenwall jn the evenings
with their friends.They
usuallyhave chipsand soft drinks and they sray rherefor
hours,chattingcheerfullyand laughing.1t drivesme crazy.
Theymakea lot of noiseand alwaysleavetheir emptydrink
cansandchippapers9) ....., whichreallygetson my nerves!
I
haveto go out the next morningandclearawaytheirrubbish.
But what can I do? I needto keepon goodtermswith them
because
theirmotheris sogoodto me.
ffiwmn.qr+*my
ffiwrg$$:*i$r
$"*m*r{r,*.1;.i
}
*-pe}
Work in pairs.You havebeena
bad neighbour.
Usethe language
in the tableto apologise.
Your
partneracceptsyour apology.
q o , l o v e t h e m o r h a t et h e m .u n l e s sy o u ' w a n tt o m o v e
J l 0 ) . . . . . . . . i C sb e s tt o d o w h a t I d o . Y o us h o u l dt r y t o g e r
alongwith yourneighbours,
evenif theyannoyyou at times.
Sorry!
l'm really/very/so/sorry
abouVfor...
I'd liketo apologise/say
sorryfor ..
l ' m s o r r yI d i d n ' tm e a nt o . . .
(for) ..
| (do)apologise
a
Don'tworryaboutrt
N o ta t a l l .
That's(quite)all righVOK.
a
It doesn'tmatter(at all)
a
Fnrnof
a
a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
A me
A accidentally
A ahead
A never
A although
A when
A ACTOSS
A to
A after
A home
B you
C u s
B luckily
B behind
B often
B s o
C badly
C forward
D them
D unfortunatety
C usually
D around
D always
C then
C what
D but
D why
D opposite
B for
C round
C with
B off
B house
C out
C address
B where
B over
D and
D behind
D flat
/rhnr
\svvv
r Lt \/ i| tL .
A: I'mverysorryaboutthenoiselast
night.lhopeit didn'twakeyou
up.
B: That's
allright.lwasn't
athome.
I
t 6
I
Thinkof ten wordsyou have
learntin thislesson.
In pairs,
makesentences
usingthem.
6AWrihng
-ffi*r.t
!r,-
il
*uf,
W Speaking
Workin pairs.Usethe articleto actout a dialogue
between
theauthorandherneighbour
aboutherneighbour's
children.
Portfolio:Writea short
paragraph
abouta neighbour
of
yours(40-60words).Write:
.
.
.
.
name& general
impression
whatyoulikeabouthim/her
whatyoudon'tlike& reasons
s u mu py o u ro p i n i o n
7
a. Matchthe personality
names
( 1 - 1 0t)o t h e k i n do f
behaviour
theyreferto (a-j),
Arethereanysimilar
names
in yourlanguage?
llTl
::
ET_-]a noseyparker
. 3 Whereis yourfavouriteitemof clothingrightnow?
A inthewash
B cleanandhanging
inthewardrobe
C l'mwearing
it.
reT--]a smartalec
ETI a sillybilly
Whatdo you usuallyheadstraightfor whenyou go intoyour
room?
A myCDplayer
B mydesk
C mybed
trT_-]a hishflier
a workaholic
[6f-] a troublemaker
Whatdo you do if yourmumtellsyouyourroomis messy?
A tellherto stayoutof my room
B tidyup
C hideeverything
undermybed
curious,
likesto knowother
hrrcinac<
ambitious,
achieves
success
easily
c veryhardworkrng,
lovesto work
problems
d causes
between
people
e forgetful,disorganised
f doesn'tliketo be active
g boring,doesn'tliketo havefun
h can'tstoptalkrng
i behaves
in a childish
way, isn't
Whatis the lastthingyou do beforeyou go to bed?
A wriiein mydiary
B puioutwhatI needforthenextday
C listento myfavourite
CD
. j r.:..,, MostlyAs:Youarecreative
yourself
andthoughtful.
Youliketo express
through
,.,,,,.i,.''.,
writing
art,music,
orsport.
'.,.,-,
.r,; MostlyBs:Youaresensible
aswellasambitious.
Youknowwhatyouwantand
.
',,':."
. ,.'
youalways
planahead.
. ,: ,,1'.',MostlyCs:Youareeasy-going
andjoyfulandtakeeachdayas it comes.
Youare
. 1., . honest
your
privacy.
and
caring
but
value
.1;,,
i :il.;.'ir'1-..i.r!!S'!.rtrqrt:i4$4bwry,
sensrble
,
:
drawers?
A souvenirs
andknick-knacks
B neatly
organised
essential
items
C magazines
andsweet
wrappers
ETI a chatterbox
nonnlo'c
-'
2 Whatdoyoukeepin your
ETI a lazybones
FTI
i
1 Whatis thefirstthingsomeone
:i.' noticeswhentheywalkintoyour
bedroom?
A theposters B thefurniiure
C themess
a scatterbrain
ETI a killjoy
.,:
trrr,Pd..f..,,
b. Matchthe highlighted
character
adjectives
in the quizto
the definitions
below.Usethemto describe
yourfriends.
thinkstheyareveryclever
1 developoriginalideas,
imaginative
b . Workin pairs.
Choose
names
for someof yourfamily,
friends
andneighbours
and
givereasons.
2 n o t d o c h i l d i s hs ,i l l y
rnIngs
3 want to be successful
A: Mybrother
Johnisa chatterbox.
R . Why
doyousaythat?
A: Because
hecan'tstoptalking.
4 not get easilyannoyed
5 be helpful
6 not tell lies
7 be veryhappy
8 not upsetotherseasily
A: Whatis
Johnlike?
verysensible.
B: He's
Hedoesn't
dochildish,
sillythings.
Reoding
2
8
a. Whattypeof personareyou?
Dothe quiz,checkyourscore
andthencompare
answers
with yourpartner.
3
(1-6)withthe
Useyourdictionaries
to complete
thesentences
adjectives
derivedfromthe wordsin bold.
We canformadjectives
fromverbsandnounsby usingthe
-ic,-ive,
-ible,-ious,-less,,ish,
-y,-ing
followingendings:
lul,
1...:
"::.:-..
Johnisvery
He never
remembers
wherehisthingsare.(FORGET)
L u k ei s
I think
(CREATE)
he'llbecomea painter.
He'svery
Hewants
to becomerichand famous.(AMBtTtON)
Ann's .
Shealways
losesherthings.(CARE)
Don'tbe
othersfirst (SELF)
Ann . ...
. . a f t e rh e r m u m .S h e
just likeher (resemble)
looksand behaves
policeman
The
..
... afterthe thief
T h i n ko f
6 H e ' sv e r y. . . . . ..
the bestjokes (FUN)
and caughthim (pursue)
H et e l l s
My dad . .
.. aftermy babybrother
when Mum'sat work (take careof)
Speoking
4
Usethe wordsto complete
the phrases.
Which
similesbestdescribe
yourfamily/friends?
Tell
yourpartner.
Givereasons.
Workin pairs.
Usethetableto findoutwhich
yourpartner
chores
doesandhowoften.
. d o t h ew a s h i n g - u p
. tidyyourroom
. clearthe table
r polishthe furniture/the
floors
r nlop the floor
. setthe table
. feedthe pet
. takeout the rubbish
. changethe sheets
r cleanthe bathroom
o cleanwallVwindowV
tne
. vacuumthe carpets
r dustthe furniture
oven/thebathroom
^ ^ ^ t . . ^ - ^
c n r r t a r , l r : r rr l n t h o <
d5 5ry d5 d ..
. cleanout the fridge
d) uu>y d> d ..
a-
r everydaylmorn
ing/week/month/etc
. once/twice/th
reeti mesa daylweek/month/etc
. daily/weekly/monthly
@
,
Compiete
the sentences
with
the correctverbform.Choose
a phrasal
verbanddrawa
pictureof it.
6
h'
' -.,
^ -
^
a sb l i n da sa
A: Howoftendoyoudothewashing-up?
B: Once
ortwicea week.
Andyou?
A: I don't.
Mymumdoesit.
Requestinghelp
Workin pairs.Usethe phrases
in the language
boxto actout dialogues
asin the example.
Usethe activities
in Ex.4.
Do you thinkyou
. S u r eN
. op r o b l e m l
. SureThat'sfine
. Yes,of course
. l'm sorry,but ..
. l'd liketo, but
could...?
. l ' m a f r a i dl c a n ' t I
Can/Could
you
(please)
.. ?
Do you mind(+ -ing)
)
re
A: Doyoumindsetting
thetableT
B: l'msorry,
butI mustvacuum
thecarpets.
My grandfather
is as blindas a bat.He can't see
anything
withouthisglasses.
Spendtwo or threeminutesrevising
whatyou
havelearntin thislesson.
yourbooks
Close
andtellyourpartner.
8
1
-=..=:+&
ffiWrihns
lf',*#v
Portfolio:Writea shortparagraph
aboutyour
friend(40-60words).Write:
. name. whatheishe
islike,givingreasons
. yourfeelings
abouthim/her
I
L o o ka t m e l l ' m s t a n d i n g
hprp
ledio<
#
enr{
tndev
rvvu/l
:
h:ndcorre
y o u n gm a n - b u t l ' m r e a l L y
over200 yearsold!
nanflaman
thisspecialpotioncomes
from the Amazon. lt
makesyou lookyounger
a n dl i v el o n g e r !
Hic <A.rof is cimnle -
R e a l l yW
? ow!
he drinks a bottle of
this potioneveryday
ls he really2OOyearsold
o r i s h e k i d d i n gu s ?
H m m T h a ts o u n d sg o o d l ' m
getting marriednext month
I want to look muchyounger
o n m y w e d d i n gd a y
Presentsimple,
presentcontinuous,
presentperfect 'u' _
I honestlydon't know
l've only been with him
for 150 yearsl
2
) Speaking
wordsto findout
Thenusethequestion
Fillindo,goorhave.
your
partner's
and
free-time
activities.
daily
routine
about
out for a meal
b r e a k f a s V l u n c h / d i n2n) e r
the washing-up
4)
for a walk 5) .... ........to
GrammarReference 3)
o u t w i t h f r i e n d8
s) .......
b e d 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . s h o p p i n7g)
2 Reoding & Listening
housework
homework 10)
the shopping9)..
a. Lookat the cartoon.Whatis
jogging
.
.
to work/
...
13)
.
....
....
12)
for
a
swim
11)
the manselling?
Whatis
special
aboutit? Listenand
readto findout.
1).....
school14)
. How often .?
. W h e n. . . ?
b. Lookat the verbformsin
Find
boldin the cartoon.
examples
of:
. a 0ermanent
State
. anaction
at or
happening
around
thetimeof speaking
. a habitor routine
. a frxedfuturearrangement
. anactionwhichstarted
in
to
thepastandcontinues
the present
Whattenseis usedin each
case?
10
... ....to the cinema15)
. a shower/a
bath
. W h e r e .?
. W h a tt i m e. . ?
. How..?
A: Howoftendoyougooutfora meal?
B: Oncea week.
3
future
Whichtenseis usedfor:timetables?
Readtheexample.
Usethe notesto actout shortexchanges.
arrangements?
TOUR
STARTS
6ffi
IHVEHOTEI
,'J5
does
tiz-, *,.:;li
A: Whattime
s. ,',earemeeting
ot8:00.
B: lt startsat 9:00,
Already/Just/Yet/Ever/Neve
r
4
Thinkof your day.What haveyoualready/just/
notyetdone?Tellyourpartner.
I'vealready
hadlunch.
lhaven'tdonemyhomeworkyet.
I'vejusthada coffee.
a. Workin pairs.Usethe phrases
to findout
whatyourpartnerhas(never)
donebefore.
. playthetrumpet. makea snowman
. ridea horse. speak
person
to a famous
o goto India. drivea car . eatcaviar
A: Have
youeverplayed
thetrumpet?
B: No,I haven't.
I have,
/ Yes,
b. Tellthe classaboutyourpartner.
Johnhasneverdrivena car.
Presentperfectcontinuous''1&#*
thesentences
rndrnr*.roJfiffi:1ilff:."
5 Read
Shehasbeenworkingforhimfor a longtime.
Shehasbeenworkingforhim since1992.
1 Howdo we formthe presentperfectcontinuous?
2 How do we usefor/since?
3 Whichquestiondo the sentences
answer?
Usethe verbsto write true sentencesabout
yourselfand your family.Usesinceor for.
o study . work o pl6y o liyg
I'vebeenstudyingFrenchfor twoyears/since
2004.
Stativeverbs 'ffi$.
GrammarReference
8
4 a I think TheLordof theRingsis fantastic
b l'm thinking of buyingTheLordof the Rings.
5 a Thiscaketastesdelicious.
Readthe theorybox.Explain
the meaningof
bothsentences
in eachpair.Makesentences
of yourown.
"aaion
statvev"eros
d.;aiinei iiitJ iaill"iir.lar.iin
(eg. ltke,l*w*,kat*,w*n{,n**#,{*rg*t,rernemb*r,
kn*tr,t,
supp*se)
Theydo notusually
havecontinuous
forms.
Somestativeverbsdo havecontinuous
formsbut
tngre
a,olrgle,Te_11
11
Tgalp - .""
1 a Lindalooksunhappy.
b Lindais lookingfor hernecklace.
a Tina'ssilkscarffeelsverysoft.
b Tinais feelingunwelltoday.
a Tomhas hisown flar.
b Tomis havinga showernow.
b She'stastingthe soupto seeif it'sspicy
9
Put the verbsin bracketsinto the present
simple/continuous
or presentperfectsimple/
continuous.
1 A: ..
(you/see)
Marvrecentlv?
B: No, ..
(not/talk)
to hersincelastmonth
2 A: Why
(you/taste)the milk?
B : It ......
I t h i n ki t . . . . . . . . .
(smell)strange.
. ( g oo f f )
3 A : Where
B : Shopping.
. ... (you/go)?
(you/want)anything?
4 A: You
(look)tired
B : Y e s |. . . . . .
. . . . . .( w o r k )
since9 o'clockthismorning.
5 A : W h e r e. . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. ( T o n y / l i v e ) ?
B: InLondon butat themomenh
t e . . ......
6 A: ....
. (stay)in Bahrain.
(you/come)
to Ann'spartytonight?
B: l'd loveto, but | ...
. . (fly)
to London.Theplane. .
(leave)at 10:30.
Sentence
transformations
below are about chores.Complete
I Q Thesentences
the secondsentenceso that it meansthe sameas
the first. Useno morethan threewords,
1 | hatedoingthe washing-up.
I don't
. . . . . t h ew a s h i n q - u o .
2 Takeout the rubbish.
please
y
o
u
Could
......
rubbish?
3 Sheduststhe furnitureeverytwo weeks
Sheduststhe furniture
... monrn.
4 lt'sa weeksinceI lasttidiedmy room
| . . .. . . . .
. . .m y r o o mf o r a w e e k .
5 Canyou pleasemop the floor?
D oy o um i n d
. . . .. . . . .f l o o r ?
twoorthreeminutes
revising
the
11 Spend
grammar
youhavelearntin this
structures
lesson.
Inpairs,
makesentences
using
them.
11
Introducingourselves/others
I
2
Reoding
phrases
Whichof thefollowing
dowe useto
ourselves?
others?
introduce:
1 H e l l ot h e r e !
2 We haven'tmet before.havewe?
3 J a n em
. e e tB o b .
4 Pleased
to meetyou
5 M r S m i t hm
, a yI r n t r o d u cJea n eS h a r p ?
we'vemet before.l'm BobGrant
6 | don't believe
7 How do you do?
8 H i - I ' mM a x .
9 Mr Smith,l'd likeyouto meetPaulBrown
with sentences
, Completethe conversation
from Ex.2. Listenand check.
Jane:Hi, Max!Thisis a greatparty,isn'tit?
We work
Max: Hellothere!Yes,it is ETI
Bob,thisisJane,my
togetherat Smith's.
next-door
neighbour
FTl, aoo
Jane:
B o b : Niceto meetyou too, Jane.
it! There's
our boss
Max: Oh! | don't belreve
and hiswrfestandingoverthere.
B o b : Oh no! He'scomingover.l'llseeyou later
M r S m i t h :Goodevening,
Max
Max: Hello.ETI Jane,thisis my boss,
Mr Smith
people
Describing
* Speaking
Who:
a. Lookat thepicture.
hasgot: curly/wavy/straighVshorVlong/
hair?
brown/fair
beard/glasses?
a moustache/a
plump/thin/slim?
is:
height?
shorVtal
l/ofaverage
4
bald?
thirties/twenties/teens?
in their earlyllate
middle-agediold?
in the pictureanddescribe
b. Choose
a person
him/herto yourpartner.
Maxis tallandslimwithshortbrownhair.He'sin his
gotglasses
He's
anda beard.
earlythirties.
12
MrSmith:
m
to meetyou.
Jane:Pleased
Readagain.What arethe relationships
betweenthesepeople?
M r S m i t ha n dM r sS m i t h h u s b a n ad n dw i f e
strangers
Janeand Max
neighbours
M a xa n dB o b
Boband Mr Smith
co-workers
Janeand Mr Smith
employer
andemployee
Portfolio:
Workin groups.
Youareat a party.
phrases
the
Usethe
in Ex.2 to introduce
people.
yourselves.
Record
{
Plav'
inteamsTaketurnsdescribing
a person
t
i(r ^Lr rL :. U
< J<J /\ rhl o
L liynl hl tL , h
w ul il ll d
u,
h
.i' n'nc
I ldll,
€ytr>,
n
+r\ Thn
CLL/. | | lg
c:':'team tryto guess
whotheperson
is.
I
!
I
{
Relationships
Listening
5 a . Listenandmatchthe peopleto the
character
adjective
andthento their
relationship
to Jean.
Therearesome
wordsyou don't need.
Socialexpressions
nTl
ET_l
ETI
ET-l
Goodnisht
a
Havea niceweereno. b
How'rethings?
Byel'm off to school c
now
d
ET_l Letmebuyyou
e
Iu n c n .
trT_l Sorryt'mlate
)
6
Justfine.thanks.
Takecare Havea nice
day.
Sleep
well.
No.no. lt'smy turn.
Nevermind.You'rehere
now.
Thanks.
Thesameto you
lmproving pronunciation
b. Workin pairs.Writedownthe names
of threepeopleyou know Exchange
papers
andfindout abouteachperson.
A: Who's
Sarah?
B: She\mybestfriend.
A: Whatdoes
shelooklike?
B: Sheis tallandslim,withlongblackhairand
greeneyes.
A: Whatis shelike?
B: She's
funny,
friendly
andtalkative.
Matchthe exchanges.
Listenandcheck.
7
Focuson stressand intonation.This
helpsyou sound
more natural.
Expressing
admiration
8
;. , Listento the sentences.
Listenagainand repeat.
.
What beautifuleyes!
. What a lovelyscarf!
. How funnyhe is!
. Thisis a lovelyparty,
isn'tit?
. Thisisjustgreatl
Listening
,,Listen,
choosethe correctpicturefor
eachquestionandput a tick(./) in the
box.
9
Lookat the picture,ln pairs,discuss
it as in the
examole.
1 WhichoneisDavid?
2 Whichone is Kim?
tsAnn goingto do on herbirthday?
A: Where
doyouthinkthe
picture
wastaken?
B: It wasprobably
taken
...
A: Whatcanyousee
inthepicture?
B: lcansee...
A: Whatarethe
people
doingT
B: They
seem
tobe...
A: Doyougetonwithyourneighbours?
etc
revising
whatyou
10 Spendtwo or threeminutes
havelearntin thislesson.
yourbooksandtell
Close
yourpartner.
w%mv%wffi
ffiwKk\mg
Sru.u-v€rftqUe-
Doyouwrite lettersto yourfriends/penHowoften?Whatdo youwriteto
friends?
eachotherabout?Askandanswerin pairs.
t lnderstanding rubrics
To planyour pieceof writing,readthe rubric
carefullyand underlinethe key words.Key words
indicate:the type of writing,the target reader,who
you are,the writing style,the reasonfor writing
and the topics you are goingto wrlte about.These
will helpyou decidewhat you will write.
fi*w*Wpmw
x&q*m*.r
2
studentin the UK.Read
Annaisan exchange
herletterto herfriendandputthe paragraphs
in the correctorder.
'V*x*rKwxwra
#:
| . F\
DearPenny,
'l
the keywords.
Readthe rubricandunderline
do theYgiveYou?
Whatinformation
fil
ii
ETI My host family are wonderfull Mr Brown is i!'
I
really funny. Hes always telling us jokes. Mrs
Brown is great, too. Shes a fantastic cook and :
keeps making me cakesand lots of other lovely i
thingslTheir daughterCindy is our age.Shesreally
Youhaverecentlymovedto anothertown.
fl
'[
from a
this is part of a letteryou received
:
frignd
'
,;... .y.s',*.*:d',id*'q$wds"!*rds*di*Hi*d#":
Hope gou like the new oreo. Whot are
gour neighbours[lke? Have gou mode
onu new Jriends?Whot obout gour
Write backsoon.
new ctossmotes?
Jennu
cool. We often go shopping together'Last, but not
1east, theres Andy, Cindy's fourteen-year-old
brother.He is quite shy and likes playingfootba1l.
t6T_-]Anyway,got to go now - l've got an English
{ryroffitrdp:vtr#irp,r*
yourfriend's
Nowwritea letteranswering
(100-120words).
questions
exam tomorrow KeePin touchl
I rea11ylike going to school herel The
ETI
:
teachersare very helpful. lt's great fun learning i:
another languagel My classmatesare a1l really
She helps me out and is
friendly,especiallySa1ly.
in the plan,
Answerthe questions
Portfolio:
(100-120
words).
your
letter
thenwrite
;:l
very kind. Charlieis the classclown. Hes always
i::
gettinginto troublefor makingeveryonelaugh!
ET_l How are things going?Just dropping you a
I
line to tell you about life herein York.
Dear + (Jourfriend,'sfirst name)
Love,
Introduction
(Fara 7)
How are you going to Sreet lour
.fnend?I{rby are You tariting tbe letter?
Main Body
(Paras 2-3) Wbat are your new neigbbours like?
Wbat new friends have You made?
What are lbeY like?
What are Your classmateslilee?
Anna
3
Readthe letter and find examplesof shorf
forms,phrasalverbsand everydayvocabulory.
%
eYW
g f il&*wErNg YffiYffi
are
ffip wun
4
n Writebacksoonandtellmeyournews
o Sorry
beenin touchfora while.
I haven't
o Hi!What'sup?
. H i lG u e swsh a t ?
. l'mwritingto letyouknowthat.
. Can'twaitto seeyou.
. Well,that'sallfromme.
. Byefor now.
r Gotto go now.
14
Conclusion
'Wbat
(Pan 4)
are your closing remarks?
How will yow sign oJf
in the followinglistasOR
Markthe phrases
remarks).
(openingremarks)
or CR(closing
:
\A/hv
,
IATC
: ro vn t t
\T:N
/
;,..,t' lwas on time
: untilI sawa signthat:r
said"SLOWDOWN- j
HOOLAHEAD.',:.'
hat comesto mindwhen
youthinkof London?
Evenif you'venever0) bstr lhere,
youwillprobably
thinkof BigBen
TheBritishsenseof humouris
very subtle.A lot of people
find it hardto understand
our
jokes.
This is probablythe
1
reason3) ... ........
. we have
anddouble-decker
buses.
What
Again,even
il,,. aboutthe British?
i f y o u ' v e1 ) . . . . ..." . m e t
a reputationfor beingvery
sarcastrc
Howeve;our sense
of humourallowsusto mare
fun of ourselves
andseelifein
a comicallight.
people,
anyBritish
youwill
probably
comeup with ideas
suchaspunctual,reserved,
1;r,:,,,,o1d-fashioned
or polite. But
We areverypolite!We say
"Please"
and "Thankyou"
a lot.We eventhankthe
busdriverfor the ridewnen
we get off the bus!A lot of
peoplethink it isextreme,
4) ..
....politeness
is
an importantpartof our
dailylivesl
Themostcommonpicture
depictinga typical
Englishman
isa man
wearinga bowlerhat
The Britishare famous for
their sfrff upperlip. lf you
keepa stiffupperIip,you are
tryrngnot to show you are
2)
. readinglhe
Dmesnewspaper.
However,
bowlerhatsarerarelyseen
in England
nowadays!
upset.However;
the fact that
we don't show5) .....
emotionsdoesn'tmeanthat
we don't haveany!
,3F(i|ry+1."if .t?r,.r:,lf,ir,jr.1s,r1
)
't
Z
Reading&Listening
Whichof the followingadjectives
wouldyou
associate
with the British?
Why?Discuss
it in pairs.
. reserved
. loud . old-fashioned
. organised
o cold r eccentric
o sensitive
o tolerant
'
. punctual
o sarcastic
o polite
4
Whichof the adjectives
in Ex.1 do you
associate
with the peoplein yourcountry?
Discuss
it in pairs.
5
Spendtwo or threeminutesrevising
whatyou
havelearntin thislesson.
yourbooks
Close
andtell yourpartner.
6
Project:Work
in groups.Thinkof some
stereotypes
relatedto the peoplein your
country.
Writea shortarticlefor an
internationalstudentmagazine.|||ustrateit
with pictures.
a, Lookat the title of the text.Whatdo you
expectit to be about?Readandcheck.
b. Readandcomplete
the gaps(1-5).Listen
andcheck.
Thenexplain
thewordsin bold.
3
W Speaking
Saythreethingsyou remember
fromthe text.
*wm#-xvz
Wildlife habitats are only found rn the
countryside
Portd habitatsare smallerthan woodland
Listenandreadthe song.Howis it relatedto
thetitleof the unitandthe pictures?
l*is|*:n,
*v*ryb*d'y,
{* tk* rnll *{ t** ',vi!d
habitats.
H a l f o f a l l B r i t i s hw i l d l i f ei s i n d a n g e ro f
disappearing
Thorparen'tanvnlacesleft for animals
to live
{-*!ling*rte;:y
xrialt,*nd r*!!ing*vt:ryrfuit'd
{*r * vv*'yt* surviv*
{*tfir;g*r;t fr;r{z*!'p,
| . ' Y | 9 ! L -
' , {xlfi*g **t {*r {r**d*m, *nd tryiit7 t# ;t{}y #fiv*
tn.
M a n y a n i m a l sh' a b i t a t sa r e n o l o n g e rt h e
2
Discuss
eachpicture,usingthe notesbelow:
same.
Thereare fewer pondsthesedaysbecauseof
man
from extinction
9 lt'stoo lateto saveanimals
1 0 M a k i n ga p o n d i n y o u r g a r d e nc a n h e l p
. type of animal:mammal,
etc
reptile,
amphibian,
o naturalhabitat
prairie,
etc
mountains,
land- jungle,forest,
woodlands,
pond,
ocean,etc
water
river,lake,wetlands,
o endangered
by
- for food,for itsfur/etc,aspets,etc
hunting/fishing
-fires,cuttingdowntrees,
pollution,
habitatchanges
buiIding houses/roads/fences,etc
wildlife.
%,p*mWxwxg
Agency.
lmagineyouwork for the Environment
Usethe headings
in the textto talkabout
British
wildlifeandhabitats.
5
are
aremammabthatlivein forests.They
Chimpanzees
when
endangered
because
therrhabitatis destroyed
theforeststheylivein arecut down.Peoplealsohunt
themforfoodor to sellaspets.
ffiww#&rary
3
L*sh*rzxwng
talking
Youaregoingto listento someone
Listenandwrite Yes
aboutendangered
species.
or Nonextto eachsentence.
6
a. Lookat thetitleof thetextandthe
headings.
Whatdo youthinkyouaregoing
readandcheck.
to readabout?Listen.
1 There
endanqered
arearound12,000
specres
ro0ay.
2 TheRedDataListgivesdetails
of
endangered
wildlife
Manyplantsarealsoendangered
because
of humans
Getting the main idea
Everyparagraphcontainsa main idea.Findingthe
main ideaof eachsectionhelpsyou understand
the author'spurpose.
b. In pairs,
findthe mainideain eachparagraph.
purpose
Whatistheauthor's
in writing?
4
(1-10)about
Lookat the sentences
Readthe text
wildlifeandhabitats.
asI
carefully
andmarkeachsentence
(true)or F(false).
the
Thenexplain
meanings
of thewordsin bold.In
pairs,
titlefor thetext.
thinkof another
'l Britain
of wildlife
hasa widevariety
to live
needa lot of space
2 Allanimals
ln
TheEuropean
bisonis endangered
because
of hunters.
because
5 Theredwolfisendangered
manhascutdownthetrees
Thinkof tenwordsyouhavelearntin this
lesson.
ln pairs,makesentences
usingthem.
7
ffiWrihnA
&{
-
1.J'
Workin groups.
information
Portfolio:
Collect
your
in
countryand
abouttwo wildlifehabitats
the animals
that livethere.Writea shortarticle
words)for a teenmagazine.
aboutthem(50-80
youropinion.
Write:r,vhere
theyare,whatlivesthere,
yourarticle
with pictures.
Decorate
Whatfrswfifidfllfsf
'\Vildlife'
meansall the plants,animalsand other livingthingsfound in the
lvild. Thesecanbe mammalssuchassquirrels,reptileslikethe sandlizard,
fish,insects,andtiny littleanimalsthatyou can'tseeeasily.
What etrffif;"Hebfitets?
lJabitatsare the placeswhere plantsand animalslive. They are all around us
- on the land, in the water, in the city and in the countryside.Habitatscan be
large,like woodlands and farmlands, or small, like ponds and hedgerows.
Some animalslive in reallytiny places,like the spacebetweensand grains!
Whatis fuapperning?
In the UK alone,there are about 37,000 differentspeciesof animalsand 65,000
differentspeciesof plants.Sadly,though, over the last 100 years more than 170
plant and animd specieshavecompletelydisappeared.
Today,about 1 5% of all Britishwildlife is still at risk, especiallyanimalssuch
as the otter and the brown hare. Unlesswe do somethingto help, things will
only get worse.
The main reason why some types of plants and animals are becoming
endangered species is that their habitatsare lost or have changed.Animals
like moths, birds and bats have lost their homes as people have cut down
ihe hedgerowsthey Iive in. Also, a lot of ponds are no longer suitablefor
ihe animalsand plants to live in becausethey are polluted, or people have
f i l l e dt h e m i n .
Whmttreg'd
we d#3
We need to save many species of endangered British wildlife from
extinction before it is too late. You can help by supportingenvironmental
groups like the EnvironmentAgency that are working to protect our rare
n,ildlifeand habitatsfrom the danger of disappearingforever.You can even
create a small wildlife habitat yourself, by making a pond at school or in
),our garden.
Fora leaflet
yourownwildlife
pond,
please
about
howtocreate
call:0645333111.
Copyright
O Environment
Agency
&rt-"-r*)
c hi n c hi l l a
chimpanzee
orownnare
Wr;rzr{
?"'&,r*z;'a
{:r,'*',ffiffi%w%w,
tr* rrzw.ls"*
You1)
makea wildlifeoond 7) . .. .. softunderthe liningso it
in your.garden
quiteeasily,
whether doesn't teara. You can use old
yY: gi: t':l:::i:\y_or int hecitv
Wdfu*w?
newspapers
if you like
1lf&rt*rv.tfuwt?
Thebestttme2)
year,to.99i, Dig the hole for the pond.you
can
is rn November.
Thent ; pondwtll be , makeit the size
and
shape
that
you
^by_^^
^^. i:
3)
thesprins
:--
wtu*r*,,*
;;;i nii ii #-t. *;U
- 1* --j I if
i.:i :::; 1":n:'iliolr...o
1
aroundthe edges.
Clearaway
Whereyouput the pondis4) ........... shallows
all
the
put
stones,
in
the
newspapers
importint iirst, it needsto b. on t"u"t
andthepondlinerandaddthewater.
groundl.Secondly,
it 5) . .............
to be I
somewhere
thatis quitesunny
butatsol Mfu,e*
eb,#W4
W?3#
w;g#M\fufuy*-'
withsomeshade2.
,
,wi*fu?
|
W,{&v**
The pond needsto have a lininq3
6 ) . . . . . . . t h a t t h e w a t e r s t aiyns.v i
can buy a flexiblepond linei from a i
gardencentre You also need to put
*; * ,
]^eanh
,
Lookat the picture.
In pairs,say:
3toy",ofpiiitx
Tunlighr
q\
- t . . . . . . . . . . . t. w
. .o
. w e e k sy o u c a na d d
pond plantsin and aroundthe pond.
As 10)
...the animals,
mostof
t u r nu p 6o n t h e i ro w n- n o t
lat
l.twill
once'but overtime
-- -*-
apull apan, get a
hole
t;;;";rp
6appear
. wherethepicture
wastaken
Reading
. \A/hrt \/nr I ran qoo
o whatthepeople
aredoing
. whattheyareweanng/feeling
3
Listening
2
:
Listen
andcheck.
: ! -
".
1 A can
4 A very
B could
C may
B a t
C o f
B a v a i l a b l e C complete
B too
C much
5 A must
B can
2 A i n
3 A ready
' : ' \
' : ' / : ; : :
\
pairs,
try to answer
Readandcheck.
the questions.
b . Complete
the text with the correctword for eachspace.
a. Youaregoingto listento
somebody
talkingaboutwhy
treesareimoortant.
Listenand
choosethe correctwords.
*.; ..'
In
a . Readthe title of the text aboveandthe headings.
* ' ' h ' h h " ' q * . ' *
\
b " "
a
4
C has
6 A because B s o
7 A nothing B anything
8 A most
B least
9 A When
B Later
C t o
1 0 A for
C with
B far
D might
D t o
D arranged
D many
D should
D for
C everythingD something
C best
D worst
D After
C Before
D t o
plant,stort,recycle,
a. Usethe verbsto completethe phrases'.
raise,
adopt,
send,use.
2
1 ... ....... a campaign
to protectthe environment;
money;3 ..
. trees;4
r u b b i s h5;. . . . . . . l e t t e r s
to localpapers;
6
an animal;7 .. .. publictransport
b. Usethe notesaboveto givea
shorttalk on why treesare
important.
waysyou canhelpprotectthe
b . Workin groups.Suggest
environment.
plantsome
A: Ithinkwe
should
trees.
B: That's
a qoodidea.Wecanalso...
It
t0
Speoking
Lookat thepictures.
Usetheideas
to discuss
technology
andmodern
life.
7
Matchthe pairsof words,then usethe phrases
to complete
the sentences.
Aretheresimilar
expressions
in yourlanguage?
tn
)U
9reen
fresh
red
rd
1y
rS
brown
_ !-;-.,
d udr>y
ie%,.
- ,'errV
----..
a
grass
rllrlllrrE]tr,.f6ielrrri]ir'r'"
1 Janehasgot a lovelysuntan- she's
t0
c
rf
rt
2 lwent to bed latelastniqht,but I feel . . . .
t h i sm o r n i n g
Whenhe startedworkingfor the companyhe
WAS
but now he is muchmoreexperienced.
4 SnowWhite hasskinas white as snow and
1ips......
&&w
*;:
travel
faster
"/&#
q
havebetterliving
conditions
produce
things
faster
andbetter
communicate
better
I
people's
lives
can 1
besaved
8
there
isa lotofair
pollution
losetheir
animals
habitat
factory
waste
pollutes
thewaier
people
arelonely
people
stilldieol
starvation
orillness
1 Unless
we do something
soon.manyspecies
will ......
out (becomeextinct)
2 I can't
out what type of
insectthis prctureshows (see/understand)
3 lf we don't start protecting
wildlifehabitats,
m a n ya n i m a l w
s ill
out of
placesto live (haveno more)
4 Tomis
. . out - he'sbeendigging
a holefor a pondall morning(exhausted)
A: Manhasmadecarsandaeroplanes,
so we can
travelfaster.
B: That's
true...butontheotherhand,thereisa lotof
airpollution.
5 PaulSterryhas.
.. . out a book
of beautiful
wi ldlifephotographs.(published)
lO
9
3rs
ort
Underline
the correctpreposition
in bold.
Checkin your dictionaries.
Makesentences
usingthe phrasesin italics.
'l
A lot of animalsareot/inriskofextinction.
2 We mustprotecthabitatsof/fromdisappearing
3 Youcan helosayeanimalsof/fromextinction
4 Chinchillas
areat/indangerof extinction.
'Wildlife'
5
meansanimalslivinqat/inthewild.
Spendtwo or three minutesrevisingwhat you
havelearntin this lesson.Closeyour books
and tell your partner.
slWrlffing"
.ft-*.-r1ll*6ry*
gl
Portfolio:Workin groups.Prepare
a leaflet
advertising
anEnvironment
Dayyourgroupis
organising.
youaregoingto do.
Listtheactivities
19
e#wffime
For
Wfum
ffiwblic
Modal verbs - "mlrst" I
"havg to", "should"I
"ought to", "mustn't"
You1) .........
treat
thecountryside
asyouwould
yourhome.
treat
Besafe- planahead
andfollow
anysigns
y
o
u
g
o
y
o
u
When
f o ra w a l k , 2 ) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .c, .h. .e.c.t.kh. .e
yousei off andreferto upto-date
weather
forecast
before
ma0s,
gates
Leave
andproperty
asyoulindthem
You3)........,..
climb
over
fences
orhedges
ortouch
machinery.
you
Infields
withcrops 4)....................,......
follow
thepaths
around
theedges.
Donotwalkacross
them.
plants
Protect
andanimals
andtakeyourlitterhome
You5)
.....droplitter- it is dangerous
to
wildlife
andcanspr:ead
diseases.
KeeF
dogsunder
close
control
Bylaw,you6)........,..
yourdogona shorl
keep
lead
near
farmanimals.
people
Consider
other
You7) ..........
people.
showrespect
forlocal
Drive
gateways
slowly
anddon'tblock
withyourcar.
@
G r a m m aR
r eference
o
Readthe speechbubbles.
Which
of the modalsin boldexpress:
. prohibition(it's wrong/against
thelaw)?
. advice/suggestion
(it'sthe right
t h i n ot o d o ) ?
. obligation/duty/necessity
(its the
c
o
r
o
You must/have to
followthe trafficsigns.
)
Youshould/
ought to respect
the elderly.
i
Youmustn'thunt
endangered
species
)speaking
2
Lookat thesigns
belowMake
fullsentences
usingmust/haveto,
mustn't
or should
to explain
what
theynnean.
i'
';
Readthe text aboveandcomplete
the gapswith must,
mustn'tor should.Listenandcheck.
youaretakinga schoolclass
lmagine
on a tripto the
countryside,
Tellthe students
what theymustlmustn't/should/
shouldn't
do.
Word formation (formingnounsfrom verbs)
Useyourdictionaries
to complete
eachsentence
with the
nounderivedfromthe word in bold.
1 Thereis a meetingon elephant
week (CONSERVE)
2 W e ' v eg o t a h u g e. .
artist (COLLECT)
tf0Gs
I0 Br
KIPTolt ttAlf
20
4
Reoding & Listening
1 People
mListn't
ridetheirbikeson
thepublicfootpath.
.. next
s this
. . . . . . .o. f p a i n t i n gby
3 You can ask questions
at the
programme
(C
. ONCLUDE)
Thezoo announced
that therewill be a
in staffbecause
(REDUCE)
of financial
difficulties
Recycling
helpscontrolenvironmental
(POLLUTE)
of the
"Will"l"Going to"
Timewords & the future "@
GrammarReference
Matchsentences
1-3to whattheyexpress:
plon/intention,
future
a
basedonwhat
a prediction
wesee,o prediction
basedonwhatwethinUbelieve.
1 Lookat thosedarkclouds!
lt'sgoingto rain.
2 l'm goingto joinGreenpeace
thisyear.
3 I thinkhewill succeed.
a. Peter's
to
classhavemadesomedecisions
helpthe environment.
Askandanswer.
group(/)
1 joinan environmental
pond
2 makea
at school(/)
(X)
3 go on a schooltrip to the countryside
(/)
4 takepartin a clean-up
campaign
5 buywildlifeposters(X)
6 visita wildlifepark(/)
b. Whatareyougoingto do to helpprotect
the environment?
Discuss.
".*W'
GrammarReference
I
He'llcomeassoonashefinishes
work.
l'llleave
whenshegetshere.(timeword)
(question
BUT:Whenwillshegethere?
word)
b. Puttheverbsin brackets
intothe present
simple
or future.
1 CanI seeAnn beforeshe
(leave)?
2 We
you'reready.
(wait)until
) ave
. ( m e e tD
W h a tw i l lh ed o a f t e rh e . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(finish)school?
What doesshewant to be whenshe.
.....(growup)?
Sentence
transformations
Futurecontinuous,
future perfect
Whichverbform expresses:
a previously
arrangedaction?an actionin progress
at a
certaintime in the future?an actionfinished
beforea certainfuturetime?
1 Thistimenextweekl'll betravelling
to Spain.
2 Thistimenextweekl'll havefinishedmyproject
3 l'll be seeing
Anntonight
t
Whattensedo we use
10 a. Readthe examples.
aftertime words(when,
until,before,
assoon
as,ofter,etc)to referto the future?
S h e. . . . . . . . . . . . .
beforeshegoeshome.
group?
A: Aretheygoingtojoin an environmental
B: Yes,
theyare.Doyouthinktheywill...
I
GrammarReference
thesecond
sentence
sothat it means
the
11 Complete
sameasthefirst.Useno morethanthreewords.
programmes,
1 Withoutbreeding
manyanimal
. , . _ /r_l r s a p p e a r .
Without breedingprogrammes,
manyanimal
<norio<
m:rl
soecres
out
2 Why don'twe takethe children
to the zoo?
We . .
the children
to the zoo
3 My intentionisto helpthe environment.
l'm
h e l ot h e e n v i r o n m e n t
4 lt'sagainstthe law to droplitterrnthe street
b . Putthe verbsin the correcttense.
1 A : How longhaveyou beenin thisclub?
B : Rv tho ond nf lrrno I
. (be)with them for a year.
I
2 A " Aren'tyou meetingBob?
B : Bythe timewe getthere,he
.. . (leave)
)
lxt
3 A : When'syourScience
test?
B : T h r st i m et o m o r r o wI . . . . . .... . . . ..
4 A : We
hrs
You . .
.......lrtterin the street.
5 The law saysyou must keepyour dog on a
shortleadnearfarmanimals
By law.
to keepyour dog
on a shortleadnearfarmanimals.
( s i t )i t
(meet)
twoorthreeminutes
revising
the
12 Spend
grammar
youhavelearntinthis
structures
lesson.
Inpairs,
makesentences
using
them.
Tomtonrght Wouldyou liketo come?
he
B : l'd loveto but I can't
9
Whatwill you be doing:at 6 o'clocktomorrow
afternoon?at 8:30Sundoyevening?Whatwill
you havedoneby the timeyouare30?
Portfolio:Useyouranswers
in Ex.7b to writea
your
shortletterto
friendaboutwhatyou are
goingto do to helpprotectthe environment.
21
-
i w*'u',j-;:";'"'r.n'
.+
aiq.i
riil,tL*lid*ii*ld;iiilLidt!,!i*r1ri'r.ii.:!,j.::i...::::'."
-':r
Matt: Don't you just loveit here?Forestas far as you can see,fresh
Lookat the picture.
Listen
to the sounds.
youareexploring
lmagine
this
area.What canyou see/hear/
smeII/touch/taste/feel?
2 lntonation
Listenandrepeat.Whichwords
arestressed?
Whichsentences
express:
criticism?
apology?
Don'tyoujustloveit here?
Whatareyoudoing?
What's
wrongwiththat?
Pickupyourrubbish
!
Sorry | didn'tthinkof that.
That'sno excuse
Well,I suppose
you'reright.
a i r s, i l e n c e . . .
John: Yes,it's great.l'm getting hungry.though,so let'stake a
snackbreak.
Matt: All right- but not for long.We'vestillgot plentyto seel
J o h n :O K
Matt: What areyou doing?
John:Throwingmy rubbishaway.What'swrongwith that?
Matt: Pickup yourrubbish!We werejust admirrngnature,and you
decideto droplitterin the forestl
.John:Sorry- | didn't think of that. Anyway,it's not likethere'sa
rubbishbin here!
Matt: That'sno excuse.
You'repollutingthe forest!Animalslivehere
People
camphere.Theydeserve
a cleanenvironment.
J o h n :W e l l .I s u p p o syeo u ' r er i g h t .t ' l lp i c ki t u p .
Matt: That'smorelikeitl
| , :. _..rr:r.iiiri:rrii1r,.*.1:,,,.or.,,,..,,,"***ta*.Uu*Ur,.q*U*S*Ui8!*rft{**$$ryrrt?
Makingsuggestions
& agreeing
In pairs,usethe language
in thetable,the ideaslistedand
yourown ideasto actout conversations
asin the examples.
. helpsaveforests
/ uselesspaper/ plantnewtrees
r cutdownon rubbish
paper,
plastic
/ recycle
andglass
/ reuse
plastic
bags
o protect
wildlife
group/ create
/ joinanenvironmental
a
wildlife
habitat
in ourgardens
. saveenergy
/ usesolarpower/ useenergy-efficient
lightbulbs
b Reading
Thesentences
abovearefrom
the dialogue.
Whatdo youthink
the dialogue
isabout?Listen,
readandcheck.
4
because..
22
A: Let's
helpsaveourforests
paper.
byusingless
B: That's
a goodidea!We
couldalsoplantnewtrees.
A: Goodthinking.
Readthe dialogue
againand
complete
the sentences.
1 Matt likesforestsbecause
2 J o h nw a n t s. .
3 Matt getsangrywith John
4 Johncan'tfrnd
5 Matt persuades
Johnto
*
a
Let's
a
a
Why don'tyoulwe. .?
How about(+ ing)?
a
Why not (+ infl?
a
a
O
a
OK.Why not?
That'sa(n)excellenVgood
idea!
G o o dt h i n k i n g
( W h a ta ) g o o d / g r e ai td e a !
Lookat thepicture.
to
Usethequestions
discuss
it in pairs.
6
I
2
3
4
5
Where/ picturetaken?(lna...)
What / you/ see?(lcan...)
How/ people/ feel?(They
...)
Why / they/ do this?(Because
...)
(/...)
How/ you/ help/ environment?
Listening for specific information
Beforeyou listen,read the questionsand try
to guesseachanswer.Listenthe first time and
checkyour guesses.
Check eachansweragain
carefullywhen you listenfor the secondtime.
I
Expresslng
interest
I
Speoking
Readthe example.
Lookat the factsandthe
language
box.In pairs,actout dialogues
asin
the example.
YoucanalsouseideasfromEx.7.
8
Listening
Youwill hearsomeone
talkingabout
forests.Readthe questions.
Canyouguessthe
correctanswer?
Listen,andput a tick(/) in
the correctboxfor eachquestion.
A: Scientists
haveidentified
morethan2,000
species
offishin theAmazon
Basin.
B: Isthatso?
1 WhydoesDavid
thinkforests
areimportant?
Theysupport60%of the world'swildlife
Tharr
nrnrrido
inh<
FS,{TS
$rS
r$ffi{Jffif;S
Theyhelpkeepthe climatein balance.
Why do somecompanies
do research
on forest
plants?
' a'.L '
to find new products
to find differentkindsof food
'
to discover
new medicines
In somepartsof the world, forestsprovidethe
Inrel nonnlo
| /s ol the world's fresh wqler is
in the Anqzon Bqsin.
Only 2OO,OOOIndinns live there
nowcdoys.
More lhen 2Oo/oof the world's
orygen is produced lhere.
rn,ifh
FI-l mostof the foodtheyeat.
tt-l-l woodto makealltheirfurniture.
f,f] theonlywayto heattheirhouses.
Mostof thewoodtakenfromforests
N-l isusedfor paper.
El-l isburnedasfue,
iscutdownfor timber.
il
Whatharmsforests
the most?
FT--lforestfires
FTI humanactions
ETlclimate chanse
WhatdoesDavidsaywe candoto saveforestsT
paper
tAT_l planttreesandrecycle
paper
buy
less
recycleo
tt-l-l
choose
woodproducts
fromtreesyou
il
growyourself
Really!lsthat so? Howinteresting!
| neverknewthat!
9
Spendtwo or threeminutesrevising
whatyou
yourbooks
havelearntin thislesson.
Close
andtellyourpartner.
I H o "O i i y o ug e t ,
See that tree'1
that blackeye?
,&
overthere?,/
j,.j
i',
;i
YCS..
-.,,..,.,.,.,,.'...
.,..,.'.
",,_..-.-,.:
rllell,t didl-tf;
23
ffiwtr*wmry
w%mwtwffi
ffixywtt/lnd i rect quw%Kwffitrx%
Readtheadvertbelow.Whatisit about?What
information
doesit give?
Wfuetttwse
Wwwbwwg
f \wsv't
I stwrt?
a. Readthe questions
below.Howdoesword
questions?
orderdifferin directandindirect
3
WhereisTom?(direct)
DoyouknowwhereTomis?(indirect)
#wYnew&ww
ffiw&'
in the boxto change
W}:W:WWWWW,Wb. Usethe expressions
"tr,'?*u
I
&, &
u uW,
%.,'&'.
W,
q"d
a"T
u.A
"
in Aslit.onh{*uror:irLl
Park
w%.&,:,w,@WW
wffi,,W
w:6pW.
Formore
informotion
ond
form,
onentry
writeto:
Boxier,
John
Rood,
ZZShelley
Lonco$er
LAI5PH
questions.'
the directquestions
to indirect
you (please)tell
Can/Could
me/letme know ?
I wouldliketo/beinterested
to know/findout ...
1 Whattime doesit start?
2 How muchdoesit cost?
3 Do I needanyspecial
equipment?
\N&se*n
&mteI ewtra*s?
I a\wsavxg
lf youwantedto joinin theactivity,
whatfurther
information
wouldyouliketo have?In pairs,
questions
makecomplete
fromthe notesin blue.
swwanfu
ffig;wt
t' x*sY?
4 How longdoesthe naturewalk last?
c. Findall the questionsin the letter.Which
onesaredirect,and which are indirect?
LwYrw
&w*W
x&wwwr
Ywwxr
Kwxwm
Readandcomplete
the letterwith the phrases
(a-f).Whatis eachparagraph
about?Howdoes
thisletterdifferfromthe oneon p. 14?
2
Portfolio:Readthe rubric,answerthequestions,
thenwriteyourletter(100-150
words).
4
+'
ri9
DearYIrBoxter,
. . . . . . . .w
. i t h r e g a r dt o y o u r
W D
odvertisement
in the EveningReporter.
I om
interested
in tokingpartin thenaturewotkand
I wouldlikesomeJurtherinJormatlon
aboutit.
. . . . . . .,.d o e si t c o s o
t ngthing
W 2)
to tokeport or is it Jree?I woutdatsolike to
Jind out whot tlme the wolk starts,as wetlos
how [ongit losts.
. . . . . . . .l .w, o u t dl i k et o k n o w
W g
whetherI needto wear speclalctothingor
Yousawthisposter
onyourschool
noticeboard
and
youwouldlikesomemoreinformation.
Writea
youmade.
letterusing
thenotes
w,wmv,"..K6w*
,.',
,;',mxl$"
ffq,Y'
W&w:'6'*wi6?'
,hx:::::,BrianJones,
bring angthingwith me.4)
wi[[ reJreshments
be providedor do I hoveto
bring mg own?5)
, coutd
goutetlmewhenthectosingdoteJorentries[s?
fuwThank Uou in advanceJor gour hetp.
6) ..............
t o h . e a r t Jn rgo mg o u .
Ynttr< <inroroltt
I v 4 | J
J ! | ! L ! | L l y ,
JaneLipman
JoneLipmo
24
a To beginwith
b I look forward
d F i nal l y
e Forexample
c I am writing
f
lnaddition
,,oriril,
_ .,_.._
Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss + (tbe surname of the person)
Introduction
What are your opening remarks?
(Para 7) rVby are you uriting?
Main Body |Vbat infonnation do you uant?
(Paras 2-3) Wbat questiottstuill you ask?
Conclusion j[/hat arc !ou" closing rentarks?
(Para 4)
Yorn'ssittcerely- 4'our full rtatne)
2
Readthetextandmarkthe
sentences
f (true)or F(false).
Thenexplain
thewordsin bold.
1
2
3
4
Pesticides
arechemicals ..
Pesticides
harmcrops
protect
Pesticides
wildlife.. ....
Pesticides
aredangerous.
Readagain.Whatdo the
highlighted
wordsreferto?
In pairs,
fill in thegapswith
the numbers
below.Listenand
check.
4
. 37 . 500 . 400 . 31,000
Did you know?
1)
tonnesof pesticides
are
sprayed
on UKlandeachyear
2) .
.. pesticides
have been
: a n n e dr nt h e U K .
:uropehasstoppedusing3)
:,fferentpesticides
in the last10 years.
5 pesticides
are approvedfor use in
crganic farming. but non-organic
iarmerscanuseabout4)
7 Speaking
twoor threeminutes
5 Spend
revising
whatyouhavelearntin
yourbooks
thislesson.
Close
and
tellyourpartner.
b Project
nearyouand
6 Goto a supermarket
make
a listof allthepesticides.
What
eachusedfor?
What are pesticides?
A'pest'isanylivingthingthatharmscropgroMh,carries
diseaseor causesdamage.Some rnethodsof pest
control are natural,but other methodsuse chemicals
Flyspray,rat poisonandsimilarthings
calledpesticides.
you mayusein everyday
lifeareall pesticides.
Why do we needpesticides?
Farmersuse pesticides
to protectcropsfrom insects,
diseases
and weedswhile they are growing.Theyalso
preventrats and mice, flies and other insectsfrom
foodswhentheyarestored.
contaminating
helpus controlantsandcockroaches
Pesticides
in our
homesanddestroymitesandticks.Pesticides
in wood
andwoolrnakeourfurnitureandclotheslastlonger.
Why are people concerned about the use of
pesticides?
Pesticides
canbe useful,buttheycanalsoharmpeople,
wildlifeandtheenvironment.
Thisiswhytherearestrict
controlsovertheirsaleanduse.
Many peopleobject to their use becausepesticides
our drinkingwaterand causehealth
cancontaminate
problems.
Someof the mostcommonlyusedpesticides
aretoxic
andhumans
to animals
andlargeamounts
makeus ill.
They can give us headachesand stomachache,
damageour skin, hair and nails,and leadto weight
loss.Experts
believe
thatsomeof themcanevencause
cancer.
25
Vocabulary
& Grammar
Useof English
Fillin the missingword.
1 Cutting
habitats.
3
treescandestroyanimal
1 Heather
Blackhaspublished
a bookabout
endangered
species
2 H e rb r o t h elro v e tso w o r k H ei sa . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .
3 Tonykeepsa(n) . .. . .. on thingswhenl'm away.
4 H e t r i e st o k e e po n g o o d . . . . . . . . . . . .w. i t h
H e a t h eBr l a c k . . . . . . .
out a bookaboutendangered
species
2 lt's againstthe law to drop litter on the
pavement.
h i sn e i g h b o u r s .
Richard
. . after hisfather.Bothhave
got blackhairand blueeyes
6 Canyou
. out the rubbish?
7 Please
do me a ......
. Watchmy house
You ..........
l i t t e ro n t h e p a v e m e n t .
Couldyouchange
the sheets?
Do you
the sheets?
when I'm away.
8 Thisawfulmusicdrivesme
Our neighbourtakescareof my baby sister
whenevermy parentsareat work
9 They'vebeenstudyingEnglish
..... . lastMay.
10 He'salwaysas . . .
.. asa bee.
O u rn e i g h b o u. r. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... m y b a b ys i s t e r
whenevermy parentsareat work.
Canyou describe
Peterto me?
Canyou tell me what
(10marks)
2
Complete
the secondsentence
so that it means
the sameasthe first.Useup to threewords.
Circlethe correctitem.
We can . ......a wildlifehabitatby makinga
pon0.
A recycle
B fill in
(10marks)
4
C create
You . . . .. let yourdog barkall night.
A don't haveto B shouldn't C must
1 Youmustbe very.....
Cindytriesto get
with herneighbours
A along
B clear
C after
A sensible
B creative
do childish
or sillythings
C organised
A l o t o f a n i m a lasr ei n . . . . . . . o f e x t i n c t i o n
A illness
B danger
C risk
He has
EXTINCT
. . . . . . . . . . .h; e d o e s n ' t
4 M r H a r r i issv e r y
SENSE
Sho rnrritoc n^amq
Could you pleasedo the washing
tonight?
A u p
B out
C off
A already
whenyou
drive.
CARE
2 Ann isa very
person.IMAGINE
3 We mustsaveendanoered
animals
from
A lot of peoplearestilldyingof
A erosion
B habitat
C starvation
H o r < i c t o r i'c" v"a.r'r r, ,
Complete
the sentences
with the correctword
derivedfromthe wordsin bold.
cleared
the table
B since
C yet
(8 marks)
Communication
5
Complete
the exchanges.
a What'she like?
b Don'tworryaboutit.
c Couldyou tidyyour
room,please?
d That'san excellent
idea!
e Pleased
to meetyou
M a n yp l a n t sa n da n i m a lasr e . . . . .. . s p e c i e s .
A natural
B wildlife C endangered
10 W h y d o n ' t w e s e n da l e t t e rt o t h e . . . . . . . . . .
newspapers?
A fresh
B tocal
A : Whydon'tyoujoinan environmental
group?
B:
A : We haven'tmet before.havewe? l'm Judy
Green
B:
Reading
He istalkative
and friendly
Readandchoose
the correctwordfor eachspace.
Srrrc Nln nrnhloml
l'm sorryI didn'tmeanto forgetyourbook
(10mdrks)
Listening
7
:I
Youwill heara conversation
betweenClaire
andherfriend,Tom,abouta school
tripto a
safaripark.Decideif eachsentence
is correct
or incorrect.
lf it is correct,
tick(/)YES.lf it is
not correct,
tick(/) NO.
Yes No
Claireand herclassmates
are
payingfor the trip.
7
I
d
)u
E
E
2 Theschooltour will lastone day.
3 Claireis boredwith the detailsof
t h et n p
Twoof Claire's
classmates
won't
g o o n t h et r i p .
Tomhasmanaged
to overcome
h i sf e a ro f w i l da n i m a l s
Claireis lookingforwardto the trip
rr
E E
E T
ttE
rI]
E E
(12morks)
T
l't
Writing
iE
Thisis partof an e-mailyou received
fromyour
pen-friend:
T h ep e r s o nI a d m i r em o s ti s m ym u mW
. hat
Mnffiffi$ffi,
irj
ajl
r,!
;1ii
,.,i
,li
'.i
Morethcn507o
of peoplel) ....,... thewoddlive
in cities,The2)
of peoplelivingin citiesis
:)
yeor,In Europeond the
..,,
3)
,..,.,.
bigger
every
'rl
people
USA,80o/"
of
liveincities.
Peoolemoveto citiesto:
. 4 ) . . ,. . .. ,, o j o b
o be neordoctors
ond hospitols
. go to school5) ,, ,,,,, university
. be neor shops,cinemos,restouronts
ond
sports
focilities
Wheno lolof peopleliveincitieslhereoreproblems:
. People
6) , ,..,. o lotof rubbish.
. Corsondfoctories
oollutetheoir.
. Peoplebuildcitieson formlondso thereis
7')....,...,londforgrowing
food
o Peoplecleor wild oreosto buildcities,so
plonts
ondonimols
8) ., ...,. theirhcbiiots
. Somepeoplemoveto cities
9) ..,,...,,.,..
con't
findjobsor o home,Threebillionpeoplelive
in cities,but one billionhaven'tgot o house,
l0) . ...... wofer,electricity
oro job,
.:li
1
r$ftfi1l1tl{,rr.:
A
lerr"',,,
i.'r iiri':
B i n
d L
C o n
C part
2 A number
3 A making
B rest
B getting
4 A rooK
B search
C find
5 A or
6 A rarse
7 A |^-tE))
B but
B d o
C else
8 A rose
9 A o- tt).u^
B miss
B and
B public
B few
1 0 A clean
C rising
C create
C many
C spend
C but
C local
QA marks)
(Total= 100marks)
OU
Nm*fff ffimfrq,,,
p?
dy
Write an e-mail answeringyour pen-friend's
questions(100-120 words).
(20 marks)
people's
describe
appearance
& character
talkandwriteabouttheenvironment
writea letterto a frienddescribing
people
writea letteraskinq
for information
l:t::,'
t
'
)'tt:"':::
"::''
27
rs4$wiffw'
#*sd,;
-ffi ** "-tpw.#.
HfiSmfifiiL$lii$tt
:'q1i1j.i't#'r!'
W Reading & Listening
ii
a. Lookat the titleandreadthe
introduction.
Whatdo youthink
thearticle
isabout?
' ; i
b. In pairs,
thinkof onethingyou
canreduce,
oneyoucanreuse
andoneyoucanrecycle.
Listen
andreadthe text. Doesit
mentionanyof yourideas?
2
"$tlsjr!$r'q{"[F,r,wr]$\qylL!fr[q$:qT$4$]g-u4l@j!.rellsi$rllp}ni-$ttlss
rarvrlina
5 Youcan'trecycle
mobile
phones
4
Whatarethe peopledoing
wrong?Whatshouldtheydo?
ffiEIJSH
RECYCLE
By reusingmaterialswe can
cut down on the amountof
rubbishwe haveio get rid of.
In a lifetime,
the
averagepersonthrows
away600 timestheir
weightin wastelWe
can reduceour waste
output by recycling.
As
well as glass,
plasticand
aluminium,
pape[ you can also
recycre:
0 Shanebooks,magazines
ano newspapers.
W Speaking
yourbookandtellyoul'
Close
partner
threewaysof helping
the
environment.
t\liifil'lr,lirjil\ilIi\l"t
li("iIri:iiri'l rillli\l" t;\l [ifir{:riiNrilirr
l'ri'l"i,,irl ifirirriri|ll iiri:'lii,li,!iti;rirl'i!i|,,.
aren't
usino
- them.
,ft
s
4 R e u s ge l a s sa, l u m i n i u me,t c
3
l l
Fuel:
- this helpsreduceair pollution.
I Usepublictransport
Water:
- don'tleavetaps runningwhenyou
S Usewaterefficiently
helpsthe environment
af
I
''t'llt';
RFDLJEE
1 Taking
thebushelpsreduce
pollutron
T
2 Usinorecharoeable
batteries
incto:d
,
ri
Everytime we turn on the tap or the lightswitch,we're
wastinEvaluableresources!Here'showio reduceyouruse
of theseresources:
Electricity:
$ Use energy-efficientproducts.
e Turnoff lightsand electricalapplianceswhen you'renot
u s i n Et h e m .
Paper,etc:
$ Buyin bulk - thishelpsavoidexcesspackaging.
Readthestatements
andmark
(true)
(false).
themI
Then
or F
explain
thewords/phrases
in bold.
by reducing
waste
3 Alwaysuseplasticbags
w h e ny o ug o s h o p p i n g
i r l r i r , "
li,illr
Giveawayold items you
don'tneed (suchas
clothes,CDs,games,
DVDs,etc)to charity.
Use rechargeable
batteries.
0
Use canvasor clothbags
whenyougo shopping
insteadof plasticones.
C Mobilephones&
compurers
0
Motoroil
0
Fluorescentlight
bulbs
C Printerink
cartridges
5
Thinkof tenwordsyouhavelearntin thislesson.
In pairs,
makesentences
usingthem.
W Project
paper.
A: Billiswasting
paper
B: Hecansave
if hesets...
28
Partfolio:
In groups,
collectinformation
andprepare
a three'3
rninutespeech
yourselves.
aboutthe Rs'.Record
i
Units 3-4
\
.
a
express
dissatisfaction
*
askfor details
t a l ko n t h e p h o n e
makepoliterequests
a
dpqrriho nirf rrro<
a
ts Practise..,
a
)
Before
youstart...
a
. What makesa goodnerghbour?
r What do you do to helpprotectthe
environment?
)
Lookat Module2
Findthe pagenumbers
for pictures
)
Findthe unitandpagenumber(s)
for
.
.
.
r
.
)
f
E
E
t]
E
Listen,
readandtalkabout...
.
.
.
.
.
o
)
accommodation
symbols
tour advertisements
a streetsign
a cartoonstrip
a literatureextract
transport
accommooatton
holidays
& holidayproblems
feelings
good manners
education
& schoolactivities
Learnhowto ...
.
b o o ka g u i d e dt o u r
pastIenses
usedto - would
a
ronnrfod
a
reportingverbs/modal
verbs
idiomsrelatedto holidays,
education
formingadjectives
with negative
meaning,
nounsfromverbs
phrasalverbswith off,down
a
a
cnoorh
JflssL,
I
F Write...
c a shortarticlefor a magazine
aboutyour
worstholidayexpelence
. a letterto a friendfrom a holidayhotel
r a shortparagraph
describing
someof the
thingsyou usedto do on holidaywhenyou
wereyounger
o a story(1stpersonnarrative)
. a leafleton how a visitorto yourcountry
s h o u l db e h a v w
e h i l ed i n i n go u t
. an e-mailto a pen-friend
aboutyourschool
life
r
a
nr e
n d .against
en:in<f oq<:rr
a ffor
and
HolidayCamps
Glip:Butlin's
Gulture
Pvgmalion
Cut(Literature):
Curricular
Plants
riendslCarnivorous
Eco-f
29
ffiffiffiry
ffiil=milBffi
yor: had a hotidaywhenesennething
l--{ave
or everything
went wrong?
Ev*rycnewantsto have a good time whenthey go on holiday,and it
can be very upsettingwhenthe dnearnhotidaythat you'vesaved up
fon and &emkedflsrward to a[[ year &e'lnals
ie'rtsyour worst nightmare.
F{ereanesCIffiebad experiences
and pro[:lemsfrorn readens'ho[idays"
'trffi ou can just imagine the scene. We had just
fiit finished a lovely picnic in a remote mountain
forestin centralFrance.Relaxedand happy,we made
our way back to the road where we had left our car,
only to discoverthat we had lost the keys! lt was
gettingdark and there wasn'ta soul around.I don't
thinkwe had everfelt so terrified!Noneof our mobile
phones had any reception so we just had to wait.
Eventually,
hourslater,we heardthe soundof a car comingalongthe road.Amazingly,
the car was the same modelas ours and we waved frantically for the driverto stop.
He tried his key in the boot lock and magically,it opened,revealing the keys.They
must haveslippedout of my pocket.I can'ttell you how relievedwe felt! (KatyBanks)
goingon holidayto San Diego,USA.
,,;, _:l e were
r, ;l
We'd booked the holidayonline six months
earlierand I hadn'tbotheredto checkour passports.l'd
just assumed evefihing was OK. So you can imagine
my surprisewhen we were told at the check-indeskthat
we couldn'tfly becauseour son's passpoftwas out of
date. My wife and daughterchecked in and off they
went. Nick and I rushed home,got his birth certificate
and triedto get a new passport.
Therewas a hugequeue at the PassporlOffice,so I pushedto the frontand cried,"My
family'sgoneon holidayand my son urgentlyneedsa new passporl!"
Withinan hour
we had his passporl.We rushedto the airporl,but they told us we were too late and
the nextflightwas at 5 am. At this pointI lost my temper. we spentthe restof the day
wandering aroundthe duty free. We finallyarrivedat our destination twenty hours
later,exhaustedbut relievedthat we couldstartour holiday.(NigelBarker)
HfiSffi,*ffi
hen we arrived at the resort, we were very
il.li:.ft'
-t+
+"i happy.The hotel was nice and the staff were
poiiteand friendly.The beachlookedfantastic,too - lovely
whitesand and not a soul in sight. Then we found out
why. As we were walkingalong the beach we noticed a
signwarning peopleagainstswimmingin thisarea.There
was a nastysmellto go with it. We had to spendthe entire
holidayroundthe hotel pool insteadof swimmingin the
(Bob& Steve)
sea. We were very disappointed.
Sometimesthingsgo wrong
throughno faultof yourown,
but someproblemscan be
avoided altogether.
Simplethingslikewearinga
high factor sun creamor
checkingthe expiry date on a
passportcouldsave a lot of
timeand inconvenience.
Otherthingsshouldgo without
saying,suchas bookingyour
holidaythrougha reputable
travelcompanyand taking
out travelinsurance.
lf you want to know how to
avoidcommontravel
problemsand how to stay
healthyon yourholidays,
visit
wwwtrav*N-adviee"ne#
or
l*n*lylrlai:el.q*n:lhealttd
weryv.
You'llalsofindmoney-saving
ideasand adviceon planning
yournexttrip.
irlextweek: What can gn
wrongwhen you are buyinga
car.
Lead*3sn
When talking about their holidayproblem,
Boband Stevesaythat
Listen
to themusic
andthesounds.
Answer
thequestions.
A it wastheirfault.
B it couldhappento anyone
C it ruinedthe holiday
D it took them a longtime to recover.
Where are you? (on a tropicalisland,in the
mountains,
in a forest,bya pool,in a countrycottage)
What are you doing? (sunbathing,
swimming,
jumping
relaxing,
offthedivingboard,camping,etc)
Whichof the followingis the bestdescription
of Charles
Hope?
3 Are you aloneor with company?(family,friendg
4 What is the weather ltke? (boilinghot, freezing
A a writerfor a weeklymagazine
B a journalist
who onlywritesaboutbadnews
cold,warmandsunny,chilly,etc)
5 How areyou feeling?(happy,relaxed,tired,peaceful,
stressed,disappointed,etc)
C an advicecolumnist
D a magazineeditor
4
Readimg
2
b . Completethe sentences
with phrasesfrom
Readthe lastsentence
of eachtext.Whatare
the textsabout?Whatcouldgo wrongwhile
on holiday?
Listen,readandcheck.
thetext.
We wereexcitedabout going to Madrid.We
h a db e e n
. . . . . . .i.t a l l y e a r .
2 ThebeachwasemptyTherewas
3 Yourpassporthas
expired.
lt's ............
i$Ue"Srrr1_q
Founoption multiple choice
Read the text carefully.ldentify the topic, the
generalidea of the text, and the reasonit has been
written.This will help you answerthe questions.
Read the text again;then answer the questions
one at a time.Checkyour choiceagainstthe text.
3
a . Explainthe words/phrases
in bold.Whichof
them are phrasalverbs?
4 I w a s v e rayn g r y|.. . . . . . . . . . . .
L9s€cm&mg
& SpemkFmg
5
Readthe article.Choosethe best answer- A,
B, C or D - for questions1-5.Givereasons.
(1-a)tothe
a.rListen
andmatchthe speakers
problems
theyhadwhileon holiday.
a
b
c
d
e
f
1 What isthe mainpurposeof the article?
A to describe
somecommontraveloroblems
B to give readersthe chanceto talk about
sunburn
delayed
flight
flattyre
foodpoisoning
dirtybeach/hotel
smallroom
g lostor stolen
passporVcredit
-^tAA,,^^^^^
Lor u/ ru9ga9tr
h theweather
problems
i customs
what happened
to them on holiday
b. Haveyoueverhadanyof theseproblems
on
holiday?
your
partner.
Whathappened?
Tell
C to adviseus how to avoidholidayproblems
D to makefun of people's
travelproblems
Lastsummer
wedecided
to spendourholidays
in a
friend'scountrycottage,As we weredrivingto the
villagewegota flat tyre.lt tookustwohoursto fixit
before
wecouldcontinue.
2 WhatdoesKatysayaboutherholiday?
A lt wasgreat,apartfrom one incident.
B Shedid not enjoyit at all.
C Shewishedit wasliketheirotherholidays.
D lt was a new experience.
3 What would a readerlearnabout Nigelfrom
the text?
A He loseshistempereasily
B He likesdoingthingsat the lastminute.
C Hecrieswhenthingsdon't go hisway.
D He alwaysstayscalmin an emergency
fl
slWritrng-a*e@(/
Project:
Thinkof yourworstholidayexperience.
(80-100
Writea shortarticlefor a magazine
o
words).
Write: whereyouwent . whowith
. weather. whenit happened
r whathappened
31
b , Completethe followingsentences
with
wordsand phrasesfrom Ex.3a.
Readthe sentences.
What meansof transport
is eachpersonreferringto? Which is your
favouritemeansof transporton holiday?
We hadtoo muchluggage
to flt in the .....
sowe put someof tt on tte backseat
It was verywindy and the planemadea very
b u m p y. . . .
Thepolicestoppedme because
I wasn'twearing
a l'll meetyou on deckin fiveminutes.
b Comeon! lt'sboardingnow at gate25 lf we
don't hurry.we'll mtssitl
c ShallI giveyou a lift to the office?
my
W e e n j o y e od u r . . . .
,.
,.. immensely,
thanksto the fantasticcrew,who madesure
the passengers
hada goodtime.
Aswe cameintothe ... .
we were
d Excuse
me lsthisthe riqhtolatformfor the
2 . 1 5t o L o n d o n ?
e Puton the helmet,holdon tight and let'sgo
amazedat how manyothershipswerealready
anchored
there.
journey
Our
took ages becauseour train
Listening
2
Listen
to theannouncements
andmatch
themto the formsof transportabove.Which
wordshelpedyoudecide?
Announcement
1
Announcement
2
Announcement
3
3
stoppedat every...
. alongthe wayr
Make sentences
of your own for five of the
otherwordsin Ex.3a.
4
a. Matchthewordsin the listto the meansof
transport.
Compare
with a partner.
Canyou
addanymorewords?
Fillin: by ohalong,towardsoroff.
'l
Theywalked ....... the platform.lookingfor
thetrcarriage.
2 We took the busto the beach,but the children
c cabin. carriage
. landing. buffetcar . seatbelt
o platformr check-inr boot o porto station
. rushhour . cruise. roadmap o flig1,1
. takeoff boarding
. deck
pdssc compartment
"
w e n t . . . . . . .. f o o l
3 Mostpeoplepreferto travel.. . .
.. plane
4 As soonastheygot . . ..... the ship,theywere
surrounded
by locals
tryingto sellthemsouvenirs
5 We movedslowly... . .... the rearof the plane,
lookingfor ourseats.
5
drm
Complete
the sentences
with verbsin the correct
ww*.,*
form/tense,
thenexplain
the phrasal
verbs.Choose r$g
oneanddrawa picture
to illustrate
itsmeaning.
$
ssep
As soonasthe taxiarrived,
they ....
off for the airport.
Sometour repstry to ...
orftourists
by charging
too muchfor organised
tours
My brother
me offat the airportin
plentyof time for my flight
Thewholefamily
... . Tomorfat the
h a r b o uwr h e nh ew e n t o n h i s2 - m o n t hc r u i s e
O n t h e w a yh o m e t, h e c o a c h
. . . . .o. f f i n
ShiP/ferry
-
L o n d o ns ow e c o u l dd o s o m es h o p p i n g .
a bit nervousuntil the planehas
off andis in the air.
Reading
8
6
Matchthe idiomsto theirmeanings,
thenuse
themto complete
the sentences.
Arethere
similar
expressions
in yourlanguage?
1 hustleand bustle
2
spendvery little in
orderto savefor sth
pickand choose
b
3 scrimpandsave
n
safeandsound
5
^^,",
rvvv
-^,J
oru
rhnnqo
iWwwwry,K&wWw%
<olortivalv
c unnarme0
d busy,noisyactivity
e occasionally
^^-;^
o9oirl
Janewasrelieved
when Paulreturnedfrom his
t r i p.
n
I
Theycouldn'twait to get awayfromthe
of the cityand havesome
peaceand quietfor a while
Lisalikesto havea weekendawayevery... . .
4 llarryis so rrchhe can
fromthe mostexoticholidaydestinations
5 lf we bookthisholiday,
we'll haveto
for the nextfew months
to attordrt.
hetheryou are lookingfor a rural
retreator a city break,GrangeHotel
givesyou the bestof both wodds lt is in the heartof
the beautifulEnglish
countryside,
but stillonlyfrvemilesoutside
the crty
Our pleasant
and friendlystaffwill do everything
to makeyour
staymagicaland memorable,
whetherit is for one nightor a
fortnight Ourservice
issecondto none
We offercomfortable
and stylishroomsaswellasa wide range
of facilities,
rncluding
an excellent
restaurant,
a swimmingpool
gym for you to enjoyduringyourstay.All
and a fully-equipped
our roomshaveair condrtroning,
telephone,
hairdryer
and TV.
Thehotelalsooffersampleparking,conference
facilities.
room
service
anda laundryservice.
Bookonlineat www.grange-hotel.co.
uk
rfe
or call0'1539533666
I )
le
a. Lookat thetitleandthe picture.
Whattype
of accommodation
doesthe text describe?
Whatfacilities
do youthinkthe place
offers?Readandcheck.
a. In pairs,matchthesymbols
to theirmeanings.
s+i't:ij3rs"$.irry:tyrj4:rwff
ht
, n,:
|.|:.;\!'|:a<||.,:..,...,"',,.'.',.j
i
I
,
b . Readthe text againand answerthe
,1.
t , " , t
;,.i
,
swimminp
gool
healthclub/gym
telephone
parking
-;-f__-l
l7 | lwheelchairaccess/
disabled
facilities
t
-+)L)
m
hairdryer
facilities
conference
Speaking
0.
he
rse
'in
a i rc o n d i t i o n i n g
1 Whereisthe hotel?
2 What facilities
doeseachroomhave?
3 What otherfacilities
aretherein the hotel?
4 How canyou booka room?
FTI restaurant
M
roomservrce
questions.
l ,
, . . . , . , . " . . . ^. .: ., . . . .; , ; . . . . . . - . . . |1i , , , , , , , , , , . . , :
1*ke
qsrypEr4{it}qsgmq.SlEssglffi
Whichfacilities/services
aremostimportant
you
you
go
to
when
Discuss.
on holiday?
poolisimportant
A: Tome,a swimming
I like
because
tosunbathe
bythepoolwhen
l'monholiday.
I agree.
Airconditioning
isimportant
tomebecause
IwantmyroomtobecooLetc
v$Writln4
f'd@*"\J
Project:
Youareon holidayat the GrangeHotel.
Writea letterto a friendof yours.(70-80words)
Include:
. whereyouare . whereyouarestaying
. whatfacilities
it hasgot(e.9.restaurant,
room
seruice,
etc) . staff/service
r howvoulikeit
33
Pastsimple,pastcontinuous,
past perfectand past perfect
continuous '"*W
2 A: What
w h e nt h e p h o n e
and | ..
3 A: Tony
Reading
he . . ....
a trip to Paris
Readthe text andsaywhattenseeachverbin
boldis.Lookat the Grammar
Reference
section
andsayhow eachtenseis used.
was time for a holiday!| 1) had been working
1t
I hard for months and 2) had decided to spend
two weeks in a S-starhotel in the Bahamas.I had
bookedreallyearly,so I was ableto get a greatdeal.
MaybeI wouldbe mixingwiththe richand famous!
As soon as | 3) approachedthe receptiondesk and
announcedmy name,therewas a flurryof activity.
BeforeI knewwhat4) was happening,the manager
had ordereda porterto grabmy bagsand show me
to the penthousesuite. A largebasketof fruit and
goodies5) was sitting on a table,and an invitation
to jointhe managerof the hotelfor a complimentary
dinnerwas lying on a silverplatter.
I had neverstayedin such a luxurioushotel before
and I thoughtto myself,"How kind and helpfulthe
staff arel" | 6) gave the portera big tip, unpacked
my bagsand headedto the bathroomfor a long,hot
shower.lmaginemy shockwhen,a few minutesafter
I returnedto my bedroom,the porterreturnedand
askedme nervouslyto pack my bags and leavethe
room!
A quick call to the managerclearedup the whole
mystery.lt seemedthat I had the same name as a
famouswriterand the managerhad mistakenme for
her! They were very apologetic,but it wasn't long
beforelwas in the regularroomI hadactuallybooked!
(ring)?
(wash)my hair
(not hear)it.
(surf)
.
the Net when
( f i n d )a g r e a td e a to n
B:| .....
G r a m m aR
r eference
)
(you/do)
B : I k n o w ,b u t b y t h e t r m eh e . . . ..
(tell)me aboutit I
(already/book) my holidayto Berlin
(you/miss)
A: How
yourflight?
( s h o p i)n t h e
B : W e . . . ..
duty freeshopand we
(not/hear)the announcement
5 A :
. .. (you/stay)in a
hotelduringyourholiday?
B : No.We
. ...(rent)an
apartmentfor two weeks
6 A : Why was Steveso angry?
B : I guessit wasbecause
he ....
. .. (wait) for threehoursbefore
7
h i sf l i g h tw a sa n n o u n c e d .
(look)exhausted
A Jane
when I saw her.
B: She
.... (not/sleep)
at all.
(wait)all night
She
longfor herfamilyto arrive
3
Makeas manysentences
asyou can.
1 drive/ an hour
2 buy/ souvenirs
3 w a i t/ a l lm o r n i n g
4 l i eo n / b e a c h
5 sleep/ in tent
a
b
c
d
startraining
ferry/ arrive
losemy passport
get / flat tyre
e someone
/ steal/ purse
I hadbeendrivingforanhourwhenI gota flattyre.
4
Usethe timeadverbs
to makesentences
about
yourself.
o yesterday
. bythetime e two weeksago
. while. lastyear. for hours
yesterday
. fortenleof5o alldayyesterday
. lastsummer
o yet c already. before
A carbumped
intothebackof usyesterday.
2
Put the verbsin bracketsinto the correctpast
tenseto completethe shortdialogues.
1 A: How
. (be)yourholidayin Spain?
B: Great,thanks.|
..
. (have)a
34
fantastic
time.
ln teams,continuethe story.Tryto usea
varietyof pasttenses.
Wewerealllooking
forward
toourholiday.
Readthe text below.Listento
the soundsand continuethe
narration.
It had beenbrightandsunnyall
morningandwe werehavingfun
on our boattrip aroundthe island.
Thenthe weatherchanged,
all of
a sudden,andthingsquicklytook
a turn for the worse
a. Lookat the pictures.
Whatdid/didn'tSharonuseto do on
whenshewassix?
holiday
go scubadivingX
go to the beach
ith my parents.f,
'w"
Usedto/
Would
UI
W Speoking
ammarReference
a. Readthe theory.In which
sentences
canyouwrite
wouldinsteadof usedto?
l
Wouldand usedto can be used to
talk about past habits.As a child,I
usedto/would go to the seasideevery
year.(alsolwent)
b. Whataboutyou?Mimethe activities.
Yourpartnertells
the class.
Usedto can also be used to talk
about paststates / usedto loveit, but
Sentencetransformations
nowI prefersightseeing
holidays.
t
Foreachquestion,completethe secondsentenceso that it
meansthe sameas the first. Useno morethan three words,
INOT:/ **-ld loveit.)
1 Tomtelephoned
duringlunchto inviteusto go camping.
We
. whenTomtelephoned
to inviteus
b. Fillin usedtoand/or
would
wherepossible.
Compare
answers
with yourpartner.
ro 90 camprng
2 We pitchedour tent andthenstarteda campfire.
After we
our tent, we starteda campfire.
1 As a child,my mum
. go to France
on holiday.
3 lt rainedeverydayfor the wholeof the campingholiday.
My dad
It didn't .....
for the wholeof the campingholiday.
4 As a child,I went campingwith my familyeverysummer.
go campingwith my family
As a child,| ..
everysummer
5 Afterworkingas a tour guidefor ten years,Bobopenedhis
havea boat that we took out
on the lakeeachsummer.
gofishing
We .......
everymorningon holiday.
W h e nl w a sy o u n g e|r ., . . . . . . . .
own campsrte.
BeforeBobopenedhisown campsite,....
tour guidefor ten years
staywith my
: l
cousrns
everysummer.
He ........
h a t eg o i n g
to museums
when we wereon
holiday
Whenwe went to SpainI
9
;....asa
Thinkof thegrammar
youhavelearnt
structures
inthis
yourbooksandtella partner.
Iesson.
Close
Giveexamples.
90swrmmrng
everyoay.
. navea
pet cat when I was four
Project:Writea shortparagraph
describing
someof the
thingsyou usedto do on holidaywhenyouwereyounger.
35
c. Swaprolesanddo the samewith the
picturebelow.
, Listento the soundeffectsandnumber
themin the orderyouhearthem.Whichare
related
to wind,andwhicharerelated
to rain?
Whatarethesewordsin yourlanguage?
T 0 t o w tr drizzle
T p o u r T swirl
2
!
nowt
Lookat the picture.Howdoesit makeyoufeel?
. worried annoyed
o frustrated
. confused
"
. scared
. relaxed
Haveyoueverexperienced
suchweather
Whatdidyoudo?
*:1,rr:.whileon holiday?
,_ Tellyourpartner.
? Li5tening
4
Listen
andfill in the missing
information
in
the numbered
spaces.
Listen
againandreadto
check.
Describing pictures
When describingpictures,describethe peopleand
activities as fully as possible.lmagine you are
describingthe pictureto a personwho can'tsee it,
so be as detailedas oossible.
3
a. Lookat thepicture.
Usetheideas
to describe
it to yourpartner,
look
Yourpartner
doesn't
at it.
Bookinga guidedtour
I
5
o people?
. place?. timeof day?. weather?
. activities?
. feelinqs?
. clothes?
n colours?
36
b. Nowyourpartnerlooksat the pictureand
tellsyouhowwellyoudescribed
it.
Reading
a. Lookat the questions
belowfroma
dialogue
betweena touristanda ticket
seller.
Whowouldaskeachquestion?
Write
f for touristor 15for ticketseller.
.
.
.
.
.
Howongdoesii iasi?
W h e nw o u l dy o u1 t < e :goo ?
C a nI h e l py o u ?
l st h e r ea t o u ra t 3 c : : : < ?
r l o i 'r, a ' y p e o p i.e' . . : - : o o k n gf o r ?
"
b.. Completethe dialoguewith the questions
from Ex.5a.Listenand readto check.
A: Goodmorning 1)
B. Yes- l'd liketo booksometicketsfor the crty
tour,please
piefiresto form negative
i'W;;;; if.,. i"f f
"*irq
(able_unable),
in_(consistent_
tadjectives:un_
i
(treated-mistreated).
over-(crowded-:,
,inconsistent),misi overcrowded),
dis-(organised-disorganised)
1 f r i e n d l y2 c o m f o r t a b l3e c o n v e n i e n t
4 rnformed5 populated
A: certainly.2)...................
B: Justtwo adults- my friendand myself
A: 3)
Wehaveonestarting
intenminutes
4) .....
B: Actualy,
wewantto gothrsafternoon.
b sPeaking
Usethe usefullanguage
in the boxandthe
notesbelowto actout exchanges
in pairs,as
in the example.
8
A: No,butthere's
oneat 3:15
B: Thatwillbefine 5)
That's
f 10,
A: An hour.Herearevourtickets.
olease
youare
B: Here
A: Thankyou.
Enjoythetourt
6
. room small
/ viewnotverygood
' hotelstaff...rude/ unfriendly
. coachtrip..long/uncomfortable
/ dirty
" hotel. old-fashioned
' sightseeing
30
tour . . expenstve
/ onlylasted
mrnutes
' camplng
holiday
awful/ campsite
" weather
crowoeo
ln pairs,
Youhaveseentheseadvertisements.
takethe rolesof a touristanda ticketsellerand
actout dialogues
similar
to theonein Ex.5b.
I wasn'tsatisfied/happy
with..
a
I didn'tlrke/want
a
The
was not what I had
inmind
Th^
r I rE
r Whatwasthe
problem?
. What waswrong
with iVthem?
r What do you
,^,-- ^^+ ^^^l
vvo) | ru L guuu
mean?
e n o u gh .
A: lwasn'tsatisfied
withmyroom.
problem?
B: Why?
Whatwasthe
A: ltwastoosmall.
etc
9
F{istoric \brk
Take an hour-long walking tour
-rf the best-preserved
medievalcity
Lnthe UK and learn all about its
hrstoryand architecture.
Times: 10 am, lZpm,Zpm
Monday to Friday
Tickets:Adultsf5 Children: f3
Thinkof whatyouhavelearntin thislesson.
Closeyourbooksandtell a partner.
TheSmiths
senttheir
sonro $ay
with his
penfriend
for the
summer
D i dh e
^^^,.J
I tccu
with
Word formation (adjectives
o
holiday?
negativemeaning)
for
adjectives
Readthe table.Formnegative
thewords(1-5).Checkin yourdictionaries.
Make.sentences
usingthem.
No,but his
parentsdid
37
ffi*K%*m6
m*mrfuw&
:?:lil:
ano
PrcTure
What'syourfavouritekindof story- romance,
odventure,
a funny
incident,etc?
writea short
paragraph
to
setthe scene
(i.e.where/when
thestorytook
place,whothe
characters
were
andwhat
happened).
L**W&rx6
s\wwq*r
Readthetitle.Whatdo youthinkthestoryisabout?Readand
put the paragraphs
intothe correctorder.Listenandcheck.
| | At first shejust lookedat us curiously.
Then,a few
minuteslater,sheclimbedout of the pooland startedto
;, movetowardsthe jeep As shecamecloserand closer,Saliki
r quietlyordered
usbackintothejeep.I hadjustput my foot on
the firststepof the jeepwhen I felt myselfslipping.The next
thing I kneWI wasflat on my backstaringat the sky Whiletwo
peoplefrantically
draggedme intothe jeep,Salikislammed
hisfoot
downon the accelerator
Soontheangryelephant
wasfar behindus
l-_]sittingin the jeep,I couldn'tstopthinkingabouthow luckyI
hadbeen I wasextremely
gratefulto the members
of my group,and
we wereall reallythankfulto Salikifor beingsuchan expertguide.
Afterall,he wasthe onewho hadsavedthe day.
[-l Wh.n I firstwokeup rnthe strangeroom,I couldn'tthinkwhereI
was.Slowly,
as I listened
to the soundsof manydifferentkindsof birds
singingand smeltthe exoticfragrances
of flowerscomingin throughmy
window,I realised
lwas in Africa!lt was reallvtrue - this was the
beginning
of mysafari
adventure
nft"r gettingdressed,
fl
I went to meetthe othersin my group.We
hada delicious
breakfast
andthenjoinedourguide,Saliki,
beside
hisjeep.
As soonas he hadgivenussomeinstructions
aboutgoingon safari,we
climbedintothevehicle
andsetoff.we hadnot drivenveryfarwhensaliki
slowedthejeepso that we couldwatcha herdof elephants
bathingin a
muddypool Thewholegrouplaughed
asthe biggerelephants
sprayed
the backsof the youngermembers
of the herd.Suddenly,
howeve[one
of the biggestelephants
turnedtowardsus
Listthe eventsin the ordertheyhappened.
Retellthe story,
givingit a different
ending.
4
a. Lookat the words/phrases
in bold.Which:linksimilar
ideas?
showtime?showcause/effect?
b . Linkthe sentences.Usethe words in brackets.
1 I got to my room I startedto unpack (assoon as)
2 I changedmy clothesI went for a nightout (then)
3 I was excitedlt was my firstvisitto Rome (because)
4 I packedmy suitcase.
I ordereda taxi (before)
38
5 I realised
I didn'thavemy passport.
I startedto panic.(when)
wwwffi@x#s;
ffiSffitrffgffiee{
VwallrKusrrn
6
Readthe rubric,underline
the
keywords,thenplanyourstory.
Usethe pointsbelow.
schoolmagazine
is havinga
46The
short
story
competition.
ffi
g Thestoryshouldbeentitled:
A
'$
holidaywhereeverythingwent
'
wrong.(100-120
words)
Beforeyoustartwriting,thinkabout:
Theme:
Whatwillyourstorybeabout?
Main Character:
Who are vou?What
areyoulike?
Setting:Wheredoesyour story take
place?(inspace,
in ltaly,in yourgarden,
in
animaginary
place?)
Whatisthe weather
like?
Problem:
Whatistheproblem
youface?
Do othercharacters
you
help
solveit?
Whatdo youdo to solve
theproblem?
Resolution:
Whathappens
in the end?
Howdo youfeel?
7
Portfolio:Usethe planbelowto
writeyourstory.
-+ir:"q;;1;i-
Introduction (Para 1)
setthescene
Main Body (Paras2 & 3)
eyentsin order they happenedclimax event
Conclusion (Para 4)
end the story- feelings
f{o{tdryrCmmpa
ICon you imoginespendingyour holidoyon o compsitewith
?,000other people, being woken up of 7:30every morningwith
'Good
morning,compersl1from o loudspeoker?Soundsowful,
Coesnrtit? Well,it's how mony British
people used to spend their
'l950s
summerholidoysin the
ond 60s,Compersstoyednot in tents
bui in comfortoblecholetsof differentseosidelocotionsoround
-he UK,Thebiggest
ond mosfpopuloroneswere runby BillyButlin,
pAuttln's holidoycomps were excitingplocesfor oll the fomily.
-here
were oll sortsof octivities,
includinggomes,tolentshowsond
competiiions.
Everycomp hod itsown miniotureroilwoyto rideon.
rhere were swimmingpools,odventureploygrounds,
ond theotre
showsto suit people of oll oges, There were olso bobysitters
so porentscould go out for the evening.
unusuolfeofure wos thot there weren't ony restouronts!
|One
Compersusedto eot in lorge dininghollsot set iimes,ond if they
didnft get there on time, they didn't get ony foodl Thiswos one
fecson why there were loudspeokerseverywhere - to remind
oeopleof meoltimes!
}'However, timeschonged, ond by the eorly l9B0so lot of the
3ompswere closed Cheop pockoge holidoysobrood goined populorityond holidoycompswent out
cf foshion.Todoy,three Butlin's
resorts
remoinin ihe UK.Thesedcys,guestsstoyin spociousoportments
cnd luxuryhotels,eot of o wide ronge of restouronts,
ottend concerfs,pontomimesond the lotest
^novies,
or hove fun of woter porksond funfoirs,One thing hosn'tchonged, though - they stilloffer
nexpensive
fomilyholidoys,
i:..:-!rr!:!e4a*:a,i{tsrlin*rlr,tr€e..ieja,f
.e
in
lr
*9--}!.-E-v*'jjy{
:,:,
:.,::1,:,Wilf,:..1.::,:,,1i,:?t
1lp)tr6l!t2\:1ll$l lif lY
7 Reoding& Listening
l?
3
Listento the announcement.
Whattypeof
holiday
doesit suggest?
b . Lookat thetitleandthe holiday
brochure.
Whatcouldsomeone
do at thesecamps?
Listen,readandcheck.
W Speaking
4
Workin groups.Usethe text to prepare
a oneminuteradioadvertaboutButlin's
camps.
yourselves.
Record
5
a. Are/Were
thereholidaycampslikethesein
yourcountry?
Discuss,
Readthe text and answerthe questions.
1 Wheredid the Britishuseto go on holiday?
2 What couldsomeone
do at Butlin's
camps?
3 Wheredid the campers
eat?
4 Why did holidaycampsgo out of fashion?
5 ArethereanyButlin's
campstoday?
6 What canguestsdo therenowadays?
Findwords/phrases
in the text that mean:
park,dated,fixed,
small,terrible,
variety,
amusement
cosy,
survive,
roomy.
b. Whatwouldyouridealholiday
campbe
your
partner.
like?Tell
Thinkabout:Iocation,
accommodation,entertainment,activities,food
anddiningfacilities.
Myidealholiday
campwouldbe...ltwouldhave...
There
would
be...ltwould
be...
39
Do youeverspeokwithyourmouthfullof food?Do youforgetto coveryour
mouthwithyourhondwhenyousneeze?
lf youoreguiltyof these'crimes',
then
perhops
youshouldenrolon on Etiquette
ondSociolSkills
course.
Thisisnotjust
on oldinorycourse,lt's o coursein monners,
Youwillhove lessons
in oood
monners
ond howto behoveinsociolsiluotions
Theperson
whoteochestheselessons
isMoggieo'Forrill
of the petiteprotocol
school,ond hersiudents
oreogedbetweensixondtwelveyeorsold.shethinks
thisisthe besttimeto teochkids.At thisoge theyoreveryeosy,"
o'Forrill
soys
whentheyget older,it'shorderforthemto breokbod hobilschitdrenot this
ogewontto be polite.Youconseethotthey'retrying.
Moggieinstrucls
the childrento speokproperlyon the phone ond wolk
correctly,
oswellostellingthemoboutbosicioblemonners,
These
crosses
nove
becomepopulorbecouseporentswontwell-behcved
childrenbut thevore
too busyto teochmonners
of home
so,whotdo the children
octuollythinkof thiscourse?
Theclosses
hoveproven
populor
to be
with mostof the children,
ond theirteochersof schoolhove
youngsters
nolicedthotthe
orelreolingeochotherwithmorerespectTheyolso
feeltheskills
theyhoveleorntwillbe useful
to theminthefuture.Donny,oged
nine,commenied,lf I get invitedto the WhiteHouse,I knowI won't spill
onything
onthe President,
MoggieO'Fonill
herself
believes
thotsuchskills
con be life-chonging
We'llhove
growing
children
upwhovoluemonners
Moybewe'llsee
o chongeindirection
for
thebetferinsocietyThot,however,
rernoins
to be seen.Onlytimewilltell.
$-mmd-trx
Lookat the pictures.
Whatissomeone
doingin eachpicture
: yawning
without
covering
theirmouth
withtheir
qt sb?talkingbehindsb's
hand?puttingtheirfeetonthetable?laughing
back?talkingloudlyon thephone?
sneezing
withoutcoveringtheirmouth?talkingwiththeirmouthfull?
Whatdo alltheseactionshavein common?
ffiemd6w"ag
& L&s€em$exg
2
a. Lookat thetitleof the article.Howis it relatedto the pictures?
Whatdo voL:^ r< youaregoingto read
about?Listen,
readandcheck.
b . Readthe text againand,for questions1-5,
choosethe best answel A, B, C or D.
3
Match the words in the two columns.Useth
phrasesto makesentences
of your own.
'l
What rsthe wrrter'smainpurposein writing
the text?
A to talkaboutpupils'bad habits
take/have
2 break
3 teach
4 treatsb
B to try to changesociety
C to encourage
children
to respect
eachother
D to discussa way to improvechrldren's
manners
4
d bad habits
Complete
eachsentence
with the correct
preposition.
Checkin the text.
1 Don't speakwith your mouthfull
cake.
M a g g i eO ' F a r r it lhl i n k sy o us h o u l d
A teachmanners
whenchildren
arestillyoung.
B givelessons
on manners
to teachers.
C showparentshow to teachtheirchildren
2 J o h ni ss p e a k i n g . . . t h e p h o n e
3 A n n i s n ' ta t w o r k .S h e ' s. . . . . . h o m e
4 W h a t d o y o u t h i n k. . . . . h i si d e a s ?
5 She'sverypopular. .
herclassmates.
D instructparentsto be lessbusy
6 Youshouldtreatolderpeople. .
. respect.
7 Whatwe learnat schoolwill be useful.
What would a readerlearn about Maggie
fromthe text?
O'Farrill
A ShecannotteachMaths.
B Sheknowshow to be polite.
C Shecanonlyteachsrx-year-olds
D Shestudiesat the PetiteProtocolSchool
a good manners
b lessons
c with resoect
thefuture.
8 Becareful
notto sprllcoffee
5
yourdress.
Explain
thewordsin bold.Choose
two or three
anddrawor mimetheirmeaning.
Pupils
enjoytheseclasses
because
A theycanmeetthe President.
B theylearnaboutthe future.
WW&&ffiffi
w
C theyarehelpfulfor theirfuturelives
D theylearnnot to spillthingson people
Dividethe classintoteams.A studentfrom
teamA mimessomething
that is badmanners.
TeamB triesto guesswhat it is.
5 Whichof the followingisthe bestdescriptron
of the PetiteProtocol
School?
lhis is the only
schoolof its krhd
in the world,
Team
ASI: (mimes
speaking
withmouthfull)
Team
BSI: Youshouldn't
withyourmouthfull
speak
offood.
Team
ASl: Sorry.
Spma&<6mg
It is a school
for childrenwho
Workin groups.
Oneof youis MsO'Farrill,
who is speaking
to two parentsaboutthe
school.
Talkaboutwhatpupilsaretaught.
elWrihng
{'4Pv
coarses
for young
puPtls, ./
and rely on it to
heh then br@
up their children,
Portfolio:Youhavebeenaskedto makea
leafleton how a visitorto yourcountryshould
behave
whilediningout.Dividethe leaflet
intotwo sections,
with Dosand Don'ts- that
is,onefor goodtablemanners
andonefor
yourleaflet
bad.Workin pairsanddecorate
with photographs
or yourown drawings.
41
1 oo
2 ger
3 takdpass/mess
i. : . .., , ri i
Complete
the listswith thesewords.Add
wordsof yourown.Compare
answers
with a
partner.
a
b your homework
c lessons
up/faillretakdhave
4 nave
5 stu0y
6 enrol
7 pay
. French
. headteacher
o Mathso primary
o Art
. secondary
o Geography
. high. nursery
. Music. headmastel
. pupil. Science
. library
o stateo prrvate
. lab. playing
.
fields university
r classroom
. playground
o canteen
. gym
. librarian
. college
-h ^\,^m/^
+^-+
ot I c^dt I t/d Lc)L
d on a course
e English/Maths/Music
f
high/lowmarks
I
attentionin class
b . Useverbsto completethe sentences.
1 Do you
2 He......
3 S t e v e... . . . . . . .
4 Joanis
attentionin class?
M u s i cl e s s o nosn M o n d a y s
h i sh o m e w o r n
kow.
a test tomorrow
5 Shedecidedto ..........
. on a cookerycourse.
5
Underline
the correctword.Checkin your
dictionaries.
Explain
the restof the words.
Tonyis at university
studyingfor a (qualification/
certificate/diploma/deg
ree)in EnglishLiterature
Owen got six GCSE(passes/grades/marks/
results)in hisexams
A (headmaster/teacher/tutor/professor)
comes
Speaking
Discuss
thequestions
withyourpartner.
Use
wordsfromthelistsin Ex.1.
everyThursday
to helpmewith Maths.
Therewereover250 studentsat Dr Apoleton's
(lecturellesson/sem
inarklass)on the M inoans.
1 What type of school do you attend? ls it
single-sex
or co-educational?
2 Which is your favourite/least
favouriteschool
subiect?
(curricu.[um/
l'm doing a 6-month business
course/programme/schedule)
at college.
Brianis a (pupil/student/learner/schoolboy)
How many days a week do you attend
school?
Whattime do classes
starVfinish?
at OxfordUniversity
He (graduated/lefVdropped
ouVapplied)from
4 What facilities
doesyourschoolhave?
5 Whichyearsare compulsory?
When can you
LeedsUniversitywith
a degreein History.
I haveto hand in my thesisnext week The
(close,deadline,end, term) isWednesdav.
leaveschool?
6 Areyou planninganyfurtherstudies?
7 Haveyou everbeenbiamedfor sth you didn't
do? Has anyone ever threatenedyou at
school?
When?Why?What happened?
Listening
) Listento Slavatalkingabouthisschoollife
andmakenotesusingthequestions
in Ex.2.
Compare'your
schoollifeto Slava's.
a. Matchthe verbsto the nounsto make
phrases
relatedto thingsyou do at school,
asin the example.
I ii'.iri I tl,'i':,1;tl
6
Complete
the sentences
with the correctidiom.
. liveandlearn. learnone'slesson
o learnsthbv heart. readsb likea book
1 Claire
the poem
for the test.
2 Tomwas ill after eatingtoo ml
much.He won't
I
do it again- he
3 After being married for twenty-five years. r
can.. ...
my husband
I didn'tknow our teacherhad eiqhtchildren
W e l l y, o u. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . !
&ske
%
7
f-"?
$s*
#
Fillin the correctverb
formthenexplainthe
#s
phrasal
verbs.
hre*6*
Philip
f e l tt h a t h e h a d . . . . . . . . . . t h e t e a m
downwhen he missed
the penalty.
Students who do not attend class must
bring a note from their Parents
explaining reason for absence.
:
NO EXCESIIONS!
.
l
A All studentsmustpresenta noteif theymissa class.
B Parents
mustcometo schoolto explaintheir
children's
absence.
Students
can'tattendclassif thev haven'tqot
Ann
. .. . downand startedcryingas
shecouldn'tansweranyof the questrons!
a note.
'i;1Got somefree time afterschool?
Thestudents..
. ....down the mainpoints
of the lecture.
gradeshave...
4 Vicky's
down.
5 Afterdinnershe...
l
FieldtriPsto exhibitions
downto do
herhomework.
Reoding
I
a,
Learnaboutphotography
fromtheexperts.
Lookat texts1-4.Whattypearethey?
ALTFORJUSTf,lOPERMONTH!
.
Youdon'tevenneeda cameraas
wecansupplyyouwithone.
Tojoin.contact
Hugh
onS9t4l2i
b. Readthe texts.Whatdoeseachmean?
Circlethe correctletter,A, B or C.
S
..r",ti9Jlt:1,:14:r..
'i:.
i
9
t't
, I
)n.
A Debbiewantsthe Chemistry
notesbyThursday.
B Debbiemissed
morethanonelesson
C TheChemistry
examison Tuesday.
,.
i t:
.
a. Readthe theory.Aretheresimilarstructures
in yourlanguage?
We can use the followingsuffixesto form nouns
-or (act-acfor)or other
from verbs: -er (drive-drive0,
nouns: -ian (library- librarian)
, -ist (art- artist)
C The rehearsal
this eveningis goingto be later
thanplanned
t.
.,:,.
Photography
Club.
C Joiningthe Photography
Clubis free
A Therehearsal
is nextWednesday.
B Joey must have his costumewith him next
Wednesday.
Hi,DianaJust a quick note to remindyou to bringyour
Chemistry
notesfromlastweekwithyou to school
tomorrowso that I can copythem,I was sick and
missedbothTuesday's
andThursdalslessons,
and
I needto catchup beforethe examnextFriday.
Thanksa lot!
Debbie
,. ,:.ti,
A TheFhotography
Clubmeetson weekdays
B You must havea camerain orderto join the
Joey,
Your Drama Neachercalled. This everinq's
ochoolplay
rehearealfor nexl Wed,needay'o
will be al Bpm, not 7pm' Oon'f forqer' lo
brinq your coelume becauEeit' will be a tull
d,reserehearsal.
aee you laIer,
r, i j,: *.ii
b. Nowwritethe nounsfor the following,
Checkin yourdictionaries.
Usethemin
sentences
of yourown.
. dance. Collect
. comedyo piano. examine
. operate. music. organise
. perform
'l
relatedto education
Q Thinkof tenwords/phrases
youhavelearntin thislesson.
Makesentences
usingthem.Tellyourpartner.
ylWriAng,
;{#.ri,'#ffi-tr'
Project:
Useyouranswers
in Ex.2 to sendan
e-mail
pen-friend
to yourEnglish
aboutyour
school
life.Startwith:Dear...,
You
asked
meabout
mvschoollife.
43
R e m e m byeorus a i d
you'dgive me110if
I p a s s e dm ye x a m s ?
I've got a way
for you to save
s o m em o n e y .
€
Reportedstatements
3 lansaidtheywouldmeetmeafterschool.
a " l ' l l m e e ty o ua f t e rs c h o o l . "
"
b "We will meetyou afterschool.
G r a m m aR
r eference
a. Readthetableandanswerthe questions.
:
?i1""lo.t.1.
" l ' m t e n , " s a i dA n n
fnee5rr
i - .nenorya
4 Pamsaidthat she had beenstudyrngin the
librarythe previous
afternoon
a "l was studyingin the Iibraryyesterday
A n ns a r d( t h a t s) h ew a st e n
''
(m I ( m'icici-peia
(trai)srre I
m liuoyin{t"li;;Al"
;:'"Ir'in
Sru0yrng
I
-rnirc <tr rrlriinn herd
:saidto Pete
"l'vedonemy essay,
Bensaid(that)he had
saidBen
.donehisessay
ttt
^^"^'r
+L'^
^"^^aid
I fjo))cu
Lr rc c^d|
t/ " )
iRosesaid(that)shehad
passed
Rose.
the exam.
li waidoiiisry
-'"- - ":- -"'--
j h o m e w o r k ,s"e a ns a i d
to Bill
my book,"
afternoon"
b "l have been studyingin the librarythis
afternoon"
'
l s e a nt o l d B i l (l t h a t )h e h a d I
h e e n d o i n' Y
oh
" 'i-s h
" -o' m e w o r k
Jimsaid(that)he would
lanr'l
ma
hr<
hnnlz
i,,.,,,,,,,,,
W e l 1y ,o ud o n ' t
haveto pay me.
3
Put Nickand Linda'scommentsinto reported
speech,
usingsaidor told as the reportingverb.
: "--til' .
: ','i' rnamazeO
I I S r up a s s e d
; " - . t h ee x a m !
b, Readthejoke.Whichspeakerusesreported
speech?
Whatwerethe person's
actual
words?
2
Choose
whatthespeaker
actually
said"
1 Theteacher
toldSimonhismarks
weregood
a "Yourmarks
aregood"
"Your
b
marks
weregood"
44
2 HesaidhehadseenJohnat school.
a " l ' l ls e eJ o h na t s c h o o" l
"
b "l sawJohnat school
h a r d l ys t u d i e
-+
oL
-ll
oil.
f. i
1 l
2 How do tenseschange?
Franand
3 How do pronouns
i wikefailed
/ possessives
change?
4 Aretheresimilarstructures
in yourlanguage?
Reading
. ' S h ew a sl u c k ,
b e c a u s es h e
."1
Which verbsdo we useto reportsomeone's
words?Whichverbdo we use,in both'direct
and reported
whenthe personspoken
speech.
)
, "E-
4
@
I didn'tknow'
+ 1 ^^ +
LilO
L.
Turn the statementsinlo reportedspeech.
1 "l don't want to go to sc'toortoday,"said
Jimmy
"When you finishyoi,. nomework,you can
n l a v o r r t s i d e" ( a - e : = .I : I - e r S o n
3 " l haven't' rishe: -- : : :c: yet," said.lane
4 " T o m f i n i s h e c) : - : : : s - . , ' t o n t ha n d h e ' s
-::: r.
lookingfor a
-, .: : :o Lisa
"Tony was :: -:
5 - l'-ework yesterday
a f t e r n o o n . ---- * - - , - : d F r a n
" l w t l lt t ' . . : - : : , - - r - t , c u rm a t h s , J" a c k
saidto '-=
Reportedq uestions/com
mands/
requests
Reportthe sentences.
1 "How areyou?"TomaskedJane
2 "Canyou lendme f5?" BobaskedLinda
a. DanmeetsFrank.Lookat Frank's
sentences.
lseachonea quesfion,commandor
3 "Whatwasthe examlike?"Juliaasked5am.
4 "Can I useyourruler?"he askedme
5 "What'syourfavourite
subject?"sheaskedme
6 "Givemeyourdictionary.
please,"
shesaidto me.
A r ey o uc o m i n g
to the party?
Whattime
willwego?
Meetmeat
8 : 0 0D
. o n ' tb e
late, please.
7 " Don'teat in the classroom
! " the teachersaid
to us.
8 " S t o pa r g u i n gl!' m t i r e d , "s h et o l dA n n
9 "You shouldmake a plan beforeyou start
writingyouressay,"
Tomsaidto lan.
b. NowDanistalkingto hisfriend.Readhow
he reportsFrank's
words,andanswerthe
questions
(1-3).
Reportingmodalverbs
'@"
GrammarReference
I
Lookat thetable.Thenturnthe following
sentences
into reported
speech.
l will/would r would, may --+might, must + musVhad
to, can r could(present/would
be ableto (future)
Would,could,usedto, mustn't,should,might andoughtto
do not chanqe
i**.,----',-'***_'
UC
.rd
Frankaskedme iflwhetherI wasgoingto the par1y.
Heaskedme what timewe wouldgo.
Heasked/toldme to meet him at 8:00
He asked/toldme not to be late
1 Whichverbis usedto reportquestrons?
2 Whichwordsare usedto introducea reported
questionwhenthereis no questionword?
Sentence
transformations
3 How do we reporta positive/negative
command/request?
Whichverbscanwe use
to reporta command/request?
^i:
Reportingverbs
"@-
G r a mmar Refer
ence
6
Lookat the Grammar
Reference
section.
Choose
a verbto reportthe statements.
. promised
. suggested
. explained
r denied
l
:)
ay
CK
,.'--, '.'.--,_*.1
1 "Youmuststudyharder,"shesaidto me.
2 "Davidcanhelpyou later,"shesaidto me
3 "We'llgo on an excursion,"
the teachersaid
4 "We cancometomorrow,"Ann said
5 " Y o us h o u l d n l' ti et o h e r , "h e s a i dt o B i l l
6 "He canspeakFrench
fluently,"shesaid.
1
2
3
4
"Let'sgo to the concert,"Philipsaidto Ann.
"l didn'ttakeyourpencilcase!"Kathyshouted.
"l'll bringit backtomorrow.Reallyl"Alexsaid.
"lan can'tplayfootballtoday,because
he has
d e t e n t i o n ,S" a ms a i d .
5 " l ' l l h e l py o us t u d y , h
" es a i d
6 "Let'sgo to the library,"he said
9
Herearesomesentences
abou.tschool.For
eachquestion,
complete
the secondsentence
sothat it meansthe sameasthe first.Useno
morethanthreewords.
1 "Let'sstudytogether,"
Emma
saidto me
E m m a. .
. .t o g e t h e r
"Do you enjoythe lessons?"
Mollysaidto me
Molly
. . . . . . I. e n j o y e tdh e l e s s o n s .
"Where'syourhomework?
" the teacherasked
John
Theteacher
hishomework
WAS
4 "l failedthe exam,"shesaid.
S h es a i ds h e
the exam
"Giveyour reportsto your parentsto sign,"
the headmaster
saidto us
T h eh e a d m a s t e r a s k.e. .d. : . . . . . . . : . o u r
reportsto our parents
to srgn
45
Telephone
etiquette
b Reoding
G o o dm o r n i n gP. a r k l a n dPsr i m a r y
SchoolHow canI helpyou?
1)
W h o i ss p e a k i n gp ,l e a s e ?
2)
Onemoment,MrsWatson.l'lljustcallthe staffroom
3)
l'm afraidMissGibsonisn'tthererightnow.Wouldyou like
tn
lo:rro:
ma<<:no?
B : 4)
A : l'll makesureMissGibsongetsthe message.
B:
2
a
a
a
::],;,tlllil{;]]',
s)
in thetable.Which
a . Lookat the sentences
conversation
couldyouhearin a telephone
anda customer?
a secretary
between: twofriends?
.
How canI helpyou?
pleasgT
Who'sspeaking,
.
l'm afraid. . isout of
.
the officeright now
lvlayI speakto
please?
I w i l lp u t y o ut h r o u g h .
message?
a
Hi,Patspeaking
a
Sorry,he'sout
4
a " Completethe phraseswith: help,give,lend,
hand in, borrow, handout, write
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
,
lt's
CouldI leavea
. Hi lt's...Canltalkto
o Canyoutellhimto call
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
.
. . . . . . s b ' sd i c t i o n a r y
s bm o n e y
..............
. . sb with a schoolproject
. ..
sb a lift to school
yourhomework
.
. ontheblackboard
......
..
ohotocopies/tests
b . Usethe usefullanguagein the tableand
mewhen he'sback?
the phrasesin Ex.4a to act out exchanges.
exchanges.
b. Listento threeshorttelephone
Whichoneisformal?In whichonedoes
leavea message?
someone
3
fromExs.1
Portfolio:In pairs,useexpressions
conversations.
& 2 to actout thesetelephone
o phoneyourmusrc
to askif youcan
teacher
r h : n n o f h o t i m o n f r r n rr r n i : n n l a c c n n
. phoneyourclass
teacher
to sayyouareilland
today
to school
arenotcomrng
o phoneyourfriendto invitehimout
46
o
a
.
you . Yes,of
Could/Can
.
. ., please?
coufse
Wouldyou ? . Yes,cenainly .
.
DoA//ouldyou o [ .ig-r
n
g
?
. CK
mind
Actually,I
Sorry,but . .
I'm afraid. .
l'm sorry,but
lcan't..
. No,I can't
lo':::: ::" - ' : -' :tctionary?
A: Could
of:c.':,-.
B: Yes,
I
b. Nowdescribe
thispicture.
Anotherpair
your
performance.
assesses
Listening
Youaregoingto heartwo friends
talking
abouta course
theyaretakingat school.For
eachquestion,
circlethecorrect
letteLA, B or C.
1 Maryison herway
A to herICTclass
B backto herhouse.
C to meetTom.
2 MarvandTomarein
A theirsecondyearof ICT
B the sameICTclass.
C differentICTclasses
Srumw$.$mbuHs
I n t h e b e g i n n i n gM, a r yd i d n ' tt h i n ks h ew o u l d
A enjoyherassignment
.",d
C be interested
in herICTclass
Forherassignment,
shehasto
Tom'sassignment
isall about
A pricing
things
7
rnmnr
rtor in
d
n rrnr rr
vv
/vul
b. Assess
anotherpair'sperformance.
Think
about:
C hasmadethe studentsa promise.
. grammar
andvocabulary
o pronuncration
r interactive
communication
Describing
pictures
) Speoking
a. Lookat thepicture
below.Usethephrases
to discuss
it in pairs.
What i you see?
W h a t/ h a p p e n i n g ?
How/ peoplefeel?
a. In pairs,discuss
the following:
homework?
. DoyouenjoyICT(lnformation
&
Communication
Technology)?
. W h a td oy o ut h i n ko f o n l i n lee a r n i n g ?
Tomtold Marythat histeacher
A gavehim f25 for hisproject
B is goingto givethe moneyfor the party.
A
Where/ picturetaken?
.@* @a.4!s#
o l]n rrnt I r<a I
B buyingrefreshments.
C usingexcellent
mathsskills.
6
d
lmproving speaking skills
Express your opinion, giving reasons,and asl<
questionsto elicit your partner'sviews.All good
speakersare good listeners,too. Listen to your
partner.Thiswill help you understandwhat he/she
thinksabout the topic.
B likehernew ICTteacher
A makesureherinformation
iscorrect.
B correctthe information
shefinds
C b e m o r ec a r e f u l w i t h e rp l a n n i n g
.F
B
In/At
I cansee
The. has
I thinkthey
8
Thinkof ten newphrases
you havelearntin
thislesson.
yourbookandtelleachother.
Close
I gavemy
paperto Jimmy
He wantedto
scarehis
pdrcr rL).
awd
ffiwfltaragshm*t":w#-
f,,{}H-S4
for andagainst
In pairs,
thinkof reasons
studying
online.
x&*sww
Lrxwbamp
2
yourreasons
a. Readthe essayandcompare
with thosein the text.
presents
statesthetopic?
b. Whichparagraph:
presents
the
argument
for?
thearguments
against?concludesand givesthe writer's
opinion?
L&*ubwrw
we usesophisticated
In for andagainstessays
thewordsin bold
Replace
wordsto linkideas.
in Ex.2 with the following:
in the essay
3
. although
. Inaddition
. Finally
. Toconclude
o Tostartwith. Ontheotherhand. Lastly
. Firstly
. Asa result. Tosumup . Furthermore
. However
o Whatismore. Consequentlv
O n l i n el e o r n i n gi s b e c o m i n gm o r e p o p u l o rt o d o y o s
more people hove occessto computersond the Internet.
lndeed,there ore those who believethot computerswill
in the neor future
reploceclossrooms
to
Ii is true thol there ore o numberof odvonioges
you
choo.se
leorningonline One, you con studywhenever
on the Internet.
ond you con find o weolth of informotion
And, lessonsdo not lost for o limitedlengthof time. So,
teocherscon onswer ony questionsyou moy hove in
greoterdetoil
To begin,
But, there ore o numberof disodvontoges
onlinestudenlsconnotshoreond discussideosin the woy
Also, the equlpmentneededis
they do in o clossroom.
expensiveond informciionon fhe Internelis not olwoys
occuroteFinolly, workingon your own requireso lot of
do noi hove
whichyoungchildrenin porticulor
self-discipline
i
f
l
e
o r n i n go n l i n e
t
h
o
t
e
v
e
n
l n c o n c l u s i o n I, b e l i e v e
outweighthem In
ihe disodvonioges
hos some odvontoges,
my opinion,childrenwill olwoysleorn best when they ore
in o clossroomwith o reol live teocher
Y*xlr *wrre
5
flrunv5xru"sr
Topic sentences
of the mainbody with a topic
Begineachparagraph
the main
sentencewhich introducesor summarises
This should be followed by
idea of the paragraph.
supporting sentences which give details and
examplesto developand supportthis idea.
4
in the essay.
the topicsentences
a . Underline
ones.
Suggest
alternative
to the
b . Matchthe topicsentences
sentences.
supporting
sitexams
should
Even
veryyoungchildren
m
on
2
grades
entirely
depend
should
I I I Final
Readthe rubricandthetable.Thinkof topic
for each
sentences
andsupporting
sentences
point.
for
hasaskedyouto writeanessay
": Yourteacher
'.:, andagainstwearinguniforms
at school.Write
': your
(100-160
words).
essay
. encourage
better
studentsconcentrate
drscipline,
. helpidentifyintruders
in the school
. helpstudentsresistpeerpressure
to buytrendyclothes
. areuseless
outsidethe school
. limit freedomof exoression
6
in the plan,thenwrite
Answerthe questions
(100-160
youressay
words).
examresults.
,,r,ti!iri
48
;;;_.".
They get usedto the idea, and it is good
practicebecause
they learnthe correctway to
preparefor exams.
Firstof all, studentsare awarefrom the very
Introduction (Para 1)
What is the topic.2
Main Body (Paras2 & 3)
beginninghow importantthe resultswill be
for their future.ln addition,teachershavea
methodfor gradingstudents.
standard
Conclusion (Para + |
Wbat Are 1l.tpprr,s L.r,t:s.t
;r'S:tFPr.tlilbem.2
Wat nre ll.ts 1'pp5,.,i;.;
W b n t i s . t r . t tt ' " a : i - : . ; : t
)
Ji
Reoding
r
a. Lookat the text.Whattypeis
it: a novel,aplay,a cortoonstrip?
I
b. Whowroteit? Whatis it
about?Readthe biography
andcheck.
{
lTl
n
Shaw(1856-1950)
wasborn in
Dublin,Ireland,
to poor parents.
InIB76, he moved
to London. While
there,he became
deeplyinvolvedin
politicsand
worked as a
iheatrecritic.In lB92,hewrotehis
tirst play, Widowers'Houses.He went
on to write manymore plays.
fogmalion(1913)is the storyof
ProfessorHenry Higgins,a professor
of phoneticswho makesa bet that he
canturn a commonflower girl,Eliza
Doolittle,into a lady in sixmonths.
He succeeds,
andbecomesquite fond
of Eliza, but sheeventuallyleaveshim
io marry the upperclassFreddy
Eynsford-Hill.
2
a. Lookat theextract.
Howmany
peopletakepartin thisscene?
,
V Listeninq
L,t,:,,1,$...
Sgmation
,':
. .:t::r,
MRS PEARCE.lretuming]This
is theyoungwoman,
sir.,l,,.1'
HIGGINS. Why, this is the girl I jotted down lastnight. She's
no use.lTo thegirl]Be off with you. I don't want you.
..ll
t4
-----r
F
tb
I
F
lfl
THE FLOWER GIRL. I ain't comehere to askfor any
,'.,t,,,1,,'
compliment;and if my money'snot good enoughI cango
,,3:
elsewhere.
,,.ii
IIIGGINS. Good enoughfor what?
i.1i
THE FLO\AtsRGIRL. Good enoughfor ye-oo. Nowyou l1l
know, don't you? I'm cometo havelessons,I am.And to pay ;i,f
for'em, too.
l..e
HIGGINS. WELL!!! What do you expectme to sayto you? ,,.J
THE FLOWER GIRL. Well, if you wasa gentleman,you
,:,,;r,
might askme to sit down,I think. Don't I tell you I'm bringing ,r1r
,.l.ttjti;
you business',
HIGGINS. Pickering,shallwe askthis baggageto sit down or ,.lii
shallwe throw her out of the window?
THE FLOWER GIRL. I won't be calleda baggagewhen I've
offered to pay like anylady.
PICKERING.lgentlylWhatis it you want,my girl?
THE FLOWER GIRL. I want to be a lady in a flower shop
insteadof sellingat the cornerof TottenhamCourl Road.But
theywon't takeme unlessI cantalk moregentle.He saidhe
couldteachme.Well, hereI am readyto payhim - not asking
anyfavour- and he treatsme asif I wasdirt.
MRS PEARCE.How canyou be sucha foolish ignorantgirl
asto thinkyou could afford to pay Mr Higgins?
THE FLOWaERGIRL. Why shouldn'tI? I knowwhat lessons
costaswell asyou do; and I'm readyto pay.
HIGGINS. How much?
THE FLO\ryERGIRL. Nowyou're talking!
HIGGINS. Sit down.
MRS PE{RCE. Sit down,girl. Do asyou'retold.
THE FLOWER GIRL. Ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-ool No!
PICKERING.Won'tyou sit down?
THE FLOWER GIRL. Don't mind if I do.
HIGGINS.What'syour name?
.:..::
THE FLOWER GIRL. Liza Doolittle.
:.ffi?€ry'l:i,',,
49
r i i i i i r , t t : i i i r r r l
iiiirii
llrlr,, , iliia iii:ill'llI
:
:,:,::::,:::
::,:
....:,::.:..:.:.1].:::.
'.t,.t.,,,..,,tt'""tt'-,,,'.ttt..',.,,,t.tttt'tt"tt",,,.,',,.
. "..,,"',,,u,"rrtq;'t".1
Vocabulary
& Grammar
talk in the lrbrary.lt is not allowedl
9 You
A o u g h tt o
B can
C mustn't
Fillin the missingword.
1 Thenexttrainfrom Liverpool
to Hullwill arrive
a t . . . . .... .
. 2 i n 1 5m i n u t e s .
. She'salways
Sandra
down in tearswhen she
heardthe bad news.
6 He . .. . to hateswimming
whenhewasyoung.
7 R o b e rlti k e s. . . . . .... o n t h e N e ti n h i sf r e et i m e
I
Can you
Jim off at the stationon
yourway intotown?
the exprry
9 Makesureyou havechecked
on yourpassportbeforeyou go on holida,
10 The beachwas empty with not a soul in
(10marks)
to the Southof France
Useof English
Comoletethe secondsentenceso that it means
the sameas the first. Useup to three words.
1 "l don't know how to usea comouter"she
said
. . how to use
Shesaidthat she
a computer.
2 "l'll seeyou soon,Mary,"Annesaid
A n n et o l d M a r ys h e
. . . . . .s. o o n
SheaskedBobwhen he wouldbe ready
" W h e n. . . . . . . . . . . r e a d yB, o b ? "s h ea s k e d .
"Don'tforgetto bringa coat!"
H et o l d m e . . .
. . . . . . .t .o b r i n ga c o a t .
"Areyou leavingnow?" he asked.
.
C h i l d r esnh o u l dl e a r nt o . . . .. m a n n e r s
A grow
B value
C break
Completethe sentenceswith the correctword
derivedfrom the words in bold.
1 S h ew i l lb e a g r e a t. . . . . .
o n ed a y P I A N O
2 Pay
to what he says.
ATTEND
He .
from LeedsUniversity
lastyear
A graduated B applied C studied
3 My brotheris so
Ann never
A misses
4 That dog looks very
from it!
hertemper
He doesn'thavethe right
pilot
A charms
B skills
C loses
C gifts
hardallyearsowe neededa holiday
A had beenworking
B worked
C havebeenworking
when he got a
. in the countryside
flat tyre.
A wasdriving B drove
Youmustwearyour
A seatbelt
. . . .. he canneverfind a
t h r n gI
C haddriven
whenyou aredriving.
B boot
C roadmap
ORGANISED
! Keep away
FRIENDLY
(8 morks)
to becomea
We ..
Dan
then
(10marks)
1 H i s t o ri ysa ni n t e r e s t i.n. g
. . .... t o s t u d y
A class
B lesson C subject
B forgets
C weregoing
(10marks)
Heaskedif
Circle
the correct
item.
50
10 Geraldand Pat
threetimesnow
A havebeen B went
2 He won't make that mistakeagain He's
learnthis
3 He likedthe poem so much he learntit by
Pennyhassuchbad
talkingwith her mouthfull
-A'l,,llr.-lll1flf,iltr,,liiiffi
Connrnunication
Completethe exchanges.
a Wouldyou liketo eavea message?
please?
b CouldI speakto the ^-ranager,
c Of coursenot
rie o:oojem?
d Why?Whatrr,ras
e Yes,l'm not sa:s'€3 ', :^ ),ourservice
rrig,r._:rrrrrrr:rr:r
i
:
.
:
rrr;irr.'
"
rrr'.9 ::ierr'-
"
:
1
rr:,,1:
Y
r
: :-: ::
1 A :
You'vedecided
to enterthe competition.
Writeyourown shortstoryabouta holiday
(100-120 words).
experience
B : Onemoment,l'llseerf she'sin
2 A .
Q0 marks)
B : It'sallright l'llcallagainthrsafternoon
3 A : Wouldyou mindopeningthe door?
B:
4 A . lstherea problem,
sir?
8
B:
5 A : I didn'tenjoythe mealverymuch!
B:
(10morks)
Listening
5
Youwill heara conversation
betweenSally
andherfriend,James,
aboutthesummer
and
the newschoolyear.Decideif eachsentence
is
(/)
corrector incorrect.
lf it is correct,
tick YES.
lf it is not correct,
tick(/) NO.
YES N O
1 Sallyissorrythat the summer
holidayhasfinisheo
tn.
$)
)rd
{o
ND
da
ED
vay
)LY
tl E
2 Mondayis not a gooddayfor
JAMCS
E T
E E
3 MissCounterteaches
Geography.
4 JamesthinksMr Shawis a good
Mathsteacher
5 Jamesand Sallyarenot good
at foreignlanguages.
6 Sallyhasarranged
to study
Spanish
thisyear
E tl
Africais oneof thennost
ff
beautiful
countries
\ outh
l-/ intheworldanda favourite
destination
formany
travellers.
FromKrugerNationalParkto the Kalahari
Desert,SouthAfricaprovidesa greatintroduction
to
Africa,butit hasmoreto offerthanstunning
landscapes"
lf youvisitSouthAfrica,makesureyou stopoff in
CapeTown.Thereis so muchto see and do, you'll
nevergetbored.There'salwayssomething
happening
in this excitingcity,and it has greatshops,too.The
moreadventurous
cantakea tripup TableMountain
or takea boattripto seegreatwhitesharksandseals.
CapeTownhassomething
foreverybody.
SouthAfricais a placethateveryone
shouldvisitat
leastoncein theirlifetime!
you
Booknowfora holiday
willneverforget.
A^A,Ar'
A
^ '
A A
A
T E
1 SouthAfricais not verypopularwith
tourists.
E E
2 TheKalahari
Desertis in CapeTown.
3 Thereis not muchgoingon in
( 1 2marks)
CapeTown.
4 Youcanseesomebig,scaryfishthere
5 Theauthorrecommends
that everyone
shouldgo to SouthAfrica
6)
Writing
Thisisa magazine
advertfor a shortstory
competition.
Wearelooking
forshortstories
aboutyourholiday
i
experiences
.. goodor bad! Wheredid you go?
Whatwasit likethere?Whathappened?
Howdid
thingsturn out? Wasyour holidaya dreamor a
nightmare?
f p'mffl,,,
Nnmr
a
a
a
a
a
Soget wrrtingnowandyoumayseeyournamein
printnextmonth!
a
(20 marks)
(Total= 100marks)
talkandwriteabouttransport
talkandwriteaboutholidays
problems.
andholiday
talkandwriteaboutgoodmanners
andeducation
wfltea shortstory
express
dissatisfaction/ask
for details
makepoliterequests
* * ",$u$$
$vffiffiffiffiffiffi
ffimw-wm
W$m.ffi
ffiffi
All plantsneedcertain1) .................(base)
nutrients,
including
carbon,oxygen,
phosphorus,
nitrogen,
potassium
and otherminerals.
Thesekeepthe plants
(live)and helpthemgrow.Oxygencomesfromthe atmosphere,
2) .................
and mostplantstake in othernutrients
fromthe soil.But someplantslivein soils
that do not haveenoughof the minerals
they need,and havebecomecarnivorous,
meaningtheyeat meat!
Theyget extranitrogenfromthe bodyof insectswhichthey catchin traps.
plantshavecome up with3) .................
Carnivorous
(differ)waysof catchinginsects.The leavesof the
Butterwort
are stickv,so insectswhichlandon the leavesget stuck,andthe plant4)
(slow)digests
'pitchers',
them.The PitcherPlant,on the otherhand,haslong,hollowjug-shaped
trapscalled
whichhang
at the end of its leaves.Insectsfly to the pitcherbecauseof its colourand smell,thenfall downintothe
trapand cannotescapebecausethe sidesare 5)
(slip).In the caseof the VenusFlyTrap,whenan
insectlandson one of its lobes,theysnaoshutand trapthe insectinside.In thisway,carnivorous
plants
havemanagedto adaot6) .................
(perfect)to theirenvironment.
W Speaking
a. Namesomeunusual
plantsin yourcountry.
Wheredo theylive?
b. Labelthe diagram
of the plantwith the
wordsbelow.Whatarethesewordsin your
language?
. leaf . flowerr stem . roots. bud . stalk
W Reading &Listening
2
a. Howdo plantsusually
feedthemselves?
Readthe firstparagraph
of thetextand
checkyouranswers.
b. Readthetextandcomplete
eachgapwith
the correctwordderivedfromthe word in
brackets.
Listenandcheck.
Explain
the underlined
words.Askandanswer
questions
comprehension
basedon thetext.
W Project
Portfolio:Choose
a habitat(awoodland,
a river
bank,a grassland)
in yourneighbourhood
and
do a plantstudy.Identifythespecies
plants
of
youfindthere,andfindout asmuchasyoucan
aboutthem.Makea poste;andeitherstickon
photographs
of themor drawthem,thenwrite
a shortparagraph
aboutthem.Givea short
presentation
to yourclass.
yourself.
Record
Units 5-6
o
!
)
)
l,i
Pr actise...
t{
o relative
(defining
clauses
/
non-defining)
. comparatives
& superlatives
. exclamations
. articles
. quantifiers
. adverbs
youstart
Before
o Haveyou everhada badexperience
whileon
holiday?
Tellthe class.
. What is a typicalschooldaylike?
o
roflovivo
.
phrasalverbswith over,in
nr^n^r
rn<
Write...
Lookat Module3
F i n dt h e p a g en u m b e rfso r p i c t u r e1s- 5 .
Findtheunitandpagenumber(s)
for
.
)
r
r
.
an advertabouta ghostlytour
instructions
on how to usea gadget
.
a piechart
.
a 000Kcover
T
E
Listen,
readandtalkabout...
.
.
mythical
creatures
moods& feelings
r
hndv l:nnrr:no
'
.
r
.
typesof films
entertainment
gadgets
the lnternet
i
R
q , qzl lrr r
va
L nl
IOWN
a shortreviewof a film you haveseen
instructions
on how to senda text message
a paragraph
abouthow teensin yourcountry
communicate
with friends
a letterto a frrendrevrewing
a CD
ftreGhostH'nl olYot
GliP:
Gulture
tn$
Gut(Literature):
Gurricular
F Learnhowto ...
)
o a shortartrcleabouta mythrcal
from
creature
yourcountry
. an e-mailto yourpen-friend
abouta scary
dreamyou had
. a shortparagraph
abouta festivalin your
country
. a 3rd-nerson
narrative
. an advertfor a walktouristscantakein your
r
invif o nonnlo
/ rofr r<a
.
.
askabouta problem& offerhelp
recommend
something
GrowYourown
Eco-triendsl
53
t1.*&;{:i--,:'a
Listen
to the musicandthe sounds.
Howdo thesounds
makeyou feel?
Lookat the pictures.
Howaretheyrelatedto the title of the
unit?Whichtimeperioddo youassociate
themwith:fhe
post,present
or future?
***-di; ;;.9i& ti:;?*riii':rt
Workin groups.Whatdo you knowaboutthesecreatures?
Whichhad:
. a longspikytail?. a longneck?. brgclaws?o a glossy
coat?
. thebodyof a bird?. a hornon itsforehead?
. onlyoneeye?
. thebodyof a lion?. aneagle's
headandpointed
ears?. the
. large,
bodyandlegsof a horse?. nineheads?
strong
wings?
Whatwaseachknownfor?Listen,readandcheck.
Readthetextanddecideif thesentences
belowaref (true)or F
(false).
Whatisthe writer'sreasonfor writingthe text?
{;
1 Thiswebsitewasdesigned
for peoplewho are
interested
in mythsand legends
2 Dragons
belonged
to powerfulmagicians
3 Thereis onlyone famousSphinx,
the one fromThebes.
+ TheSirens
attractedsailors
with theirbeautiful
voices
5 Peoplebelieved
unicorns
couldhealthe sick.
6 TheHydrahadsixheads.
7 All giantsweremeanand nasty
8 Griffins
oftenprotected
collections
of valuable
things.
9 Centaurs
had humanbodiesand horses'
heaos.
1 0 All the creatures
in the text comefrom Greekmvrns
Match the underlinedwords in the text with the following
meanrn9s.
1 killing 2 numerous3 unforgettable
4 tempted 5 shiny
6 stickingout 7 huge 8 bravery9 protect10 guide
:
6
Replacethe phrasesin bold with words/phrases
from the
text.
1 Midaswas unaffectedby anypoison.
2 The Egyptians
believedthat the pharaohswere gods and
neverdied.
3 AncientGreekswere scaredof the Hydra
4 The Sphinxwas hatedbecause
it would kill thosewho didn't
answeritspuzzlingquestion.
TheHydrahadnineheads,
each
of which was connectedto a
longneck
TheAncrentGreekshada lot of
old, popular stories about
mythicalcreatures
{ Dragons can be found in countlessstoriesaround the world. The storiesusually involve the slayingof the dragon
by a hero. Dragons are slmbols of evil, magic and power, perhapsbecausethey often guald a treasure in a cave.
Tlpically describedas monstrous,lizard-like creaturesthat can breathe fire, havebig claws,wings and a long spilry
i.le
'lri;
tail, it's no wonder they are storybookfavourites.READ MORE> >
':ll'
The Sphittx is a mysteriouscreature from Egypt and Greece.It had the body, legs and tail of a lion, a human head
(sometimesmale, sometimesfemale) and large, strongwings. The most famous sphirx from Greek legendswas in
Thebes.It askedtravellersa riddle. Those who could answerthe riddle were allowed to passand those who could
notwere killed. READ MORE> >
3
tt:l
::::t
.s
The Sirens come from Greek mythology.They were very attractive creatureswho were half woman and half bird,
with wings and claws.They lived on an islandbetweenItaly and Sicily,and their beautiful voicesand haunting songs
:.:i
lured sailorsto their deathsby making them steer their ships straight towards the island and crashonto the rocks.
{
READ MORE>>
:i
:.a.
t,::l
D Unicorns were magical mlthical creatures that looked like horses.They first appeared in ancient m1'thsfrom
Mesopotamia, China and India. They were strong, wild and fierce, with ela$y white coats,blue eyesand a horn
plqiqctilg fralq their foreheads.Peoplebelievedthat if they drank from a unicorn's horn they would be immune to
all poisons.READ MORE> >
The Hydra was a huge snakelike monsterwith nine heads.Each head was attachedto a long neck, and if one was
cut off, two would grow back in its place.They feature in Greek and African mythology.READ MORE> >
Giants were huge human-like creaturesthat appearedmainly in European folklore. They were tall, fat and ugly,
and some had only one eye.They were feared and hated becauseof their cruelty, stupidi{r and fondnessfor eating
people, although friendly giantswere not completelyunheard of. READ MORE> >
G Griffins were giganticm1'thicalcreaturesfrom the Middle East and the Mediterranean.They had a lion's body and
an eagle'shead and wings,with pointed earslike a horse.With the speedand sight of an eagleand the strength and
courageof a lion, griffins often protected vast treasures.REAI) MORE> >
H
Centaurs, from Greek mlthology, were half horse and half man. They were human from the waist up, with the
body and legsof a horse.There were tvvoraces:the first were wild and violent creaturesthat lived in the mountains
and the forests;the other were gentle,wise and intellectual. READ MORE> >
7
questions
basedon the
Workin groups.
Prepare
yourquestions
text.Exchange
with another
group.Whichgrouphasthe mostcorrect
answers?
t
;
I
r
e
'
i;.'
Whatmythicalcreatures
comefromyourcountry?
Arethereanyfamousstories
aboutthem?What
it in groups.
didtheylooklike?Discuss
vpWrihng
fjF'@*V
Portfolio:Writea shortarticleaboutany
mythicalcreature
fromyourcountry(60-80
words).
Include:
r whatit looked
like. whereit lived
. whatit drd
yourprojectwith pictures.
Decorate
55
l,f
r l
rj
ill
ffiil
3
Speoking
a. Lookat the pictures.Who's:happyandexcited?
ongryond
impatientT
frightened
andshocked?
Usethe words/phrases
to
describe
the people.
ttTt birds
ETI leaves
FTI wind
t4T_lchains
eyesshining6t-whiteas a sheet
frowning
smilingfrom
redin the
face
dlnh-nearto ear
\T*ql|U
teeth
chattering
4
a
g
rr++l^
IOLLIE
Complete
the sentences
with
oneof the phrases
below.
Explain
themin yourlanguage.
. fightto thedeath. livein fearof
. scared
to deathof
. frighten
thelifeoutof
KNEES
knocking
I
1 t'm
me everytime I
leavethe house.
lwould
. .t o
protectmy family.
b. Whatgestures
andfacialexpressions
do peoplein your
countryusewhen they arescored,
shocked,
angryexcited,etc?
a. Circle
theoddwordout.Checkin yourdictionary.
1 petrified,
sleepy,
scared
2 pleased,
afraid,terrified
3 ecstatic.happy,bored
1 watcha horrorfilm
2 heargood news
3 find a mousein the
kitchen
4 almostcrashmy bike
Villagers
nearthe forest....
attacksfrom wolves
4 exhausted,
sad,ttred
5 shy,surprised,
shocked
b. Useadjectives
fromEx.2a,andthe ideasbelow to act
out exchanges
asin the example.
snakes
!
2 Thedog nextdoor
lohnstoodwithhands
onhips,tapping
hisfootimpatiently
...
,
5
'
i
'
.
1
,
-
5 seea snakein the garden
6 witnessa bankrobbery
7 havemy tooth takenout
Fill in: of, ot, from, in or with.
2 He finallymanagedto escape
the dragon's
cave
3 You'dbe reallysurprised
how many people thought
8 havea baddream
g spendall nightstudying
unicorns
werereal.
4 Theysaythat the monsterdied
a brokenheart
gasped
5 He
. horrorat the
s i g h io f t h e s n a k e
. - . , { .
5ruuySKlr,L,s
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeicwords are words that soundlikethe noisethey
describe(e.g.hiss,pop,etc).Use of suchwords makes
descriptionsmore vivid.
6
a . M a t c ht h e i d i o m (s1 - 5 ) t ot h e
(a-e).
definitions
[t-fl
56
'
1 Shetrembled... .. fearasthe
giantcamecloseranocloser.
A: I watcheda horrorfilmlastFriday,
B: Wereyouscared?
A: ScaredT
lwaspetrified!
i i
d creak
f rumbles
floorboards g s r n g
DTI
""{nn
\
2
b howls
c rustle
trTt
reTtthunder
I
shaking
withfear 1
a cracKtes
fire
handson hips
tapping
hisfoot
Matchthe nounsto the
verbs,
thenlistenandcheck.
Whichmakeyou feel:peaceful?
scared?
wormandcosy?
ri.e; < ec ihe dragonin
c o l db l o o d
ETI
to get information
fromhimis like
Trying
b. Answer
thequestions.
Thensaythreethings
youremember
fromthetext.
gettingbloodout of a stone!
My familymeansmoreto me than friends.
After all,blood is thickerthan water.
ET_-] Hesweatedblood to set up the company.
makesmy blood boil
Crueltyto anrmals
FTI
FTI
1 What is bodylanguage?
2 How do we usebodylanguage?
3 Why isit importantto understand
bodylanguage?
4 What examples
arementioned
of bodylanguage
in the text?
a work extremelyhard
b familyrelationships
arethe mostimportant
c verydifficult
d in a cruel,unfeeling,
violentway
e makesomeone
veryangry
b. Now makeup sentences
usingthe idioms.
Hecommittedthecrimein coldblood.
w Reoding
r
a. Read
thetitle.
Whatcouldit mean?
Readthe text to find out.
F;i'if ;.r:;a:I ril€liibS
8
Usethephrasal
verbs
to complete
the
sentences.
one
Choose
anddrawa picture
to
illustrate
itsmeaning. hanH
tnke
1 lt took herquitea longtimeto . .. .
the shock.(recoverfrom)
H e . . . . . . .. . . . . . . t. o. t h e s i d eo f t h e r o a dt o s e e
wherethe lightwascomingfrom.(stop)
3 He
the cardto Ann (pass)
me, but I started
4 I don't knowwhat
happento)
shakinglikea leaf!(suddenly
He
. . . . . .t.h e c o m o a nw
v h e nh r su n c l e
died (9et controlof)
A new studentwolksup to you slowly,smiles,
ond
mcys,"Excuseme - where'sthe lob?" Do you think
they'redesperote
to findthelob?Think
oboutit.They're
tliiirordlso itlren coLn'fu:!ecl
s","riling
openlyond opprooching
slowlywiththeirheod
word.
Underline
thecorrect
lril'red.
Theyoreonlytryingto gel to knowyou.
I
Bodylonguogeisthe quiet,secreilonguoge
which
highintothe air.
1 Thesmokeraised/rose
s the mostpowerfullonguogeof oll. Accordingto
problem.
2 Theboy'swild behaviour
is a serious
expeds,our non-verbollonguogecommunicotes
Nobodycancontrol/checkhim
about50%of whot we reollymeon.Thetone ond
3 He remembers/reminds
me of my uncle.
speedof our voice occountfor 3B%,whilewords
4 Thedog lay/laiddown nearthe fire
''lremselves
olso
signols
contributeonly7ok.Non-verbol
hovefiveiimestheimpoctof verbolsignols.
Non-verbol
communicotion
isfomilior
to usfrombirth,
r Listening
A bobydoesn'ttolk,butii smiles
itself,
or criesto express
Curbodiessendoutmessoges
ondwe don't
constontly,
talking
about
1g OVou willhearTomandHelen
olwoysreolise
thot we ore communicoting
o lot more
in herdream?
What
a dream.
Where
wasHelen
gestures
thonwe soy.We understond
whotsomeone's
happened?
Howdidshefeel?
ond bodyposition
indicote,ond we sendout ourown
messoges,
too - but we rorelystopto thinkobouthow
we do it.Rubbing
oureyes,cleoringourthroot,topping
fr:4-tffirg
our toes,scrotchingour nose,openingour ormsor
Portfolio:Writean e-mailto yourpen-friend
keepingourlegscrossed
ollsendoutstrongmessoges.
abouta scarydreamthatyouhad(80-100
Itisimporlont
to be oworeof ourownbodylonguoge,
youwere(inthedream),
words).lnclude:where
os well os to understond
whot otherpeople'sbody
whathoppened,
howyoufeltondwhy.
longuogemeons,sowe con ossess
ond reoctto them
i effectively.
Afteroll,octions
speoklouderthonwords,
s6Wri+1n4
57
here was a 0) f,'n'r*in the past when the
peopleof Britaincelebratedthe end of
summerand the beginningof winteron
All Hallow'sEve, which is 1) ......31st October. In "!ffr"t"tt:tY1|/:{ffi'e':
2) ......days, they thought that bad things always came with the long
,
dark winter nights,3) ......
they built fires which
they danced around.They also performedritualsto keep 4) ......
evil.
Therewere many peoplewho believedthat there were ghostsevery-wrrei€ir
winter.Villagers,
whose beliefswere very simple,thoughtthat if trey:wo€
scarycostumesand masks5) ......
they left theirhomesafterdark,16" rosekj;,,rai
and monstersthat roamedaround6) ......night would not recognisethem." ,
r' rr::3
They also left bowls of food outside their houses for these invisibleghoutsr,,1,r,,
TL^"
^l^^
t^rL
r^ --"1-
-r
a
thinkingthiswouldstop7) ......
fromtryingto get in.
Today, the British continue to celebrate this
C period D age
tt. tlme
festival,which is now called Halloween,
on 31st 0 A Years
D to
Cat
Bon
l Ain
October.Theydo this by 8) ......
up,wearingmasks
D those
previous
Bthese C
and puttingcandlesinsidelanternsmade 9) ...... 2 A l a t e
D then
C next
Bso
3 Aafter
pumpkins.They leave the lanternsoutside to
D up
Bdown Gout
4 Aback
frighten10) .. witchesand ghosts,just as people
B s o o n C while D when
5 Aafter
in the pastdid,but todayit is justfor fun.
D on
Gto
Bat
6 A in
B t h o s e C them D these
7 AtheY
8 A c o v e r i n g B P u t t i nCg wearingD dressing
D from
Cof
Refative
BbY
clauses'''',:,#,ii
9 Awith
G r a m m aR
r eference
D out
BawaY C o f
10 Afor
W Reading &Listening
4,.r97,:::a.:.,:ttt*..r,,taaa:::::::..tLa4:11:iffi:':::t'a::''t'wr;t*'\try'::t'
a. Thinkof threequestions
youwantto ask
aboutHalloween.
Readthe textandseeif
youcananswerthem.
b. Choose
the correctword,A, B,C or D,to
complete
the gaps(1-10).
Listen
andcheck.
W Speaking
2
Complete
the sentences
aboutyourself.
Whichof
the underlined
people?
wordsareusedfor:
things?
places?
animals?
time?Findexamples
in the text"
1
2
3
4
5
3
| don'tlikestories
which/that
l'd nevergoto a place
where
I likesomeone
who/that
| oncemeta manwhose/that
..
lt wasthistimelastyearwhen...
a. Readthe examples,
thenmarksentences
(defining)or
1-6asD
ND(non-defining).
Tony,
wholovesscarymovies,
hasa hugecollection
of
(non-defining
DVDs.
relative
clause)
People
who don'teat meatarecalledvegetarians.
(defini
ngrelativeclause)
58
Theygivenecessary
information.
2 Theyarenot put betweencommas.
3 Theygiveextrainformation
4 Theycannotbe omitted
1
I
5 Theycanbe omitted
6 Theyare put betweencommas
b . Fillin the relativepronouns.Is eachrelative
clausedefiningor non-defining?
Use
commaswhere necessary.
My cousinLisais the sort of girl .. .
loves
dressing
up.
J i m . . . . . l o v e st e l l i n gs t o r r e s a y sh e s a w a
ghost
3 Thebook .. he isreading
isaboutdragons.
4 That'sthe boy
, . sisterisan actress.
5 This is the shop
you can buy good
clothes
On our ast holclay
we went to Spainwe
madea lot of nei,n,'
friends
M y s s t e ri s s : i o . / i r ga t C a m b r i d g.e. . i s a
's:.,,
famousunt'.'e
8 Thecostur:
;ou'rewearingisgreat
Word formation (adjectives
Whichof thesentences
in Ex.3b canbe
pronoun?
writtenwithoutthe relative
ending in -ful/-less)
'
Adjectives
endingin -ful showthat the person/thing
COmpafatiVeS & SUpeflatiVeS
W-hasthatquality.
:
a beautifulgirl(indicates
beauty)
crammar
Refeiencedescribed
'
endingin -lessshowthat the person/thing
a. Lookat the pictures
; ,adlectives
andthe examples.
How
boy(not
do we formthe comparative/superlative? i describeddoesn'thavethat quality.a fearless
Lrsa
Joy
sue
havingfear)
6
Readthe theory then fill in the correctform of
the words in brackets.
(success)
1 BradPitt is a
actor.
2 H i sa d v i c w
e a se x t r e m e l.y. . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.h. .e. .l p ) .
3 He was so shockedat the film that he was
. . . (speech).
4 D o n ' tb e a f r a i do f t h a t d o q- i t ' s . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
- ': hasgot shortharrbut Sue'sgot shorterhair
hairof all
J;1 haswt the l::e.es,t
ar Lisa,
(harm).
Sentence
transformations
b. Compare
thethreegirls.
careful
Lisa
,/
; ng well
funny
/,/
relpful
old
,/,/,/
./
tall
/,/
Sue
Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it
meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
threewords.
loy
1 The Draculacostumewas better than
ladybird
costume.
'/
L I I E
Theladybird
costumewasn't
the
Dracula
costume
2 John,whosesisterisAnn,wasthe winner
It wasAnn's
wasthe winner
party
3 Mikearrivedat the
beforeJohn.
Mikearrivedat the party
John
Sueismorecarefulthan
Lisa,
butJovisthemost
careful.
Readthe examples.
Usethe structures
to
complete
the exchanges.
.
.
.
.
+h^
4 Billy's
wizardcostumewon a prize.
B i l l yw a st h e o n e
a pnze.
lt'sgettingcolderandcolderasthedaysgo by
Jackistwiceascleverashisbrother.
Theearlier
we leave,
the earlier
we'llarrive.
Heisn'tastallashissister.
5 Herhatwas nicerthanthe others!
H e rh a tw a s . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
2 A: lt lookslikesummeris herealready
R' Yoc it'c nottinn
. . all!
W Speaking
1 A: What do vou thinkof Ann?
B: Well,sheisn't
(friendly)shelooks.
. . .. w o n
In pairs,talkabouta festivalin yourcountry.
Talk
about:thenameof thefestival,whatyoudo to
celebrate,
thereasonfor thecelebrafion.
Use
pronouns
relative
andadjectives.
(hot) everyday
3 A : I w i s hI w a s
. . . ( s l i m y) o u
got
B: Don'tbe silly.You've a lovelyfigurel
4 A: What'syourhurry?
(fast)we pack,the
B: The
(fast)we can leave.
*
(60-80
Project:Nowwritea shortparagraph
words)aboutthisfestival.
59
7 Reading
(How)
Wouldyou
l i k et o
(+infl?
youareat a
i' , tistento the music.lmagine
spookyHalloween
party.Describe
the scene.
Thinkabout:whereitis,
whenitis,
whoisthere
and
whatishappening.
a. Readthe firstandthe lastexchanges
in the
dialogue.
Whatdo youthinkKimisgoing
to do on Saturday?
Listenandcheck.
o Invitea friendto a fanrydress
partyat your
place.
Yourfriendaccepts.
o Decline
aninvitation
to drnner
butinvite
the
person
to a festival
instead.
o Invite
a friendto thecinema
withyou.Your
frienddeclines.
Kim: I'm fine,thanks.I movedhouserecently
so
l'vebeenverybusy
John:Soundsas if you needa rest! Listen,l'm
havinga Halloweenparty on Saturday
night.Wouldyou liketo come?
Kim: lt's verygood of you to ask me, but l'm
John: Oh, come on! Everybody
needsa break
n o w a n dt h e n
Kim: Yes,you'reright.Totellyouthe truth.I am
gettinga bit fed up with it alll OK.I'd love
l'd ho nl:d fn
b. Act out dialogues
for the following
situations.
John: Hi, Kim.I haven'tseenyou for ages.How
areyou?
too busy I still havea lot to do in the
house
o
N o ,l ' d r a t h e r
not
o (l'msorrybut)I
can'tbecause
l'm (+ -ingform)
(+inf)
WhaVHow
.
o (nt rnnl< nnnd
(+
With
about
-ingform)?
pleasure
but (+clause)
.
o
l'd
like/love
Do cometo
to.
Unfortunately
I
. I wouldn't
can't(+inf)
. l'm afraidI
missit for
Please
come
the world
to
cant
l'matmyfriend's
house
in thegarden.
ltsmidnight.
etc
2
o Thatwill be
(very)nice.
Making decisions
4
a. A friendof yoursis havinga Halloween
partyandhasaskedyouto helpwith the
decorations.
Lookat the pictures
and
decidewhichthreethingsarethe most
appropriate.
to Whattime?
J O n n How
:
about 7? We can chat a bit before
the partystartsat 8
K i m : Soundsgreat!| can'twait.
J o h n :Great!l'llseeyou on Saturday,
then
K i m : l w o u l d n ' tm i s si t f o r t h e w o r l d l
b . Readthe dialogueand answerthe
questions.
1 Why hasn'tJohnseenKimfor a whiie?
2 What doesJohninviteKimto?
3 Why doesKimrefusethe invitation?
4 W h yd o e sK i mc h a n g eh e rm i n d ?
5 Whattimewill the partystart?
Invitations
3
60
a. Readthe table.Workin pairs.Usethe
phrases
in thetableto actout a dialogue
likethe onein Ex.2a,givingit a different
i
ending.
r'iitie
iwitch'shat
)
I
Roleploy
b. In pairs,useyourideasin Ex.4a to actout
the dialogue
below.
Listening
a. Youwill heara conversation
betweentwo
friendsabouta Mexican
festival.Read
(1-6)andunderline
throughthesentences
the keywords.
A : I thinkwe shouldhavesome
because
they'retraditional
at Halloween.
B : Yes,I agree I don't think we need.
. or
- they aren't reallyappropriate,
are
if the sentence
iscorrect
i6.. tistenandtick(,/) Yes
or Noif it isincorrect.
&
they?
A: No,not reallyWhat aboutsome.. . . ?
B : G o o di d e a H
. o wa b o u t . . . . ?
A: Hm- maybenot for Halloween
ffiffi ffiffiffiffiffi
B: Perhapsyou're right. We definitelyneed
t h o u gh.
A: That'strue.I thrnkthat'senough
B: OK.We'reagreed,then - we'll have... .
ffimywSthm ffiemdf;m#mwmmm
. . . . . . .a. n d . . . . . . . L e t ' sq e t s t a r t eId
Exclamations
a. Listen
andunderline
thestressed
words.
r
.
.
.
Whatawfulweather!. Whatscary
costumes!
Whata spooky
house!. lt'ssucha scary
film!
o
lt'ssofrightening
! lt'ssospooky
in here!
Howcoldit isin here
YesNo
1 Tomspenthisholidayin Oaxaca
2 Thefestivalis celebrated
throughoutMexico.
3 Thefestivallastsfor two days
4 People
wearcostumes.
b. Howdo we formexclamations?
Arethere
similarexpressions
in yourlanguage?
Nowlookat the pictures
andmake
exclamations
with what,how,such,so.
5
l T
TT
TT
TT
Mexicans
find the festivaldepressingT I
6 ln the end,Juliawantsto go to
the festrval
trI
$
8
Thinkof fivephrases
youhavelearntin this
lesson.
Closeyourbooksandtell a partner.
W h yd o
skeletons
drink
so muchmilk?
It's goodfor.
the bones.
61
*-*^^---
%wwwT
wwmmwreffi
wnsw%W
We'veall heardaboutpeople
swimming
withdolphins,
but
whataboutsharks?
Well,that'swhatOliver
didlastyearin
Australia!
Hehadalways
dreamt
of going
to theGreat
Barrier
Reefandit wasexactly
as he hadimagined
it clearblue
waterandthousands
of exoticfish.Oneday,as he was
walking
along
thebeach,
hesawa signadvertising
tripstodive
withsharks.
Thiswashiskindofdiving!
Thenextdayhewalked
excitedly
to theharbou[
andsoonhe
wasonhiswayouttosea.Suddenly
thecaptain
switched
offthe
engine.
Somesharks
hadbeenspotted
swimming
nearthe
boat.Heputonhiswetsuit
andstepped
carefully
inside
thecage
thatwouldtakehimundennrater
andprotecthimfromanyattack.
Sinking
through
shark-infested
waters,
trapped
ina cage,
is not
everyone's
ideaof fun,butOliver
wasabsolutely
thrilled!
He
waited
impatiently
forthesharks
to appear,
andsureenough,
withinminutes,
fivehugeGreat
Whites
cautiously
approached
thecageandstarted
circlrng
it.Theywereso closehecould
seetheirsharpwhiteteeth.Oliverhadneverrealised
how
beautiful
theseanimals
wereandhowgracefully
theymoved.
Suddenly,
oneofthemcrashed
against
thecage,
knocking
him
over.Picking
himself
up,he sawthedoorof thecage.lying
open,
thelockbroken!
Heknewhehadto makeit backuoto theboat.Heswamout
of thecageandgrabbed
theropethatconnected
thecageto
theboatoverhead.
Butinstead
of attacking
him,thesharks
swam
slowly
around
himashewasclimbing
uptherope.
Hereached
theboatin safety,
awarethatthishadbeenthe
mostamazing
experience
of hislife.Canyouguess
whathe
didtheverynextday?
Replace
the underlined
adjectives
in the text
belowwith alternatives
fromthe list.
ffiwY%awzg
w%mw%wffi
Readthe title and listento the sounds.
Whatdo
youthinkthestoryisabout?Listen,
readandcheck.
. happy. terrible. pleasant
. huge
. fresh. oeaceful
L*wWwm,g
w&wwwr
iffi_.--w-s$ffiffi:ffi
Beginning/Ending a story
An interestingbeginningcatchesthe reader'sattention
and a good endingmakeshim feel satisfied.
You can
startJenda story by:
using direct speech
"l told you not to go there,"John soidangrily.
asking a rhetorical question
Who wouldgo intoan abondonedhouseolone?
addressing the reader directly
Hoveyou evercome foceto face with o crocodile?
a. Readthe story.Whichtechnique(s)
doesthe
writeruseto start/endhisstory?
2
It was a 1) nice summer'sday and Tom was out
walkinghis dog in the 2) nice.quiet countryside.
Tomfelt 3) goodto be in the 4) goodair Justthen,
something5) bad happened.
A 6) bjg manjumped
out of the bushes
and orabbedTom'sdoo.
Y*a*rtu^xwwz
6
Lookat therubric
andanswer
thequestions
in
theplan.Thenwriteyourstory(100-150
words).
f' A teen magazinewants its readersto send
'-i
in storiesthat begin with'. "lt wasa darkand
',
storm! night.Johnwoson
hiswayhome."
b. In pairs,suggest
anotherbeginning/ending.
Complete
the phrases
with adverbs
fromthe
text.Usethesephrases
in sentences
of yourown.
1
4
....
2
5 moved
3
6 swam
approached
Llwamg
mffigwx*Nzawm
4
62
Usinga varietyof adjectives
makesthe storymore
interesting.
Findandcircle
theadjectives
thatthe
writerusesin the story.Whateffectdo theyhave?
-."i""i.i,,"!
Introduction (Para 1)
If,/ben/Where
cloestbe story takeplace?lVbo
is/are the main cbaracter(s)?
Main Body (Pans 2-4)
\Wat happens?Wbat
are the eventsin order?
Conclusion (paru 5)
lVbat happensin the end?Hozado(es)the
character(s)feel?
ffi
ou'Il laugh, you'll scream,you
mav even crv - but vou'11
definitely have fun on the Ghost Hunt
of York. It's an hour-and-a-half-long
tour of the most hauntedplacesin and
around the city centre of York.
Whatever the weather,your guide
will appear at7:30 pm, formally
dressedin his traditional Victorian
coat and top hat, ready to lead you
through the maze of streetsthat make
up this medieval city. Ringing his
deathbell, he will take you on a
walking tour of the darker side of the
city and tell you its fascinating ghost
stories.As well as telling you the
spookiestghost storiesyou've ever
heard.your hostwill give you an
interesting and hilarious history
lesson,with a laugh a minute.
Highly entertaining as well as
frightening, the tour will take you on
1
)
lsj
lo
an emotional journey that includes
practicaljokes, optical illusions and
audience participation. The tour
concludeswith a visit to Caesar's
Restaurant,where customersmay
find more body parts on their plates
than they ordered! Believe me when I
say it may well be the bestfun you'll
have in ages!Still not sure?Then
read thesecommentsfrom some
satisfiedcustomers:
"A fabulously entertaining tour which all of us
enjoyed immensely."
The O' Sullivan F amily (P ort smouth)
"What a laugh! Looking for-wardto going
again! Thanks. You made my night."
Alison Hunt ( Cambridge)
"The ghost hunt was wonderful - entertaining
and informative. I will definitely return for
more ghosthunting next year!"
Jill Durhanu ( Califurnia)
Reoding&listeninE
I
Lookat the photos.
Whatdo youthinkis
happening?
Whyisthe mandressed
in this
way?Listen,readandfindout.
2
Readthetextandcomplete
thesummary,
then
explainthe words/phrases
in bold.
rd
-he
GhostHuntof Yorktakesplacein the cityof
i) .
. lt startsat 7:30pm 2)
r the Shambles.
lt costs3)
andf3 for
:rrildren.
lt lastsfor 4)
hoursandtakes
rlacewhatever
the weatherThetour guideleads
through
the
streets,
ringinga bellandtelling
_,ou
ghost
5)
Thetour endsat
_,ou
o/
wherethe oeoolehavean unusual
':,rfr:
l1:.1:'r,ri.i:
,:tii'
:ii:i:,.
;'1,.i*,.-t
,.i:'liro
:itii
-7'?oOrn
Ev;RY
Nqt
im*tb:lir
- '- .
Ghouts^
*'"
.,i.rr,
to book
";o
*5eYs&gir\s
W Speaking
3
Workin pairs.
yourpartner
Tryto persuade
to
goontheGhostHuntof York.
miWrif.n+
P:-##'@'v
Portfolio:
Workin groups.
Findinformation
abouta walkthat touristscantakein a town
in yourcountry.Makenotesunderthe
followingheadings
andthencreateyourown
advertisement.
. where/when
it takesolace
. howlongit takes
. whatthetourincludes
. howmuchthetickets
are
lin ner.
63
dn*"-.-
6-saxd-&re
-""*"'*:':ffwgg
T4.. *'*. "o,"*'-s
( ) Listen
to themusicandthesounds.
Describe
thescene.
Whereareyou?Whatareyoudoing?
Whatishappening?
Howdoyoufeel?
2
-s' il_
;fr;d'd--,"rd..,fi;;f;-$";;:;yT:;;*;ffitr
C Theylikeddressing
up likesoldiers.
D Theythoughthischoiceof career
wasfunny
Whatdoesthe writersayabouthisworkinglife?
A Heenjoyed
workingon 2001:ASpaceOdyssey
B Hedidn'tenjoyworking on StarWars.
Whichisyourfavourite
typeof film?
. historical
. science-fiction
o action. comedy
. romance
. horror. drama. war . thriller
. cartoono westernr detective
C Heenjoyed
workingon the Indiana
Jonesfilms
D Heenjoyedworkrngon TheLordof theRingstrilogy
Whatdothefilmsinthepictures
havein common?
What might the writersayabout specialeffectsin
films?
ffieme$Erxg
A They'renot asgoodastheyusedto be
B They'vehelpedto makesomegreatfilms
C They'remoreimportantthana good\story.
D Theycan'tget anybetterthan theyard..r:row.
a. Readthe title of the text and lookat the
pictures.What is the text about?Listenand
readto check.
b. Readthe text and, for eachquestion,
choosethe correctanswer,A, B, C or D.
Whatisthewriter'smainpurpose
rnwritingthetext?
A to describe
hisfavourite
films
B to saywhat he likesaboutdifferentfilms
C to talkabouthiscareer
in the filmbusiness
D to explain
the historyof special
effects
What would a readerlearnaboutfilmmakers
from
the text?
A Theywant to fly.
B Theyareinvading
the Earth
C Theywill destroyfreedomacross
the universe.
D Theywant usto belreve
the impossible.
3 Whatdoesthe writersayabouthisfamily?
A Hewantedto zapthemwith a raygun.
B Theywerehisfirstaudience.
4
Completethe sentences
with the underlined
words in the text.
1 Happiness
isa wonderful
2 | like actronfilms where lots of stuff qets
3 A lot of science-fiction
filmsare aboutaliens
Earth
T h i sf i l mi sa b o u ta t y r a n ta n dh i s . .
t ars
o n t h e p l a n eM
5 Theyarrivedand
into the party,
quite
whrchwas
boringuniiltheygot there.
6 Computergenerated
imageshave
for years,but theyget better
a l l t h et i m e
7 Astronomers
stilldon': <io,,,,,
a lot aboutour
,-3 -Erowalksoff into
t h es u n s e t
thatwasalltheencouragement
I needed.
I finallygotintothe
film business
in the 70s.Stanley
Kubrick
hadamazed
everybody
withhisbeautiful
iiln 2001:
A Space
0dyssey
andI
young
guy
foundmyself
working
filmfora
ona similar
called
George
Lucas.
Hekepttalking
aboutrobots,
orswords
made
"Sltre,
outoflight,andsuperfast
spaceships,
andI keptsaying,
l iongtimeagoina galaxy
far,faraway... people
used
to
George,
buthowarewegoing
to make
it?"Well,intheendwe
=trieve
whatever
theysawwiththeirowneyes.Butdoyou
founda wayandStarWarswasa massive
We
blockbuster.
'-allybelieve
amancanfly?Doyoubelieve
aliens
areinvading made
twomoreSfarWars
films,andI hadagreat
timeworking
:ar1horthatanevilempire
freedom
willdestroy
across
the
onIhelndiana
Jones
movies,
butthenalong
came
Jurassic
LryQ15Q?
For the makersof films like Supernan, Parkin
1993andthatchanged
everything.
r"tependence
DayandStarWars,
is to make
theirmission
Computer
animation
hadbeenaround
fora longtime,butnow
r:.:believe
andthat's
when
likeme.
theycome
tosomeone
wecouldmakeanykindof creature
wewanted.
it
Suddenly,
l''ertheyears,
l'vetravelled
through
time,
breathed
lifeback seemed
generated
likeevery
filmhadto haveCGI(computer
-io dinosaurs
andblownupentireplanets.
Today,
I workat
imaging)
andI thinksomepeople
forgotthatfilmsstillneed
rdustrial
goes
Light&Magic,
butmyinterest
inspecial
effects
imagination.
I enjoyfilmslikeTheLordof the RingsIrilogy
:ackto mychildhood.
I remember
seeing
thealieninTheWar
gotdrama
because
they've
andemotion
aswellas great
)i TheWorlds
zapsomesoldiers
witha raygunandI thought special
effects,
butmykidslikecomputer
animated
filmslike
"l wanttodothat,"
:l mysel{,
Myfather
hada home
movie Shrek.
Sometimes
I tryto imagine
whatkindoffilmsthey'llbe
:amera
pretending
andI filmed
mybrother
to bea soldier. watching
whenthey'reolder,butthenI lookbackat howfar
-f
enI filmedsomefireworks
exploding.
Mymumwentcrazy we've
already
come.
Whocould
have
dreamed
anyofthis
,,,hen
shesawit, butmydadthought
it wasreallyfunnyand
would
really
happen?
Matchthewordsin boldto theirsynonyms.
Spem&<6mg
1 support
2 shoot
In pairs,
thinkof questions,
thenactout an
interview
betweenDickSummers
anda
journalist,
basedon the information
in thetext.
3 liberty
4 huge
5 reflect
6 task
Readthe sentences.
Which is about a: CD?film?
game?concert?
play?Usethe underlinedwords
to talk aboutyour favouriteCD,film,etc.
€-EstemSrxg
Listenandcomplete
the film review.
1 With an excellent
cast.grippingplot and lotsof
specral
effects,
thisissureto be a boxofficehit!
2 Thetitletrackisthe best,but the wholealbum
is worth a listen,and sometunesmay even
haveyousinqtngalong
3 D e s p i tteh e s i m p l ep l o ta n d d u l lg r a p h i c tsh, i s
fantaqladventurb
is engaging,quite difficult
and lotsof fun
4 Thecastplayedto a fullhouseon opelfngnight
andthe audience
lovedtheirperformance
5 Thepackedstadiumrockedandthe bandgave
a fantasticlive performance
of sonqsfrom
throughouttheirlongcareer
T i t l e :1 ) . . .
Directed
b y : B r i a n2 ) . . . . . . .
S t a r r i n g : T i3
m)
a sD a v eD o u g l a s
RobertDowneyJr givesa 4)
performance
asDr Kozak.
An exciting
filmfor 5)
,'-Writinq
{--'-s*-tl
Portfolio:Writea shortreviewof a filmyou have
(50-60words).Youshouldinclude:
seenrecently
o title.
a C t O f S / d i f " r - rtn rn l n f r v n r, r ^ p i n i O l
65
3
In pairs,listasmanyplaces
asyoucanthink
of wherepeoplego for entertainment.
1 T h eS t a r W afrisl m sw e r eh u g e . . . . . . . . . . . .h. .i.t.s .
2 T h r e ef i l m sm a k eu 0 a . . . . .
3 A .. . . continues
the storyof a previous
film
b . Complete
theword(s)tomatcheachdefinition.
Areanyof thesewordsin yourlist?
4 . ............
5 S h r ei ksa . . .
1 Yougo hereto watcha film. c
2 Youcanmeetyourfriendsherefor a coffee.
Youcanrideon a rollercoasterhere.
p
r____
4 Yougo hereto watcha play.t
performance.
5 Yougo hereto watcha musical
c
h
paintings
Youcansee
here.
a__ q__
Youcangoten-pin
bowling
here
b
a
Yougo hereto watchanopera.
o
n
. . .m a k ef i l m sm o r ee x c i t i n g .
. . . . . . . . f. i.l.m .
6 T h i sf i l mi ss u r et o b e a s u m m e r
....."...
7 The
.. wasborinqand predictable.
4
FiII in: sfars,filmed,directed,f eatures,is set.
1 M o s to f t h e S t a r W a r s f i l m s w. e. .r.e. . . . . . . .i n
..
a studio.
2
3
4
5
TomCruise
in a lot of actionfilms.
Thefilm
in outerspace.
T h ef i l mi s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b.y. S
. . t. e. v eS
np i e l b e r g .
Shrek.
a greenogrevoicedby Mike
Myers.
c. In pairs,talkaboutwhichof theseplaces
youcanfindin the areawhereyoulive.
B.
Fill in: seguel,trilogy, specialeffects,blockbuster,
computeronimated,plot, boxoffice.Checkin
your dictionaries.
There's
a crnema
andlotsofcafds
inmyarea.
no
There
aresomecafdsin myareatoo,butthere's
theatre.
Speaking
a. Lookat theitems.
Whichoneshaveyou
got?
DVDprayer
'digital
camera
Fill in: audience,subtitles,DVD,dubbed,band,
performance,downloaded,track, olbum,
applause,songs,crowd, films, website,horror.
#kir'.
1 A: I don't likewatchingfilmsif the language
hasbeen
. I preferto read
B: Really?
| don'twatchmanyforeign
2 A: Therewasa hugeroundof
.. ..... from
t h e. . . . . . . . .a. .t t. h ee n do f t h e. . . . . .
B : Y e a hT h e
. . wentwild!
3 A: Thissong is my favourite
on the
whole
B : YeahThey'remy favourite
A : I renteda reallygood .
(PDA)
organiser
...,too.
last night
calledShawnof theDead.
B : Thatsoundslikea . . ..... film Wasit?
A : No - actually,it wasa comedy.
A : | . . . . . . . . . .s. .o m eg r e a r
o n r om y
b . Usethe verbsto complete
the phrases.
Thenrankthe objectsin Ex.5ain orderof
importance
to you.Compare
answers
with
a paftner.
. send(x2'r. lisien1x2;o 1s6e1jo play
iPodlastnight.
B : R e a l l yT?e lm
l et h e n a m eo f t h e . . . . . . . . . . .s.o. .
I canseeif there'sanythingI mightlike.
. take . Stofe . 1,,13161
r 63ll
1
2
frletos
:3X: -eSSageS
3
. . ...the latestgames
. ...to yourfavourite
tunes
4
5
6
. . . . .e - m a i l s
. ....addresses.
birthdays,
etc
7 .
8
9
10
8
Fillin:onor in.
Is there anythingworth watching on TV
t o n i g h t ?l ' m . . . . . . .t h e m o o d f oart h d l l e r
lsawX-Meni//atthe
cinemalastnightandlwas
...........fi1ms
.. . .. pictures
to music,news,talk shows,etc
. . . .T
. Vp r o g r a m m e s
fhc eriac of mv seat !
3 | needto chargemy mobilephone.Wherecan
Ip l u g. . . . . . . .t h e c h a r g e r ?
phone
A: Tome,themobile
isthemostimportant
ofall,
because
I cancallmyfriends
orsendtextmessages.
B: Tome,thegames
console
isthemostimportant
of
all,because
I canplaythelatestgames.
4 | tune........ to thisradiostationeveryda;
Reading
6
a. Readthe instructions
andnumberthemin
the correctorder.WhichgadgetfromEx.5a
aretheyfor?
I
Complete
the sentences
with the correctverb
form,thenexplainthe
phrasalverbs
in bold.
FulI
f \
"Siwc
1 l t ' sr e a l l lya t ea n dI ' mt i r e d l t h i n kl ' l l. . . . . . i n
2 | don'tfeellikegoingto fhe cinema- l'm going
t o . . . . . .i n .
3 O K .| . . . . . . . .i.n. H o w d o y o uw o r k t h i sd i g i t a l
camera?
Afterthe concertwe founda B&Bto
i n f o rt h e n i g h t .
. ....us
5 Please
don't
in when l'm talking
got
6 We
to the stationjustasthe train . .. ...in.
7 M y p a r t - t i mjeo b a t t h e c i n e m ao n l y. . . . . . . .i.n.
il
g
aboutf1 00 a week.
10 Fillin a wordfromthe listbelow-thenexplain
the idiomsin bold.Aretheresimilar
idiomsin
yourlanguage?
--n
. whale. Dutch. leg . storm
.vu,
b. In pairs,usethe instructions
to actout a
dialogue
abouthowto usethe gadget.
1 Wehada
of a timeat the party
2 S a mp a i da n a r ma n da . . . . . . . . . .f .o. r.h. i sn e w
A: I don'tknowhowtousethis.What
doI do?
push
B: Well,
first
theon/offbuttontoswitchit on.
A: Thisone?
OK.lt'son.Whatnow?
etc
laoto0.
3 Mobilephones
havetakentheworldby ..........
.
4 W h e nI g o o u tw i t h P a u w
l , e a l w a ygso . . . . . . . . . . . .
- that is.we eachpayhalfthe bill
Matchthe adjectives
to the phrases,
thenfind
the oddwordout,asin the example.
Project:
Writea text givinginstructions
on how
to senda text message
on yourmobilephone.
67
Articles
2 A A lot oflA few my friendsdon't likegoing
G r a m m aR
r eterence
)
t o t h ec i n e m a .
Reading&Listening
B : Well,much/manypeoplepreferto watch
DVDsat home.
3 A : Little/Fewadults know how to use the
Internet.
B: I disagreeI think thereare only a few/a
a. Readthetextandcomplete
the gapswith a,
an or thewherenecessary.
Listenandcheck.
Howarearticles
usedin yourlanguage?
littlewho don't.
4 A: All/Severalmy family uses SMS How
aboutyours?
Japanese
cultureis having1) .........
enormousimpacton
B: Some/Notany of us do, but my dad still
hasn'tgot a clue.
2) .........
rest of the world, especially
in 3) .........
areasof
film, food, musicand fashion.In 4) .........
Tokyoyou can
find cutting-edge fashion, experimentalmusic and
5) .........
reallyfunky,trendyyouth scene.6) .........
streets
of Shibuyaare 7) .........
city'smost popularareafor youth
I
3
culture.Teenagers
herearehip kidswith all 8) .........
latest
Speaking
Usethe informdtion
in the piechartto make
sentences.
Usemost,ofew,some,
several,
olotof.
gadgets.9) .........Japaneseteenage girls spend their
moneyon 10) .........
hottesttrendsin clothesand music,
and 11) .........teenageboys invest in 12) .........Iatest
computergamesand 13) .........
technology.
Someyoung
Japanesepeoplehave startedtheir
own
fashion houses and
design companieswhich
aretaking14).........
rest
o f 1 5 ) . . . . . . .w
. .o r l d b y
storm!
MostAmerican
teenagers
choose
thephonewhenthey
wanttocommunicatewithfriends.
b . Answerthe questions.
1 Whichisthemostpopularteenage
spotinTokyo?
2 Whatdo.Japanese
teensspendtheirmoneyon?
3 What aboutteenagers
in your town? In pairs
Adverbs
GrammarReference
4
a. Readthetheory.Giveexamples
of yourown.
Aretheresimilar
structures
in yourlanguage?
compare
themwith Jaoanese
teens.
Quantifiers
=w
GrammarReference
2
a. Whichof thesewordsgo with countable/
uncountable
nouns?
Whatarethesewords
usedfor?Listthemfromthe leastto the
most.
i,.-_"",
- .,,,._".*_----.,"-
,|
several- few- all- many- a few
2 some- little- a lot of - a little- everv
3 each- not anylno
b . Underlinethe correctword. Givereasons
and
makesentences
with the other words.
A: Each/Every
of us hasa mobilephone.
B: Yes,but few/somepeoplearen'tsofortunate
68
Adverbsdescribehow, how often, where, when ]
andto what degreesomething
happens.
(Nowdoeshe walk?- manner)
Johnwalksquickly.
(Towhat degree?- degree)
Thefilmhasalmostfinished.
Heoftencatches
thebustowork(Howoften?- frequenry)
(When?- time)
lsawhimyesterday.
., Hewasworkinginthegarden.
- place)
(Where?
b . Put the words in orderto makecomplete
sentences.
What type of adverbis each?
1 DVDs/ allafternoon
/ we / watched
2 warted/ Bob /for the taxi/ by the door
3 slowly/ chewed/ )ane/ herfood
4 disappointing
/ the film/ rather/ was
5 to the cinema
/ goes/ rnriihherbrother/ usually
/
5ne
Questiontags
Reflexivepronouns
@
GrammarReference
GrammarReference
Readthecartoon.Dothequestion
formsaskfor
information
or confirmation/agreement?
8
Matchthe examplesto the uses(a-c).
1 Hecuthimself.
2 Shewentbyherself
3 | don'tbelieve
it myself,
butsomepeople
do.
a the subjectandthe objectarethe same
b to emphasise
the subject
= 'wrthoutanyoneelse'
c (witha preposition)
9
Completethe sentences
with reflexivepronouns.
1 A: Who areyou goingto the cinemawith?
B : l ' m g o i n gb y
2 A: What'swrongwith Sarah?
B: She's
hurt
) Listening
')Complete
thequestion
tags.Listenandtick.
3 A : C a nI g e ty o ua d r i n k ?
B : N o ,t h a n k sl.' l lg e to n e
4 A: HasJennygot a new mobilephone?
B: Yes,but shedidn'tpayfor it .
5 A: Who isarranging
the party?
B: We aredoingeverything
..
Listenagainandrepeat.
tiiil;i
\
(sure)
1 T h a t ' sn o t a n e wj a c k e t., . . . . .? ,
1
1
You'llwriteto me,
.. ?
3 l'm dressed
smartlyenough,
. . . . . . .. 7
A
W e ' v eb e e ni n v i t e d. . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . ?
5
If lfag f lga ff t I o: tn t t thvn u, , tr
6
Ynr r'vc nnf cnor rnh
:n^
a9w,
)
?
Echotags
GrammarReference
a.r Listenandreadthe examples.
Arethere
similar
structures
in yourlanguage?
Heleft.Hedid,didn'the?(confirmation)
Heleft.Didhe7(surprise)
Hedidn'tcome.
Hedidn't,didhe?(confirmotion)
(surprise)
Hedidn'tcome.
Hedidn'tT
b . Respond
to the following.
1 It's7 o'clockalready(surprise)
(confirmation)
2 Maria'shersister.
3 He isstillat work (surprise)
4 It'sa veryfunnyfilm (confirmation)
5 I haven'tseenthat film (surprise)
Sentencetransformations
aresome
sentences
abouttechnology.
10 Here
Complete
thesecond
sentence
sothatit means
the
same
asthefirst.Usenomorethanthreewords.
Mostteenagers
in Americausethe Internet.
T h e ya r eo n l y . . . . . . .
. American
teenagers
who don't usethe Internet.
Not manypeoplecanwritecomputerprograms
T h e r e a r e a. .
....whocannot
writecomputerprogra
ms
l'msurea mobilephonecan'tbethatexpensive
A m o b i l ep h o n ec a n ' tc o s t h a t . . . . . . . . . . ... .i.t ?
Thereisn'ta betterMP3playerthanthisone
This........
.. MP3player
r
questionnaire
Portfolio:
Prepare
a simple
about
howteensin yourcountrypreferto
communicate
withtheirfriends.
Collect
the
questionnaire,
completed
prepare
a piechart,
thenwritea shortparagraph
analysing
thefacts.
Doyouliketalkingonthephone?
Ies- tVo
69
TheInternet
@.rxpeola"*om
a. Lookat the logos.Whichis:asearch
engineT
a shopping
site?
atravelsite?
an
onlineauctionsiteT
anencyclopaedia?
a film site?
u
b. Doyou knowthesewebsites?
Which
areyourfavouritewebsites?
Whichof the followingare:
e-mailaddresses?
websiteaddresses?
1 wvwv.ebay.co
uk
2 www.google.com
3 benfreeman@freemail
co.uk
4 .yenster_85@registeredsite.
com
a,uSFon$om'
6&wr*
;3*
wft*r*nnrA
Expressing
viewpoints
V Speoking
4
Lookatthepictures
andtheheadlines.
Inpairs,
talkabout
thelnternet.
Discuss:
. whatVouusetheInternet
for & howoften
. howusefulyou
findit
o Internet
safety
,:3,31.'$.,.?,'.
5 www.channel5/competition.net
au
t:llY.:..%
How do we sayeachof these?
@
t
Readthe addresses
aloud,
then listenand check.
Listening
Youwill heara conversation
betweentwo friendsaboutthe
Internet.
Listen
anddecide
if
eachsentence
iscorrector
incorrect,
andtick(/) boxA for
Yesor B for No.
A B
Yes No
Sarah
thinksthatAndy
spends
too muchtime
online
I
I
At first,Sarah
understands
whyAndy
likes
theinternet.
tr I
Sarah
thinkstheInternet
issafe.
tr f
AndythinksSarahhas
a pessimistic
attitude. tr
f
I
SarahthinksAndyis
responsible
when he
usesthe Internet.
70
nukingl;";;;;*,n
5
p
ffi;,ins r,er
a. Matchtheverbsto the nouns.
Computerproblems
rTt
delete
a computer
ETI
FTI
ETI can'tinstall
c a file
d the server/lnternet
r-;-r-l
t o t I crash
e e-mails
f a disk
can'tcheck
can'tconnectto
fs-f_lcorrupt
b software
b. In pairs,usethe problems
in Ex.5aandthe useful
language
to actout exchanges,
asin theexample.
I
Andytsconfident
about
the safetymeasures
hehastaken
Spame-mailon the rise
Itr
. What'swrong?
. What'sthe matter?
o What'sthe problem?
r What'sup?
A: What'swrong?
B: I deletedafile bymistake.
A: Perhaps
I canhelp.
. Letme/Doyou want me to
havea lookat it?
. C a nI h e l p ?
. Perhaps
I canhelp.
C o m p u t e rhsa v ed e f i n i t e .l y. . . . . . . . .t.h. et i m e
it takesto do a lot of repetitive
tasks.(short)
One problemwith usingcomputers
is that it
can
. youreyes.(weak)
Reading
im a. Readthesesentences
froma dialogue.
What
do youthinkthedialogue
isabout?
. G l a dl c o u l dh e l p .
. You're
practically
glued
to thatcomputer
screen
. Maybe
youcanhelpme.
. Whydon'tyoutryagain?
. That's
donethetrick.
o WhatamI doingwrong?
b. Complete
thedialogue
with thesentences
fromEx.6a.Listenandcheck.
A : Hi,John.How'si t g o i n g ?
B : O h ,h e l l oK
, i m .I didn'tseeyouthere
R u ny o ur a n t i - v i r upsr o g r a m
r e g u l a rtloy . . . . . . . . . .
that yourcomputeris keptclean.(sure)
5 Manypeoplewho usethe Internetsayit has
. . .. theirhorizons(broad)
Recommending
8
Readthe exchanges.
In pairs,act out similar
exchanges,
usingthe ideasbelowand the
expressions
in the languagebox.
A : Yes,lknow.1)
A: What do youthinkof thisnewvideogame?
B: lt'sexcellent!
Youshoulddefinitely
buyit.
B: Actually,
I'vegot a problem.
2)
A: What isthat new computershoplike?
B: lt's not very good I wouldn't bothergoing
A: SureWhat'sup?
B: l'mtryingto checkmye-mailbut I can'tget into
it. lt saysto checkmy userlDandpassword,
but
thereif I wereyo-.
3 A: Haveyou beento the newspain Bath?
B: Yes- it's fantastic!Don't missthe chanceto
g ot h e r e !
I didthat 3)
Thesethings are usuallycasesensitive.
you
know.Forgetting
a capitallettercanmessit up.
B: Really?
Yes.You'reright.5) ......
Thanks
A: No problem.
6)
c. Act out yourown dialogues,
usingthe ideas
below.
. screen
frozen/ triedeverything
the
/ restart
computerusually
works
. deleted
a filebyaccident
/ can'tfindit i look
intherecycle
bin- youcanusually
restore
it
fromthere
Word formation (verbsfrom
adjectives)
Readthe rule,thenformverbsfromthe
adjectives
to complete
the sentences.
. lt'sgreaVfantastid
. lt'sterrible/awful/
d i<:nnnintinn/of
r
excellenVwonderful/etc
!
. lf I wereyou.l'd buy
. I wouldn'tbuyone/go
one/gothere/tryiVetc
there/trvit if I rnrere
vou
. Don'tmissiVthechance o Don'tbotherl
tn nn tharo/<oo itlotrl
. I wouldn'tbother
. Youshoulddefinitely
buy l n n i n n t h o r o / o t r \ i f I
one/goltryiVetc.
wereyou
o lt'swellworth a look/etc n lt'snot worth iVthe
c lt'sa musthave/seel
money/alook/visiVetc
\)rvrr
r:,
rl
. n e ws h o p p i ncge n t r*e* * * *
. N i g h t m aC
r eD*
r latestHarryPotterf i l m* * * * *
o B a t m aDn V D* * *
Didyou
writethis
play
yourself?
,'Veusethe prefixen- or the suffix-en to form verbs
from adjectives
to givethe meaningmake.- Make', Well,l'm glad
you,
sureyou enoblethefirewallonyourcomputer.
Wehad to : to meet
William
* id?: !!: !:::y:!_ts
i n: i,!h:,?:! : Shakespeare
: :: !-l?:?:,?_1:
!!,
I thoughtyou
1 Digitalphotography
makesit easyfor people
weredead.
(large)
to . .
. .....theirown pictures.
Everyline
of it.
71
Background
o Thefilm/story
issetin
. Thisbookisabout..
. ThisCDwasrecorded
ffi*Xkawzg
*Kmw'*wffi
yourfavourite
What's
typeof music?
Who's
yourfavourite
Tellyourpartner.
singer?
Descriptions
. TheplotisexcellenVinteresting.
o lt hasamazing
soundeffects.
q&*wwr
LwK'w
&wwW"
2
o
a. Readthe letter.Whichparagraph
mentions:
thewrite*reasonsfor
likingtheCD?
a recommendation?
nomeof CD?information
aboutCD?
o Thespecial
effects
areexcellenvsuperb.
o-
T| h| ol L rL eU cJ tL
ri
l
l t ' c n n t rL :qtr rLhr vr ) irru rr rnLoJ ."
rLJ yvr
. Thesinger's
powerful
voicemakes
thisCDone
of hisbest.
1:1
lt
rcl-ir
ir <
J c
J ut y1Lpt 1
w6
t u1l l| l1o /' 2
L lm
l rzinn
l 9/ f/ r n
l Of l l L O ) L l L
o Thesoundisrich
o_
t
Tho lvrirc:ro nrpet
Dear Julie,
ffiF Hil How are you?
)orry I haven't been in
touch for a whilebut I've
General
comments/opinion
. Don'tmissit.
r lt'swellworthseeing/playing.
. Youreally
mustsee/read/listen
to lt.
been really buay. Anyway,
I've finally 6ot oome free
Ymaxw
Kwawm
time,so lthou1ht l'd droplou
a line and tell you about a
4
6reat new CD fve bouqht. I listen
to it all the time and I know it'a
juat the aort of thin6 you like, too!
'Eaaape'
and it'a by Enrique
f,lff' nra CD ia called
lqleaiaa,one of the beat-oellin7)paniah artists in the
from an
1flThisis part of a letteryou received
penfriend.
iTEnglish
ln gour next letter,pteosetetl me otl
aboutgourJavouriteCD.Whg do gou
likeit?Whotsongshasit got?
world. It'a a brilliant CD with thirteen tracks to enjoy.
fib' iU'o an album filled with many different typeo of
eonqo, from upbeat pop tuneo to romantia ballada. My
1]s*I'a1W
Writea letteranswering
yourpenfriend's
ouestions.
favourite oon4 io'Here'. lt'o a beautiful elow aonq and
Enrique'o voice is full of emotion ao he oin4o it. Thetitle
track'Eacape' ia qreat, too. It will haveyou oin7inqand
a. Readthe rubricandthe information
in the
box.Thenanswer
thequestions
in the plan.
,,i
dancinqin no time with ita catchy tune and rich sound.
ir' '-
l+. lthink the album haa aomethinqthat willappealto
ii:
il'
everyone.You ahould add thia CD bo your collection. I'm
'
oure you'll like it. Anyway, I'd better qo now. Write soon.
,:
Love,
t
Ann
iigql4g".l$,!le1*e1o"",,.,,ry,l:t.1.s5..rtr':i-e1.li@:,I;l'i'.:!:?
: :':'-
b. Readthe letteragain.WhatdoesAnnlike
abouttheCD?
3
Thinkof yourfavouritefilm/book/CD.
Usethe
followingphrases
to talkaboutthem.
Introduction
(Para 1) Greetings- reasonfor uri,ting
Main Body
(Para 2) Whatfacts should you include?
(.e.9.narne, type,etc)
(Pan 3)'\X/hat does the CD contaim? (tracks,
coiltnl el7tson artist'spetformance)
(Para 4)Wt'do y'oulike it?
Closing Remarks
(Pan 5) \Y-batis t'ottr reconTmendation?closittg rctrtarks
b. Writeyourletter(120-180
words).
Youcan
usethe Ietterin Ex.2 asa model.
'q-ryms
$#m
H G Wells(1866-1946)
was
-tsritishwriterandwasone
the first authorsto wdte
,]cut time travel, space
$t ald alieninvasion.He
, rs most famousfbr his science-fiction
"rrels, incluilng The Time Machine
, S95)and TheInvisibleMan (1897).In
7e Warof the Worlds(1898),Martians
, i: Iheir advanced
technologyto invade
:'nh in hugemachines,equippedwith
:ri raysandchemicalweapons,
to attack
-i:nanS.
b Reoding& Listening
Lookat the bookcover.
Whatkind
of novels
do youthinkH G Wells
wrote?Readthe biographical
information
aboveto findout.
Listen
to thesounds
and
matchthemto the words/
phrases
below.Whatdo you
t h i n ki sh a p p e n i n g
L?
i s t eann d
readto findout.
.
.
.
.
beatrng
noise
h i s s i nogf a ne n g i n e
m e t a l lhi ca m m e r i n. gw h r s t l i n g
violent
hooting. thudding
Readthe extractandanswerthe
questions.
1 Whereisthenarrator?
2 Whatwasthehandlinq
m a c h r nl iek e ?
3 Whatdidit make?
4 Whooperated
thedigging
machine?
Readagain.Whatdo the
underlined
wordsreferto?
Explain
thewordsin bold.
Whatdidthehandling
machine
looklike?Listthewordsusedby
the author.Useyourlistto describe
the machine
to yourpartner.
"tre
Thefifthcylinder,I whspered,
fifthshipfromlVars,
hasstruck
thishouse
,fr*ru;ii+r 6 i?"t;s*1.irar,
!t
rg**:.ttg:
i$"'h
*i"{*,t+.
andburied
usunder
therurnsl
Outside
there
began
a metallic
hammering,
thena violent
hooting,
likethe hisingof an engineThese
andthena hissing
noises
continued
occasionally,
andincreased
as timeworeon, Soona
thudding
thatmade
everything
about
usshake
began
andcontinued
pit,
Thecylinder
wasalready
opened
inthecentre
the
of
andonthe
faredgeofthepit,oneof thegreat
fighting-machines,
leftempty
by
ffi
'!frryff
ffi$
#€,
ff{4i
iF"*:x
re
fffi
itsoccupant,
stoodstiffandtallagainst
theevening
skyAt firstI
hardly
noticed
thepit andthecylinder
because
of theextraordrnary
glittering
mechanism
I saw,
andbecause
ofthestrange
that
creatures
werecrawling
andpainfully
slowly
across
theground
near
[,
Themechanism
certainly
heldmyattention
ftrstlI wasoneof those
complicated
frameworks
thatwenowcallhandling-machines,
andthe
which
has
already
studyof
helpedour scientific
advancement
enormously,
lt looked
l kea sortof metallic
spider
withfivejointed,
agilelegs,
andwithanexiraordinary
number
of lointed
levers,
bars,
andreaching
andclutching
tentacles
aboutitsbody
perfect
Itsmovements
weresocomplex
and
thatat firstI didnotseeit
gleamThefighting-machines
inspite
of itsmetallic
asa machine,
wefe
coordinated
andanimated
to anextraordinary
level,
butnothing
to
withthis
compare
puttogether
WhenI looked
again,
thebusy
machrne
hadalready
several
it hadtaken
ofthepieces
ofapparatus
outofthecylinder
intoa shape
remarkably
similar
to itsown;anddownonthelefta busy
littledigging
machine
hadcomeintoview,lettingoff jetsof green
vapourand
working
itswayround
thepit Thiswaswhathadcaused
theregular
beating
noise,
andtherhythmic
shocks
lt whistled
asit workedSofar
asI could
see,
thethingwasworking
without
direction
froma lVartian
atall
6
Discuss
whichof the adjectives
belowbestdescribe
the
narrator's
feelings.
. amazed
. surprised
o shocked
. scared
. sad tenseo relaxed
n disaooointed
"
Givereasons.
W Speaking
youwerethere.Howwouldyoufeel?Whatwould
lmagine
youdo?Tellyourpartner.
73
.. ::::::,:
' :l:
,,:,,,, ..,:',t:,..,,,
"':,t
,:.
'::
.
.:.1 ,,,,,.. .
i.'rlr,.,,,.,,,ffi
trtl:il:
l,,,aiuri?llll:
S$rr.-}slp,il
,',,".'.tt Vocabulary & Grammar
Useof English
t'...
Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it means
the sameas the first.Useno morethanthree
words.
1
Fillin the gapswith the correctword.
.:r,tl:
1 S u c hr u d eb e h a v i o umr a k e sm y . . . . . . . . ... .b o i l
as a sheet
,:,','.'.,t,tt: 2 Areyou OK?You look as
l:,:,::;
player
3 ThisMp3
up to 1,000songs
:,,rrrr.'
i1t:,,'
partywas betterthan the
1 The Christmas
Halloween
oartv.
4 I'm scaredto .
of cocrroacnes.
5 He must be happy - he's smiling from
....to ear.
6 Thebandgavea greatlive.
of their
mostfamoussongs.
7 Hetook . . the companyafterhrsfatherdied
8 Hedoeslike
. -fictionstories.
partywasn't
TheHalloween
party
Christmas
Ann'sfairycostumewon a prize.
Ann wasthe girl
... . . won a prize.
ShearrivedbeforeTony.
T o n ya r r i v e d
. . . . . . . . . . h. .e. .r
Mostyoungpeoplehavemobilephones.
9 D r a g o n sa r e m y t h i c a.l. . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .a t c a n
breathefire.
10 He sent me a text
meethim at 6:00
Thereare
m o b i l ep h o n e s
me ro
aSKrng
. .....who don't have
5 He saidno one heloedhim fix
believe
him.
H es a i dh e f i x e d
(10marks)
Circlethe correctitem.
but I don't
. . .. , b u t I d o n ' t
believe
him
She trembled
:nnrn:rhod
fazr
:</
"-l
tho
ni:nt,.
(10marks)
:r,_,
hor
B of
C a t
John
.. overto the sideof the road to
havea rest
A handed
B came
C pulled
Fillin the correctword derivedfromthe word
in bold.
I tune . . .. . to Radio2 everymorning.
A o n
B i n
C u p
2 Thereare many
fish in the
aquarium
BEAUTY
3 l w a sI e f t
. . . . . . .b.yt h es h o c k i nnge w s !
A with
1 J a n ei s a v e r y. . . . . .
makestime for others.
We met a girl . .. .. .. fatherwasa diver.
A which
B that
The kitten neverstops runningaround lt's
very......
PLAY
5 Vlydoglooksscary,
but he's
. really!
A v r i il st h e . . . . . . . s i n g eirn t h e w o r l d l
B better
HELP
SPEECH
C whose
tpenaners
knnrnr
lgyy to USethe Net
A Each
B Every
C Most
A best
girl. She always
HARM
C worse
(10marks)
L i s t e tno t h e b i r d s. . . . . . . .i.n. t h e t r e e s .
A creaking
(ho t:rrnht
A herself
B howling
Communication
C singing
hnrnrtn r<o : .^mnr rtor
B himself
T h e. . . .. . . b r o k er n t oa p p l a u saet t h e e n d .
A cast
B band
C audience
1 0 H e.
. . m eo f m y u n c l e .
A looks
B reminds
Completethe exchanges.
C myself
C remembers
a I wouldn'tmrssit for the worldI
b What'swrong?
It'snot worth the money.
d Wouldyou liketo cometo my partyon Saturday?
e
l'm reallyscaredof heights!
(10marks)
74
#
1 A :
B : I deleteda file by mrstake
2 A : Please
cometo my party.
B:
3 A : What do you think of this
jacket?
B:
4 A :
B : There's nothing to worry
about.
5 A :
B: Soundsgood,but l'm away
that weekend.
(10morks)
Listening
Youwill heara girlinvitinga
friendto a Halloween
party.Fill
out the details
on the invitation
below
Reading
Readthetext andanswerthe questions.
TheEdinburgh
Festival
lf youoreeverinScotlond
inSeptember,
you shouldpoy o visitto the Edinburgh
Festivol.
lt iso hugecelebrotion
of culture,
whereyouconseecomedyshows,
musicol
performonces,
ploysond muchmore,
ThefirsiEdinburgh
Fesiivol
tookplocein
1947.lI wos seenos o woy to re-unite
Europe
throughculture,
ofterWorldWorll,
The festivolwos so successful
thot it
ottrocted more performersthon there
wosroomfor.Afterneorly60yeors,the festivolisstill
goingstrongondgrowing
biggereveryyeor,
TheFestivol
is o ploce wherenew tolentis discovered,
os the
principleis thot onyonecon opplyfo performthere,Lostyeor's
festivolfeotured27,000performonces
in 240differentvenues.There
performers
wereso mony
thoi it wouldtokeyou5 yeors,ll monihs
ond l6 doysto wotchollof thembockto bock!
WithoverI 35million
ticketssoldlostyeor,it iscertoinly
theploceto
be.Formoreinformotion
go to
oboutthisyeor'sfestivol,
?:ttp :I ltyw'.N.e
dtWe, c*$l
1 Wheredoesthe Festival
takeplace?
2 Whattypeof actscanyouseethere?
3 How longhasthe Festival
beenrunning?
4 Whatwasthe purposeof the firstFestival?
5 How manyticketsweresoldlastyear?
(10morks)
Writing
Writea shortreviewof your
favourite
film(100-120
words).
Include
the title,actors/director,
the plotandyouropinion.
(20 marks)
Nm*qd
| #mFl,,,
Srlrtl:
talkandwriteaboutmythical
creatures
talk& writeaboutfestivals
invite& accepVrefuse
writea 3rd-person
narrative
talk& writeabouta filmI'veseen/a
CDI like
talk& writeabouthowteenscommunicate
askabouta problem
& offerhelp
recommend
sth
F#$ffi$fii$h
",".*$m.
Nothingtastesbetter1)
fruit and vegetablesthat you have grownyourself,and
growingthem is a fun and healthyhobby.You don'tneed a big garden,2) ............
they
can grow well in pots,grow bags,hangingbasketsand windowboxes.
Evenif you are an absolutebeginnerwithonlya balcony3) ............
spare,you can
growyourown plants.All you needis a littleeffortand 4) ............
patience.
Firstly,choosewhichfruitsand vegetablesyou 5) ............
liketo grow.Tomatoes,
aubergines,strawberries,
springonions,lettuce,beetrootand manytypesof herbscan all be
6) ............
in pots.Youcan alsogrowpeasand beansif you add a caneframeto the pot.You
can buy the seeds from a garden centre.Then all you need are some large pots and a3
7) ............
of bags of compost.Sow the seedsaccordingto the instructions
on the packet .
youputdifferent
andmake8) ............
varieties
pots.Choosean area
of plantsin separate
thatis shadedbutgetssomesunlight.
Watertheplantsstraight
9) ............
sowing,
andthen
regularly
throughout
thesummer.
In a 10)
weeksyoushouldbe ableto enjoythe
Howmanyof the fruitsandvegetables
in the pictures
can
youname?
Whataretheycalledin yourlanguage?
Doyou
growanyof themin yourgarden/on
yourbalcony?
W Reoding
2
a. Lookat thetitleof thetext.Whatdo youthinkit isabout?
b. Readthroughthetextoncequickly.
Howmanyof the
fruitsandvegetables
in the pictures
arementioned?
Readthe text againandchoosethe correctword,A, B,C or
D,to complete
eachgap.Listenandcheck.
l A a s
2 A whereas
3 A f o r
4
B of
B
UELq
U )C
C than
C but
4 A alotof
5 A should
B on
B much
B couro
6 A b r o u g h ut p
7 A pair
8 A sure
9 A after
B developedC made
B rnr rnlo
C two
B confirmed C definite
B off
C from
1 0A l i t t l e
B few
C i n
C many
C would
C some
D from
D although
D t o
D lots
D had
D grown
D duo
D positive
D away
D lot
Findsynonyms
in the text for the wordsbelow.
. complete
. plant(v) . kinds. routinely
. work(n)
76
W Listening
5
a. Youaregoingto hear
someone
talkingabouthow
to makeyourown compost.
Listenandputthe stepsin the
rightorder.
andgarden
FT-l rittit withkitchen
waste.
IET] wait 2-3 monthsand then
mixit up.
reTl
Rrrvrnmnn<t
hin
ETI Add somesoil
ETI Putcomposton garden.
fF-n Putbin on an earthsurface
b. Listen
again.Whatcanyouuse
to makecompost?
2 Project
Workin groups.
Growyourown
fruit,vegetable
or herbin a plant
pot.Reportbackto the classon
itsprogress.
ts 7-B
warn otners
t
reporuan emergency '..1
makesuggestions&
]
presentresults/conseq
uences
,
Practise
...
Before
youstart
.
.
Thinkof two festivals
in yourcountry.
Describe
themto the classWhichdo you likemost?
Whichisyourfavourite
film?Describe
its plot
to the class.
.
.
.
.
o
.
o
.
.
conditionals
wishes
clauses
of purpose/result
the passive
causative
form
every,each,either,neither
idiomsrelatedto work,crime
formationof adjectives
from verbs
phrasalverbswith through,away
Write...
F Listen,
readandtalkabout...
. j o b s j,o b s k i l l &
s qualities
. clothesat work
. selfdefence& how to staysafe
r typesof crime
. the importance
of havingrules
)
o an articleinterviewrng
a personabouttheirjob
. a shorte-mailto yourEnglish
pen-friend
about
yourdreamjob
o an e-mailto a friendof yoursaboutsome
thingsyou regrethavingdone
. a letterof application
c an articleabouta populartouristattractionin
yourcountrywhereyou canseepeoplein
special
uniforms
r a listof Dosand Don'tson how to defend
yourself
. an essayproviding
solutions
to problems
Learnhowto ...
.
.
.
.
t a l ka b o u ta m b i t i o n s
agree/disagree
with opinions
givean eye-witness
account
express
annoyance
& calmsb down
GultureCliP:rne Ravenmaster
the rules
Following
Cut(Gitizenship):
Curricular
HYdro-Logical
Eco-triends:
77
*m '#:J
,lili
Writedownasmanyjobsasyoucanthinkof
in oneminute.
b. Readthe text and mark the sentencesY
(Yes),N (No)or DS(doesn'tsay).
b . Listento the sounds.
Whatjob doeseach
remindyouof?Arethesejobsin yourlist?
2
1 Angelastarteddivingwhenshefinishedschool.
2 Angelahaspassed
two divingexams.
a. Lookat the pictures.
Whatdoesthe person
in eachpicturedo for a living?
3 lt is importantfor Angelato earn a good
salary.
4 Angelais adventurous
anddetermined.
I thinkLaura's
a ...
5 lt helpsto haveother skillsas well as diving
skills.
b. Fillin: work,get,wear,do.Usethe phrases
to makesentences
aboutthe peoplein the
pictures.
1
2
3
4
5
6 Angelaworkson herown
7 Coralreefsare in danger.
8 We can't do muchto help protectthe coral
reefs
9 Angelaoftengetshomesick.
a gooosalary
fromhome
. longhours/shifts/weekends
a suiVauniformto theoffice
. a lot of travelling
Whataboutyourfamilymembers?
Whatdo
theydo?Usethe phrases
to talkabout
themin pairs.
Mydadworksas...Heworkslonghours,
buthedoesn't
job
mindashelikes
his a lot.What
aboutyours?
My...
10 Angelahashadno difficulties
with hergroups
so far
c. What do we learnabout coralreefsfrom
the text?
4
Completethe sentences
with words from the text.
1 You need to study to get q....
before
becoming
a doctor.
2 After unrversity,
It
. to becomea teacher.
3 Kindness and patience are necessary
q . . .. . . . . i f y o uw a n tt o b e a n u r s e .
4 T y p i n ga n d f i l i n ga r e e s s e n i i as l. . . .
Read
thetitle,theintroduction
andthe
questions
in thetext.Whatdo youexpectthe
articleto beabout?Listen,
readandcheck.
78
...fo"
secretaries
5 lt took him a whilerc a . ..
work environment
to the nev,
5
Matchthe underlined
wordsto theirsynonyms.
' frightening
. feeling. takecareof . moveon
. danger. thrownaway. get o ideal
Makenotesunderthe headings,
thentellthe
class
aboutwhatit is likebeinga diving
instructor.
Whatpartof speechis each?
. qualrfications
. personal
e pros/cons
qualities
ylWrit.n4'
{.E@w^v
6
:Listen
to someone
talkingabouthisjob.
Whydoeshe likeit? Whatnegative
points
doeshe mention?
Whatjob do youthinkhe
does?
Project:Interview
a personabouthis/herjob.
Usethe headings
your
in Ex.7 to prepare
questions.
person,
Interview
the
thenwritea
shortarticle(60-80words) abouthim/her;
similar
to theoneaboutAngela.
79
Needsto have... good computer/ organisational
skills;a good
telephone
manner;a drivinglicence
/ university
degree
good
be
...
at
forergn
languages,
lCL
maths,
music,etc;
Must
a. Matchthe wordsto form
compound
nouns.
trTt b u s
trTt b a n k
a rnStructor
b agent
FTI
web
f4fl
security
c clerk
d programmer
F- -+^
,
r q L L w ",
ry
e driver
f guard
ski
g worker
trTt travel
tr-t-t
DTI
trTt computer
workingalone/ aspartof a team;explaining
things
Shouldbe ... careful,
creative,
dedicated,
hard-working,
honest,
patient,polite,reliable
halninnnthorc roa{ing,workingwith
Must be interestedin
children/animals/etc
A teacher
needs
to havea university
degree,
andmustbe goodat
patient,
explaining
things.They
should
bededicated
and
andinterested
inhelping
others.
h desrgner
Reading
b. Choosetwo jobs from Ex.1a.
Usethesephrasesto makeas
manytrue sentences
about
eachjob as possible,
work: shiftsI from nrneto five/
sixdaysa week/ overtime
/ in an
office/ rn a factory/ from home/
with yourhands/ behinda desk/
with a computer/ outside
be:yourown boss/ self-employed
/
well-paid
/ poorly-paid
/ underpaid
/
overuuorked
/ successfu
the work is:borinQ
/ creative/
stressful
/ interesting
/ repetitive
/
challenging
/ satisfying
l'm not sLtre,
but I thinkbusdriverswork
shifts.Theyare rather poorly paid. I
guesstheirjob is boring,because
they
drivethesamerouteall day.
4
Readthe descriptions
of sixpersonality
types,Whichtype(s)
aremost/least
likeyou?Whichof thejobswouldyouliketo
do?Doesthismatchthe personality
typeyouthinkismostlike
yours?
ffi**k-t*kar;Youliketol fr*mw*ra*ildr{?a*;
You **w**&&6*kilwffi:
You're
be in charge
lrketo see
very
Youfocuson
g o a l sa n dl i k
things
throughto
to reachyour
t h ee n d
andyou
pay
solving
YouIike
attention
to detail.
Youlike
to know
how
things
t2rnat
V^r I
see
opportunities
andtake
them.You
want to be
-^-r^+^,,,
)cLrcLatyt
stockbroker,pilot,
'
-^-A;^ca)rilctI
accountant
Youliketo
Wr*#\s.wfi:
Youlike
being
get
Whataboutyou?Whatjobwould
you love/hate
to do?Why?
Icouldnever
lwouldn't
bea ...because
likeworking
shifts.
l'dprefer
tobe...
In pairs,usethe notesto talk
aboutwhatskills/qualities
each
job requires,
asin the example.
scientist,doctor,
astronomer,
detective
-,, i,_
Speaking
2
and enjoy
pro0rem
order,
work and
routrneandstructure to testoutyourrdeas.
richandsuccessful
2 tn t2anvac rl
uh ut J rt rc i n
r ca)<J < t m
r ta
CUTIOUS
things
with
0 0 n ea n O
d o n ' tl i k e
and
vvd) LLr9
working
vsvPrq
time.You
aregoo0
with your
o)PorLU
a ream
Youarea
hands
differentwaysof
d o i n gt h i s .
artist, photographer,
. teacher. architect. la\,\yer
o tourguide. librarian
. songwnter mustctan
. officeworker. vet. secretary
.and liko tn qnond
time outdoors
nnltaom2n
a2rnanfar
nnnd
l i s t e n earn dl i k e
helpingpeoplewith
theirproblems
farmer, eledrictan,
teacher,nurse,soctai
mechanic
worker
Fillin: payslip,applied,dismissed,
unemployed,
vacancy,
resign,promotion,retired.
Tomisbrilliant
at makinganysubject
(comprehend)
to smallchildren
(interest)
Beinga teacheris always
becauseeveryday is different.
Now he hasfinisheduniversity,
Leeisa .........
(qualify)architect.
1 A: Haveyou founda job yet?
B: |
. to join the army,but I
haven'theardanythingyet.
l s y . o u r b r o t h e r s t.i .l .l . . .
/.
a.
a.
:
A.
a.
fil'h
r II
.?
N o .T h e r ew a sa .
. . . . . .a. t t h e
localfactory,so he'sworkingtherenow
Haveyouheard?
JonesfromSales
was.. .. .. .
N o .H ej u s t . .
. . . .e a r l ys o h e
canspendmoretimewith hisfamily.
I can'tbelieve
I didn'tget that . .
!
job
Youshould ........
andlookforanother
How'syournewjob going,Sam?
It'sgreat.I can'twait to get my first
osor in. Checkin yourdictionaries.
l l ' d l i k et o a p p l y . . . . .t h e p o s t .
')
I h a v ew o r k e d. . . . . . a s i n g esr i n c e1 9 9 5 .
3 How longhaveyouworked
Accounts?
I
Choosethe correctword in the secondsentence
to completethe idiomsin bold,whosemeaning
is givenin the firstsentence.
Are theresimilar
idiomsin yourlanguage?
'l
Laurabelieved
theywouldaskherto leave.
Shethoughtshewouldget the bag/sack.
2 Thisfactoryoperates
alldayandall night
(a)roundthe clock/hours.
Thisfactoryoperates
3 Billstopped
workingandwent homeat 6 pm.
At 6 pm. Billcalled/named
it a day.
4 Henrywasaskedto leavehislastjob.
Henrygot fired/shotfrom hislastjob
thisapplication
form
(ompletethe sentences
with the correctword.
(heckin yourdictionaries.
Makesentences
usingthe restof the words.
'n
I haven'thada salary/wages/pay
risefor four
years.
7
Until he earns/gains/winsmore experience,
there'sno chanceof him gettinga betterjob.
3 Sarahis a teacherby job/career/profession.
A
Evewants to make herselfa(n) occupation/
career/employment
in the musicindustry.
5 Jack works for a sales business/industry/
company
thesenten
10 Complete
with the correctverb
Choose
a phrasal
verl
drawa pictureof it.
C a ny o u . . . . . . . . . .m e
(connectby phone)
please?
to Mr Smith
John'sworkingon a difficultprojectbut l'm
(complete
s u r eh e c a n. . . . . . . . . . i t
successfully)
3 Their plans for opening a new branch
d u et o lackof money.(failed)
4 Sue
a painfultime when shegot
fired.(experienced)
5 Why don't you
the localpaper
(lookat quickly)
for a vacancy?
Read
thetheory,
thencomplete
thesentences
withthecorrect
adjective
derived
fromthe
verbs
in bold.
"l
,',: cailiilm;dj6ftives
Ti6ile r6sw[6-ihel uffiles
m
'able (imagine- imaginable),
-ible (sense
- sensible),
- ''ie (impress
- impressive),
-ed (please
- pleased)and
' ng (please
- pleasing).
1 Youhaveto be ... ... . .
an artrst.
2 Samcan'tfind a
. (create)to be
(suit)job
Workin pairs.Makeup a storyincluding
the
phrasal
verbs.Theclassvotesfor the beststory.
*
Project:
Writea shorte-mailto yourEnglish
pen
friendaboutyourdreamjob.Say:whatitis,whyit's
job, howitmatchesyour
yourdream
personalitytype.
B1
Conditionals
GrammarReference
W Reoding
a. Readthejoke.Whattenses
areusedafterif?
Complete
fromthetext.
thetableusingsentences
Don'tbe late
again lf youaren't
ck by 9:00,you'll
be in trouble
lf youweren'talways
late,Iwouldn'tmindso
muchYoupromised
to
b eo nt i m e d, i d n 'yt o u ?
That'sOK;Dad- | won'tget
angryif youbreakyour
promise,
too!
Mywatchstoppedlf it
hadn'tstopped,
lwould
time
havebeenon
4
Maincrause
I
-ry,*;.!-:r91!191-1l5l1use
o i rrwn.n; p;. nf*1"ffii*i ffid;**-simple
i
Whenll{you
breuk a
I
I
:
1.!getunqry"
I
ltf
irnrill/rnrnn't
2
1
l f + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l. w
. . o. .u l d / w o u l d n ' t ( c o u l d / m i g h t )
I
hatld/matt/minh+l
i w i l l / w o n ' lte(acn /a< n
/should/may/mighV
limperative)+bareinfinitrve
" + bareinfinitive
J
t t a
l-n fi nd : hal-far inh
I d o n ' te a r ne n o u g h
money
to buya f1at.
I feeltired
'','--....",''
.'---'..-..i
I w o u l d / w o u l d n ' t+ h a v e+ n a s t n a r t i c i n l e i 3 oecause
r g0 t0 oeo
lateeverynight.
b. Whichtype refersto anunlikelysituationinthepresent?
oreol
orprobable
situation
in thepresent/futureT
animaginary
situation
contrary
tofactsin thepastTa general
truth?
2
3
I d o n ' th a v ea n yf r i e n d s ,
*,
so I feellonely.
Workin pairs.Howdo thesesentences
differin meaning?
Checkin the Grammar
Reference.
qualifications,
Iflhadmore
I could
job.
findabetter
lf hedoesthisprojectwell,he'llgetpromoted.
Unless
hedoesthisproject
wel[hewon'tgetpromoted.
projectwell,
When
hedoesthis
he'llgetpromoted.
**- Speakrng
Workingroups.
Whatwouldyoudo
i fy o u . . .
5
.
.
.
.
Complete
thesentences.
Whichtypeof conditionals
iseach
one?
(finish)
(look)
1 Whenshe.
..
school,
she
fora job.
( b e )d e t e r m i n ehde, . . . . . .
2 U n l e sTso m . .
(not/be)successful
3 lfyou
. . .( e n j o yy)o u jro b ,y o u. . . . . . . . . . . .( b e )l u c k y
(see)Mr Smith,
4 Whenyou.. ..
. ....(tell)him
to comeimmediately
82
h:ira anorrnh
^ ^t;€l^.+i^^^
\ _ . 1 U1Or T L O L I U T J
lyawrpr*rnises,
itf+
Helen
isquiteunhappy.
Read
her
thoughts,
thenrewritethesentences
thesecond
using
conditional.
T dnn't
I
-
Whenyou breakyour
promises,
I get angry.
And I promised
to
p u n i s hy o u .
5 Whenyou
. .. (mix)redandwhite,you
(get)pink
6
werePrime
Minister
fora day?
hada lotof money?o sawa mouse
gotlostinthejungle?
yourexams?
failed
Workin pairs.
Whatwouldhave
h a p p e n ei fdy o u . . .
r
.
.
.
.
ido ','r,oker
uplatethismorning?
.ad 3s-.
yourpocketmoney?
^aJ-: rcqeyourhomework?
'ec :ee' rorninanother
country?
- . r , ' , : -t 1 m i l l i o n ?
I d i d n ' t g e t t h ej o b .
I wish/I1''r:rtiyt hitd
got the job"
,i
Startwith a truestatement
aboutyourday
yesterday,
thensaywhat couldhavehappened
if youhaddonesomething
different.
5 1 ;I wokeupat Bamyesterday.
52: Whatwouldhavehappened
if youhadn'twoken
upatBam?
53;Iwouldhavemissed
theschool
bus. etc
Clauses
of purpose
E
I d i d n ' t k n o wt h a t c o m p a nw
y as
hiring newstaff, so I didn't apply .r1,,
T h ei o b I h
not,v
is very t
3
4 . Vlysalary
't'l:
5
a. Readthe examples.
. (to)-infinitive
Hecalled
tosayhe'dbelate.
. in orderto, so as to (moreformal)They
are
working
overtime
inordertomeettheirdeadline.
. so that l'llgiveyouhisnumber
sothatyoucan
callhim.
. for + noun phraseHewrotethearticlefor
money.
. with a view to + -ing Shegota degree
in
deilgnwitha viewto becoming
a stylist.
b. Jointhe sentences,
usingthe wordsin
brackets.
1 He is studyingEnglish.
He wantsto travel
(so
abroad asto)
2 Markis savinghard.Hewantsto buya car.
(sothat)
3 Thecompany
is interviewing
now.Theywant
(with
to hirenewstaff.
a viewto)
4 She got a mortgagefrom the bank.She
(inorderto)
wantsto buya house.
5 Everyone
stoppedworkingat one o'clock.
Theywantedlunch(for)
GrammarReference
a. Readthe sentences.
Whichis:awishabout
present/future?
the
a wish/regret
oboutthepast?
Whatwordsareusedto introduce
wishes?
Whattensesareusedafterthesewords?
.
.
.
.
I wishI hadapplied
forthejob
lf onlyyouweren'tworkinglatetoday.
I wishI couldbea rockstar.
lf onlyI hadwonthatsinging
contest.
b. ReadGreg'sthoughtsandwritesentences,
asin theexample.
I c a n ' th a v e
lhe careerI want.
it:':'lil
10 Workin pairs.Saytwo thingsthatyouwish
youcoulddo/be,andtwo thingsyou regret
(not)havingdone.
A: lwishI hadtakenmyfriend's
advice.
lf I hadtaken
myfriend's
advice,l
wouldn't
have...
B: lwishlweremorepatient.
lf lwasmorepatient,
myfriends
...
& Lisfenrng
11
Listento Mary.Whatdoessheregret?What
wouldhavehappened
if shehadmadea
differentchoice?
Sentence
transformations
aboutthe music
12 Herearesomesentences
industry.
Complete
the secondsentence
so
that it meansthe sameasthe first.Useno
morethanthreewords.
1 Deirdre
doesn't
earnenouqh
monev.
Deirdre
wishes
moremoney.
You needa lot of experience
to get the job.
exnerienced
vou
Unless
job.
won't get the
Melworkedall nighton the musicvideo.
Melspent
. on the musicvideo
Johnis a stylistfor a rockstar.
Johnworks
for a rockstar
SheworksMondayto Fridayfrom 9 to 5
Shehasa
..
Mondayto Friday
Portfolio:Thinkof somethingsyou regret
havingdone.Writean e-mailto a friendof
yours,explaining
the situation
andwhat
wouldhavehappened
if youhadacted
differently.
83
Gettinga job
/
Reading
a. Lookat thequestions.
Whatisthedialogue
about?Readthroughandcheck.
Clothesat work
a. Lookat the pictures.
Whowearso uniform,o
hardhot,anoveroll,o blouse,
a suit,jeons,boots,
casuolclothes
to work?Whatdo these
peopledo for a living?
b. Whatclothes
do youthinkaresuitable
to
wearfor a job interviewasa:part-timeshop
ossistant?
waiterat a cofd?
secretary?
Listening for specific information
Readthe statementsand underlinekeywords.This
will help you understandthe generalcontent of
the listening. Listen carefully.Try to listen for
synonymsor rephrasing.
2
Listening
a. Readstatements
1-5.Whatmightthe
dialogue
beabout?
b. Listenandmarkthe statements
belowasf
(true)or F(false).
Wereyourguesses
correct?
84
Howmanyhours
willyoubeworking?
Whatdo youhaveto wear?
Howmuchmoney
willyouget?
Did you meetany of the peopleyou'llbe
working
wrth?
go?
E Howdidtheinterview
b. Readagainandcomplete
the dialogue.
Compare
answers
with a partner.
Listenand
check.
A: Hi,aettytFTF-I
{ffi
)
A
B
C
D
1 Claire
hasan interview
thismorning
2 LynnthinksClaire
should
wear
a smartsuitfor herinterview
3 At first,Claire
thinksshedoesn't
haveto dressnicelyfor the interview.
4 Claire
usually
wearsa lotof make-up
5 LynnthinksClaire
maygetthejob
B : I got the job! | starton Saturdayl
' E-r_l
A . L o n g r a r u r a u olnzsl l I
B : Sixteenhoursa week,weekendsonly,and the
payis prettygood- t5 an hourplustips.
, l=-T---l
A : Yeant\ot oao. 5 | |
B : A uniform lt's a biueT-shirt,a red skirtano a
white apron They'veprovidedme with two, so I
alwayshavea cleanone to wearwhenthe other
is in the wash
> m a r t l n r n K rl n+ gl r I
B : A few Theywerereallyfriendly.
My dutieswill be
just takingcustomers'
quiteeasy,too - basically,
orders,servingfood and drinks and clearing
away.I thinkl'm gc.rg lo likeit.
i A: Goodfor ','s-
c. Whichof the sentences
belowbest
summarises
thedialogue?
. L o o k- :
':'
. a i r 3 p - : i n oa o h
' A p p] ' ^ t ' : ' : . : :
4,
Workin pairs.lmagineyou havegot a part-time
job.Usethe ideasbelowto tellyourpartnerall
aboutit, Usethe dialogue
in Ex.3 asa model.
yourpartner's
performance
b. Evaluate
in terms
of:
. accurate
. grammar
. fluency
description
workweekends/late
nights
= , .w h a tI l i k e
weara uniform/suit
: noneys great
the pay'sterrible
Swaproles.Lookat the pictureand
describe
it to yourpartner.
Yourpartner
yourperformance.
evaluates
. rful/frrendly
: -,vorkers
Agreeing/disagreeing with
opinions
lotsof duties,hard/dirtywork
Talkingaboutambitions
)
7
Speaking
a.,Listen
to somestudents
talkingabouttheir
ambitions.
Whatdoeseachpersonwant to
be?
Mary
Tom
Workin pairs.Studythetableandtheexamples.
Thendiscuss
whatyouthinkthe bestjob in the
worldis.
Don'tyou agree
that..?
. D o n ' ty o ut h i n k. . ?
. I t h i n k , d o n ' ty o u ?
| (quite)agree.
. Youarewrong (there)
That'< rinht/rnrrart
.
Helen
b. In pairs,
usethe language
boxto talkabout
yourambitions.
I think/believe
so.
Youareright(there).
I don'tagree.
. That'snot right.
. Certainly
not.
. I d o n ' tt h r n ks o .
Yes/Ofcourse
. Not really.
Exactly/Certainly.
'
r
r
.
What areyourplans
for the future?
What do you want to
be when you grow
up/leaveschool/finish
.
yourcourse/etc?
What do youwant to '
do for a living?
Whatisyouridealjob?
l'd liketo be ..
I want to become...
I hoPeto get ...
to be
I would like/love
A: I thinka teacher
hasa greatjob.Heworkswithkids
andshares
knowledge.
B: I don'treallythrnkso.Hehastospend
a lotoftime
preparing
forhislessons
ormarking
etc
essays.
I wishI couldbe ...
MYhoPeisto
8
Thinkof whatyouhavelearntin thislesson.
Closeyourbooksandtell a partner.
pictures
Describing
b
a. Workin pairs.Lookat thepicture,
Describe
it
partner.
your
to
Talkabout:
. wherethepeople
are . whattheyarewearing
. whattheyaredoing. howtheyfeel
r--^.^^^1,-ll
I LOrr )vccN ctl
languages
in the
worldbut Greek
That's
good.
say
something
in Chinese,
n Io : c o
SorrylThat's
Greekto me
B5
ffiwY%arxry
w%mw%wffi
Whatinformation
do youthinkyoushould
include
in a letterof application?
Choose
from
the list.Compare
answers
with yourpartner.
. Workexperience
. Hobbies
o Whatyouaredoingnow . Personal
qualities
. Jobtitleapplying
youwouldliketo get
for . Salary
. Howmuchyouwantthejob
. WhereAffhen
yousawit advertised
r Qualifications
. Familv
status
2
Whichof the followinggreetings
and
salutations
areappropriate
for a letterof
application?
Why?
DearSir/Madam,
Yoursfaithfully,
DearSallyBrown,
!
LOVC,
DearMr Carver,
Yourssincerely,
DearMr Davis,
Yours.
LwYrm
Ww*W^
x\ww*r
Readthe letterandcomplete
the paragraph
plan.
. age/qualifications
. reason
forwriting
. closing
remarks. experience/personality
li
DearMr Savage,
the positiot't
til::t.
'0,1I aw1writing to apply lor
pi,rt t^,e ihoP assistant at cobweb
Post
*L.otat as advertisedin The Evening
'
yesterdaY
')
student'I.am
| avn6n eighteen-year-old
-iurrently
studyingMusicot Prestoncottege'
as I worl<edin a
4.. 1 have someexperience
I am very
Jeport^rnt store last svmmer'
I believe are
liirnaty and polite, which
'nrrrttlorv
quialities f or dealing, with
and don't
friio*./t. I am alsohardworl<ing
mindworkingshifts'
the iob'
,*ruI hoaeyor,rwill considerme f or
I
i'*orti' be happyto attendan interview'
you s00r1'
lookf orword to hearingf rorn
YourssincerelY,
S*'** $*"rt{"
smith
sirnon
t"+ "s
"'"
Para1
Para2
Para3
Para4
B6
,e.
W*rwnm&
sYng&w
Workin pairs.
Whichof the following
characterise
the styleof the letterin Ex.3?
Giveexamples,
4
. personal,
chatty. polite. everyday
language
. shortforms. fullforms. formalohrasal
verbs
5
Findformalexpressions
in the letterthat
matchthe informalonesbelow.Compare
with
yourpartner.
| | want to applyfor ...
.. that I sawan ad for in
: Rightnow,l'm studying
l h r n ka b o u tm e l o r t h o
t,.". ..",-,-,.,..,--.-,,,-*,-
inh
i I can'twait to hearfrom
*
N
:
iJ9L
&{wwsw
Kwawwx
6
Portfolio:Underline
the keywordsin the rubric,
thenanswerthe questions
in the plan.Useyour
answers
to writeyourletter(100-150
words).
in IheCitizen
|[t Yousawthis advertisement
ifl newspaper
lastMonday.
Writea letterof
1l application.
Wffiffiffiffiffi
Part-timewaitressto work weekendsat
Streetscaf6.
. Someexperience
required
r- G
u vnvnud
rr :qt La sc ) n
wft n
p :ory
. Lively
personality
an asset
Apply in writing to Mr Field,POBox64
i ....e-,
--1,
_ -,;,;..,,*-,..'',,
-
-:F:,r"{,
l,Vbouill you addressyour letter to?
Introduction (Para 1)
What position are you applyingfor?
lVbere and when d,iclyou see it adtterti,sed.?
Main Body (Pan 2 & 3)
Wbat are yort doing at tbe moment?
Wat is yortr tuork experience?
lY4tat relevant personal qualities do you bave?
Conclusion (Paru 4)
Wbat are llotLr"closimgremarks?
Hou'*^il/ 1.'ousign ofJ?
*
ff
\*
*-
fi
_&'.*1r:
. .,i-
"k
V Listening&Reading
-ookat the pictures
andthetitle
.afthe text.Whatdo youthinka
'ravenmaster'
does?Readto find
out.
a. Readthetextandmatchthe
(A-E)to the gaps
sentences
(1-4).Thereisoneextra
sentence
thatyoudo not need
to use.Compare
answers
with
a partner.
Listenandcheck.
A Thebirds'wingsareclipped
so
theycan'tflyaway.
ts Thisisno easytask
C At around
5:30intheafternoon,
hefeeds
thebirdsagain.
D Thisresponsibility
fallsto the
Ravenmaster.
E The ravenseat a diet of raw
moat
hnilcd o
L yn
:, n s
and
EWKM&&&$YKK
bird
biscuits
soaked
in blood
h. Explain
thewordsin bold.
ln pairs,
askandanswer
comprehension
questions
about
the Ravenmaster
basedon the
givenin the text.
nformation
:: Where
doestheRavenmaster
work?
j: AttheTower
ofLondon.
:: Whatdoes
hedo?
]: He...etc
)
Speoking
Workin pairs.Takethe rolesof a
l'avenmaster
anda reporter.
Use
the information
in thetextto act
out an interview.
Project:
Writea shortarticleabout
a populartouristatractionin your
countrywhereyoucanseepeople
in special
uniforms.
Write:where
theplaceis,whatyoucanseethere,
whotthedutiesof thepeopleare
T
I-r
egend has it that if the ravens ever leave the Tower of
London, it will crumble and disasterwill fall upon England. It
is for this reason that there are always at least six ravens in
permanent residenceat the Tower.
Of course,someonehas to look after the ravensand make surethat
t h e ya r e f e d a n d k e p t i n g o o d h e a l t h m
.
He is one of the Yeomen Warders, also known as Beefeaters,that
work at the Tower of London, but his sole responsibilityis to care
for the birds.
In the morning, he has to get up at as early as 5 am to let the
ETI
birds out of their cages, give them water and prepare their
breakfast.
FTI
After he has cleaned out the cages,the rest of his day is spent
guarding various parts of the Tower, guiding visitors and answering
their questions. However, he also keeps a careful eye on the birds
throughout
the day.
--r-----l
r
| 4 | | At the end of the day he puts the birds to bed. He puts them
back in their cages and locks them up for the night around
9 p*.
The Ravenmaster needs to be dependable, responsible and
dedicated.After all, it's not just the welfare of the birds he has to
think about - accordingto the legend,the fate of the nation restson
his shoulders.too!
Lcad-Esn
Reading
a. You are comingbackhome from a party.lt's
late and the streetsare empty.Listento the
musicand describe
the scene.
b. Whichof the following best describes
your
thoughts?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
l'd betterhurry!
lt'sa lovelynight!
| shouldhaveaskedfor a liftl
| likeit now - so peaceful
and quiet!
What if someone
appears
from nowhere?
Are thosefootstepsI can hear?
Who'sthat behindthat column?
| shouldhavejoinedthat self-defence
class
. ' : . . " :I t ' :
2
a. Lookat thetitleof the articleandthe
followingphrases
fromthe text.Whatdo
youexpectto readabout?Discuss
in pairs.
loteot night,jumpsout,performs
fancymoves,
drivesawayunharmed,
grobsher,puttsherofi
balance,
avoidopotentialattack,usecommon
sense,
wellJitoreas,
awareofyoursurroundings,
makeyourself
a target,bestdefence,
wolkaway,
fightbaclgself-defence
closs,
escape
an
grosp
attacker's
b. Listen,
readandcheck.
-
We!|,,!hat's
how they do it in films.Unfortunate
'd,ifferent,
Whenthe girltriesto kickthe bad guy,
:r"r1-16-w
she'son thefloor defenceless,
withnowh
liille
scenario
youthr<
should
serve
to
teach
,rThis
in lilms;neverwalkaloneat night,whetheryou area manor a woman;and,mostimportanly, '
',,,::;,:,:::,
rUseyourbrainand notyourbodyto defendyourselfagainstan attacker.
Stayingsafeis allaboutnotputtingyourselfin a potentially
dangerous
situation.
Avoida potential
attackbeforeit happensby usingyourcommonsense.Thismeansdon'tgo outaloneat night,stay
areas,
makesuresomeone
always
knowswhereyouare,beawareof yoursurroundings,at
in,well:lit
,al|fimes,
wa]kwithconfidence
andcarrya mobilephonewithyouat alltimes.Basically,
donrtmake
eseapean attacker'sgi'aspand how to djsableor distracihi,.r:long
enoughfor,you!o escape.
',",'3Ask at yourlocalpollcestation,communr:V
c-.lii€ ct
5 Tryto avoidbeinga victim.Neverwalkalone.
6 He claimslrstening
to musicdoesn'ttake his
attention away from studying
7 Thereare possibleproblemswhich we need
to takecareof immediately
Readthe text again,then answerquestions
1-5.Compareanswerswith a partner.Give
reasonsfor your choices.
1 What is the writer'spurposein writing the
text?
A to describe
something
that happened
B to saywhy peopleareattacked
C to teachpeoplehow to fight
D to explainhow to defendyourself
Underline
thecorrect
word.Compare
answers
withyourpartner.
Check
inyourdictionaries.
5
1 Hetriedto grab/removeher car keys,but she
startedscreaming.
2 The prisoner tried to avoid/escapefrom
pnson.
3 We shouldn'tleavechildrenlonely/aloneat
homelateat night.
4 Whatyou saidharmed/hurtherfeelings
5 Thingsaredifficultin true/reallife.
2 What would a readerlearnaboutfrlmsfrom
the text?
A Theydon't givea realistic
message
about
selfdefence
B Theycanmakesomepeopleveryviolent.
C Theycan be a usefulway to learnabout
selfdefence.
D Youshouldn'twatchthem on yourown.
3 What doesthe writersayaboutattackers?
A They like to attack peoplewith mobile
pnones.
B Theypreferto attackconfidentpeople.
C Theyareawareof theirsurroundings.
D Theylookfor easytargets.
4 What does the writer say about physical
force?
A Youshoulduseit onlyif you areveryangry.
B Youshoulduseit as fastasyou can
C Youmustalwaysfight back.
D Youshouldlearnhow to usert beforehand.
SpeakinE
Youarea safetyinstructor.
Readthe text
again,makenotesunderthe headings,
then
givethe classa shorttalk aboutselfdefence.
6
r howto avoidanattack
. whatto do if involved
in a dangerous
situation
r whatto do if beinqattacked
ListenimE
thetipsfor stayingsafe.
f) tistenandcomplete
7
WW
5 Whichof the followingis the bestdescription
of the writer?
Replace
the words/phrases
in boldwith the
underlined
words/phrases
in the text.
The best self defenceis to make sure yoaren'tin a weak, unsafeposition
2 Luckily
the driverwas not hurt.
3 Shewas lyingon the floor.unableto protect
herself
You don't need expert knowledgein this
- just useyourpractical
judgement
situation
I
youaregoing,WHOyou
AlwayssayWHERE
youwillbe
going
are
withandWHEN
1),,.,.,,..
.........
Leavea 2) .................,,.,,,.,,,..
whereyoucanbe
contacted.
O Never
talkto 3) ............................,.
o Shoutloudly
andtryto getawayfromsomeone
if theytryto 4)
. yougo withthem,
lf youevergetlostin 5).............................,
aska
policeofficer,
a shopassistant
or a womanwith
a childfor helo.
@wri+.ng-
{
-
v
Portfolio:Usethe text in Ex.7, aswell asyour
own ideas,to prepare
a listof DosandDon'ts
yourself.
on how to defend
89
* $
$ i
$q
T
$
Therehavebeena numberof incidentsin iie toii i;entre latelyinvotving
',purse
snatchingandmuggings.Forfhis reasonMoretonPoticeare warning.
lpeopleto be carefulthisBankHolidayweekendandto watchoutfor thievesl
:and pickpockets.Police adviseshoppersespeciallyto takea few simple:
oftl9_ft,*
ylcljms
lpreggytiols
!9 eryyrelheydon'ta99oye
_
Neverleaveyourbag unattended
on the back
of shoppingtrolleysor on pushchairs.
Always make sure that your bags are
securelyfastened.
lf your bag has a strap,wear it acrossyour
body with the openingsfacinginwards,and
holdit closeto yourbody.
Never put your bag on the floor to look at
anythingon the shelvesor when trying on
clothingin changingrooms.
Only keep itemsin your bag that you need,
and leaveothervaluablesin a safe placeat
home.
& lf you do not have a bag, hold your purse/
wallet close to your body or carry it in a
concealedfrontpocket.
* Keep your cash card separatefrom your
chequebook.
& Always remain aware of what is going
aroundyou.
Report any incidents to the police straight
away and cancel any stolen bank and credit
cards immediately. lf you have any
informationabout anyone involvedin crime,
call GRIMESTOPPERS
on 0800555 111.
3
Readthe newspaper
headlines.
Whatcrimeis
eachoneabout?
4
a. Whichof the peoplein the listarelawbreakers?
Decide
in pairs.Checkin your
dictionaries.
Reading&Listening
Readthetitleandthe introduction.
Whatis
the purpose
of the text?Listen,readand
check.
b . Answerthe questions,
1
2
3
4
2
Wheredo people
sometimes
leave
theirbags?
you
your
Whatshould carryin
bag?
youcarryyourpurse/wallet?
Howshould
What shouldyou do if your valuables
are
stolen?
a. Lookat the table.Whichof thesewords
appearin thetext in Ex.1a?
erBme erEmisnaB Verb
0urgrary
burglar
burgle(sb'shouse)
mu9grng
mugger
m u gs b
robbery
ro00er
rob (a bank)
theft
thief
stealsth
kidnapping
kidnapper
k i d n a ps b
shoplifting
shoplifter
pickpocketing pickpocket
stealfrom a shop
<to:l
. thief . security
. judge
guard. pickpocket
. victim. burglarr juror. mugger. witness
. bankrobber. barrister
. detective
. offender
b. Complete
the exchanges
with wordsfrom
people
the list.Whichof the
in Ex.4a is
eachexchange
between?
attempt,verdict,
escape,
court,innocent,
break
into,caught,foundguilty,crime,sentenced,
gotawaywith,accused
weopon,
1 A: You havebeen
ch'< nrrrea
. . Do you haveanythingto say
hofnrp \/nr I ero
b. Givedefinitions
for thecriminals
in the
table.Whatarethesewordsin vour
language?
A burglar
issomeone
whoburgles
someone's
home.
90
of the
?
B : T h e. .
. . . .i.sw r o n gl!a m. . . . .
2 A : D r o py o u r
. . .. a n dp u t y o u r
hends ahnvc vngp [g2l!
to
way
Do not
. . The policeare on their
Alright!You've
me-butlalmost
. . . ... . . . . r t .
3 A: Takeyour time and
whereyousawthe
the sentences.
8 a . Usethe idiomsto complete
! ^ l l
tetl
o to takesthdown o a sldponthewrist
o to catchsomeone
red-handed
. off therecord
Checkin yourdictionaries.
Aretheresimilar
idiomsin yourlanguage?
the
on thenight
o f 3 r dJ u n e
B: I sawhim
the house
next door. He just forcedopen a window
a n dc l i m b e d
in.
Thestoredetective. ,
the girl
a ss h eh i dt h eC Dr nh e rb a g .
Usethe phrasesto completethe sentences
Thc nnliro offiror
. oresscharoes. minoroffence
. armedrobbery. crimescene. breakthe law
and addresses
of the witnesses.
The policetold him this time he would only
get ......
. . . .b u t n e x tt i m e
1 We shouldnever . .
2 Thepolicedecidednot to
....and
gavethe mana warninginstead
3 Thebankstaffhavespecral
trainingin how to
dealwith an
4 Trespassing
is a
5 Theooliceout barriers
aroundthe
public
to keepthe
andthe pressback.
he wouldn'tbe so lucky
Flllin: before,in, of, with, to, under.Checkin
your dictionaries.
Themanwascharged . . . . shoplifting
S h eh a st o a p p e a.r . . . .. . . c o u r tn e x tw e e k .
T h et h i e v ew
s e r eb r o u g h .t . . . . . . . . t. h
. .ej u d g e .
T h e ya c c u s ehde r. . . . . . . . .t h e f t .
The pickpocketwas taken to the station
handcuffs
6 Shewassentenced
.......twentyyearsin prison.
7 Themuggerwasplaced
. . arrest
|
lictonlTho nnliro:ro
Butwe'reon
on theirway.Jump
out of the windowor
the thirteenth
4 Thebankrobbers
t400,000.(escape)
........
awaywith
floor!
t h e y ' l.l
- areyou?
I'm not superstitious
Speaking
In pairs,
talkabouthowyoucanavoiddanger
whenout with yourfriends
at night.Usethe
ideasto helpyou.
o Takecareonpublictranspotto Staywitha group
offriendso Don'tusea cashmachine
unless
o Walkin well-litareas. Don'taccept
necessaty
o Keepyourbagfastened
ffisfromstrangers
o Share
a taxiwithfriendso Don'twalkandtalkon
yourmobile
9
awaytourists.
3 Tanya
has ............ . awayfromhomethree
times.(left)
. . the names
b. Complete
thejokewith the correct
idiom
frornEx.8a,
Complete
the sentences
with the correctverb
form.
&w&ww &MW
2 Criminals
deserve
to havetheirfreedom
away from them (removed)
f/v,,!s
Tom agreedto tell the policeeverything
as
longasit was
1
2
3
4
5
1 Crimein the cityis . . .. ..
(deterring)
| ,r
s;Wri*ltq
{-
'-'@@^*v
Portfolio:lmagineyouarea teacheraboutto
takeyourstudentson an educational
trip to
London.
Prepare
a leafletexplaining
whatthey
haveto/mustn'tdo to besafeon the streets.
91
--';..
Thepassive
r l,r'
( l r ammarRefer
Lookat the
sentences
below.Which
sentence
emphasises
what happened
to a
subject,
rather
thanwhata subject
did?
subject
verb
James installed
object
a smokealarmyesterday
subject
verb
agent
A smokealarm wasinstalled by Jamesyesterday
W Speaking
2
James
wantsto makehishousesafe.Readhis
notesbelow.Then,in pairs,
askandanswer
questions
usingthe passive,
asin the example.
Todo List
Putup lighJenceoroundgarden
Jencingcomingnext weeK
otorm
insta[tburgl'or
/ beinginstalLedtodag
windows
Jit tockson doorsond
/ fitted gesterdag
light
instotlsecuritY
willdo tomorrow
Jit smokeotorms
/ did this morning
A: Hasa highfence
putuparound
been
thegarden?
B: No.Thefencewillbe
putupnextweek.
4
Usewith or by to completethe following
sentences,
with + instrumenVmaterial/ingredient
I Thewindow
wascutwitha specialtool.
house
wasburgled
byaprofessional.
1 by + agent Tim's
1 T h e b u r g l a ra l a r mw a s i n s t a l l e d. . . ..
a
security
firm.
A hinh-torh<orrrrity
2 Hishomeis fitted
system
3 The housewas painted
graffitipaint.
specialantr-
4 The burglarwas caughtred-handed
the police.
5 The childwas pulledout througha window
the firefighters
k Reading
of the passive
5 a . Readandfindan example
voice.Thenputthe underlined
sentences
passive.
intothe
ffim.{{e&{'&ru
e ; fa r o u n d
y0Ll
According
to a reportouttoday,the UK hasmore
closedcircuittelevision
camerasthan any other
country.
Thismeansthat,in someareas,thereis a
goodchance
you'llbe caughton cameraabout10
timesa day.
ThereportclaimsthatCCTVcameras
in public
placesprotectpeopleandprevent
crime,as they
helpidentify
andcatchcriminals.
lt alsoclaimsthat
u *4ii
arll:
-tlllit-
ffiW
=:4:EF-E
,---- -<;:+-;a--.--S:4Fz-FS's':-:-r:
'%zb1Z,-@Zzryz-z.zzZz.
Zz2z4zs,Zz/2,/2/azbarzz:/zrZ/
senfence| ustizgrthe pastre where possrb/e.
93
The passive "@'-
4
GrammarReference
Lookat the
sentences
below.Which
sentence
emphasises
whathappened
to a
subject,
rather
thanwhata subject
did?
;: with + instrumenVmaterial/ingredient
1 Thewindowwascutwitha specialtool.
; by + agent.Ti"ms-housewasburgledby_aprofessiona
."
1 T h e b u r g l a ra l a r mw a s i n s t a l l e .d. . . . . . . .a.
securityfirm
: hinh-torftseclrity
2 HiShgmsi5fitto.l
sysrem.
The housewas painted
graffitipaint.
a smokealarmyesterday
vero
A smokealarm was installed by Jamesyesterday
James
wantsto makehishouse
safe.Read
his
notesbelow,
Then,in pairs,
askandanswer
questions
using
thepassive,
asintheexample.
Todo List
around garden
Put up l'tighJence
weeK
fencing coming next
instot[burgl'orolorm
/ being installed todag
and windows
'/fit lockson doors
fitted gesterdag
specialanti-
The burglarwas caughtred-handed
..
the police.
5 The childwas pulledout througha window
the firefighters.
W Speaking
2
Usewith or by to completethe following
sentences.
W Reoding
5
,.
a. Readandfindan example
of the passive
voice.Thenput the underlined
sentences
intothe passive.
ili
ii
ffiwnffiffiil&%
a l la r o u n d
}/OLI
According
to a reportouttoday,the UK hasmore
closedcircuittelevision
camerasthan any other
country.
Thismeansthat,in someareas,thereis a
goodchanceyou'llbe caughton cameraabout10
timesa day.
ThereportclaimsthatCCTVcameras
A: Hasa highfence
putuparound
in public
been
thegarden?
places
protect
people
prevent
and
crime,as they
B: No.Thefencewillbeputupnextweek.
helpidentify
andcatchcriminals.
lt alsoclaimsthat
In pairs,expand
theseheadlines
intofull
research
hasshownthatputting
CCTVin carparks
3
sentences
usingthe correctpassive
tense.
has reducedcar crimeand vandalism,
and that
morecamerason the streetsmayhelpto reduce
i
CCTVCAMERAS
TO BE
streetcrime.
TNSTALLED
tNMORT
U.TO:*
Opponents
of CCTV,however,claimthat the
, ,,_
cameras
are
an
invasion
of privacyanda threatto
'
BURGLARIES
30
personal
WITH
freedom,
Government
2 MANCHARGED
officials
denythis
andsaythatthecameras
offerpeoplea feelingof
security,
andthatonlythosepeople
whoaredoing
SURVEY
SHOWS
3
ONLYI tN 3
something
wrongneedto worry.
HOUSES
HAVE
SMOKEALARMS
4 "'$#r?rYor%#tJ""
5
92
'$?ffi,'B??iT$3X..
b. Readagain.Whatarethe pros/cons
of
havingCCTV
cameras
installed,
according
to the report?
4 He was caughtwith the stolenjewellery.
The
Causative
form
nnliro :rroctad him
GrammarReference
6
5 No witnesscame forward The policecould
Readthe sentences.
Whichonesuggests
that
someone
elsedoessomething
for us?
nnt nro<< rh:rno<
Every/each/either/neither''@
GrammarReference
Fillin:every,eoch,eitheror neither.
Checkin
the Grammar
Reference.
9
o o h v c a ro r h v h r r 5- I d o n ' t
1 W e c a n. . . . .
m i n dw h i c h .
2 . . . . . . . . .o. f t h e w i t n e s s essa i dt h e s a m et h i n o .
Ben is installing
a burglaralarm.
7
4 Timusesa security
firmto guardhisoffice.
5 A thief hasstolenBrian's
car
Clauses
of result
GrammarReference
t,l
. Completethe gapswith so or such.Check
in the GrammarReference.
8 a
1 T h et h i e fw a s . . . .q u i c kt h a t n o o n es a wh i m .
2 Thereis
a lot of crimein thisareathat
we arethinkingof movrng.
IE
ry
ffi
]e
te
ln
llls
t-,,tjl
'tr'g
be chargedor set free.
5
Changethe sentencesinto the causativeform.
1 I am goingto insuremy valuables
2 A locksmith
changes
Maggie's
locksregularly.
3 A handwriting
expertwill checkthe document
for the oolice
e
)n'
a
3 ..... . . town hasa oolicestation.
4 The man demandedthat he shoulo
2 Benis havinga burglar
alarminstalled.
3 My brotheris
. naughtythat he gets
i n t ot r o u b l ea l lt h e t i m e .
4 Therehavebeen..... . . manyburglaries
in our
area lately that we have bought a burglar
alarm.
'^5 r+
rL "
vvo)
b
..
- -^r -+^-"
I
) L U t y that
we criedin the enc
He was driving
. . fast that he didn't
manageto stopin time
.., d )du
b . Link the sentencesusingAsa result,Therefore,
Consequently,For this/thatreason.
CCTVcamerashavebeen installedin the city
centre.Theamountof streetcrrmehasreducec,
More houseshavesmokealarmsthesedays
Manyliveshavebeensaved.
Prisons
areovercrowded
Criminals
areserving
j
a
i
l
.
l e s st i m ei n
. .......of the two suspects
admittedto the
cflme.
Sentence
transformations
10
Foreachquestion,completethe second
sentenceso that it meansthe sameas the first.
Useno morethan three words.
1 The policearrested
the burglarand took him
to the station
T h eb u r g l a r. . . .
. a n dt a k e n
to the station
2 The securityfirm fitted a burglaralarm at
Paul's
house
P a u .l . . . . . .
. a l a r mf i t t e da t h i sh o u s eb v
securityfrrm
3 l a ni n s u r e hd i sv a l u a b l ef os r f 1 m i l l i o n
l a nh a d
forf 1 million
4 Burglarsbroke into Mark'shousewhrle he
was awayfor the weekend.
M a r k ' hs o u s e. . . . . . .
. . . . . .w
. . n i l eh ew a s
awayfor the weekend.
5 Lynnhada security
systeminstalled
in herhome
A securitysystem
Lynn'shome
youhave
structures
11 Thinkof thegrammar
Iearnt
inthislesson.
Makesentences
using
them.Tella partner.
pgWrihng
Portfolio:Lookin English
newspapers
andfind
fiveheadlines.
Writethe headlines
out asfull
sentences,
usingthe passive
wherepossible.
93
Givingan eye-witness
account
)
Reoding
Tryto put the pictures
in the
How
orderthe eventshappened.
aretheyrelatedto the dialogue
below?Readthe firstexchange
andcheck.
the
Readthedialogue
andchoose
(a-e)tocomplete
correctresponse
eachgap.Listen
andcheck.
A: Hello,sir l'm SergeantSmith.
Please
tell mewhat happened.
E]-r
Wherewereyou?
E-]---t
l z l I
Canyou describe
what
happened
?
The red Ford car was at the
junction,and just as it pulled
out, the greenlbizacameout of
nowhereveryfast and they ran
into eachother
I see So you would say the
secondvehiclewas travelling
at
h i g hs p e e d ?
R l-il--l
t - t l
A: OK. Can I take your nameand
addroqq
B:
m
nloa<o7
A : Wouldyou agreeto be calledas
a witnessat a laterdate?
) Speoking
Portfolio:Workin pairs.lmaginethe driverof the redcaris
givinghis/herstatement
to the policeofficer.Takerolesand
in Ex.2 asa model.
actout the dialogue.
Usethe dialogue
yourselves.
Record
English
7 Everyday
Expressing
annoyance& calmingsomeone
down
Readthe example,
thenusethe pointsbelowandthe
language
in pairs.
in thetableto actout similar
exchanges
your
Youcanuse
own ideas.
.
.
.
.
Theamountof trafficontheroads
People
whodrivetoo close
goingoff at night
Caralarms
Drivers
whoplavmusic
soloudit'sdeafeninq
a Yes,of course.
b I was walkingmy dog on Old
Road
c Well.Therewas a ternbleroad
---;,.I^^+
dcLroenr,
a5you Ldnsee
d Definitely!
At least50 milesan
hour.
e Yes.lt's KarlPrice,9 BullLane,
Princeton
Wereyourguesses
in Ex.1
correct?
94
l'm sickandtiredof
l ' m f e du pw i t h . . .
I won't tolerate anymore
l'vehadenoughof
. C a l md o w n .
. Takeit easy
. Relax
. Simmerdown
l'm absolutely
furiousabout .. e Keepyourhairon.
r Don'tget so workedup
I'vehadit with ..
A: l'msick
andtuedoftheamount
oftraffic
ontheroads.
Calm
B:
down.
Warningothers
)
7
Speoking
Usethe usefullanguage
in thetableto actout
exchanges
likethe example
below.
sentences
belowanddecide
if eachsentence
is
corrector incorrect.
lf it iscorrect,put a tick(f)
in the boxunderA for YES.lf it isnot correct.
puta tick(z) in the boxunderB for NO.
A: Don'tparkthere.You'll
geta ticket.
B: Yes,
you'reright.
I suppose
A
o
I
a
I
o
I
Don't(+ infinitive)
lf I wereyou, I would/
wouldn't...
It'snot a good ideato
It'sa bad ideato
LookA//atch
out for ..
1 Robis decorating
the wallwith ink
2 Staceylikesgraffiti.
3 Robenjoysdrawinggraffiti.
. You'reright.
. I guessso.
. G o o dt h i n k i n g .
. That'strue.
4 Staceyisworriedthat Robmight
g e tp u n i s h e d .
5 Robhasthoughtaboutthe
damagehe is causing.
6 TheHeadmaster
doesnot think
vandalism
isa serious
issue.
join
7 Robmay
a new club.
o Yes I srnnosevorr're
right.
R o r e r o f r r l /\ rnrnv f I tr n
\
v/
1 try to stopa burglarby yourself
/ mayget hurt
2 when you crossthe road/ get knockeddown
3 be out alonelateat night/ it isdangerous
4 leaveyourcarunlocked
/ get stolen
5 exceed
the speedlimit/ paya fine
u
8
Listening
a. Whatnumberdo youcallin yourcountry
whenyou needthe emergency
services?
ln
what circumstances
wouldyoucallthem?
b. Listenandtick(/) the expressions
you hear.
Whatemergency
isthe callerreporting?
a
a
a
a
a
a
)
Please
comequickly.
Are you or anyoneelsein any
i m m e d i a tdea n g e r ?
Thankyou for yourhelp,Officer.
A patrolcar is on its way to you now
H e l ph, e l p !
Please
statethe natureofthe
emer9ency.
Emergency
services.
Whichservice
do you require?
Please
stateyour nameand address
clearly.
T I
T tr
tr T
I I
tr
tr
tr
T
T
T
Debating
Reportingan emergency
)
B
Lookat the pictures,
the headlines
andthe
posteranddiscuss
the followingin pairs.Talk
about:
. whetheror notgraffitiisdesirable
or attractive
Inanyway
howthecommunity
canworktogether
to stop
vandalism
howyoungpeople
canspend
theirtimemore
effectively
T
T
T
T
T
I
tr
tr
Speoking
c. Workin pairs.Youhavewitnessed
a road
accident.
Usethe phrases
in Ex.6b,aswell
asyourown ideas,to reportit to the
emergency
services.
comeandjoin us on
Fridays,
7 - 11
scHoot
s
COUNTCOST
OFVANDAIS
etl{
Crlmecaffiera$
vnff$s]isrffi
sctrrffnl
A: Ithinkgraffitiis
awful.
Although
it canbecolourful
generally
andartistic,lthinkit
is
a badthing.
Yes,
I agreewithyou.lt isa crimeforyoungpeople
todoit - it makes
ourneighbourhood
lookreally
ugly. etc
95
ffiwb*lng r'f,mr?.w&
You'vereadthe followingin a
localmagazine.
Whatsolutions
it in
canyousuggest?
Discuss
pairs.
{' ;;:; ;,;"
;;;;;;;;:
;;;;;;;;;;; 7
innauv
ift ilil$X$t*lW'iivnnu't
moreteensthaneverbefore
; p" Nowadays
eitherbullvor are bulliedat school.Bullies
t hurt their victims in different ways
psychologically
andverbally.
lt can
i physically,
i happento anyoneand may be as a resultof
socialstanding
manythings,
suchas appearance,
groups.
Whatcanwe do,then,to
or evenfriendship
placeforyoungpeople?
makeschoola saferandhappier
"u
p.
itwouldbea goodideato talkto
first,ifyouarea victimof bullying,
:
-0":.'.?.0.':.':.'.0..r^'.'.'.:::.':..
". ". .....# I an adultyou can trust.Withtheirhelp,you can avoiddangerous
- voudo nothaveto sufieralone.
*wKrw
&*wW
x&wwwr
Remember
: situations.
possible
in the
iFlt wouldalsohelpif youspentas muchtimeas
Which
a.
Read
the
article.
2
companyof friends.By doing this, you avoid givingthe bully the
paragraph(s):
statethe
to pickonyou.Youhavea fargreater
chance
of beingable
: opportunity
probIem7summarisethewritels
ifyouarewitha groupof people.
to ignoreorstandupto bullies
containthewrite*
opinion?
p.Another suggestionis to join your school'santiviolence
results/
suggestions
ondpossible
you couldstartone in your
if one exists.Alternatively,
: programme,
consequences?
, schoolto combatthe problem.In thisway,you willbe ableto helpnot
inwith
victims
Pleasewrite
ofbullying.
yoursuggestions
onhowtoavoid
b. Wereanyof yourideasin Ex.1
mentioned
in the article?
3
in
Underline
thetopicsentences
Can
the mainbodyparagraphs,
yousuggestalternative
ones?
whomaybeina similar
situation.
onlyyourself,
butothers
p.tnere aremanywaysto puta stopto bullying.
lt shouldnot be
underanycircumstances.
Speakoutandmakeourschools
! tolerated
Ymxxw
Kqxwm
a. Readthe rubricandunderline
the keywords.
4
a. Readthetable.Whichof
hasthe writer
thesephrases
usedin hisarticle?
. A usefulsuggestron
wouldbe . .
o Anothersuggestion/way
to . .
is/wouldbe to
o lt wouldbe a goodideato . .
. lt wouldhelpif you/we...etc
. Thiswould/could
... . Inthisway,.
. lf .. , then... . Asa result,
... . By
would
doingthis,we/youletc
b. Choose
anyof yourideasin
Ex.1.Writea topicsentence.
Thenwritesupporting
sentences.
Usethe language
inEx.4a.
96
pageinyourlocal
Youseethefollowing
to theEditor
ontheLetters
'Local
in
intoandvandalised
arebeingbroken
i newspaper. schools
ii theevenings
gangs
youths.
What
can
we
weekends
of
andat
by
doto stopthisfromhappening?
Writeinwithyoursuggestions.'
belowandwrite
b. Workin pairs,Usethreeof the solutions
Then
a topicsentence
for eachmainbodyparagraph.
decide
andconsequences.
on theirresults
. regular
patrols
cameras
" CCTV
. facilities
centres
forteensto spendtheirfreettmee.g.youth
o punishment
to fit crimee.g.repairthedamage
in Ex.5bto write
c. Portfolio:Usethe planandyouranswers
yourarticle.
article.
Swappapers
andcheckyourpartner's
Introduction
(Para 7)
Wat is tbe problem?
Main Body
(Paras2-4) What cn"eyour suggestions/possible
reswlts?
Conclusion
(Vara 5)
your opinion?
Hott,tt:ouldyou sunxmarise
FG ffibv$ruffi
ffie#ffiffi
Yfr.#ffi
t;
.€
ffi8tr4S
#@
tr$ffis
,'/henpeopleare playinga game,they needto
'cllowthe rules.lf theydon't,the gamebecomes
disorganised
andunfair,
andit stopsbeingfun.lf a
s,udentignoresa ruleagainsttalkingin class,the
otherstudents
Drivers
whodon't
can'tconcentrate.
'cllowtrafficlawscancauseserious
accidents.
l'lostthingswe do are governed
by rules.These
'rules'
Tay be unwritten,
like the
of social
coliteness,
or officiallawspassedby parliament
andbackedup by the legalsystem.Punishment
'0r breakingthe rule may vary from being
criticised
to beingput in prison.
- to
Butall rulesandlawshavethe samepurpose
nake it clearwhatmostpeopleagreeis rightor
rrrong,
andwhathappens
if someone
breaksthe
rule.Theyaredesigned
to ensurefairness,
safety
andrespectfor otherpeople'srights,and in this
they help us work,play and live together
"ray
:eacefully.
''l
7.
lf therewereno rulesandeveryone
wasfreeto do
whatever
theywanted,
mostpeoplewouldprobably
behaveselfishly.We needrulesto helpus get
alongtogether
andshowrespectfor eachother.
Havingrules doesn'tstop people
them.Wewillalwaysneed
breaking
policemen
referees
andpenalties,
But
most
and orisons.
of us are
basicallyhonest,and knowingthe
rulesmeansthatwe usually
tryto
followthem.One reasonwe
do this is to avoid
punishment, but the
strongestargumentfor
followingthe rules is,
quitesimply,
thatit makes
the worlda betterolace
forallof us.
Thinkof yourself
Whatrulesdo
at home/school.
youhaveto followin eachplace?
Whomakes
the rules?
Whathappens
if youbreaka rule?
1 A: lwouldbeannoyed,
thepointistosee
because
whoisthebestplayer,
andcheating
spoils
the
game.
B: I agree.lwould
and
teilthemtofollowtherules;
if theydidn'tlwouldprabably
stopplaying.
it'sagatnst
C: Yes,
therulesto cheat.
3
of these
ln pairs,try to explain
the meaning
your
expressions.
Use
to helpyou.
dictionary
. asa rule . thegolden
rule
. above
thelaw. thelawof thejungle
. to takethelawintovourownhands
ffi
W
M
&ffi
ffi@ffi
FWg
ffi@
W
Y Reading&Listening
4
Whydo we needrules,andwhat
wouldhappenif we didn'thavethem?
Discuss
it in groups,
thenlistento and
quickly
readthe text
to seeif it agrees
with the pointsyou mentioned.
5
Readthe text againand decideif eachsentence
below is f (true)or F (false),accordingto what
the text says.Thenexplainthe words in bold.
lmagine
the following
situations.
Howwould
youfeel,andwhy?Whatwouldyoudo?
Discuss
in groups.
1 You'replaying
a game,andoneof the other
prayers
Keeps
cneailng.
2 You're
waitingyourturn,
standing
in a queue,
pushes
whensomeone
in frontof you
3 Youseesomeone
ridingawayon yournew
bike
4 Thepedestrian
lightis green,you crossthe
the red
road,and a driverwho hasignored
l i g h tn e a dhy i t sy o u .
5 Someone
startsshouting
at youandpushing
you because
you havea different
skincolour/
religion/etc.
&ffi
1 A gameisn'tfun if players
breakthe rules.. .
2 Therearerulesaboutmostthingswe do.
3 Anyonewho breaks
a rulemaygo to prison... .
4 Therearedifferentkindsof rulesand laws,
but theyall havesomething
in common
5 R u l e ds o n ' tm e n t i o np u n i s h m e n t .
6
Rulesand lawsaremadeto rmprove
o u rl i v e s .
7 Rulesstoppeoplebehaving
selfishly.
8 Goodlawsmakepunishment
unnecessary.
people
9 Most
try to followthe rules
10 Themainreason
we shouldfollowthe
rulesisto avoidbeinoounished.
W Projeet
Workin groups.
Decide
on a setof rulesfor your
English
class,
thenwritea document
to be
displayed
on theclass
noticeboard.Explain:
. whatyouwanttherules
(e.g.teach
to achieve
respectfor
others,
encourage
learntng
habits,
etc)
. whatstudents
(andteacher)
musVmustn't
do
o whathaooens
if a ruleisbroken
97
" , :l
i:Stiitr
Vocabulary
& Grammar
10 Sheisa teacherby
A job
career
Fillin the gapswith the correctword.
(10marks)
her feelingswith your
1 You've
Useof English
impolitecomments.
Hewasfound.
of murder
As he wasawayfrom homefor overa year,he
got very .. . .
We should
. .....aftercoralreefs.
-handed
T h ep o l i c ec a u g h t h e m. . . .. . . . .
Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it means
the sameas the first. Useno morethan four
words.
1 George
isa presenter
on a cable
TVchannel.
Georgeworks
... . on a cableTV
c n a nn e l .
I shouldhaveappliedfor the post.
I wish|
. for the post.
Thepolicecaughtthe bankrobberandarrested
Useyour
will you?
sense,
T h ep o l i c e
w i l l . . . . . . . . . . . .c. .h. a
. r g easg a i n sht i m
Breaking
someone's
window is a . . .
offence
..
9 Hedoesn'twork for anyoneHe'sself1 0 My fatherworks very
. hours We
him
Thebankrobber
don't seemuchof hinr
hv tho
(10marks)
. and arrested
nnlira
Theyfittedan alarmsystemin our house.
Our house
.. . with an alarmsystem
Patinsuredhercarfor $15.000.
P a th a d
. . . . . . . . . . . . ............f .o r $ 15 . 0 0 0
Circlethe correctitem,
1 . . . .. of the suspects
admittedto the burglary
A Either
B Any
C Neither
A risk
C profession
(10marks)
Fillin the correctword derivedfrom the word
in bold.
B jeopardy C shift
3 They caught t h e b u r g l a ra n d p l a c e dh i m
Vnt t harro tn
3 f l'€sI;
A before
B with
: f:chinn
C under
ha
Pennywas really
It takesa long time to ........ to a new work
envtronment.
A organise B adapt
C succeed
rrarrr
to become
CREATE
docinnor
. . . t h a t J a n ec a m et o
nerpany
3 Thefilmwas not
PLEASE
. for youngchildren.
SUIT
4 J a m e sp a s s e hd i se x a m sa n d i s n o w a . . . . . . . . . . . .
rawyer
The muggerwas takento the policestation
handcuffs.
A i n
B o f
C t o
5 Y o uc a nt r u s tP e t eh; e i sa v e r y. . . . . . . . . . .b. .o.y .
Attackers
lookfor peoplewho are.........
A common B vulnerableC unharmed
Don'tsaythat! Youmight.
A hurt
B ache
(10marks)
Communication
.... herfeelings
C
harm
Thereare a lot of ways to avoid a(n)
attack
A alone
B unharmedC potential
Theattackertriedto ..........
hercarkeys.
A grab
B remove C harm
98
SENSE
Complete
theexchanges.
5
a
G o o dt h i n k i n g
b I don'tagree.
c What areyourfutureplans?
d
How manyhourswillyou be working?
e
I wouldloveto be an actor
,4
Reading
A:
B : I want to becomea doctor.
A : lf I were you, I wouldn't leavethe car
unlocked.
B:
youto ... ffi "
Read
thejobadverts.
Whichjobrequires
:
1 work differenthourseachweek?
years'experience?
2 haveseveral
i
W
t
$*
S
3 travela lot?
4 work someweekends?
B : Sixteenhoursa week.
get paidtoo muchmoney
I thinkteachers
t:..::jj..]'tl:..aa::.*.,:
5 havetheabilityto communicate
B:
ffi
with others?
A : What do youwant to do whenyou grow up?
B:
W
JOB OPPORTUNITIES ffi
(10morks)
TVchannel
in Central
Londonneedsa newmember .W
ofstaff'Yourresponsibi|itieswil|inc|udeanswerin
Listening
Youwill heartwo friendstalkingabout
whatjobstheywant to do. Matchthe person
(1-5)to the profession/career
(A-F).
1 Susie
2 Paul
3 Lily
4 Carol
5 Matthew
ff-]
m
Songwriter
Teacher
the phone,meetingand greetingclientsand helping
whoeveris in need.You must have a friendly
personality
and excellent
communication
skills.The
workwillinvolve
somelatenightsandweekend
work.
- trainingwill be given.
No experience
necessary
Please
callTimon 0207893311
foran interview.
StartingSalary:f12,000
lcTl vet
DTI or
ETI rlorist
FTI Lawyer
(10marks)
Writing
Thisis an advertisement
for a job in your local
newspaper.
€-ffiMNT-ffiffii$r
Dedicated& hard-working
teenager(16+)
for well-paid shift work at a summer
adventurecamp.
Must be able to work both aloneor as oart
of a team,havegood communication
skills
and enjoyhelpingothers.
lf you are interested,apply in writing to
DerekGreen,Fun Camps,100 Park Lane,
BrightonBH12AE
An excitingposition
has openedup in our design
department.
Wearelooking
fora recentgraduate
with
a degreeingraphic
Thejobis challenging
design.
and
youneedto be verycreative.
Youwillworkshifts;one
week9-5;thesecond
week1'l-7.
Formoreinformation
call0141
5558675
Salary:f12perhour
journalist
Qualified
neededto work on a travel
magazine.
Theidealcandidate
shouldhaveat least3
yearsexperience
Youwillbe sent
andlovetravelling.
on assignments
all aroundthe worldandbe writing
articles
andtravelguides.
Please
e-mailyourCVanda
sample
of yourworkto radiantnet@peepo.com
Salaryis negotiable
(20morks)
(Total= 100marks)
| d,an..
.
Novq/
a
a
Writea letterapplyingfor thejob. Makesure
youinclude
anyexperience
andskillsyou
(100
have,
120words)
(20marks)
a
a
a
jobsandsafety
talkandwriteaboutpeople's
express
mywishes
andregrets
writea letterof application
givean eye-wrtness
account
providing
writeanessay
solutions
to problems
*.,.$$$ry$.$$r
.::::::.::.:...::.::::..:::.:::.:::.:...:.:::...
11:1i'6tttt'iil
::,,rall]]]|iil
tiiliiiulllll'l
WWW *mrywmm\
e maytake it for granted,butwateris the mostimportant
resourceon Earth.lt coversB0%of the Earth'ssurfaceand
it'sthe onlysubstance
thatcan be foundnaturally
in three
forms:solid,liquidandgas.Wateralsomakesup 66%of thehuman
bodyandwithoutit we can'tlivefor morethana week.
rr-:iaS*
''.!lW:
Althoughwateris the mostcornmonsubstanceon Earth,we should
useit carefully
becauseonly1%is drinkable
and 1/3of allthepeoplein
theworldcan'tget enoughcleanwater.Today,we use3 timesmorewater
thanin 1950,andpeoplein richcountries
use10timesmorethanthosein poor
ones. So where does it all go? Well,a singledripping tap can waste up to 7,600
litresof water in ayear and a leaking toiletcan waste about 260 litresin a day.
At home,we can help by fixing brokentaps and toilets.Havingshowersinstead
of bathscould save about 300 litresof watera week.We should also avoid
using chemicals that pollutethe watersupply,becausewe can't
'""'"T;;nt:?rfffi"Jffil*"'"'
inthe
worrd
wecan
onrv
2%icecaps
andglaciers
W Reoding & Listening
b. Explain
thewordsin bold.
a. Lookat the titleandthe pictures.
Whatdo
youthinkthearticle
isabout?
W Speaking
b. In pairs,thinkof fivethingswe usewater
for.Listenandreadthetext.Doesit mention
anyof yourideas?
2
a. Readthetextagainandmarkthe
statements
I (true)or F (false).
1
2
3
4
5
100
66okof the Earth's
waterisdrinkable
Humans
canlrveforseven
dayswithoutwater.
Peonle
rrse'1/3 of thewateron Earth
Having
bathsinstead
of showers
wastes
water.
Wecan'tincrease
thewatersupply
yourbookandtellyourpartner
Close
two
waysto savewater.
A
+
Thinkof tenwordsyouhavelearntin thistext,
In pairs,makesentences
usingthem,
W Froject
Howmuchdo youknowaboutwater?Workin
groups.
Collect
information
aboutwateLthen
prepare
a quizfor yourclassmates.
U n i t s9 - 1 0
Practise
...
)
youstart
Before
.
film?CD?Talkabout
What'syourfavourite:
tnem
o How canyou protectyourselffrom posstble
.
o
.
.
.
.
modals(may,must,could)
makingassumptions/deductions
(to-)infinitive,-ing form
idiomsrelatedto weather,ball
phrasalverbswith up,on
word formationof compoundnouns
attackers?
W r ite/Make...
)
Lookat Module5
Findthe pagenumbers
for pictures1-5
)
for
F i n dt h e u n i ta n dp a g enumber(s)
.
'
.
)
r
r
r
Listen,
readandtalkabout.,.
.
.
.
.
.
)
ne\^/qnanerheadlines
a gym floorplan
a questionnaire
a n i m a l&
s a n i m asl o u n d s
the weather& extremeweatherconditions
food/drinks
& cookingmethods
sports& sportsplaces
bodyimage
Learnhowto ...
.
o
o
.
.
talkaboutthe weather
probabilityipossibility
express
descrihe
nictrrres
askfor & givedirections
avoiddirectanswers
.
.
.
a shortfactfileaboutan insectof your choice
an e-mailabouta naturaldrsaster
or weathera shorttext abouta seasonal
relatedfestival
. an informale-mailinvitation
o an articleabouta winterevent
. a festivalfood calendar
. an e-mailto yourpenfrrend
givingadvice
abouthow to improvetheirbodyimage
. a surveyreport
. a Didyouknow?articleaboutthe humanheart
muscles
GultureCliP:lce Art Alaska
Muscles
Gut(BiologY):
Curricular
Sourcesof energY
Eco-triends:
101
4*;:
l\a.tul r
. ,r:,t..,ata',
'w.
KillerBees
NorthandSouthAmerica,
but originallythey came
from southernAfrica.They are
, q *
calledkilierbeesbecausethey
attackanyonewho comesnear
theirhive,andover1,000people
havediedthisway in the last50
years.They becomeangry easily
and are not scaredof peopleThey \
canevenchasetheirvictimsfor up to
"{ ''--j.
half a mile. They only sting once
Female
beesdie afterstinging,
but during
an attackhundreds
andthousands
of beesstinq
aTonce
T
Locusts
Locustscan be up to 15 cm long and travel
aloneor in groups When the population
grows.they becomemoresocialand fly long
distances
to differentcountries.
Theycantravel200 km a
day to find food. Swarmsdevelopwhen the locusts
crowdtogetherin largenumbers.
Whenheavyrainsare
followedby a drought,locustsswarmto find food and
becomeaggressive.
A swarmof locusts
caneatasmuch
foodas2,500hungrypeople!
seacurrents
andstronowindsoush
the jellyfish.
to shore They usually
disappear
whenthe weatherchanges
peopleshouldavoid
again However,
touchingthem,turningthem over
or playing
with them,because
their
strng is dangerousfor anyone
allerqic
to them.Themoonjellyfish
is the UK'smost commonspecies
andtheygrowup to 40cmin size.
Crickets
Cricket swarms are nor
uncommon,
because
whenthey
travelin largegroupstheyhavea
bettersurvivaN
rate About50 percentof themdrewhen
they split up comparedto when they don't HoweveL
swarmscanbe a nuisance,
especially
for farmers;
because
theydamage
theircrops.Manycrickets
arenocturnaland
they make a chirprngnoiseby rubbinEtheir wings
together.However,
the colderit gets,the slowercrickets
chirp
Flies
Whenthe weatherstartsto'warmup,people
usuallystart to see flies around However,
milderweatherdueto climatechanqehasled
to an explosion
in the fly population
years.
in recent
Flies
Jellyfish
transmitaround40 serious
diseases
and carrythe main
It is quitecommonto seemassive
swarmsof
typesof food poisoninggerms.Flies
oftenswarmbefore
jellyfish
aroundthe coastof Britain,because it rains.
Lead-in
a. Matchthe animalsto the sounds.Compare
answerswith a partne4then listenand check.
1 snakesbleat/hiss
2 catssqueak/miaow
3 canaries
twitter/moo
4 doveswoof/coo
5 lionsquack/roar
6 wolvesoink/howl
7 beesbuzzltweet
8 horses
neigh/grunt
9 bullshoot/moo
1 0 cricketschirp/cluck
What arethesesoundsin your language?
b . Whichof theseare insects?Which insects
canyou seein the picturesin the article?
I love to listento the gentle
sound of the wavesbreaking
o n t h e . . . . . .. ...
I liketo walkalongthe .. ......
in the summer.
collecting
seashells
He often spendshis summer
& Listening
Whatdo you
and,thepictures.
title,the headings
thinkthe text is about?Listen,readandcheck.
hnliellr<
:t
tho
Theyhavea summerhouseon
the.........o
S fp a i n .
3
Lookat the sentences
below,thenreadthe text againto
istrueor false.lf it istrue,tick(./)
decideif eachsentence
columnA. lf it isfalse,tick(/) columnB.
A
1 Killerbeescomefrom NorthAmerica.
2 Killerbeescanstingpeoplemanytimes.
3 Heavyrainscauselocuststo swarm.
4 Locustscantravelfrom countryto country
5 Weatherconditionsaffectjellyfishmovement.
6 Jellyfish
swarmshappena lot in the UK.
of cnckets
areuncommon.
7 Swarms
gets,
the fastercricketschirp.
8 Thehotterit
Readthe text againandin pairs,
askandanswercomprehension
questions.
8
B
tr
tr
tr
tr
T T
T I
tr T
tr tr
I n
tr I
9 Fliescanmakeus ill
rise.
10 Fliesdiewhentemoeratures
4
tr
tr
u
tr
Speaking
A: Where
canyoufindkillerbees?
America.
andSouth
B: ln North
Listening
Youwill hearsomeone
Listen
and
talkingaboutlocusts.
fill in the factfile.
I
Usethe underlinedwords in the text to completethese
sentences.
Thenexplainthe words in bold in the text.
1 l w o u l dg e t i l li f l a t e p e a n u tbse c a u s1ea m . . . . . .... . .t h e m .
- he'ssucha . ....'..
2 My brothergetson my nerves
3 In somepartsof Africaa . .,.... . canlastfor years.
problemsfor farmers
4 Swarmsof locustscan cause
grasshopper
o Family:
r Lifespan:
1) . . .......months
o Diet:cerealsand othercrops
o Habitat:
2) . . ., semi-dryareas
g
o Size:3) . ....cm,weight:4)
yellow
.
o Colour:brown,5) ..... or
o Y o u n gc a l l e d6: ) . . . . . . ... .
their..... . ... bv hand.
stillharvest
5 Somefarmers
6 M o s q u i t o e .s... . . . . m a l a r i a t o h u m a n s .
5
Matchthe nounsto the animals,
1 a swarm
2 a school
3 a flock
5 a colony
6 a pride
4 a nerO
8 a troop
..
6
2..
1
/
^ ^^-t,
o voLN
4
a of monkeys e of whales
f of dogs
b of sheep
g of ants
c of lions
h of cows
d of bees
5 .... 6 ...
7
8 . . .
stingandwhichbite?Checkin yourdictionary.
Whichanimals
. squirrel. jellyfish. fly
. dog . bee . wasp. mosquito
. ant
. spider
. snake. scorpion
TIBlS!TS\H{\ff{\.rqr!s...
qr}srF-{!\t*$LPqF
" FB
I Q Thinkof tenhewwordsyou've
Make
learnt
inthislesson.
sentences
usingthem.Tellyour
partner.
ESWriting
--v
{
Wordsoften confused
7
coast,
the gapswith the followingwords:shore,
Complete
beach.
Checkin yourdictionaries.
seaside,
Project:Writea shortfact file
aboutan insectof yourchoice.
in the factfile
Usethe headings
in Ex.9 asa model.
103
t .
i u./
Lookat the mindmap.Usethewordsto
complete
the text.
downpour
Srorm
torrentiql roin
shower
flood
drLzzle
3
sleet
hoil
snowfoll
snowdrifts
bLizzord
Listening
andthe music.
Nowlistento thesounds
Whatistheweatherlike?Drawa pictureof
yourpictureto theclass.
Describe
thescene.
with thewords
Complete
thewordsandphrases
gapsin
in the list,thenputthemin thecorrect
(1-7).
thesentences
ofleluo odrnn
a..... of
lightning
b a......ofwind
c a thunder
sunshine
heotwqve
blozing sun
breeze
gole
hurricone,/tornodo
. bolt . flash o ray
aqtnno anr<t
d
e
f
g
a s n o w ..
a .. ofsunshine
a r a t n. . .
a h a i .l . . . . . . . .
1 A . . . . . . . . o. .f.w i n db l e wo f f h i sh a t .
. . of sunshinebroke
2 After the storma
throughthe clouds.
3 S u d d e n lay .l o u d . . . . . . s h o o kt h e b u i l d i n g
4 A . . . . . . . i. s. a b a l ol f i c e
fell on my head,and I dashed
5 A large. .
just in time beforethe storm.
indoors
6 A . . . . . . . . .o. f. l i g h t n i nlgi t u p t h es k y .
7 A .. . . . . is likean icecrystal.
4
we hoveto come
it,[[ get betterbeJore
hOme'
,ff@tr,@fr5snqq
wet through.
1 Wegotcompletely
2 | couldn't
seewhereI wasgoingandthesnow
,,
t r,^-
"
w d s d^ +L lr^e^ -d+ s Ld^ *i l^ r+ e
L r ' eO e e p
3 We were all sweatingterribly I wished it
wouldrainto coolus down
4 A lot of buildingswere damagedand some
treeshad beenrippedout of the ground.
.m.,.rr.ffiffiSirm€ffiY!1!&:
;rum,6*Wefledru*wu'*
2
werethe people
Whichof theseconditions
g
below cau ht in'.blizzar
d,hailstorm,heatwove,
pouringrain?Whatdo you
tornodo,
thunderstorm,
thinkhappened
afterwards?
a. Usethe verbsin the correctformto
complete
the sentences.
5 lt was scaryand noisyasthe hailwas battering
. blow , drizzle. howl . freezeo poUt. Shine
the roofof our car
. I neverknowwhether
the rainis
to take my umbrellaor not because
so light
Don'tgo out todaywithoutbootsanda raincoat
- rt's
down.
lt's-5oC
in thisweather.
3 Bnr.You'll........outside
Let'sgo to the beach!
4 Thesunis . . .
he
was
nearly. . . ....over.
5 It wasso windy
. ',..throughthe
6 Canyou hearthe wind
I hateit when it
104
trees?lt soundsveryspooky.
6 We were frightened,coldand wet.
Reading
5
Lookat the headlines.
Whatdisaster
iseach
about?Haveyouheardaboutanysimilar
Whereandwhen
eventsin the newsrecently?
Whathappened?
Talkin
did it takeplace?
pairs.
Th*usandsmadeh*mefmss
bv flcads
(1-8).Circle
Readthesentences
the rightword
to complete
the idioms.
8
w Ww%w
1 Richard
is sucha dreamer.
He'sgot hishead
in the clouds
/ fog.
x*t:\*v;**'t,j*,{:nr:
Marcieis not verywell She'sfeelingunder
the weather/ temperature
It was a sillyargument- just a storm/ blizzard
Skier killed in avalanche
in a teacup
Thingswere goingso well for him, but then
when it rains,it pours/drizzles.
Greg told everyoneJane'sexcitingnews
beforeshedid. and stole her thunder/storm
Donnaputs somemoneyastdeeverymonth
www&ffiW'i
ffiqxw
&www wffi&effiffiw
and savesit for a roiny/ sunnyday.
Whenhe got hisdegree,he wasso happy,he
was on cloud/ sun nine.
good health.He'sas right as
He'sin perfectly
DROUGHT HITS KHNYA
snow/ rain
fur*mk
Speoking
6
a. Putthe wordsin orderfromthe highestto
the lowesttemperature.
. hot . mild
. chilly. cold . freezing
. warm . cool
. scorching
Whatisthe
b, Thinkof yourcountry.
at different
in variousregions
temperature
year?
Tellthe class.
timesof the
Duringthewinteiit'sverycold.ln thenorth,it'susually
isgenerally
Springtime
freezing
andit oftensnows.
mild.lnthesouthit isquitewarmbutinthenorthit
etc
rather
cooluntilsummer.
stays
(stopfor holidays)
9
Lookat the phrasal
verbsandthen
the
complete
with the
sentences
correctverbforms.
(fasten)
Sarahcan'twait for schoolto . . .... up for
the summerholidays
My uncle's
housewasfloodedsowe ...... . him
wasrepaired.
andhisfamilyup untilthe damage
up by the
3 Sorrywe're late.We were
badweather.
I was waitinga long time in the rain before
t h eb u s. . . . . . . .u. p
.
Underlinethe correctword in eachsentence.
It's freezingoutside- don't go out without
uP Yourjackett
in/on theirpath.
1 Tornadoes
destroyeverything
2 In partsof EasternEuropein winter,travellers
should bewareon/of gettrng caught in a
blizzard.
3 Peoplein the UK oftencomplainoflabout the
rarn
Hailstormscauseda lot of damage in/to
in the area.
houses
Peoplehad to dealwith/at a long powercut
afterthe storm
6 Sheisfrightenedoflaboutthunderstorms
up outsidemy
As the weddingcar
frombehinda clouc.
house,the sunappeared
7;Wrihn5,
f-*'@--t-t
oneof the
Project:lmagineyouexperienced
naturaldisasters
in Ex.5.Writean e-mailto
your
yourEnglish
pen-friend
describing
experience.
105
Modals(possibility/
probability/certainty)
3 I bet the weatherforecastis on in a minute
4 It's likely that we'll havea very hot summer
"w*
G r a m m aR
r eference
thisyear
Readthe cartoon.Whichof the modalverbsin
bold express
es probability/possibility?
certainty?
ability?
l'm sure Tom didn't drive to work. because
hiscaris in the dnve,covered
with snow
)
D o n ' ts u n b a t h e
withoutsunscreen.
Youmayget sunburnt
whichmusthurt.
4
You'reright, but I
ust lovesunbathing.
I couldsit in the sun
all day and night.
Circlethe correctmodal.What doeseach
express?Checkin the GrammarReference.
1 A: Theysayit should/ might raintoday
B: Youmust/ haveto be joking!
2 A: You'rewet throuqh.You must / can oe
freezing
!
B: Yes.Could/ Would I havea towel olease?
:
. survlvea.fter45 mil
i
b. Nowusethetableto makefullsentences.
Makingdeductions/.".i@*
4 A: Be careful!The wind must / might blow
yourumbrella
insideout
assumPtions
B: Thanks,but it should / can have died
down a bit by now
5 A: Tom'splanecan't / must havetaken off
All flightsarecancelled
dueto the weather
B: Yes.He should / must be stuck at the
Grammar
Reterence
Matchthesentences
to the meanings.
F-fl That'shiscoat Hemusthaveforgottenit.
Hecan'Vcouldn't
trT_l Alanhatescoldweather.
havegoneskiing.
ET_-] sitt might not know about the bad
weather
warning
t4T_-] Tomcan't havebeenclearingsnowoff
thedriveway
allmorning
! lt'sstillcovered
!
airport.
6 A: Beingcaughtin a tornadomight / must
be terrifying.
B: Yes.Theymay / can destroywholetowns
7 A: The storm should/ can have passedby
a
b
c
d
now.
B: Yes.Youcan't / must be rioht
1 There'sa chanceit'll rainlater
2 I'm certainit'sscarylivingin an earthquake
zone.
a-;Youwill hearsomeone
talkingabouta
naturaldisaster.
Listenandtick(/)the
correct
columnin thetab|:.
AVALANCHE
. happenanytime
o startwith weightof
one skler
o be easyto survive
SKIER/CLIMBER
. be mad not to take
. Qasicrescueequipm€nt..._ .
. be carriedalongat
1 0 0m p h
. survive
if nearsurface
3 A: Theweathermay / must get worse
B: You can't / mustn't have heard the
forecast
then- it saidsunshine
Rewritethe phrasesin bold,usingan appropriate
modaland makingany other necessary
changes.
Listening
6
lt'spossible
thathedoesn't.
l ' ms u r eh ed i d .
l'mcertain
thathedidn't
l'msurethathewasn't
(1-6)andchoosethe
Readthe sentences
correctword(s)in bold.
1 You must/couldhavebeenrelreved
to qet
homebefore
thestormhit.
2 A hurricanemay/can'thavehit
Florida.Therewas nothing on
the newsaboutit.
3 Be careful!You could/should
hit someonein the eve with
yourumbrella
!
4 Oh no! Marty must/can'thave
beenwaitingfor the busin the
r a i na l lt h i st i m e !
7
Sapporois the capitalof Hokkaido,the most
NORTH
o fJ a p a n .
1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i.s. .l a
. .n. .d
5 AIex may not/shouldn't have
GROW
number
everyyea[ a2) ............
ln February
warning.
heardthe hurricane
of visitorscometo its snowfestival.
6 GloriamusVmayhaveforgotten
Lastyear;abouttwo millionpeoplecameto see the
BEAUTY
tn nrrt crrn rream on! She's
of 3) ...........
snowstatuesand
hundreds
IMPRESS
s a tt h e f e s t i v ai sl
4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i.c. .e.s. c. u l p t u r et h
allover!
sunburnt
famousfor.The town'sambitionto hold
..,'.,:.,,1::.,.1.,,
l, ...
,,r...., t.::',:BlG
Rewritethe sentencesusingpast
. .i.n. .t .e re v e n t s
s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .w
o n eo f J a p a n ' 5
formsof modalverbs.
eachyearis madepossiblebecauseit getsfivemetres
of snoweverywinter.
1 | don'tthinktheyleftfor Mexico.
-{hey
NATIONAL
eventthat
festivalis nowan 6) ..........
The
rn*ynot hav*leftfrsrf'Aexica"
COMPETE
i n c l u d eas s n o ws c u l p t u r7e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 l'm sureshelostherway.
, in whichteamsfrom all aroundthe worldtake
he is feelingill.
3 Perhaps
part.Thesesculpturesare massive,and past entries
4 | don't think he will be seeing
FAME
s ,e o p l ea n d
include
8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b. .u. i. l.d. i n g p
us tomorrow.
cartooncharacters.
5 l'm sureshewasn'tat home.
VARY
As wellas the contest,thereis a wide9) ..................
6 Perhaps
shelostthe way
ENTERTAIN
on offer.
andfun activities
of 10) ...............1r.,,..;,,.:
) Speaking
Makeas
Lookat thepictures.
manydeductions
aspossible.
transformations
Sentence
1 0 Foreachquestion,completethe secondsentencesothat it
meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethanthreewords.
Thereisa chancethat hewill arrivetonight
tonight.
He.........
too bad
l'm sureGaryhasn'tflownto Detroit;the weather's
. t o D e t r o i t ; t hw
e e a t h e r 'tso o b a d .
G a r y. . . . . . . . . . .
He'ssoaking
wet - l'm surehe hasbeenwalkingin the rain.
. .. walkingin the rain.
He'ssoakingwet - he
here.evenin the winter
A droughtis possible
There
droughthere.evenin the winter.
he
the
l'm sure didn'tcatch 8 o'clockolane.
the 8 o'clockplane.
mrssed
He
/&Wrif.nq"
--<e*rJ
fi{
I
9
Reoding
the text with the
Complete
correctword derivedfromthe
wordsin bold.
(50-60words)abouta
Project:Writea shortparagraph
or weather-related
festival.
Include:
seasonal
.
. When/where
thereare
it takesolace Whatactivities/food/etc
. Howlonqit lasts
107
)
b . Completethe dialoguewith sentences
Reading & Listening
a-d.Compareanswerswith a partner.
Listenand check.
Lookat the picture.
Wherearethe people?
Whatcouldtheybewaitingfor?Dotheyfeel
relaxed
or impatient?
Why?
a Yes.We'rein luck.Here's
the bus
b I think we both might be late for work and
l'm freezing
I
c Yes.lt shouldhavebeenhere10 minutesago.
d Good.Thiscan't lastfor morethan a couole
of days,then
Acting out a dialogue
Makingup dialogues
and actingthem out helpsyou
buildyour conversational
slcillsahd becomemore
creative.Tryto use as much new vocabularyas you
can to reinforcewhat you havelearnt.
c. Portfolio:Takerolesandactout the
dialogue
in pairs.Giveit a different
ending.
yourselves.
Record
probabiIity/
Expressing
possibility
3
: ir:i:rrlrlti.lti,:i.!,frit#.
j?ilfflr::
$,i,]ryttrqwfiffigffig$p,il
2
a. Thedialogue
is'reldted
to the picture.
What
mightthe peoplebe talkingabout?Read
and check.
A: Excuseme. Haveyou beenwaitinglong for
thebus?
B:F-n
A: lt mustbe latebecause
of the badweather.
B: I hope it comes soon, or I may miss an
importantmeeting
ET_l
B : Me too. lt wasn'tthis coldyesterday,
was it?
A : No and the forecastfor the weekend is
s un s hni e .
B:trT_-]
A: That'sa relief
B: At leastwe don't livein the north.lt mustbe
reallycoldtherenow
A: IZT-I
B: lt'sabouttime!
108
a. Readthe exchanges
andunderline
the
words/phrases
probability
that express
or
possibility.
. A: What's
theweather
liketoday?
B: lt'sfrneat the moment,
but it miqhtrarn
thisafternoon
. A: Takeyourcoatwithyou
B: Why?Theweather's
fine
A: lt maybesunnynow butit couldgetcold
later.
o A: lt canbeverycoldin thewinterin Russia.
B: Yes,especially
in theeast.
o A: lt shouldhavestoppedrainingby now
Takea lookoutside,
willyou?
B: Yes,it has,just likethe forecastsaidit
wouto.
b. Findstatements
in the dialogue
that
probabi
express
Iity/possi
bility.
c. In pairs,
actoutyourown exchanges
similar
to the example,usingcan'tandmusf.
A: Youcan'tbecold.lt's
22degrees!
B: WelLl
am,soI mustbecominq
downwith
somethin0.
)
4
Listening
b. Listen
to someone
describing
the same
pictureandevaluate
themin termsof
grammar,
vocabulary
andaccuracy,
How
similaristheirdescription
to your
partner's?
a. Youaregoingto hearsomeone
talkingabout
extremeweatherconditions
in different
places
aroundtheworld.Readthroughthe
(1-6)andunderline
sentences
the keywords.
A
B
Yes N o
f_l
Onlyscientists
livein the coldest
|
|
placein the world
fl
Thecoldestplacernthe world
L-----.1
i sa v i l l a g e
inSiberia
The hottestplacein the world
| |
tr
is in SouthAmerica.
4 ElAziziais in the Sahara
Desert.
5 It almostneverstopsrainingin
'the
landof the clouds'.
Thewindiestplacein the world
,'L,
l
r l
T
tl
..!
j ,
T
]li
).
tr
tr
tr
l i i
f-l
L--l
is in the USA.
c. NoWlookat pictureB anddescribe
it to
yourpartner.
Makespeculations
aboutit.
\
li ll
rl
:!
ii i
l:'a'i
t i
b. Listenandmarkeachsentence
ascorrector
put
incorrect.
lf it is correct, a tick(./) in the
put a
boxunderA for YES.lf it is incorrect,
(/)
tick in the boxunderI for NO.
Whatdo youdo in hot/coldweather?Make
spidergrams,
Compare
answers
with a partner.
In pairs,discuss
how the weatheraffectsyour
free-time
activities.
go to-thebeach
surftheNet
I
Thinkof whatyouhavelearntin thislesson.
Closeyourbooksandtell a partner.
Describing
pictures
) Speaking
a. Lookat pictureA anddescribe
it to your
partner.
Makespeculations.
Usemust,con't,
may.
Why doesit
rain?
it rainon the
pavement?
Tdl
ffi*K*&rary
wkmr%wffi
an e-mail
a. Haveyou eversent/received
invitation?Who from/to?What about?
b. What couldyou inviteyour friend to in
writing?
Abirthdayparty. etc
2
How would you start/enda letter lo: ofriend?
yourteacher?someone
you'venevermet?Choose
from the greetingsbelow.
. Hi (+ firstname)
Love,(+ first name)
. DearSir/Madam
Yoursfaithfully,(+
o DearMr/Mrs
(+ surname)
(+ full
Bestregards
name)
full name)
would be appropriatein
Whichof thesephrases
an informale-mailinvitation?Decidein pairs.
Whichcanyou useto starVendyour e-mail?
5ubj6ct:
DearSue,
t1-t_-] Hi. How'sit going?I nopeyou and yourfamily
arewell Thanksfor yourlaste-niaiilt wasgreatto hear
ailyournews.
ET-l Guesswhat? l'm goingto a festivalat Niagara
Falls,Canada,next month.How would you liketo go
with me?lt wouldbe greatto go together.
ll-l--l lt's calledthe Winter Festival
of Liohtsand it
runs from 4 Novemberto 2 Januarylt has huge
animatedlight displays
and fantasticthemednight
parades
characters
There
that includepopularDisney
rs also a musicalstage show called WinterWishes,
art
fireworkdisplays,concerts,ballet performances,
and craft shows and much, much more. We're
leavingon 3 December
and stayingfor a week until
t h e 1 0 t h .T h e t o t a l c o s t w i l l b e $ 7 0 0 , i n c l u d i n g
flights,accommodation
and meals.
you'll
Please
Let me know assoonas
say
come.
t4T_-]
you can so we can makethe arrangements.
Hopeto
hearfromyou soon.
t
-
t
l
LOVC,
r I a m w r i t i n gt o c o m p l a ianb o u t. . .
. H i !H o w a r e y o u ?
. Thanksfor yourletter
Marcy
for
b. Suggest
a differentbeginning/ending
the e-mail.
. I look forwardto hearingfrom you
r Can'twait to hearfromvou.
Ywwxv
kg,"erwx
r Write backsoon!
4
In pairs,rewritethe followingsentencesin an
informalstyle.Checkwith anotherpair.
1 | request
the pleasure
of yourcompanyat the
S p r i n gB a l l .
6
Underline
the keywordsin the rubric.Usethe
planto makenotes.Thenwriteyoure-mail.
'fi Write
abouta
ane-mailtoa friendtellinghim/her
inyourcountry
andinviting
H seasonalfestival
1" him/her
50words).
tocomewithyou(100-1
2 Please
adviseme withoutdelay.
3 | lookforwardto meetingyou.
4 Thankyou for yourco-operation
5 | hopemy letterfindsyou in goodhealth.
LwYrw
&wwW
x&wwww
a. Readthe rubric,
thenreadthe e-mailand
matchthe paragraphs
to the headings.
at Niagara
ftf Youaregoingtoa winterfestival
y fattsWriteane-mailtoa friendtellinghim/her
him/her
togo
andinviting
X aboutthefestival
i withyou.
110
a
b
c
d
Description
of festival
remarks
Opening
Request
for response
andfinalremarks
lnvitation
to festival
Dear (+ yourfriend's first name)
Introduction
(Paru"J.) Ask bou be/sbe is.
Tbank yowrfriendfor tbeir last e-mail.
Main Body
(Para 2) Mention thefestiual,
Itwite yourfriend, to come witb you.
(Vara 3) Describe tbefesttual (d.ate- (tctivitiestrauel d,etails).
Conclusion
(Para 4) Encourage yourfriend to come.
Askfor a speedy reply.
Love,
(your name)
lce Alaskais an amazingeventthat takesplacein
Fairbanks,
Alaska.
lt bringsthe town to lifein February
and Marcheveryyear.lt is a wonderfulevent that
promotes art. culture, education, international
friendship
andwintertourismthroughice.
lt wasallstartedin 1934by KayHuffmanand Clara
MurrayWest Theyusedto organise
the Fairbanks
WinterCarnival,
with activities
suchas parades
ano
dog races.After four years,this becamethe lce
Carnivaland Dog Derby,and artistswould carve
thronesfrom ice for the carnival
queenand king
Eachyearthesethronesbecamemorecomplexand
this was the start of the town's ice sculotino
tradition.
In 1988 the festivalwas revived. Teamsof ice
sculptors
camefrom Chinaand Chicagoto create
sculptures
for the Winter Carnival.They taught
local people how to sculpt ice An exhibition
followed,and in 1990 the first competitionwas
held A team from Francewon first prize.Today,up
to 75 teamsfrom aroundthe worldcompetein lce
Alaskaeveryyear.
Visitorscanwatchthe artistsat work and seeall the
finished
sculptures
in a fantastic
lightdisplay.
Children
can havefun, too, in the Kids'Park,which offersa
wide rangeof activities,
including
rides,slides,
mazes
andtrainsThisisdefinitelyan eventthat isnot to be
missed!Findout moreat www icealaska.com
W Reoding & Listening
Lookat the pictures
anddescribe
what you
see.Then,in pairs,talkaboutwhere,
when,why
andwithwhatyouthinkthe sculptures
were
made.
2
a . Readthe title and the first sentenceof each
paragraph.
Predictthe content,then listen,
readand check.
^.--.€
3
W Speoking
4
b . Readthe text and markthe statementsas f
(true)or F (false).Listenand check.
lceAlaskaencourages
friendships
with
peoplefrom othercountries.
2 It startedassomething
quitedifferent.
3 Somelocalpeopleknow how to sculpt
rce.
4 It turnedinto a comoetition
in 1988.
5 It is not a festival
children
caneniov.
Readthe text againand explainthe words in
bold.
Makenotesunderthe headings
andusethem
,Time&place
.Reason
to talk aboutthe festival.
.
. What
forfestival Howit began. Thecompetition
visitors
consee& do
- * a rr
t
, l l
f@wrfft{tgi{
-t,g@V
Project:
Thinkof a popularwinterfestival/event
in yourcountry.Doesit attractpeoplefromall
overthe worldor is it just a localevent?Do
childrenparticipate
in thisfestival?
Writean
articleaboutit. Usethe headings
fromEx.4.
111
*wm&-avz
asyou
a. In oneminute,listasmanyfestivals
with your
canthinkof. Compare
answers
partner.
Whendoeseachhappen?
b. Choose
a festivalfromEx.1 andusethe
phrases
it to your
belowto describe
partner.
Youcanalsouseyourown ideas.
. enjoyspecial
& chocolates
dinner. sendcards
. lightbonfires
. havebarbecues
. cooka special
meal. throwparties
. watchcolourful
. havea picnic
parades
. getdressed
costumes
up in multi-coloured
. dressup in scaryoutfits. letoff fireworks
. exchange
o pullcrackers
gifts/greeting5
. visitfriends
to themusic
andrelatives
" dance
Wevisitfriends
Wecelebrate
NewYeals
Eveon31December.
gifts.
andrelatives
andcooka specialmeaLWeexchange
greetings.
When
exchange
Some
theclockstrikes
midnightwe
people
evenletofffireworks.
2
5
5
1 Theyhad chickenwingsas a starter,and roast
l a m b a s t h e . .. .
2 T h e yd a n c e ad n dh a df u nt i l l t h e . . . . . . .
3 Theykepta minute's
silence
in......
of thosewho werelostin the war.
4 Theturkeyis .
with minced
meat,onionsand nutmeg
5 Theybakedsomepotatoesin the
of the fire.
Underlinethe correctword. Compareanswers
with a partner.Checkin your dictionaries.
7
yourself
in the
Listen
to the music.
lmagine
scene.
Whereareyou?Whatareyoudoing?
Whatcanyousee,feel,hearandtaste?Use
phrases
fromEx.1b to describe
the scene.
1 | don't likesmoked/pickled
salmon.
2 He hatesbitter/oilychocolate.
3 Can I have a bottle of still/bubblywater;
olease?
4 Chillipeppers
aretoo hot/spicyfor me
5 Canyou please
chop/gratesomecheese?
6 Howaboutvanillaicecreamfor desserVstarter?
Ww
wffiawng
&"ilF;w%wwwawng
3
a. Lookat the pictures.
Whichfestivals
do
theyshow?Listenandreadto seeif your
guesses
Whichfoodsare
werecorrect.
associated
with eachfestival?
I
b. Readthe text againandmarkthe sentences
(true)or F(false).
with
a
answers
Compare
partner.
7 Thiscakeis deliciousCanI havethe
prescription/recipe
please?
8
Workin pairs.Discuss
the foodsandthe
cooking
methods
asin the example.
1 RobertBurnsis remembered
25th.
on January
places.
2 Valentine's
in a few
Dayiscelebrated
3 Poorpeoplein ltalymakea special
soupin May.
4 Therearea varietyof midsummer
celebrations
Day.
5 Americans
eatoutdoorson Independence
people
go
6 Only
fromthe Caribbean to the
N o t t i n gH i l lC a r n i v a l .
7 GuyFawkes'
in the UK
Nightisonlycelebrated
peoplelrketo haveverylongpartiesat
8 Scottish
the end of the year.
4
In pairs,askandanswercomprehension
questions
basedon the text.
.
.
.
.
.
bakedo roast
boiled. fried
. raw
grilled
. steamed
mashed
scrambled
o nni:tnoc
.
.
.
.
fish
chicken
vegetables
rice. lamb
A: Howdoyoulikeyoureggs?
B: I likethem
boiled.What
aboutyou?
A: llikethem
scrambled.
go handin hand,andtherearehundreds
Foodandfestivals
of fesiivals
aroundtheworld
throughout
theyear.We havechosena fewof the morewell-known
onesandarranged
themby monthso that,if you wantto, you can havea go at cookingsomeof the
9.',:,
i:::.
@i
traditionaldishesand specialitiesfor each fesiival.
*w&ffiww
&&ww&ww
On 25 January, Scotland
celebratesthe memory of its
most famous poet, Robert
Burns.Scottishpeopleenjoya
specialdinnerin whichthe main
course is a dish called haggis.
This is a sheep'sstomachwhich is
stuffedwith meat,onionsand oatmeal.
Lnmany countiesaroundthe world,Valentine'sDay is
celebratedon 14 February.People send each other
:ards, chocolatesand heart-shapedbiscuits.Couples
go out for a romanticmealat a restaurant.
t
* &e&ww
hpw&w
May is the monthwhen
the people of Teramo,
Italy, celebrate Sagra
delle Virtit.They prepare
ninestrone, a kind of
thick soup made with a
arge numberof winterand
Started
bythelargeCaribbean u 3
populationwho livethere,the
Notting Hill Carnival has
becomea huge international
street festival which takes
place in London,England,at
the end of August every year.
Thousands
of peoplelinethestreets
parade,dancingto the rhythmof
to watchthecolourful
funkyCaribbean
music.Therearemanystallssellinga
rangeof exoticfoodsfromallpartsof theworld.
* wffiwffiwwww
wffiwffiwww
On the very last day of October,people in the UK,
Canadaand the USA celebrateHalloween.They dress
up in scary outfits and have parties where they eat
toffeeapplesand a widevarietyof sweetsand biscuits.
Bonfire Night, also called Guy Fawkes' Night, is a
celebrationthat is unique to the UK. lt is celebratedon
5 November,when peoplelighthuge bonfiresand let ofi
fireworks.They eat potatoesbaked in the ashesof the
fire, cinder toffee and a sticky cake
calledparkin.
freshspringvegetables.
As part
31 December
is NewYear'sEve
cf the festival,muchof the soup is traditionally
servedto
the poor.
Midsummer
is celebrated
on 24 Junein manycountriesin
many differentways. In Finlandand Sweden,people
make garlandswith flowers,light big bonfires,dance
traditional
dancesand eatlotsof smokedand oickledfish.
celebrateHogmanay.Parties
lastwellintothe earlyhoursof
the followingday,with people
eatingtraditional
Scottishfood
such as shortbread
and Dundee
* ffiWWWWWWWffi
,SWWW
IndependenceDay is a big celebrationin the United
States,and it takesplaceon 4 July.Acrossthe country,
thereare fireworkdisplaysand peopleenjoybarbecues
and picnics. Popularfoods include hamburgers,hot
potatosalad,baked beansand corn
dogs,sandwiches,
on the cob.
WffiffiW&ffiffi
In groups,
listfestivals
in yourcountryandthe
datestheytakeplaceon. Useyourlistto
presentthemto the class,
and the people in Scotland
4
cake as well as enjoyinga traditional
roast dinner.
you knowof sometraditional
Perhaps
dishesthat
we haven'tmentioned
or you mighthavesome
interesting
recipesyou'dliketo share.lf so, we'd
like to hearfrom you. Pleasewriteto our usual
address.
M*
Portfolio:Workin groups.Prepare
a calendar
for festivals
in yourcountry.Usethe text in
Ex.3b asa model.
113
3
Groupthesportsin the listundertheheadings:
extreme
sports;
outdoor
indoorsports;
watersports;
Whichof thesesportscanyouseein the
sports.
pictures?
Whichisyourfavourite?
e diving', boxing
= paragliding
* ice-skating
* bowling
* 1snni5, golf
u hang-gliding
* squash
* athletics,, basketball
',:
r: cross-country
running aerobics
jumping+ skiing
e bungee
* s6s[nfliving
;: football
*,baseball
,t snowboarding
. kayaking
r windsurfing
,uswimming
a. Matchthe sportto the placeandthe
equipment.
sport
place
equipment
tennts-_, ---**
football
course
ball
skates
boxing
golf
rce-skating
A:
B:
A:
B:
4
football,
athletics,
the chart.Usethe
a. Listenandcomplete
in Ex.1bto talkabout
table
from
the
verbs
what sportsthe studentsdo.
swrmmrng
boys(2) .
athletics
boys(70%)
girls(3)
Ll
boys(83%)
g i r l s( 6 % )
aerobics
boys(5%)
g u l s( 7 2 % )
cross-country
runnrn9
boys(5)
b,
boys(76%)
.)
)
ring
ctu0s
doyouplaytennis?
Where
Ona tenniscourt.
Whatdoyouneedto play?
etc
Aracquet.
isn'the?
1 A: Tom'sa greattennrsplayer,
.. sowell no one
B: Yes,he is.He
canbeathtm
a goall
2 A: My teamjust
they'llwin the match
B: GreatlPerhaps
tt.
3 A : l ' l lt h r o wt h e b a l la n dy o u . . . . . .
B: OK
the match
4 A: Do you knowwho . .
Underlinethe correctword to completethe
Make
Checkin your dictionaries.
sentences.
sentencesusingthe rest of the words.
g i r l s( 8 5 % )
)
g i r l s( 1 9 % )
g u l s( 2 " k )
playbasketball.
250/o
of theboysat MillfieldHighSchool
with
b, Whichof thesesportsarepopular
your
class?
in
students
114
gloves
A : l st h i sy o u rb a l l ?
B : Y e si t r s C a ny o u . . . . .. i t t o m e ,p l e a s e ?
5
guls(17%)
rink
lastnight?
United,2-1
B: Yes- Manchester
A: Let me take the penalty.
B : O K- b u t w h a t e v eyro u d o .d o n ' t . . . . . !
Listening
boys(25%)
ttrT
. Serve. CatCh. miSS. win
. thrOW. SCOre
'''""',,,''"'-l
1)
r2aa|
Completeeachsentencewith the correctform
of one of the verbsin the list.
b. Whichverbsdo we usewith eachsport:9o
the table.
playor do?Complete
2
*%
asin the example.
b. Nowaskandanswer,
'$
skiing,
courtpitch
1 Therewere over 10,000audiences/viewers/
spectatorsat the final.
2 John won first position/place/pointin the
comoetition
Owentakespart in the tenniscontest/event/
tournamenteveryyear.
Thesportsdaywasopenedby Daley
Thompson,
a formerOlympicAoldmedal
wi n ner/champion/defender.
5 He playsfor his localfootballgroup/society/
team
a. Readthe examples
andcomplete
the table.
Boxing
ispopular
olthoughit isdangerous.
ln spiteof beingdangerous,
boxingispopular.
Despite
beingdangerous,
boxing
ispopular.
b. Readagainandcomplete
the gaps.Listen
andcheck.
. . . .+ c l a u s e
. . . . ... + - r n gf o r m/ n o u n
b. Usethe adjectives
to maketruesentences
aboutdifferentsports.
. dangerous
. fun . exciting
o tiring
. expensiveboring. challenging
. thrilling
"
7
Matchthe idioms(1-5)tothe meanings
(a-e).
1 Let'sget the ballrollingandstartthe meeting.
2 Comeon! Let'sgo out tonightandhavea ball
3 l've just started learningFrenchinsteadof
Spanish
and it'sa whole new ballgamefor me
4 Dadwon't playballand giveme a loan.
5 The ball is in your court now - you must
decidewhat to do.
t
il
havea greattime
the nextstepisup to you
t
E]
a completely
different
situation
beco-operative
begina process
t
b. Aretheresimilar
phrases
in yourlanguage?
Body imageand self confidence- Bodyimagemeans
howwe feel0) als*utour physicalappearance.
lmagesof
beautifulpeoplein adveftisements
can makeus anxious
about the way we look. This pressureoften affects
teenagersin pafticular,
and 1) .........can be difficultto
enjoylifewhenyou don'tfeelgoodaboutyourself.
Onlyan image- Rememberthat
mostof uswillneverhave
perfectbodies!The imagesthatsurroundus arecreatedto
sellthings,2) .........
we buytheproducts
to be as beautiful
'happy'as
and
the modelsin theadveftisements.
However,
most real peopleenjoy the companyof a real person
3) ... ...thanan attractive
butunrealcreation.
Value yourself - Concentrateon your good qualities,
not the thingsyou can'tchange.This will 4) .........you
enjoyotheraspectsof growing5) .........,
suchas having
friendships
andfacingchallenges.
Takeaction - Change6) .........
way you see and think
aboutyourself.Decidewhatyou can realistically
change
aboutyourappearance.
Youcan'tchangeyourheightor
shoe size,but you mightwant 7l .........be fitter.Once
you'vedecided,set realisticgoalsand keeptrackof your
progress.
Be good to yourself - 8) .........you feel good,you're
morelikelyto thinkand act positively.
Makea listof things
you likeaboutyourself
give
yourself
and
at 9) .........
three
compliments
everyday.Andthe next10) .........
someone
compliments
you, believeit and say "Thankyoul" Be
gratefulfor all thethingsthatmakeyou great!
,jlPisqie?qiii:il]ft$'q
!!na_i:,.5E:.r!,,
aa4!ai5r1
rljj.l
Speaking
1 Hardtrainingcausedmusclestrainin hisleg.
2 Theathletecontinuedrunningdespitehisinjury.
3 Nickgot dressedin hisfootballkit and went
to play
Johnplayedcrrcket
whilehisdadwatched.
Reading&Listening
9
Read
thetitleandthesubheadings.
Whatis
purpose?
thewriter's
Read
through
andcheck.
Usethetextin Ex.9 to tryto
I Q Workin groups.
persuade
yourfriends
to havea betterimage
of
themselves.
elWrit,n4:
y_4dffiv
Portfolio:Useideasfromthe text in Ex.9, as
wellasyourown ideas,to writean e-mailto
yourEnglish
pen-friend
givingthemadvice
abouthowto improve
theirbodyimage.
115
ffiwmffiffitupL$fmffigy$mm
Would you like to have a healthylifestyle?Try the
Avoid eating sugar;lsnacKS'
- eatinghealthilyis important
Havea balanceddiet
andYou'llfeel better'
to
everydayif you want
io""o an hour exercising
meals'
Eatbetween
drinKs'
DrinkanyfizzY
at nlght
StaYuP late
Letothers'**::",filr.i"Ji.insrirr,it
oi
relaxatton
everYthtng
Makethe mistake
infinitivel-ing forms
( q u i t )h e rj o b !
A n n c a n ' tw a i t . . . . . . . .
I know.She'splanning . . . . ...(move)to
Londonandstarta Master's
degree.
(play)in the park?
Willyou let me . .
l ' m a f r a i di t ' st o o l a t e. . . . . . . . . .(.g o )o u t o n
yourown.
G r a m m aR
r eference
I
Reading
Lookat the Grammar
Reference
section
and
(with/without
complete
the ruleswith infinitive
to)or -ingform.Findexamples
in the textsabove.
1 preposition+........
2 like/love/hate/enjoy
etc+ ...
3 wouldlike/would
loveetc+ . .. . .
4 can,will,mustetc +
5 wait, can'twait, rememberetc + . .
6 l e t ,m a k e+ . . . . . . . . . .
7 look forward to. don't mind, can't stanc
a v o i de t c+ . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Lookat the GrammarReference
section.Fillin
the gapswith the verbsin bracketsin the
correctform. Givereasons.
1 A: I want ..... . .. . (start)an aerobics
class
B:Really?Canl.
.... (oin)you?
(take)moreexercise.
2 A: Johnmust .........
B: That'strue.He'll
. . (lose)weight.
3 A : T h e ya r e n ' a
t l l o w e d . . . . . . . . . ... . ( t a k e )
partin the games.
B : W h a ta s h a m eT! h e ys h o u l d
(complain)
to the committee
(go)swimming
4 A: Let's
B: I can't.I must .. . .. (buy)a new costume!
(go)to footballgames.
5 A: I enjoy.....
B: Really?
| can'tstandpeople... .
(shout).
6 A : l t ' sr a i n i n gT.h e r e n
' so p o i n ti n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(leave)now
B : H o w a b o u t. . . . . . . . . .( o r d e ra) p i z z a , t h e n ?
116
...-^^t.e
staYin good shaPe
ano
sometime for socialising
Rememberto allow
3
a . Readthe following pairsof sentences.
In
pairs,discuss
how they differin meaning.
a He hasstoppedeatingjunk food. (finish)
b He stopped to have a drink. (temparcrily)
a Sheforgot to lock the door.
b l'll neverforget visitingMoscow.
a He rememberedmeeting her three years
ago.
b He remembered
to pay the phonebill
a Try cookingwith oliveoil. lt'll tastebetter
b He tried to jump over the fence,but he
couldn't.
a I usedto eat chocolate
allthe timewhen r
wasyounger
b l'm usedto eatinglunchat 1:30pm
b. Put the verbsin bracketsinto the correct
form.
(travel)
A: l'llneverforget............
across
ltaly
B: Yes,but you forgot ... . .
.....(send)me
a postcard.
A: Why don'tyoutry ..... . (take)an aspirin?
B: l'vehadonealready.
l'lltry . . .......(relax)
a bit, if I can
A: Let'sstop
... (eat)something
B: Again?Youshouldstop
s o m u c h!
. .. (eat)
4 A: He usedto
he got a car
(walk)to work before
to .... . . . . (take)
B : I h a t ed r i v i n ol ' m r r s e d
the train
(tell)John
5 A: Didyou remember.. .
aboutthe party?
(invite)
B: Yes,but I don't remember
2 A: I thinkwe shouldcut down on fats.
B: We'd better
3 A: Let'sgo to the stadium.
B: l'd prefer
*&
@me
w
Lookat the picture.In teams,
to
taketurnsaddinga sentence
the story,usingtheseverbs:
Ann
) Speoking
4
. decide. lookforwardto . try r p6rn.n.
o start. notice. beafraid. contrnue
. havedifficulty
in . stop . see . behappy
Thinkof yourlifestyle.
thesentences
Complete
sotheyaretrueforyou.
1 | avoid ..
Team
A S1: Lastweekend
wedecided
togofishing.
Team
dayand...
B51: Itwasa lovely
2 | usedto
3 lstopped..
4 | must
Word formation
5 I'vealwayswanted
6 I'm usedto
7 ltry
8 l ' m l o o k i n gf o r w a r dt o . . . . .
5
Lookat the table,then rewritethe sentences
usingthe verb in bracketsin the correctform.
r'-".-""*-'*-"-*'
with:
canformcompound
nouns
lwe
,
1
l
i noun + noun carpark;noun + adverbpasser-by;
+ noun swimmingpooll,
iadverb+ noun onlooker;gerund
-_,......-^.....-;
--".""_
i..,_*_._"-
Matchthewordsto formcompound
nouns,
thenusethemin sentences.
7
".'""-sports
ball
f
"'
6
t,
unllzinn
vv9| | \| |
''..
"'
' Y
Passer
i
fruit
Sentencetransformations
1 Shehaslosta lot of weight.(seem)
Sheseems
t* havelasra lot af wteight.
2 He is playing
well.(appear)
3 Mike playsgolf on Saturdays(enjoy)
4 Theyusually
win homematches(tend)
5 He is sorryhe has missedso manytraining
sessions
this season.(regret)
8
1 Johnlikes
swimmrng
morethanrunning.
running.
Johnprefers
2 lt'stoo coldto swimin thesea
6 Shesaysshehasbeenswimmrngfor an hour
(claim)
5
to swimin the sea.
join
Youshould
a swimmingclub.
W h yd o n ' t
a s w i m m i n cgl u b T
It isn't
to
Readthe examples.
Usethe structures
yourpreferences.
the
express
Thencomplete
exchanges
usingsimilar
structures.
I can'tremember
the lasttimeI went swimming.
. .. for a longtime
I haven't
It lookslikehe'sa good swimmer.
goodswimmer.
Heseems
l'd preferto go out.
I prefer(playing)rugbyto (playing)golf
I'd ratherplay rugbythan (play)golf
l'd better leaveyou alone.
1 A : I liketennismorethansquash.
B : Really?
| prefer
For
Herearesomesentences
aboutswimming.
eachquestion,
complete
the secondsentence
sothat it meansthe sameasthe first.Useno
morethanthreewords.
9
youhave
Thinkof thegrammar
structures
learnt
lesson.
Make
sentences
using
inthis
them.Tella partner.
117
7 Listening
I Youwill heara fitness
advisor
talkingto a groupof peoplewho arethinkingaboutbecoming
members
of a gym.Listen
andfill in the missing
information.
'r"
.,*i*-r
M
R
n
.
*
l
"
a
*rf;**foemrutr*
!F@!--_]::
.'-
in the reception
area.
o"
Thegym is openfrom 10 am to
2)...............
ufu diy. ".t::' :".' '
#
-pmsq$[q_p_g_q_=_=:=
_.,,,,.,r _
Indoorheatedswimm:ihgr,pool.
3) ... .
rooms,exercise
room,S.;
fully-equipped
gym,
4).... ...... ring:,rr',
3
\-' r
Boxingglovesand exercise
matsprovided
freeof charge.
afhE-"-**-*
€d#db&te&
- \
\)
\!'
4r$n!rl1+4r1
i;; .:5rsrf'
yoga and aerobiciilai'* iosi ili... ... pZi
hourandswimminglessons
costf 10 per
hour as part of a 6) . . ...,,,,,i,,,-lesson
course
il4srr
AskingforlGivingdirections
2
a. Lookat the floorplanof CityGymin Ex.1.
Whatsportscanyoudo there?
Youcandoaerobics
at CityGym.
b. Usethe usefullanguage
in the tableto ask
for andgivedirections,
asin the example.
Excuse
me,where'sthe ? c It's/They're
next
I
Couldyou please
tell me
to/opposite/behind/
w n e r e. . .
in front of, to the
. Canyoutell m e how to
lefVrightof ...
find/getto . ?
TurnlefVright..
I
3
Reading
Janewasat the gymyesterday.
Listenand
saywhat happened
to her.
b . Readthe firstexchange
in the dialogueon
p. 119andseeif yourguesses
werecorrect.
Whatdo youthinkthetrainerwill advise
her
to do?Listen,
readandcheck.
a
a
Excuse
me.Where
arethechanging
rooms?
They're
nexttotheswimming
po-ol.
118
d. Readthe dialogueagainand correctthe
statements(1-3).
1 Janewasdoingaerobics
at home.
2 Janehasdamagedhermuscle
3 ThetrainertellsJaneto exercrse
more.
b. Usethetablebelowandideas
fromEx.5a
to findoutaboutyourpartner.
Yourpartner
triesto avoidgivinga directanswer.
T r a i n e r :H i .J a n eW
. h ya r ey o u l i m p i n g ?
iane: l'vehurt my leg lt'sreallypainful
Trainer: How did it happen?
Jane: I wasin the aerobics
classwhen I suddenly
felt a sharppain.
Trainer: Oh dear Let'shavea look,shallwe?
Jane: Ouch!Thatreallyhurts!
Trainer: Hmm l'd sayyou'veprobably
your
damaged
a
A r e y o u . ?.
a
D o y o u. ?
a
How often do
you .?
tendon.Youshouldseeyourdoctor.You
mightneedsomepainkillers,
andyou'dbetter
rest No moreaerobics
for vou for a whilel
4
Portfolio:Youinjuredyourselfin the gym.
Usingthe notesbelowtakerolesandactout a
dialogue
similar
to theonein Ex.3. Record
yourselves.
. Not really.
. Er .. not exactly.
. I suppose.
. Sometimes.
. Not that often,I guess.
A: Doyoueatplenty
offruitandvegetables?
B: Er,.. notthatoften,l
guess.
)
6
- hurtmybackliftingweights
r walking
stiffly
- mightneeda
probably
pulled
a muscle
muscle
relaxant
. holding
yourwrist- hurtmyhand- punching
- mighthavebroken
thepunchbag
a boneprobably
needanx-ray
Speaking
A friendof yourswantsto losesomeweight.
Talkin pairsaboutthe changes
yourfriend
needsto make,thendecide
whicharethe
mostimportantthingshe/sheshoulddo.
{:w" w
burgers
Avoidingdirectanswers
5
@
a. Lookat the poster.
Whatshouldsomeone
do to havea healthylifestyle?
basketball
W
Coke
I coffee,lea,tizzy drinks,
oils,fats,sweets,junk food
bicycle
A: Ithinkhe/she
should
cutdownonjunkfood.
B: I agree.
He/She
should
eatmorevegetables
andfruit.
I watchingTV, playingvideo
games
7
Thinkof sixphrases
you havelearntin this
lesson.
Makesentences
usingthem.
Tella partner.
yoghurl),poultryfish,beans,
vegetables(cabbage,lettuce,etc),
fruit (pears,watermelon,etc)
bread,cereal,rice,pasta
-*i..,*_**"*-",
ll. I've boiled"
it for 10
minutes
andit
playvolleyballibasketbal
l/football/
tennis,walk,rideyourbike,take
the stairs
"
c f i l l ':'i_'.::t
ien't cnft '
""':
119
Wwpwwww\mry
ffffiffiK%
ffi*kY:amg
rgtmw%*ffi
Belowis partof a questionnaire
thatwasgivento 500pupils
at Greenhill
School,
Complete
the questionnaire
for yourself.
Compare
answers
with a partner.
Lookat the piechart.Usethe
phrases
belowto express
the
factsin the piechart.
3
What do you usually
havefor lunchT
o themajority
of thosequestioned
say...
. a minorrty
prefer
of thosequestioned
...
. a small/large/high
number
of students/
A a mealin the schoolcanteen
B snacks
fromthe vendingmachines
C a packedlunchfrom home
. ten/fifty/etc
percentof people
prefer..
interviewed
nponlA otr rhnnco
What do you preferto eat?
A a s a n d w i c h B a c o o k e d l u n c hC a packetof crisps
3 What do you usually
drink?
A water
B fizzydrinks
C fruitjuice
;.
4 How manyfizzydrinksdo you drinka day?
A none
2
B one
C morethanone
lil,
E
ffiil
W f f i
LwwWxmry
x&wwwr
basketball
a. Howdo youthinkthewriterusedthe information
she
collected?
Lookat the reportandsay.
Themajorityof studentspreferplayingball
games...
b. Readthe reportandchoose
the correct
subheadings
to
complete
the gaps,Whatisthewriter'srecommendation?
o Introduction
. Conclusion
. Food. Drinks
To:
From:
Mr Little,PSHEClass
ElizabethSnow,Year7
Subject: Eatinghabitsof pupilsat GreenhillSchool
Date:
I lth May
B
The majorityof pupilsprefer unhealthysnaclcs
and junl<food from
the vendingmachinesto the hot meals served in the school's
canteen.Threeout of five prefer to havechocolatebars,crispsand
other snacksinsteadof a cool<edlunch.
volleyball
swimming
Ywsar
Kv*rm
Portfolio:Readthe rubricand
underline
the keywords.Prepare
a simplequestionnaire.
Giveit to
yourclassmates
to complete.
Use
theiranswers
andthe planto
writeyourreport.
4
Ii,
I'jj
\i:,
tl,
j,,,
i
l'\,
A
The aim of this report is to presenttheresultsof a surveyin which
500 pupilswere questionedabouttheir eatinghabits.
footbalI
,nr
i,
-*u,
t""1
.:.ir
'',
lih
lil,
rtll
rii
i
ll,
.
:i,
i\
Yourteacher
youto wiltea
hasasked
report
aboutthesports
andextracurricuIaractivitiesyour classm
ates
takepartin.Write
yourreport
describing
whattheydoin theirfree
time(100-150word).
'x..{,:,ri,,ii_
c
Fizzydrinks are popularamong pupils.Fifty per cent of the pupils
asked admitted having more than one fizzy drinl< per day.Only
twelve per cent drink water or fruit juice.
D
To sum up,a largenumberof pupilspreferto havejunk food andfzzy
drinl<sinsteadof healthiercookedmeals.I recommendthat the School
Boardtake action to make unhealthyoptions lessavailable
to pupils.
They shouldalsopromote schooldinnersand healthyfood.
120",,,,,.,,,ri,,rr,i,1\!i
r.r,i,,i,i,rrl
Introduction (Para 1)
What is the aim of the report?
Main Body (Paras 2-3)
Wbat are tbe results of tbe suruey?
(Write them unctrerapproprit te
beaclings.)
Conclusion (Paru 4)
How could you summarise the
results of the suruey?Wat are your
suggestions/re comm en d a ti ons?
ffi
ffi
3ffi#*r4
*ffiffis
Exceptfor thinking,everythingwe do depends
1)........we realiseit or not.
on our muscles,
muscles
we2)........beableto sit,move,talk,
Without
write,read,breatheor evendigestaurfood.
ffi
e#ffi
W
(in3) ........
tissuewhichcontracts
is a bundle
of elastic
A muscle
whenit receives
a signalfromour
andthicker)
words,it becomes
shorter
Thereare threekindsof muscle:
skeletalmuscle,
nervesor hormones.
smoothmuscleandcardiacmuscle.
muscles,
becausewe 4) ........controltheir
muscles
Skeletal
are alsocalledvoluntary
movement
when we want to. Thesemusclesvary greatlyin size and strength,fromthe
small musclesaroundour eyes to the large,strong musclesof our thighs.They are
andeachmuscle
canmovea partof the body
attached5) ........
the bonesof ourskeleton,
6) ........as kickinga ballor smiling,may
in a certaindirection.
Evenquitesimpleactions,
involveseveralmusclegroupsworkingtogether.
Smoothmuscles
arefoundin mostof the body'sinternalorgans.Forexample,smooth
musclesin our stomachand intestinemovefood throughour digestivesystem.Tiny
to light.All smooth
muscles
in our eyes7) ........the pupilbiggeror smallerin response
8) ........our thinkingaboutit, and so theyare
muscles
contractand relaxautomatically,
calledinvoluntary
muscles.
group,
The third
cardiacmuscle,is foundonlyin the wallsof the heart.Thesemuscles
regularrhythmto pump blood9) ........our
and relaxautomatically
in a powerful,
contract
a minute,
70
times
every10).....,..minuteof our
heart
an
average
of
about
body.Our
beats
lives,withouteverresting.
W Reading & Listening
'l
Whatkindof muscledo we use
whenwe move,twist,dance,
walk,run,lift weights,
etc?Read
throughandcheck.
Readthe text and,for eachgap,
choosethe correctword,A, B,C
or D. Compare
answers
with
yourpartner.
Listenandcheck.
Explain
thewordsin bold.Then,
in pairs,askandanswer
questions
basedon the text.
*
4
Speoking
Makenotesunderthe headinqs.
Useyournotesto givea short
presentation
aboutmuscles
to
.
the class.whyweneedmuscles
. whatmuscles
. whot
aremade.of
typesof muscles
thereare . what
'each
typecando
'.
1 A unless
B whether
C either
D
2 A weren't
B couldn't
C wouldn't
D mustn't
3 A other
B new
C different
Dor
4 A have
B need
C are
D can
5 A with
Bat
Cto
Don
6 A like
Bso
C same
D such
7 Ado
B make
C have
D get
8 A wrthout
ovaont
in <nita
D beside
9 A across
between
arouno
D over
10
A one
B singl.e
-, .,.!.,::Jil,?1y.,,,,.,,.,,'?'-.1ffi*'','*,*'
w Project
ln groups,
collectinformation
aboutthe humanheart
Prepare
muscles.
a Didyouknor,vi
articlefor the school
Writea shortparagraph
magazine.
whatthe
explaining
heartdoesandhow,thenlistinteresting
facts.
121
-
-
-:
-
--:l
" , : " - : , - - - . " ,- * . :
'*
t-
,*
o,
'
*
-:
Vocabulary& Gramnrcar
U s eo f E n g l i s h
Fillin the gapswith the correet
word.
Complete
the second
sentence
sothat it means
the sameas the first. Useno morethan four
words.
1 We had roastlambfor the
. course.
2 Youshouldn'tdrinktoo manyfizzy.
3 We
giftson NewYear'sEve
Why don'tyoujoin the gym?
lf I wereyou,
4 C a nI h a v et h e
. . . . . .f o r t h i sc a k e p, l e a s e ?
5 A
. of lightninglit up the sky.
It'stoo coldto go to the beach
It isn't
to go to the beach
I likeplayingcricketmorethanfootball.
I prefer. . ...
football
6 Shesavesher moneyfor a .. .
. day.
7 S c h o o l.s. . .
. u p f o r t h e s u m m e hr o l i d a y s
o n 13 t h J u n e .
8 The
of wolveshowledall nightlong
It seemslikehe'sgoodat tennis.
H em u s t. . . .
t e n n i sp l a y e r
5 | haven'tbeenjoggingfor ages.
jogging
I t ' sa l o n gt i m e.
9 A n n i s n ' tv e r yw e l l S h e ' fse e l i n g . . . . . . . .. t h e
weatner
1 0 W e ' r el o o k i n g. . . . .
the gym.
t o o u rh o l i d a y
(10marks)
(10marks)
4
Circle
the correct
item.
Listento the lions
A hissing
B howling
C roaring
T h e yd a n c e d
t i l l t h e. . . . . h o u r s .
A early
B later
C soon
chicken
ishealthier
thanfriedchicken
A Grated
B Mashed C Grilled
Inthe summerhespends
everydayat the ....
A beach
B coast
C shore
Therewereover5,000....
at the match
A audiences B spectators C viewers
Sorrywe were late.We were
badweather.
A put
B drawn
Takeyour coat- it'sa bit
A scorching B chilly
We havea new football..
A pitch
B court
Fillin the correctword derivedfrom the word
inbold.
'l A clown provided
the
. at the
party
child's
birthday
EI\ITERTAIN
2 The paradeat the NottingHill Carnivalwas
livelyand
COLOUR
On Sundays,
families
in Brrtan sit downto eat
a.
. roastdinner
TRADITION
G u yF a w k e sN' i g h ti s a p o p u l a r. . . . . . .
i nt h eU K
CELEBRATE
5 Boxingis a
get hurt
cnnri-
Ponnla
nftan
DANGER
(10marks)
up by the
Communication
C held
outsr0e
a
!
+"^^-i^^
r Es4il rv
at our school
L
flnk
Kenreallyloves. .
salmon
A oily
B smoked C bitter
Completethe exchanges.
a T h e r ei sg o n g t o b e a h e a r w a v e l
b Er . not exactly
c lt'sn-"xtto the changingrooms
d H a v ey o u b e e nw a i t i n gl o n g ?
e W h a t ' st h e w e a t h e lri k et o d a y ?
10 Couldvou please
somecheese?
A chop
B boil
C grate
(10marks)
122
:'.,':,,.,,,,.,-,,,,"',,,%
1 A :
B : Yes- abouttwenty minutesso far.
2 A .
B : It'sfineat the moment
3 A : Excuse
me,where'sthe swimmingpool?
B:
4 A Areyou eatingplentyof healthyfood?
B:
5 A : What's the weather forecast for the
weekend?
(10marks)
Listening
Youwill heara conversation
betweena
doctorandhispatient.Decideif eachsentence
istrueor false,andput a tick(/) in the correct
box.
True False
E E
2 Lisadoesn'teat manyfruit
^^-l
cru
,,^^^+-l-l^vcgcLdurtr)
3 Shedoesn'texercise
much.
4 Sheis in the swimmingteam
5 Thedoctorgiveshersome
medicine.
Readthearticle
andfillin thegapswith theword
that fits best.
8
**GET
ACTIVEI
Stop makingexcuses!
Everyone
has time to do at leasi
1)
littlebitof exercise
getting
a day,evenif it means
off
B:
1 Lisais verysick.
Reading
E tl
T E
E E
E E
( 1 0marks)
Writing
Thisis an e-mailfromyourfriend,who is not
feelingherself.
2) .. busonestopearlier
ortaking
thestairs
instead
of thelift
**CUTITOUT!
Stopsittingin 3)
games
of theTVandplaying
computer
allnight.Tryto lookat exercise
asfunlNotonlywillyougetfit,
but it isalsoa goodopportunity
to meetupwithyourfrrends
and4) .... a goodtime
**EXERCISE
REGULARLY
Youshould
tryto exercise
3-5timesa week5) .,.. around
30
minutes
a time Youcango dancing,
do aerobics
or even
6).... bungee-jumping
* * D U MTPH E
JUNK
juicyburgers
junk
Love
buthavenoideawhatbroccoli
is?Fating
foodoncein a whilewon'tdoyoumuchharm,buteating
it all
thetimewillhavea badeffect7)
..,.yourhealth,
nowand
8) .
thefuture,
** YOUAREWHAT
YOUEAT
Youmusttry9)
eata 'balanced'
diet- thisisa dietthat
includes
a combination
10) .,.. severaldifferent
foodtypeslt
grainsand pulses,
shouldinclude
freshfruit andvegetables,
meat,dairyproducts
andfatsandoils.
Hi Patty,
Howareyou?I haven'tbeenfeelingso great
Nffifff #mfl,,,
o
a
a
a
a
a
Writea replyto yourfriendgivingheradvice
andtipson howshecanlookandfeel
(100-120words)
healthier.
a
talkandwriteaboutfestivals
talkaboutsports
places
& sports
probability/possibility
express
askfor & givedirections
avoiddirectanswers
writean informal
e-mail
invitation
writea survey
report
.,..."$$tt
m*ru#$i-$,h
123
W Speoking
a. Lookat the energysources
in
the box.Whichare:renewable?
non+enewable?
. coal. gas . geothermal
. hydroelectric
. nuclear. oil
. Sglar. WaVe. Wind
b. Whichenergysources
do you
thinkarekindto the
environment,
andwhich
damage
the environment?
Discuss
it in pairs.
W Reading&Listening
2
Listenandreadthe text to check
if youranswers
werecorrect.
Whichformof energyfrom
Ex.1ais not mentioned?
3
a , Readthe text againand
completethe sentences
in
your own words.
,|
Burningfossilfuelsreleases
..
2 Knownoil and gasreserves
will
d i s a p p e ianr. . .
Renewable
energysources
never...
4 Thesun'senergycan
5 Hot springs
can. .
6 We shouldtry to
b. Explain
thewordsin bold.
W Project
Makea solarhotdogcooker
at
home.
You will need: a long, narrow
cardboardbox; maskingtape; tin
foil;stiffcardboard;
a pieceof wire;
and,of course,
a hot dog sausage
124
*f
srJsFts
In the 21stcentury,
ourneedfor energyis greaterthanit has
everbeen.Fossilfuels likecoal,oil and gas wereformed
millions
of yearsago,andwhenpowerstations
burnthemto
create electricity,
they releaseharmfulgases into the
atmosphere.
Theremay be enoughcoal to last for a few
years,but knownoil andgas reserves
hundred
willrunout in
lessthan50 years- andthenwhatwillwe do?
Manyscientists
suggestturninglo renewable
energy,which
meanssourcesof energythat will neverrun out,lt can be
produced
usingthe wind,the sun,wavesor hot springs.
The
wind can turn largeturbinesto produceelectricity,
while
energyfromthesuncanbe collected
in panelsandstoredin
batteries.
Themovement
of theseacanalsobe changed
into
electrical
energyby usingwavemachines
parts
and,in
of the
worldwherethereis volcanic
activity,
hotsprings
canproduce
geothermal
energy,Unlikenuclearpower,these are safe
sources
of energy
thatdon'tpollute
theenvironment.
Ourdependence
on fossilfuelshasto endsoon,Let'shope
thatby thetimeallthereserves
aregone,therewillbe enough
alternative
sourcesof efficientenergyavailable,
ln the
meantime,
whydon'twe try to reducethe amountof energy
thatwe use?
Instructions:
1 Cut a curveinto eachlong sideof the box.
( F i g1 )
2 Cut out a pieceof cardboard
that will fit into
the curvein the box and stick it on using
masking
tape.(Fig.2)
Gluea pieceof tin foil to the top pieceof
cardboard,
shinysideout. Don't wrinklethe
tin foil.(Fig.3)
4 Attach a piece of cardboardwith a hole
punchedin it to eachsideof the box.putyour
hot dogsausage
on thewireandstickthewrre
throughthe two holes(Fig.4)
5 Thesun'sheatenergywill be directed
ontothe
pointwherethe hot dog isandwillcookit!
@
ffi*:adlrx1p
#;^*itx**tzrmri
Whatisthesummer
Whatdatedoesit falion?
solstice?
Lookat the statements
anddecideif theyaretrueor false.
1 Thesummer
solstice
istheshortest
dayof theyear
girlsputbirchtwigsundertheirpillows
2 In Sweden,
people
3 At Stonehenge,
don'tsleep
thenightbefore
the summersolstice.
4
In somepartsof Estonia.
theyburnhouses
girlsthrowflowersintothe sea
5 In Poland,
Listenandreadto checkyouranswers.
i
t
r
'
:t'V:l{,i;tl/'"&{2'*
(1-4)tothe countries
Matchthe pictures
rnentioned
in the
text.
Explain
thewordsin bold.
lsthe summer
solstice
celebrated
in yourcountry?
lf it is,in what
way is it celebrated?
Teilthe
class.
UnitedKingdom
Poland
The area around the famous 4,000-year-old
monumentof Stonehenge
comes alive on the
morningof the summersolstice,
asthousands
of
people come to watch the sun rise over
Salisbury Plain. People dance around the
standing stones all night unril the light of the
risingsun touchesthe monument's
stones,then
loud cheers ring out.
In Poland,
especially
in the EasternPomeranian
and
Kashubian
regionsof norchernPoland,Midsummer
is celebratedon June 23rd. People dress lil<e
dangeroussea pirates,and girls throw wreaths
made of flowers into the Baltic Sea. The
MidsummerDay celebrationstartsat about 8 pm
andlastsall nightuntilsunrise.
Estonia
Sweden
In Sweden,the summersolsticeis an important
festival.In the north,duringthe summermonths,
the sun does not set at all!There is daylight24
hours a day!At Midsummer,many people leave
their city dwellingsto go into the countryside
and communewith nature.They light bonfires
and there is lots of singingand dancingarounda
midsummer pole. People decorate their
homeswith flowers and birch branches. Girls
go to the fieldsto gather sevendifferentkinds
of wild flowers and grasses.
They believethat if
they sleepwith thesetucked undertheir pillow,
Estonianscelebrate"Jaani6htu"('John'sNight"
in English)with bonfires on the eve of the
summer solstice.On the islandsof Saaremaa
and Hiiumaa,
old fishingboatsmaybe burnt.On
Estonians
all aroundthe country will
JaaniShtu,
gatherwith their families,or at largerevents,to
celebratethis important day with singingand
dancingas Estonianshave done for centuries.
The celebrationsthat accompany Jaani6htu
are the largestand most importantof the year.
theywi||dream;f.n"::*:u'".,,..'|.:,.:o::o,""a$!y]j]-ilil+6..].i.iiriBl"j]i;!r4'fnji1'+,1rj,!]'].h{{.-|i
W Project- Buildyour own
Stonehenge
Readthe instructions
andexplain
the wordsin bold.Followthe
instructions
andmakean
astronomical
calendar;
basedon a
small-scale
copyof Stonehenge.
1 Find a locationnear your house with unobstructedviews of the
easternandwesternhorizons.
lf Voucanfindonewith a 360. horizon
view,allthebetter.
Placethe referencepole at the centrepoint of a circleand olace
yourcompasson top of it.
Finddue northand, usingthe rope, placea stone marker or stick
15 metresnorthof the centre.
4 Repeatthe processfor east,southand west.
6
Againusingthe rope,placemarkerstoneseveryfew metresaround
the perimeterof your circle.The centreof the circlenow becomes
your fixed referencepoint, and the westward-facing
perimeteris
whereyou'llbe placingthe sunsetmarkers.
On solsticeday, markthe pointof sunsetwith a stick.Tagthe stick
with the date.
7 Repeatthe processeverysevendays. You will see that the sun
sets at a slightlydifferentpointeverytime. lt 'walks'backand forth
along the westernhorizonbetweenthe Tropicsof Capricornand
Cancer.When you have finished(in a year'stime) you will havea
workingastronomical
calendar!
127
W 6 * * *
@
w
'1f,
Father'sDa/, Fother'sDo/,
w
ffi
%
@
@
It's thetirnewhenwes(/)/,
l,l&
"Thankyoa, Fotherdeor."
,&
%
it is olmosthere.
Wz
@
Hugsandkissesto my dod-
**
whendoyou..,.or.iJot*'
W@'
%
USA,UK, Canadaand most partsof the
world- thirdSundayin June
Australia,New Zealand- firstSundayin
Seotember
- 1 9M a r c h
S p a i nB, e l g i u m
Sweden- secondSundavin November
A: Whendotheycelebrate
FatheftDayin theUK?
B: Onthethird
Sunday
inJune.
sr
Father'sDoy,Father'sDoy,
w
Father's
Dayin yourcountry?
Whendo peoplecelebrate
Father's
Dayin other
countries?
Usethe information
in the tablebelowto actoul
exchanges,
asin the example.
d;{z
%
it is olmosthere,
w
w
Readthetitleandthe
w
I loveyou,
w
%t
w
V;l
Fotherdeorl
*w%*
" 2
Howmuchdo you knowaboutthe historyof Father's
Day?Whereandwhendid it start?Who
startedit?Why?Listenandreadto check.
.&
Day privatelywith his family in 1916, people
Wffi i, generally
agreedthat an American
lady
namedSonoraLouiseSmartDoddfirsthadthe idea seemedto lose interestin the idea. However,
President
CalvinCoolidge
gavehissupportin 1924,
of a "Father'sDay" celebration.
Her motherhad
that Father'sDay should
diedwhenshewasyoung,andso herfatherhadto when he recommended
becomean officialnationalholiday.Unfortunately,
bringup Sonora
andherfivebrothers
andsisters
on
morewasdone
his own. Becausehe was such a good father, manyyearspassedbeforeanything
Sonorawantedto find a way to honourhim and to makethisofficial.
The next important step towards official
thankhimforwhathehaddone.
recognition
camejust overforty yearslater,when
Shefoundtheway in 1909,whilelistening
to a
President
Lyndon
announced
in 1966that
Johnson
sermon
for Mother'sDay.Shethoughtthereshould
Father's
Daywould be an officialnationalholiday,
be a similarcelebration
to honourpeoplelikeher
settingthe
dateasthethirdSunday
inJune.
Evenso,
own father.Shefoundthat localleaders
supported
wasnotofficially
recognised
until1972,
her idea, and the very first Father'sDay was theholiday
when PresidentRichardNixonsignedthe law that
celebrated
in Spokane,
Washin$on,on 19 June
made Father's Day a permanent
holidayto be
1910. lt is saidthatshechosethedatebecause
June
inJune.
wasthemonthin whichherfatherhadbeenborn. celebratedeveryyear on thethirdSunday
The ideafor celebrating
Father'sDay did not
catchon veryquickly.AlthoughPresident
Woodrow
Wilsongavehis approvalby celebrating
Father's
3
Complete
the timelinewith information
from
the text:
1909
1910
1916
1924
1966
- Sonora
1909
DoddgetstheideaforFatheft
Daywhilelistening
toa Mothels
Daysermon.
4
1972
r;si$\tui-"fr,jimfrtiii#*!,1[6irii,fs;r#"ll{Aiilitiil!'iii4iinH6'\liri
'';f]'r'J'j':n'
Readthe textagainanddecide
whetherthe statements
beloware
true(T)or false(F).
1 Sonora's
fatherhadto bringup sixchildren.
2 At first,Sonoradid not find anybody
who likedher idea.
3 Peoplewereslowto startcelebrating
Father'sDay
4 Father's
Daybecamea nationalholidayin 1924
5 Father's
Dayrsnow celebrated
in the USon the samedayeveryyear
iwli'w
d tu *6*rste6?1*efi?sh*
!6{ tf*
*t bea$ dq@*
ffi$nrffi
#r*n&m*S;tftp*r
H
he,
t!$Fs!
tt}
sj,d!#if*i4i{ist
W Project
In pairs,decide
whatyoucoulddo to celebrate
Father's
Day.Thinkabout:
o presents
(eg. handmade
or boughtcard,clothes,
etc)
&
@tr4
o activities
(e.gsurprise
party,
eatingout,etc)
129
*}
Buildingtownsandcitieswasour onlygoal
Nowtheanimalsaresearching
for thehomeswestole
All theywantis safetyandsomepeace
of 1).................
Can'tyouhearthem2).................out
to humankind?
Listen,everybody,
to thecall of thewild
Callingeveryadult,andcallingeverychild
Callingoutfor help,for a wayto survive
Cailingoutfor freedom,
andtrying to stayalive
theforests,
wedestroyed
We3)
theland
give
it's
Now timeto
theanirnalsa helping4)
with somuchto give
Werea luckyspecies,
give
Can'twe
theanimalsa placeto live?
Thinkof all theanimalswholivein 5).................
If wedon'thelpthemsoon,theycouldall disappear
Wehaveall thepower,wecouldhelpthemall
greatandsmall?
Can'twework"to6)......"..........
all creatures,
Lookat the pictures
andthe title.What
problems
do animals
face?
Readthesongandfill in the gapswith words
fromthe list.Listenandcheck.
. cutdown . mind. hand
. save. calling. fssp
Howdoesthesingerfeelaboutanimais?
What
message
doesthe songcarry?
Project:Workin groups.Collectinformation
aboutwhatproblems
animals
faceandwhat
we cando to helpthemsurvive.
Present
it to
the class.
In pairs,discuss
the followingsayings.
Whatdo
theymean?
Aretheresimilar
sayings
in your
language?
o A r - t i o n s n p a kl o rr d er l [ g p qw O f d s .
o Prevention
isbetterthancure.
Lookat the pictures.
Howaretheyrelatedto
(in
thetitleof the song?Readthe chorus
italics)
andcheck.
2
Readandlisten.
Whatisthe singer's
attitude
towardslife?
Whichadjectives
bestdescribe
the way the
singerfeels?
Givereasons.
o positrve
. optimistic
o patiento stressed
" bored
4
In pairs,discuss
whetheryouagreeor disagree
with the singer.
'ij
From the day our lives begin
iMe start to learn in many ways
\f/e iook around and take things in
And precior-lslessonsfill our days
The road through life is very trong
And lessonswait at every turn
S/e'resometimesright,we're sornetirleswfong
In pairs,discuss
the followingsayings.
Whatdo
theymean?
Aretheresimilar
sayings
in your
language?
o Patrence
isa virtue
. Nothing
gained.
ventured,
nothing
. Lovemakes
theworldqo round
T h a r ' s r l - r ew r l
n e ljyg and learn
Watching others lets utskmow
What to clo anctr,what to say
Wecbange slowfit as u)egrow
Learning lessonsevery day
Everything we ever do
Brings a chanceto learn great thrngs
\(/e're always learning something new
With the lessonseach day brings
Lookat the pictures.
Howdo theymakeyou feel?
If you look after nature, too
Every sunset, every snowflake
Every storm and every earthquake
Every raindrop, every flower
Is a sign of nature's power
Every noisy roll of thunder
Shows the power we are under
Lightning strikes and hailstones fall
Nature's power controls it all
From roaring lion to purring cat
Thesephrases
appearin the song.Whatdo youthinkthe song
isabout?Listen,
readandcheck.
. showrespect. carefor nature. lookafternature
o nature's
power " lightning
strikes. roaring
lion . gives
life
Labelthe pictures
with wordsfromthe poem.
4
132
Whyshouldwe respect
nature,
according
to the singer?
5
In pairs,discuss
the following
sayings.
Whatdo theymean?Do
youagreewith them?Arethere
s i m i l asra y i n gi sn y o u rl a n g u a g e ?
. There's
nosmoke
withoutfire.
. Lightning
never
strikes
inthe
sameplace
twice
:{'#trcre
i'MM6K
M{g##i',..N,%
&p
/;
7'&l,/B
*%w
We makeour own luckin life
lf we work hard,we succeed
qualities
Findyourgreatest
Followwhereyour dreamsmay lead
It is hardto reachthe top
It takesdriveand it takeszeal
Findyourpassion,
searthyoui,so.u,t
,:
Findyourdreamandmakeit;i,€a[]
.,t
l'
'
""'
.,'.,::,:.,';;;:,t':tt'.',,,
'
Youcan be a greatsuccess ,,', ,'1,,,
,r,,,,.,t**rrrr*urry:,6tril:r,
.
@
,rF -
,1.
i ,,1 ..,,
-,,&|r/4w
Readthe title.Discuss
how youcan
"makeyourdreams
cometrue".
Listenandread.Arethereanyof your
ideasfromEx.1 in thesong?
Whatadvicewouldyougiveto a 16year-old
abouthow to havea great
life?Discuss
in pairs.
4
In pairs,discuss
the followingsayings.
Whatdo theymean?
Aretheresimilar
in yourlanguage?
sayings
. Makehaywhilethesunshines.
. lf a job isworthdoing,it'sworthdoingwell.
. Failure
teaches
success.
. Easier
saidthandone.
. Theendirrstifies
themeans.
o Thefirststenisthehardest.
133
I
Lookat the pictures.
Howarethey
relatedto the title of the song?Listen,
readandcheck.
ffi
.,,:;,,,,,
,,.t:,:
2
a. Readthe song.Whatdoes
someone
haveto do,according
to
the singer;
to "be the best"?
WM
ffiffiffiw
b. Doyouagreewith the singer?
Discuss
in pairs.
Doyou havea healthylifestyle?
Tell
yourpartner.
In pairs,discuss
the following
sayings.
Whatdo theymean?Doyouagree
with them?Aretheresimilar
sayings
in
yourlanguage?
Thereis nothingyoucan'tdo
Thegreatest
thingthatyoucan O O
ls makesureyou livehealthily
Lookafteryourselfeveryday
Be the bestthatyou can be
Exercise,
watchwhatyou eat
And get plentyof sleepat night
Yourbodyhasto lasta lifetime
So you needto treatit right
Giveyourselfwhatyou deserve
Stayin shapeandyou'llgo far
By workingoutand keepingfit
Youcan be a superstar
U n i t1
What canyou seein the pictures?
Wherearethe people?What clothesaretheywearing?
What arethey doing?How do theyfeel?
B
Yourpictures
showpeopledoingthingsat home.Now talk togetheraboutthe thingsyou like/don't
l i k ed o i n ga t h o m e .
135
U n i t4
What canyou seein the pictures?
Wherearethe people?What clothesaretheywearing?
What arethey doing?How do they feel?
Yourpictures
showpeoplestudying.Nowtalk togetheraboutthe roleof computers
in education
U n i t6
What canyou seein the pictures?
Wherearethe people?What clothesaretheywearing?
What aretheydoing?How do theyfeel?
Yourpictures
showpeoplecommunicating
in differentways.Now talk togetheraboutthe waysyou
l i k e / d o n l' it k et o c o m m u n i c a w
t ei t h v o u rf r i e n d s .
137
U n i t7
. What canyou seein the pictures?
. Wherearethe people?What clothesaretheywearing?
o What aretheydoing?How Cotheyfeel?
w
t
r::,:1"'rl
Yourpictures
showpeopleworkingin differentplaces.
Now talk togetherabouta lob you would like
t o d o a n da j o b y o uw o u l dn o t l i k et o d o
138
U n i t1 0
o What canyou seein the pictures?
. Wherearethe people?What clothesaretheywearing?
. What aretheydoing?How do theyfeel?
Yourpictures
showpeopleeating,or aboutto eat,in differentplaces.
Now talk togetherabout
placesyou go to whenyou want to eat out.
139
U n i t2
o Youareplanningactivities
for Environment
Day.Talktogetheraboutthe variousthingsyou cando
to celebrate
the day,andthen decidewhichactivities
arethe mostsuitable.
ll
lri
i
:
U n i t3
Y o ua r ep l a n n i n tgo g o o n h o l i d a w
y i t h y o u rf r i e n dT. a l kt o g e t h ear b o u tt h e v a r i o utsh i n g sy o u c a n
y
o
u
r
do on
h o l i d a ya,n dt h e nd e c i d ew h i c ht h i n g sy o uw i l l e n j o ym o s t .
140
U n i t5
o Youareplanningto havea partyto celebrate
the end of the schoolyear.Talktogetheraboutthe
thingsyou needfor the party,andthen decidewhichthingsyourguestswill enjoymost.
..,,,,g.:l::::,:l
;:t$ll,:.::1:,$
ffi
J#
r)
:
-
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.
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.
i
:
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.
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U n i t8
'
A friendof yourswantsto knowwhat to do to makehishousesafer.Talktogetheraboutthe thingsyour
friendcando to makehishousesafer;
andthendecidewhicharethe mostimportant
thingsto do.
141
,r19, -rll,,L:arlllElllirl
, :
ritir:
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itj
U n i t9
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142
Youareplanningto spenda summer's
dayin the countryside
Theweatheris goingto be changeable
Talktogetheraboutthe thingsyou cantakewith you,and then decidewhicharethe mostimportant
to take.
GrammarReference
U n i t1
Present
Simple
andPresent
Continuous
We usethe presentsimplefor:
r factsand ncrmancrltstates Rebecca
livesinAustralia.
. generaltruthsand lawsof nature Lecyes
fallin autumn.
o habitsand routines(with always,usually,etc).Shevisifs
herhqirdressers
everymonth.
r timetablesand programmes(in the future) Thebus
Ieavesat 7 o'clockinthemorning.
. sportingcommentaries,
reviewsand narrations.
goesto theball,andmeetstheprince.
Cinderella
. feelingsand emotionsllikePaul.Heisa niceboy.
We usethe presentcontinuous(to be + verb -ing):
. for actionstaking placeat or aroundthe momentof
speakingJackie
iswotchingafilm.
r for temporarysituations WearetravellingaroundEurope
thismonth.
. for fixedarrangements
in the nearfuture /om meeting
a friendat theshoppingcentrethisafternoon.
. f o r c u r r e n t l yc h a n g i n ga n d d e v e l o p i nsgi t u a t i o n sI h
.e
earthis gettingwarmerand warmer.
o with adverbssuchasalwaysto express
angeror irritatlon
at a repeated action Sheis alwayscomplainingabout
everytntng.
Stative
Verbs
Stativeverbsareverbswhich describe
a stateratherthan an
action,and so do not usuallV
havea continuous
tense These
verbsare:
. verbsof the senses(see,heaLsmell,taste, feel, look,
sound, seem,appear, etc) Theperfumesmells
nice.
(knoW believe,understand,
verbsof perception
realise,
remember,forget, etc) I understand
howyoufeel.
. verbswhich expressfeelingsand emotions(like, love,
hate, prefer,detest, desire,want, etc).lhateexercising.
o someotherverbs(be,contain,include,belong,fit, need,
matte1 cost, own, want, owe, weigh, wish, have,
keep, etc) Thiscarbelongsto me.
Someof theseverbscan be used.incontinuoustenses.but
with a difference
,n meaning
.
THINK
Ithinkhe'slying.G believe) lom thinkingaboutcuttingmy
hair.(= 6rnconsidering)
HAVE
Shehasa beautiful,large
house.(= own, possess
)
lam havinga nicetime.
(= am experiencing)
Heishavinga bath.
( = i st a k i n g )
Wearehavingbreakfast.
(= areeating)
5EE
I canseethatyou'vedecoratedl'm seeingmy bossaftermy
yourflat.(= it isvisible)
(= am meeting)
lunchbreak.
I seewhathemeans.
(= understand)
TASTE
Thefishtostessalty.
(= it is,hasthe flavourofl
laneistastingthesaucetoseeif it
hasenoughpepper(= i51"t,rnn,
SMELL
Thisrubbishsmellsawful.
(= hasthe aroma)
5heissmellingtheperfume.
(= issniffing)
APPEAR
Theyappearto bebored.
(= seemsto)
Sheis appearingon stagefor
firsttime.(= is performing)
FIT
Thedressdoesn'tfit her.
(= it'stoo tight)
Michaelisfitting
somenewshelves
(= isattaching)
onthewalls.
Note:
. The verbs look (when we refer to somebody's
appearance),
feel (experiqnce
a particular
emotion),hurt
and ache can be usedin simpleor continuoustenses
with no difference
in meaning.
Myarmhurts. = Myarmishurting.
Present
Perfect
We usethe presentperfect(have+ past participle)for:
. a n a c t i o nt h a t h a p p e n e da t a n u n s t a t e dt i m e i n t h e
p a s t T h e e m p h a s iiss o n t h e a c t i o n t: h e t i m e w h e n i t
occurredis unimportantor unknown. lhavepaintedthe
room.Peterhaswrittentwo books.
an actionwhichsiartedin the pastand continuesup to
the present,especially
with stativeverbs(seeaoove,r
suchas be, have,like, know, etc lhavehadthiscarfor
fiveyears.
c
a recentlycompletedaction.l'yewashedthedishes.
a
personal
experiences
or changesShehasput on weight.
143
Grammar
Reference
:t
larlrl
!
:rii
.:.:
decidedthat sth is necessary.
Theteachertold
usthatwehqveto
studyall thechaptersfor theexam.
Note:Must and haveto havedifferentmeanings
in questions.
DoI haveto go to thewedding?
(lsit necessary
for me ..?)Mustyou
playyourtrumpet
(Doyou insist
soloudly?
thatL..?)
Present
Perfect
Contin
uous
We usethe presentperfectcontinuous
(have+ been + vero
-ing):
.
t o p u t e m p h a s ios n t h e d u r a t i o no f a n a c t i o nw h i c h
startedin the past and continuesup to the present/
havebeenstudyingall afternoon.
for an actionwhich startedin the past and lastedfor
s o m et i m e l t m a y s t i l l b e c o n t i n u i n go r h a s f i n i s h e d
alreadywith the resultvisiblein the presentHe's
covered
in mudbecause
hehasbeenworkingon thefarmall day.
to expressanger,irritationor annoyanceShehasbeen
usingmybikewithoutmypermission.
f o r r e p e a t e da c t i o n si n t h e p a s t c o n t i n u i n gt o t h e
present Shelookstiredbecauseshehas beenwaking up
reallyearlyIately.
Should/Oughtto: Expresses
weakobligation/duty
Theseare
less emphaticthan must/have to Weshouldchanqethe
bathroomcurtainssoon.
Need: lt is necessary
to NeedIwakeupearlytomorrow?
Note: Needcan be usedas a modalverbor as a mainverb
with no changein meaning NeedI dresswellfor thisparty?/Do
t
needto dress...?
Absence
of necessitv
Needn't/Don'thaveto/Don't needto + presentinfinitive:
lt isn't necessary
to do sth (in the presenVfuture)
Youdon't
needto washthedishes.
I havea washinq
machine.
Prohibition
Mustn't/Can't:lt is forbiddent o d o s t h ; i t i s a g a i n s t h e
rules/law,you are not allowedto do sth. Youmustn't/can't
touchanythingin themuseum.
Ability/Permission
Note: with the verbslive,work, teach and feel we can use
the presentperfector the presentperfectcontinuouswith
no differencein meaning Hehasworked/has
beenworkingin
thiscompanyforsevenyears.
U n i t2
Modals
Modalscan/could,may/might, rnust/haveto, ought to,
shall/shoulw
d ,i l l / w o u l d :
r don't take-s,-ing or -ed suffixes
. arefollowedby the bareinfinitive
. comebeforethe subiectin ouestions
and are followed
by not in negations
. don't havetensesin the normalsenseWhenfollowedby
a barepresentinfinitive,
they referto an uncompleted
actionor state(i e presentor future);when followedby
the bare perfectinfinitive,they referto a completed
acttonor state
ObIigation/Duty/N
ecessity
Must: a) Expresses
duty,strongobligationto do sth or that
sth is essentialWe generally
usemust when the speakerhas
decidedthat sth is necessary
I mustcorrecttheseessays
today.
b) Must is also used to give strong advice youmustpay
attentiontoyourteacher.
Have to: Expresses
strong necessity/obligation,
We usually
u s e h a v et o w h e n s o m e b o d o
y t h e r t h a n t h e s p e a k ehr a s
144
Can: expresses
abilityin the presenl.Hecanplaythepiano
reallywell.
Could: expresses
abilityin the past Hecouldswimveryfast
whenhe wasa child.
Can/Could/May/Might...?: we use the structuresto ask
p e r m i s s i ot o
n d o s o m e t h i n gC o u l da n d m a y a r em o r ep o l i t e
t h a nc a n .M i g h t i sf o r m a l
(informal)
CanI stayforlunchZ
Could/May/Might
I closethewindow?(formal)
W e c a n / c o u l d. . ./ 5 h a l lw e . . . ? :t o m a k es u g g e s t i o n s
Wecan/couldgo to a nicerestaurantthisevening.
FutureTenses
F u t u rS
ei m p l e
We usethe futuresimple(will + bareinfinitive)for:
n decisions
madeat the momentof speakinolm tired.fll
go to bed.
r p r e d i c t i o nasb o u tt h e f u t u r e ,b a s e do n w h a t w e t h i n k ,
b e l i e v eo r i m a g i n e ,u s i n gt h e v e r b st h i n k , b e l i e v e ,
expect,etc;the expressions
be sure,be afraid,etc;and
the adverbsprobably,certainly,perhaps,etc l'msure
hewillcallsoon.
. promrses,
threats,warnings,requests,
hopesand offers
Willyouhelpmetidytheroom?
o a c t i o n se, v e n t ss, i t u a t i o nws h i c hw i l l d e f i n i t e lhy a p p e n
in the futureand whichwe can'tcontrol Jennvwillbe5
yearsoldnextweek.
GrammarReference
R
pn
n i n nr : , tL nv
eL
yv,,
We usebegoingto.
o for plans,intentionsor ambitionsfor the future 5he3
goingto becomea dancerwhenshegrowsup.
o actionswe have alreadydecidedto do in the near
future.Paulisgoingto visithisauntthisweekend.
. predictions
basedon what we canseeor what we know,
especially
when there rs evidencethat somethingwill
happen,Lookout!Thatbranchisgoingto fallontotheroad.
We usefuture formswith:
. when, when it is usedasa questionword Whenwillyou
begoingskiing?
. iflwhether - after expressions
which show unceftainty/
ignoranceetc, suchas I don't know, I doubt, I wonder,
I'm not sure,etc I doubtwhethershewillcometo worktoday.
U n i t3
PastTenses
P:ct Simnlo
W e u s et h e p a s ts i m p l e :
Future
Continuous
We usethe futurecontinuous
(will be + verb -ing):
. for actionswhich will be in progress
at a statedfuture
trme lhls timenextweek,I'll be exploringEgypt.
o f o r a c t i o nw
s h i c hw i l l d e f i n i t e lhya p p e ni n t h e f u t u r ea s
the resultof a routineor arrangementtwillbetravelling
withmy companynextweek
' w h e n w e a s k p o l i t e l ya b o u t s o m e o n e 'psl a n sf o r t h e
nearfuture Willyoubefinishingyourphonecallsoon?
for an actionthat occurredat a definitetime (statedor
implied)in the past Hefinishedhisprojectat l l o'clock.
f o r a c t i o n st h a t h a p p e n e di m m e d i a t e l ya f t e r o n e
anotherin the past Shewoke
upandopenedthewindow.
for habitsor stateswhichare now finishedMaryplayed
in musicconcertswhenshewasa child.
Notethat usedto/would canalsobe usedinsteadof the
pastsimplefor habtts/repeated
actionsin the past
FuturePerfect
.
We usethe future perfect(will have + past particle)
for actlonsthat will havefinishedbeforea certaintime
in the future lwill havegraduatedbytheendof
thisyear.
Past
Continuous
W e u s et h e p a s tc o n t i n u o u s
Future PerfectContinuous
.
We usethe futureperfectcontinuous(will havebeen+
verb-ing)to emphasise
the durationof an actionup to a
statedtime in the future Thefutureperfectcontinuous
is usedwith: by ... for. Bytheendof themonth,t will have
beenplayingprofessional
tennisfor threeVears.
f o r a n a c t i o nw h r c hw a s i n p r o g r e s w
s hen another
actioninterruptedit. We use the past continuousfor
the actionin progress
(the longeraction),and the past
simplefor the actionwhich interruptedit (the shorter
actlon) I waswatchingW whenthedoorbell
rang.
for two or moresimultaneous
actionsin the past./wos
tidyingmyroomwhilemysisterwascookinga meal.
for an actionwhichwas in progress
at a statedtime in
the past We don't mentionwhen the actionstarreoor
finished At 9 o'clockyesterday
morningI wasdrivingto work.
to describethe atmosphere,setting etc and to give
backgroundinformationto a story The wind was
blowing and the dogs were barking. Somebodywas
knockingon thedoor.
Note: When there are two past continuousforms in a
sentencewith the samesubject,we can avoidrepetitionby
j u s t u s i n gt h e p r e s e npt a r t i c i p l(e- i n gf o r m )a n d l e a v i n go u t
the verb to be Shewascookinga meal,shewaslistening
to the
radio.= Shewascookinga mealandlisteningto theradio.
145
Grarnmar
Reference
Say - Tell
. say + no personalobject. Shesaidshewasbored.
o say + to + personalobject. Hesaidto me (that)he was
PastPerfect
We usethe pastperfect(had+ past participle):
. for an actionwhichfinishedbeforeanotherpastaction
or beforea statedtime in the past Jennvhadeatenher
lunchby2 o'clock.
n f o r a n a c t i o nw h i c h f i n i s h e di n t h e p a s t ,a n d w h o s e
resultwas visibleat a later point in the past Hehad
brokenhisleganda weeklaterit wasstillhurting.
o for a generalsituationin the past.Everything
hadseemed
normalat first.
.
reallysurprised.
tell + personalobject.Shetoldme(that)shewasgoingout.
Expressions
usedwith say,tell and ask
hello,good morning/afternoon
etc,something/
nothing,so,a prayer,a few words,no more,fo,r
certatn/sure,
etc
the truth,a lie,a story,a secret,a joke,the time,the
difference,
one from another,somebody
one'sname,
somebody
the way,somebody
sth,someone's
fortune,etc
a question,a favour,the price,aftersomebody,
the
time,around,for something/somebody,
etc
Past
Perfect
Contin
uous
We usethe pastperfectcontinuous:
. t o p u t e m p h a s ios n t h e d u r a t i o no f a n a c t i o nw h r c h
startedand finishedin the past,beforeanotheraction
o r s t a t e dt i m e i n t h e p a s t ,u s u a l l yw i t h f o r o r s i n c e
I hod beenwatchingW foran hourwhenI remembered
I had
forgottento callmy friend.
. f o r a n a c t i o nw h i c hl a s t e df o r s o m et i m ei n t h e p a s ta n d
whose result was visiblein the past Shehad been
paintingherroomandherclotheswerecoveredin paint.
( f 1 f 4 6 6 6 rn + e
|R\p\ _nPO\ - ,r/tLtaLr '\l J J L C
LET I tcl lL)
*{"1
In reportedspeech,personal/possessive
pronounsand
possessive
adjectives
changeaccordingto the meaning
of the sentence
Susansaid,"l'mmeetingmycousinafterwork."
Suzansaid(that)shewasmeetinghercousinafterwork.
We can reportsomeone's
wordseithera longtime after
they were said (out-of-datereporting)or a short time
aftertheyweresaid(up-to-datereporting)
Up-to-datereportinE
Thetenses
caneither
change
or remain
thesamernreporueo
Used
to/Would
We use usedto/would(always/often/etc)
+ bare infinitive to
refer to past habitsor repeatedactions.Sheusedto/would
go to thecinemaoncea weekwhenshewasa teenager.
In such casesused to/would can be replacedby the past
simplewith no changein meaningWhenllivedin thecountry,
I
worked/used
to workon a farm.
B u tf o r a n a c t i o nt h a t h a p p e n eadt a d e f i n i t e
t i m ei n t h e p a s t
we usethe pastsimple,not usedto Iboughta newcomputer
yesterday.(NOT@)
We also use usedfo to talk about past facts or situations
which are no longertrue I usedto enjoyswimming.
NowI prefer
loggtng.
U n i t4
speech
Directspeech:
Lucysaid,"l haven'tbookeda ticketyet."
Reportedspeech: Lucysaid(that)shehasn,t/hadn,t
bookeda
ticketyet.
Out-of-date reporting
T h e i n t r o d u c t o rvye r b i s i n t h e p a s ts i m p l ea n d t h e t e n s e s
c h a n g ea sf o l l o w s :
PresentSimple+ PastSimple
"Thetrainarrivesat 5 o'clock." I Hesaid(that)thetrainarilved
at 5 o'clock.
PresentContinuous+ PastContinuous
"l am watchinga football
I Hesaid(that)he waswatching
match."
I afootballmatch.
PresentPerfect+ PastPerfect
"lhavemadea pie."
I Hesaid(thaj hehadmadea
- Statements
Reported
Speech
Reportedspeechis the exact meaningof what someone
said, but not the exactwords We do not use quotation
marksTheword that caneitherbe usedor omittedafterthe
introductoryverb (say,
tell,suggest,
etc)
(that)
He
said
he
post
would
his
letters
today.
n.
+o
PastSimple+ PastSimpleor Pastperfect
"lboughtanewsofa."
(that)shebought/had
I Shesaid
GrammarReference
PastContinuous+ PastContinuousor PastPerfect
Continuous
"lwaswashingthedishes." Shesqidthatshewas/had
I
I beenwashingthedishes.
Future(will)t would
"twillgotothebank
tomorrow."
Shesaidthatshewouldgoto
I
I thebankthenextday.
Certainwordsand time expressions
changeaccording
to the meaningas follows:
+
now
t h e n ,i m m e d i a t e l y
+
today
that day
yesreroay )
the daybefore,the previous
day
tomorrow +
the nexVfollowing
day
thisweek +
that week
lastweek +
the weekbefore,the previous
week
nextweek +
the weekafter,the followingweek
)
ago
earlier
+
here
there
+
come
90
+
bring
take
The verb tensesremainthe same in reportedspeech
when the introductory
verb is in the present,futureor
presentperfect.
Dadalwayssays:"Youmustn'tspendallyourmoney."
Dadalwayssays(that)you mustn'tspendallyourmoney.
Theverbtensescan eitherchangeor remainthe same
in reportedspeechwhen reportinga generaltruth or
iaw of nature
Theteacher
said,"Atomatoisa fruit."
Theteachersaid(that)a tomatois/wasa fruit.
Reported
Orders
To reportordersin reportedspeech,we usethe introductory
verbsorderor tell + sb + (not) to - infinitive
'Stopl"(direct
order)
Heorderedthemto stop.(reportedorder)
"Getout!"(diect order)
Shetoldusto gefout.(reportedorder)
+ to infinitive
agree
claim
threaten
"Yes,
l'll lendyou t25 "
"l'mwarkingon dtop secret
project."
"l wontto beserved
immediotely."
"Wouldyou likemeto help
you withyouressoy?"
"lpromisel'll do thisforyou"
"No,I wonl do whotthey
wont,"
"Bequietor l'llpunishyou "
Heagreedto lendmet25.
5heclaimedto beworkingon
o top secretproject.
Hedemanded
to beserved
immediately.
5heofferedto helpmewith
my essay.
Hepromised
to dothatforme.
Herefusedto do whatthey
wonted.
Hethreotened
to punishus if
weweren'tquiet.
to-infinitive
advise
"Youshouldexercise
more"
Headvisedme to exercise
more
Heollowedmetowotchthe
filmonTV.
Heoskedmeto do him o
fovour.
Shebeggedmeto helpher.
Hecommonded
hertoput the
gundown.
Heencouroged
meto talkto
heroboutthot.
Heforbode
meto listento my
musicot thattimeof night.
Sheinvitedmeto go to her
birthdoyporty.
Heorderedmeto do thirty
pushupsimmediately.
Heremindedmeto cdllhim
whenI got home
Hewornedmenotto believe
whotshesays
oernano
offer
promrse
refuse
ailow
ask
"Conyoudo meafavour?"
beg
command
pleose,
"Pleose,
helpme"
"Putthegundown"
encourage
"Youshouldtalkto herobout
this.'
"Youcannotlistentoyour
musicotthistimeof night."
"Willyoucometomybirthday
porty?"
"Dothirtypushupsot once!"
forbid
rnvrte
order
Reported
Questions
Reportedquestionsare usuallyintroducedwith the
verbsask, inquire,wonder or the expression
want to
KNOW
When a directquestionbeginswith a questionword
(who, where, how, when, what, etc), the reported
questionis introduced
with the samequestionword
"Howoldareyoui"(directquestion)
SheaskedmehowoldIwa; (reportedquestion)
Whena directquestionbeginswith an auxiliary
(be,do,
have), or a modal verb (can, may, etc), then the
reportedquestionis introduced
with if or whether
"Have
youfinished
yet?"(diect question)
She asked me if/whether I had finishedyet (reported
o uestion)
ln reportedquestions,
the verbis in the affirmativeThe
questionmark and words/expressions,
suchas please,
well, oh, etc are omitted The verb tenses,pronouns
and time expressions
changeas in statements
"Canyou tell me when the shopsclose,please?"(direct
question)
\he askedme if I could tell her when the shopsclosed.
(reportedquestion)
"Youcanwotchthefilmon
w.'
remind
warn
+ -ing form
accusesb of
admit(to)
apologise
for
boastabouVof
c o m p l a i (nt o s b )
oflabout
deny
I n s r sot n
+ that clause
explarn
informsb
"Dontforgetto callmewhen
yougethome"
"Becareful,dont believe
whotshesoys"
"Hestolemy bog "
Sheoccused
himofsteoling
her
bag.
"Yes,
I droppedthevase"
Heddmittedto dropping/
hovingdroppedthe vose
"l'msonyI am late "
Sheapologised
forbeinglate
"l'man excellent
actor."
Heboostedof beingon
excellent
octor.
"l feelverytired."
(tome)of
Shecomplained
feelingverytired.
"ldidnttell heryoursecret!" Hedeniedtelling/havingtold
hermysecret.
"l am goingto giveyou a lift
Heinsisted
ongivingmeo Iift
home."
home
"Whydon'tweplaytable
playingtable
Hesuggested
tennistomorrow?"
tennisthenextdoy.
"ltisquickerto takethetrcin Heexploined
thotitwos
becousethe
trafficisheavy." quickerto tokethetrain
becouse
thetrofficwosheavy.
"Theflighthosbeen
Sheinformed
usthotthe
cancelled
duetobad
flighthadbeencanielleddue
weatherconditions"
to badweotherconditions
147
G r a m m aR
r eference
U n i t5
.
Comparatives
andSuperlatives
We use the comparativeto compareone personor thing
with another We use the superlativeto compareone
p e r s o no r t h i n gw i t h m o r et h a n o n e p e r s o no r t h i n go f t h e
samegroup We often usethan aftera comparative
and the
beforea superlativeHeisolderthanme.He'sthe oldestperson
in theroom.
Formationof comparatives
and superlatives
from adjectives
and adverbs:
. with one-syllable
adjectives,
we add -(e)rto formthe
comparative
and -(e)stto form the superlative
ntce-nrcer-ntcest
Note:for one syllable
adjectives
endingin a vowel + a
c o n s o n a n tw, e d o u b l et h e c o n s o n a n t
fit-fitter-fittest
with two-syllable
adjectives
endingin -ly, -y,-w, we
- shallowest
alsoadd -er / -est shallow- shallower
Note: for adjectives
ending in a consonant+ y, we
replacethe -y with an -i pretty- prettier- prettiest
with othertwo-syllable
adjectives
or adjectives
with
morethan two syllables,
comparatives
and superlatives
areformedwith more/most
- moreinteresting
- mostinteresting
interesting
with adverbsthat have the same form as rnerr
adjectives,
we add -erl-est fast-faster- fastest
two-syllable
or compoundadverbs
take more/most
quietly- morequietly- mostquietly
Note: clever; common, cruel, friendly, gentle,
pleasant,polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet can
form their comparatives
and superlatives
either with
-erl-estor with more/most
lrregularforms:
good- better- best/ bad- worse- worst/
much- more- most/ little- less- least/
far - farther/further- farthesVfurthest
/
many/lots/alot of - more- most
Typesof comparisons:
as + adjective+ as (to showthat two peopleor things
are similarin someway) In negativesentences
we use
not aslso ... as Thisdress
isasprettyasthatone.
less + adjective + than (expresses
the difference
betweentwo peopleor things)Theoppositeis more ...
than. Thefilm is lessinterestingthon thebook.
the least+ adjective+ oflin (compares
one personor
t h i n g t o t w o o r m o r e p e o p l eo r t h i n g si n t h e s a m e
group)Theoppositeisthe most ... oflin ltwastheleast
placeI'veevervisited.
expensive
much/a lot/farla little/a bit/slightly + comparative
(expresses
the degree of differencebetween two
peopleor things)JohnisslightlytallerthanAnthony.
comparativeandcomparative(to showthat something
is increasingor decreasing)Everyday t'm feelilngbetter
and betterwith thismedicine.
the + comparative... , the + comparative(showsthat
t w o t h i n g sc h a n g et o g e t h e ro, r t h a t o n et h i n gd e p e n d s
148
on anotherthing) Themoreyoueat,thefatteryou
get.
by far + the + superlative(emphasises
the difference
betweenone personor thing and two or more people
or things in the same group) Jackie
is by far the best
playerin herteam,
Relative
Clauses
Relative clausesare introducedwith either a relative
pronounor a relativeadverb
Relative pronouns
We use:
i who(m)/thatto referto people
ii which/thatto referto things
ili whose with people, animalsand objects to show
possession
(insteadof a possessive
adjective)
.
.
.
.
Who, which and that can be omittedwhen they are
the object of the relativeclause Ihatl thevase(which)t
qm goingto buy.
Whom can be used insteadof who when it is the
object of the relativeclause Whom is alwaysused
insteadof who or that after a prepositionThat,s
the
personto whomI wastalkingto a fewminutesago.
W h o , w h i c h a n d t h a t a r e n o t o m i t t e dw h e n t h e y a r e
the subjectof a relativeclauselhe manwhodrivesthat
carisveryrich.
Whose is never omitted That'sthe woman whose
daughterisa lawyer.
Relative adverbs
We use:
i when/that to referto a time (andcanbe omitted)
Thatwasthetime(when/that)I livedin California.
ii where to refer to a place TheshopwhereI boughtyour
present
isverynearyourhome.
iii why to give a reason,usuallyafter the word reason
(why can be omitted) Shewassick.That'sthe
reason(why)
shedidn'tcometo work.
Defining
andNon-Defining
Relative
LIAUSCS
An identifyingrelativeclausegives necessary
information
e s s e n t i at ol t h e m e a n i n go f t h e m a i ns e n t e n c el t i s n o t p u t
i n c o m m a sa n di si n t r o d u c ewdi t h w h o , w h i c h ,t h a t , w h o s e ,
where, when or the reason(why) Ihe manwhoboughtour
carlivesnextdoor.
A non-identifying
relativeclausegivesextrainformationand
t sn o t e s s e n t i taol t h e m e a n i n g
o f t h e m a i ns e n t e n c el t i sp u t
i n c o m m a sa n d i s i n t r o d u c e d
with who, whom, which,
whose,where or when. Ihe woman,whowasninetyyearsold,
walkedveryslowly.
That cannot be usedto introducea Non-defininqrelative
c l au s e
G r a m m aR
r eference
U n i t6
Theindefinite
article
a/an
We usea/an:
. with nounswhen referring
to an unspecified
thing Jcck
hasgota cat.The
catisblackandwhite.
n w i t h s i n g u l acr o u n t a b l en o u n sw h e n w e w a n t t o s a y
job is
what somebody/something
is or what someone's
It isa kangaroo.
Susanisa doctor
r in certainexpressions
whenwe want to showhow often
we do something.ljog in theparkthree
timesa week
We usea:
. b e f o r es i n g u l a cr o u n t a b l en o u n sw h i c h b e g i nw i t h a
consonantsound(ahorse,
a unicorn)
.
with adjectives/adverbs
in the superlativeform (fhe
worstholidayl'vebeenon) BUTwhen most is followedby
a noun, it doesn'ttake the Mostchildren
startschoolat
8:15am.
. with the wordsday, morning,afternoonand evening
Shewentto thecinemain theevening.
BUT:at night, at noon, at midnight,by daylnight
. with historicalperiods/events
(theFrenchRevolution,
the
lronAge).BUT:World War ll
o with the wordsonly, last and first (usedas adjectives)
Heisthe onlyonewhodoesn'tagree.
. with the wordsstation,cinema,theatre,library,shop,
coast, sea(side),beach, country(side),city, jungle,
world, ground,weather Howaboutgoingto the beach?
We do not usethe:
. with uncountaba
l en d p l u r a nl o u n sw h e nt a l k i n ga b o u t
W e u s ea n :
. b e f o r es i n g u l a cr o u n t a b l en o u n sw h i c h b e g i nw i t h a
vowelsound(anapple,an hourglass)
.
r
We don't usea/an:
. with uncountable
or pluralnouns In thesecases,
we use
.
.
someinsteadof a/an I wantsomebutterandsomebananas
before an adjectiveif it is not followed by a noun
However,
if the adjective
is followedby a noun,we use
a i f t h e a d j e c t i vbee g i n sw i t h a c o n s o n a nsto u n da n da n
i F t h ea d i e c t i vhep o i n sw i t h a v o w e ls o u n d
It isa thriller.lt isa horriblethriller.
Thisisan interesting
fim.
Thedefinite
article
the
We usethe:
n w i t h n o u n sw h e n t a l k i n ga b o u ts o m e t h i n g
s p e c i f io
cr
.
.
.
.
.
.
somethingthat hasalreadybeenmentionedSusan
has
got a dog.Thedogisa dalmatian.
with nounsthat areunique(thesky,themoon,etc)
(theDailyMail),cinemas(the
with namesof newspapers
Village),theatres (the BristolOld Vic), museums/art
galleries(the Metropoliton),ships (the Queenlv4aryll),
(theRedCross)
organisations
with the namesof rivers(theDanube),
groupsof islands
(theBahamas),
mountainranges(fheRoclqmounrcrng,
deserts(the Kalahari),oceans (the Pacific),canals (fhe
Coralcanal),countrieswhen they includewordssuchas
States,Kingdom,Republic(theUK),namesor nouns
with of (theHouses
of Pailiament),
in geographical
terms
such as the Northpole/Arctic/Amazon,
theSouthof England,
the North/East/South/West
with the namesof musicalinstruments
and dances(the
violin,the tango)
with the namesof families(theSmithi and nationalities
endingin -sh,-ch or-ese(the5panish)
Othernationalities
canbe usedwith or without the (theSwedes/Swedes)
with titles (fhe King,the PrimeMiniste) BUT not with
titlesincluoinga propername(KingGeorge)
.
something in general Snakescan be dangerous.
Computersareeasyto use,
with propernouns Susanisadoctor.
with the names of sports, games, activities,days,
m o n t h sc, e l e b r a t i o ncso, l o u r sd, r i n k sa n d m e a l sl w a n t
to playgolf on Sunday.
with languages,
unlessthey are followedby the word
language Bobspeaks
Spanish,
ItalianandGermanfluently.
BUT: Ihe Englishlanguageis spokenin manypartsof the
world.
w i t h t h e n a m e so f c o u n t r i ew
s h i c h d o n ' t i n c l u d et h e
word State, Kingdom or Republic.England,Greece,
FfAnCe BUT thefe aro <nme ovrontion<'
tho ttlgtherlAnds,
theGambia,the Vaticon.
with the namesof streets(Prince's
Street,
MarketStreet).
BUT:fhe M8, the A72, squares(Victoria
Square),bridges
(Tower
Bridge)BUf: theMaidenheadRailwoyBridge,parks
(HydePark), railway stations (Victoriq,Kings Cross),
mountains(MountOlympus),individualislands(Cyprus),
lakes(LakeBola)
and continents(Europe)
with possessive
adjectives
or the possessive
case lhatls
hisdog.
with the namesof restaurants,
shops,banks,hotels,etc
which are namedafter the peoplewho startedthem
(Marks& Spencer's,
CostaCafe)
with the words bed, hospital,college,court, pnson,
school,universitywhen we referto the purposefor
which they exist / wentto bedbecause
I wastired.BUf: t
carriedtheblanketsto the bed.(specific)
with the word work (= placeof work) | got stuckin
traffic,I am on my wayto work.
with the words home, mother, father, etc when we
talk aboutour own home/parents
with by + means of transport (bus/ferry/train/car
etc).I
travelledto Romeby car.
with the names of illnessesShe'sgot hay fever.BUf
flu/theflu,measles/the
measles,
mumps/themumps
149
G r a m m aR
r eference
C o u n t a b-l eU n c o u n t a bNl eo u n s
.
Countablenounsare thosethat can be counted(one
flowettwo flowers,etc) Uncountable nouns are those
that cannotbe counted(butter,
salt,etc) Uncountable
n o u n st a k ea s i n g u l avre r ba n da r en o t u s e dw i t h a / a n
G r o u p so f u n c o u n t a b lneo u n si n c l u d e :
. massnouns(coffee,flour,
water,etc)
o
subjectsof study(Biology,
French,
Geometry,
e|c)
o
sports(basketball,
golf,tennis)
a
languages(French,Germ
an,ltalian)
a
d iseases(cancer,measles,
hayfeve
r)
a
naturalphenomena(fog,sunshine,
wind)
o
collectivenouns(money,
furniture,
luggage)
o
certainother nouns(fame,happiness,
boredom)
Some/Any/No
S o m e ,a n y a n d n o a r e u s e dw i t h u n c o u n t a b lneo u n sa n d
pluralcountablenouns somewater,
somepotqtoes
. Some and its compounds (somebody, someone,
something, somewhere,etc) are normallyused in
affirmativesentences.
There
issomemilkin thefridge.
o Someand its compounds
are alsousedin interrogative
sentenceswhen we expect a positiveanswer,for
examplewhen we make an offer or request Doyou
wantsomethingto drink?
. Any and its compounds(anyone,anything, etc) are
usuallyusedin interrogative
sentenceslsthereanything
Iefttodo?Not any is usedin negativesentences.
Ihere
isn'tanysaltinthisfood.Any
and its compounds
canalso
be usedwith negativewordssuchas without, never,
rarely I can'tdo anythingwithoutmycomputer.
When any and its compoundsare used in affirmative
sentences
thereis a difference
in meaning Youcantake
anythingyou likefromthefridge.(itdoesn'tmatterwhat)
Anyonecanbe a memberof thisgroup.(it doesn't matter
wno/
No and its compounds
can be usedinsteadof not any
in negativesentencesJackdidn'tsayanything.
(= He said
nothing) There
isn'tanybodyat home.(= Thereis nobody
at home)
N o t e :W e u s ea s i n g u l avre r bw i t h c o m p o u n dosf s o m e ,
any and no. ls theresomething
wrong?
Ftrpnr/F:rh
E a c ha n d e v e r ya r eu s e dw i t h s i n g u l acro u n t a b l n
e o u n sW e
normallyuseeachwhen we referto several
peopleor things
and everywhen we referto all peopleor things Theacrobat
was holdingtwo ballsin each hand.Everypersonon the street
turnedandstared.
. Thepronouns
everyone,everybody,
everythingandthe
adverbeverywhereare usedin affirmative,interrogative
and negativesentences,
and are followedby a singular
verb We normallyuseeverywhen we are thinkingof
peopleor things together,in a group, to mean all,
everyoneelc Everypersonin thetheaterclappedat theend
oftheplay.(= alltogether)Whereas
we normallyuseeach
150
whenwe arethinkingof peopleor thingsseparately,
one
at a time Hemadea speechwherehe thankedeachperson
whohelped
him(= one at a time)
We useeveryto show how often somethinghappens
Thebuspasses
every| 5 minutes.
We use every, but not each, with words ano
expressions
such as almost, nearly, practically,and
without exception She eats threebars of chocolate
practicallyeveryday.
- A little/Little
A few/Few
A few and few areusedwith pluralcountablenouns A little
a n d l i t t l ea r eu s e dw i t h u n c o u n t a b n
l eo u n s
. A few meansnot many,butenoughI havea fewapplesto
makeapplepie. l'll makeit now. Few means hardlyany,
almostnoneand can be usedwith very for emphasis
Therewerefewpeopleat theparty,soit wasn'ta success.
. A little meansnormuch,butenoughI havea littlefoodleft
fromyesterday.
l'll eatthat todayfor Iunch.
. Little meanshardlyany,almostnone and can be used
with very for emphasisI put verylittlesugarin thecake.tt
isn'tsweetenouqh.
A lotofllotsof - much- many
A lot ofllots of areusedwith both pluralcountableand
u n c o u n t a b l en o u n s T h e y a r e n o r m a l l y u s e d i n
affirmative
sentencesTheof is omittedwhen a lot/lots
are not followedby a noun.Weretherealot/lotsof
people
at themeeting?Yes,
therewerelots.
Much and many are usuallyused in negativeor
interrogative
sentencesMuch is usedwith uncountable
n o u n sa n d m a n y i s u s e dw i t h p l u r a cl o u n t a b l e
nouns
Therearenot many flowersin the winter.I don'thavemuch
time.
Adverbs
.
r
Adverbs usually describe verbs, adjectives,other
adverbsor sentences
An adverbcan be one word (quickly)
or a phrase(lnrhe
morning).Adverbscan describemanner (how), place
(where),time (when),frequency(how often),degree
(to what extent),etc
Formationof adverbs
a . W e u s u a l l yf o r m a n a d v e r bb y a d d i n g - l y t o t h e
adjectiveextreme-extremely
BUT:elderly,cowardly,friendly,likely,deadly,lively,silly,ugly,
Iovely,etcareadjectivesWe usethe wordsway/manner
to form their adverbs Susanseemed
veryfriendlyyesterday.
Shebehaved
in averyfriendlymanner/way.
p . Adjectives
endingin -le dropthe e and take-y.
simple-simply
c . A d j e c t i v eesn d i n gr nc o n s o n a n+t y d r o pt h e y a n dt a k e
-ily. preny-prettily
o . Adjectivesendingin -l take -ly practical-practically
GrammarReference
suchas:
Someadverbshavethe sameform asadlectives
hard, fast, free, high, low, deep, early, late, long,
near, straight, right, wrong Also hourly, daily,
weekly,monthlyand yearly
isa hard worker.(adjective)
5heworkshard.(adverb)/5he
The adverbsbelow have two forms, each with a
a long
differentmeaning:Shedived
deepintothewater,(=
way oown)
(= very)
lam deeplyimpressed.
poolfree.(= without payment)
Youcanusethee
swimming
Thedog wasrunningaroundthe gardenfreely.(= without
limitor restriction)
I hadto reachhighto reachtheshelf.(= aVto a high level)
(= very much)
Yourhelpishighlyappreciated.
Shewentto bedlate.(= not early)
I haven'tseenMarylately.(= recently)
I thinkhistoryis the subjectI likemost.(= superlativeof
mucn)
I ammostlyworriedaboutyourhealth.(=mainly)
(= close)
Myschool
isnearmyhome.
I nearlyfaintedwhenI heardthenews.(= almost)
(= rather)
I thinkshe's
a prettyniceperson.
prettily.(= in a pretty way)
Janealwaysdresses
(= with a lot of effort)
Heworkedhardtopasshisexams.
(= almost
I hardlyknowanyonein my newneighbourhood
no one)
Note: hardlyhasa negativemeaningand is often used
with: any,anything,anyoneanywhereand ever
Orderof adverbs
. Adverbsusuallygo after verbsbut beforeadjectives,
otheradverbsand participles
(manner)
Hepaintsbeautifully.
Thebookwastotallyboring.(degree)
. S o m e t i m easd v e r b sg o b e f o r et h e m a i nv e r b ,e g . t h e
adverbsof frequency(often, always,etc ) However,
adverbsof frequency
areplacedafterthe verbto be and
afterauxiliary
verbs
Jackis rarelyat schoolon time.
I havenevervisitedAustralia.
ShealwoyswatchesWat night.
o When there are two or more adverbsin the same
s e n t e n c et,h e y u s u a l l yc o m e i n t h e f o l l o w i n go r d e r :
manner-place-time
Thegirl wasquietlystudyingin the libraryall afternoon.
. lf thereis a verbof movement(go, come,leave,etc)in
the sentence,
then the adverbscome in the following
order:place- manner - time
Bengoesto workby carin themorning.
r A d v e r b so f p l a c ea n d t i m e c a n g o a t t h e e n d o f t h e
sentence
l'll seeyounextweek.(time)
O
r r o < t i n nI Tr e: :n/ J<
\<vLJLrvr
.
Questiontags are formedwith an auxiliaryverb and
personal
pronoun Theytake the same
the appropriate
a u x i l i a rays i n t h e s t a t e m e not r ,i f t h e r ei s n ' ta n a u x i l i a r y
in the statement,they take do/does(present
simple)or
d i d ( p a s ts i m p l e )
.
After affirmativestatements we use a negative
interrogative
tag and after negativestatements
we use
a positiveinterrogative
tag.
Shenlnv<in fhctpnmdoesn'tshe?
Hedidn'twin therace,did he?
Note:
. Let'shasthe tag shallwe? - lef3 watcha film,shallwe?
. Let me/himhasthe tag will you/won't you? - You'll
let
meborrowyourca6won'tyou?
. I have (possess)has the tag haven't l? BUT I have
(usedidiomatically)
hasthe tag don't l? - Hehasa caL
hasn'the?Hehad a nicetime,didn'the?
. This/Thatis has the tag isn't it? - Thisis a goodbook,
isn'tit?
. I am hasthe tag aren't l? - I am right,aren'tI?
. A negativeimperativehasthe questiontag will you?Don'tleavethedoorunlocked,
willyou?
Reflexive
Pronouns
I - myself
you - yourself
h e- h i m s e l f
s h e- h e r s e l f
it - itself
we - ourselves
you - yourselves
+1.^,, Lrrqy
+h^--^1.
,^L rr E t | ) g t v t r )
pronouns:
We usereflexive
. with verbs such as behave,burn, cut, enjoy, hurt,
i n t r o d u c ek,i l l ,l o o ka t , t e a c h e
, t c, o r w i t h p r o p o s i t i o n s
r n r h o n f h raL cJ Ur vr JhLi !oL r t : nddl
lU
f( hl log
n hU Ji pq Lr Lt
W
n lf
V
tLhl lcE rVrr ol "uh dr lrcn +t Ihl n
E
sameperson
I (subject)burnt myse|f(object)whenI accidentallytouched
theiron.
. with the preposition
by when we meanalone/without
companyor without help(on one'sown).
9hespentherweekend
herown.
byherself/on
Hemanagedto lift thefurnitureby himself/onhisown.
in the following expressions:
enjoy yourself(have a
good time), behaveyourself(be good), help yourself
(youarewelcometo takesomethingif you want)
to emphasize
the subjector the objectof a sentence.
(l wrote this essay,nobody else
I myselfwrotethisessay.
wrote it)
DaisymetMickJaggerhimself
. (Shemet Mick Jagger,not
somebodyelse)
Note:
1 We do not normallyuse reflexivepronounswith the
vetbsconcentrate,
feel,meet and relax.
Youneedto relax.(NOTM+elaxlearsel$)
2 Reflexivepronounsare usedwith the verbsdress,wash
and shavewhen we want to show that someonedid
somethingwith a lot of effort
Althoughsheis only threeyearsold, shemanagedto dress
herself.
Eachother meansone another.
a Theylookedat themselves
in the mirror
b Theylookedat eachotherand startedlaughing
151
Grammar
Reference
U n i t7
Wishes
C o n d i t i o n at yl sp:eO / 1
o We can usewish /if only to express
a wish
Type0 conditionals
are usedto express
a generalt r u t h o r a
scientrfrc
fact In this type of conditionalwe can usewnen
insteadof if.
lflwhen + presentsimple -
IwishI couldhelp.(but Tosaythat we would
I can't).lf onlyhe was Iike somethingto be
leaving tomorrow. different about a
(buthe'snot)
present
situation.
presentsimple
IwishI had accepted Toexpress
regretabout
his invitation(but I somethingwhich
didn't).lf only I had happened
or didn't
told him thetruth.
happenin thepast.
lf/Whenyou touchfire,you burnyourself
.
Type 1 conditionalsare used to expressa real or very
probablesituationin the presentor future
lf + presentsimple +
future simple,imperative,canr
musVmay/etc
+ bareinfinitive
If hegoeson holidaly,hewill relax.
When the hypothesiscomesbeforethe main clause,we
separate
the two partswith a comma.Whenthe mainclause
comesbeforethe if-clause,
then we do not usea commaro
separate
them
Note: With type 1 conditionalswe can use untess +
affirmativeverb (= if + negativeverb) 5hewillnotforgivehim
unlessheapologises
to her.
Conditionals:Types
2 and3
.
ConditionalsType 2 (unreal present) are used to
express
imaginary
situations
whicharecontraryto facts
rn the present,and,therefore,are unlikelyto happenin
the presentor the future We can use eitherwere or
was for 1stand 3rd personsingularin the if-clauseWe
canalsousethe structurelf Iwereyou,...
to giveadvice
lf + pastsimple/
past continuous
would/could/might+
bare presentinfinitive
lf I spoketheirlanguage,I would know what theyweretalking
about.
lf Richardwasplaying today,we wouldhavea betterchanceo;
sconng.
lf I wereyou,I wouldapologiseto her.(advice)
.
+ su0jeft+
would + bare
inf.
ConditionalsType3 (unrealpast)are usedto express
imaginarysituationswhich are contraryto factsin the
past Theyarealsousedto express
reqretsor criticism
I wish you wouldn't to express:
complainall thetime. . a politeimperative.
lf only the buswould . adesirefora
come.
situationorperson's
behaviourto
change.
Note:. lf only is usedin exactlythe sameway aswish, but it
ls moreemphaticor moredramatic.
. We can usewere insteadof was after wish and if
only. lwish I were/wason holidaynow.
U n i t8
ThePassive
We form the passive
with the verbto be in the appropriate
t e n s e a n d t h e p a s t p a r t i c i p l eo f t h e m a i n v e r b O n l y
transitiveverbs(verbswhich take an object)can be usedin
the passive(/ivedoesnot havea passiveform)
We usethe passive:
o when the personor peoplewho do the action are
unknown,unimportantor obviousfrom the conrexr.
Thebikeis beingfixed.0t unimportantwho is doing it,)The
post has been delivered.(lt's obviousthat the postman
delivered
it.)
' when the action itself is more importantthan the
person/peoplewho do it, as in news headlines,
newspaperarticles,formal notices, advertisements,
instructions,processes,etc Ancientstatues
havebeen
discovered.
. when we want to avoid taklng responsibility
for an
actionor whenwe referto an unpleasant
eventandwe
do not want to saywho or what isto blame Tensoldiers
werekilledin thewar.Thewashinqup hasn,tbeendone.
Changingfrom the activeto the passive:
lf + past perfect/
would/could/might+
past perfectcontinuousbareperfectinfinitive
lf I hod takena taxi,Iwould havebeentherein time.
lf it hadn't been raining today,we would have gone on an
excurston.
152
the objectof the activesentencebecomesthe subject
in the passive
sentence
the activeverbremainsin the sametense,but chanqes
into a oassive
form
the subjectof the activesentencebecomes
the agenr,
and is either introducedwith the prepositionby or is
omitted
G r a m m aR
r eference
ACTIVE
Subject
Theartist
Verb
was drawing
Subject
Verb
PASSIVE A picture was beingdrawn
Object
a picture
Agent
by the artist
n Onlytransitive
verbs(verbsthat take an object)can be
jogsin thepark
changedinto the passiveActive: Susan
(intransitive
verb)no passive form: lh+pa+klsldgged4y
%
Note: Some transitiveverbs (have,exist,seem,fit, suit,
resemble,
Iacketc)cannotbe changedinto the passive
.lack resembleshis father. NOf:. Hk-fether*+esenbkd-bv
and negationsof the verb have are formed
Questions
with do/does(presentsimple)or did (pastslmple)Dld
youhaveyourflatpaintedlastweek?
We also use have somethingdone to talk about an
unpleasantexperlence
that somebodyhad Lastnight
(= Herbagwasstolen,)
Karen
hadherbagstolen.
We can use the verb get insteadof have in informal
conversationlam gettingsomenewcurtains
made.
N o t e :t h e w o r d o r d e ri s v e r yi m p o r t a n tF i o n ah a d h e r
car washedand Fionahad washed her car havevery
d i f f e r e nm
t e a n i n g sI n t h e f i r s tc a s eF
, i o n aa r r a n g e fdo r
s o m e o n e l s et o w a s ht h e c a r ,w h e r e a si n t h e s e c o n d
caseshewashedthe carherself
Prcccni Simnle
He cleans the
windows.
Hehasthewindows
cleoned.
Present
Continuous
Heis cleaningthe
windows.
Heishavingthe
windowscleaned.
P a sS
t imple
Hecleanedthe
windows.
Hehad the
windowscleaned.
ffi
o We can usethe verbto get insteadof the verbto be in
e v e r y d a ys p e e c hw h e n w e t a l k a b o u t t h i n g s t h a t
happenby accidentor unexpectedly
gothitbya car
Barry
whenhe wasplayingin thestreet.(lnsteadof washit . . )
. By + the agent is usedto saywho or what carriesout
an action with + instrument/material/ingredient
is
usedto saywhat the agentused lhe mealwqsmadeby
Mario.It wasmadewith lotsof freshingredients
. The agentcan be omittedwhen the subjectis they,he,
someone/somebody,people, one, etc Somebody
has
brokenthewindow.The
windowhasbeenbroken.
. The agent is not omitted when it is a specificor
importantperson,or when it is essential
to the meaning
of the sentenceThisbookwaswrittenbyVirginia
Woolf.
. With verbswhich can take two objects,suchas bring,
tell,send,show,teach,promise,buy,sell,read,offer,give,lend,
etcwe canform two differentpassive
sentences
SusantoldMarythetruth.(active)
MarywastoldthetruthbySusan.(passive,
moreusual)
Thetruthwastold to MarybySusan.(passive,
lessusual)
. lf in an activesentencea lrreposition
followsa verb,
t h e n i n t h e p a s s i v iet i s p l a c e di m m e d i a t e layf t e rt h e
verb lhe beestunghim on thecheek.
Hewasstungon the
cheekbvthebee
The verbshear,help, see, and make are followedby
t h e b a r ei n f i n i t i vien t h e a c t i v eb u t b y t h e t o - i n f i n i t i vi e
n
the passiveJack'sfathermadehim finishhishomework.
Jackwasmadeto finishhishomework.
l-et becomesbe allowedto in the passiveMymumlet
mego to thecinema.
lwas allowedto go to thecinema.
Toaskquestions
in the passive
we followthe samerules
a s f o r s t a t e m e n t sk,e e p i n gi n m i n dt h a t t h e v e r bi s i n
the interrogative
form Havethey
announcedthe
newsyet?
Hasthenewsbeenannounced
yet?
Whenwe want to find out who or what performedan
questionform is Who/What ... by?
action,the passive
Whatwasthisaccident
caused
bv?
Causative
Form
.
We usehave+ object + past participleto saythat we
h a v ea r r a n g e df o r s o m e o n et o d o s o m e t h i n gf o r u s
Thepastparticiple
hasa passive
hadher
meaningSusan
haircut.(Shedidn't cut it herself)
PasC
t o n t i n u o u s He was cleaning
the windows.
Hewashavingthe
windowscleaned.
F u t u r eS i m p l e
Shewill cleanthe
windows.
He will have the
windows cleaned.
Future
C o n t i nu o u s
Hewillbecleaning Hewillbehavingthe
thewindows.
windowscleaned.
Present
Perfect
He has cleanedthe
windows.
Hehas had the
windowscleaned.
PresentPerfect
Continuous
Hehasbeen
cleaningthe
windows.
Hehasbeen
havingthe
windowscleaned.
PastPerfect
Hehad cleanedthe
windows.
Hehad had the
windows cleaned.
PastPerfect
Continuous
Hehadbeen
eleaningthe
windows.
Hehad been
having the
windows cleaned.
Infin itive
Heshouldcleanthe Heshouldhovethe
windows.
windowscleoned.
It'sworthcleaning It'sworthhovingthe
thewindows.
windowscleaned.
- i n gf o r m
/ N lo i t h o r
F r re r t r/ LFuaL rr - hr // F
L riLt rhr e
\ - rr l l \ C l L l l C l
LVLr//
c Ev€ryis usedwith singularcountablenouns lt refersto
a g r o u po f p e o p l eo r t h i n g sa n d m e a n sa l l ,e v e r y o n e ,
everything,
etc
Everycitizenhas a birth certificate.(AIl citizenshave birth
certificates.)
E a c hi s u s e dw i t h s i n g u l acro u n t a b l n
e o u n s l t r e f e r st o
t h e m e m b e ros f a g r o u ps e p a r a t e l y
Eachmemberof the basketball teamhasto practisehard
everyday.(Eachperson separateIy.)
Everyone and each(one)canbe followedby of
Heboughttwo shirtsbut he realizedthat eachone wastoo
smallfarhim.
joinedtheschoolclubandI likedevery
A lot of newmembers
oneof them.
153
GrarnmarReference
.
.
Either refersto two people,things or groupsand is
followedby a singularcountablenoun However,the
E i t h e r o f + p l u r a l n o u n p h r a s e s t r u c t u r ec a n b e
f o l l o w e db y e i t h e ra s i n g u l aor r p l u r avl e r b
Eithershirtisnice.Eitherof theshirtsis/arenice.
We can use not ... either (ofl insteadof neither(of)
Eithercanalsobe usedat the endof a negative
sentence.
"l havenevervisited
Japan.""l havenevervisited
Japaneither."
Neitherrefersto two people,thingsor groupsand has
a n e g a t i v em e a n i n g l t i s f o l l o w e d b y a s i n g u l a r
c o u n t a b lneo u n H o w e v etrh e N e i t h e ro f + o l u r a ln o u n
phrasestructurecan be followedby eithera singularor
pluralverbin the affirmative
NeitherdressI triedon wassuitablefor the weddinq.Neither
of themhavebeeninvitedto theparty.
N e i t h e r. . . n o r / E i t h e r. . . o r a r e f o l l o w e db y e i t h e ra
singularor pluralverb Neirher5usan
going
norMaryis/are
on holidaythisyear.
U n i t9
LoqicalAssu
mptions/Ded
uctions
Must: Sure/Certain
that sth is true
Must ls usedin affirmative
positlve
sentences
and expresses
logical beliefs You've
passedall your exams,so you must be
delighted!
Can't/couldn't: Certainthat sth is not true/real
C a n ' t a n d c o u l d n ' t a r e u s e d i n n e g a t i o n sa n d e x p r e s s
negativelogicalassumptionsSuson
can'tbe qt homeyet.She
doesn'tfinishworkuntil7.
Pnccihilitv
C a n + p r e s e n t i n f i n i t i v e : G e n e r a lp o s s i b i l i t ys,t h i s
possibleNot usedfor a specificsituation You
theoretically
canchooseanythingyouIikefromthebuffet
Could/May/Might + present infinitive: tt is possible/
l i k e l y p, e r h a p sU s e dt o s h o w s t h i s p o s s i b l ei n a s p e c i f i c
situation Youmayfindwhatyouwantat thesupermarket.
Note: We can use can/could/mightin questionsBUTNOT
may Doyouthinkyoucouldbuymesomemilk?
U n i t1 0
lnfinitive
Theto-infinitiveis used:
. to express
purposeWendywenttothe
librarytoget
a book.
. aftercertainverbs(agree,appear,decide,expect,hope,
plan, promise, refuse, etc) Theyhopeto completethe
projectsoon.
o after would like, would prefer, would love, etc to
express
a specificpreferenceI wouldlovetowatchtheplay.
154
o
a
after adjectiveswhich describe feelings/emotions
(happy,sad,g Jad, etc);express
wi ||ingness/u
nwiIling ness
(willing, eager, reluctant etc); refer to a person's
(clever,
character
kind etc)and the adjectives
luckyand
fortunate I wasgladto seethatyou'resafe.
Note: With adjectives
that referto characterwe can
alsousean impersonal
constructionlt wasniceof youto
givemeadvice.
after too/enough lt'shot enoughto swimin thesea.
t o t a l k a b o u ta n u n e x p e c t eedv e n tu s u a l lw
y ith only /
rushedtophonehimonlyto findthathewasout.
with it + be + adjective/noun ltwas difficulttoanswer
thequestion.
after be + first/second/next/lastetc Shewasthe third
personto wishme "HappyBirthday".
afterverbsand expressions,
suchas ask,learn,explain,
decide,find out, want, want to know etc when they
are followedby a questionword lcouldn'tdecidewnere
to go on holiday.
Note: why is followed by subject + verb, NOT an
infinitive I realized
whyI didn'tpassmyexam.
in the expresslons
to tell you the truth, to be honest,
to sum up, to beginwith etc Tobehonestldidn'tthinkl
wouldwin therace.
Note:lf two to-infinitivesarelinkedby and or or the to
of the secondinfinitivecan be omitted I wantto go to
thecinemaandwatcha qoodfilm.
Theinfinitivewithout to is used:
. aftermodalverbs Rebeccacanrunveryfast.
. after the verbs let, make, see, hear, and feel Ihey
madehim fill out a lot of forms.BUT: we use the toinfinitiveafterbe made,be heard,be seenetc (passive
form) Hewasseento enterthebuildinq.
Note:Whensee,hearandwatch arefollowedby an -ing
form there is no changein the passiveI heardSusan
talkingon thephone.Susanwasheardtalkingon thephone.
after had better and would rather Wehad bettertake
thetrainbecause
thetrafficis verybadat themoment.
help can be followedby eitherthe to-infinitiveor the
infinitive without to Shehelpedme (to) choosethe
carpetfor thelivineroom.
-ingform
T h e- i n g f o r m i s u s e d :
. as a noun Dancingisgreatfun
aftercertainverbs:admit,appreciate,avoid,continue,
deny, fancy,go (for activities),imagine,mind, miss,
quit, save,suggest,practise,consider,prevent.Would
youconsider
enteringthecontest?
after love, like, enjoy, prefer,dislike,hate to express
general preference Kate loves cooking.BUT: for a
specificpreference(would like/ would prefer/would
love)we usea to-infinitive
after expressions
suchas be busy,it's no use,it's (no)
good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't help,
there's no point in, can't stand, have difficulty (in),
have trouble elc Whot'sthe useof takinovourcarwhen
youcanusethebus?
GrammarReference
after spend, waste, or lose (time, money,etc). He
wastedtimetalkingon thephonewhenheshouldhavebeen
working.
afterthe preposition
to with verbsand expressions
such
as look forward to, be usedto, in additionto, object
to, prefer (doing sthto sthelse) Shepreferswalking to
running.
after other prepositions,I am thinkingof spendinga
monthin Chinafor thesummer.
afterthe verbshear,listento,.notice,see,watch, and
feel to describean incompleteaction I saw Jenny
playing tennis. (l didn't watch her until the end of the
gome.)
BUT:we usethe infinitivewithout to with hear,listen
to, notice,see,watch, and feel to describe
the complete
action / sawRobincatcha fish.(l sawhim liftingit out of the
sea.)
Difference in meaning between theto-infinitiyeand ing form
Someverbscantakeeitherthe to-infinitiveor the -ing form
w i t h a c h a n g ei n m e a n i n g
. forget + to-infinitive= not remember
- Heforgotto
bringhislunch-boxwith
him.
forget + -ing form = not recall- t'llneverforget
meeting
you for thefirsttime.
o remember+to infinitive= not forget- lmust
rememberto buysomemilk
remember+ -ing form = recall- I remember
seeingthat
personsomewhere
elsebutI don'tknowwhere.
. mean + to-infinitive = intendto - I didn'tmeonto hurt
you.Sorry!
journeymeons
mean + -ing form = involve- This
drivingfor longhours.
o regret+ to-infinitive= be sorryto (normally
usedin the
presentsimplewith verbssuchassay,tell, inform)- /
regretto informyou thatyourflighthasbeendelayed.
regret + -ing form - feel sorryabout - lregretlyingto
mybestfriend.
. try + to-infinitive= do one'sbest,attempt- Shetried
, to walkbut herleghurther.
try + -ing form = do somethingas an experiment
HowabouttryingthisnewshampooT
great!
lt's
r stop + to-infinitive= stoptemporarily
in orderto do
somethingelse- As/ yyaswalkinglstoppedto tiemy
shoelaces.
- Istopped
stop + -ing form = finishdoingsomething
going to balletclasses
whenI wasten.
'l
55
AmericanEnglish-British
EnglishGuide
tJg'y%*. .
fmw,.p*
A
account
airplane
anyplace/anywhere
apartrnent
billlaccount
aeroplane
anywhere
flat
B
bathrobe
bathtub
bitl
b i l l i o n = t h o u s amni dl l i o n
b u s y( p h o n e )
d r e s s i nggo w n
0atn
DanKnote
b i l l i o n = m i l l im
o inl l i o n
(phone)
engaged
cab
call/phone
can
candy
c ne c K
closet
c o n n e c(tt e l e p h o n e )
cookie
corn
crazy
taxi
r i n gu p / p h o n e
tin
sweets
b i l l( r e s t a u r a n t )
war0roDe
putthrough
biscuit
s w e e t c o r nm, a i z e
mad
P
pants/trousers
pantyhose/nyl
o ns
p a r k i n gl o t
pavement
p e d e s t r i acnr o s s i n g
( p o t a t oc) h i p s
p u b l i cs c h o o l
purse
cnsps
stateschool
h an d b a g
r a Iir o a d
restroom
railway
to ilet/cloa
kroom
s a l e sc l e r k / s a l g
e isr l
schedule
s h o r t s( u n d e r w e a r )
sidewalk
s t a n di n l i n e
store,shop
subway
timetable
pants
pavement
queue
shop
un d e r g r onud
T
t r uc k
two weeks
lorry,van
fortnight/twoweeks
trousers
t i gh t s
c a rp a r k
roadsurface
zchra rrn<<inn
-h^^
)ilup
---i-+^^+
o5)t>Ldil L
D
d e s kc l e r k
desse
rt
downtown
d rapes
d rugstorelpharmacy
ouprex
receptionist
pudding/dessert/sweet
(city)centre
curtarns
c h e m r s t (' s h o p )
semi-detached
vacatio n
v a c u u m( v)
v a c u u mc l e a n e r
vest
holiday(s)
hoover
hoover
waistcoat
E
eggplant
elevator
a ub e r gin e
lift
W
w i t h o r w i t h o u t( m i l k / c r e aim
n
coffee)
b l a c ko r w h i t e
F
fall
faucet
firstfloor,second
floor,etc
flashlight
Frenchfries
f r o n t d e s k( h o t e l )
au t um n
tap
groundfloor,firstfloor,
torch
chrps
reception
yard
g ar d e n
G
gar0aqe/trash
garbage
can
9as
g a ss t a t i o n
grade
rubbish
d ustbin/bin
petrol
p e t r o sl t a t i o n / g a r a g e
class/yea
r
Grammar
L
( p r o n o u n c e "dz, e e " )
zero
z r pc o d e
H e h a sj u s t o o n eo u t
H e l l o i,s t h r sS t e v e ?
H e l l o i,s t h a t S t e v e ?
Haveyou qot a car?
tnterm
ission
InrersectIon
intervaI
crossroa
ds
a car?/
DP-Yo-u-havc
Haveyou qqLa car?
J
j ani t o r
caretaker/porter
S p eIli n g
K
kerosene
paraffi n
solicitor
queue
lost property
M
marl
makea reservation
motorcycle
movte
moviehouse/theater
post
oooK
motorbike/motorcycle
film
ctnema
N
news-stand
newsagent
156
alumrnum
analyze
center
c he c k
color
honor
lewelry
practice(n,v)
program
realize
ti re
trave(l)ler
alumrntum
.^-t,,.^
centre
cheque
c o l o ur
h o n o ru
jeweliery
practise(v)
programme
realrse
tyre
traveller
Expression
wsi t h p r e p o s i t i o nasn d p a r t i c l e s
o
office(doctor's/dentist's)
one-way(ticket)
overails
"zael"\
n o u gh t
postcode
He u51 \vcnl out /
H e h a sj u s t q p n Co u t
I
Lwyer/attorney
i i ne
i o s ta n d f o u n d
i'nrnnnrrnrod
surgery
s i n g l e( t i c k e t )
dungarees
differentfrom/than
l i v eo n X s t r e e t
on a team
ontheweekend
M o n d a yt h r o u o hF r r d a y
differentfrom/to
livein X street
t na t e a m
at theweekend
M o n d a yt o F r i d a y
Irregular
Verbs
7
0e
bear
beat
become
begin
Drte
blow
0reaK
bring
build
burn
burst
0uy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
0eal
dis
do
dream
drink
drive
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fiee
flv
forbid
fnrnat
forgive
E"^^-^
| | ECZC
get
grve
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
rea0
learn
leave
lend
let
wa5
been
lie
bore
born(e)
light
beat
beaten
lose
became
become
make
began
begun
mean
0tr
bitten
meet
blew
pay
0rown
broke
put
broken
brought
brought
read
built
built
ride
b u r n t( b u r n e d )
b u r n t( b u r n e d )
rrng
burst
burst
fl5e
bought
bought
run
( b e e na b l et o )
cout0
say
caught
caught
see
chose
chosen
seek
came
come
5 e tI
coSt
cost
send
CUt
cut
set
dealt
dealt
5ew
dug
dug
SnaKe
did
done
shine
d r e a m t ( d r e a m e d )d r e a m t ( d r e a r n e d ) Snoor
0ranK
drunk
SNOW
drove
driven
s hu t
aIe
eaten
s rn g
fell
fallen
sit
fed
fed
sleep
felt
felt
Smetl
fought
fought
speak
found
found
sperl
fled
fled
spend
flew
flown
spilr
<nrarr'l
forbade
forbidden
forgot
forgotten
sprng
forgave
forgiven
stand
froze
frozen
steaI
got
got
stick
gave
grven
strng
went
gone
stink
grew
grown
sttKe
h u n g( h a n g e d )
h u n g( h a n g e d )
SWear
na0
had
sweep
heard
near0
SWtm
hid
hidden
take
hit
hit
teacn
held
held
tear
hurt
NUTI
t el l
kept
kept
think
knew
known
throw
laid
laid
understand
led
te0
wake
l e a r n (t l e a r n e d )
l e a r n (t l e a r n e d )
wear
left
left
lent
lent
write
reI
let
lay
lit
lost
made
meant
met
pard
put
read
rode
ran9
rose
ran
s ai d
5aw
sought
50to
sent
set
sewed
SnooK
shone
shot
showed
s hu t
sang
sat
slept
s m e l t( s m e l l e d )
spoke
l aI n
lit
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
fl5en
run
said
Seen
sought
sold
sent
set
SCWN
shaken
shone
shot
shown
s hu t
sung
)dL
srepr
s m e l t( s m e l l e d )
spoken
snplt lcnolled)
cnolf lcnellod)
spenr
split
spread
spran9
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
struck
SWOre
swept
SWam
took
taught
tore
told
t h o u gh t
threw
understood
spent
split
spread
s p r un g
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
WOKC
wore
won
wrote
\
SIUNK
struck
SWOrn
swept
SWUM
taken
t au g h t
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
worn
won
written
/
157
WordList
\
funny(adj)/f4ni/
husband(n) /hazbend/
Unit2a
(adj)/hq:rdw3:rkniin one'searlyteens(phr)
hardworking
annoyed(adj)/enodi
a m p h i b i a(nn ) / e m f t b i e n /
helpful(adj)/helpfr-:l/
introduce(v) /tntredju:s/
babysit(v) /berbisrti
a t r i s k( p h 0
highflier(n) /har flaer/
likeable(adj)/larkebal/
bark(v) /bo:rki
baldeagle(n) /bold tgal/
honest(adj)/pnrst/
lovely(adj)/l4vli/
benefit(n) /benrfrt/
Bengal
tiger(n) /be1gc:lt4ger/
(adj)Imed5rnetrv/ mean(adj)/mqn/
imaginative
bulb(n) /bllb/
(n) /balsen/
bison
joyful (adj)/d5crfol/
(adj)/mrdelerd5d/
middle-aged
chance(n) /U_Snsl
boa (n) lboael
(n) /mesto:J/
killjoy(n) /krldScr/
moustache
chase(v) /tJers/
brownhare(n) /braon heer/
(n) Aetziboanzl
lazybones
n e v e rm i n d( p h r )
chat (v) itIaetl
(n) /tJtmpenzt/
chimpanzee
mop (v) imppl
of averageheight(phr)
cheerfuIly (adv)/tlrerfoli/
(n) /tlrntltle/
chinchilla
noseyparker(n) /noozi pq:rker/ plump(adj)/pl4mp/
clearaway(phrv) /kler ewg/
(adv)/kemplltlr/
completely
notice(v) /neqtrs/
slim(adj)/slrm/
daffodil(n) /defedrl/
(n) /k4ntrisard/
countryside
polish(v) /polrji
straight(adj)/stretl
depend(v) /drpend/
(phr v) /k4t daoni
cut
down
privacy(n) /prlvesii
stranqer(n) /strerndre7
dig (v) /drg/
danger(n) /dernd5eri
pursue(v) /persjq/
takecare(phr)
(adj)/dlsepcrnhd/
disappointed
(v) /dlseppr/
disappear
(v) /rrzembal/
resemble
talkative(adj)itc:ketrvi
display(n) /drsple/
endangered(adj)/rndelnd5erd/
scatterbra
in (n) /skpqterbrern/ wavy (adj)/wervi/
do sb a favour(phr)
e n v i r o n m e n tgarlo u p( n )
selfish(adj)/selfrj/
wife (n) /waf/
doubt (n) /dauv
gru:p/
/rnvarerenmentol
(adj)/senslblei
sensible
drivesb crazy(phr)
(n) /rksttnkfeni
nction
exti
sillybilly(n) /srlibrli/
U n i t1 e
(adj)/rmbarest/
embarrassed
farmland(n) /fo;rmland/
(adj)
sly
/sla/
age (n) /etdS/
feed (v) /fid/
fence(n) /fens/
smartalec(n) /smo:rta[k/
gardener(n) /go.rdener/
cook(n) /kok/
forest(n) /fonst/
<rr..acq 1n\ /eckqac/
get along(phrv) /get elBn/
d r o ps b a l i n e( p h r )
fur (n) /fs:r/
(adj)/seksesf<;l/
successful
grateful(adj)/gretfotl
exchange
student(n)
grain(n) /grern/
takecareof (phr)
grow (v) /gr9o/
/rkstJernd5
stju:dont/
hedgerow(n) /hed5rocr/
thoughtful(adj)iOc:tfoll
host(n) /hoost/
keen(adj)/ktn/
hunt (v) /h^nt/
(n) /trnbol
troublemaker
merker/
Keepan eyeon (pnr)
keepin touch(phr)
(n) /hnnter/
hunter
vacuum(v) /vrekju:m/
shy(adt)l[at
keepon goodterms(phr)
(n) ilnsekt/
insect
workaholic(n) /ws:rkehp[k/
neighbour(n) /nerber/
jungle(n) /d54ngol/
plant(v) /plcnt/
C u l t u r eC l i p1
lake(n) /lerk/
U n i t1 c
seed(n) /s1d/
l a n d( n ) / l e n d /
bowlerhat (n) iboulerhet/
caviar(n) lkevrs!l
snowdrop(n) /sno<;drop/
leaflet(n) /liflet/
(v)
depict /drprkt/
cost (v) /kost/
thankful(adj)/Oenkfoll
double-decker
bus(n) /d^bel lizard(n) llqetdl
(adj)/rkspensrv/
expensive
tulip (n) /t1u:hp/
macaw(n) /mekq/
deker bns/
h a n d s o m(ea d j )/ h e n s e m /
m a m m a(l n ) / m a m e l /
(adj)Iksqntnk/
eccentric
honestly(adv)/pnrstli/
U n i t1 b
moth (n) /mp0/
emotion(n) irmooJen/
kid (v) iktdl
naturalhabitat(n) /neetlerel
achieve(v) /etftv/
extreme(adj)/rkstrfmf
(n) /nekhs/
necklace
habrtaet/
get off (phr v) /gqt pf/
active(adj) lpkltvl
(n) /pe'fc:rmens/
performance
(n) lga[enl
ocean
(adj)
(adj)
ambitious
important
/ambdesl
Impc;rtent/
potion(n) /po<;Jen/
(n)
otter
/pter/
i n a c o m i c al li q h t( p h r )
bat (n) /bet/
secret(n) /sLknt/
(
n
)l p e n d e l
p
a
n
d
a
bee (n) /bli
mind(n) lmarndl
s n o w m a n( n ) / s n o < ; m e n r
(adj)
polluted
/pelu:trOl
(adj)/SUIO
behave(v) /brhervi
old-fashioned
sound(v) /saond/
(n)
pollution
ipelqlon/
blind(adj) lbtandt
faJend/
tour (n) /toeri
p o n d( n ) / p o n d i
(adj)/keerles/
part (n) /pq:rtl
careless
trumpet(n) /trnmpt/
prairie(n) lpreanl
polite(adj) lpalatll
caring(adj)/keerrl/
rare(adj)/reer/
politeness
(n) /pel4tnesi
cause(v) /kc:z/
1
d
U
n
i
t
reptile(n) lreplarll
probably(adv)/probeblri
chatterbox(n) /tleqterbpks/
(n) /sand/
sand
(adj)
punctual(adj)/panktluell
bald
/bc:ld/
childish(adj)/tjarldrl/
(n) /s!. ts:rtal/
sea
turtle
beard(n) /brerd/
creative(adj)/krrelrv/
reputation(n) /repjoterJen/
(n)
species
/spllrz/
(n) iklo:smat/
classmate
curious(adj)/kjoeries/
reserved(ad1)lrvs.tvdl
spotted
dolphin(n) /spBtrd
(adj)/so:rkestlk/
co-worker(n) /koo ws:rker/ sarcastic
develop(v) /drvelepi
dplfin/
(adj)
curly(adj)/ks:rlii
disorganised
s e n s eo f h u m o u r( p h r )
(n) /skwlrel/
squirrel
(n)
(adj)
employee
/lmploi:/
sensitive
/drsc.rgenazdi
isensdrv/
(adj)
tiny
/tarni/
(n)
(v)
(adj)
employer /rmploer/
dust /d^st/
stiff
/strf/
(n)
toad
/to<-id/
(adj)
(adj)
easy-going /i:zigo<tr1/ energetic
/qnerd5qtrk/
subtle(adj)/satal/
variety(n) /ver4ti/
fair (adj)/feer/
forgetful(adj)ffergetfol/
thank (v) l9a-lkl
wetlands(n) /wetlendz/
friendly(adj)/frendli/
tolerant(adl)/tolerent/
fox (n) ifoks/
U n i t1 a
158
,rd"
n
.,s
I
Word List
.
wild (n) lwatldl
wildlife(n) /warldlarf/
wolf (n) /wolf/
woodlands(n) /w<;dlendzi
ann<ar\/a
i/ri\ /kcnca
\ v / , | \ v | | v v l
rril
v /
consider(v) /kenslder/
crop(n) /krop/
dorrarco
/rr\
\v/
/rirlz ri, . cu / /
/ v,,\,
disoaso (n\ ldrzrz I
U n i t2 b
drop (v) /drpp/
field (n) /fildi
add (v) ieqdl
gateway(n) /gqtwe/
adopt(v) /edppt/
(n) /qqtmesfer/ hedge(n) /hed5/
atmosphere
improve(v) /rmpru:v/
campaign(n) /kampern/
(v)/kemju:nrket/increase(v) /rnkrls/
communicate
lead(n) /led/
cool(v) iku:l/
litter(n) /l$erl
edSje(n) leOSl
(n) /meJqneri/
machinery
erosion(n) irro<.l.ren/
(n)
property
/prpperti/
(adj)/rgzc:strd/
exhausted
(n)
public
/p4blrk/
factorywaste(n) /fektri welst/
f exible(adj)/fleksrbol/
ground(n) igra<;nd/
heat(v) /hlt/
h o l e( n ) i h o < ; l /
(n) /1lnes/
illness
invent(v) /rnvent/
level(n) /levali
l i n e r( n ) A a n e t l
(n) /ltvrrl
livingconditions
kend{enzl
lonely(adj)/loonli/
m e d i c i n(en ) / m e d s e n /
oxygen(n) /pksrd5on/
protect(v) /pretekt/
provide(v) /prevard/
publictransport(n) /p4btrk
trenspc:rtl
radiation(n) /rerdierJan/
ratse\v) lretzl
recycle(v) /rlsarkel/
reduce(v) /rrdju:s/
(v) /rrlts/
release
remove(v) /rrmu:v/
rubbish(n) irtbrJl
shade(n) /ierd/
shallow(ad1)l[aloal
shelter(n) 4elter/
stze(n) lsavl
sofr (adj)isBft/
soil(n) /sql/
(n) /sto:rverlen/
starvation
stone(n) /sto<;n/
tear (v) /teer/
turn up (phrv) /ts:rnnp/
(ad1)/4ltrevarelet/
ultraviolet
warmth(n) /wc:rm0/
U n i t2 c
advice(n) /aedvars/
collect(v) /kelekt/
conclude(v) /kenklu;d/
ro<na.t
/ r r \ //, r rr cv ynvo, \k1 l, /
\v/
safe(adj)/sef/
sign(n) /san/
spread(v) /spred/
stray(adj)/strg/
weatherforecast(n) /wede'
fc:rkq:st/
U n i t2 d
admire(v) /edmarer/
bin (n) /btn/
camp (v) lka-,mpl
climate(n) /klamet/
create(v) /kriet/
deserve(v) ldtzs'.tvl
energy(n) /enerd5r/
excuse(n) /rksktqs/
fresh(adj)/frq[/
nature(n) lnql[etl
pickup (phrv) /ptk ry/
save(v) /serv/
silence(n) /sallens/
snack(n) isnek/
solarpower(n) /soolerpaoer/
suppose(v) /sepooz/
throw (v) iOrqol
:
d
(v) /kentemrnert/ factor (n) lf ekte(l
contaminate
fly (n) lttal
(adv)/frantrkli/
frantically
(n) /hederk/
headache
g o w r o n g( p h r )
loss(n) /lps/
imagine(v) /rmred5rn/
mrte(n) /mAt/
(n)
inconvenience
object(v) /ebd5gkt/
/rnkenvi:niens/
(n) /pestrsald/
pesticide
lookforwardto (phrv) ilok
poison(n) lpctzenl
fc:rwerdte/
prevent(v) /prrvent/
ln<e nno'< tamnor i'nhr\
rat (n) /r@t/
nasty(adj)/nqstr/
skin(n) /sk1n/
nightmare(n) /na{meer/
spray(n/v)/sprg/
n o t a s o u li n s i g h t( p h r )
stomachache(n) /stnmokerki queue(n) /k1q/
tick (n) /trk/
(n) /rrsepJan/
reception
toxic(adj)/toksrk/
relaxed(adj)/nlakstl
useful(adj)/ju:sfoli
(adj)/rrlrvOl
relieved
weed (n) /w!d/
remote(adj)/rrmqlfti
reputable(adj)/replotebal/
Eco-friends
1
resort(n) lrvclIl
reveal(v) /rrv;l/
(n) /eplarensrz/
appliances
rush(v) /r Il
average(adj)/pqverrd5/
(n) /sqn/
scene
bulk(n) /balk/
(n)
staff
/stqf/
cartridge(n) /kq;rtrrd5/
(adj)
terrified
/tenfard/
charity(n) lt[a-ntrl
(n) itreval
cut down on (phrv) /k4t daon travelinsurance
rnJoerens/
pn/
(adv)/3;rd5entli/
urgently
(adv)
efficiently
/f{ontli/
(v)
wander
/wpnder/
(n) /rlektrtsrti/
electricity
(v)
warn
lwc.rnl
excess(n) /rkses/
(adj)/floeresent/ wave (v) /werv/
fluorescent
fuel (n) /flu:el/
U n i t3 b
q e t r i do f ( p h r )
lightswitch(n) /lat swrtl/
a i rc o n d i t i o n i n(gn ) / C q ,
material(n) /metreriel/
kend{anrq/
output (n) /AUtput/
amazed(adj)/emerzdi
print (v) /prlnt/
boardingpass(n) /bc:rdrqpo:s/
printer(n) /prlnter/
boot (n) /bltitl
product(n) /prodnkti
buffet car (n) /b4ferko:ri
(adj)/rqtJqrd5ebol/carriage
rechargeable
(n) /kend5/
(n) lrzc!stzl
resources
(adj)/k4mftebal/
comfortable
sheet(n) /ltt/
(n)
compartment
tap (n) /tapi
/kempo:rtment/
turn off (phrv) /ts:rnef/
(n) /kpnfrens/
conference
turn on (phrv) /ts:rnpn/
U n i t2 e
crew (n) /krq/
valuable(adj)/veljuebal/
cruise(n) /kru:z/
(n)
advertisement
waste(v) /werst/
deck(n) /dek/
/aedvs:rtrsment/
(n) /drserbold
disabled
facilities
entry(n) ientril
U
n
i
t
3
a
fesrlrtiz/
last(v) /lo:st/
dropoff (phrv) /drpp qf/
(n) /nfreJments/ assume(v) /esju:m/
refreshements
(n) /festltiz/
facilities
(n) /bs;rO
birthcertificate
volunteer(n) /volenter/
(n)
flight
ffl4tl
sertrfrket/
h
e
a
l
t
h
c l u b( n ) / h e l 0 k l n b /
book (v) /bok/
C u rri cu lC
au
r t2
check-indesk(n) /tJqkrn desk/ h u s t l ea n d b u s t l e( p h r )
cancer(n) /kenser/
(n) /destrnerlan/ luggage(n) /l4grdS/
destination
(n) /kemrkalz/
chemicals
magical(adj)imed5rkal/
discover(v) /drsknver/
(n) /kokroutf/
cockroach
(adj)/memerebal/
memorable
(n) /rksppriens/
experience
c o m m o n l(ya d v )/ K o m e n l i /
n
o
w
a
n
d
a
g
a i n( p h r )
expirydate(n) /lkspareridqt/
(adj)/kenss:rnd/
concerned
159
WordList \
*n -*o
i\lp
F
cr:rad /:di\ /ekarrd/
(n) /pesrnd5er/
passenger
p i c ka n dc h o o s e( p h r )
sightseeing
tour (n) /saltsi:rr3
platform(n) /plqqtfc:rm/
toer/
port (n) /pc:rt/
swirl(v) /sws:rll
retreat(n) /ntr!.t/
worried(adj)/w4rid/
rip off (phrv) lrp pfI
roadmap(n) /rood mep/
U n i t3 e
(n) /ru:msg:rvrs/
roomservice
(n) /adventJer/
adventure
rural(adj)lraerell
(adv)/kjoeriesli/
curiously
rushhour(n) lr4Jaaetl
drag(v) ldregl
s a f ea n ds o u n d( p h r )
exotic (adj) hgzBtrkl
scrimpand save(phr)
(adv)/rkstrlmli/
extremely
seatbelt(n) /sttbelt/
(n) /frergrens/
fragrance
set off (phr v) iset pfi
herd(n) /hs:rdl
stop off (phr v) /stpp pfi
incident(n) /lnsrdent/
take off (phr v) /terk pf/
romance(n) /remans/
wave off (phr v) /werv ofl
slam(v) lsla-ml
(n) /hwLltJeer
wheelchair
access
stare(v) /steer/
ekses/
J ! v I
v v
\ v v ] /
prove(v) /prqv/
rely(v) lnlal
remain(v) /nmqn/
respect(n) /nspekt/
skill(n) /skrl/
sneeze(v) /snlz/
socialsituation(n) /spq[6r
srtJuerlon/
society(n) /sesauti/
spill(v) /sprl/
treat (v) /tr1t/
value(v) lvallu.l
(adj)/wel
well-behaved
brhevd/
yawn (v) /jc:n/
(n) /kwohfikelfen/
qualification
(n) /nhs:rsal/
rehearsal
(n) /ledju:l/
schedule
srionro
1n\
/qarcne/
(adj)isekendri/
secondary
seminar(n) /semrno:r/
settledown (phrv) /set"
oaon/
-+^+^ /-!;\
>LqLq \ouJl
/^+^,+/
/DLqt/
take down (phr v) /terk daon/
term (n) /ts:rm/
threaten(v) iOreteni
tutor (n) /tjuiter/
(n) /ju:nrvs:rsti/
university
Unit4c
U n i t4 b
argue(v) la.tgju.l
(n) /ebsons/
absence
detention(n) /drtenJen/
apply(v) /epla/
essay(n) /ese/
art (n) /o:rtl
C u l tu re
C l i p3
go on an excursion
(phr)
U n i t3 c
blame(v) /blerm/
(adv)
hardly
lho.rdltl
a m u s e m e npta r k( n )
announce(v) /enaons/
breakdown (phrv) /brerk
lookfor (phrv) /lok ferl
/emjuzmentpo:rkl
a n n o u n c e m e(nnt )
0aon/
lucky(adj)/llki/
attend(v) ietend/
canteen(n) /kentLni
ienaonsment/
(n) /prodSekt/
prolect
camper(n) /kamper/
approach(v) /eproot/
catchup (phr v) /katf ry/
(v)
sign /sani
chalet(n) {ale/
(n) ikempsart/
campsite
certificate(n) /serttfrket/
cosy(adj)lkoazil
(adj)
(adj)/koo
complimentary
co-educational
U n i t4 d
feature(n) /fltJer/
ikomphmenteri/
ed5<;ka.[enel/
gain(v) /gern/
appreciate(v) /eprrJiert/
duty freeshop(n) idjuti fri: Ipp/
college(n) /kplrd:/
location(n) /lookerlon/
(n) /esarnment/
assignment
grab(v) lgrebl
(adj)ikemp4lseri/
compulsory
(n) ilaodspiker/
loudspeaker
(v)
borrow /boro<.t/
head(v) /hed/
costume(n) /kpstlu:m/
packageholidays
(n) /pekrd5
givesb a lift (phr)
(adj)/lng5oeries/
luxurious
course(n) /kc:rs/
hplrdeiz/
h a n di n ( p h rv ) / h e n d 1 n /
mystery(n) /mlsteri/
d e a d l i n(en ) / d q d l a r n i
(n) /plergraond/
playground
handout (phrv) /hand Cot/
penthouse
suite(n) /pentha<;s
degree(n) idrgrtl
popularity(n) ipppjulerrti/
havea toothache(phr)
swi:t/
d i p l o m a( n ) / d r p l o o m e /
remind(v) /rrmalnd/
(phr)
leavea messaSe
porter(n) lpc.rle(I
dropout (phrv) /drop 4ot/
roomy(adj)/ru:mi/
lend(v) /lend/
rent (v) /rent/
enrol(v) lnroull
survive(v) /servarv/
m a k ea p r o m i s (ep h r )
scubadiving(n) /sku:bedavrrl/
event(n) irventl
tent (n) /tent/
postpone(v) /poospo<;ni
(n) /srfel/
(n) /rksepJen/
seashell
exception
theatreshow(n) iOliete'Joo/
staff room(n) /stq:f ru:m/
tour guide(n) /tcrergald/
exhibition(n) /qksrb{an/
unusual(adj)/nnjU;luel/
go down (phrv) /goo daon/
unpack(v) / npek/
water park(n) /wc:terpo:rkl
Unit4e
graduate(v) /gredlued/
(n) /edvo:ntrd5/
advantage
gym (n) /d51m/
U n i t3 d
Unit4a
choose(v) lIIqzl
headteacher(n) /hed tftje'/
adult(n) la-dnltl
L.--;/-,.J;\
tE^,^t.
I
ud)rL
/uglDln/
(v) ikonsantrert/
\ouJl
(n) /hedmo:ster/ concentrate
headmaster
architecture(n) /qrkrtektfer/
breakbad habits(phr)
join (v) /d5crni
dealwith (phrv) /dLlwr6/
(adj)/everlebal/
available
b r e a kt h e l a w ( p h r )
( ne)
disadvantag
lab(n) /leb/
blow (v) /blqoi
bringup (phrv) /brtn p/
(n) /ekllatl
/dlsedvo:ntrd5i
lecture
coachtrip (n) /kSotitrrp/
comment(v) /koment/
(n) /dlsrphn/
discipline
let down (phrv) /let daon/
(n) /komentrii
commentary
crime(n) lKratml
(v)
identify
/ardentrfa/
l i b r a r i a(nn ) / l a b r e e r i e n /
confused(adj)/kenfju:zdl
(v) /rnk4nd5/
encourage
(n) /atbreril
m a i n( a d j )/ m e r n i
library
drizzle(v) ldrLzall
grow up (phrv) /groo 4p/
missout (phrv) /mls qot/
nursery(n) /ns:rseri/
frustrated(adj)/f rnstrqtrd/
guilty(adj)/gtlti/
outweigh(v) /aqtwe/
playingfield(n) /pletInfi:ld/
guidedtour (n) /gardrdtoer/
instruct(v) /rnstrnkt/
(n) /prerpreJer/
peerpressure
present(v) lprzenll
hotel staff (n) /hqqtel sto:f/
(adj)/laf
life-changing
peers(n) ipprzl
primary(adj)/prarmeri/
howl (v) /haol/
tJernd5rrl/
resist(v) /nz1st/
private(adj)lprarvftl
(adj)/medrlvol/
medieval
m a n n e (r n ) / m e n e r /
share(v) iJgerl
professor
(n) /prefeser/
pour (v) /pc;r/
ordinary(adj)iqrdrnril
trendy(adj)/trendi/
160
*1"
t
Word List
*
&
C u r r i c u l aCru t4
(adj)irntrlektluel/
intellectual
legend(n) iled5end/
afford(v) lafc.rdl
lure(v) /ljoeri
baggage(n) /begrdS/
magic(n) lma-d3tkl
cartoonstrip(n) /ko:rtu:nstnp/
magician(n) /med5il"n/
common(adj)/kpmen/
mean(ad1)/m1n/
c o m p l i m e n( tn ) / k p m p l r m e n t /
(adj)/monstres/
monstrous
foolish(adj)/fu:lrIl
(adj)/mrstreries/
mysterious
ignorant(adj)/tgnerent/
myth (n) /m10/
1otdown (phrv) /dSBtdaun/
nasty(adj)/nq:sti/
(n) /npnsens/
1onsense
numerous(adj)/nju:meras/
novel(n) /npvel/
pointed(adj)/punhd/
politics(n) /polftrks/
power(n) lpaaatl
saucy(adj)/sc:si/
powerful(adj)/paoerfoli
theatrecritic(n) iOleterkrrtrk/
project(v) /pred5ekt/
riddle(n) /r1dal/
Eco-friends
2
sailor(n) iserleri
adapt(v) ledepll
slaying(n) /slem/
alive(adj)/elarv/
speed(n) /sp1d/
bud (n) /bld/
spiky(adj)/sparki/
(adj)/ko:rnrveres/steer(v) /stpr/
carnivorous
comeup with (phrv) /k4m 4p symbol(n) /slmbel/
wr6/
tail (n) /terl/
digest(v) /dad5est/
treasure(n) /trq5er/
escape(v) /rskerp/
r rn f n r n e l - i e h l o / : n l i \
hang(v) /hen/
/4nfergetebol/
hollow(adj)/ho.loo/
unicorn(n) /ju:nrkc:rnl
leaf(n) /lf/
vast(adj)/vo;st/
m i n e r a(ln ) / m l n e r e l /
waist (n) /welst/
nutrient(n) /njqtrient/
wing (n) /w4/
root (n) /rqt/
wise (adj)/warzi
(adj)islperil
slippery
stem(n) /stem/
U n i t5 b
sticky(adj)/sttki/
angry(adj)lerlgtl
trap (n) /trep/
bloodisthickerthanwater(phr)
chain(n) /tjern/
U n i t5 a
check(v) /tjek/
ancient(adj)/enlentl
control(v) /kentrooli
attach(v) leletr/
crackle(v) ikrekell
attract(v) /etrekt/
creak(v) /krik/
attractive(adj)/etrektrv/
ecstatic(adj)/ekstaqtrk/
cave(n) /ke1v/
excited(adj)/rksartrd/
claw(n) /klc:/
floorboard(n) /flc:rbc:rd/
coat (n) /ke]tt/
frightened(adj)/fr4tand/
(adj)/kaontles/
countless
frown (v) lfraanl
creature(n) /krltler/
gasp(v) /go:sp/
evil(n) [val/
get bloodout of a stone(phr)
fear (v) /frer/
howl (v) /haol/
fierce(adj)/frers/
impatient(adj)irmperJent/
forehead(n) /fond/
i n c o l db l o o d( p h r )
giant(n) /d5arent/
knock(v) /nok/
glossy(adj)iglpsr/
lay(v) /le/
guard(v) /gq:rdl
m a k eo n e ' sb l o o db o r l( p h r )
heal(v) /hrl/
monster(n) /monster/
hero(n) lhteroal
petrified(adj)/petnfadl
horn(n) /hc:rnl
rattle(v) /rgqtel/
immortal(adj)/rmc:rtel/
rumble(v) /rnmbel/
immune(adj)/rmtu:n/
v
|
| | v I
y !
l \ v v | l
\ u v ) l
rustie(v) irnsol/
shake(v) /lek/
shocked(adj)4pktl
sleepy(adj)/slrpi/
(adj)/serprarzd/
surprised
sweatblood(phr)
tap (v) /tep/
terrified(adj)/terrfard/
thunder(n) /0nnder/
tremble(v) /trembel/
violence(n) /valelens/
witness(v) /wltnes/
Unit5c
belief(n) /brllf/
b u i l da f i r e( p h r )
(v)/selrbrert/
celebrate
dragon(n) /dregen/
festival(n) /festrval/
figure(n) /f1ger/
lantern(n) /laentern/
mask(n) /mo;sk/
oversleep(v) /qgversllp/
prize(n) lprarzl
p u m p k i n( n ) / p 4 m p k r n /
(v) lrekegnarzl
recognise
ritual(n) lrfil<sell
roam(v) lro<sml
scary(adj)/skeeri/
(n) /ved5rteerien/
vegetarian
villager(n) /v1lrd5er/
witch (n) /wttl/
&
dq
c
@
."a
M
dR
ff
F"
scream(v) /skr1m/
qhonhord
i\ ,/ n, /\ // [ a n c r dv//
JvYv
spot (v) /spBt/
C u l t u r eC l i p5
a u d i e n c(en ) i q d r e n s /
definitely(adv)/dqfrnrtli/
emotional(adj)/rmociJenel/
(adj)/entertelnrn/
entertaining
(adj)/fasrnertrl/
fascinating
frightening(adj)/fr4tenrq/
haunted(adj)/hc:ntrd/
havefun (phr)
inciude(v) Inklu;d/
joke (n) id5o<;k/
journey(n) /dJs:rni/
maze(n) lmevl
participation
(n) /po:rtlsrperfan/
(adj)/praktrk"l/
practical
traditional(adj)itred{en"l/
Unit6a
action(n) lq,K[anl
alien(n) /erlien/
animation(n) /aenrmq[en/
(n) /blokbnster/
blockbuster
blow up (phrv) /blo<-r
lp/
box office(n) /bpks ofrsi
breathelife(phr)
cartoon(n) /ko:rtu:n/
c o m e d y( n ) / k o m e d i /
(v) /drskrarb/
describe
destroy(v) /drstrq/
U n i t5 d
detective(adj)/drtektrv/
(
p
h
r
)
drama(n) /drq:me/
c h a n g eo n e ' sm i n d
decline(v) /drklarn/
dream(v) /drim/
fed up with (phr)
empire(n) /qmpareri
(n) /grervjo:rdl
graveyard
e n c o u r a g e m e(nnt)
refuse(v) lrfiju.zl
/lnknrrd5ment/
entire(adj) hnlarctl
skeleton(n) /skelften/
film (v) ifrlml
skull(n) /sklli
(adj)
freedom(n) /frtdem/
spooky
/spu:krl
galaxy(n) /geleksi/
h a p p i n e s( n
s )/ h e p i n e s /
U n i t5 e
(adj)/hrstorrkel/
historical
chilled(adj)/thld/
horror(n) lhoratl
coach(n) /kqqtJ/
(n) ilmred5rnerJon/
imagination
complain(v) /kemplern/
invade(v) Inverd/
cottage(n) /kqtrdS/
liberty(n) /llberti/
deserted(adj)/drzs:rtrd/
(adj)/masrvi
(adv)/desperetli/ massive
desperately
mission(n) imtlen/
distance(n) /dtstens/
planet(n) /plenrt/
grumpily(adv)/gr4mpili/
plot (n) /plBt/
head(v) /hed/
reflect(v) lrflekll
j/
(adv)/mlzerebal
miserably
romance(n) /remans/
moor(n) /moer/
science
fiction(n) /sarens
patiently(adv)iperJantli/
flkJen/
(adj)/pontles/
pointless
161
WordList \ t\\r
..- ***tfl
sequel(n) /slkwal/
ovation(n) /o<;verlon/
nseV aA ( adi\
lnmkl
/
(n)
spaceship /spersJrp/
specialeffects(n) ispqfol fekts/ pause(v) /pc:z/
star (v) isto:r/
p a ya n a r ma n da l e g( p h r )
sunset(n) /snnset/
plug in (phrv) /plag tn/
(adj)/su:perfo:st/ press(v) /pres/
superfast
sword(n) /sc:rdl
p u l li n ( p h rv ) / p o l t n /
thriller(n) /Ortler/
radio(n) /rerdioo/
trilogy(n) itrlled5i/
rollercoaster(n) /rouler
(n)
universe /ju:nrvs:rsi
kooster/
(n) /sineri/
war (n) /wc:r/
scenery
western(n) /westerni
stadium(n) /sterdiem/
stayin (phrv) /stertn/
U n i t6 b
subtitle(n) /s4btartel/
switchoff (phr v) /swrti Bf/
album(n) lq,lbeml
switchon (phrv) /sw{J pn/
(n) leplc'.zl
applause
take in (phrv) /terk1n/
band(n) lbandl
takethe world by storm(phr)
be in the mood(pnr7
track (n) /trek/
bowling(n) ibooln/
tray (n) itrgl
bringin (phrv) /brll tn/
tune (n) /tju:n/
button(n) /b4ton/
tune
in (phrv) /tju:ntn/
cast(n) iko:stl/
turn in (phrv) /tg;rntn/
complex(adj)/kompleks/
videorecorder(n) /vtdio<-l
crowd (n) lkraadl
rtkc:rder/
cut in (phr v) /klt tn/
(n) /websart/
website
digitalcamera(n) /dtd:rt"l
KAmro/
Unit6c
direction(n) /darekJeni
download(v) /daonlood/
arrange(v) /erernd5/
(v)
dub idabl
c o n f i r m a t i o(nn )
DVDplayer(n) /dl vi: di: plerer/
/konfermerl€n/
eject(v) /rd5ekt/
culture(n) /klltler/
enter (v) /qnter/
design(v) ldtzanl
fantasy(n) lfa-nlezil
enormous(adj)/rnc:rmes/
gadget(n) /gad5rti
(adj)
experimental
gamesconsole(n) /germz
/rksperrmentel/
kenso<_:l/
fashion(n) lte[anl
givein (phrv) /g1v1nl
fortunate(adj)/f c:rtJonrt/
go Dutch(phr)
funky (adj)ffa'lki/
gripping(adj)/gqprn/
havenot got a clue(phr)
h a n d h e l od r g a n i s e( n
r)
impact(n) /tmpekt/
ihandheld c:rgenalzer/ invest(v) Invest/
havea whaleof time (phr)
popular(adj)/poptoler/
highlight(v) /harlart/
program(v) /proogram/
(n)
hit
/ht/
smartly(adv)/smq:rtli/
insert(v) /rnss:rtl
spot (n) /spBt/
item (n) /4tem/
(n) /teknoledSr/
technology
laptop(n) /laptop/
teenager(n) /tLnerd5er/
live(adj)/larv/
trend(n) ltrendl
menu(n) /menju:/
youth(n) /ju:O/
m o b i l ep h o n e( n ) i m o o b a r l
foon/
U n i t6 d
MP3player(n) /qm pi: 0ri:
attitude(n) /etrtju:d/
pleler/
auctionsite(n) /c:kJon
sat/
(n)
musicalperformance
check(v) /tlek/
perfc;rmens/
I mJu'.ztkel
anmnt ttar qaraan ln\
o n t h e e d g eo f o n e ' ss e a t( p h r )
/kempjqterskri:n/
\uvJl
162
/ ywr\v
confident(adj)/konfrdent/
connect(v) /kenekt/
corrupt(v) /ker4pt/
crash(v) /kral/
delete(v) /drllt/
disk(n) idrsk/
(n)
encyclopaedia
/rnsarklepLdie/
file(n) /farl/
film site(n) /ftlm sart/
glue(v) /glU
install(v) /rnstc:l/
(n) /mq5ar/
measure
network(n) /nqtws;rkl
online(adjladv)
/Bnlarn/
password(n) /pq:sws:rd/
pessimistic
(adj)/pesrmlstrk/
recyclebin (n) /rLsarKal
bLn/
(adj)/nsppnsrbel/
responsible
restart(v) /risto;rtl
restore(v) /rrstc;r/
safe(adj)/sqf/
safety(n) /sqftr/
search
engine(n)/ss:rtfend5n/
server(n) /ss:rver/
shoppingsite(n) /Jopr1sart/
social(adj)/souJel/
software(n)/spftweer/
spam(n) /spem/
strike(v) istrark/
travelsite (n) /trrevolsat/
user(n) lju:zerl
virus(n) /vareres/
U n i t6 e
stunning(adj)/st4nrn/
superb(adj)/su:ps:rb/
type (n) /tap/
uncover(v) /Ank4ver/
unlock(v) /4nlok/
version(n) /vs;rJani
videogame(n) /vldioi: gelm/
Curricular
Cut6
(n)
advancement
/advo:nsment/
agile(adj)ledSarll
animated(adj)/enrmertrd/
(n) /aperqtes/
apparatus
attack(v) /etek/
author(n) icOerl
(adj)/kpmphkertrd/
complicated
cylinder(n) /sllrnder/
(adv)irnc:rmesli/
enormously
equipped(adj)/rkwpt/
(adj)
extraordinary
/tkstrc:rdenri/
framework(n) /f rermws:rkl
h a m m e r i n(gn ) / h e m e r r l /
hissing(n) /h1srr1/
hooting(n) /huitrn/
(n) /lnvegen/
invasion
machine(n) /meJtn/
m e c h a n i s (mn ) / m e k e n r z e m /
metallic(adj)/metehkl
(adv)/ekg5anli/
occasionally
occupant(n) /Bkjopent/
pit (n) /pt/
ruins(n) lrutnzl
scientific(adj)/saentfl ki
similar(adj)/slmrler/
tentacle(n) /tentekal/
thudding(n) /Oldrn/
vapour(n) /verper/
violent(adj)/varelent/
whisper(v) /hwlsper/
whistle(v) /hw1s"l/
(adj)/eekl"n
action-packed
pekti
(adj)/tJelrndyrl/
challenging
collect(v) /kelqkt/
crystal(n) /krlstel/
dark(adj)/do:rkl
difficulty(n) /dfrkelti/
dreadful(adj)/dredfull
graphics
(n) /grrefrks/
Eco-friends
3
(adj)/hrleerias/
hilarious
absolute(adj)/ebselu:t/
(adj)/lmed5rnetrvi
imaginative
(n) /quber5t:n/
aubergine
level(n) /leval/
balcony(n) /belkenr/
lyrics(n) /llnks/
bean(n) /bqn/
object(n) /pb{5rkt/
beetroot(n) ibltrut/
past(n) /po:st/
beginner(n) /brgtner/
predictable
(adj)/prrdlKtebal/
compost(n) /kpmpost/
price(n) /prals/
effort (n) /efert/
quality(n) /kwolrti/
healthy(adj)/helOil
single(adj)/sgngol/
herb(n) /he:rbl
sort (n) isc:rtl
labour(n) /etbarl
sound(n) /saond/
lettuce(n) /letrs/
storyli
ne (n) /stc:rilarn/
patience(n) /peilons/
,"
.
.
*
t
l
Word List
"J
4
pea(n) /pV
pepper(n) /peper/
pot (n) /pBt/
springonlon(n) /spr11nnjen/
strawberry(n) /strc:bri/
s u n l i g h(tn ) / s n n l a t /
taste(v) /terst/
tomato(n) /temq:tooi
"-n -d
ifl
payattention(phr)
U n i t7 d
payslip(n) /pers[p/
(n) /ekaontenti
accountant
(n)
(n) /fetogrefar/ apron iqpren/
photographer
application
form (n)
(adv)ibersrkli/
basically
pilot (n) lparlell
/eplkerJanfc:rm/
blouse(n) lblaazl
(n) /pellsmen/
policeman
apply(v) /eplq/
boot (n) /bqt/
(adj)/pcrerliperd/
poorly-paid
architect(n) /qrkltekt/
casual(adj) lKa-suell
(n) /prefefen/
profession
( a ) r o u ntdh e c l o c k( p h r )
clearaway(phrv) /klpr ewg/
promotion(n) /premo<-iJon/
artist(n) /q:'trst/
c o n g r a t u l a t i o(nns)
put through(phrv) /pqt Or!L/
(n) /estronemer/
astronomer
/kengretJolerlanz/
U n i t7 a
reach(v) irltll
bankclerk(n) /be1k klo:rki
customer(n) /knstemer/
(adj)/rrlarebel/
reliable
acquire(v) /ekwaler/
(n)
busdriver /b4s drarver/
do for a living(phr)
repetitive(adj)/rrpetrtrvl
(adj)
adventurous
(n) /blznls/
jeans(n) ld3;nzl
business
resign(v) lrvatnl
iedventJeres/
callit a day(phr)
order(n) lq.rde(l
(v) lriarctl
retire
anchor(n) /enker/
caring(adj) lkeerl4'l
overall(n) /qoverc.l/
(n) /rtsk terker/
risk-taker
rqno.t fn\ /mqnokt/
carpenter(n) /ko:rprnteri
part-time(adj)/po:rttarm/
satisfyi
ng (adj) /sq.etsf
arrrl/
career(n) lker:etl
carrythrough(phrv) /kreri
(n) 4Bp
shop
assistant
scientist(n) /sarentrst/
concern(n) /kenss:rnl
0ru:/
esrstent/
(n) /sekretri/
secretary
condition(n) /kendden/
cashier(n) lKel:erl
waiter (n) /welter/
securityguard(n) /srkjoentj
coralreef (n) ikorel rlifl
c o m p a n (yn ) / k l m p e n i /
go:rdl
daunting(adj)/dc:ntrl/
(n)
computerprogrammer
Unit7e
(adj)/self
self-employed
(n)
determination
ikempjqterproograemer/
advertise(v) I@dvettavl
rmplod/
/dtts:rmlnerjon/
(adj)
conventional
(n)
skiinstructor /skf rnstrnkter/ asset(n) lqsell
(adj)/drts:rmrnd/
determined
/kenvenJenel/
chatty(adj)/tfeeti/
socialworker(n) /sooJel
d i v e r( n ) l d a : a r l
(adj)/dedrketrd/
dedicated
currently(adv)/knrentli/
we:rker/
d i v i n g( n ) l d a l v l l
detail(n) /dlterl/
(n)
gwriter
departmentstore(n)
son
/sprlrarter/
dump(v) idlmp/
detective(n) /dtektrv/
(n)
stockbroker
/dlpo:rtment
stc:r/
/stpkbro<;ker/
earn(v) /s:rnl
(v) /dlsmls/
dismiss
(n) /feqmrliste{es/
(adj)/stresf<-rl/
family
status
stressful
educate(v) /edSoket/
dreamer(n) /drlmer/
I d o n ' tm i n d( p h r )
structure(n) /str4ktler/
ensure(v) ln[aarl
drving licence(n) idrarvrn
job title (n) /d5pb tartol/
(n) lta!EIl
target
equipment(n) /rkwpment/
larsons/
lively(adj)/larvli/
travelagent(n) /trevol
gain(v) /gern/
(n) /rlektrufen/
electrician
narcnn:l nr r:liiioc /n\
erd5ent/
(adj)/houmsrk/
homesick
e m p l o y m e n( nt ) / r m p l o m e n t i
(adj)/4nderperd/
underpaid
/ps:rsenel
kwplftjz/
(adj)/rmperetrvi a v n r a c < A r \ / r k c n r o c /
imperative
(n)
position
(adj)
unemployed
/pez1[an/
/4nrmplod/
i n j e o p a r d(yp h r )
factoryworker(n) /fektri
(n) /ws:rk
work experience
university
degree(n)
instructor(n) /rnstrnkter/
ws:rker/
rKspleriens/
/ju:nrve:rsrti
drgrl/
journalist(n) id5s:rnelrst/
fallthrough(phrv) ffc:l 0r!L/
(n) /verkensi/
vacancy
(n) /l1de'Jrp/
leadership
farmer(n) lfo.tme(l
(n)
C u l t u r eC l i p7
vet
/vqt/
marinelife(n) /merln lafl
focus(v) ifookes/
(n) /web
web designer
Rccfaator /n\ /hi fi irr/
(adv)/pbvresli/
obviously
get fired(phr)
dtzatnerl
perfect(adj)/ps:'frktl
boiled(adj)/bcrld/
g e t t h e s a c k( p h r )
(adj)/wel perdf
personality
(n) /ps:rsenalfti/ go through(phrv) igoo Oru:/ well-paid
cage(n) /kerd5/
progress(v) /pregres/
care(v) /keer/
goal(n) /go<.rll
U n i t7 c
relevant(adj)/relevent/
clip (v) /klrp/
(adj)
hardworking
(n)
(adv)
responsibil
ity
/rrsppnsrbilrtii /hq:rdws;rkr[/
crumble(v) /krnmbal/
abroad
/ebrc:d/
(adj)
(adj)/drpendebal/
rewarding
dependable
/rwc:rdr1/
b e i n t r o u b l e( p h r )
industry(n) itndestri/
salary(n) /seleri/
diet (n) /dArqti
b e o n t i m e( p h r )
(adj)/tntrestrl/
interesting
e{iq:<tor 1n\ /clrzn efrri
shift (n) 4rftl
(adj)Investrgetrv/ breakone'spromise(phr)
investigative
souvenir(n) /su:vener/
fall upon(phrv) fc:l epon/
hire(v) /harer/
Iawyer(n) /lcrer/
(v)
spirit(n) /sptrrt/
fate (n) ifqtl
interview
/Intervju:/
(n)
listener illsner/
guard(v) /gq;rdl
suit (n) /sltitl
promise
(phr)
keep
one's
lookthrough(phrv) /lok Oru:/
guide(v) /gard/
tempt (v) /tempt/
(n)
mortgage /mc:rgrd5/
manager(n) /manrd5er/
(phr)
touchwood
pocketmoney(n) /ppklt mnnii health(n) /helOi
(n) imrkanrki
mechanic
(v)
train /tretn/
keepan eyeon (phr)
save(v) /sqv/
nurse(n) /ns:rs/
unharmed(adj)/4nho:rmd/
legend(n) /led5and/
(n) /pktoperlen/ stylist(n) /stalrst/
occupation
wages(n) lwetd3rzl
lockup (phrv) /lok np/
officeworker(n) /pfrs w3;rker/ tiring (adj) llarcrrr,l
wear (v) /weer/
look
after(phrv) /lok o:fter/
(n)
opportunity /Bpertju:nti/
m
a
k
es u r e( p h r )
overworked(adj)/goverws:rkt/
meat (n) /mlitl
U n i t7 b
\v/
,r ,\vy,
vv,
163
WordList \
il$
' d d r r d d t u w F * * * * d
breakinto (phrv) /brerkrntei thief (n) /0ff/
nation(n) lneldanl
permanent(adj)/ps:rmenent/ b r e a kt h e l a w( p h r )
trolley(n) itrolrl
prepare(v) /prrpeer/
burglar(n) ibs:rgler/
try on (phrv) llrat onl
(n) /rervonmo:ster/burglary(n) /bs:rgleri/
ravenmaster
unattended(adj)/4netendrd/
raw (ad) lrqJ
burgle(v) /bs:rgel/
v a l u a b l e( sn ) / v e l j u e b a l z /
(n) /rezrdens/
residence
cancel(v) /kensal/
verdict(n) /vs:rdrkt/
(n)
reston sb'sshoulder(phr)
cashcard ikeJ ko:rdl
wallet(n) /wolrti
(phr)
catchsb red-handed
soaked(adj)/sooktl
warn (v) lwclnl
sole(adj)/so<;l/
changingroom(n) /tJernd5ul weapon(n) /wepen/
task (n) /to:sk/
ru:m/
visitor(n) lvlalatl
chequebook(n) /tJqkbok/
U n i t8 c
welfare(n) /welfeer/
conceal(v) /kensil/
admit(v) ledmil
court (n) /kc:rtl
arrest(v) /erest/
creditcard(n) ikredrtko:rd/
U n i t8 a
b u r g l aar l a r m( n ) / b s : r g l e r
crime(n) lkratml
attacker(n) /etekar/
elo:rm/
crimescene(n) /kram sln/
avoid(v) /evod/
circuit(n) /sg:rkrt/
driveaway(phrv) /drarv ewe/
aware(adj)/eweer/
claim(v) /klerm/
(v) /fo:sen/
fasten
balance(n) /belens/
demand(v) /drmo:nd/
get away(phr v) /get ewC/
(n)
brain /brern/
deny(v) /drnq/
quilty(adj)/gllti/
(
n
)
column /kplem/
expert(n) /eksps:rtl
(adv)/rmqdetli/
immediately
c o m m o ns e n s e( n ) / K D m o n
fence(n) /fens/
incident(n) /lnsrdent/
sens/
firefig hter (n) /farerfater/
innocent(adj)/lnesent/
communitycentre(n)
fit (v) /frt/
involve(v) /rnvolv/
government
/kemju:nrti
senter/
official(n)
judge (n) /d5ad5/
(n) /kpnfrdens/
confidence
ignvernmentef{all
juror(n) /d5oerer/
c r i m i n a( ln ) / k r l m r n e l /
handwriting(n) ihandratrrli
(n) /kldnaper/
kidnapper
(adj)
defenceless /drfensles/
install(v) /rnstc:l/
(n) /ktdnrepn:/
kidnapping
defend(v) /drfend/
insure(v) ln[ppy,l
minoroffence(n) imalner
jail (n) /d5erl/
diffuse(v) ldtftu.zl
efensi
distract(v) /drstrekt/
lock(n) /lok/
(v) /m4g/
mug
oqr:na fv\ /rqkarn/
naughty(adj)inc:til
mugger(n) /mnger/
fight (v) fartl
o p p o n e n(tn ) / e p o o n e n t /
mugging(n) /m4grn/
force(n) /fc:rs/
overcrowded(adj)
off
the record(phr)
grab(v) lgrabl
/ooverkraodrd/
offender(n) /efqnder/
grasp(v) /grqsp/
prevent(v) /prrventi
(n) /ptkpokrtl
pickpocket
put up (phrv) /put Ap/
hurt (v) /hs:rtl
pickpocketing
(n) /ptkpokrtrn/
instinct(n) /tnstrnkt/
reduce(v) /rrdju:s/
(n) /pnkc:fen/
precaution
kick(v) ikrkl
report(n) lrpclIl
nreqq rh:rnac /nhr\
(adj)/m4ltistc:ril
multi-storey
research(n) /rrss:rtJl
purse(n) /ps:rsi
(ad) lflzrkall
physical
securityliqht(n) /srkjoentilAt/
(n) /poftjee'/
pushchair
policestation(n) /pells ste{eni
securitysystem(n) /srkjoenti
rob (v) /rpb/
potential(adj)/petenl"li
SISTEM/
(n)
potentially
(adv)/petenJoli/ robber lrabarl
set free(phr)
robbery(n) /roberi/
remove(v) /rrmu:v/
s m o k ea l a r m( n ) / s m o o k
run away(phrv) /rnn ewg/
(n) /srno:rio<-li
scenario
elo:rmi
conion.a
i/ri) /canlanc/
selfdefence(n) /self dfensi
survey(n) /ss:rve/
(adj)/sqperet/
separate
stranger(n) /strernd5er/
suspect(n) /s4spekt/
(n) /Jpphfter/
shoplifter
victim(n) /vlktrm/
v a n d a l i s (mn ) / v a n d e l r z e m /
(n) 4pplrftrn/
shoplifting
(adj)
vulnerable
/v4lnerebal/
shopper(n) 4ope'i
weak (adj)/wlki
U n i t8 d
(n) /snetJrn/
snatching
well-lit(adj)/wel lt/
b e i n a n i m m e d i a tdea n g e r
steal(v) /stLl/
(phr)
strap(n) /strep/
U n i t8 b
(adj)/defenrn/
deafening
(adj)/su:perstdes/
superstitious
a s l a po n t h e w r i s t( p h r )
(adj)
desirable
/drzarerebel/
take away(phr v) /terk ewg/
accuse(v) lektu:zl
(n) /rms:rd5ensi/
emergency
takesth down (phrv) /telk
attempt(v) /etempt/
exceed(v) /rksfd/
0aon/
(n) /benster/
barrister
(n) /a wgnes/
eye-witness
theft (n) /Oeft/
\ v /
164
r v v , , L v , , v ,
fine(n) /fan/
go off (phrv) /gou Bfl
issue(n) /1sju:/
junction(n) /dSlnkj"n/
knockdown (phrv) /npk
daon/
patrolcar(n) ipetrool ko:r/
require(v) /rrkwale'/
roadaccident(n) /rood
eksldent/
traffic (n) ltref:kl
travelat highspeed(phr)
vehicle(n) /vUkel/
U n i t8 e
(n) /epp_rons/
appearance
(v)
bully /bulr/
(n)
circumstance
/ss:rkemstens/
combat(v) /kembpqt/
exist(v) hgzrsll
(n) /frendJrpi
friendship
gang(n) /ga1/
(adv)/flzrkoli/
physically
psychologically
(adv)
/sakelpd5rkoli/
standup (phrv) /stend 4p/
suffer(v) /s4fer/
(n) /sed5estJan/
suggestion
tolerate(v) /toleret/
trust (v) /trnst/
vandalise(v) lv a-ndalatzl
verbally(adv)/vs:rbeli/
Cur r icular
Cu t8
backup (phrv) /baekry/
(v) /konsontret/
concentrate
(v)
criticise /krtrsarz/
design(v) ldzatnl
.li-^.^-^;-^:
ur)ur vorr)eu
/^:;\
\du)l
/dlsc:rgenarzd/
(n) /feernes/
fairness
ignore(v) hgnc!l
legalsystem(n) /lig"l ststem/
officiallaw (n) /efilal lc:/
parliament
(n) /po:'lement/
(n) /prdestrien/
pedestrian
penalty(n) /penolti/
punishment
(n) /pnnrlment/
p u t i n p r i s o n( p h r )
referee(n) lrefen!
religion(n) /nl1d5en/
right (n) /ratl
r u l e( n ) / r u : l /
(adv)/selfrjlr/
selfishly
unfair(adj)i4nfeer/
ill'"""
|
|
WordList
4ffi
'oht****
r* ft s"a
Eco-friends
4
(n) /kemrkelz/
chemicals
drinkable(adj)/dryr:kebal/
drip (v) /drp/
Earth(n) /s:r0l
glacier(n) /glesier/
leak(v) /llk/
liquid(adj)illkwrd/
salt(n) /sc:lt/
solid(adj)/solrd/
surface(n) /se'frs/
take it for granted(phr)
U n i t9 a
affect(v) /efekt/
(adj)/egresrv/
aggressive
allergic (adj)iel".-dSrk/
beach(n) /brt/
bleat(v) /bllt/
buzz(v) lbnzl
chase(v) /tletsi
chirp(v) /tJs:rpl
cluck(v) iklakl
coast(n) /koost/
colony(n) /kolenii
coo (v) ikql
cricket(n) /kr1kt/
crowdtogether(phr)
drought(n) /draot/
(n) /lksplooran/
explosion
female(adj)/fLmerl/
flock (n) /flpk/
fly (n) fital
food poisoning(n) /fu:d
pcrzenrq/
germ(n) /d5g:rm/
grunt (v) lgr4nll
herd(n) /hs:rd/
hiss(v) /hrs/
hive(n) /harv/
howl (v) /haol/
jellyfish(n) idSelifrll
lifespan(n) /lafspen/
locust(n) /lookest/
m a l a r i (an ) / m e l e e r i e /
(adj)/masrv/
massive
miaow(v) /miqu/
mild (adj) lmarldl
moo (v) /mu:/
mosquito(n) /moskltoo/
neigh(v) /ne/
(n) /nju:sens/
nuisance
oink (v) /qnk/
(adv)ierld5rneli/
originally
pack(n) /pek/
population(n) /pppjole{€n/
pride(n) lpradl
quack(v) lkwekl
rate (n) /rqti
roar(v) lrcll
rub (v) /rab/
school(n) /sku:l/
seacurrent(n) /sl klrent/
(n) /slsard/
seaside
shore(n) {c.r/
snort (v) /snc:rtl
squeak(v) /skwlk/
sting (v) /sttn/
(n) /servarvol/
survival
(n)
swarm /swc:rm/
transmit(v) llrenzmytl
troop (n) /tru:p/
tweet (v) /tw(i
twitter (v) /twter/
woof (v) iwufl
U n i t9 b
(phr)
a f l a s ho f l i q h t n i n g
a g u s to f w i n d( p h r )
a r a yo f s u n s h i n(ep h r )
a s t o r mi n a t e a c u p( p h r )
a s r i g h ta s r a i n( p h r )
(n) /eqvelq:ntl/
avalanche
b e o n c l o u dn i n e( p h 0
blazing(adj)/blerzrn/
blizzard(n) ibllzerdl
breakup (phrv) /bretk pi
breeze(n) lbr;zl
chilly(adj)/tjtli/
cool(adj)/ku:l/
do up (phrv) /du: 4p/
downpour(n) /daonpc:ri
draw up (phrv) /drc: npi
drizzle(n/v)ldrLzell
(n) /s:rOkwerk/
earthquake
erupt (v) /rrnpt/
feelunderthe weather(phr)
flood (n) /flad/
freeze(v) lfryzl
gale(n) /gerl/
g e t o n e ' sh e a di n t h e c l o u d s
(phr)
glorious(adj)/glc;ries/
hail(n) /hetl/
(n) iherlstooni
hailstone
hailstorm(n) /hetlstc:rm/
heatwave(n) /hltwerv/
h o l du p ( p h rv ) / h o o l d4 p /
h o m e l e s(sa d j )/ h o o m l e s /
hopefully(adv)/hoopfuli/
(n) /hlnken/
hurricane
(adj)
mild
lmatldl
(n) /netlerel
naturaldisaster
dlzo:ster/
rd tr
*, ,.N
n:reda
/n\ /ncrard/
pour (v) /pc:'/
(n) /plgSer/
pleasure
put up (phrv) /put 4p/
rafl raqi
Ar\ /rrkrrrocf
/
raindrop(n) /rerndropi
(n)
(phr)
stage
/sterd5/
saveit for a rainyday
scorching (adj)/skc:'tln/
C u l t u r eC l i p9
shine(v) /lan/
shower(n) {aoer/
artist(n) /o;rtrst/
sleet(n) /sl1t/
carve(v) /ko:rvl
snowdrift(n) /snoodrrft/
compete(v) /kemprt/
snowfall(n) /snqofc:l/
exhibition(n) /eksrbden/
snowflake(n) /snquflerk/
maze(n) lmevl
s t e a sl b ' st h u n d e r( p h r )
(v) lJrgenavl
organise
storm(n) /stc:rm/
prize(n) lpravl
s u n s h i n(en ) / s n n l a n /
promote(v) /premqut/
thunderbolt(n) /0nnderbo<;lt/
race(n) /rersi
t h u n d e r s t o r (mn )
revive(v) lr:arvl
/0nnde'stc:rm/
sculptor(n) /sknlpter/
tornado(n) /tc:rnerdor:/
slide(n) islatdi
torrential(adj)/terenJel/
throne(n) l)roanl
turn up (phrv) /ts:rnnp/
tourism(n) itoerrzeml
warm (adj) /wc:rmi
tradition(n) /tredtlan/
w h e ni t r a i n si t p o u r s( p h r )
U n i t9 c
carryalong(phrv) /keri elol/
(n) /ko:rtu:n
cartooncharacter
kenkte'i
competition(n) /kpmptilon/
desert(n) ldezetll
e n t e r t a i n m e (nnt )
/enterternment/
(adj)/rmpresrv/
impressive
(adj)
international
/lnternreJenol/
on offer(phr)
rescueequipment(n) ireskju:
rkwpment/
(n) /sk4lptle'/
sculpture
(n)
statue /stetJu:/
sunburnt(adj)/s4nbs:rnt/
weight(n) /weil
U n i t1 0 a
ash(n)/eefl
baked(adj)/berkt/
bitter(adj)ibterl
boiled(adj)/bqld/
bonfire(n) /bonfarer/
bubbly(adj)/babli/
colourful(adj)/k4lerfoli
cracker(n) /kraker/
r{a<<ort
(n\
\ | | /
/r\zatlI
/ v l . v l
( /
dressup (phrv) /dres 4pi
enjoy(v) /rndSqi
exchange(v) IkstlendS/
exotic(adj) lgzplkl
fi rework(n) /falerws:rk/
fried(adj)/frard/
( n )/ g o : r l e n d /
garland
gift (n) /glft/
grate(v) /grqt/
grilled(adj)/gr1ld/
U n i t9 d
h a v ea p i c n i c( p h r )
(adv)
let off (phrv) /let Bf/
especially
/rspeJali/
(v)
lighr(v) /afl
miss imls/
maincourse(n) imernkc:rs/
relief(n) /nllf/
mashed(adj)/meejt/
s u r ft h e n e t ( p h r )
melt (v) /melt/
memory(n) imemeri/
U n i t9 e
oatmeal(n)/qqtmi:l/
(n)
accommodation
oily(adj)/qli/
/ekpmedq[en/
outfit (n) laaIfiIl
(n) /erernd5ment/
arrangement
pickled(adj)/prkaldi
craft (n) /krq:ft/
raw (adj)/rc:i
display(n) /drsplq/
recipe(n) iresrpi/
flight(n) /flat/
rhythm(n) /rtdem/
huge(adj)/hju:d5/
.^--+
/-J:\
/-^..^+/
I uo)L \quJ/ /r wDr/
meal(n) /m1l/
165
WordList \
q
.sW
I
e
o
*
U , * . S
romantic(adj)/roumentrk/
(adj)/skramboldi
scrambled
silence(n) /sarlens/
smoked(adj)/smooktl
(n) /spejieltr/
speciality
spicy(adj)/sparsi/
stall(n) /stc:l/
starter(n) /sto;rter/
steamed(adj)/stfmOl
still(adj)/strl/
stuffed(adj)/stlft/
turkey(n) /ts:rki/
unique(adj)/ju:nfki
point(n) /pqnti
(adj)lt<.:ti
fully-equipped
position(n) lpazl[anl
rkwpt/
put on (phrv) /pqt on/
gym (n) /d5tm/
junk food (n) /dJUk fu:d/
racquet(n) /rekrt/
(adv)/rlellstrkelii limp(v) /l1mp/
realistically
ring(n) /rtnl
mai (n) /meqt/
rink(n) /r11ki
muscle(n) /mnsal/
score(v) /skc;ri
pain(n) /pern/
scubadiving(n)/sku:bedarvrrS/painful(adj)ipernf<-rll
serve(v) /ss:rvl
p a i n k i l l e( nr ) / p e r n k l l e r /
(n)
size lsarzl
poultry(n) /pooltri/
skates(n) /skqts/
punch(v) /p4ntJ/
skiing(n) isklrr3/
punchbag(n) /pantfbeg/
g (n)/snoobc:rdr1/reception
snowboardin
(n) /rrsepJan/
cnriotrr ln) /eaearrii/
U n i t1 0 b
sharp(adj)[q,p/
(n)
steam(n) /stLm/
a w h o l en e w b a l lg a m e( p h r ) spectator ispektqter/
(n)
squash
/skwpl/
stiffly(adv)/stlfli/
(n) /eero<;brks/
aerobics
(v)
surround
/sera<-ind/
swimmingpool(n) /sw1mr1
anxious(adj)/eqnklesl
(n)
swimming
pu:l/
/sw1mtr1/
athletics(n) /eOle_trks/
(n)
team
/tLm/
t
e
n
d o n( n ) / t e n d e n /
(n) /c:dlens/
audience
(
p
h
r
)
(n) /r1st/
t
h
e
b
a
l
l
i
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
u
r
t
wrist
(n) ibersbc:t/
baseball
(v)
throw
yoga
(n)
/0roo/
ljoagel
bodyimage(n) /bodr tmrdS/
(n)
tournament
it<;ernement/
bowling(n) /bo-qln/
viewer(n) lvtu.arl
Unit'l0e
boxing(n) /boksrq/
(v) /w1n/
win
pn/
(phr
bringon
v) /brp
eatinghablts(n) /ltrn hebrts/
(n)
b u n g e ej u m p i n g( n ) / b 4 n d S i windsurfing /wlndss:rfr1/ majority(n) /med5prrti/
winner(n) /w1ner/
d54mpr1/
minority(n) /mrnprrti/
carryon (phrv) /keri on/
option(n) lpp[enl
U n i t1 0 c
champion(n) /tJempien/
packedlunch(n) /pakt l4nt/
club(n) /kllb/
allow (v) /el4q/
question(v) /kwqstJan/
c o m p l i m e n( n
t ) / k p m p h m e n t / b a l lg a m e( n ) / b c ; lg e r m /
(v) /rekemend/
recommend
contest(n) /kontest/
choice(n) /Uats/
schoolcanteen(n) /sku:l
course(n) /kc:rs/
committee(n) /kemtti/
kenti:n/
court (n) ikc:rtl
fizzydrinks(n) lftzi drlqks/
vendingmachine(n) /vendrrl
creation(n) /krieLlen/
fruitjuice(n) /frUt dJu;s/
meJi:n/
cross-country
(v) /lnfluens/
running(n)
influence
/krps knntrirnnrl/
passerby (n) /pq:serba/
Cur r icular
Cut10
defender(n) /drfqnder/
quit (v) /kw$/
(adv)
automatically
diving(n) ldatvt\l
(n) /rqlekserJen/
relaxation
/c;temetrkli/
event(n) /rvent/
runnerup (n) /rnner np/
beat (v) /blt/
g e t t h e b a l lr o l l i n g( p h r )
snack(n) lsnakl
blood(n) /blad/
glove(n) /glnv/
(v) isooJelarzl
socialise
breathe(v) /brr6/
golf (n) /golf/
sportscentre(n) /spc:rts
b u n d l e( n ) / b 4 n d a l /
grateful(adj)/gratfull
senter/
cardiac(adj)/ko:rdrek/
group(n) /gru:p/
stayin goodshape(phr)
certain(adj)/sg:rten/
hanggliding(n)/heng glarduli stayup (phrv) /ster4p/
contract(v) /kentrekt/
h a v ea b a l l( p h r )
sugary(adj) llpgeril
digest(v) /dard5esti
height(n) /hat/
walkingstick(n) /wc:kr1strk/
digestive
system(n)
(n) /As skertrl/
ice-skating
/dard5estrv
srstem/
(n) /karekrl/
kayaking
U n i t1 0 d
direction(n) /darrekJan/
keeptrack(phr)
advisor(n) ledvavetl
elastic(adj)/rlestrk/
lookon (phrv) /lok on/
bone(n) lboanl
heart(n) /hq:rtl
miss(v) /m1s/
cut down on (phrv) /k4t daon h o r m o n e( n ) / h c : r m o o n /
paragliding
(n) /pereglardrrl/
pn/
internal(adj)/rnts;rnal/
pitch (n) /prtj/
dairy(adj)/deeri/
intestine(n) /rntestrn/
place(n) /plers/
fitness(n) /fttnes/
(adj)/rnvolentri/
involuntary
p l a yb a l l( p h r )
freeof charge(phr)
movement(n) imu:vment/
J v ! i v
Eco-friends
5
! /
\ '
166
nerve(n) /ns;rvl
organ(n) lq,(genl
pump(v) ip4mp/
signal(n) /slgnel/
skeletal(adj)/skelrtel/
skeleton(n) /skelftan/
smooth(adj)/smu;d/
strength(n) /stren0/
thigh (n) /0a/
tissue(n) /t1[u:/
twist (v) /twlst/
voluntary(adj)/volentri/
(adj)/c:lts:rnetrv/
alternative
amount(n) /emaonti
battery(n) /bateri/
(n) /ko.rdbc:'dl
cardboard
(n)
coal /kooli
(n) /drpendens/
dependence
efficient(adj)/rf{ent/
( nt )
environmen
Invarerenment/
fossicfuel (n) /foselfjqe
gas(n) /ges/
geothermal
energy(n)
/d5Le0s:rmel
enerd5i/
hot spring(n) /hpt sprtn/
(adj)
hydroelectric
/hardroorlekrrk/
jer/
nuclear(adj)/nju:kl
o i l ( n )/ q l /
panel(n) lpenell
pollute(v) /peluit/
power(n) lpaaetl
produce(v) /predjus/
(adj)/rrnju:ebol/
renewable
run out (phrv) /r4n aotl
(n) /sarentrst/
scientist
solar(n) /sooler/
source(n) /sc:rs/
suggest(v) /sed5est/
turbine(n) /ts:rbarn/
volcanicactivity(n) /volkenrk
ektrvrti/
wave (n) /welv/
wind (n) /wtnd/
wire (n) lwarcrl
l s B N 9 7 8 - 1- 8 4 6 7 9 - 2 6 6 - 3
,illIll[lfiltl[utltlutl