Describing
and
Classifying
Matter
UNIT 1.1
Guiding Questions (Activity 1.1)
A. What is matter made of?
B. What properties describe matter?
C. How can you classify different types
of matter?
A. Matter and Its Nature
 Anything that has mass
and takes up space is
matter.
 It is composed of tiny
particles called atoms.
 Chemistry is the study of
matter
and
how
it
changes.
Components of Matter
Atom is the basic unit from which all matter is made.
Elements substances that are made up of only one type of
atom.
A Molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by
chemical bonds.
A Compound is a substance made of two or more elements that
are chemically combined in a set ratio.
Components of Matter
Atom is the basic unit from which all matter is made.
Elements substances that are made up of only one type of
atom.
A Molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by
chemical bonds.
A Compound is a substance made of two or more elements that
are chemically combined in a set ratio.
B. The States of Matter
 Solid: a rigid substance
with a definite shape
 Liquid: has a definite
volume but takes the
shape of its container
 Gas: takes the shape
and volume of its
container
C. Classification of Matter
C.1 Pure Substance

Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one
kind of particles and has a fixed or constant structure.
 Pure substances are further classified as elements and
compounds.
Characteristics of Pure Substance

Pure substances are mostly homogeneous in nature
containing only one type of atoms or molecules.
 These substances mainly have a constant or uniform
composition throughout.
 The substances have fixed boiling and melting points.
 A pure substance usually participates in a chemical
reaction to form predictable products.
Examples of Pure Substance
C.2 Mixture

A mixture is impure if it consists of different kinds of
elements combined together physically and not
chemically. Mixtures are further divided into a
homogenous or heterogeneous mixture.
Types of Mixtures
In a homogeneous mixture, it is
difficult or impossible to see the
different parts.
In a heterogeneous mixture, the
composition is not uniform
throughout the mixture. The
mixture of substances are not
chemically combined to each
other.
Characteristics of Mixture
 It does not have any specific properties; the
properties of the mixture are a result of the
average properties of all the constituents.
 It is formed as a result of a physical change.
 They have a variable composition.
 Their melting and boiling points differ.
Directions: Given the images below, identify if it
is a pure substance or a mixture.
Mixture
Pure substance
Mixture
Pure substance
Mixture
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
1. Hand Separation
This method involves simply
picking out all the unwanted
substances by hand and
separating them from useful
ones, or maybe that both the
separated substances are
useful.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
2. Sieving
It is done to separate mixtures
that contain substances mostly
of different sizes. The mixture is
passed through the pores of the
sieve. All the smaller substances
pass through easily while the
bigger components of the
mixture are retained.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
3. Decantation
Decanting means you are
pouring off a liquid without
disturbing the sediment or
other liquid layers. It is usually
used to separate solids from
liquids, but it can be used to
separate two liquids.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
4. Filtration
The most common method of
separating a liquid from an
insoluble solid is the filtration.
Take, for example, the mixture of
sand and water. Filtration is used
here to remove solid particles
from the liquid. Various filtering
agents are normally used like
filtering paper or other materials.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
5. Magnetic Separation
When one substance in the
mixture has some magnetic
properties then this method is
quite useful. Strong magnets
are
commonly
used
to
separate magnetic elements.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
6. Evaporation
It is a process in which a liquid
changes into gaseous form
from heating. It allows the
liquid to evaporate, leaving the
soluble solid behind.
METHODS IN SEPARATING THE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
7. Distillation
When mixtures consist of two or
more pure liquids then distillation is
used. Here the components of a
liquid
mixture
are
vaporized,
condensed and then isolated. The
mixture
is
heated
and
the
component
which
is
volatile
vaporizes first. The vapor moves
through a condenser and is collected
in a liquid state.
Directions: Directions: On the table below,
identify the appropriate separation method for
the mixtures provided.
Mixture
1. Colored beads
2. Orange juice and its
pulps
3. Paper
clips
and
sand
4. Sugar and water
5. Soil and water
Separation Method
Review Questions
Thank you!