Diodes where, , and PMOS ( NMOS , , [or, use NMOS eqns with , , , and , , are all negative) , , and ] Cut-off Triode Saturation Body effect CLM Output resistance ( is the drain current without CLM) Small-signal Parameters NPN PNP Saturation Active ( Small-signal parameters is the collector current without Early effect) ( is the collector current without Early effect)