U nit
5
I d o / w ork / like etc. (present simple)
T h e y have a lo t o f b o oks.
H e ’s eatin g an ice cream.
T h e y r e a d a lot.
H e li k es ice cre a m.
Th e y r e a d / he li k es / 1w o r k etc. = th e presen t sim ple:
l / w e / y o u / th e y
read
li k e
w ork
li ve
w atch
do
ha v e
h e /sh e /it
r e a ds
li k es
w orks
li v es
w a t c h es
d o es
h as
Re m e m b er:
h e w o rks / sh e lives / i t rains etc.
O I w o r k in a sh o p. M y b r o t h e r w o r k s in a b ank.
M y bro th er w o rk)
O
L u c y liv es in Lo n d o n. H e r p a r e n ts li v e in Sc o tla n d.
O
It r a i n s a lo t in winter.
I h a v e —> h e /sh e /it has:
O
Jo e h as a sh o w er every day.
S pelling (—» A p p e n d ix 5):
- es after -s / -sh / -ch:
p ass —» p asses
finish —> finishes
w a tch - » w a tc h es
st u>ies:
d- ies stu
tryd y—> tries
-y —
also:
d o - » d o es
go - > g oes
W e use th e prese nt sim p le for thin gs th a t are tru e in general, or for thin gs th a t h a p p en so m e tim es o r all
th e tim e:
O
O
I li k e big cities.
Yo ur English is g o o d. Yo u sp e a k v e ry well.
O
To m w o r k s very hard. H e st a r t s at 7.30 an d f in ish es at 8 o'clo ck in th e eve nin g.
O
Th e e arth g o es ro u n d th e sun.
o . W e d o a lo t o f d iffere nt thin gs in o ur free tim e.
It c o sts a lo t o f m o n e y to b uild a hospital.
o
a l w a ys / n e v e r / o f t e n / u su a ll y / so m e t i m es + prese nt sim p le
O
O
Su e a l w a ys g e ts to w o rk early, ( n o t Su e gets alw ays)
I n e v e r e a t bre akfast, ( n o t I eat n ever)
W e o f t e n g o away at w e eke n ds.
O
O
20
M ark u su a ll y p la ys fo o tb all o n Sun d ays.
I so m e t i m e s w a l k to w o rk, b ut n o t v e ry often.
I d o n’t ... (n e g a tiv e ) ^ U nit 6 Do you ... ? (q u e sti o n s)
always/ usually / often e tc. (w o r d o rd e r)
U nit 94
U nit 7
I a m d oing a n d I do
U nit 8
Exercises
W ri t e t h ese verbs w it h -s o r -es.
1 (re a d) s h e r e a d s
2 (t h in k) h e ........................................
3 (fly)
it
5 (h a v e)
4 (d a n c e) h e .......................................
sh e .
6 (fin ish) i t
C o m p l e t e t h e se n t e n ces a b o u t t h e p e o p le in t h e p ict u res. Use:
eat
' CC
go
li v e
p la y
p la y
sle e p
SEVEN HOURS
ANIGHT r
^ I GD,
Z
1
H e p la y s......................th e piano.
2 They
in a v ery big ho use.
4 ...............................................tennis.
5 ............................................... to th e cin e m a a lot.
6 ...............................................seve n h o urs a night.
3 ...............................................a lo t o f fruit.
C o m p l e t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use:
b o il
1 M a ria
cl o se
sp e aks
c o st
li k e
c o st
li k e
m eet
open
sp ea k
teach
fo ur languages.
2 Th e sh o ps in th e city cen tre u su a lly .......................................at 9 o'clo ck in th e m ornin g.
3 Th e C ity M u s e u m
at 5 o'clo ck in th e eve nin g.
4 Tin a is a teacher. S h e ........................................ m a th e m a tics to yo u n g childre n.
5 M y jo b is very interestin g. I ........................................ a lo t o f pe o ple.
6 Peter's c ar is always dirty. H e n e v e r....................................... it.
7 F o o d is exp e nsiv e. I t ........................................ a lo t o f m o n ey.
8 Sh o es are exp e nsive. T h e y
a lo t o f m o n ey.
9 W a t e r........................................ at 100 d egrees Celsius.
10 La ura an d I are g o o d frie n ds. I
her an d s h e .........................................me.
W ri t e se n t e n ces fr o m t h ese w o r ds. Use t h e righ t f or m o f t h e verb ( a r r i v e o r a r r i v es e tc.).
(a lw ays / early / Su e / arrive)
S u e a lw a y s .a rriy e s e arly.........................................................................
(t o th e cin e m a / n ever / 1 / g o) I ..............................................................................................................................
(w o rk / M artin a / hard / alw ays) .................................. ...........................................................................................
(like / ch o c o la t e / childre n / usu ally) ....................................................................................................................
(Jackie / p arties / e njo y / alw ays) .............................................................................................................................
(o fte n / peo ple's n a m es / 1 / forg et) .......................................................................................................................
(T V / Sa m / w a tch / n ever) .............................................................................. ..........................................................
8 (usu ally / d in n er / w e / have / at 7.30) .................................................................................................................
9 (K a t e / always / nice clo th es / w e ar) .....................................................................................................................
m
W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t y ourself. Use a l w a ys / n e v e r / o f t e n / u su a ll y / so m e t i m es.
1 (w a tc h T V in th e eve nin g)
I u su a lly w a t c h T V in t h e eve nin g,................................
2 (re a d in b e d) I .............................................................................................................................................
3 (g et up b efore 7 o'clo ck) .......................................................................................................................
4 (g o to w ork /sc h o o l by b us) ................................................................................................................
5 (d rin k coffe e in th e m o rnin g) ...........................................................................................................
w ash
6
I d o n ' t ... (present simple negative)
T h e prese nt sim p le ne gative is d o n 't / d o esn 't + verb:
No, thanks. I
don’t drink coffee.
H e d o esn 't li k e his jo b.
She d o esn 't d r i n k coffee.
negative
positive
1
w ork
i
we
li k e
we
yo u
do
yo u
th e y
have
th ey
he
she
it
w orks
li k es
d o es
h as
he
she
it
d o n 't
( d o n o t)
w ork
li k e
do
h a ve
d o esn 't
(d o es n o t)
I d r i n k coffee, b ut I d o n ' t d r i n k tea.
Sue d r i n k s tea, b ut she d o esn 't d r i n k coffee.
Yo u d o n 't w o r k very hard.
W e d o n 't w a t c h T V v ery often.
T h e w e a th er is usually nice. It d o esn 't r a in very often.
Sam an d C hris d o n 't k n o w m a ny p e o ple.
Re m e m b er:
l / w e / y o u / th e y d o n ' t ...
h e /sh e /it
O
O
O
d o e s n ' t ...
O
O
I d o n 't like fo otball.
H e d o esn 't like fo otb all.
I d o n 't like Fred an d Fr e d d o esn 't like me. ( not Fre d d o n't like)
M y c a r d o esn ' t use m u ch p etrol. ( not M y car d o n't use)
So m e tim es he is late, b ut i t d o esn 't ha p p en very often.
W e use d o n 't / d o esn 't + infinitive (d o n't li k e / d o esn't sp e a k / d o esn't d o etc.):
O
I d o n 't li k e w ashin g th e car. I d o n 't d o it very often.
O
O
O
Sarah s p e a ks Spanish, b u t sh e d o esn 't sp e a k Italian. ( not d o esn't sp eaks)
D avid d o esn ' t d o his jo b very well, ( n o t D avid d o esn't his jo b )
Paula d o esn 't usually h a v e bre akfast, ( n o t d o e s n 't ... has)
f I d o / w o r k / li k e etc. (present sim ple)
U nit 5
D o y o u ... ? (present sim ple q uestions)
U nit 7
3
Exercises
W ri t e t h e n e ga tive.
I d o n't play t.ha.pian.p v e ry well,..
1 I play th e piano very well.
2 A n n a plays th e pia n o very well.
A n n a ....................... ........................................
3 Th e y k n o w m y p h o n e num b er.
T h e y .................................................................
4 W e w o rk very hard.
5 H e has a bath every day.
6 Yo u d o th e sam e thin g every day.
g Q Q p St u d y t h e in f o r m a ti o n a n d w ri t e se n t e n ces w it h lik e.
1
B e n .a n d S o p h ie like cla esicM w u & iC :.
I ..................................... ...........classical m usic.
Ben a n d
S o p h ie
Ka te
yes
no
2 b oxing?
no
yes
3 h orror m ovies?
yes
no
1 classical m usic?
Ben an d So p hie
Yo u
K a t e ....................................
I
?•
W ri t e a b o u t y ourself. Use:
I n e v e r...
or
I o f t e n ...
or
I d o n ' t ... v e r y o f t e n .
[ d o n 't ^ t c h T )( .y ^ t y .o f t e n , .... o r
I o f t e n w a t c h TV.
1 (w a tc h T V )
Ln e v er w a t c h TV.
or
2 (go to th e th e atre)
3 (rid e a bike)
4 (e at in restauran ts)
5 (travel by train)
g g §
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. A ll o f t h e m are n eg a tive. Use d o n ' t / d o esn ' t + t h ese verbs:
c o st
go
know
rain
se e
1 Th e w e a th er here is usually nice. I t
use
w ear
d o e s n ’t ra in
m u ch.
2 Paul has a car, b u t h e ................................................................ it v ery often.
3 Paul an d his frie n ds like films, b ut t h e y
4 A m a n d a is m a rrie d b u t s h e
5 I
to th e cin e m a v ery often.
a ring.
m u ch a b o u t p o litics. I'm n o t intereste d in it.
6 Th e Re gent H otel isn't exp e nsive. I t ................................................................ m u ch to stay there.
7
*3 3 1
Ed lives very near us, b ut w e ............................................................... him very often.
Pu t t h e verb in t o t h e c o rr e c t f o r m, p osit ive o r n e g ative.
1
M a rg a re t
2
I
sp e aks
3
'W here's Steve?'
don t Jik c
fo ur languages - English, Fre nch, G erm a n an d Sp anish, (sp e a k)
m y jo b. It's v ery b oring, (like)
'I'm sorry. I ................................................................' (k n o w )
4 Sue is a very q uie t p erso n. S h e ...............................................
very
m u ch, (ta lk)
5 A n d y ................................................................ a lot o f tea. It's his favo urite drin k, (d rin k)
6 It's n o t true! I ................................................................ it! (b elieve)
7 That's a very b eautiful pic ture. I ................................................................ it very m u ch, (like)
8 M ark is a ve g etarian. H e ................................................................ m eat, (e a t)
U nit
7
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
A
W e use d o / d o es in present sim p le q u estio ns:
positive
1
question
w ork
we
li k e
yo u
do
th ey
have
he
she
it
]T(p o you play th e guitar? J j
1
1
yo u
i
^
w ork?
th e y
w orks
li k e?
d o?
he
d o es
d o es
1 "i
we
do
li k es
"
h a v e?
she
it
h as
Stu dy th e w o rd ord er:
d o / d o es + subject
Do
yo u
Do
y o ur frie n ds
live
near here?
C hris
w ork
on Sundays?
a lot here?
D o es
D o es
W h ere
H o w often
+ infinitive
p la y
it
r a in
do
y o ur p arents
live?
do
th e guitar?
yo u
w ash
W hat
d o es
this w ord
m e a n?
H o w m u ch
d o es
it
c o st
y o ur hair?
to fly to Rom e?
Q u estio ns w ith a l w a ys an d usu a ll y:
D o es
W hat
do
C hris
a l w a ys
w ork
on Sundays?
yo u
usu a ll y
do
at w e ekends?
W h a t d o yo u d o? = W h at's y o ur jo b?
O
' W h a t d o yo u d o?'
'I w o rk in a bank.'
Re m e m b er:
d o l / w e / y o u / t h e y ...
d o es h e / s h e / it ...
O
O
D o t h e y like m usic?
D o es he like m usic?
S hort a nswers
Yes,
O
O
O
O
l / w e / y o u / th e y do.
h e /sh e /it d o es.
'D o y o u play th e guitar?'
N o,
l / w e / y o u / th e y d o n't.
' N o, I d o n't.'
D o y o u r p a r e n ts sp eak English?'
D o es Ja m es w o rk hard?'
Yes, t h e y do.'
Yes, h e d o es.'
D o es y o u r sist e r live in Lo n d o n?'
( I d o / work / like e tc (present simple)
h e /sh e /it d o esn't.
U nit 5
N o, sh e d o esn't.'
I d o n ' t ... (negative) -» U nit 6
questions 4 U nits 4 4 -4 7
)
Exercises
W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h D o ... ? a n d D o es ... ?
1 I like ch o c o late. H o w a b o u t you?
...P.o y o u Jf e
2 I play te nnis. H o w a b o u t you?
....................y o u ......................
3 Yo u live ne ar here. H o w a b o u t Lucy?
....................L u c y .....................
4 To m plays te nnis. H o w a b o u t his friends?
5 Yo u sp eak English. H o w a b o u t y o ur bro ther?
6 I d o yo ga every m ornin g. H o w a b o u t you?
7 Sue goes aw ay a lot. H o w a b o u t Paul?
8 I w a n t to be fa m o us. H o w a b o u t yo u?
9 Yo u w o rk hard. H o w a b o u t A n n a?
M a k e q u esti o ns fro m t h ese w o r ds + d o / d o es. Pu t t h e w o r ds in t h e rig h t order.
1 (w h ere / live / y o ur p aren ts)
..Where, d o y o u r pa r e n t e Jive..
2 (y o u / early / always / get u p)
...P.oyou. a lw a y s. g <st.u.p.ear|y..
3 (h o w often / T V / yo u / w a tc h )
4 (y o u / w a n t / w h a t / for d in n er)
5 (like / yo u / fo o t b all)
6 (y o u r bro th er / like / fo o t b all)
7 (w h a t / yo u / d o / in y o ur free tim e)
8 (y o u r sister / w o rk / w h ere)
9 (b re akfast / always / yo u / have)
10 (w h a t / m ean / this w o rd )
11 (in w in t e r / sn o w / it / here)
12 (g o / usually / to b ed / w h a t tim e / y o u)
13 (h o w m u ch / to p h o n e N e w Yo rk / it / c ost)
14 (y o u / for bre akfast / have / usually / w h a t)
e
C o m p le t e t h e q u esti o ns. Use t h ese verbs:
do
enjo y
go
li k e
st a rt
teach
w ork
*
W hat
doyoudo
?
.............................................................................................. it?
w o rk in a b o o ksh o p.
It's O K .
W h a t t i m e .............................................................................................. in th e m ornin g?
A t 9 o'clo ck.
on Saturd ays?
So m e tim es.
H o w .............................................................................................. to w ork?
A n d y o ur husban d. W h a t ..............................................................................................?
Usually by bus.
He's a teacher.
W h a t ..............................................................................................?
Scie nce.
.............................................................................................. his jo b?
Yes, he loves it.
W ri t e sh o r t answ ers (Yes, he d o es. / N o, I d o n 't , e tc.).
1 D o yo u w a tch T V a lot?
2 D o yo u live in a big city?
3 D o yo u often rid e a bike?
4 D o es it rain a lo t w h ere yo u live?
5 D o yo u play th e piano?
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 4 - 7 (pages 2 5 3 - 5 4)
N o A d o r it ,
or
Y e sJ . d a .
Exercises
D o es he take p h o to gra p hs?
Is he takin g a p h o to gra p h?
Yes^.h e d g e s..
Is she drivin g a bus? .
N & .he isn ’t .
D o es sh e driv e a bus?
W h a t is he doing?
W h a t is sh e doing?
He’sM yinfl.a.b ath..................................................
D o es he clean w in d o ws? ...................................
A re th e y teaching?
Is he cle anin g a w in d o w? ...................................
D o th e y teach? ....
W h a t is he doing?
W h a t d o th ey do?
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h a m / is / a r e o r d o / d o n 't / d o es / d o esn 't .
1 Excuse m e ,
do
2 'W here's Kate?'
yo u sp eak English?
' I .........................................know.'
3 W h at's funny? W h y ........................................ yo u laughing?
4 'W h a t
y o ur sister do?'
'She's a dentist.'
5 I t .......................................raining. I
w a n t to go o u t in th e rain.
6 'W h e r e ........................................ yo u c o m e fro m?'
7
'Cana da.'
H o w m u c h ..................................... it c ost to stay at this hotel? Is it exp ensive?
8 Steve is a g o o d te nnis player, b ut h e ........................................ play very often.
Pu t t h e verb in t h e p rese n t c o n t in u o us (I a m d o in g ) o r t h e p rese n t si m p le (I d o).
1
Excuse m e ,. d o y o u s p e a k
2 'W here's To m?'
3
(.d o n’t .w a t c h
'
(y o u /sp e ak)
English?
H e s.h a y in g (h e / h av e) a shower.'
(I/ n o t / w a tc h ) T V very often.
4 Listen! S o m e b o d y........................................................................(sin g).
5 Sarah is tire d
(sh e / w a n t) to go h o m e now.
6 H o w o f t e n ........................................................................(y o u / use) y o ur car? Every day?
7
'Excuse me, b u t ....................................................................... (y o u / sit) in my seat.'
8
I'm s o rry ,...................................................................................... (I/ n o t / u n d e rst a n d ). C a n yo u sp eak m ore slowly?
'O h, I'm sorry.'
9 It's late.............................................................................(I/ g o) h o m e now...........................................................................
(y o u / c o m e) w ith me?
10 W h a t t i m e ......................................................................................................(y o ur fa th er / fin ish) w o rk every day?
11 Yo u can turn o ff th e ra dio ............................................................................
12 'W here's Paul?'
(I/ n o t / list e n) to it.
'In th e kitc h e n............................................................................ (h e / c o o k) so m ethin g.'
13 M a r k ......................................................................................................................(n o t / usu ally / d riv e) to w o rk. He
........................................................................ (usu ally / w alk).
14 S u e .................................................................... (n o t / lik e) c o ffe e......................................................................... (sh e / prefer) tea.
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 8 - 9 (page 255)
Unit
9
I have ... and I've got
Yo u can say I h a v e or I've got, h e h as or he's g ot:
I
I
we
have
yo u
or
we
th e y
he
he
h as
have got
yo u
th e y
she
(I'v e g o t)
or
(y o u 'v e g o t)
(t h e y'v e g o t)
(h e's g o t)
she
it
(w e 'v e g o t)
h as g o t
(sh e's g o t)
it
(it's g o t)
sh o rtfo r m
O
O
O
To m h as t w o sisters, or To m h as g o t tw o sisters.
O
Sarah isn't feelin g well. Sh e h as a he a d ach e,
O
T h e y like anim als. T h e y h a v e a horse, thre e d o gs an d six cats,
I h a v e blue eyes, or I've g o t blu e eyes.
O u r car h as fo ur d o ors, or O u r car h as g o t fo ur d o ors.
or
She's g o t a hea d ache.
or T h e y'v e g o t a horse .
I d o n 't h a v e / 1 h a v e n 't g o t etc. (n e g ative)
Yo u can say:
I/you
we /they
he /sh e
it
O
O
O
O
I/you
d o n 't
w e / th e y
or
ha v e
h e /sh e
d o esn 't
it
I d o n 't h a v e a car. or
h a v e n 't
got
h asn't
I h a v e n 't g o t a car.
T h e y d o n ' t h a v e any childre n, or Th e y h a v e n 't g o t any childre n.
It's a nic e house, b ut it d o esn 't h a v e a garden, or ... it h asn 't g o t a garden.
A m y d o esn 't h a v e a jo b at th e m o m e n t, or A m y h asn 't g o t a jo b ...
d o yo u h a ve? / h a v e yo u g o t? etc. (q u estio ns)
Yo u can say:
do
d o es
O
O
I/you
w e /they
he /sh e
have
have
or
h as
it
h e /sh e
got
it
'D o yo u h a v e a cam era?'
'N o, I don't.' or
'H a ve y o u g o t a cam era?'
'N o, I have n't.'
' D o es H elen h a v e a car?'
'Yes, she d oes.' or
' H as H elen g o t a car?'
28
I/you
w e / th e y
'Yes, sh e has.'
O
W h a t kin d o f car d o es she ha ve? or ... h as she g o t?
O
H o w m a ny childre n d o th ey ha ve? or ... h a v e th e y g o t?
had / didn't have (past)
so m e and any
U n it 76
U nits 11-1 2
have brea kfast / have a sh o wer etc.
U nit 58
Exercises
W ri t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h g o t. T h e m e a n in g is t h e sa m e.
.Th e yy e .g p ttw p .c.h
..She haon’t .g o t a. key.........
1 T h e y have tw o childre n.
2 She d o esn't have a key.
He
3 H e has a n e w jo b.
4 D o yo u have an um brella?
5 W e have a lo t o f w o rk to do.
6 I d o n't have y o ur p h o n e nu m b er.
7 D o es y o ur fa th er have a car?
8 H o w m u ch m o n e y d o w e have?
W ri t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h d o / d o es / d o n 't / d o esn 't . T h e m e a n in g is t h e sa m e.
..P.oyo u.have a n y m o n ey?.
1 H ave yo u g ot any m o n ey?
2 I haven't g ot m a ny clo th es.
3 H as To m g ot a bro ther?
4 H o w m a ny childre n have th e y got?
5 H ave yo u g ot any questio ns?
6 Sam hasn't g ot a jo b.
mm Read t h e q u est io ns a n d answ ers.
T h e n w ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t M ar k .
1
H ave yo u g ot a car?
2
H ave yo u g ot a bike?
3
4
H ave yo u g ot a m o b ile p h o n e?
f
N o.
5
H ave yo u g ot a w atch?
H ave yo u g ot any bro th ers or
sisters?
------------------------------------------ J
\
H e h a sn ’t ,g o t , a c a r.
H e.
Yes.
H ave yo u g ot a dog?
6
-TP*
Yes.
M ark
N o.
Yes, tw o bro th ers
an d a sister.
v -------------------- y
W h a t a b o u t y o u? W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h I’ve g o t o r I h a v e n ’t g o t.
7 (a d o g)
8 (a bik e)
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
9 (bro th ers/sisters)
.....................................................................................................
£ Q | C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use h a ve, has, d o n ’t h a v e o r d o e sn ’t ha ve.
1 S a ra h
d o e sn ’t .h a v e
a car. Sh e go es e veryw h ere by bike.
2 T h e y like anim als. T h e y
h ave
thre e d o gs an d t w o cats.
3 C h arles isn't hap py. H e .................................... a lo t o f pro ble ms.
4 T h e y are always busy. T h e y ................................... m u ch free tim e.
5 'W h a t’s wro n g?’ ' I ................................... so m e thin g in m y eye.’
6 'W here's m y p en?’ 'I d o n't kn ow. I .................................... it.’
7 A m y w a n ts to go to th e c o n c ert, b ut s h e .................................... a tick e t.
e
»
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use h a v e / h as g o t o r h a v e n ' t / h asn 't g o t w it h:
six le gs
a key
a h ea d ach e
1 I'm n o t feelin g very well. I
a l o t o f f ri e n d s
a jo b
m uch tim e
ye.Q Q t a h e a d a c h e , ..............................................................
2 Every b o d y likes To m . H e ..................................................................................................................
3 She can't o p en th e do or. S h e ............................... ........................................................................
4 Q uick!. W e ........................ .......................................................................................................................
5 A n in s e c t ....................................................................................................................................................
6 I'm u n e m p lo ye d . I ...................................... .........................................................................................
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 5 - 7 ( p a g e 2 5 4)
U nit
t was/ were
N o w Ro b ert is at w ork.
A t m id nig h t last nig ht
he w asn 't at w ork.
H e w as in bed.
H e w as asleep.
a m / is (p rese n t) —> w as (p ast):
O
I a m tire d, (n o w )
I w as tire d l ast nig h t.
O
W h ere is Kate? (n o w )
W h e re w as Kate y est e r d a y?
O
Th e w e a th er is g o o d to day.
Th e w e a th er w as g o o d last w e e k .
a r e (p rese n t) —» w e r e (p ast):
O
O
Yo u a r e late, (n o w )
Yo u w e r e late y est e r d a y.
T h e y a r e n 't here, (n o w )
T h e y w e r e n 't here last Su n d a y.
positive
negative
1
he
she
1
w as
w as n o t
she
( w asn't)
it
we
we
w e re
th e y
1?
he
it
yo u
question
he?
w as
she?
it?
we?
w ere n o t
yo u
w ere
( w e r e n 't)
they
yo u?
they?
O
Last year Rachel w as 22, so she is 23 now.
O
W h e n I w as a child, I w as scare d o f do gs.
O
W e w e r e h un gry after th e jo urn ey, b ut w e w e r e n ' t tire d.
O
Th e hotel w as c o m forta b le, b ut it w asn 't exp e nsive.
O
O
W as th e w e a th er nice w h e n yo u w e r e on holid ay?
Yo ur sho es are nice. W e r e th ey exp ensive?
O
W h y w e r e yo u late this m ornin g?
S hort a nswers
Yes,
30
l/ h e /sh e /it w as.
w e / y o u / t h e y w ere.
N o,
l/ h e /sh e /it w asn't.
w e / y o u / t h e y w ere n't.
O
O
' W as T o m at w o rk yesterday?'
O
' W ere Su e a n d St e v e at th e party?'
' W ere y o u late?'
( a m /is/ are » U nits 1 - 2
' N o, I w asn't .'
I was d oing
'Yes, h e w as.'
U nit 13
N o, t h e y w ere n't.'
Exercises
W h e r e w ere t h ese p e o p le a t 3 o'clock yest erd a y af t e rn o o n?
1
4
J o e w as.in .b e d ..................................................................
2 Jack an d K a t e .........................................................................
5.. .............................
3 S u e ...............................................................................................
6 A n d yo u? I.
W ri t e a m / is / a r e (p r ese n t) or w as / w e r e (p ast).
1 Last year s h e
w as
22, so s h e
is
23 no w.
2 To d ay th e w e a t h e r....................... nice, b ut yesterd ay i t .......................... very cold.
3 I ....................... hun gry. C a n I have so m e thin g to eat?
4 I feel fin e this m ornin g, b ut I ....................... very tire d last night.
5 W h e r e ....................... y o u at 11 o'clo ck last Friday m ornin g?
6 D o n't b uy th ose sh o es. T h e y ....................... very exp ensive.
7 I like y o ur n e w ja ck e t............................it exp ensive?
8 This tim e last year I ....................... in Paris.
9 'W h e r e
Sa m an d Joe?'
'I d o n't know. T h e y
here a few m in u t es ago.'
gjg| W ri t e w as / w e r e o r w asn 't / w e r e n 't .
1 W e w ere n't ha p p y w ith th e hotel. O u r r o o m
2 M a rk
w as
very sm all an d i t
w a s n ’t
clean.
at w o rk last w e e k b ecause h e .......................... ill. He's b etter no w.
3 Yest e rd a y.........................a p u b lic holid ay, so th e b a n ks.......................... close d. Th e y're o p en to day.
4 '.........................Kate an d Ben at th e party?'
5 W h ere are m y keys? T h e y
6 You
'K a t e
there, b ut B e n .......................... .'
on th e table, b ut th ey're n o t th ere no w.
at h o m e last nig ht..W h e r e .........................yo u?
W ri t e q u est io ns fro m t h ese w o r ds + w as / w e r e . Pu t t h e w o r ds in t h e rig h t order.
\ \ ___________________________________
(la te / yo u / this m ornin g / w hy?)
W h y w are .y o u .ja t e . t h is m prni.ng?..
/7
Th e traffic w as bad.
(d iffic u lt / y o ur exa m?)
N o, it w as easy.
(last w e e k / w h ere / Su e an d Chris?)
Th e y w ere on holiday.
(y o ur n e w ca m era / h o w m u ch?)
A h u n dre d p o u n ds.
(a n gry / yo u / yesterd ay / w hy?)
(n ic e / th e w e a th er / last w e ek?)
31
Unit
11
w orked / g o t / wen t e t c (past simple)
Th e y
w atch
T V every evening.
( presen t sim ple )
Th ey
w a tch e d
T V yesterd ay evening.
( p a st sim ple )
w a t c h e d is th e p a st sim ple:
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
w atch e d
T h e past sim p le is often - e d ( regular verbs) . For exa m ple:
w o rk —> w o r k e d
d ance —> d a n c e d
clean —> cl e a n e d
stay —> st a y e d
start —» st a r t e d
nee d —> n e e d e d
O
O
O
Yesterd ay it r a i n e d all m ornin g. It st o p p e d at lu n ch tim e.
O
W e e n j o y e d th e p arty last night. W e d a n c e d a lo t an d t a l k e d to a lo t o f p e o ple.
I clean m y te eth every m ornin g. This m ornin g I cl e a n e d m y te eth.
Terry w o r k e d in a b ank fro m 2005 to 2011.
Th e p arty f i n ish e d at m id nig h t.
S pelling (—» A p p e n d ix 5):
try —> trie d
st u d y —> st u d ie d
st o p —» st o p p e d
plan —» p la n n e d
co p y —» c o p ie d
So m e verbs are irregular (= n o t re gular). T h e p ast sim p le is not -e d. H ere are so m e im p o rta n t irregular
verbs (se e also A p p e n d ix 2 - 3 ):
fall
fell
leave —>
le f t
sell
fin d
found
lose
l ost
sit
sa t
brought
fly
f le w
m ake
made
slee p
sl e p t
b u il t
forget
forg o t
m eet
met
sp eak
sp o k e
begin —» b e g an
break
bro ke
bring
build
—»
so l d
b uy
bought
get
got
pay
p aid
stan d
st o o d
catch
ca u g h t
give
g ave
put
put
take
took
com e
ca m e
read
r e a d (re d)*
tell
told
do
did
go
have
went
had
ring
ran g
t h in k
thought
drin k
dran k
hear
heard
say
sa i d
w in
won
eat
ate
know
knew
see
sa w
w rit e
w ro te
* pron ou nced 'red'
I usually get up early, b ut this m ornin g I g o t up at 9 o'clock.
W e d i d a lo t o f w o rk yesterday.
C aro lin e w e n t to th e cin e m a thre e tim es last w e e k.
Jam es c a m e into th e ro o m , t o o k o ff his c o a t an d sa t d o w n.
32
( was/ were
U nit 10
I didn't / Did yo u ... ? (n e g a tiv e a n d q u estio ns) 4 U nit 12
ago 4 U nit 19
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use a ve rb fro m t h e box.
c le a n
1
I
die
c le a n e d
enjo y
f in ish
happen
open
r a in
st a rt
st a y
w ant
my te eth thre e tim es yesterday.
2 It w as h o t in the ro o m , so I ....................................... th e w in d o w.
3 Th e film w as very long. I t .......................................at 7.15 a n d .......................................... at 10 o'clock.
4 W h e n I w as a child, I ........................................ to be a d o ctor.
5 Th e a c c i d e n t ........................................ last Su n d ay aftern o o n.
6
Th e w e a th er is nic e to day, b ut yesterd ay i t .......................................all day.
7 W e ........................................ o ur h olid ay last year. W e ........................................ at a very nice place.
8 A nna's g ra n d fa t h e r........................................ w h e n he w as 90 years old.
W ri t e t h e p ast sim p le o f t h ese verbs.
.g.......
1 gee ....
2 see .......................... .......
3 play ......................... .......
4 pay ................. ................
5 visit ................. ................
6 b uy ................. ...............
7 go ..................... ..............
8 t h in k ..............................
9 c o p y ................ ..............
10 k n o w ....
11 p u t .......
12 sp eak ...
Read a b o u t Lisa's jo u r n e y t o M a d rid . Pu t t h e verbs in t h e c o rr e c t f or m.
\
CHECK-IN
Y
Last Tu esd ay Lisa (1)
fe w
fro m Lo n d o n to M a drid . She (2)
up
at 6 o'clo ck in th e m ornin g an d (3) ................................ a c u p o f coffee. A t 6.30 sh e
(4) ............................... h o m e an d (5) .................................to th e airp ort. W h e n she
(6)............................... there, she (7) .................................th e car, (8)
b uildin g, an d
(9)
.................................in. Th e n she (10)
to th e a irp ort
bre akfast at a cafe
M a d r id a ir p o r t
fty get
have
leave, drive
get, park, w alk
ch e ck, have
an d (11) ................................ for her flig ht. Th e plane (12) .................................. on tim e an d
w ait, d e p art
(13) ............................... in M a d rid tw o h o urs later. Finally she (14)
arrive, take
a taxi
fro m th e airp ort to her ho tel in th e ce n tre o f M a drid .
W rit e se n t e n c es a b o u t t h e p ast (y e s t e r d a y / la s t w e e k e tc.).
1 Jam es always goes to w o rk by car. Yest e rd a y
he w a n t.t o w ork b y c a r ................................................................
2 Rachel often loses her keys. S h e ...............................................................................................................................last w e e k.
3 Kate m e ets her frie n ds every evenin g. S h e ......................................................................................yesterd ay evenin g.
4 I b uy a n e wsp a p er every day. Yesterd ay I ...................................................................................................................................
5 W e often go to th e cin e m a at w e eke n ds. Last Su n d ay w e .............................................................................................
6 I eat an orang e every day. Yesterd ay I ..........................................................................................................................................
7 To m always has a sh o w er in th e m ornin g. This m o rnin g h e .........................................................................................
8 O u r frie n ds often c o m e to see us. T h e y .............................................................................................................last Friday.
W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t w h a t y o u d i d yesterday.
1
1wen t
to the theat re, .....................................
2 ................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercise 10 (p ag e 256)
Unit
12
I d i d n ' t ...
Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
W e use d i d in past sim p le ne gatives an d q u estio ns:
infinitive
positive
1
play
p la y e d
question
1
st a r t e d
we
start
negative
1
play?
start
we
start?
w a tch
yo u
w atch?
th ey
have?
see?
play
we
w a tch
yo u
w atch e d
yo u
have
th e y
had
th ey
see
he
sa w
he
see
he
do
she
did
she
do
she
do?
go
it
it
go
it
go?
went
did n o t
( d id n't)
have
did
d o / d o es ( present ) —» d i d ( p ast ) :
O
I d o n 't w a tch T V very often.
I d i d n 't w a tch T V y est e r d a y.
O
D o es she often go away?
D i d she go aw ay last w e e k?
W e use d i d / d i d n ' t + infinitive (w a t c h / p la y / g o etc.):
I w atch e d
bu t
th e y w e n t
I d i d n 't w a t c h
( not I did n't w a tc h e d )
d i d th e y go?
( n ot did th ey w e n t?)
he h a d
he d i d n 't h a v e
yo u d i d
d i d yo u d o?
O
I p la y e d te nnis yesterday, b ut I d i d n 't w in.
O
O
' D id yo u d o th e sh o p pin g?'
'N o, I d i d n 't h a v e time.'
W e w e n t to th e cin e m a, b ut w e d i d n 't e n j o y th e film.
Stu d y th e w ord ord er in q u estio ns:
d i d + su bject
+
infinitive
Did
y o ur sister
c a ll
yo u?
W hat
did
yo u
do
last night?
H ow
did
th e accid e n t
h a p p e n?
W h ere
did
y o ur parents
go
for th e ir holid ay?
S hort a nswers
l/ w e / y o u / ch e y
d id
l / w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
O
O
O
O
' D id y o u see Jo e yesterday?'
'D id i t rain on Sund ay?'
' N o, I d i d n't .'
'Yes, i t di d.'
D i d H e le n c o m e to th e party?'
N o, sh e d i d n't .'
D i d y o u r p a r e n ts have a g o o d holid ay?'
f w orke d / go t / we nt etc. (p ast sim p le)
^
h e /sh e /it
U nit 11
Yes, t h e y di d.'
-xeroses
m
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h t h e verb in t h e n e g ative.
1 I saw Barb ara, b ut I
d id n’t s e e
jan e.
2 Th e y w ork e d on M o n d ay, b ut t h e y ........................................................................on Tu esd ay.
3 W e w e n t to th e p ost offic e, b ut w e ........................................................................to th e bank.
4 She had a pen, b ut s h e ........................................................................any paper.
5 Jack did Fre nch at sch o o l, b ut h e ........................................................................ G erm a n.
o
W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h D i d ... ?
Did y o u w a t c h ..TV. l a s t night...
I w a tc h e d T V last nig ht. H o w a b o u t you?
CD
I e njo ye d th e party. H o w a b o u t yo u?
........................................................................
I had a g o o d holiday. H o w a b o u t yo u?
........................................................................
I fin ish e d w o rk early. H o w a b o u t yo u?
........................................................................
I sle pt well last nig ht. H o w a b o u t yo u?
........................................................................
W h a t did y o u d o yest erd a y? W ri t e p osit iv e o r n e g a tive se n t e nces.
1 (w a tc h T V )
t Z
l
!.w a t c h e d .T V .... o r
!. d id n’t w a t c h TV..........
2 (g et up b efore 7 o'clo ck)
I ............................................................................................................
3 (h ave a sh o w er)
4 (b u y a m a g azin e)
...............................................................................................................
5 (e at m e a t)
6 (go to bed before 10.30)
......................................................................................... .....................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
W rit e B's q u esti o ns. Use:
a rriv e
1
a
go
go t o b e d la t e
happen
5
: W e w e n t to N e w Yo rk last m o n th.
b:
2
c o st
W h e r e .... did.y o u s t a y .........................................?
a
: W it h so m e frien ds.
a
: 1w as late for th e m e etin g.
6
B: W h a t t i m e .................................................................. ?
3
a
: H alf past nine.
a
: 1 playe d te nnis this aftern o o n.
7
^
: N o, 1 lost.
a:
8
1 had a nice holiday.
B. G o o d . W h e r e ...........................................................?
a
: To th e m o u n tains.
a
st a y
w in
: W e c a m e h o m e by taxi.
b:
H o w m u c h ................................................................. ?
a:
Ten p o u n ds.
a
: I'm tire d this m ornin g.
b:
...................................................................................?
a:
N o , b ut 1did n't sleep very well.
a
: W e w e n t to th e b each yesterday.
b:
B: .................................................................................. ?
a
h a v e a n ic e t i m e
...................................................................................?
a
: Yes, it w as great.
a
: T h e w in d o w is bro ken.
b:
H o w ................................................................................?
a:
1d o n't know.
" u t t h e ver b in t h e c o rr e c t f or m - p ositive, n e g a tive or q u esti o n.
We w e n t to th e cin e m a, b ut th e film wasn't v ery go o d. W e
d id n ’t e n jo y
it. (e n jo y)
1 T o m ................................................. so m e n e w clo th es yesterd ay - t w o shirts, a ja ck e t an d a p ullover, (b u y)
............ yesterday?'
'N o, it w as a nic e day.' (ra in)
-
.Ve w ere tire d, so w e ................................................................ long at th e party, (stay)
:
: w as very w arm in th e ro o m, so I ................................................................ a w in d o w , (o p e n)
r
D id yo u p h o n e C hris this m orning?'
I c u t m y hand this m orning.'
•
'N o, I ................................................................ tim e.' (h ave)
' H o w ................................................................. that?' (d o )
.V h y w ere n't yo u at th e m e etin g yesterday?'
I e x ercises 1 0 - 1 3 (page 256)
' I ................................................................ a b o u t it.' (k n o w )
35
U nit
13
I was doing (past continuous)
It is 6 o'clo ck now.
Paul is at h o m e.
H e is w atchin g TV.
m
A t 4 o'clo ck he w asn't at h o m e.
H e was at th e sp o rts clu b.
H e was swim m in g in th e p o ol.
H e w asn't w atchin g TV.
was/w ere + -ing is th e p a st continuous:
1
he
sh e
was
it
we
yo u
were
1
d oing
w atchin g
playing
swim m in g
livin g
he
she
was not
(w asn't)
it
we
yo u
etc.
th e y
O
O
O
O
O
O
question
negative
positive
th ey
were not
(w eren't)
doing
w atchin g
playing
swim m in g
livin g
1
he
was
she
it
we
were
etc.
yo u
th e y
doing?
watching?
playing?
swim min g?
living?
etc.
W h a t were yo u d oing at 11.30 yesterd ay? Were yo u working?
'W h a t did he say?'
'I d o n't kn ow. I wasn't listening.'
It was ra in in g so w e did n't go o u t.
In 2009 w e were livin g in C a na d a.
To d ay she's w e arin g a skirt, b ut yesterd ay she was w e arin g tro users.
I w o k e up early yesterd ay. It w as a b eautiful m ornin g. Th e sun was shinin g an d th e birds
were singing
S pelling (live - » living / run —> r u n n i n g / lie - » lyin g e tc.) —» A p p e n d ix 5
am /is/are + -in g ( present ) —> was/were + -ing ( p ast ):
p a st
It isn't rainin g (n o w ).
O
O
It w asn't rainin g w h e n w e w e n t o u t.
W h a t are yo u d oing (n o w)?
O
W h a t were yo u doing at 3 o'clock?
I'm w orkin g (n o w ).
36
( was/ were
U nit 10
I was w orkin g at 10.30 last night.
I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple)
U nit 14
Exercises
fM 'V
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res. W h e re w ere t h ese p e o p le a t 3 o'clock yest erd a y a f t e rn o o n? A n d w h a t w ere
t h e y d o in g? W ri t e t w o se n t e n ces f or e ach pict ure.
PLATFC5R' ^ ^ S
L ;
,
R A C H EL
at h o m e
w a tch
1
TV
JA CK
K A TE
at th e cin e m a
w a t c h a f il m
TOM
I
I
r / V
111
i
^
1
MR A N D MRS H A LL
TR A CEY
in h is c a r
a t t h e sta tio n
in t h e p a r k
d riv e
w a it f o r a tra in
w alk
Rachel, was a t home. She was watching TV...............................................................................................
2 Jack an d K a t e ........................................................................ T h e y .......................................................................................................
3 T o m ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 A n d yo u? I ................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sarah di d a lo t o f t h in gs yest e r d a y m o rn in g . Lo o k a t t h e p ict u r es a n d c o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces.
7 .1 0 - 7 .2 5
7 .3 0 - 8 .1 0
8.30 - 9.00
1 A t 8 .4 5
s h e w a s w ash in g h e r c a r.
2 A t 10.45 s h e
3 A t 8 o 'c l o c k
breakfast
4 A t 12.1 0.........
9 .2 0 - 1 0 .0 0
5 A t 7 .1 5 ............
6 A t 9 .3 0 ............
C o m p le t e t h e q u esti o ns. Use w as / w e r e -in g . Use w h a t / w h e r e / w h y if n ecessary.
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u re. Yo u sa w Joe in t h e str e e t yest e r d a y af t e rn o o n . W h a t w as he d o in g? W ri t e
p osit iv e o r n e g a tive se n t e nces.
1 (w e ar / a ja ck e t)
H e w a s n Y w e arin g a j a c k e t ,........................
2 (c arry / a bag) ..................................................................................................
3 (go / to th e d e n tist) .....................................................................................
4 (e at / an ice cre a m ) ......................................................................................
5 (c arry / an u m brella) ...................................................................................
6 (go / h o m e) ......................................................................................................
7 (w e ar / a h a t) ...................................................................................................
8 (rid e / a b icycle) .............................................................................................
37
He st o p p e d reading.
His p h o n e rang.
H e answ ere d his
p h o n e.
W h a t happened? His p h o n e rang, ( p a st sim ple )
W h a t was Jack d oing w h e n his p h o n e rang?
( p a st continuous)
H e was readin g a b o ok.
W h a t did he do w h e n his p h o n e rang?
( p a st sim ple )
H e sto p p ed reading an d answered his p h o n e.
Jack began reading before his p h o n e rang.
So when his p h o n e rang, he was reading.
he starte d
his p h o n e
he sto p p e d
reading
rang
re ading
he answ ere d
his p h o n e
______ i
he was reading
p a st sim ple
O a: W h a t did yo u do yesterd ay m ornin g?
b: W e played tennis, (fro m 10 to 11.30)
st a rt
fin ish
10 o'clock
11................ .......
11.30
11
p a st continuous
O a: W h a t were yo u doing at 10.30?
b : W e were playin g tennis.
st a rt
10 o'clock
i
|
\
O
O
O
O
O
O
38
t
/
/
w e played
w e were playing
com plete action
unfinished action
Jack read a b o o k yesterday. (= fro m
O
Jack was reading a b o o k w h e n his
p h o n e rang.
b e gin nin g to e n d)
O
\
Did yo u watch th e g am e on T V last
Were yo u watchin g T V w h e n I p h o n e d
night?
yo u?
It did n't rain w h ile w e w ere on holiday.
It w asn't rainin g w h e n I got up.
I starte d w o rk at 9 o'clo ck an d finishe d at 4.30. A t 2.30 I was workin g.
It was rainin g w h e n w e w e nt o u t. (= it starte d rainin g before w e w e n t o u t)
I saw Lu cy an d Steve this m ornin g. Th e y were w aitin g at th e bus sto p.
Kelly fell asleep w h ile she was reading.
( I d i d (p ast sim ple)
4 U n i ts 1 1 - 1 2
I w as d o in g (p ast c o ntin u o us)
» U n i t 13
w h il e
U n i t 105
)
Exercises
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res. Pu t t h e ve rbs in t h e c o rr e c t f or m, p ast c o n t in u o us o r p ast si m ple.
Lucy
b ro k e
(bre a k) her arm last w e ek.
I t ................................................................(h a p p e n) w h e n
s h e ................................................................ (p a in t) her
ro o m . S h e .............................................................. (fall)
o ff th e ladder.
Th e t r a i n ................................................................(arriv e)
at th e statio n an d P a u la .................................................
(g e t) off. Tw o frie n ds o f hers, Jon an d Rachel,
..........................................................................(w a it) to
m e e t her.
3
Yesterday S u e ...............................................
(walk)
along the road when sh e ............................. (m e e t)
James. H e ................................................................ (go)
to the station to catch a train and he
..........................................................(carry) a bag.
T h e y ........................................................... (sto p) to
talk for a few minutes.
Put th e verb into the past c o n tin u o us or past sim ple.
1 a: W h at was the weather like when y o u
b: I t w as raining
(rain).
got
(get) up this morning?
2 a : Was Jane busy when you w ent to see her?
b : Yes, sh e ........................................................... (stu dy).
3 a : ........................................................... (Paul/call) you this morning?
b: Yes, h e ........................................................... (call) while.I .............................................................(have) breakfast.
4 a : Was Tracey at w ork today?
b: No, s h e ........................................................... (not/ g o) to work. She was ill.
5 a : H o w f a st........................................................................ (yo u / drive) when the police
........................................................... (sto p) you?
b: I'm not sure, but I ........................................................................ (n o t / drive) very fast.
6 a : ..........................................................................(yo ur team / win) the football match yesterday?
b: Th e weather was very bad, so w e ........................................................... (n ot/ play).
7 a : H o w ........................................................................ (you / break) the win d ow?
b: W e
(play) football... I ........................................................... (kick) the ball and
i t ........................................................... (hit) the wind ow.
8 a : ..........................................................................(yo u /see) Jessica last night?
b: Yes, sh e ..........................................................................(w ear) a very nice jacket.
9 a : W h a t ..........................................................................(yo u / d o) at 2 o'clock this morning?
b: I was asleep.
10 a : I ..........................................................(lose) my key last night.
b: H o w ........................................................... (yo u / g et) into yo ur room?
a : I ..........................................................(clim b) in through a wind ow.
A d d i t i o n a l e x e r c is e s 1 4 - 1 5 ( p a g es 2 5 7 - 5 8 )
U nit
15
I have done (present perfect 1)
j cle aned my sh o e e ^
H e has cleane d his sho es.
His sho es are dirty.
(= his sh o es are clean n ow )
3
T h e y have gone o ut.
Th e y are going o ut.
T h e y are at h o m e.
(= th e y are n o t at h o m e now )
has cleane d / have gone etc. is th e presen t perfect (have + p a st p articiple ):
I
we
yo u
have ('ve)
have n ot (haven't)
th e y
he
she
it
has ('s)
has not (h asn't)
cleane d
finishe d
starte d
lost
done
been
gone
I
have
have
we
we
yo u
th ey
hac
has
he
he
she
it
cleaned?
finishe
finished?
d?
starte d?
lost?
done?
been?
gone?
[ regular verbs
I irregular
\
verbs
p a st p articiple
R egular verbs
T h e past p articip le is -ed (t h e sa m e as th e p ast sim p le):
clean —> I have cle a n e d
finish —» w e have fin ish e d
start —> she has start e d
Irregular verbs T h e past p articip le is n o t -ed.
So m e tim es th e p ast sim p le an d past p articip le are th e sa m e:
b uy —> I bought / 1 have b ought
have —> he had / he has had
So m e tim es the p ast sim p le an d past p articip le are different:
bre ak —> I broke / 1 have broken
see - » yo u saw / yo u have seen
fall —> it fell / it has fallen
go —> th e y w e nt / th e y have gone
W e use th e prese nt p erfect for an action in the p a st w ith a result now:
O
O
O
O
I've lost m y p assp ort. (= I can't fin d m y p assp ort now )
'She's gone to bed.' (= she is in be d n ow )
We've b ought a n e w car. (= w e have a n e w car now )
It's Rachel's b irth d ay t o m o rro w an d I haven't bou ght her a present. (= I d o n't have a present
'W here's Rebecca?'
for her n ow )
O
'Bo b is aw ay on holiday.'
O
C a n I take this n ewsp a p er? Have yo u finishe d w ith it?
present perfect
irregular verbs
'O h, w h ere has he gone?' (= w h ere is he now?)
(= d o yo u ne e d it now?)
U nits 16-1 9 present perfect and past simple
U nit 20
U nit 24, A p p e n dix 2 - 3______________________________________
Exercises
f O
Lo o k a t t h e pict ures. W h a t has h a p p e n e d? C h o ose fro m t h e box.
go t o b e d
c le an h is sh o es
st o p r a i n i n g
cl o se t h e d o o r
fall d o w n
h a v e a sh o w e r
—>
Th ey.
M
Hi
1
M M
—>
H e.
Th e.
H g | C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h a verb fro m t h e box.
break
buy
d e ci d e
f in ish
forget
go
go
in vite
lose
se e
n o t / se e
take
t e ll
n o t / t e ll
1 I
y e jo s t
m y keys. I d o n't k n o w w h ere th e y are.
2 I ........................................................................so m e n e w sho es. D o yo u w a n t to see th e m?
3 'W h ere is H elen?'
'She's n o t here. S h e ...................................................................... out.'
4 I'm lo o kin g for Paula................................... y o u ................................................. her?
5 Lo ok! S o m e b o d y ........................................................................ th a t w in d o w.
6 'D o es Lisa k n o w th a t yo u're going away?'
'Yes, I ........................................................................ her.'
7 I can't fin d m y u m brella. S o m e b o d y ........................................................................ it.
8 'W h ere are m y glasses?'
'I d o n't know. I ...................................................................... the m.'
9 I'm lo o kin g for Sarah. W h e r e ...............................s h e ..................................................?
10 I k n o w th a t w o m a n, b ut I ........................................................................ her nam e.
11 Sue is havin g a p arty to nig ht. S h e
a lot o f pe o ple.
12 W h a t are yo u going to do? ............................... y o u ..................................................?
13
a
: D o es Ben k n o w a b o u t th e m e etin g to m orro w?
B: I d o n't t h in k so. I ........................................................................ him .
14 I
w ith this m ag azine. D o yo u w a n t it?
16
I've j u s t ... I’ve a lr e a d y ...
I h a v e n't... yet (present perfect 2)
I've j u s t ...
ju st
= a sh ort tim e ago
O
a : A re Laura and Paul here?
b:
O
a
: A re yo u hun gry?
b:
O
a
Yes, t h e y'v e j u s t a rriv e d .
N
o,
I've j u s t h a d d i n n e r .
: Is To m here?
b:
N
o,
I'm a f r a i d h e 's j u s t g o n e.
%
(= he h a s just g o n e)
mk
Th e y h a v e j u s t a rriv e d .
I've a l r e a d y ...
Yes, I know. We’ve
already met.
a lr e a d y = b efore yo u exp e ct e d / before I exp e ct e d
O
a : W h a t tim e are Laura an d Paul c o m in g?
T h e y'v e a lr e a d y a rriv e d .
b:
(= b efore yo u exp e c t e d )
O
It's o nly 9 o'clo ck an d A n n a h as a lr e a d y
g o n e to bed. (= before I exp e ct e d )
O
a
: Jon, this is Em m a.
b:
Yes, I know. W e'v e a lr e a d y m e t.
I h a v e n ' t ... y e t / H a v e y o u ... y e t?
y e t = until n o w
W e use y e t in ne gative se nte nces an d q u estio ns. Y e t is usually at th e end.
y e t in ne gative se nte nces (I h a v e n ' t ... y e t)
O
a : A re Laura an d Paul here?
b.
N o, th e y h a v e n 't a r r i v e d yet.
(b u t B exp e cts Laura an d Paul to arrive so o n)
O
a : D o es Jam es k n o w th a t yo u're going away?
b:
N
o,
I h a v e n 't t o l d him yet.
(b u t B is g oing to tell him so o n)
O
Th e film h asn't st a r t e d ye t.
Silvia has b o u g ht a n e w dress, b u t she h asn't w o r n it ye t.
y e t in q u estio ns ( H a v e yo u ... ye t?)
O
a : H a v e Laura an d Paul a r r i v e d ye t?
b:
O
N
o,
a : H as N ic ola s t a r t e d her n e w jo b ye t?
b: N o ,
O
a
she starts n ext w e ek.
: This is m y n e w dress.
b:
42
n o t yet. W e're still w aitin g for th e m.
O h, it's nice. H a v e yo u w o r n it ye t?
( present perfect
U n i ts 1 5 , 1 7 - 2 0
w ord ord er
4 U n i t 94
still, y e t an d alr e a d y 4 U n i t 95
)
Exercises
W ri t e a se n t e n ce w it h j u s t f or each pict ure.
1
Theyye j u s t a rrived
3 T h e y ......
2 H e ............................................
4 Th e race
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use a lr e a d y + p rese n t p er f ect.
| g g } W ri t e a se n t e n ce w it h j u s t (T h e y 'v e j u s t ... / She's j u s t ... e tc.) o r a n e g a tive se n t e n ce w it h y e t
(T h e y h a v e n ' t ... y e t / Sh e h a s n ' t ... y e t e tc.).
CD a fe w m inutes
go uM<
(OUT
now
{2} a fe w m inutes
now
o/ew m inutes
ago
«
•
*
(sh e / go / o u t)
H lV (t h e bus / go)
Sha hasn’t.gpne out yet...
© o/ew m inutes
. r
now | GD o/ew m inutes
ago
(t h e train / leave)
Th e b u s............
now
ago
(t h e y / finish / th eir d in n e r)
© o / e w m inutes
ago
(it / sto p / rainin g)
W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h ye t .
1 Yo ur frie n d has a n e w jo b. Perhaps she has starte d it. Yo u ask her:
Have you s.ta.rta d.your naw
.......... .....................................................................
2 Yo ur frie n d has so m e n e w neig h b o urs. Perhaps he has m e t th e m . Yo u ask him:
....................... y o u ..................................................................................................................................................
3 Yo ur frie n d has to pay her e le c tricity bill. Perhaps she has paid it. Yo u ask her:
4 To m w as tryin g to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. Yo u ask a frie n d a b o u t To m:
u
U nit
17
Have you e v e r... ? (present perfect 3)
Have you been
to Rome?
Yes, I have.
Many times.
Have you ever
been to Japan?
No, I've never
been to Japan.
W e use th e presen t perfect (h a v e b e e n / h a v e h a d / h a v e p la y e d e tc.) w h e n w e talk a b o u t a tim e fro m
th e p ast until n o w - for exa m p le, a p erso ns life:
H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n t o Ja p a n?
— tim e fro m the p a st until now -
now
p a st
O
O
O
' H a ve yo u b e e n to France?'
O
I'v e se e n t h a t w o m a n before, b ut I can't re m e m b er w h ere.
O
O
H o w m a ny tim es h as Brazil w o n th e W o rld Cu p?
'N o, I have n't.'
I've b e e n to Ca n a d a, b ut I h a v e n 't b e e n to th e U n it e d States.
M ary is an interestin g p erson. She has h a d m a ny d iffere nt jo bs an d h as li v e d in m a ny places.
'H a ve yo u r e a d this bo ok?'
'Yes, I've r e a d it twice.' ( t w ic e = t w o tim es)
presen t perfect + e v e r (in q u estio ns) an d n ev er:
O
O
'H as A n n e v e r b e e n to A ustralia?'
O
M y sister h as n e v e r t r a v e ll e d by plane.
'H a ve yo u e v e r p la y e d golf?'
O
I've n e v e r ri d d e n a horse.
O
'W h o is th a t man?'
'Yes, once.' ( o n ce = o n e tim e)
'Yes, I play a lot.'
'I d o n't kn ow. I've n e v e r se e n him before.'
g o n e an d b e e n
two weeks la ter
, Ben. ^
Hi. I've been
on holiday. I've
been to Spain.
Ben h as g o n e to Spain.
Ben h as b e e n to Spain.
(= he is in Sp ain n o w )
( = he w e n t to Spain, b ut n o w he is b ack)
C o m p are:
O
O
44
I can't fin d Susan. W h ere h as she g o n e? (= w h ere is sh e n o w?)
O h, hello Susan! I w as lo okin g for yo u. W h ere h a v e yo u b e e n?
( present perfect 4 U nits 1 5 -1 6 ,1 8
present perfect and past simple 4 U nit 20
BE N
Exercises
Yo u are ask in g H ele n q u est io ns b e g in n in g H a v e y o u e v e r ... ? W ri t e t h e q u esti o ns.
H ele n
1 (b e / Lo n d o n?)
H av e y o u e v e r ^
N o, never.
2 (p la y / g o lf?)
H ave y o u .e v e r p laye d j o l f ? ...........
Yes, m a ny tim es.
Yes, o nce.
H a v e ..................................................................
3 (b e / A ustralia?)
4 ( lose / y o u r p a ssport? )
N o, never.
5 (fly / in a h elico p ter?)
Yes, a few times.
6 (w in / a race?)
N o, never.
7 (b e / N e w York?)
Yes, twic e.
8 (drive / a bus?)
N o, never.
9 (b re ak / y o ur leg?)
Yes, o nce.
W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t H ele n. (Lo o k a t her answ ers in Ex ercise 17.1.)
1 (b e / N e w Yo rk)
S t e 's bean, t o N aw Y o rk t w ic e ........................................
2 (b e / A ustra lia) S h e ...........................................................................................................
3 (w in / a race) ........................................................................................................................
4 (fly / in a h e lic o p ter) ........................................................................................................
N o w w ri t e a b o u t y o urself. H o w o f t e n have y o u d o n e t h ese t hin gs?
5 (b e / N e w Yo rk) I ...........................................................................................................
6 (p lay / t e n nis) ...................................................................................................................
7 (drive / a lo rry) ................................................................................................................
8 (b e / late for w o rk or sc h o o l) .................................................................................
M a r y is 65 years old. Sh e has ha d an in t erestin g life. W h a t has she d o n e?
Jv
11ua Vmv
M a ry
1
be
all o v e r t h e w o r l d
a lo t o f i n t e r est i n g t h in g s
do
w ri t e
m a n y differen t jo bs
a lo t o f i n t e r est i n g p e o p le
travel
m eet
t e n b o o ks
m a r r i e d t h r e e t i m es
S h e h as. had. m a n y d iff e re n t j'p b s..
2 S h e ...................................................................
3 ..................................................................................
4
...........................................................................
5 .....................................................................
6 ........................................................................
| W ri t e g o n e o r b e e n.
go n e
1
Ben is on h o lid ay at th e m o m e n t. H e's
2
'H ave yo u e v e r..................................... to M exico?'
to Spain.
3
M y p arents aren't at h o m e at th e m o m e n t. T h e y 'v e ..................................... o u t.
'N o, never.'
4 There's a n e w restauran t in to w n. H ave y o u ........................................ to it?
5 Re b ecca loves Paris. Sh e's........................................ th ere m a ny tim es.
6 H ele n w as here earlier, b ut I t h in k sh e's.........................................now.
7 'W here's Jessica?'
'She's n o t in th e offic e. I t h in k sh e's.........................................home.'
8 H ello, Sue. I w as lo o kin g for yo u. W h ere have y o u .......................................?
-> A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 1 6 ,1 8 (pag es 2 5 8 - 6 0)
U nit
18
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
H elen is on h o lid ay in Ireland.
Sh e is there now.
Sh e arrive d in Ireland on M o n d ay.
To d ay is Thursd ay.
H o w long has sh e b e e n in Ireland?
She h as b e e n in Ireland
si n c e M o n d a y .
f o r t h r e e d ays.
C o m p are is an d h as b ee n:
She is in Ireland
is = presen t
n o w.
She h as b e e n in Ireland
si n c e M o n d a y ,
h as b e e n = presen t perfect
f o r t h r e e d ays.
now
Monday
Thursd a y
C o m p are:
presen t sim ple
presen t perfect sim ple (h a v e b e e n / h a v e li v e d / h a v e k n o w n etc.)
Dan an d Kate a r e m arrie d.
Th e y h a v e b e e n m arrie d f o r f iv e ye ars.
( not Th e y are m arrie d for five ye ars.)
A r e yo u m arrie d?
H o w lo n g h a v e yo u b e e n m arrie d?
D o yo u k n o w Lisa?
( not H o w long are yo u m arrie d?)
H o w l o n g h a v e yo u k n o w n her?
( not H o w long d o yo u k n o w her?)
I k n o w Lisa.
I've k n o w n her f o r a l o n g t i m e.
( not I k n o w her f o r ...)
V ic k y li v es in Lo n d o n.
H o w lo n g h as she li v e d in Lo n d o n?
She h as li v e d there all h e r life.
I h a v e a car.
H o w l o n g h a v e yo u h a d yo ur car?
I've h a d it sin c e A p ril.
presen t continuous
presen t perfect continuous (h a v e b e e n + -in g)
I'm l e a r n i n g G erm a n.
H o w l o n g h a v e yo u b e e n l e a r n i n g G erm a n?
( n o t H o w long are yo u le arning G erm a n?)
I've b e e n le a r n i n g G erm a n f o r t w o ye ars.
D avid is w a t c h i n g TV.
H o w l o n g h as he b e e n w a t c h i n g TV ?
H e's b e e n ( = He h as b e e n ) w a t c h i n g T V si n c e 5 o'cl ock.
It's rain in g .
( for and since 4 U nits 19,104
It's b e e n (= It has b e e n ) r a i n i n g all day.
Exercises
I Q
)
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces.
1 H elen is in Ire la n d S h e
2 I k n o w Lisa. I
h as been
have k n o w n
in Ireland since M o n d ay.
her for a long tim e.
3 Sarah an d A n d y are m arrie d. T h e y ................................................................ m arrie d sin ce 2005.
4 Ben is ill. H e ................................................................ ill for th e last few days.
5 W e live in Sc o tt Road. W e ................................................................th ere for a long tim e.
6 C a th erin e w orks in a b ank. S h e ................................................................ th ere for five years.
7 A lan has a hea d ach e. H e
a h e a d ach e since he g ot up this m ornin g.
8 I'm le arnin g English. I ................................................................ English for six m o n ths.
< f g j M a k e q u est io ns w it h H o w l o n g .
l o o k a t t h e p ict u res an d c o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h:
1
f or te n m in u t es
all d a y
all h e r life
f o r t e n y e a rs
si n c e he w as 20
si n c e S u n d a y
Thay have.been marrjed.for.i ^ nyears...............................................................................................
2 S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 T h e y .................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 T h e s u n ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
5 S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 H e ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
w h i c h is rig ht?
1
M ark l i v e s / has lived in C a n a d a since A pril,
( has lived
is
right )
2 Jane an d I are friends. I k n o w / I've k n o w n her very well.
3 Jane an d I are frien ds. I k n o w / I've k n o w n her for a long tim e.
4 a: Sorry I'm late. H o w long are yo u w aitin g / have yo u been w aitin g ?
b: N o t long. O n ly five m inutes.
5 Luke w o rks / has w ork e d in a hotel now. He likes his jo b a lot.
6 Ruth is re ading a newsp a p er. She is re ading / She has been reading it for t w o hours.
7 'H o w long d o yo u live / have yo u live d in this house?'
8 'Is th at a n e w coat?'
A b o u t ten years.'
'N o, I have / I've had this c o a t for a long time.'
9 To m is / has been in Spain at the m o m e n t. H e is / H e has been th ere for th e last thre e days.
Unit
19
for
since
ago
f o r an d sin c e
W e use f o r an d si n c e to say how long:
H elen is in Ireland. She h as b e e n there
f o r t h r e e d ays,
si n c e M o n d a y .
W e use f o r + a p erio d o f tim e
W e use si n c e + th e start o f th e p erio d
( t h r e e d a ys / t w o y e a rs etc.):
( M o n d a y / 9 o 'cl o ck e tc.):
st a rt o f the
period
f o r t h r e e d a ys
M on d ay
p a st
now
si n c e M o n d a y
p a st
now
for
thre e days
O
sin c e
ten m in u tes
M o n d ay
an h o ur
t w o h o urs
9 o'clo ck
12.30
a week
fo ur w e e ks
24 July
C hristm as
a m o n th
six m o n ths
Janu ary
I w as ten years old
five years
a long tim e
1985
w e arrive d
Rich ard has been in C a n a d a f o r six
O
m o n t hs. ( n ot since six m o n t hs)
W e've been w aitin g f o r t w o h o u rs.
Richard has been in C a n a d a sin c e
Ja n u a r y . (= fro m Jan u ary to n o w)
O
( n o t since t w o h o urs)
O
W e d n esd ay
W e've been w aitin g si n c e 9 o'clock.
(= fro m 9 o'clo ck to n o w)
I've live d in Lo n d o n f o r a l o n g t i m e.
O
I've lived in Lo n d o n si n c e I w as t e n
y e a rs old.
ag o
a g o = before n o w:
O
O
O
O
Susan starte d her n e w jo b t h r e e w e e k s ago.(= thre e w e e ks
'W h e n did T o m go out?'
before n o w)
T e n m i n u t e s ago.' (= ten m in u t es before n o w)
I had d in n er a n h o u r ago.
Life w as ve ry d iffere nt a h u n d r e d y e a rs ago.
W e use a g o w ith th e p ast (st a r t e d / d i d / h a d / w as etc.).
C o m p are a g o an d f or:
O
W h e n d i d H elen a r r i v e in Ireland?
She a r r i v e d in Ireland t h r e e d a ys ago.
O
H o w lo n g h as sh e b e e n in Ireland?
She h as b e e n in Ireland f o r t h r e e d ays.
SitlllSfl
48
( present perfect + for /since -> U nit 18
fro m / u n til/since / for ^ U nit 104
for and d u r i n g ^ U nit 105
)
Exercises
|
W rit e f o r or since.
1 H elen has been in Ire la n d
sin c e
2 H elen has been in Ire la n d
fo r
M o n d ay.
thre e days.
3 M y a u n t has live d in A u stra lia ................................ 15 years.
4 Tin a is in her offic e. She has been t h e r e ............................... 7 o'clock.
5 In dia has been an in d e p e n d e n t c o u n t ry ...............................1947.
6 T h e bus is late. W e've been w a itin g ............................... 20 m in u tes.
7 N o b o d y lives in th ose ho uses. T h e y have been e m p t y .................................m a ny years.
8 M ich a e l has been i l l ................................ a long tim e. H e has been in h o s p it a l.................................O cto b er.
A nsw e r t h ese q u esti o ns. Use ag o.
1 W h e n w as y o ur last meal?
T h rc c .h c u rs a g o...............................................................
2 W h e n w as th e last tim e yo u w ere ill?........................... ..........................................................................................................
3 W h e n did yo u last go to th e cin e m a?.......................... ..........................................................................................................
4 W h e n w as th e last tim e yo u w ere in a car?
..........................................................................................................
5 W h e n w as th e last tim e yo u w e n t on holiday?
..........................................................................................................
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n c es. Use f o r o r a g o w it h th ese w o rd s.
^
i
1
H elen arrive d in Ire la n d
2
H elen has been in Ire la n d
T h ra a d a y s a g o............................................................................................
3
Lynn an d M ark have been m a rrie d ...........................................................................................................
(20 years)
4
Lynn an d M ark g ot m a rrie d ...........................................................................................................................
(20 years)
f o r t h r e e d a y s .........................................................................................
(thre e d ays)
(thre e d ays)
5
D an a rriv e d ..............................................................................................................................................................
(an h o ur)
6
I b o u g h t th ese sh o e s..........................................................................................................................................
(a fe w d ays)
7
Silvia has been le arnin g En g lish ....................................................................................................................
(six m o n t hs)
8 H ave yo u kn o w n L is a ........................................................................................................................................ ?
(a long tim e)
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n c es w it h f o r o r sin ce.
1
(H ele n is in Ireland - she arrive d there thre e days ag o)
H eje n h a s boon j.n.lrcla n d.fo ^
........................................... ............................
2
(Jack is here - he arrive d on Tu esd ay)
L ............
Jack h a s............................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
(It's rainin g - it starte d an h o ur ag o)
It's b e e n ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (I k n o w Sue - I first m e t her in 2008)
5
I'v e ............................................................................................................................................................... ................................. .....................
(C laire an d M a t t are m arrie d - th e y g ot m arrie d six m o n ths ag o)
Claire an d M a t t h a v e ..............................................................................................................................................................................
6
(La ura is stu dyin g m e d icin e at u niversity - sh e starte d thre e years ag o)
7
Laura h a s.................................................................................................................................................’......................................................
(D avid plays th e pia n o - he starte d w h e n he w as seven years old)
D avid h a s........................................................................................................................................................................................................
c m
W rit e se n t e n c es a b o u t y o urse lf. Be gin y o u r se n t e n c es w it h :
I've li v e d ...
1
I've b e e n ...
I've b e e n l e a r n i n g ...
IV e Jiv c d jn t h is t o w n .f p .r t h r e e ^ a a rs.
2
I've k n o w n ...
I've h a d ...
...............................
...................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-*• A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 1 6 - 1 8 (pages 2 5 8 - 6 0)
U nit
20
I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
W it h a fin ish ed tim e (y est e r d a y / last w e e k e tc.), w e use th e past (a rri v e d / sa w / w as etc.):
+ fin ish e d
p a st
tim e
yesterday.
y est e r d a y
last w e ek.
W e arriv e d
l ast w e e k
at 3 o'clock.
six m o n t h s a g o
in 2002.
fin ish e d time
six m o n ths ago.
now
p a st
D o not use th e prese nt p erfect (h a v e a r r i v e d / h a v e d o n e / h a v e b e e n e tc.) w ith a finish e d tim e:
O
I sa w Paula y est e r d a y.
( not I have se e n)
W h ere w e r e yo u o n S u n d a y a f t e r n o o n ?
O
( n o t W h e re have yo u b e e n)
O
W e d i d n 't h a v e a h o lid ay last y e a r
O
( n o t W e haven't ha d)
'W h a t d i d yo u d o l ast nig h t?' 'I st a y e d at home.'
W illia m Shakesp eare li v e d f r o m 1 564 t o 1616. H e w as a writer. H e w r o t e m any plays
O
an d p o ems.
Use th e past to ask W h e n ... ? or W h a t t i m e ... ?:
O
O
W h e n d i d yo u b u y y o ur c o m p u ter? ( not W h e n have yo u b o u g h t)
W h a t t i m e d i d A n d y go out? ( n o t W h a t tim e has A n d y g o ne o u t)
C o m p are:
p a st
presen t perfect
O I h a v e l ost m y key.
(= I can't fin d it n o w )
O
Ben h as g o n e h o m e.
O
I lo st m y key l ast w e e k .
O
Ben w e n t h o m e t e n m i n u t e s ago.
O
D i d yo u se e Kate o n Sa t u r d a y?
(= he isn't here n o w )
O
H a v e yo u se e n Kate?
(= w h ere is she now?)
fin ish e d tim e
tim e until now
p a st
O
now
H a v e yo u e v e r b e e n to Spain?
....................
p a st
now
O
D i d yo u go to Sp ain last y e a r?
O
Shakesp eare w r o t e m a ny plays an d
( = in y o ur life, until now )
O
M y frie n d is a writer. H e h as w r i t t e n
p o ems.
m a ny b o oks.
O
O
Sam h asn 't p h o n e d m e yet.
O
Sam d i d n 't p h o n e m e yesterday.
W e'v e li v e d in Sin g ap ore for six years.
O
W e li v e d in G lasg o w for six years, b ut
(= w e live th ere n ow )
( past simple ^ Units 11-12
present perfect ^ Units 15-18
n o w w e live in Sin gap ore.
Exercises
Q
)
C o m p le t e t h e answ ers t o t h e q u esti o ns.
A re t h ese se n t e n ces O K ? C o rr e c t t h e ver bs t h a t are w ro n g. (T h e verbs are u n d e rlin e d .)
O K ................
1 JV eJost m y key. I can't fin d it.
..Qidyousee..
2 H ave yo u seen Kate yesterd ay?
3 I've fin ish e d m y w o rk at 2 o'clock.
4 I'm ready no w. I've finish e d m y w ork.
5 W h a t tim e have yo u finish e d y o ur w ork?
6 Sue isn't here. She's go ne o ut.
7 Steve's g ra n d m o th er has die d t w o years ago.
8 W h ere have yo u been last night?
£ £ } Put the verb in the present perfect or past.
1 M y frie n d is a writer. H e
2 We
d id n ’t h a ve
h a s w rit t e n
(w rit e ) m a ny b o oks.
(n o t / h a v e) a h o lid ay last year.
3 I .............................................................. (p lay) te nnis yesterd ay aftern o o n.
4 W h a t t i m e .............................................................. (y o u / g o) to b e d last night?
5 ................................................................ (y o u ever m e e t) a fa m o us p erson?
6 Th e w e a t h e r.............................................................. (n o t / b e) very g o o d yesterday.
7 Ka thy travels a lot. S h e
(visit) m a ny c o u n tries.
8 I .............................................................. (sw itc h) o ff th e light b efore going o u t this m ornin g.
9 I live in N e w Yo rk now, b ut I
(live) in M e xic o for m a ny years.
10 'W hat's C a n a d a like? Is it b eautiful?'
'I d o n't know. I ................................................................ (n o t / b e) there.'
^u t t ^ie v e r k *n t ^ie P rese n t p er f ect o r past.
1 a :
b:
a
a
(y o u / e ver/ b e) to Florida?
(g o) th ere on h o lid ay t w o years ago.
(y o u / h av e) a g o o d tim e?
Yes, i t
(b e) great.
: W h ere's A lan? .............................................................. (y o u /se e) him?
b:
a
went
:
b:
2
t t a y e y m .e y e r been,
Yes, w e
Yes, h e ................................................................ (g o) o u t a fe w m in u tes ago.
: A n d Rachel?
b:
I d o n't know. I .............................................................. (n o t /se e) her.
3 Rose w o rks in a factory. S h e ................................................................ (w o rk) th ere for six m o n ths.
Before th a t s h e
(b e) a w aitress in a restaurant. Sh e
(w o rk) th ere for t w o years, b ut s h e ...................................................
(n o t / e n jo y) it v ery m u ch.
4 a : D o you kn ow Mark's sister?
b: I ........................................................... (see) her a few times, but.I ...........................................................
(never/speak) to her. ........................................................................................ (you /ever/sp eak) to her?
a
: Yes. I
(m e e t) her at a p arty last w e e k. She's ve ry nice.
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 1 9 - 2 3 , 2 9 - 3 1 (p ag es 2 6 0 - 6 2, 2 6 5 - 6 7)
U nit
21
is done was done (passive 1)
T h e o ffice is c l e a n e d every day.
Th e o ffice w as c l e a n e d yesterday.
C o m p are active an d passive:
( a ctive )
So m e b o d y c l e a n s th e o ffice e v ery d a y.
I
"The o ffice
( p assive )
is c l e a n e d e very day.
( a ctive )
So m e b o d y c l e a n e d th e o ffic e yesterday.
( p assive )
T h e o ffice w as c l e a n e d yesterday.
T h e p assive is:
p a st p articiple
presen t sim ple
a m / is / a r e
p a st sim ple
w as / w e r e
cle a n e d
(n o t)
done
in v e n t e d
b u il t
in ju re d
taken
etc.
T h e p ast p articip le o f regular verbs is - e d (cle a n e d / d a m a g e d e tc.).
For a list o f irre g ular p ast p articip les ( d o n e / b u il t / t a k e n e tc.), see A p p e n d ix 2 - 3 .
Bu tter is m a d e fro m m ilk.
O
O
O
O ran g es a r e i m p o r t e d into Britain.
H o w ofte n a r e th ese ro o m s cle a n e d?
I a m n ever i n v i t e d to parties.
O
O
T h is h o use w as b u il t 100 years ago.
O
W h e n w as th e te le p h o n e in v e n t e d?
O
O
W e w e r e n ’t in v i t e d to th e p arty last w e ek.
Th ese h o uses w e r e b u il t 100 ye ars ago.
' W as an y b o d y i n j u r e d in th e accid ent?'
'Yes, t w o p e o p le w e r e t a k e n to hospital.’
w as / w e r e b o r n
O
O
(otnIam b o rn)
I w as b o r n in Berlin in 1993.
'W h ere w e r e yo u b o rn?'
'In Cairo.'
p assive + b y ...
O T h e te le p h o n e w as inve n te d b y A l e x a n d e r B ell in 1876. (= A le xa n d er Bell inve n te d it)
O
O
52
I w as bitten b y a d o g a few days ago.
D o yo u like th ese p aintings? T h e y w ere p ainte d b y a f rie n d o f m in e.
is being do ne / has been d o ne
U nit 22
active and passive ^ A p p e n dix 1
irregular verbs *
U n i t 24, A p p e n d i x 2 - 3
by
U n i t 111
Exercises
ja m
W ri t e se n t e n ces fro m t h ese w or ds. So m e o f t h e se n t e n ces are q u esti o ns.
Se n t e n ces 1 - 7 are prese n t.
1 (t h e o ffic e / cle an / every d ay).............................. .... T h e o j f i c e j e c le a n e d e v e r y d a y , .................
2 (h o w often / th ese ro o ms / cle an?)........................ H ow o f t e n .a re t h e s e .ro o m s c \ e a n e d? .
3 (glass / m ake / fro m sa n d)
G la ss ..................................................................................
4 (t h e w in d o w s / clean / every t w o w e e ks)
.............................................................................................
5 (th is ro o m / n o t / use / v ery m u c h).................. .............................................................................................
6 (w e / allo w / to p ark here?)..................................... .....................................................................................
7 (h o w / this w ord / pro n o u nce?)................................................................................................................
Se n t e n ces 8 - 1 5 are p ast.
8 (t h e o ffic e / clean / yesterd ay)
Th e o f f i c e
T h e h o u s e ............................................................
9 (t h e h o use / p ain t / last m o n t h )
10 (m y p h o n e / steal / a few days ag o)
g n t i
.....................................................................................
11 (thre e p e o ple / injure / in th e ac cid e n t)
.....................................................................................
12 (w h e n / this bridg e / build?)
.....................................................................................
13 (I / n o t / w ak e up / by th e n oise)
.....................................................................................
14 (h o w / th ese w in d o w s / break?)
.....................................................................................
15 (y o u / invite / to Jon's p arty last w e ek?)
.....................................................................................
T h ese se n t e n ces are n o t c o rrect . C o rr e c t t h e m .
1 T h is h o u s e ^ b ^ 100 years ago.............................................................. T h is.h o u sa w as. b u ilt
2 Fo otb all plays in m ost c o u n tries o f th e w orld ..................................................................................
3 W h y did th e le tter sen d to th e wro n g ad dress?.................... ..........................................................
4 A film stu dio is a place w h ere films make................................. ..........................................................
5 W h e re are yo u b orn?........................................................................................................................................
6 H o w m a ny languages are sp e akin g in Switz erlan d?
..........................................................
7 So m e b o d y bro ke in to o ur ho use, b u t n o th in g sto le n.................................................................
8 W h e n w as inve nte d th e bicycle?.................................................... ..........................................................
I T K l Com plete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
- d e ar h
1 The ro o m
damage
f in d
t e .d e a n e d
giv e
in vite
m ake
m ake
sh o w
st e al
take
every day.
2 I saw an accid e n t yesterday. Tw o p e o p le
Wjsre.tak.an
to hospital.
3 P a p e r.............................................................. fro m w o o d .
4 Th ere w as a fire at th e hotel last w e e k. Tw o o f th e r o o m s................................................................
5 'W h ere did yo u get this picture?'
'I t ................................................................ to m e by a frie n d o f mine.'
6 M a n y A m eric a n p ro g ra m m es...............................................................on British TV.
7 'D id Jam es an d Sue go to th e we d din g?'
8 'H o w old is this film?'
'I t
'N o. T h e y ............................................................ , b ut th e y d id n't go.'
in 1985.'
9 M y c a r ............................................................last w e e k, b ut th e n ext d ay i t .....................................................................by
th e p olice.
|I K
| Where were they born?
1 (Ian / Ed in b urg h)
......................................................................................................
2
(Sarah / M a n c h est er)
3
(h er p arents / Irela n d) H e r...............................................................................................................................................................
4
(y o u / ???)
5 (y o u r m o th er / ???)
S a ra h ...........................................................................................................................................................
I ......................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
53
U nit
is being done
j |
has been done (passive 2)
is/are being ... ( present continuous p assive )
i mmmmm
i
So m e b o d y is p aintin g
ii
T h e d o or
th e d o or
is being p ainte d.
.
( a ctive )
( p assive )
I
O
O
M y car is at th e garage. It is being re paire d. (= so m e b o d y is re p airing it)
So m e n e w h o uses are being b uilt o p p osite th e park. (= so m e b o d y is b uildin g t h e m )
C o m p are th e present c o n tin u o us an d prese nt sim ple:
O
T h e o ffice is being cleaned at th e m o m e n t, ( contin uous)
T h e o ffic e is cleane d every day. ( sim ple )
O
F o otb all m a tch es are often played at th e w e e ke n d, b u t no m a tch es are being playe d n ext
w e e ke n d.
For th e present c o n tin u o us an d present sim ple, see U n its 8 an d 25.
has/ have been ... ( present perfect p assive )
before
now
m
So m e b o d y has painte d
Th e d o o r
th e d o o r
has been painte d.
. ( a ctive )
( p assive )
I WET
I mm
i
II
O
O
O
I'm n o t going to th e party. I haven't been invite d. (= n o b o d y has invite d m e)
O
Has this shirt been washed? (= has so m e b o d y w ash e d it?)
M y key has been stolen. ( = so m e b o d y has stolen it)
M y keys have been stolen. ( = so m e b o d y has stolen t h e m )
C o m p are th e prese nt p erfect an d past sim ple:
O
O
Th e ro o m isn't d irty any m ore. It has been cleane d, ( prese n t perfect )
Th e ro o m was cleane d yesterday, ( p a st sim ple )
I can't fin d my keys. I t h in k t h e y'v e been stolen, ( present perfect )
M y keys were stolen last w e e k, ( p a st sim ple )
For th e prese nt p erfect an d past sim ple, see U n it 20.
54
( is d o n e / w as d o n e
U n i t 21
active an d passive
A p p e n dix 1
)
Exercises
f
4
0 ^
| W ha t's h a p p e nin g?
T i 1
r
(2)
a
V ' V j J *11. , . «
r
v _______
~
1 Th e c a r isb e i H3 re p a ire d ,
2 A brid g e..............................................................................
£ |
3 Th e win d o ws.
4 Th e grass.........
j p Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res. W h a t is h a p p e n in g o r w h a t has h a p p e n e d? Use t h e p rese n t c o n t in u o us
(is / a r e b e i n g ...) o r t h e p rese n t p erf e ct (h as / h a v e b e e n ...).
1 (t h e o ffice / cle a n)
2 (t h e shirts / iro n)
Th e o ffic e .is being, cle an e d,................................................................................................................
T h e .s h i r t y
..............................................................................................................
3 (t h e w in d o w / break) T h e w in d o w .............................................................................................................................................
4 (t h e ro o f / re p air) Th e r o o f ...............................................................................................................................................................
5 (t h e car / d a m a g e) .................................................................................................................................................................................
6 (t h e h o uses / k n o ck / d o w n) ..........................................................................................................................................................
7 (t h e tre es / c u t / d o w n) ......................................................................................................................................................................
8 (t h e y / invit e / to a p arty) ..................................................................................................................................................................
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. (St u d y U n i t 21 b e f ore y o u d o t h is e x ercise.)
1 I can't use m y o ffic e at th e m o m e n t. I t
2 W e did n't go to th e party. W e
fe M n g .p .in t e d
w arg n’t inyiTa d
(p a in t).
(n o t / in vit e).
3 Th e w ashin g m ach in e w as bro ken, b ut it's O K now. I t ................................................................................(re p air).
4 T h e w ashin g m a c h in e .............................................................................. (re p air) yesterd ay aftern o o n.
5 A fa c t o ry is a place w h ere t h in g s.............................................................................. (m ak e).
6 H o w old are th ese houses? W h e n ................................................................................(th e y / b u ild)?
7 a : ................................................................................
(t h e p h o to c o p ier / use) at th e m o m e n t?
b:
N
o,
y o u c a n g o a h e a d a n d u s e it.
8 I've n ever seen th ese flo w ers before. W h a t ................................................................................(th e y / ca ll)?
9 M y su n g lasses................................................................................(ste al) at th e b each yesterday.
10 Th e bridge is close d at th e m o m e n t. I t ................................................................................(d a m a g e) last w e e k and
i t ..............................................................................................................(n o t /re p air) yet.
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 2 4 - 2 7 (p ag es 2 6 3 - 6 4)
55
O
I'm n ever i n v i t e d to parties.
O
Bu tter is m a d e fro m m ilk.
O
Th ese o ffic es a r e n 't cle a n e d every day.
O
T h e o ffice w as c l e a n e d yesterday.
O
Th ese h o uses w e r e b u il t 100 years ago.
O
H o w w as th e w in d o w b r o k e n?
O
W h ere w e r e yo u b o r n?
h a v e / h as + p a st participle (cl e a n e d / l o st / e a t e n / b e e n e tc.)
h a v e / h as + p a st p articiple
O
I've c l e a n e d m y ro o m .
( prese n t perfect )
O
To m h as l ost his p assp ort.
—> U n its 1 5 -1 8
O
Kate h asn 't b e e n to C a n a d a.
O
W h ere h a v e Paul an d Em m a g o n e?
d o / d o es / d i d + infinitive (cl e a n / li k e / e a t / g o etc.)
d o / d o es + infinitive
O
I like coffee, b u t I d o n 't li k e tea.
( present sim ple nega tive
O
C hris d o esn 't go o u t very often.
a n d questions)
O
W h a t d o yo u usually d o at w e ekends?
O
D o es Sam liv e alo ne?
O
I d i d n 't w a t c h T V yesterday.
—» U n its 6 - 7
d i d + infinitive
( p a st sim ple negative a nd
O
It d i d n 't r a in last w e ek.
questions)
O
W h a t tim e d i d Paul an d Em m a go out?
- » U n it 12
56
( irregular verbs ^ U n i t 24, A p p e n d i x 2 - 3
)
Exercises
W ri t e is / a re o r d o / d o es.
1
...... ... .. yo u w o rk in th e evenin gs?
2 W h e re
are
3 W hy
6
th e y going?
7 W hat tim e
8
yo u lo okin g at me?
4
Ben live ne ar yo u?
5
yo u like co o kin g?
th e sun shining?
th e sh o ps close?
M aria w orkin g to day?
9 W hat
10
this w ord m ean?
yo u fe elin g all right?
W ri t e a m n o t / isn ' t / a r e n 't o r d o n 't / d o esn 't . A ll t h ese se n t e n ces are n e ga tive.
1 Tom
d o e s n 't
w o rk at w e eke n ds.
2 I'm very tire d. I
w a n t to go o u t this evenin g.
3 I'm very tire d. I ........................................ g oing o u t this evening.
4 G a r y ........................................ w o rkin g this w e e k. He's on holiday.
5 M y p arents are usually at h o m e. T h e y ........................................ go o u t very often.
6 N ic ola has travelle d a lot, b ut s h e
sp e ak any foreign languages.
7 Yo u can turn o ff th e televisio n. I
w a tch in g it.
8 Lisa has invit e d us to her p arty n ext w e e k, b ut w e ........................................ going.
{ £ £ ) W ri t e w as / w e r e / d i d / h a v e / h as.
1 W h e re
we r e
y o ur sh o es mad e?
W h a t tim e .
2 ............................... yo u go o u t last night?
W h e n ...........
th ese ho uses built?
. Steve arrive d yet?
3 W h a t ................................ yo u d o in g at 10.30?
4 W h e r e ................................ y o ur m o t h e r born?
..........................she go?
9 W h y ....................
yo u go h o m e early?
10 H o w l o n g .................................th e y been m arrie d?
5 ...............................Laura go ne ho m e?
| W ri t e is / a r e / w as / w e r e / h a v e / h as.
1 J o e h a s lost his p assp ort.
2 This b rid g e ......................... b uilt ten years ago.
3 .........................yo u finish e d y o ur w o rk yet?
4 This t o w n is always clean. Th e stre e ts.........................cle an e d every day.
5 W h e r e .........................yo u born?
6 I ....................... just m a d e so m e coffee. W o u ld yo u like so m e?
7 G la ss....................... m a d e fro m sand.
8 This is a very o ld p h o to gra p h. I t
taken a long tim e ago.
9 D a v i d ....................... b o u g ht a n e w car.
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. C h o ose fro m t h e b ox an d p u t t h e ver b in t o t h e c o rr e c t f or m.
damage
rain
enjo y
list e n
use
open
-gego
p ro n o u nce
1 I'm going to take an u m brella w ith me. It's
2 W h y are yo u so tire d? Did y o u
QQ
eat
u n d e rst a n d
ra in in g ......
to b e d late last night?
3 W h e re are th e ch oc olates? H ave y o u ................................................ th e m all?
4 H o w is y o ur n e w jo b? A re y o u ................................................ it?
5 M y car w as b a d ly ................................................ in th e accid e n t, b ut I w as O K .
6 Kate has got a car, b ut she d o e sn 't
7 Lisa isn't at h o m e. She h a s
it very often.
aw ay for a few days.
8 I d o n 't ...............................................th e pro ble m. C a n yo u explain it again?
9 M ark is in his ro o m . H e's................................................ to m usic.
10 I d o n't k n o w h o w to say this w ord. H o w is i t ................................................?
11 H o w d o y o u ...............................................this w in d o w? Can yo u sh o w me?
Unit
24
Regular and irregular verbs
Re gular verbs
Th e p a st sim ple an d p a st p a rticiple o f regular verbs is -e d:
clean —> cle a n e d
live —» live d
p aint —> p ain te d stu dy —> stu d ie d
Past sim ple ( —> U n it 11)
I cl e a n e d m y ro o m yesterday.
Chris s t u d i e d en gin e erin g at university.
Past p articiple
h a v e / h as + p a st p articiple (prese n t p erfect —» U nits 15 - 18):
O
I h a v e c l e a n e d m y ro o m .
O
Tin a h as li v e d in Lo n d o n for ten years.
b e (is / a r e / w e r e / h as b e e n e tc.) + p a st p a rticiple (p assiv e —» U n its 2 1 - 2 2):
O
Th ese ro o ms a r e c l e a n e d every day.
O
M y c ar h as b e e n r e p a ir e d .
Irre gular verbs
Th e past sim p le an d past p articip le o f irre gular verbs d o not end in -e d:
m ake
break
cut
p a st sim ple
made
broke
cu t
p a st p articiple
made
bro ken
cu t
So m e tim es th e past sim p le an d past p articip le are th e sa m e. For exa m p le:
p a st sim ple
p a st p articiple
O
O
O
m ake
fin d
b uy
cut
made
found
bought
cut
I m a d e a cake yesterday, ( p a st sim ple )
I h a v e m a d e so m e coffee, ( p a st participle - presen t perfect )
Bu tter is m a d e fro m m ilk, ( p a st participle - p assive presen t )
So m e tim es th e past sim p le an d past p articip le are differe nt. For exa m p le:
p a st sim ple
p a st participle
begin
go
knew
b e g an
went
known
begun
gone
break
know
bro ke
bro ken
O
So m e b o d y b r o k e this w in d o w last night, ( p a st sim ple )
O
So m e b o d y h as b r o k e n this w in d o w , ( p a st participle - presen t perfect )
O
This w in d o w w as b r o k e n last nig ht, ( p a st p a rticiple - p assive p a st )
u — r
1 W
58
( irregular verbs
A p p e n dix 2 - 3
spelling (regular verbs)
A p pe n dix 5
D
Exercises
c m
W ri t e t h e p ast sim p le / p ast p a r t icip le o f t h ese verbs. (T h e p ast si m p le an d p ast p a r t icip le are t h e
sa m e f or all t h e verbs in t his e x ercise.)
2 cut
1 m ake
m a d e .....................
c u t ..........................
3 get
......................................
4
......................................
bring
5 pay
6 e njo y
...................................
11 hear
7 buy
...................................
12 p ut
8 sit
....................................
.....................................
13 catch
14 w a tch
.........................................
15 un d ersta n d
9 leave
......................................
10 ha p p en
W ri t e t h e p ast sim p le a n d p ast p a r t icip le o f t h ese verbs.
broken
brok e
1 break
8 com e
9 know
10 take
11 go
12 give
13 t hro w
14 forget
2 begin
3 eat
4 drin k
5 driv e
6 sp eak
7 writ e
Put t h e verb in t h e rig h t f or m.
1 I
w ash e d
m y han ds b ecause th e y w ere dirty, (w ash)
2 So m e b o d y h a s
bro ke n
this w in d o w , (bre ak)
3 I feel g o o d. I .......................................... very well last nig ht, (sle e p)
4 W e ....................................... a really g o o d film yesterday, (se e)
5 It
a lot w h ile w e w ere on holiday, (ra in)
6 I'v e ....................................... m y bag. H ave y o u
it? (lose / see)
7 Rosa's b icycle w a s ........................................ last w e e k, (ste al)
8 I
9
to bed early b ecause I w as tire d, (g o)
H ave y o u
y o ur w o rk yet? (fin ish)
10 T h e sh o p p in g ce n tre w a s ........................................a b o u t 20 years ago. (b u ild )
11 A n n a ....................................... to drive w h e n sh e w as 18. (le arn)
12 I've n e v e r......................................a horse, (rid e)
13 Jessica is a g o o d frie n d o f m in e. I'v e
her for a long tim e, (k n o w )
14 Yesterd ay I ....................................... a n d .........................................my leg. (fall / h urt)
15
M y b ro th er
in th e Lo n d o n M ara th o n last year. H ave yo u e v e r..................................
in a m ara th o n? (ru n / ru n)
g
g
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. C h o o se fro m t h e b ox an d p u t t h e ver b in t o t h e c o rr e c t f or m.
c o st
d ri v e
fly
m a ke
m eet
sell
sp e a k
sw i m
t e ll
t h in k
wake up
w in
1 I have
flia d e
2
so m e coffee. W o u ld yo u like so m e?
H ave y o u ........................................ Jo hn a b o u t y o ur n e w jo b?
3 W e playe d basketball on Sunday. W e did n't play very well, b ut w e ........................................th e game.
4 I k n o w G ary, b ut I've n e v e r........................................ his wife.
5 W e w e r e ....................................... by lo u d m usic in th e m id d le o f th e night.
6 Ste p hanie ju m p e d into th e river a n d
7 'D id yo u like th e film?'
'Yes, I
8 M a n y d iffere nt languages a r e
9 O u r h o lid a y
to th e o th er side.
it w as very good.'
in th e Philip pin es.
a lo t o f m o n e y b ecause w e staye d in an exp e nsive hotel.
10 H ave yo u e v e r........................................ a very fast car?
11 A ll th e ticke ts for th e c o n c ert w e r e
v ery q uickly.
12 A b ir d .........................................in thro u g h th e o p en w in d o w w h ile w e w ere havin g o ur dinner.
U nit
25
W ha t are you doing t o m orro w?
tod a y is S und a y
Q ’m playing tennis tomorrow. ^
H e is p la y in g te nnis t o m o rr o w .
Th e y a r e p la y in g te nnis (n o w).
W e use a m / is / a re + -in g ( present continuous) for so m e thin g h a p p e nin g n o w:
O
'W h ere are Tin a an d Helen?'
O
Please be q uie t. I'm w o r k in g .
'They're p l a y in g
te nnis in th e park.'
W e also use a m / is / a re + - in g for th e fu t u re (t o m o rro w / n ext w e e k etc.):
O
A n d re w is p l a y in g te nnis to m orro w.
O
I'm n o t w o r k i n g n ext w e e k.
I a m d o in g so m e t h i n g t o m o r r o w = I have arrang e d to d o it, I have a plan to d o it:
O
So p hie is g o in g to th e d e n tist on Friday.
I’m going to a
co ncert tomorrow.
(= sh e has an a p p o in t m e n t w ith th e d e n tist)
O We're h a v in g
a p arty n ext w e e ke n d.
O
A r e yo u m e e t i n g y o ur frie n ds tonig ht?
O
W h a t a r e yo u d o in g t o m o rro w evenin g?
O
I'm n o t g o in g o u t t o nig ht. I'm st a y in g at h o m e.
Yo u can also say T m g o in g t o d o so m e thin g' ( —> U n it 26).
W e use th e prese nt c o n tin u o us (I'm st a y in g / ar e y o u c o m i n g e tc.) to say w h a t so m e b o d y has arrang ed
to do:
O
O
O
I'm st a y in g at h o m e this evenin g. ( not I stay)
A r e yo u g o in g o u t tonig ht? ( not D o yo u go)
Lisa isn't c o m i n g to th e p arty n ext w e e k, ( n o t Lisa d o esn't c o m e)
But w e use th e present sim p le (st a r t, a r r i v es e tc.) for tim e ta b les, pro gra m m es, trains, buses e t c .:
O
Th e train a r r i v es at 7.30.
O
W h a t tim e d o es th e film f in ish?
C o m p are:
presen t continuous (usu ally for p e o ple)
WmmmwA
O
O
60
presen t sim ple (f or tim e ta b les, pro gra m m es etc.)
I'm g o in g to a c o n c e rt to m orro w.
O
T h e c o n c e rt st a r ts at 7.30.
W h a t tim e a r e yo u le a vin g?
O
W h a t tim e d o es y o ur train le av e?
( present c o ntin u o us
U n i ts 3 - 4
present sim ple
U n i ts 5 - 7
Tm g o in g t o .
U n i t 26
Exercises
A N D R EW
1
RICHA R D
R A C HEL
KA REN
S UE A N D TOM
Andrew is................................................ ....
2 R ic h a r d ........................................................ to th e cin e m a.
3 R a c h e l..................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................... lunch w ith W ill.
5 ........................................ .........................................................................................................
W ri t e q u esti o ns. A ll t h e se n t e n ces are f u t ure.
1 (y o u / go / o u t / to nig ht?)
2 (y o u / w o rk / n ext w e e k?)
A re y o u .g o in ^
......................................................................
3 ( w h a t / y o u / d o / t o m o r r o w evenin g?)
......................................................................
4 (w h a t tim e / y o ur frie n ds / c o m e?)
......................................................................
5 (w h e n / Lisa / go / on holid ay?)
......................................................................
| W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t y ourself. W h a t are y o u d o in g in t h e n e x t f e w d ays?
1
I’m s t a y i n .g .a t h o m a t o n i g h t ........................................................................................................................................................
2
1’m . g p j n a t o ^ ........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 .........................................................
.........
4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ............................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................
6
,........................................................................................................................................................................
| Pu t t h e verb in t h e p rese n t c o n t in u o us (h e is le a v in g e tc.) o r p rese n t si m p le (t h e t r a i n le a v es e tc.).
1 '
A ray p u .g p in g ,
2
W e V e j o jn g
(y o u / g o) o u t tonig ht?'
'N o, I'm to o tired.'
(w e / g o) to a c o n c e rt t o n ig h t
I.t s t a r t s
(it /st a rt) at 7.30.
3 D o yo u k n o w a b o u t Sarah? .............................................................................. (sh e / g e t) m arrie d n ext m o nth!
4
a:
M y p a re n ts
b:
O h, that's nice. W h e r e ................................................................................(th ey / g o)?
(g o) on h o lid ay n ext w e e k.
5 Silvia is d o in g an English c o urse at th e m o m e n t. Th e c o u rs e ..............................................................................
(fin ish) on Friday.
6 There's a p arty t o m o rro w night, b u t .............................................................................. (I/ n o t / g o).
7 ................................................................................(I/ g o) o u t w ith so m e frie n ds t o nig ht. W h y d o n't yo u c o m e
to o? ................................................................................(w e / m e e t) at th e Royal H otel at 8 o'clock.
8
a:
Ho
b:
N o , I can go by bus. Th e last b u s .............................................................................. (le ave) at m id nig h t.
9
a:
.............................................................................. (y o u / c o m e) w ith us to th e cin e m a tonight?
b:
Yes, w h a t t i m e ................................................................................(t h e film / begin)?
10
a
w
(y o u / g e t) h o m e after th e p arty t o m orro w? By taxi?
: W h a t ................................................................................(y o u / d o ) t o m o rro w aftern o o n?
b:
.............................................................................. (I/ w o rk).
I' m g o i n g t o d o s o m e t h in g
Q m going to watch TV t h is evening
m orning
this evening
Sh e is g o in g t o w a t c h T V this evenin g.
W e use a m / is / a re g o in g t o ... for th e fu tu re:
1
h e /sh e /it
w e /yo u /they
am
am
is
d o ...
(n o t) g o in g t o
a re
1
is
are
d r i n k ...
w a tch ...
b u y ... ?
h e /sh e /it
g o in g t o
e a t ... ?
w e /yo u /they
w e a r ... ?
I a m g o in g t o d o so m e t h i n g = I have d ecid e d to d o it, m y in te n tio n is to d o it:
I d ecid e d to d o i t ------------------
I'm g o in g t o d o it
p a st
now
O
I'm g o in g t o b u y so m e b o o ks t o m orro w.
O
Sarah is g o in g t o sell her car.
O
O
I'm n o t g o in g t o h a v e bre akfast this m ornin g. I'm n o t hungry.
W h a t a r e yo u g o in g t o w e a r to th e w e d d in g n ext we ek?
'Yo ur hands are dirty.'
O
W e also
fu tu re
'Yes, I kn ow. I'm g o in g t o w ash the m.'
A r e yo u g o in g t o in v i t e M ark to y o ur party?
use th e present c o n tin u o us (I a m d o in g ) for th e fu ture, usually for arran g e m e nts (—> U n it 25):
I a m p l a y in g te nnis w ith Julia to m orro w.
So m e thin g is g o in g t o h a p p e n
So m e thin g is g o in g t o h a p p e n = w e can see now
t h a t it is sure to ha p p en:
O
Lo o k at th e sky! It's g o in g t o rain.
(b la ck clo u ds n ow —> rain)
O
O h dear! It's 9 o'clo ck an d I'm n o t ready.
I'm g o in g t o b e late.
(9 o'clo ck now an d n o t ready —» late)
( present for the future
4 U n i t 25
w ill
U n i ts 2 7 - 2 8
D
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use g o in g t o + t h ese verbs:
do
eat
gi ve
1 M y hands are dirty.
2 W hat
lie d o w n
st a y
iM.goi.ng_ t o w a s h
a m y o u .g o in a t o w e a r
w alk
w ash
w atch
w ear
th e m .
to th e p arty tonig ht?
3 Its a nice day. I d o n't w a n t to take th e bus. I ...........................................................
4 Steve is going to Lo n d o n n ext w e ek. H e .....................................................................
w ith so m e friends.
5 I'm hungry. I ................................................................................this sa n d w ich.
6 Its Sarah's b irth d ay n ext w e e k. W e ................................................................................ her a present.
7 Sue says she's feelin g very tire d. S h e ................................................................................for an hour.
8 Yo ur favo urite pro gra m m e is on T V t o n ig h t............................. y o u ..........................................................
it?
9 W h a t ............................. R a c h e l................................................................................. w h e n she leaves sch o o l?
Lo o k a t t h e pict ures. W h a t is g oin g t o h a p p e n?
••M
^
m
©
Q
©
u *
1
H H
i
/
l
7
1
«
| t ,5..g o in g .t p .rain,
2 T h e s h e lf......................
3 T h e c a r ..........................
4 H e ....................................
W h a t are y o u g oin g t o d o t o d a y o r t o m o rr o w ? W ri t e t h re e se n t e nces.
1 I'm .....................................................................................................................................................
3
U nit
27
will /shall 1
Sarah goes to w o rk every day. She is always
th ere fro m 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o'clo ck no w. Sarah is at w ork.
A t 11 o'clo ck yesterday, sh e w as at w o rk.
A t 11 o'clo ck t o m orro w, she w ill b e at w ork.
SARA H
w ill + infinitive (w ill b e / w ill w in / w ill c o m e etc.):
be
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
b e?
w ill ('II)
w in
w ill n o t ( w o n't)
eat
w ill
co m e
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
etc.
w in?
e a t?
c o m e? etc.
I I = w ill: 111 (I w i l l) / y o u ' l l / s h e l l etc.
w o n 't = w ill n o t: I w o n 't (= I will n o t) / yo u w o n 't / sh e w o n 't etc.
W e use w ill for t h e fu t u re (t o m o rro w / n ext w e e k e tc.):
O
Sue travels a lot. To d ay she is in M a drid . T o m o rro w sh e'll b e in Ro m e. N e xt w e e k sh e'll be
O
O
Yo u can call m e this evenin g. I'll b e at h o m e.
in To kyo.
Leave th e o ld bread in th e garden. Th e birds w ill e a t it.
O
W e 'll pro b a b ly go o u t this evenin g.
O
W ill yo u b e at h o m e this evenin g?
o
I w o n ' t b e here to m orro w . (= I will n o t be here)
O
D o n't drin k coffee b efore yo u go to bed. Yo u w o n ' t sle e p .
W e often say I t h i n k ... w i l l ...
O
O
O
I t h i n k Kelly w ill p ass th e exa m .
I d o n ' t t h i n k it w ill r a in this aftern o o n.
D o y o u t h i n k th e exam w ill b e difficult?
W e d o not use w ill for thin gs w e have already arrang e d or d ecid e d to d o (—»U n its 2 5 - 2 6):
O
O
O
W e're g o in g to th e cin e m a on Saturd ay. D o yo u w a n t to c o m e w ith us? ( not W e will g o)
I'm n o t w o r k i n g to m orro w. ( not I w o n't w o rk)
A r e yo u g o in g t o d o th e exa m? ( not W ill yo u d o)
sh a ll
Yo u can say I sh a ll (= I w ill) an d w e sh a ll (= w e w ill):
O
O
I sh a ll b e late t o m orro w,
I t h in k w e sh a ll w in .
or
or
I w ill (I'll) b e late t o m orro w.
I t h in k w e w ill (w e'll) w in
But do not use sh a ll w ith y o u / t h e y / h e / sh e / i t:
O
64
T o m w ill be late. ( n ot To m shall b e)
( W h a t ar e y o u d o in g t o m o rr o w ? -» U n i t 25
I'm g oin g t o ... ^ U n i t 26
w ill / sh all 2 ^ U n i t 28
Exercises
H ele n is travellin g in Eu ro p e. C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h sh e w as, she's o r sh e 'll be.
1
Y est e rd a y..sh e w a s .......jn Paris.
2
T o m o rr o w ....................................... in A m st erd a m .
4
A MSTERD A M
(t o m orro w)
LO N D O N
(ne x t w ee k)
3 Last w e e k ........................................ in Barcelona.
N ext w e e k ....................................... in Lo n d o n.
• BRUSSELS (no w)
PARIS (yest erd ay)
5 A t th e m o m e n t ........................................ in Brussels.
M U N IC H
(3 d a ys ag o)
6 Thre e days a g o .......................................in M u n ic h .
7 A t th e e n d o f her t r i p ........................................ very tire d.
B A RCEL O N A *
(last w ee k)
H ele n
| W h e re w ill y o u be? W rit e se n t e n c es a b o u t y o urse lf. Use:
I'll b e . ..
or
I'll p r o b a b ly b e . . .
or
I d o n 't k n o w w h e r e I'll b e.
1 (a t 10 o'clo ck t o m o rro w )
llLpC Q bably.be on t h e .b e a c h ,......................................................................................
2 (o n e h o ur fro m n o w ) .....................................................................................................................................................................
3 (a t m id nig h t t o n ig h t) ............................................................................................................. ,.......................................................
4 (a t 3 o'clo ck t o m o rro w aftern o o n) .........................................................................................................................................
5 (t w o years fro m n o w ) .....................................................................................................................................................................
f g
)
Pu t in w ill ('II) o r w o n 't.
1
D o n't d rin k coffe e b efore yo u go to bed. Y o u
2
A re yo u ready yet?'
w on’t
sleep.
'N o t yet. I ..................................... be re ady in five minutes.'
3
I'm going aw ay for a fe w days. I'm leaving t o nig ht, so I
4
I t .....................................rain, so yo u d o n't ne e d to take an u m brella.
5
a
be at h o m e to m orro w.
: I d o n't feel v ery well this evenin g.
b:
W ell, go to b ed early an d y o u ........................................ feel b e tter in th e m ornin g.
6 It's Ben's b irth d ay n ext M o n d ay. H e ....................................... be 25.
7 I'm sorry I w as late this m ornin g. I t
ha p p en again.
W rit e se n t e n c es w it h I t h i n k . .. o r I d o n 't t h i n k . . . .
1 (K e lly will pass th e e xa m )
(t h in k K e lly.w lll.p as........................... ........................................................................
2 (K e lly w o n't pass th e exa m )
!.d o n’t t h in k K e lly wil| p a s s t h e
3 (w e'll w in th e g a m e)
exam,...........................................................
I ...................................................................................................................................................
4 (I w o n't be here t o m o rro w )
.............................................................................. ......................................................
5 (Su e will like her prese nt)
....................................................................................................................................
6 (t h e y w o n't get m arrie d)
....................................................................................................................................
7 (y o u w o n't e njo y th e film )
....................................................................................................................................
W h ic h is righ t? (St u d y U n i t 25 b e f ore y o u d o t h is e x ercise.)
(W e're going is right )
1
W e'll go / W e're going to th e th e atre to nig h t. W e've g ot tickets.
2
'W h a t will yo u d o / are yo u d o in g t o m o rro w evening?'
3
Th e y'll go / Th e y're going aw ay t o m o rro w m ornin g. T h e ir train is at 8.40.
'N o thin g. I'm free.'
4
I'm sure y o ur a u n t will lend / is le nding us so m e m o n ey. She's very rich.
5
'W h y are yo u p u ttin g on y o ur coat?'
6
D o yo u t h in k Clare will p h o n e / is p h o nin g us tonig ht?
7
Steve can't m e e t us on Saturd ay. He'll w o rk / He's w o rkin g .
8
W ill yo u / Shall yo u be at h o m e t o m o rro w eve nin g?
9
a
'I'll go / I'm going out.'
: W h a t are y o ur plans for th e w e eke n d?
b: So m e frie n ds will c o m e / are c o m in g to stay w ith us.
65
Unit
28
w ill / sh all 2
Yo u can use
I'll... (I will) w h e n
yo u offer so m e thin g or d ecid e to d o so m e thin g:
G
'M y bag is ve ry heavy.'
O
T i l p h o n e yo u t o m orro w , O K?'
W e ofte n say I t h i n k
T i l c a r r y it for you.'
'O K, bye.'
111... 1 1d o n 't t h i n k 111... w h e n w e d ecid e to d o so m e thin g:
O
I'm tire d. I t h i n k I'll go to bed early t o nig ht.
O
It's a nic e day. I t h i n k I'll si t o utsid e.
Q
It's rainin g. I d o n 't t h i n k I'll g o o ut.
D o not use th e present sim p le (I g o / 1 p h o n e e tc.) in se nte nces like these:
Q
O
I'll p h o n e yo u to m orro w, O K? ( not I p h o n e y o u)
I t h in k I'll go to b e d early, ( n o t I go to b e d)
D o not use I ' l l ... for so m e thin g yo u d e cid e d before ( - » U n its 2 5 - 2 6):
O
I'm w o r k i n g t o m orro w. ( not I'll w o rk)
O
I d o n't w a n t m y car any m ore. I'm g o in g t o sell it. ( not I'll sell)
O
W h a t a r e yo u d o i n g at th e w e eke n d? ( n ot W h a t will yo u d o)
Sh a ll I ... ? Sh a ll w e ... ?
(Th
Shall
— a t's the doorbell.
—
^ I go? J
Sh a ll I / Sh a ll w e ... ? = D o yo u chink this is a g o o d thin g to do? D o yo u t h in k this is a g o o d idea?
O
It’s v ery w arm in this ro o m . Sh a ll I o p e n th e w in d o w?
'Sha ll I p h o n e yo u this evenin g?’
o
o
66
'Yes, please.’
I’m going to a p arty to nig ht. W h a t sh a ll I w e a r?
It's a nic e day. Sh a ll w e g o for a walk?
o
W h e re sh a ll w e g o for o ur h olid ays this year?
o
'Let's go o u t this evening.'
W ha t are you doing t o m orro w?
Le t’s - U nits 3 5,5 3
'O K, w h a t tim e sh a ll w e m e e t?’
U n i t 25
I’m g o in g t o . ^ U n i t 26
w ill / sh all 1 ^ U n i t 27
Exercises
o
n
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use I'll (I w ill) + t h ese ver bs:
carry
do
eat
sh o w
si t
st a y
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use I t h i n k I ' l l ... o r I d o n ’t t h i n k I ' l l ... + t h ese verbs:
buy
1
buy
-go-
have
play
It’s c o ld t o d a y ...Id o n’t t h i n k J IL g p ..........................................................................................................................................o u t.
2 I'm hun gry. I .........................................................................................................................................................so m e thin g to eat.
3
I feel very tire d .............................................................................................................................................................................. te nnis.
4
I like this h a t.................................. ................................................................................ .........................................................................it.
5
This ca m era is t o o exp e nsive......................................................................................................................................................... it.
W h ic h is right?
1
I p h o n e / I'll p h o n e yo u t o m orro w , O K?
(I'll p h o n e
2
I haven't d o n e th e sh o p p in g yet. I d o / I'll d o it later.
3
I like sp o rt. I w a tch / I'll w a tch a lo t o f sp o rt o n TV.
right )
4
I ne e d so m e exercise. I t h in k I go / I'll go for a w alk.
5
C arl is going to b uy / w ill buy a n e w car. H e to ld m e last w e e k.
6
'This b o o k b elo ngs to Tina.'
7
a: A re yo u d o in g / W ill yo u d o anythin g this evenin g?
'O K. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
8
I can't go o u t w ith yo u t o m o rro w nig ht. I w o rk / I'm w orkin g / I'll w o rk .
b: Yes, I'm going / I’ll go o u t w ith so m e friends.
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h Sh a ll I .
? C h o o se fro m t h e t w o bo xes.
make
turn off
so m e sa n d w ic h e s
the T V
t >pe n
turn on
t h e li g h t
th e w indow
It's v ery w arm in this ro o m .
..Sh a jJJ o pan
This pro gra m m e isn't very g o o d.
I'm hungry.
It's d ark in this ro o m.
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h Sh a ll w e ... ? C h o o se fro m t h e t w o bo xes.
Let's go o u t to nig ht.
Let's have a holiday.
Let's sp e n d so m e m o ney.
Let's have a party.
A d d i t i o n a l e x ercises 2 8 - 3 1 (pages 2 6 4 - 6 7)
SL
U nit
29
W MUk m
might
H e m i g h t go to N e w York.
It m i g h t rain.
( = it is p ossible th a t he will go to N e w Yo rk)
(= it is p ossible th a t it will rain)
m i g h t + infinitive ( m i g h t go / m i g h t b e / m i g h t r a i n e tc.):
be
l / w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
m i g h t (n o t)
go
p la y
co m e
etc.
I m i g h t = it is p ossible th a t I will:
I m i g h t g o to th e cin e m a this evening, b ut I'm n o t sure. (= it is p ossible th a t I will go)
O
a : W h e n is Re b ecca g oing to p h o n e you?
O
Take an u m brella w ith yo u. It m i g h t rain.
b: I d o n't know. She m i g h t p h o n e this aftern o o n.
o
o
Buy a lo ttery tick e t. Yo u m i g h t b e lucky. (= p erha ps yo u will be lu cky)
a : A re yo u going o u t tonig ht?
b: I m ig h t.
(= I m ig h t go o u t)
Stu d y th e differe nce:
O
I'm p la y in g te n nis t o m orro w , (sure )
I m i g h t p la y te nnis to m orro w, ( possible )
O
Re b ecca is g o in g t o p h o n e later, (sure )
Re b ecca m i g h t p h o n e later, ( possible )
I m i g h t n o t = it is p ossible th a t I will n o t:
O
I m i g h t n o t go to w o rk to m orro w .
( = it is p ossible th a t I will n o t go)
O
Su e m i g h t n o t c o m e to th e party.
( = it is p ossible th a t she will n o t c o m e)
m ay
Yo u can use m a y in th e sa m e way. I m a y = I m ig h t:
O
I m a y go to th e cin e m a this evenin g. (= I m ig ht go)
O
Sue m a y n o t c o m e to th e p arty. (= Sue m ig ht n o t c o m e)
M a y I ... ? = Is it O K to ... ? / C a n I ... ?:
68
( w ill
O
M a y I ask a q u estio n? (= is it O K to ask / can I ask?)
O
' M a y I sit here?'
U n i ts 2 7 - 2 8
'Yes, o f course.'
ca n -
U n i t 30
Exercises
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h m ig h t.
L m i a h t . g o . & t h a c in a m a ,.
1 (it's p ossible th a t I'll go to th e cin e m a)
2 (it's p ossible th a t I'll see yo u t o m o rro w )
3 (it's p ossible th a t Sarah will forget to p h o n e)
4 (it's p ossible th a t it will sn o w to d ay)
5 (it's p ossible th a t I'll be late t o nig h t)
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h m i g h t n o t.
6 (it's p ossible th a t M ark will n o t be here n ext w e e k)
7 (it's p ossible th a t I w o n't have tim e to go o u t) .........
So m e b o d y is askin g y o u a b o u t y o u r plans. Yo u have so m e ideas, b u t y o u are n o t sure. C h o ose
fro m t h e list an d w ri t e se n t e n ces w it h I m ig h t.
fish
go a w a y
4taJy^
M onday
a new car
taxi
Yo u ask Ben q u esti o ns a b o u t his plans f or t o m o rr o w . So m e t i m es he is sure, b u t usu ally he is n o t
sure.
A re yo u playing te nnis t o m orro w?
Yes, in th e aftern o o n,
A re yo u going o u t t o m o rro w eve nin g?
Possibly.
A re yo u g oing to get up early?
Perhaps.
A re yo u w orkin g t o m orro w?
W ill yo u be at h o m e t o m o rro w m ornin g?
A re yo u going to w a tch T V ?
A re yo u going o u t in th e aftern o o n?
A re yo u going sh o p pin g?
N o, I'm n o t.
M ayb e.
I mig ht.
Yes, I am.
Perha ps.
N o w w ri t e a b o u t Ben. Use m i g h t w h ere n ecessary.
...H.is’s.playing. tennis, tpmprrpw.afternppn,
..H6.mia.ht..gg outtpm prrpweyan
..........
H e,
| vVrit e t h re e t h in gs t h a t y o u m i g h t d o t o m o rr o w .
3
Ben
U nit
30
can and co uld
I can play
H e ca n p l a y th e piano,
c a n + infinitive (ca n d o / c a n p la y / c a n c o m e e t c ):
do
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
ca n
p la y
ca n ' t (c a n n o t )
se e
co m e
d o?
rCdl
a n1
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
etc.
p la y?
se e?
c o m e? etc.
I c a n d o so m e thin g = I know how to d o it, or it is possible for m e to d o it:
O
I c a n p la y th e piano. M y bro th er c a n p la y th e piano to o.
O
Sarah c a n s p e a k Italian, b ut sh e c a n 't s p e a k Sp anish.
a: C a n yo u sw im ?
O
b:
Yes, b ut I'm n o t a very g o o d swim m er.
O
a: C a n yo u c h a n g e t w e n ty p o un ds?
O
I'm havin g a p arty n ext w e ek, b ut Paul an d Rachel c a n 't c o m e .
b:
I'm sorry, I c a n 't.
For th e past (yesterd ay / last w e e k e tc.), w e use c o u l d / c o u l d n 't:
O
W h e n I w as yo un g, I c o u l d ru n very fast.
O
Before M aria ca m e to Britain, she c o u l d n 't u n d e rs t a n d m u ch English. N o w she c a n
O
I w as tire d last night, b ut I c o u l d n 't sle e p .
O
I had a p arty last w e e k, b ut Paul an d Rachel c o u l d n 't c o m e .
u n d e rs t a n d everythin g.
C a n y o u ... ? C o u l d y o u ... ? C a n I ... ? C o u l d I ... ?
W e use C a n y o u ... ? or C o u l d y o u ... ? w h e n w e ask p e o ple to d o things:
O
C a n y o u o p en th e do or, please? or C o u l d y o u o p en th e do or, please?
O
C a n y o u w ait a m o m e n t, please? or C o u l d y o u w a i t ... ?
W e use C a n I h a v e ... ? or C a n I g e t ... ? to ask for so m e thin g:
O
Can I
70
C a n I h a v e a glass o f water, please? or C a n I g e t . . . ?
? or C o u l d I ... ? = is it O K to d o so m ethin g?:
O
C a n I sit here?
O
To m, c o u l d I b o rro w y o ur um brella?
( M a y I ... ? - » U n i t 29
Exercises
^ j Q Q | A sk St eve if he can d o t h ese t hin gs:
St eve
Ca n y o u sw i m ?
10 kilom etres
C a n y o u d o t h ese t h in gs? W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t y ourself. Use I c a n o r I c a n ' t
7 1.....................................................................................................
31 C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces.
co m e
f in d
hear
Use c a n o r c a n ' t + o n e o f t h ese ver bs:
se e
sp e a k
can t co m e
1 I'm sorry, b ut w e
10 ..........................................................
to y o ur p arty n ext Saturday.
2 I like this hotel ro o m . Y o u ................................................................th e m o u n ta ins fro m th e w in d o w .
3 Yo u are sp eakin g very quietly. I ................................................................yo u.
4 H ave yo u seen m y bag? I ................................................................ it.
5 C a th erin e g ot th e jo b b ecause s h e ................................................................ five languages.
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. Use c a n ' t or c o u l d n ' t + o n e o f t h ese verbs:
d e ci d e
eat
1 I w as tire d, b ut I
f in d
go
go
sle e p
Q O u \ d n te \ e ep
2 I w asn't h u n gry yesterday. I ................................................................................ m y dinner.
3 Kate d o esn't k n o w w h a t to do. S h e ................................................................................
4 I w a n te d to sp eak to M ark yesterday, b ut I ................................................................................ him .
5 Ja m e s.............................................................................. to th e c o n c ert n ext Saturday. H e has to w ork.
6 P a u la .............................................................................. to th e m e etin g last w e e k. She w as ill.
W h a t d o y o u say in t h ese sit u a ti o ns? Use c a n o r c o u l d .
\
CD (o p e n / d o o r)
Cp uldyp u o pan
. t h e d o o r,p \ e a e e Z
) (t urn o ff / ra d io )
©
(use / p e n)
U nit
31
m ust
mustn't
don't need to
m u st + infinitive ( m u st d o / m u st w o r k e tc.):
do
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
It’s a fa n t a stic film.
You m ust see it.
h e /sh e /it
m u st
go
se e
eat
. ; ............. . . . .
etc.
. . . . . . . . . ..
I m u st (d o so m e thin g) = I ne e d to d o it:
O
O
O
I'm very hungry. I m u st e a t so m e thin g.
It's a fa n tastic film. Yo u m u st se e it.
T h e w in d o w s are v ery dirty. W e m u st cl e a n th e m .
For th e past (yesterd ay / last w e e k e tc.), w e use h a d t o ... ( n ot m ust):
O
I w as very hun gry. I h a d t o e a t so m e thin g.( n ot I
O
W e h a d t o w a l k h o m e last nig ht. Th ere w ere no buses.
m ust e at)
m u st n ' t (= m ust n o t)
I m u st n ' t (d o so m e thin g) = it is n ecessary not to d o it,
it is th e wro n g thin g to do:
O
I m u st go. I m u st n ' t b e late.
O
I m u st n ' t f o r g e t to p h o n e C hris.
O
O
( = I m u st r e m e m b e r to p h o n e her)
Be happy! Yo u m u st n ' t b e sad. (= d o n't be sa d)
Yo u m u st n ' t t o u c h th e pictures.
(= d o n't t o u ch th e p ictures)
d o n 't n e e d t o
I d o n 't n e e d (to d o so m e thin g) = it is n o t necessary:
O
I d o n 't n e e d t o go yet. I can stay a little longer.
O
Yo u d o n 't n e e d t o sh o u t. I can he ar yo u O K .
Yo u can also say d o n 't h a v e t o ...
O
I d o n 't h a v e t o go yet. I can stay a little longer.
C o m p are d o n 't n e e d t o an d m ust n't:
72
O
Yo u d o n ' t n e e d t o go. Yo u can stay here if yo u w a n t.
O
Yo u m u st n ' t go. Yo u m ust stay here.
( I have t o ...
U n i t 33
( n ot W e m ust w alk)
You m ustn’t touch
th e pictures.
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use m u st + t h ese verbs:
be
go
le a r n
1 I'm v ery hun gry. I
m eet
m u st e a t
w in
w ash
so m e thin g.
2 M arilyn is a very interestin g p erso n. Y o u ....................................................
. her.
3 M y hands are dirty. I ................................................................ th e m .
4 You
to drive. It will be very useful.
5 I
sh o p p in g. I ne e d to b uy so m e fo o d.
6 Th e ga m e t o m o rro w is v ery im p o rt a n t for us. W e ................................................................
7 Yo u can't always have thin gs im m e dia tely. Y o u ................................................................ p atie nt.
S
B
W ri t e I m u st o r I h a d t o.
1
1ha d t o
w alk h o m e last night. Th ere w ere no buses.
2 It's late............................................. go no w.
3 I d o n't usually w o rk on Saturd ays, b ut last Sa t u rd a y.......................................w ork.
4 ........................................ get up early t o m orro w. I have a lo t to do.
5 I ca m e here by train. Th e train w as full a n d .......................................stan d all th e way.
6 I w as nearly late for m y a p p o in t m e n t this m o rn in g .........................................run to get th ere on tim e.
7 I forg ot to p h o n e D avid yesterday. .........................................p h o n e him later to day.
Complete the sentences. Use m ustn't or d on't need to + these verbs:
forget
1 I
^ o-
lose
d o n ’t n e e d t o g o ,
phone
rush
w ait
h o m e yet. I can stay a little longer.
2 W e have a lo t o f tim e. W e ................................................................................
3 Keep th ese pa p ers in a safe place. Y o u ................................................................................th e m .
4 I'm n o t re ady yet, b ut y o u ..............................................................................for me. Yo u can go n o w an d I'll
c o m e later.
5 W e ................................................................................to turn o ff th e lights b efore w e leave.
6 I m ust c o n t a c t David, b ut I .............................................................................. him - I can sen d him an email.
Fin d t h e se n t e n ces w it h t h e sa m e m ean in g.
1 W e can leave the m eeting early.
A W e m ust stay until the end.
2 W e m ust leave the m eeting early.
B W e could n't stay until the end.
3 W e m ustn't leave the m eeting early.
C W e can't stay until the end.
4 W e had to leave the m eeting early.
D W e can stay until th e end.
5 W e d on't ne ed to leave the m eeting early.
E W e do n't need to stay until the end.
W ri t e m u st / m u st n ' t / h a d t o / d o n ' t n e e d t o.
d o n ’t n eed t o
1
You
2
It's a fa n tastic film. Y o u
go. Yo u can stay here if yo u w a n t.
JT .u st....see it.
3 Th e restauran t w o n't be busy t o nig ht. W e ........................................................ reserve a table.
4
I w as very b usy last w e e k. I .......................................................w o rk
every evening.
5 I w a n t to k n o w w h a t ha p p en e d. Y o u ........................................................ tell me.
6 I d o n't w a n t Sue to k n o w w h a t ha p p en e d. Y o u ........................................................ tell her.
7 I ...................................................... go n o w or I'll be late for m y a p p o in t m e n t.
8
'W h y w ere yo u so late?'
' I ....................................................... w ait h alf an h o ur for a bus.'
9 W e ........................................................ d ecid e now. W e can d ecid e later.
10 It's Lisa's b irth d ay n ext w e e k. I
forget to b uy her a present.
U nit
32
should
r You shouldn’t watch TV so much, j
sh o u l d + infinitive
(sh o u l d d o / sh o u l d w a t c h etc.):
do
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
sh o u l d
h e /sh e /it
sh o u l d n ' t
st o p
go
w atch
Yo u sh o u l d d o so m e thin g = it is a g o o d thin g to do, it is th e rig ht thin g to do:
To m d o esn't stu d y e no ug h. H e sh o u l d st u d y harder.
It's a g o o d film. Yo u sh o u l d go an d see it.
W h e n yo u play tennis, yo u sh o u l d always w a t c h th e ball.
Yo u sh o u l d n ' t d o so m e thin g = it is n o t a g o o d thin g to do.
S h o u l d n ' t = sh o uld not:
To m sh o u l d n ' t go to bed so late.
Yo u w a tch T V all th e tim e. Yo u sh o u l d n ' t w a t c h T V so m u ch.
W e often say I t h i n k ... sh o u l d
I t h i n k ... sh o u l d ...
(D o you think I should buy t h is h at?
I t h i n k Lisa sh o u l d b u y so m e n e w clo th es.
(= I t h in k it is a g o o d idea.)
It's late. I t h i n k I sh o u l d go h o m e now.
O
a
: Shall I b u y this coat?
b.
Yes, I t h i n k y o u sh o u ld .
I d o n 't t h i n k ... sh o u l d ...
O
I d o n 't t h i n k yo u sh o u l d w o r k so hard.
(= I d o n't t h in k it is a g o o d id ea.)
I d o n 't t h i n k w e sh o u l d go yet. It's to o early.
D o y o u t h i n k ... sh o u l d ... ?:
O
D o y o u t h i n k I sh o u l d b u y this hat?
O
W h a t tim e d o y o u t h i n k w e sh o u l d go ho m e?
M u st is stron g er than sh o u ld :
It's a g o o d film. Yo u sh o u l d go an d see it.
O
It's a f a n t ast ic film. Yo u m u st go an d see it.
A n o t h e r w ay to say sh o u l d is o u g h t to:
O
It’s a g o o d film. Yo u o u g h t t o go an d see it. (= yo u sh o uld go)
I t h in k Lisa o u g h t t o b u y so m e n e w clo th es. (= Lisa sh o uld b uy)
( sh all ^ U n i ts 2 7 - 2 8
m ust ^ U n i t 31
etc.
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use y o u sh o u l d + t h ese verbs:
eat
go
take
v isi t
w atch
w ear
1 W h e n yo u play t e n n is, y o u sh o u ld w a t c h
th e ball.
2 It's late an d yo u're v ery tire d...................................................................................................to bed.
3 .............................................................................................. p le n ty o f fruit an d ve g etables.
4 If yo u have t i m e ,...........................................................................................th e Scie nce M use u m . It's very interesting.
5 W h e n yo u're d riv in g ,............................................................................................... a seat belt.
6 It's to o far to w alk fro m here to th e sta tio n..................................................................................
a taxi.
W ri t e a b o u t t h e p e o p le in t h e p ict u res. Use H e / Sh e s h o u l d n ' t ... so . . . .
1
She shouldn’t wat^h W s o much......................
2 H e ....................................................................................................
3
hard
4..........................................................................................................
Yo u are n o t sure w h a t t o do, so y o u ask a frie n d. W ri t e q u est io ns w it h D o y o u t h i n k I sh o u l d ... ?
1 Yo u are in a sho p. Yo u are tryin g on a jack e t, (b uy?)
Yo u ask y o ur frie n d:
P.p.you. t h in k J. sh o u ld b.uy.thie
.................................................................................
2 Yo u can't drive, (le arn?)
Yo u ask y o ur friend:
D o yo u t h i n k ...............................................................................................................................................
3 Yo u d o n't like y o ur jo b. (g et a n o th er jo b?)
Yo u ask y o ur frie n d: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
4 Yo u are going to have a party, (in vit e G ary?)
Yo u ask y o ur friend: ...............................................................................................................................................................................
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h I t h i n k ... sh o u l d ... a n d I d o n ' t t h i n k ... sh o u l d . . . .
1 W e have to get up early t o m orro w , (go h o m e n o w )
2 Th a t c o a t is to o big for yo u. (b u y it)
!..t.h|nk w e sh o u ld q o hom e now, .........................
i. d o n ’t t h [n k y o u .sh o u ld
.............................................................
3 Yo u d o n't nee d y o ur car. (sell i t ) ...................................................................................................................................................
4 Kare n nee ds a rest, (h ave a h o li d a y)............................................................................................................................................
5 Sarah an d Dan are to o yo un g, (g et m a rrie d ).........................................................................................................................
6 Yo u're n o t well this m ornin g, (go to w o r k )............................................................................................................................
7 Jam es isn't well to day, (go to th e d o c t o r)................................................................................................................................
8 Th e hotel is to o exp e nsive for us. (stay t h e r e )......................................................................................................................
W h a t d o y o u t h in k? W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h s h o u l d
1 11hink e v e r y b o d y s h o u l d .......................................................................................
2 I t h in k e v e ry b o d y ......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 I t h i n k ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 I d o n't t h i n k ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I t h in k I s h o u l d ............................................................................................................................................................................................
U nit
33
I have to
Thi5 is my medicine. I have
t o t a k e it th re e tim es a day.
I h a v e t o d o so m e thin g = it is necessary
for m e to d o it, I am o blig e d to d o it
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
O
I'll be late for w o rk t o m orro w . I h a v e t o go to th e d e ntist.
O
Jane starts w o rk at 7 o'clock, so sh e h as t o g e t up at 6.
O
Yo u h a v e t o p ass a test before yo u can get a drivin g licence.
ha v e
h as
to do
to w ork
t o go
t o w e a r etc.
T h e p ast (yesterd ay / last w e e k e tc.) is h a d t o ...
O I was late for w o rk yesterday. I h a d t o go to th e d e ntist.
O W e h a d t o w a l k h o m e last night. Th ere w ere no buses.
In q u estio ns an d ne gatives w e use d o / d o es (p rese n t) an d d i d (p ast): ^
presen t
do
d o es
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
he /sh e /it
h a v e t o ... ?
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
d o n 't
d o esn 't
have to
p a st
did
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
have to ... ?
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
d i d n 't h a v e t o ...
O
W h a t tim e d o yo u h a v e t o go to th e d e n tist t o m orro w?
O
D o es ja n e h a v e t o w o r k on Sundays?
O
W h y d i d th e y h a v e t o le a ve th e p arty early?
I d o n 't h a v e t o (d o so m e thin g) = it is n o t n ecessary to d o it:
O
I'm n o t w orkin g t o m orro w, so I d o n 't h a v e t o g e t up early.
O
Ian d o esn 't h a v e t o w o r k very hard. He's g ot an easy jo b.
O
W e d i d n 't h a v e t o w a i t very long for th e bus - it ca m e in a fe w m inutes.
m u st an d h a v e t o
Yo u can use m u st or h a v e t o w h e n yo u say w h a t you t h in k is necessary, w h e n yo u give yo u r o p inio n:
O
It's a fa n tastic film. Yo u m u st see it. or Yo u h a v e t o see it.
W h e n yo u are n ot giving y o ur p ersonal o p inio n, use h a v e t o ( not m ust ). C o m p are:
O
Jane w o n't be at w o rk this aftern o o n. She h as t o go to th e d o ctor.
O
Jane isn't well. She d o esn't w a n t to go to th e d o ctor, b ut I to ld her she m u st go.
(this is n o t m y p erso nal o p inio n - it is a fa ct)
(this is m y p erso nal o p in io n)
76
( m ust / m ust n 't / d o n't n ee d t o
U n i t 31
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use h a v e t o or h as t o + t h ese verbs:
do
hit
read
sp e a k
M y eyes are n o t very g o o d. I
travel
w ear
have t o w e a r
glasses.
A t th e e n d o f th e c o urse all th e st u d e n ts................................................................ a test.
Sarah is stu dyin g literature. S h e ................................................................ a lot o f b o oks.
A lb e rt d o esn't un d ersta n d m u ch English. Y o u
very slo w ly to him .
Kate is often aw ay fro m h o m e. S h e ................................................................ a lo t in her jo b.
In te n nis y o u ................................................................ th e ball over th e net.
fgg}
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces. Use h a v e t o or h a d t o + t h ese verbs:
a n sw e r
We
buy
chan g e
ha d t o w a lk
go
w alk
h o m e last nig ht. Th ere w ere no buses.
It's late. I ................................................................................now. I'll see yo u to m orro w.
I w e n t to th e su p erm ark e t after w o rk yesterday. I .............................................................................. so m e fo o d.
This train d o esn't go all th e w ay to Lo n d o n. Y o u .............................................................................. at Bristol.
W e did an exa m yesterday. W e ................................................................................six q u estio ns o u t o f ten.
C o m p le t e t h e q u esti o ns. So m e are p rese n t a n d so m e are p ast.
£ 3 )
W h a t tim e
d o y o u have t o g e t up
/L
1
I have to get up early to m orro w.
2
G e org e had to w a it a long tim e.
H o w lo n g .........................................................................................................
3
Lisa has to go so m e w h ere.
W h e r e ................................................................................................................
4
W e had to pay a lo t o f m o ney.
H o w m u c h ......................................................................................................
5
I haye to d o so m e w ork.
W h a t e x a c t ly ..................................................................................................
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h d o n ' t / d o esn ' t / d i d n ' t h a v e t Q
W h y are yo u g oing out? Y o u
d o n’t .have t o .g o o u t,..
W h y is Sue waitin g? S h e ............................
W h y did yo u get up early? Y o u .............
W h y is Paul w o rkin g so hard? H e .........
W h y d o yo u w a n t to leave n ow? W e .
€3 31 W h ic h is co rr ect?
So m e t i m es m u st a n d h a v e t o are b o t h c o rr ect . So m e t i m es o n ly o n e is co rr ect .
1 It's a fa n tastic film. Yo u m ust see / have to see it.
( both are correct )
2 Jessica w o n't be at w o rk this aftern o o n. She must-ge- / has to go to th e d octor.
( has to go is correct )
Yo u can't p ark y o ur car here for n o thin g. Yo u m ust pay / have to pay.
I did n't have any m o n e y w ith m e last night, so I m ust b orro w / had to b orro w so m e.
I eat t o o m u ch c h o c o late. I really m ust sto p / have to st o p .
Paul is in a hurry. H e m ust m e e t / has to m e e t so m e b o d y in five m inutes.
W h at's wro n g? Yo u m ust tell / have to tell me. I w a n t to help yo u.
f f i
W ri t e so m e t h in gs t h a t y o u (o r y o u r frie n ds o r fa m ily) have t o d o o r ha d t o do.
1 (e v ery d ay)
[M y e t
o
t
r
a
^
..........................................................
2 (e v ery d ay)
..................................................................................................................................................
3 (yesterd ay)
..................................................................................................................................................
4 (t o m o rro w )
..................................................................................................................................................
77
Unit
34
W ould you like ... ?
I'd like ...
W o u l d y o u li k e ... ? = D o yo u w a n t ... ?
Wouldyou like
a ch oc olate?
W e use W o u l d y o u li k e ... ? to offer thin gs:
O
A: W o u l d y o u li k e s o m e c o f f e e?
O
a
O
a
I f
N o, th a n k yo u.
b:
: W o u l d y o u li k e a c h o c o l a t e ?
Yes, please.
b:
: W h a t w o u l d y o u like, tea or coffee?
ffi'ee, p le ase. ^
Tea, please.
b:
W e use W o u l d y o u li k e t o ... ? to invite so m e b o d y:
O
W o u l d y o u li k e t o go for a walk?
O
a
: W o u l d y o u li k e t o e a t w ith us on Su nd ay?
Yes, I'd lo ve to. (= I w o u ld love to eat w ith y o u)
b:
O
W h a t w o u l d y o u li k e t o d o this evenin g?
I'd li k e ... is a p olite w ay to say 'I want'. I'd like = I w o u l d like:
O
I'm thirsty. I'd li k e a drin k.
O
(in a tourist office ) I'd li k e so m e inform atio n a b o u t hotels, please.
I'm feelin g tire d. I'd li k e t o st a y at h o m e this evening.
O
W o u l d y o u li k e ... ? an d D o y o u li k e ... ?
W o u l d y o u li k e ... ? / Td li k e ...
D o y o u li k e ... ? / 1 li k e ...
W o uld you
like some tea?
Yes, I do.
W o uld you
i some now?
W o u l d y o u li k e so m e tea? = D o yo u w a n t
No, thank you.
N ot now.
D o y o u li k e t e a? = D o yo u t h in k tea is nice?
so m e tea?
O
a
: W o u l d y o u li k e to go to th e cin e m a
O
a
: D o y o u li k e going to th e cin e m a?
tonig ht?
( in general)
(= d o yo u w a n t to go tonight?)
b:
O
b:
Yes, I go to th e cin e m a a lot.
Yes, I'd love to.
I'd li k e an orang e, please.
O
M ik e orang es, (in general)
O
W h a t d o y o u li k e to d o at w e ekends?
(= can I have an orang e?)
O
W h a t w o u l d y o u li k e to d o n ext
w e eke n d?
78
( lik e t o d o an d lik e -in g
U n i t 52
I w o u l d d o so m ething i f .
U n i t 100
Exercises
W h a t are t h e p e o p le in t h e p ict u res saying? Use W o u l d y o u li k e
. W o u jd y o uJik e
a c h o c o la t e ?
san d wiches
W h a t d o y o u say t o Su e in t h ese sit u a ti o ns? Use W o u l d y o u li k e t o ... ?
1 Yo u w a n t to go to th e cin e m a t o nig ht. Perhaps Sue will go w ith yo u. (g o)
Yo u say:
W ould.yow.like t o .g o t o t h e . cin e m a t o n i g h t ? ..............................................................................
Yo u w a n t to play te nnis to m orro w . Perhaps Sue will play to o. (p lay)
Yo u say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Yo u have an extra tick e t for a c o n c e rt n ext w e e k. Perhaps Sue will c o m e, (c o m e)
Yo u say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
It's rainin g an d Sue is going o u t. She d o esn't have an u m brella, b ut yo u have one.
(b o rro w )
Yo u say: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
W h ic h is righ t?
1 'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like a ch ocolate?'
2
'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like bananas?'
3
'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like an ice cream?'
'Yes, please.'
( W o u ld yo u like is right )
'Yes, I love them.'
4 'W h a t d o yo u like / w o u ld yo u like to drink?'
'N o, th a n k you.'
'A glass o f water, please.'
5 'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like to go o u t for a walk?'
'N o t now. Perhaps later.'
6 I like / I'd like to m ato es, b ut I d o n't eat th e m very often.
7 W h a t tim e d o yo u like / w o u ld yo u like to have d in n er this evenin g?
8
'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like so m e thin g to eat?'
9
'D o yo u like / W o u ld yo u like y o ur n e w job?'
'N o, than ks. I'm n o t hungry.'
'Yes, I'm e njo yin g it.'
10 I'm tire d. I like / I'd like to go to sleep now.
11 'I like / I'd like a sa n d w ich, please.'
'Sure. W h a t kin d o f san d wich?'
12 'W h a t kin d o f m usic d o yo u like / w o u ld yo u like?'
'All kinds.'
U nit
35
Do this!
Don't do that!
Let's do this!
W e use c o m e / l o o k / g o / w a i t / b e e t c w h e n w e tell so m e b o d y to d o so m e thin g:
O
'C o m e here an d l o o k at this!'
O
I d o n't w a n t to talk to yo u. G o away!
'W h a t is it?'
O
I'm n o t ready yet. Please w a i t for me.
O
Please b e q uie t. I'm w orkin g .
also
O
Bye! H a v e a g o o d holiday! / H a v e a nice tim e! / H a v e a g o o d flight! / H a v e fun!
(= I h o p e yo u have a g o o d h o lid ay etc.)
'H av e a ch ocolate.'
'O h, thanks.'
(= w o u ld yo u like a ch o c o late?)
W e use d o n ' t ... w h e n w e tell so m e b o d y n o t to d o so m e thin g:
O
Be careful! D o n 't fall.
O
Please d o n 't go. Stay here w ith me.
Be here on tim e. D o n 't b e late.
Yo u can say Le t's ... w h e n yo u w a n t p e o ple to d o thin gs w ith yo u. Le t's = Let us.
O
It's a nice day. Le t's go o ut.
(= yo u a n d I can go o u t)
)
C o m e on! Le t's d a n ce.
( = y o u a n d / c a n d a n ce)
A re yo u ready? Le t's go.
Le t's h a v e fish for d in n er to nig ht.
C3
a
:
Shall w e go o u t tonight?
b: N o ,
I'm tire d. Le t's st a y at h o m e.
Th e ne gative is Le t's n o t ...
It's cold. Le t's n o t go o u t. Let's stay at h o m e.
O
80
Le t's n o t have fish for d in n er t o nig ht. Let's have chicke n.
( sh all w e .
U n i t 28
re you ready? Le t’s go.^|
Exercises
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res. W h a t are t h e p e o p le sayin g? So m e se n t e n ces are p osit iv e ( b u y / c o m e e tc.)
a n d so m e are n e g a tive (d o n 't b u y / d o n ' t c o m e e tc.). Use t h ese verbs:
be
buy
co m e
-d r i n k-
dro p
forget
have
si t
D o n't d rin k
--- -
sle e p
s m il e
It's too expensive.
the water!
m going to
bed now
careful with that
Don't worry. I won't.
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use let's w it h:
g o t o a r e st a u r a n t
A nsw e r w it h N o, d o n ' t ... o r N o, le t's n o t .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ta ke a taxi
w a i t a li t t l e
w atch T V
U nit
36
I used to
a fe w ye a rs ago
d a ve
d a ve
tod a y
i
m*r
}
iiittl
\g£ /
D ave u s e d t o w o r k in a factory. N o w he w o r k s in a su p erm ark e t.
w
he u s e d t o w o rk
p a st
he w orks
now
D ave u s e d t o w o r k in a fa ct ory = he w ork e d in a fa ct ory before, b ut he d o esn't w o rk th ere now.
Yo u can say I u s e d t o w o r k ... / s h e u s e d t o h a v e ... / t h e y u s e d t o b e ... e t c .:
be
l/ y o u / w e / th e y
h e /sh e /it
u se d t o
w ork
have
p la y
etc.
W h e n I w as a child, I u s e d t o l i k e ch o c o late.
I u s e d t o r e a d a lo t o f b o oks, b ut I d o n't read
m u ch th ese days.
Lisa has g ot sh o rt hair no w, b ut it u s e d t o b e
v e ry long.
Th e y u s e d t o l i v e in th e sa m e stre et as us, so
w e u s e d t o s e e th e m a lot. But w e d o n't see
th e m m u ch th ese days.
H elen u s e d t o h a v e a piano, b u t she sold it a
fe w years ago.
Th e ne gative is I d i d n ' t u s e t o ...
W h e n I w as a child, I d i d n ' t u s e t o l i k e to m ato es.
T h e q u estio n is d i d y o u u s e t o ... ?:
W h e re d i d yo u u s e t o l i v e b efore yo u c a m e here?
W e use u s e d t o ... o nly for th e past. Yo u c a n n o t say 'I use to ...' for th e present:
I u s e d t o p l a y tennis. Th ese days I p l a y golf. ( not I use to play g o lf)
W e usually g e t up early. ( not W e use to get up early)
82
I ueed to have
very long hair.
Exercises
Lo o k a t t h e pict ures. C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h use d t o . . . .
This is me a
few ye ars ago.
. She.used to have...
Jong.hair,...............
®
H e ...........
a taxi driver.
fo otb all.
r We live in London now. ^
This is me 2 0 ye a rs ago.
I never wear glasses now.
This b uild in g
in th e c o u n try.
f)
Ka re n w o r ks v e ry hard a n d has ve ry li t tle free ti m e. A f e w y ears ago, t h in gs w er e dif f ere n t.
Kare n a f e w years ag o
________________
D o yo u d o any sp ort?
K are n n o w
Yes, I sw im every d ay and
I play volleyb all.
D o yo u go o u t much?-
Yes, m ost evenings.
D o yo u play a m usical-
Yes, th e guitar.
instru m e n t?
D o yo u like reading?D o yo u travel m uch?-
Yes, I read a lot.
Yes, I go aw ay t w o or thre e
tim es a year.
work very hard in
my job. I don’t have
any free time.
W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t Ka re n w it h use d t o . . . .
1
Sheused tpswi.m everyday.
2 S h e ...............................................................................................
4
5
C o m p l e t e t h ese se n t e nces. Use u se d t o o r t h e p r ese n t si m p le (I p la y / h e liv es e tc.).
1 I
y s e d t o p ja y te nnis. I sto p p e d playin g a fe w ye ars ago.
2 'D o yo u d o any sp ort?’ 'Yes, I p la y basketball.’
3 'D o yo u have a car?' 'N o, I
.................................................... one, b u t I sold it.’
4 G e o r g e ................................................................a waiter. N o w he's th e m ana g er o f a ho tel.
5 'D o yo u go to w o rk by car?' 'So m e tim es, b ut m ost days I .............................................................. by train.'
6 W h e n I w as a child, I n e v e r................................................................ m eat, b ut I eat it now.
7 M a ry loves w a tch in g T V . S h e ................................................................T V every eve nin g.
8 We
near th e airp ort, b u t w e m o ve d to th e c ity c e n tre a few years ago.
9 N o rm a lly I start w o rk at 7 o'clo ck, so I ................................................................ up very early.
10 W h a t g a m e s................................y o u ............................................................... w h e n yo u w ere a child?
U nit
37
there is
there are
,0
A
T h e r e's a m an o n th e roof.
SU N D A Y
M O N DAY
T U ES D A Y
W E D N ES D A Y
T H U RS D A Y
FRID A Y
SA TURD AY
.
T h e r e's a train at 10.30.
T h e r e a r e seven days in a w e e k.
singular
t h e r e i s ...
T h e r e ’s a big tre e in th e garden.
(t h e re's)
T h e r e ’s n o th in g o n T V t o nig ht.
is t h e r e . . . ?
t h e r e is n o t ...
( t h e r e isn ’t
or t h er e's n o t)
a : D o yo u have any m o n ey?
b: Yes, t h e r e's so m e in m y bag.
a : Excuse me, is t h e r e a hotel n e ar here?
b: Yes, t h e r e is. / N o, t h e r e isn ’t.
W e c a n ’t go skiin g. T h e r e isn 't any snow.
plura l
T h e r e a r e so m e big trees in th e garden.
t h e r e a r e ...
T h e r e a r e a lot o f accid e n ts on this road.
are t h e r e ... ?
t h e r e a r e n o t ...
( t h e r e a r e n 't)
a : A r e t h e r e any restaurants n ear here?
b: Yes, t h e r e are. / N o, t h e r e ar e n't.
This restauran t is v ery q uie t. T h e r e a r e n 't m a ny
p e o p le here.
H o w m a ny players a r e t h e r e in a fo otb all team?
T h e r e a r e 11 players in a fo otb all team.
t h e r e is an d i t is
t h e r e is
a
i t is
&
T h e r e's a b o o k o n th e table.
I like this b o o k . I t ’s interestin g.
( n o t It's a b o o k on th e ta b le.)
(It = this b o o k)
C o m p are:
'W hat's t h a t n oise?'
'It's a train.'
(It = th a t noise)
T h e r e 's a train at 10.30. It’s a fast train.
( It = the 10.30 tra in )
T h e r e's a lo t o f salt in this so up.
(ii's so u p . Its too salty.
( t here was / were / has been etc. -» U n it 38
(It = this soup)
it and t here -» U nit 39
so m e and any -» U nit 76
Exercises
K e n t h a m is a sm all t o w n. Lo o k a t t h e in f o r m a ti o n in t h e b o x a n d w ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t K e n t h a m
w it h T h e r e is / a r e o r T h e r e isn 't / a re n 't.
a castle?
No
1
T h e n s j e n % a c a e ^ e . ........................
any restaurants?
Yes (a lo t)
2
There are a .jot of resta ura nts,.
a hospital?
Yes
a sw im m in g pool?
No
3 .............................................................................
4 .............................................................................
any cin e m as?
Yes (t w o )
a university?
No
6
any big hotels?
No
7 .............................................................................
5 .............................................................................
....................................................
W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t y o u r t o w n (o r a t o w n t h a t y o u k n o w). Use T h e r e is/ a r e or T h e r e isn't /
a r e n't.
1
2
......................................................................................................................
Theresa.bj.g..park,............................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ............................................................................................................................. .........................................................................................
6
....................................................................
W ri t e t h e r e is / t h e r e isn't / is t h e r e o r t h e r e a r e / t h e r e a r e n ' t / a r e t h e r e .
1 K e n th a m isn't an old t o w n
T h e re a r e n 't
any o ld buildin gs.
2 Look! ................................................ a p icture o f y o ur bro th er in th e newsp a p er!
3 'Excuse m e ,................................................ a b ank ne ar here?'
'Yes, at th e end o f th e street.'
4 ................................................ five p e o ple in m y fa m ily: m y parents, m y t w o sisters an d me.
5 'H o w m a ny st u d e n ts
in th e class?'
'Twenty.'
6 Th e ro ad is usually very q u ie t..................................................... m u ch traffic.
7.... '............................................. a bus fro m th e city ce n tre to th e airp ort?'
'Yes, every 20 minutes.'
8.... '............................................. any pro ble ms?' 'N o, everythin g is O K.'
9.... ..............................................n o w h ere to sit d o w n .......................................................any chairs.
I B
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h T h e r e a r e . . . . C h o o se fro m t h e bo xes.
1
jrCr\\VC! i
t w e n t y -si x
le t t e rs
d a ys
Se p t e m b e r
t h e so l a r syst e m
e ig h t
t h ir t y
p l a y e rs
d a ys
the USA
a week
f if t e e n
f if t y
p l a n e ts
st a t es
a ru g b y te a m
t h e En g lish a l p h a b e t
T h e re a r e ^ e y e n d a y e \ n a ^
2 .....................................................................
3 ...............................................................................
4 ...............................................................................
5 ...............................................................................
6
.....................................................
W ri t e t h ere's / is t h e r e o r it's / is it.
1 ' T h e re ’s
a train at 10.30.' ' I .s j t a fast train?'
2 I'm n o t going to buy this sh irt.................................................... to o exp ensive.
3
'W hat's wro ng?'
'..............................................so m e thin g in m y eye.'
4 ...............................................a red car o u tsid e y o ur h o use.............................................
5 '............................................... a n ythin g g o o d on T V tonig ht?'
'Y e s,......................
w a n t to see at 8.15.'
6 'W ha t's th a t building?' '................................................ a school.'
7 '............................................... a restaurant in this hotel?' 'N o, I'm afraid not.'
. yo urs?
a pro gra m m e I
38
there was/ were
there will be
there has/ have been
t h e r e w as / t h e r e w e r e ( p ast )
T h e r e is a train every hour.
T h e tim e n o w is 11.15.
T h e r e w as a train at 11 o'clock.
C o m p are:
t h e r e is/ a re ( present )
O
O
O
O
t h e r e w as / w e r e ( p a st )
o
o
T h e r e is n o th in g on T V to nig ht.
W e are stayin g at a v ery big hotel.
T h e r e a r e 550 ro o ms.
o
Is everythin g O K? A r e t h e r e any
pro ble ms?
o
I'm hungry, b ut t h e r e isn't an ythin g
to eat.
J
_________
T h e r e w as n o thin g on T V last night.
W e staye d at a very big hotel.
T h e r e w e r e 550 ro o ms.
W as everythin g O K yesterd ay? W e re
t h e r e any pro ble ms?
I w as h u n gry w h e n I g ot h o m e, b ut
t h e r e w asn 't anythin g to eat.
t h e r e h as b e e n / t h e r e h a v e b e e n ( present perfect )
_
_
l
O
Look! T h e r e's b e e n an accid e n t.
(t h ere's b e e n = th ere h as b e e n)
O
This road is very d an g ero us. T h e r e h a v e
b e e n m a ny accid e n ts.
C o m p are t h e r e w as ( p ast ) :
O
T h e r e w as an accid e n t l ast nig h t.
( n o t Th ere has been an a c cid e n t last nig ht.)
For past sim ple an d prese nt p erfect, see U n it 20.
O
D o yo u t h in k t h e r e w ill b e a lo t o f p e o ple at
th e p arty on Saturd ay?
O
Th e m anag er o f th e c o m p a n y is leaving, so
t h e r e w ill b e a n e w m anag er so on.
O
I'm going aw ay t o m orro w . I'll d o my
p ackin g to d ay b ecause t h e r e w o n ' t b e tim e
to m orro w .
(t h e r e w o n ' t b e = th ere w ill n o t be)
was/ were ^ U n it 10 has/ have been
U nits 15-1 8 will
t here and it
U nits 37, 39 so me and any ^ U nit 76
U nit 27
t here is/are ^ U n it 37
Exercises
£ J H
Lo o k a t t h e t w o p ict u res. N o w t h e r o o m is e m p t y, b u t w h a t w as in t h e r o o m last w e e k? C h o ose
fro m t h e b ox a n d w ri t e se n t e n ces w it h T h e r e w a s ... o r T h e r e w e r e . . . .
an a r m c h a i r
a carp et
so m e f l o w e rs
a so fa
so m e b o o ks
u v lv / LI \
t h r e e p ic t u r es
a sm a ll t a b l e
1
T h a m w a sa .c l o c k ................................................................. on th e wall ne ar th e w in d o w .
2 ............................................................................................................. on th e floor.
3 ..............................................................................................................on th e wall near th e do or.
4 ..............................................................................................................in th e m id d le o f th e ro o m .
5 ..............................................................................................................on th e table.
6 ..............................................................................................................on th e shelves.
7 ............................................................................................................. in th e c orn er ne ar th e do or.
8 ..............................................................................................................o p p osite th e arm chair.
^ 2 9 1 W ri t e t h e r e w as / t h e r e w asn 't / w as t h e r e o r t h e r e w e r e / t h e r e w e r e n 't / w e r e t h e r e .
1 I w as hungry, b u t t h e r e w a e n ’t
a nythin g to eat.
2 W as everythin g O K yesterday?
W ere t h e r e any pro ble ms?
3 I o p e n e d th e e nvelo p e, b ut it w as e m p ty. .............................................................. n o thin g in it.
4 'W e staye d at a ve ry nice hotel.'
5 'D id yo u b uy any bananas?'
'R e a lly?...............................................................a sw im m in g pool?'
' N o ,................................................................ any in th e shop.'
6 Th e w alle t w as e m p ty. ................................................................ any m o n e y in it.
7 '............................................................ m a ny p e o ple at th e m eeting?'
'N o, ve ry few.'
8 W e did n't visit th e m use u m .....................................................................e no ug h tim e.
9 I'm sorry I'm late................................................................... a lo t o f traffic.
10 Tw e n ty years a g o .............................................................. m a ny to urists here. N o w th ere are a lot.
£ 3 1
W ri t e t h e r e + is / a r e / w as / w e r e / h as b e e n / h a v e b e e n / w ill be.
1
T h e re .w a s
a g o o d film on T V last night.
2 .............................................................. 24 h o urs in a day.
3 .............................................................. a p arty at th e clu b last Friday, b ut I did n't go.
4 'W h ere can I get so m e thin g to eat?'
5 'W h y are th e p o lice o u tsid e th e bank?'
'
a cafe at th e e n d o f th e street.'
'.............................................................. a rob bery.'
6 W h e n w e arrive d at th e t h e a tre ,
a long q u e u e o u tsid e.
7 W h e n yo u arrive t o m o rr o w ,..................................... * ....................... so m e b o d y at th e statio n to m e e t yo u.
8 Ten years a g o ................................................................ 500 childre n at th e sch o o l. N o w
.............................................................. m ore than a th o usan d .
9 Last w e e k I w e n t b ack to th e t o w n w h ere I w as b orn. It's very d iffere nt no w.
................................................................ a lo t o f chang es.
10 I t h in k everythin g will be O K . I d o n't t h i n k ................................................................ any pro ble ms.
Unit
39
,t
W e use i t for tim e / d ay / d ista n c e / w e a th er:
tim e
W h a t tim e is it?
It's h a lf past ten.
It's late.
It's tim e to go h o m e.
W h a t day is it?
It's Thursd ay.
It's 16 M arc h.
It w as m y b irth d ay yesterday.
dista nce
f o u r house
It's thre e kilo m e tres fro m o ur h o use to th e c ity centre.
H o w far is it fro m N e w York to Los A ng eles?
It's a lo ng w ay fro m here to th e statio n.
. 3 kil o m e tr es
W e can w alk h o m e. It isn't far
W e use f a r in q u estio ns (is it far?) an d ne gatives (i t isn ’t far).
city centre
In p ositive sentences, w e use a lo n g w a y ( i t ’s a l o n g w ay).
w e a th er
It's rainin g.
It isn't raining.
It rains a lo t here.
it "it / / / "it///// / / / / it
/ 11
/
1 11111 / 1111 / 1111
/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t
/ 1 11 1 1 1 / / 1 i 11 / / 1111 /
Is i t sn o win g?
It did n't rain yesterday.
D o es i t sn o w very often?
It's w arm / h o t / c o ld / fin e / clo u d y / w in d y /su n n y / f o g g y / d ark etc.
It's a nic e d ay today.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 / / 1 1 1 1 / / / 11
C o m p are i t an d t h er e:
It r a i n s a lo t in win ter.
T h e r e is a l o t o f r a i n in win ter.
O
i t w as very w in d y.
T h e r e w as a st r o n g w i n d yesterday.
I t ’s n ic e t o ... etc.
easy / d ifficu lt / im p ossib le / dan g ero us / safe /
exp e nsive / interestin g / nic e / w o n d erfu l / terrib le etc.
i
88
O
It's nic e t o se e y o u a g ain.
O
It ’s im p ossib le t o u n d e rst a n d her.
O
It w asn't easy t o f in d y o u r h o use.
D o n ’t forget it:
O It's rainin g again.
O
Is i t tru e th at y o u ’re going away?
( t h e r e is ^ U n i t 37
to
(otnsI rainin g ag ain)
Is tru e t h a t .. .)
3
Exercises
W ri t e a b o u t t h e w e a t h e r in t h e p ict u res. Use It's ,
1
I t s ra in in g ,..........................................................................
4
2 .........................................................................................................
5
3 .........................................................................................................
6
W ri t e i t is (it's) or is it.
1 W hat tim e
is i t
?
2 W e have to go now.
very late.
3 ............................... tru e t h a t Ben can fly a helico pter?
4 'W h a t d a y .................................to day? Tu esd ay?'.....' N o ,.................................. W e d nesd ay.'
5 ............................... ten kilo m e tres fro m th e a irp ort to th e city centre.
6 ............................... O K to call yo u at y o ur office?
7 'D o yo u w a n t to w alk to th e hotel?'
'I d o n't know. H o w f a r .................................?'
8 ...............................Lisa's b irth d ay to day. She's 27.
9 I d o n't b elieve it! .................................im p ossible.
m
W ri t e q u est io ns w it h H o w f a r ... ?
1 (h ere / th e sta tio n)..................... .... H o w f a r j 5 .i t f r o m h e r e t o ................................ ..........................................................
2 (t h e ho tel / th e b e ach)
H o w ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ( N e w York / W ash in g t o n)
...........................................................................................................................................................
4 (y o ur h o use / th e a irp o rt)
...........................................................................................................................................................
W ri t e i t o r t h er e .
1 Th e w e a th er isn't so nice to day.
i t 's clo u dy.
2
Ib .s r e w as a stro n g w in d yesterday.
3 ....................... 's h o t in this ro o m . O p e n a w in d o w .
4 ....................... w as a nic e d ay yesterd ay............................... w as w arm an d sunny.
5 ....................... w as a storm last nig ht. D id yo u hear it?
6 I w as afraid b e c a u se .........................w as very dark.
7 ....................... 's often co ld here, b u t .......................... isn't m u ch rain.
8 ....................... 's a long w ay fro m here to th e nearest sho p.
c m
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. C h o ose fro m t h e bo xes.
it's
e asy
d a n g e r o us
d if f ic u lt
n ic e
i m p o ssi b l e
i n t e r est i n g
1 If yo u go to be d la t e ,
w o r k here
to
ge t u p e a r ly
v isi t d i f f e r e n t p l a c es
see y o u a g ain
i.T’s d if f ic u lt t p .g .a t .up. a a rly
go o u t a l o n e
m a k e f ri e n d s
in th e m ornin g.
2 H ello, Jan e.................................................................................................................................................... H o w are yo u?
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
TTiere is to o m u ch noise.
4 Every b o d y is very nice at w o rk ....................................................................................................................................................
5 I like travellin g....................................................................................................................................................
6 So m e cities are n o t safe
at nig ht.
mm
She isn't tire d, b ut he is.
He likes tea, b ut sh e d o esn't.
(h e is = he is tire d)
(sh e d o esn 't = sh e d o esn't like tea)
In th ese exa m p les, it is n o t n ecessary to re p eat so m e w ords ('h e is tired', 'she d o esn't like te a ’ ).
Yo u can use th ese verbs in th e sa m e way:
O
O
a m / is / a r e
w as / w e r e
h a v e / h as
d o / d o es / d i d
ca n
O
w ill
m ig h t
.
O
CD
m u st
I haven't g ot a car; b ut m y sister has.
a:
(= m y sister
has g ot a c ar)
Please help me.
b: I'm sorry. I can't. (= I can't help y o u)
a:
A re y o u tired?
b: I w as, b ut I'm n o t now. (= I w as tire d, b ut I'm n o t tire d n o w )
a: D o
yo u t h in k Laura will c o m e an d see us?
b: She m ig h t. (= she m ig ht c o m e)
a:
A re y o u g o i n g n o w ?
b: Yes, I'm afraid I m ust . (= I m ust go)
W e d o n't use 'm / 's/'ve etc. ( sh o rtfo r m s ) in this way. Yo u m ust use a m / is / h a v e e t c .:
O
She isn't tired, b u t he is. ( n o t b ut he's)
But yo u can use isn't / h a v e n 't / w o n ' t etc. ( negative sh ort forms):
O
M y sister has g ot a car, b u t I ha ve n't.
O
A re yo u an d Jane w orkin g t o m orro w?'
'I am, b ut Jane isn't.'
Yo u can use I a m / I'm n o t etc. after Yes an d No:
O
O
O
'Are yo u tired?'
'Yes, I a m . / N o, I'm not.'
'W ill A la n be here t o m orro w?'
'Yes, he w ill. / N o, he won't.'
'Is th ere a bus to th e airp ort?'
'Yes, th ere is. / N o, th ere isn't.'
W e use d o / d o es for th e presen t sim ple (—> U nits 6 - 7 ):
O
O
I
I d o n't like h o t weath er, b ut Sue d o es. (= Sue likes h o t w e a th er)
Sue w o rks hard, b ut I d o n't. (= I d o n't w o rk hard)
'D o yo u e njoy y o ur w ork?'
'Yes, I do.'
W e use d i d for th e p a st sim ple ( —> U n it 12 ):
O
a:
O
'I had a g o o d tim e.'
D id yo u an d C hris e njo y th e f il m ?
b: I did, b ut C hris di d n't . (= I e njo ye d it, b ut C hris did n't e njo y it)
'D id it rain yesterday?'
90
f have y o u? / d o n't y o u? etc.
'I d i d too.' (= I e njo ye d it t o o)
'N o, it didn't.'
U n i t 41
so a m I / n e i t h e r a m I etc.
» U n i t 42
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. Use o n ly o n e verb (is / h a v e / c a n e tc.) each ti m e.
1
Kate w asn't hun gry, b ut w e
w e r e ............................
4
I haven't seen th e film, b ut To m
2
I’m not married, but my brother....................
5
Karen won't be here, but C hris....
3
Ben can't help yo u, b ut 1...................................................
6
Yo u w ere n't late, b u t I ......
CD C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h a n e g a tiv e ve r b (isn ’t / h a v e n ’t / c a n ’t e tc.).
c a n ’t
4 M ark has been to C hin a, b ut I
1
M y sister can play th e piano, b ut I
2
Sam is w o rkin g to day, b ut 1..........................................
5 I'm ready to go, b ut T o m ..........
3
I w as w orkin g , b u t m y frie n d s....................................
6 I've g ot a key, b ut S a ra h .............
CD C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h d o / d o es / d i d o r d o n 't / d o esn 't / d i d n 't .
1 I d o n't like h o t weath er, b ut S u e d o e s ......
2 Sue likes h o t weather, b ut I d.on t ......
3 M y m o t h er w ears glasses, b ut m y f a t h e r.....................................
4 Yo u d o n't k n o w Paul very well, b ut I .....................................
5 I did n't e njo y th e party, b ut m y frie n d s.....................................
6 I d o n't w a tch T V m u ch, b ut P e t e r.....................................
7 Kate lives in Lo n d o n, b ut her p a re n ts.....................................
8 Yo u had breakfast this m ornin g, b ut I .....................................
CD C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces.
1 I d i d n 't
W ri t e a b o u t y o u rse lf a n d o t h e r p e o p le.
Q o o u t l a s t n ig h t,. M t .lT iy . M s n d s .d l d .............................................................................
2 I lik e ....................................................................................... ,.b u t ...........................................................................
3 I d o n 't ................................................................................... ,.b u t ...........................................................................
4 I'm .................................................................................................................................................................................
5 I h a v e n 't.....................................................................................................................................................................
o
Put in a verb, p osit iv e o r n e ga tive.
1 A re yo u tired?' ' I w a s earlier, b u t I'm n o t now.'
2 Steve is ha p py today, b ut h e ........................................ yesterday.
3 T h e b ank isn't o p en yet, b ut th e sh o p s.........................................
4 I haven't g ot a telesco p e, b ut I k n o w so m e b o d y w h o .........................................
5 I w o u ld like to help yo u, b u t I'm afraid I .........................................
6 I d o n't usually go to w o rk by car, b ut I ........................................ yesterday.
7 a: H ave yo u ever been to th e U nit e d States?
b:
N o , b ut S a n d ra ......................................... She w e n t th ere on h o lid ay last year.
8 'D o yo u an d C hris w a tch T V a lot?'
' I ........................................ , b ut C hris doesn't.'
9 I've been invite d to Sam's w e d d in g, b ut K a t e .........................................
10 'D o yo u t h in k Sarah will pass her drivin g test?' 'Yes, I'm sure s h e .........................
11 'Are yo u g oing o u t tonig ht?' 'I ......................................... I d o n't k n o w for sure.'
A nsw e r t h ese q u esti o ns a b o u t y o urself. Use Yes, I h a v e . / N o , I'm n o t. e tc.
1 A re yo u A m eric a n?.........................................NoJ.’m n o t ,...............................................................
2 H ave yo u g ot a car?
3 D o yo u feel O K?........................................................................................................................................
4 Is it sn o win g?...............................................................................................................................................
5 A re yo u hun gry?......................................... ..............................................................................................
6 D o yo u like classical m usic?
..............................................................................................
7 W ill yo u be in Paris t o m orro w?
..............................................................................................
8 H ave yo u ever bro ken y o ur arm?
..............................................................................................
9 D id yo u b uy anythin g yesterd ay?
..............................................................................................
10 W ere yo u asle e p at 3 a.m.?..................................................................................................................
U nit
41
Have you?
A re you?
Don't you? etc.
I'm w ritin g a b o o k . ^
O h ; have you? )
\(
^
^ D o n't y o u? W h y
Yo u can say h a v e y o u? / is it? / c a n ' t h e? etc. to sh o w th a t yo u are intereste d or surprise d:
O
'Yo u're late.'
'O h, a m I? I'm sorry.'
'I w as ill last week.'
'It's rainin g again.'
' W ere y o u? I did n't k n o w that.'
'Is it? It w as su n ny ten m in u t es ago.'
'Th ere's a pro ble m w ith th e car.'
'Is t h e r e? W h at's wro n g w ith it?'
O
'Bill c a n 't drive.'
'C a n 't h e? I did n't k n o w that.'
O
'I'm n o t hungry.'
' A r e n't y o u? I am.'
O
'Su e isn't at w o rk today.'
'Isn't sh e? Is sh e ill?'
Use d o / d o es for th e presen t sim ple , an d d i d for th e p a st sim ple :
'I sp e a k fo ur languages.'
'D o y o u? W h ic h ones?'
O
'Ben d o esn 't eat meat.'
' D o esn 't h e? D o es he eat fish?'
O
' N ic o la g o t m arrie d last week.'
'D id sh e? Really?'
Q u estio n tags
Yo u can use h a v e y o u? / is it? / c a n ' t sh e? etc.
at th e end o f a se nte nce.
Th ese 'm ini- q u estio ns' are question tags.
positive se nte nce —> negative q u estio n tag
negative se nte nce —> positive q u estio n tag
92
( I a m / I d o n't etc.
» U n i t 40
Q t ’e a beautiful day, le n t it? ^
Exercises
U
Q
A nsw e r w it h D o y o u? / D o esn ' t sh e? / D i d t h e y? e tc.
| A nsw e r w it h H a v e y o u? / H a v e n 't y o u? / D i d sh e? / D i d n ' t sh e? e tc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h a q u esti o n t a g (isn 't it? / h a v e n 't y o u? e tc.).
1
2
J5\
a
r
/L
It's a b eautiful d a y ,.... jsn t i t .........
?
Th ese flo w ers are n ic e ,..............................
?
Yes, w h a t are they?
Yes, b ut I did n't sp eak to her.
Yes, its p erfect.
3
Jane w as at th e p a rty ,..............................
?
4
Yo u've been to Pa ris,..............................
?
Yes, m any tim es.
5
Yo u sp e ak G e r m a n ,..............................
?
Yes, b ut n o t very well.
6
M artin lo oks t ir e d ,..............................
?
Yes, he w orks v ery hard.
7
^
Yo u'll help m e ,..............................
?
y
\
Yes, o f c o urse I will,
v ----------------- - - ---------------- J
| C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h a q u esti o n tag, p osit iv e (is it? / d o y o u? e tc.) o r n e g a tive (isn 't it? /
d o n ' t y o u? e tc.).
U nit
t o o / eit her
so am I / n eit her do I etc.
t o o an d e i t h e r
( j m happy to o. ^
(7m n o t I
Vm not happy e i t h e r j
a
W e use t o o an d e i t h e r at th e end o f a sentence.
W e use t o o after a positive verb:
O a : I'm happy.
b : I'm happy t o o.
O
a:
b:
O
W e use e i t h e r after a negative verb:
O a : I'm not happy.
b : I'm n o t happy e i t h e r
O
1enjoyed the film.
1e n j o y e d it t o o.
a:
b:
O
Jane is a doctor. Her husband is a
d octor t o o.
1can't co ok.
1c a n ' t e i t h e r
Ben doesn't watch TV. He d o esn 't
read newspapers e it h e r.
so a m I / n e i t h e r d o I etc.
a m / is / a r e ...
w a s / w e r e ...
so
d o / d o es
d i d ..
h a v e / h a s...
n eith er
c a n ...
w ill
)a m l
w o u l d ...
so a m 1 = 1 am to o
n e i t h e r a m 1 = I'm n o t eith er
so h a v e 1 ==1 have t o o (e tc.):
n e i t h e r c a n 1 = 1can't e ith er (e tc.):
O
O
a
: I'm w orkin g .
b:
a
o
a : 1 h a v e n 't g ot a key.
o
a : K a t e c a n ' t c o o k.
o
a : 1 w o n 't ( = will n o t) be here
So a m 1. (= I'm w orkin g t o o )
: 1 w as late for w o rk to day.
b: N e i t h e r h a v e 1. (= 1 haven't e ith er)
b: So w as Sa m .
O
a
O
a
: 1 w o r k in a b ank.
b:
O
a
So d o 1.
: W e w e n t to th e cin e m a last night.
b:
b: N e i t h e r c a n To m.
D id you? So d i d we.
to m orro w .
o
: I'd like to go to A ustralia.
b:
So w o u l d 1.
b: N e i t h e r w ill 1.
a : 1 n e v e r g o to th e cin e m a.
b: N e i t h e r d o 1.
Yo u can also use N o r ( = N e ith er):
o
a : I'm n o t m arrie d.
b: N o r a m 1. or
N eit h er a m i.
Re m e m b er: So a m I (not So I a m ), N e ith er ha v e I (not N e ith er I have).
94
[ I a m / 1 d o n't etc. - » U n i t 40
3
Exercises
^ 2 0 1 A nsw e r w it h So ... I (So a m I / So d o I / So c a n I e tc.).
A nsw e r w it h N e i t h e r ... I.
__________
I can't go to th e party.
I did n't p h o n e A le x last night.
9
I haven't g ot any m o n e y
10
11
I'm n o t going o u t to m orro w.
I d o n't k n o w w h a t to do.
Yo u are t a lk in g t o M aria. W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t y ourself. W h e r e p ossible, use So . . . 1 or
N e i t h e r ... i. Lo o k a t t h ese e x a m p les care f ully:
tired today. ^
Yo u ca n a n s w e r:
S o a m I,
or
\M Q Q t-.
d o n’t w ork h a r d )
Yo u can a n s w e r:
N e i t h e r d o j.
or
I.do. .......
SL
M aria
Yo u
I'm le arnin g English.
I can rid e a bike.
I'm n o t A m eric a n.
I like c o o kin g.
I d o n't like c o ld weather.
I sle pt well last night.
I've n ever run a m ara th o n,
d o n't use m y p h o n e m u ch.
I'm going o u t t o m o rro w evening.
I haven't been to Sc o tlan d.
I d id n't w a tch T V last night.
I go to th e cin e m a a lot.
95
Unit
43
A isn't, haven't, don't etc.
(negatives)
W e use n o t (n't) in ne gative sentences:
positive —> negative
am
is
are
w as
a m n o t ('m n o t)
is n o t (isn't o r 's n o t)
a r e n o t (a r e n 't or 're n o t)
w as n o t ( w asn't)
were
w e r e n o t ( w e r e n 't)
have
h a v e n o t (h a v e n 't)
has
h as n o t (h asn 't)
will
w ill n o t ( w o n't)
can
c a n n o t (ca n 't )
c o uld
c o u l d n o t (c o u l d n 't )
m ust
m u st n o t ( m ust n 't )
sh o uld
sh o u l d n o t (sh o u l d n 't)
w o u ld
w o u l d n o t ( w o u l d n 't)
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
I'm n o t tire d.
It isn't ( or It's n o t) raining.
Th e y a r e n 't ( or Th e y're n o t) here.
Julian w asn 't hun gry.
Th e sh o ps w e r e n ' t o p en.
I h a v e n 't finish e d m y w ork.
Sue h asn 't g ot a car.
W e w o n ' t be here t o m orro w.
G e org e c a n ' t drive.
I c o u l d n ' t sleep last night.
I m u st n ' t forget to p h o n e Jane.
Yo u sh o u l d n ' t w o rk so hard.
I w o u l d n ' t like to be an actor.
d o n 't / d o esn 't / d i d n 't
presen t sim ple negative
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
he /sh e /it
p a st sim ple negative
l/ th ey / h e /sh e etc.
positive
->
d o n o t (d o n't)
d o es n o t ( d o esn 't )
w o r k / li v e / g o etc.
d i d n o t ( d id n't)
negative
I w a n t to go o u t.
-»
I d o n 't w a n t to go o u t.
Th e y w o r k hard.
-»
T h e y d o n ' t w o r k hard.
Lisa p la ys th e guitar.
->
Lisa d o esn 't p la y th e guitar.
—>
M y fa th er d o esn 't li k e his jo b.
->
->
I d i d n 't g e t up early this m ornin g.
M y fa th er li k es his jo b.
I g o t up early this m ornin g.
Th e y w o r k e d hard yesterday.
W e p l a y e d te nnis.
Em ily h a d d in n er w ith us.
T h e y d i d n 't w o r k hard yesterday.
—>
W e d i d n 't p l a y tennis.
->
Em ily d i d n 't h a v e d in n er w ith us.
D o n 't
Lo o k!
—>
D o n 't lo o k!
W a i t for me.
—>
D o n 't w a i t for me.
So m e tim es d o is th e m ain verb ( d o n 't d o / d o esn 't d o / d i d n 't d o):
D o so m ethin g!
D o n ' t d o anythin g!
Sue d o es a lo t at w e eke n ds.
->
—>
Sue d o esn 't d o m u ch at w e eke n ds.
I d i d w h a t yo u said.
—>
I d i d n 't d o w h a t yo u said.
present simple (negative) -fr U n it 6 past simple (negative) ^ U n it 12
d on't lo ok / don't w ait etc. 4 U nit 35 W hy isn't / don't . . . ? - » U nit 44
Exercises
M a k e t h ese se n t e n ces n e ga tive.
1
2
Th ey're m arrie d....................................................................
5 W e'll be late. ...
3
I've had dinn er. ..................................................................
6 Yo u sh o uld go.
He's g o ne away.
H e ha;5n*t.g one
4
a w a y.
It's c o ld to day.
M a k e t h ese se n t e n ces n eg a tive. Use d o n 't / d o esn 't / d i d n 't .
1
She saw m e
2
I like ch e ese............................................................................
5 G o away! ....................
3
Th e y u n d ersto o d ................................................................
6 I did th e sh o p p in g.
S h e d id n ’t s e e m e .........................
4 H e lives here...............
^ 2 3 1 M a k e t h ese se n t e n ces n eg a tive.
1
She can sw im
S h e c a n ’t .s w i m ...........................
6 He'll be ple ase d........
2
Th e y've arrive d .....................................................................
7 Call m e t o n ig h t........
3
I w e n t to th e b a n k.............................................................
8 It rain e d yesterday.
4
H e sp eaks G e rm a n .............................................................
9 I c o uld he ar th e m .
5
W e w ere an gry..................................................................... 10 I b elieve y o u ..............
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h a n e g a t ive ver b (isn 't / h a v e n 't / d o n 't e tc.).
. hungry.'
S t e v e ........................................ go to th e cin e m a m u ch. H e prefers to w a tch D V D s at h o m e.
W e can w alk to th e statio n fro m here. I t ........................................ v ery far.
'W here's Jane?'
' I .........................................know...I ......................................... seen her today.'
Be careful! ........................................ fall!
W e w e n t to a restaurant last night. I
like th e fo o d very m u ch.
I've been to Japan m a ny tim es, b ut I .........................................been to Kore a.
Ju lia ....................................... be here t o m orro w. She's going away.
'W h o bro ke th a t w in d o w?'
'N o t me. I ........................................ d o it.'
W e did n't see w h a t h a p p en e d. W e ........................................ lo okin g at th e tim e.
Lisa b o u g ht a n e w c o a t a few days ago, b ut s h e ........................................ w orn it yet.
Y o u ....................................... drive so fast. It's dang ero us.
Yo u ask G a r y so m e q u esti o ns. H e a nsw ers 'Yes' or 'No'. W ri t e se n t e n ces a b o u t G ary, p osit ive
or n e ga tive.
Gary
Yo u
T v
A re yo u m arrie d?
/ k
N o. j
1
2
D o yo u live in Lo n d o n?
Yes.
W ere yo u b orn in Lo n d o n?
N o.
3
D o yo u like Lo n d o n?
N o.
4
W o u ld yo u like to live in th e c o u n try?
Yes.
5
C a n yo u drive?
Yes.
6
H ave yo u g ot a car?
No.
7
D o yo u read n ewspa p ers?
N o.
8
A re yo u in tereste d in p olitics?
N o.
9
D o yo u w a tch T V m ost evenin gs?
Yes.
10
11
12
D id yo u w a tch T V last night?
N o.
D id yo u go o u t last night?
Yes.
Y
. H e js n t . m a m e d ,...
H e liv es in Lo n d o n.
is i t . . .? have y o u ...?
a (questions 1)
U nit
44
positive
you
question
are
do t h e y ... ? etc.
are
Y o u a re eating.
you
A r e y o u eating?
X
W h a t ar e y o u eating?
In q u estio ns, th e first verb (is / a re / h a v e e t c ) is b efore th e su b ject:
question
positive
subject + verb
1
T h a t seat
She
D avid
Yo u
verb + subject
a m late.
Am
->
Is
is free.
w as angry.
W h y w as
W h ere h as
h as gone.
w ill be here so on.
Paula
c a n swim .
t h a t se a t free?
sh e an gry?
D a v i d gone?
H ave
y o u g ot a car?
W h e n w ill
t h e y be here?
h a v e g ot a car.
Th e y
1 late?
Can
P a u la swim?
Re m e m b er: th e su b je ct is after th e first verb.
B
O
O
W h e re h as D a v i d gone? ( not W h ere has g one D avid?)
A r e t h o se p e o p l e w aitin g for so m ethin g? ( n o t A re w aitin g ... ?)
O
W h e n w as t h e t e l e p h o n e invente d? ( n o t W h e n w as inve nte d ... ?)
d o ... ? / d o es ... ? / d i d ... ?
presen t sim ple questions
do
d o es
did
p a st sim ple questions
l/ w e / y o u / th e y
h e /sh e /it
w o r k / li v e / g o e t c .... ?
l/ th e y / h e /sh e etc.
question
positive
D o th e y w o r k hard?
Th e y w o r k hard.
H o w often d o yo u w a t c h televisio n?
Yo u w a t c h televisio n.
D o es C hris w o r k hard?
C hris w o r k s hard.
She g e ts u p early.
->
W h a t tim e d o es she g e t up?
D i d th e y w o r k hard?
Th e y w o r k e d hard.
Yo u h a d dinner.
—>
W h a t d i d yo u h a v e for dinner?
W h a t tim e d i d sh e g e t up?
She g o t up early.
So m e tim es d o is th e m ain verb (d o yo u d o / did he d o e t c ):
0
W h a t d o yo u usually d o at w e ekends?
O
a: W h a t d o es y o ur bro th er d o?
O
a: I bro ke m y fin g er last w e e k.
b: H e w o rks in a bank.
b: How d i d yo u d o that?
( n o t H o w did yo u that?)
W h y is n ' t ... ? / W h y d o n ' t ... ? e t c ( W h y + nega tive ):
98
O
O
W h ere's John? W h y isn't h e here? ( not W h y he isn't here?)
O
W h y d i d n 't y o u p h o n e m e last night?
W h y c a n 't P a u la c o m e to th e m e e tin g t o m orro w? ( n o t W h y Paula c a n 't ... ?)
present simple questions -fr U n it 7
w hat / w hich / h o w
U nits 4 7 -4 8
past simple questions ^ U n it 12
questions 2-3 ^ U nits 4 5 -4 6
Exercises
Write questions.
1 I can swim .
2 I w o rk hard.
3 I w as late this m ornin g.
(a n d yo u?)
C a n you. s w i m ?..................
(a n d Jack?)
D o es J a c k w ork h a r d ? ..
4 I’ve g ot a key.
(a n d Kate?)
5 I'll be here to m orro w.
6 I'm going o u t this eve nin g.
(a n d yo u?)
7 I like m y jo b.
(a n d yo u?)
8 I live n ear here.
9 I e njo ye d th e film.
10 I had a g o o d holid ay.
(a n d yo u?)
(a n d Paul?)
(a n d N ic ola?)
(a n d yo u?)
(a n d yo u?)
You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
You
(h ave / a car?)
g
f l
sl
.Have you..g.ot..a c a r ? ...........
Yes, I have.
( u s e / a lot?) ..............................................................it .
Yes, nearly every day.
(use / yesterd ay?) .......................................................
Yes, to go to w ork.
(e n jo y drivin g?) ............................................................
N o t v e ry m u ch.
(a g o o d driver?) ...........................................................
I t h in k I am.
(ev er / have / an accid e nt?) .................................
N o, never.
M a k e q u est io ns w it h t h ese w o r ds. Pu t t h e w o r ds in t h e rig h t order.
1 (h as / g o ne / w h ere / D avid?)
2 (w o rkin g / Rachel / is / to d ay?)
W h ere .h as..D avid ..g o n e?.......................
Is.R a c h e l w orkin g t o d a y ? ...............
3 (t h e childre n / w h a t / are / d oin g?) W h a t ........................................................
4 (m a d e / is / h o w / ch e ese?) ........................................................................................
5 (t o th e p arty / c o m in g / is / y o ur sister?) ..........................................................
6 (y o u / th e tru th / tell / d o n't / w hy?) ...................................................................
7 (y o ur g u ests / have / ye t / arrive d?) ......................................................................
8 (le ave / w h a t tim e / y o ur train / d o es?) .............................................................
9 (t o w o rk / Em ily / w h y / go / did n't?) ..................................................................
10 (y o ur car / in th e accid e n t / w as / d am a g e d?) ...............................................
G
C o m p le t e t h e q u esti o ns.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
99
45
W ho saw you?
(questions 2)
W ho did you see?
, SIL VIA
Silvia saw Paul.
W h o sa w Paul?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him .)
W h o d i d Silvia se e?
Paul. (Sh e saw Paul.)
PAU L
Silvia
saw
!
Paul
object
subject
So m e b o d y
Silvia saw
saw Paul.
i
so m e b o d y
!
W ho
W ho
saw Paul?
w h o is th e subject
w h o is th e object
Pa ul is th e object
Silv ia is th e subject
In th ese q u estio ns, w h o / w h a t is th e subject:
O
W h o liv es in this ho use? (= so m e b o d y lives in it - w h o?)
O
( n o t W h o d o es live?)
W h a t h a p p e n e d ? ( = so m e thin g ha p p e n e d - w ha t?)
O
( n o t W h a t did ha p p en?)
W h a t's h a p p e n i n g ? (W h a t's = W h a t is)
O
W h o 's g o t m y key? (W h o's = W h o has)
In th ese q u estio ns, w h o / w h a t is th e object:
O W h o did y o u m e e t yesterd ay? (= y o u m e t so m e b o d y - w h o?)
O
O
W h a t did Pa ul say? (= Pa u l said so m e thin g - w h a t?)
O
W h a t w as Silv ia wearin g?
W h o are y o u p ho nin g?
C o m p are:
G e org e likes orang es.
W h o li k es orang es? - G e org e.
W h a t d o es G e org e like? - O ran g es.
O
Jane w o n a n e w car.
W h o w o n a n e w car? - Jane.
W h a t did Jan e win? - A n e w car.
Use w h o for p e o ple (so m e b o d y). Use w h a t for thin gs, ideas etc. (so m e th in g):
O
100
did Silvia see?
Paul. (Sh e saw Paul.)
Silvia. (Silvia saw him .)
O
.
W h o is y o ur favo urite sin g er?
W h a t is y o ur favo urite so n g?
( qu estions - > U n i ts 4 4 ,4 6
w h a t / w h ich / h o w - > U n i t 47
Exercises
M a k e q u est io ns w it h w h o o r w h a t . In t h ese q u esti o ns, w h o / w h a t is t h e su b je ct.
M a k e q u est io ns w it h w h o o r w h a t (su b je c t o r o b ject).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Yo u w a n t t h e m issin g in f o r m a ti o n ( X X X X X ). W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h w h o o r w h a t .
V s____________________________________ .
I lost X X X X X yesterd ay, b ut fortu n ate ly
X X X X X fo u n d it an d gave it b ack to me.
/ £ .
..What djd you Jose?..
Who found it?
X X X X X p h o n e d m e last nig ht. She w a n te d
W h o ...
XXXXX.
W h a t.
I n e e d e d so m e advice, so I aske d X X X X X .
H e said X X X X X .
I hear th a t X X X X X go t m arrie d last w e e k.
X X X X X to ld me.
I m e t X X X X X on m y w ay h o m e this
evenin g. She to ld m e X X X X X .
Steve an d I playe d te nnis yesterday.
X X X X X w o n. A ft e r th e ga m e w e X X X X X .
It w as m y b irth d ay last w e e k an d I had
so m e presents. X X X X X gave m e a b o o k
an d C a th erin e gave m e X X X X X .
101
Unit
46
W ho is she talking to?
a (questions 3)
W ha t is it like?
Jessica is talkin g to so m e b o dy.
W h o is she talkin g t o?
In q u estio ns b e gin nin g W h o . . . I I W h a t ... ? / W h e r e ... ? / W h ic h ... ?, pre p ositio ns (t o / f r o m / w i t h
e tc.) usually go at th e end:
O
' W h e re are yo u fr o m?'
O
'Jack w as afraid.'
'I'm fro m Thailan d.'
' W h a t w as he afraid of?'
O
' W h o d o these b o o ks b elo ng to?'
O
'Tom's fa th er is in hospital.'
O
'Kate is going on holiday.'
O
'Can w e talk?'
'Th ey're mine.'
' W h ic h h osp i t a l is he in?'
' W h o w it h?' / ' W h o is she going w it h?'
'Sure. W h a t d o yo u w a n t to talk a b o u t?'
W h a t's it li k e? / W h a t ar e t h e y li k e? etc.
W h a t's it like? = W h a t is it like?
W h a t 's it li k e? = tell m e so m e thin g
a b o u t it - is it g o o d or b a d big or
sm a ll o ld or n e w (etc.)?
very big. ^
W h e n w e say ' W h a t is it lik e?' li k e is a preposition. It is n o t th e verb li k e ('D o yo u li k e yo ur n e w
house?' etc.).
O
a : Th ere's a n e w restauran t in o ur stre et.
b: W h a t's it lik e? Is it go od?
o
a
: I d o n't know. I haven't eaten th ere yet.
a
: W h a t 's yo ur n e w te ach er lik e?
b:
O
: I m e t Nicola's p arents yesterday.
a
b:
O
She's very g o o d. W e learn a lot.
Did yo u? W h a t are th ey like?
a
: Th e y're very nice.
a
: D id yo u have a g o o d holiday? W h a t was th e w e a th er lik e?
b:
It w as lovely. It w as su n ny every day.
( questions 1 -2
U nits 4 4 -4 5
w ha t / w hich / h o w
U nit 47
prep ositio ns 4 U nits 103-113
Exercises
Yo u w a n t t h e m issin g in f o r m a ti o n (X X X X X ). W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h w h o o r w h a t .
1 (
T ^ e leccer is fro m X X X X X .) .... ( .... W h o js t h e l e f f i e r f r o m ? ................................................................... ^
2 (
I'm lo o kin g for a X X X X X .)
( w h a t ......................... y o u ..........................................................................
I)
3 f l w e n t co che cin e m a wich X X X X X .)
f ................................................................................................)
4 (
Th e fi I m w as a b o u t X X X X X .)
( ..............................................................................................
5 (
I gave th e m o n e y to X X X X X .)
( ..............................................................................................
6 f Th e b o o k w as w ritte n by XXXXX. ~ )
I)
(*............................................................................................... J l
1 ^ 3 1 W ri t e q u esti o ns a b o u t t h e p e o p le in t h e p ict u res. Use t h ese ver bs + a p re p osit io n:
go
list e n
lo o k
t a lk
talk
w ait
It was
vary good
1
W h o js .s h e M lk l n a .t o ?
4 W h a t ............
2 W h a t ................... t h e y ............................................................
5 W h a t .............
3 W h ic h re st a u ra n t................................................................
6 W h ic h b us.
W ri t e q u est io ns b e g in nin g W h ic h ... ?
^ 2 2 0 1 Y ° u w a n t so m e in f o r m a ti o n a b o u t a n o t h e r c o u n tr y. Yo u ask so m e b o d y w h o has b ee n t h ere. A sk
q u esti o ns w it h W h a t is / a r e ... li k e?
1 (t h e ro ads)
2 (t h e fo o d )
............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
3 (t h e p e o p le)
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
4 (t h e w e a th er)
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
A sk q u est io ns w it h W h a t w as / w e r e ... li k e?
1 Yo ur frie n d has just c o m e b ack fro m holiday. A sk a b o u t th e weather.
W ha t was t ha.waat har.lika?............................
2 Yo ur frie n d has just c o m e b ack fro m th e cin e m a. A sk a b o u t th e film.
3 Yo ur frie n d has just finish e d an English co urse. A sk a b o u t th e lessons.
4 Yo ur frie n d has just c o m e b ack fro m holiday. A sk a b o u t th e hotel.
..................................................................................................................................................................................
103
U nit
W h a t ...?
W hich...?
47
(questions 4)
H o w ...?
noun ( W h a t c o l o u r ... ? / W h a t k in d ... ? e tc.)
W hat +
W h a t c o l o u r is y o ur car?
W h a t c o l o u r are y o ur eyes?
W h a t siz e is this shirt?
O
W h a t m a k e is y o ur T V ?
W h a t t i m e is it?
O
W h a t d a y is it to day?
W h a t k i n d o f jo b d o yo u w an t?
(roWh a t t y p e o f jo b ... ? / W h a t so r t o f jo b ... ?)
W h a t w it h o u t a n o un:
W ha t's y o ur favo urite colo ur?
W h a t d o yo u w a n t to d o tonight?
W h ic h + noun (thin gs or p e o p le):
W h ic h t r a i n did yo u c a tch - th e 9.50 or th e 10.30?
W h ic h d o c t o r did yo u see - D o c t o r Ellis, D o c t o r G ray or D o c t o r Hill?
W e use w h ic h w it h o u t a n o u n for thin gs, n o t p e o ple:
W h ic h is bigger - C a n a d a or A ustralia?
W e use w h o for p e o ple (w it h o u t a n o u n):
W h o is taller - Jo e or G ary? ( n o t W h ic h is taller?)
W h a t or w h ic h?
W e use w h ic h w h e n w e are thin kin g a b o u t a small n u m b er o f p ossibilities (p erh a ps 2, 3 or 4):
O
W e can go this w ay or th a t way.
?
W h ic h w a y shall w e go?
•
Th ere are fo ur u m brellas here.
or
7•
W h ic h is yo urs?
7•
or
or
7•
W H IC H ?
W h a t is m ore general:
W ha t's th e ca p ital o f A rg e ntin a? (o f all th e cities in A rg e n tin a)
W h a t so r t o f m usic d o yo u like? (o f all kin ds o f m usic)
C o m p are:
W h a t c o l o u r are his eyes? ( not W h ic h c olo ur?)
W h ic h c o l o u r d o yo u prefer, p i n k o r y e llo w?
O
W h a t is th e long est river in th e w orld?
W h ic h is th e lo ng est river - t h e M ississi p p i, t h e A m a z o n o r t h e N ile?
H o w . .. ?
O
'H o w w as th e p arty last night?'
O
'H o w d o yo u usually go to w ork?'
'It w as great.'
'By bus.'
Yo u can use h o w + a djective / a dverb (h o w t a ll / h o w o l d / h o w o f t e n e tc.):
t a ll are you?'
'I'm 1 m etre 70.'
big is th e house?'
'N o t very big.'
o l d is y o ur m other?'
How
'She's 45.'
f a r is it fro m here to th e airp ort?'
o f t e n d o yo u use y o ur car?'
lo n g have th e y been marrie d?'
m u c h w as th e meal?'
104
( questions
4 U n i ts 4 4 - 4 6
'Five kilo m etres.'
'Every day.'
'Ten years.'
'T h irty pounds.'
H o w lo n g d o es it t a k e? ->• U n i t 48
w h ic h o n e(s)
U n i t 75
3
Exercises
W ri t e q u esti o ns w it h w h a t .
1
2
3
r
\ N___________
a
I've g ot a n e w TV.
1 w a n t a jo b.
(m ake?)
(kin d?)
1 b o u g ht a n e w sweater.
(c o lo ur?)
1 g ot up early this m ornin g.
1 like m usic.
5
6
1 w a n t to b uy a car.
V
7
J
4
(tim e?)
(typ e?)
Jk in d ?)
C o m p l e t e t h e q u esti o ns. Use W h ic h ... ?
C B 9
W ri t e w h a t / w h ic h / w h o .
1
2
W h a t ..... is th a t man's name?
7 ....................... is m ore exp e nsiv e, m e at or fish?
W hic h..... w ay shall w e go? Left or right?
8 ....................... is older, Liz or Steve?
3 Yo u can have tea or c o ffe e............................
9 ....................... kin d o f ca m era have yo u got?
10
d o yo u prefer?
4 '....................... day is it today?'
'Friday.'
a
: I have thre e ca m eras.
b:
5 This is a nice o ffic e ............................. d esk is yours?
.........................c a m era d o yo u use most?
11 ....................... n a tio n ality are yo u?
6 ....................... is y o ur favo urite sp ort?
G9
C o m p le t e t h e q u esti o ns w it h H o w + a d je ct iv e or a d ve rb (h i g h / l o n g e tc.).
C O
W ri t e q u est io ns w it h H o w ... ?
H o w t a il a r e y o u ?
1 A re yo u 1 m etre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
2 Is this b ox o n e kilo gra m? Tw o? Thre e? .......................
3 A re yo u 20 years old? 22 ? 25?......................... .......................
4 D id yo u sp e n d £20? £30? £50?
.......................
5 D o yo u w a tch T V every day? O n c e a w e ek?
N ever?
6 Is it 1000 miles fro m Paris to M osc o w? 1500? 2000 ?
105
U nit
48
How long does it take ... ?
H o w l o n g d o es it t a k e fro m . . . to
H o w lo ng d o es i t t a k e by plane fro m N e w Yo rk to
W ashin g to n?
New'I'W
It t a k es an hour.
/ k
>?
€o
*
" ,
O
H o w long d o es it t a k e by train fro m Lo n d o n to M anch ester?
It t a k es tw o h o urs by train fro m Lo n d o n to M anch ester.
O
H o w long d o es it t a k e by car fro m y o ur h o use to th e statio n?
O
It t a k es ten m in u tes by car fro m m y h o use to th e statio n.
H o w lo n g d o es it t a k e t o do so m ethin g?
d o es
H o w long
did
it t a k e t o ... ?
w ill
t a k es
a week
took
a long tim e
w ill t a k e
thre e h o urs
d o esn 't
d i d n 't
take
to
long
w o n 't
H o w long d o es it t a k e t o cr oss th e A tla n tic by ship?
'I ca m e by train.'
'D id yo u? H o w long d i d it t a k e (t o g e t here)?'
H o w long w ill it t a k e t o g e t fro m here to th e hotel?
It t a k es a long tim e t o le a r n a language.
It d o esn 't t a k e long t o c o o k an o m ele tte.
It w o n 't t a k e long t o fix th e c o m p u ter.
H o w l o n g d o es i t t a k e y o u t o d o so m ethin g?
d o es
H o w long
did
yo u
it t a k e
w ill
It
t a k es
me
a week
To m
a long tim e
w ill t a k e
th e m
thre e ho urs
I starte d re ading th e b o o k on M o n d ay.
It t o o k m e thre e days t o re a d it.
H o w lo ng w ill i t t a k e m e t o le a r n to drive?
It t a k es T o m 20 m in u tes t o g e t to w o rk in th e m ornin g.
D i d it t a k e y o u a long tim e t o f in d a jo b?
106
It w ill t a k e m e an h o ur t o c o o k dinner.
t o ... ?
th e m
took
I fin ish e d it on W e d n esd ay evening.
It t o o k us an h o ur t o d o th e sh o p pin g.
To m
t o ...
Exercises
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res an d w ri t e q u esti o ns w it h H o w l o n g ... ?
CIT Y
CE N TRE
FRANCE
i
Rome
v
S W IT Z ERL A N D
AIRP O RT
1
Howjon0dpe5.it. fake by.plane fro
3 ............................................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................................
H o w lo n g d o es it t a k e t o d o t h ese t hin gs? W ri t e full se n t e nces.
1 fly fro m y o ur c ity / c o u n try to Lo n d o n
It t p k p s t w p .h p u r o t p .f ly f m
................
2 fly fro m y o ur c ity / c o u n try to N e w York
3 stu dy to be a d o c t o r in y o ur c o u n try
4 w alk fro m y o ur h o m e to th e nearest sho p
5 get fro m y o ur h o m e to th e n earest airp ort
W ri t e q u est io ns w it h H o w l o n g d i d it t a k e ... ?
1 (Jan e fo u n d a jo b .)
H.pw.|pn 0 d .id .it.t a
.......................
2 (I w alke d to the statio n.)
..................................................................... y o u ....................................
3 (To m p ainte d th e b a thro o m .)
...................................................................................................................
4 (I le arnt to ski.)
...................................................................................................................
5 (T h e y re p aire d th e car.).......................................................................................................................................
Read t h e sit u a ti o ns a n d w ri t e se n t e n ces w it h It t o o k . . . .
1 I read a b o o k last w e e k. I starte d reading it on M o n d ay. I finish e d it thre e days later.
I t t p p k m p .t h r p p . d a y s t p
...........................................................................................
2 W e w alke d h o m e last night. W e left at 10 o'clo ck an d w e arrive d h o m e at 10.20.
3 I le arnt to drive last year. I had m y first drivin g lesson in January. I passe d m y drivin g test six
m o n ths later.
4 M ark drove to Lo n d o n yesterday. H e left h o m e at 7 o'clo ck an d g ot to Lo n d o n at 10.
5 Lisa began lo okin g for a jo b a long tim e ago. She g ot a jo b last w e ek.
6 Write a sentence a bo u t yourself.
U nit
w m
Do you kno w where ... ?
I don't kno w w h a t ... etc
Do you know
where Paula \e
W e say:
but
W h ere
is
Pa u la?
D o y o u k n o w w h ere P a u la
is ?
( n o t D o yo u k n o w w h ere is Paula?)
In th e sa m e w ay w e say:
I know
I d o n't k n o w
C a n yo u tell m e
w h ere P a u la is.
C o m p are:
W h o a r e t h ose p e o p le?
bu t
w h o t h ose p e o p l e ar e
Do you know
H o w old is N ico la?
C a n y o u t e ll m e
W h a t tim e is it?
W h ere c a n I go?
h o w old N ic o la is
w h a t tim e i t is
w h ere I c a n go
H o w m u ch is t h is c a m e r a?
I know
W h e n a r e y o u going away?
I d o n 't k n o w
W h ere h a v e t h e y go ne?
I d o n 't r e m e m b e r
W h a t w as K a t e wearing?
h o w m u ch t h is c a m e r a is
w h e n y o u 'r e going away
w h ere t h e y h a v e g one
w h a t K a t e w as w e arin g
Q u estio ns w ith d o / d o es / d i d ( present sim ple an d p a st sim ple )
d o es h e liv e
W h ere
but
D o y o u k n o w w h ere
I
h e li v es
?
? ( n o t D o yo u k n o w w h ere d o es he live?)
C o m p are:
H o w d o a ir p la n e s fly?
but
W h a t d o es Ja n e want?
W h y d i d sh e go ho m e?
Do you kno w
h o w a ir p l a n e s fly
I d o n 't k n o w
w h a t Ja n e w a n ts
I d o n't re m e m b e r
W h ere d i d I p u t th e key?
I know
Q u estio ns b e gin nin g Is . . . ? / D o .
w h y sh e w e n t h o m e
w h ere I p u t th e key
* / C a n ... ? etc. (y es/ n o q u estio ns)
C o m p are:
Is Jac k at h o m e?
H a v e t h e y g ot a car?
bu t
D o you know
D o t h e y live n ear here?
I d o n't k n o w
Yo u can use if or w h e t h e r in th ese sentences:
O
D o yo u k n o w if th ey've g ot a car? or
D o yo u k n o w w h e t h e r th ey've g ot a car?
O
I d o n't k n o w if an yb o d y saw me. or
I d o n't k n o w w h e t h e r anyb o d y saw me.
108
if
or
C a n Be n swim?
D i d a n y b o d y see yo u?
Ja c k is at h o m e
w hether
t h e y 'v e g o t a car
Be n c a n swim
t h e y li v e near here
a n y b o d y sa w yo u
?
Exercises
( 2 1
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces.
1 (H o w d o airplan es fly?)
2 (W h e re d o es Susan w ork?)
D o yo u k n o w
h p w airp la n e o .fly...
I d o n't k n o w ...............................................
3 (W h a t did Peter say?)
D o yo u re m e m b e r...................................
4 (W h y did he go h o m e early?)
5 (W h a t tim e d o es th e m e etin g begin?)
I d o n't k n o w ...............................................
6 (H o w did th e accid e n t ha p p en?)
I d o n't re m e m b e r.....................................
D o yo u k n o w ..............................................
W h ic h is righ t?
1 D o yo u k n o w w h a t tim e 4s4t- / it is? (D o yo u k n o w w h a t tim e it is? is right )
2 W h y are yo u / yo u are going away?
3 I d o n't k n o w w h ere are th e y / th e y are going.
4 Can yo u tell m e w h ere is th e m use u m / the m use u m is?
5 W h ere d o yo u w a n t / yo u w a n t to go for y o ur holidays?
6 D o yo u k n o w w h a t d o ele p ha nts eat / ele p ha nts e at?
7 I d o n't k n o w h o w far is it / it is fro m th e hotel to th e statio n.
^ 2 2 1 W ri t e q u est io ns w it h D o y o u k n o w i f .
1 (H ave th e y got a car?)
2 (A re th e y m arrie d?)
Do you know.if ^ ayya.g p t.a.car?.
D o yo u k n o w ...................................................
3 (D o es Sue k n o w Bill?)
4 (W ill G ary be here to m o rro w?)
5 (D id he pass his exa m ?)
I W ri t e q u est io ns b e g in nin g D o y o u k n o w ..
1 (W h a t d o es Laura w an t?)
..Poyoukn w
D o.
2 (W h e re is Paula?)
3 (Is sh e w orkin g to d ay?)
4 (W h a t tim e d o es sh e start w ork?)
5 (A re th e sh o ps o p en to m orro w?)
6 (W h ere d o Sarah an d Jack live?)
7 (D id th e y go to Jane's p arty?)
^ j | Q | Use y o u r o w n id eas t o c o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces.
1 D o yo u k n o w w h y
t.b.a. b us w a s j a t e .
2 D o yo u k n o w w h a t t i m e ................................
3 Excuse m e; can yo u tell m e w h e r e ...........
4 I d o n't k n o w w h a t ..............................................
5 D o yo u k n o w i f ....................................................
6 D o yo u k n o w h o w m u c h ..............................
U nit
50
She said t h a t ...
He t old me t h a t .,
Last week you went to a party. A lot of your friends
were there. Here are some things they said to you:
C L A RE
To d ay yo u m e e t Paul. Yo u tell him a b o u t th e
party. Yo u tell Paul w h a t y o ur frie n ds said:
m enjoying my new j o b j
SARA H
I We're going to
^ '
O
She said th a t her fa th er wasn't
well.
O
are —> were
buy a house.
Clare said th a t she was e njo yin g
her n e w jo b.
am |
—> was
is J
fa ther isn't w e l Q
O
Sarah an d Ben said th a t th ey
were going to buy a ho use.
BEN
I have to leave early. ^
have 1
has !
My sister has
O
• had
O
gone to Australia.
Peter said th a t he had to leave
ear|y-
H e said th a t his sister had go ne
to A ustralia.
KATE
f I can't find a job ^J
S TEVE
can
phone y o u .}
will —> w o uld
*
R A C HEL
*
lo ok —> looked
feel —> felt
etc.
( —>
O
Steve said th a t he w o uld p h o n e
O
Rachel said th a t she d id n't like
O
She said th a t her son d id n't like
( present )
said)
H e said th a t he w as tire d.
W h a t did she say to yo u?
( n o t say y o u)
O
O
M ik e said th a t I looked tire d.
I said th a t I felt fine.
etc.
( p a st )
tell (- > told)
O H e told me th a t he w as tire d.
( n o t H e said m e)
O
O
sch o o l.
I feel fin e.
say
^ ate sa ^ t ^iat s ^e co uld n't fin d
a jo b.
her jo b.
did
( You look tired " )
YO U
O
me.
J I don't like my job. )
f son doesn't
like school.
M,KE
could
O
( n o t H e told t h a t)
W h a t did sh e tell you?
( n o t tell to y o u)
W e say he said to me, I said to A nn etc.
W e say he told me, I told A nn etc.
( n o t 'he said m e' 'I said A n n').
( n o t 'he told to me', 'I to ld to A n n').
Yo u can say:
110
O
H e said th a t he w as tire d, or H e said he w as tire d, ( w ith o u t t h a t)
O
Kate told m e th a t she c o uld n't fin d a jo b. or Kate told m e sh e c o uld n't fin d a jo b.
( I t o l d y o u t o ... ^ U n i t S3
Exercises
6
D
Read w h a t t h ese p e o p le say an d w ri t e se n t e n ces w it h H e / Sh e / T h e y sa i d ( t h a t ) . . . .
| ^ J ' v e lost my watch?^
...He said
ve >7 b usy.}
< *1
JS
^ f \ can't go to the party. ^
^ ,/ j'v e just come back from holiday.^
i f \ have to go o u t ^
g °'ng tQ buV a guitar. ^
10
^ Jj'n n learning Russian. ^
g g |
^
^ / ^ We haven't got a k e y )
y se t h e p ict u res t o c o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces.
1 I m e t Clare last w e e k. She s a i d s h e w as.e n jo yin g .h e r n e w j p b .
2 Em m a did n't w a n t a n ythin g to eat. She s a i d ...........................................
3 I w a n te d to b orro w M ike's ladder, b ut he s a i d ........................................
4 H an n ah w as invit e d to th e party, b ut she s a i d ........................................
5 Susan t o ld m e she d id n't w a n t th e picture. She s a i d .........................
6 M artin has just go ne aw ay on holiday. H e s a i d .....................................
7 I w as lo okin g for Ro b ert. N ic ola s a i d ............................................................
8 'W h y did D avid stay at ho m e?'
9 'H as M ary go ne out?'
'H e s a i d ..................................................
'I t h in k so. She s a i d .............................................
C T i W ri t e sa y / sa i d o r t e ll / t o l d .
1
He
said.
he w as tired.
2 W h a t did she
3 Anna
4 Ja c k
5 Please d o n 't
6 D id L u c y
you?
sh e did n't like Peter.
m e th at yo u w ere ill.
Dan w h a t ha p p en e d.
she w o u ld be late?
7 Th e w o m a n
sh e w as a re p orter.
8 Th e w o m a n
us sh e w as a re p orter.
9 Th e y aske d m e a lo t o f q u estio ns, b ut I
d i d n 't............... th e m a nythin g.
10 Th e y aske d m e a lo t o f q u estio ns, b ut I
d i d n 't............... anythin g.
U nit
51
w ork / w orkin g
go/ going
do / doing
w o r k / g o / b e ecc. ( infinitive )
w ill / c a n / m u st etc. + infinitive:
O
A n n a w ill b e here so on.
O
Sh a ll I o p e n th e w in d o w?
O
I m i g h t p h o n e yo u later.
O
M a y I si t here?
O
U n its 2 7 - 2 8
—> U n it 29
I c a n ' t m e e t yo u t o m orro w.
U n it 30
C o u l d yo u p ass th e salt, p le ase?.
O
It's late. I m u st go now.
O
Yo u sh o u l d n ' t w o r k so hard.
—>U n it 32
O
W o u l d yo u li k e so m e coffee?
—» U n it 34
- » U n it 31
d o / d o es / d i d + infinitive:
d o / d o es
( prese n t sim ple )
o
O
O
D o yo u w o r k?
U n its 6 - 7
Th e y d o n ' t w o r k very hard.
H elen d o e sn ’t k n o w m a ny p e o ple.
o
H o w m u ch d o es it c ost?
did
O
W h a t tim e d i d th e train lea ve?
( p a st sim ple )
O
W e d i d n ’t sle e p well.
U n it 12
t o w o r k / t o g o / t o b e etc. (t o + infinitive )
(I'm ) g o in g t o ...
(I) h a v e t o ...
(I) w a n t t o ...
(I) w o u l d li k e t o ...
(I) use d t o ...
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
I'm g o in g t o p la y te n nis t o m orro w.
- 4 U n it 26
W h a t a r e yo u g o in g t o d o?
I h a v e t o go now.
- > U n it 33
Every b o d y h as t o eat.
D o yo u w a n t t o go out?
- » U n it 52
Th e y d o n't w a n t t o c o m e w ith us.
I'd li k e t o t a l k to yo u.
—> U n it 34
W o u l d yo u li k e t o go out?
D ave use d t o w o r k in a factory.
—¥ U n it 36
w o r k in g / g o in g / p l a y in g etc.
a m / is / a r e + -in g
O
Please be q uie t. I'm w o r k in g .
( presen t con tinuous)
O
To m isn ’t w o r k i n g to day.
O
W h a t tim e a r e yo u g o in g out?
—> U n its 3 - 4 , 8,2 5
w as / w e r e + -in g
O
It w as rain in g , so w e did n't go o u t.
( p a st con tinuous)
O
W h a t w e r e yo u d o in g at 11.30 yesterd ay?
f verbs 7 t o ~ a n d -ing (I want to do / 1enjoy doing) -» Unit 52
- > U n its 13 - 1 4
go and -ing -» Unit 55
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n c es. W r i t e :... p h o n e P a u l o r . . . t o p h o n e P a u l.
1 I'll
6 D o yo u h a v e
pho ne Pa u l.....................................................................
2 I'm g o in g
t o .p h o n e P a u l..............................................
7 Yo u s h o u l d ........
Paul?
8 I w a n t .....................
3 Can y o u
4 Shall I .......................................................................................... ? 9 I m i g h t ...................
5 I'd lik e .......................................................................................... 10 Yo u m u s t ............
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h a ve r b fr o m t h e box. So m e t i m es y o u n e e d t h e in fin it iv e (w o r k / g o
e tc.) a n d so m e t i m es y o u n e e d - m g (w o r k in g / g o in g e tc.).
d o / d o in g
g e t / g e t tin g
sle e p / sle e p i n g
e a t / e a tin g
g o / g o in g
sta y /st a y in g
w e a r / w e a rin g
fly / fly in g
l is t e n / l is t e n i n g
w ait / w a itin g
w o rk / w o rk in g
1 Please be q uie t. I'm workin g......
2 I feel tire d to day. I d i d n 't slo o p
w a tch / w a tch in g
very well last night.
3 W h a t tim e d o yo u u su a lly.........................................up in th e m ornin g?
4 'W h ere are y o u
?'
'To th e office.'
5 Did y o u .......................................T V last night?
6 Lo o k at th a t plane! It's........................................ ve ry low.
7 Yo u can turn o ff th e radio. I'm n o t ........................................ to it.
8 Th e y d i d n 't ....................................... a n ythin g b ecause th e y w ere n't hungry.
9 M y frie n ds w e r e
for m e w h e n I arrive d.
10 'D o es Susan a lw a ys....................................... glasses?' 'N o, o nly for reading.'
11 'W h a t are y o u ........................................ tonig ht?' 'I'm .......................................... at ho m e.'
g
f i
Pu t t h e verb in t h e c o rr e c t f or m. C h o o se fro m:
t h e in fini tiv e (w o r k / g o e tc.) o r
t o ... (t o w o r k / t o go e tc.) or
-in g ( w o r k in g / g o in g e tc.)
1 Shall I
op e n ............................. th e w in d o w? (o p e n)
now. (g o)
2 It's late. I h a v e .........................%Q.QQ.
3
A m a n d a isn 't................................... w o rk in g
this w e e k. She's on holiday, (w o rk)
4 I'm tire d. I d o n't w a n t ........................................ o u t. (g o)
5 It m i g h t ......................................................... , so take an u m brella w ith yo u. (ra in)
6 W h a t tim e d o yo u h a v e
t o m o rro w m ornin g? (le ave)
7 I'm sorry I c a n 't........................................ yo u. (h e lp )
8
M y bro th er is a stu d e n t. H e's........................................p hysics, (stu d y)
9 W o u ld yo u lik e ........................................ on a trip ro u n d th e w orld? (g o)
10
W h e n yo u saw M aria, w h a t w as s h e .........................................? (w e ar)
11 W h e n yo u go to Lo n d o n, w h ere are yo u g o in g
? (stay)
12 I'm hun gry. I m u s t ........................................ so m e thin g to eat. (h ave)
13 'W here's G ary?'
'H e 's
a bath.' (h ave)
14
I u s e d .................................................................. a car, b u t I sold it last year, (h ave)
15
H e sp o ke very quie tly. I c o u l d n 't....................................... him . (h e ar)
16 Yo u d o n't lo o k well. I d o n't t h in k yo u s h o u l d ........................................ to w o rk to day, (g o)
17
I d o n't k n o w w h a t he said. I w a s n 't........................................ to him . (liste n)
18 I misse d th e bus an d h a d
19
I w a n t .............................................w h a t
h o m e, (w a lk)
ha p p en e d, (k n o w ) Yo u m u s t ......................... me. (t e ll)
20 M ay I ........................................ this b o ok? (b o rro w )
Unit
52
to ... (I w an t to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs
+ to . . . (I want to do)
want plan
decide
hope expect offer
need promise refuse
try
forget
learn
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be e tc.)
want to do this evenin g?
O Its n o t very late. W e d o n't need to go h o m e yet.
O Tin a has decided to sell her car.
O Yo u forgot to switch o ff th e light w h e n yo u w e n t
O M y bro th er is learning to drive.
O I tried to read m y b o ok, b ut I w as to o tire d.
O
verbs
W h a t d o yo u
o u t.
+ -ing (I enjoy doing)
enjoy stop
mind finish
suggest
+ -ing (doing / working / being e t c )
^1 enjoy dancing
I enjoy dancing. ( not e njoy to d a nce)
I d o n't mind getting up early.
H as it stopped raining?
So nia suggested going to th e cin e m a.
H
verbs
+ -ing or to ...
like
prefer
love start
hate begin
continue
+ -ing (doing e t c )
or
to ... (to do e tc.)
like getting up early? or D o yo u like to get up
prefer travelling by car. or I prefer to travel by car.
A n n a loves dancing, or A n n a loves to dance.
I hate being late, or I hate to be late.
It started raining, or It started to rain.
D o yo u
early?
I
would like to ...
etc.
would like
would love
would prefer would hate
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be e tc.)
would like to meet yo u.
I'd love to go to A ustralia. (I'd = I would)
'Would yo u like to sit d o w n?' 'N o, I'd prefer to stand, th a n k you.'
I like this a p art m e n t. I wouldn't like to move.
I live in a sm all villag e. I'd hate to live in a big city.
Amy
114
( w o u l d like - » U n i t 34
I w a n t y o u t o ...
» U n i t 53
go + -in g ^ U n i t 55
preposition + -in g
» U nit
11J"*)
Exercises
Put t h e verb in t h e rig h t f or m, t o ... o r -in g.
I e n j o y .... d a n cin g .......
8 T h e w e a th er w as nice, so I sug g ested
(d a n c e)
............................... for a w alk by th e river, (g o)
W h a t d o yo u w a n t ....T o d o .....
9 W here's Ben? He p ro m is e d ...............................
here on tim e, (b e)
tonig ht? (d o )
Bye! I h o p e ............................... yo u again
10 I'm n o t in a hurry. I d o n't m in d
so on, (se e)
.................................
I l e a rn t............................... w h e n I w as
(w a it)
11 W h a t have yo u d e c i d e d ............................... ? (d o )
12 Dan w as an gry an d re fu s e d ...............................
five years old. (sw im )
H ave yo u fin ish e d ............................... th e
to me. (sp e a k)
kitch en? (cle a n)
W h ere's A n n a? I n e e d ...............................
13 I'm tire d. I w a n t ............................... to bed. (g o)
her so m e thin g , (ask)
14 I w as very u pse t an d st a rt e d ................................. (c ry)
D o yo u e n j o y ............................... o th er
15 I'm try in g .................................
co un tries? (visit)
s t o p .................................
(w o rk)
Please
(t a lk)
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces usin g t o ... o r ing. Use t h ese verbs:
go
help
lose
rain
1 'H ave yo u ever been to A ustralia?'
re a d
see
se n d
w ait
w atch
t o .g o .....
'N o, b ut I'd l o v e
2 A m y had a lo t to do, so I o ff e re d ....................................... her.
3 I'm surprise d th a t yo u're here. I did n't e x p e c t ........................................ yo u.
4 Kate has a lo t o f b o oks. She e n jo ys.........................................
5 This ring w as m y gran d m o th er's. Id hate.........................................it.
6 D o n't f o rg e t
us a p ostcard w h e n yo u're on holiday.
7 I'm n o t g oing o u t until it st o p s.........................................
*
8 W h a t shall w e d o this aftern o o n? W o u ld yo u lik e ........................................ to th e beach?
9 W h e n I'm tire d in th e evenings, I lik e ........................................ TV.
10 'Shall w e go now?'
£ £ )
'N o, Id p re f e r........................................ a fe w minutes.'
C o m p le t e t h e answ ers t o t h e q u esti o ns.
/7
D o yo u usually get up early?
Yes, I lik e
t o g e t . u p .e a rly................................................................
D o yo u ever go to m use u ms?
Yes, I e n j o y ...................................................................................................
W o u ld yo u like to go to a
N o, I'm hungry. I'd p re fe r....................................................................
m use u m now?
D o yo u drive a lot?
to a restaurant.
N o, I d o n't lik e ...........................................................................................
H ave yo u ever been to N e w York?
N o, b ut I'd l o v e ........................................................................o n e day.
D o yo u often travel by train?
Yes, I e n j o y ...................................................................................................
Shall w e w alk h o m e or take a taxi?
I d o n't m i n d ........................................................................., b ut a taxi
w o u ld be quicker.
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. W ri t e a b o u t y o urself. Use t o ... o r -in g.
I e n j o y ....................................................................................................................
I d o n't lik e ............................................................................................................
If it's a nice day t o m orro w, I'd lik e .........................................................
W h e n I'm on holiday, I lik e .......................................................................
I d o n't m i n d ........................................................................................... , b u t.
I w o u ld n't lik e ....................................................................................................
- A d d i t i o n a l e x ercise 32 (page 268)
115
U nit
53
I told you to
I w ant you to ...
I w a n t y o u t o ...
T h e w o m a n w a n ts t o go.
T h e man d o esn 't w a n t th e w o m a n t o go.
H e w a n ts her t o st ay.
W e say:
you
I want
so m e b o d y
t o d o so m e thin g
Sa ra h
I w a n t y o u t o b e happy. ( not I w a n t th a t yo u are ha p p y)
T h e y did n't w a n t a n y b o d y t o k n o w th e ir secret.
D o yo u w a n t m e t o le n d yo u so m e m o n ey?
W e use w o u l d li k e in th e sam e way:
W o u l d yo u li k e m e t o le n d yo u so m e m o n ey?
W e also use this stru c ture w ith:
verb
ask
Sue
t e ll
I
+
so m e b o d y + t o ...
ask e d
a frie n d
t o le n d
her so m e m o n ey.
told
yo u
t o be
careful.
a d v ise
W h a t d o yo u
a d v ise
me
t o d o?
ex p ect
I did n't
ex p ect
th e m
t o be
here.
p e rsu a d e d
G ary
to co m e
w ith us.
a m te ach in g
m y bro th er
t o sw i m .
p e rsu a d e
We
te ach
I
I t o l d yo u t o ... / 1 t o l d yo u n o t t o ...
(P o n ’t wait for me. ^
JA N E
ME
PAU L
—> Jane t o l d m e t o w a i t for her.
» Paul t o l d Sue n o t t o w a i t for him.
m a k e an d le t
A ft e r m a k e an d let, w e d o not use to:
He's very fun ny. H e m a k es m e lau g h. ( not m akes m e to laugh)
A t sch o o l o ur te ach er m a d e us w o r k v ery hard.
I did n't have m y p h o n e w ith me, so Sue le t m e use hers. ( not let m e to use)
Yo u can say Le t's ... (= Le t us) w h e n yo u w a n t p e o p le to d o thin gs w ith yo u:
C o m e on! Le t's d a n ce.
'D o yo u w a n t to go o u t tonig ht?'
116
'N o, I'm tire d. Le t's st a y at home.'
1
( L e t 's...
U n i t 35
S UE
H e t o l d m e t h a t ... ^ U n i t 50
Exercises
W ri t e se n t e n ces b e g in nin g I w a n t y o u ... / 1 d o n 't w a n t y o u ... / D o y o u w a n t m e .
1 (y o u m ust c o m e w ith m e)
2 (liste n carefully)
I w a n t ...
3 (p le ase d o n't be an gry)
I d o n 't ....
4 (shall I w ait for yo u?)
Do y o u .
..................................................
5 (d o n't call m e t o nig h t)
6 (y o u m ust m e e t Sarah)
Lo o k a t t h e p ict u res a n d c o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces.
®
r Comeonl L e t ’ss ^
go t o t h e cinema!
It ’s a good film.
.....
TOM
D an p e rsu a d e d
®
® ( Where’s th e st a tio n? ^ ®
PAU L
YO U
S UE
YO U
(C a n you help m e ? ):
AMY
YO U
. ^ . ^ .So.g p.tp.th e cin e m a ........
I w a n te d to get to th e statio n. A w o m a n t o l d .
Ben w asn't well. I a d v ise d .............................................
Laura had a lot o f luggage. She a s k e d ...................
I w as t o o busy to talk to To m . I t o l d .....................
I w a n te d to m ake a p h o n e call. Paul l e t ..............
Sue is going to call m e later. I t o l d ..........................
A m y's m o th er t a u g h t ......................................................
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e n ces w it h t h e ver bs in t h e list. So m e t i m es t o is n ecessary (t o go / t o w a i t
e tc.); so m e t im es t o is n o t n ecessary ( g o / w a i t e tc.).
a rr i v e
b o rro w
get
go
m ake
re peat
t e ll
t h in k
w ait
1 Please stay here. I d o n't w a n t y o u To g o yet.
2 I did n't he ar w h a t she said, so I aske d h e r................................................ it.
3 'Shall w e begin?' 'N o, le t's................................................ a few minutes.'
4 A re th e y alre ady here? I exp e ct e d t h e m ................................................ m u ch later.
5 Kevin's p arents did n't w a n t h i m ................................................ m arrie d.
6 I w a n t to stay here. Yo u can't m ake m e ................................................ w ith yo u.
7
'Is th a t y o ur bike?'
8
Rachel can't c o m e to th e party. She told m e ...............................................yo u.
9
W o u ld yo u like a drin k? W o u ld yo u like m e ...............................................so m e coffee?
10 'Kate d o esn't like me.'
'N o, it's John's. H e let m e ...............................................it.'
'W h a t m akes y o u ................................................ that?'
117
U nit
54
I w ent to the shop to ...
Paula w a n te d a newspa p er, so she
w e n t to th e sh o p.
W h y did she go to th e sho p?
T o g e t a newspa p er.
She w e n t to th e sh o p t o g e t a
newspa p er.
t o ... (t o g e t / t o se e e tc.) tells us w hy a p erso n d o es so m e thin g:
O
'W h y are yo u going out?'
O
C a th erin e w e n t to th e statio n t o m e e t her friend.
T o b u y so m e food.'
O
Sue turn e d on th e televisio n t o w a t c h th e news.
O
I'd like to go to Sp ain t o le a r n Spanish.
m o n e y / t i m e t o (d o so m e thin g):
O
W e ne e d so m e m o n e y t o b u y fo o d.
O
I haven't g ot t i m e t o w a t c h televisio n.
t o ... an d f o r ...
t o + verb
f o r + noun
(t o g e t / t o see etc.)
(f o r a n e w sp a p e r / f o r f o o d etc.)
O
I w e n t to th e sh o p t o g e t a newspap er.
O
I w e n t to th e sh o p f o r a n e w sp a p e r.
O
Th e y're going to Brazil f o r a h o lid a y.
O
W e nee d so m e m o n e y f o r f o o d.
( n o t for get)
O
Th e y're g oing to Brazil t o se e th eir
frien ds.
O
W e ne e d so m e m o n e y t o b u y fo o d.
w a i t f o r ...
O
Please w a i t f o r me.
O
A re yo u w a i t i n g f o r th e bus?
w a i t t o (d o so m e thin g):
O
H urry up! I'm w a i t i n g t o go.
O
A re yo u w a i t i n g t o se e th e d o ctor?
w a i t f o r (so m e b o d y /so m e th in g ) t o ...
O
T h e lights are red. Yo u have to w a i t f o r t h e m
O
A re yo u w a i t i n g f o r t h e d o c t o r t o c o m e?
t o ch a n g e.
Th e y're w a i t i n g f o r t h e li g h ts t o
ch an g e.
118
go to ... and go for ... - U nit 55 so m e t hin g to eat / n o thing to do etc. ^ U nit 79
enough + to / f or ... -4 U nit 91 t oo + to / for
4 U nit 92
Exercises
Q
Write sentences beginning I went t o . . . . Choose from the boxes.
)
a co f f e e sh o p
t h e s t a t io n
t h e c h e m ist
the m arket
1
b u y so m e v e g e t a b l es
+
m e e t a frie n d
g e t so m e m e d ic i n e
g e t a t r a i n t ic k e t
[ w e n t t o t h e s t a t i o n t o g e t a t r a i n t i c k e t ,..............................................................................................
2 I w e n t .......................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. C h o o se fr o m t h e box.
t o g e t so m e f resh a ir
t o r e a d t h e n e w sp a p e r
to w ake him up
t o o p e n t h is d o o r
t o se e w h o it w as
t o w a t c h t h e n e ws
1 I turn e d on th e T V
t o w a t c h t h e n e w s..........................................................................................................
2 A lic e sat d o w n in an a r m c h a ir..................................................................................................................................
3 D o I nee d a k e y ...................................................................................................................................................................
4 I w e n t for a w alk by th e riv e r......................................................................................................................................
5 I k n o cke d on th e d o o r o f David's r o o m ..............................................................................................................
6 TTie d o orb ell rang, so I lo oke d o u t o f th e w in d o w .......................................................................................
ggj
sentences. Use t o . . . .
Use y o u r o w n id eas t o finish t h ese
1 I w e n t to th e s h o p
t o . Q e t A D .§ w sp a p e r .........................................................................................................
2 I'm very busy. I d o n't have t i m e ................................................................................................................................
3 I calle d A m y ...........................................................................................................................................................................
4 I'm going o u t .........................................................................................................................................................................
5 I b orro w e d so m e m o n e y ...............................................................................................................................................
W ri t e t o or f or.
1 I went o u t
to
get so m e bread.
2 W e w e n t to a re st a u ra n t................. have dinner.
3 Ro b ert w a n ts to go to u n iv e rsity
stu d y e c o n o m ics.
4 I'm going to L o n d o n
an in t ervie w n ext w e e k.
5 I'm going to L o n d o n
visit so m e frie n ds o f min e.
6 D o yo u have t i m e
a cu p o f coffee?
7 I g ot up late this m ornin g. I did n't have t i m e .................wash.
8 Every b o d y nee ds m o n e y
9 W e did n't have any m o n e y
live.
a taxi, so w e w alke d h o m e.
10 TTie o ffice is very sm all. Th ere's sp ace o n ly
a d esk an d chair.
11 a : Excuse me, are yo u w a it in g
be served?
b:
N o , I'm alre ady being serve d, thanks.
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. C h o ose fro m:
i t / t o arriv e
y o u / t e ll me
t h e m / chan g e
t h e f il m / b e g in
1 W e sto p p e d at th e lights an d w a i t e d f o r t h e m t o . c h a n g e .....................................................................
2 I sat d o w n in th e cin e m a an d w a i t e d ........................................................................................................................
3 W e calle d an a m b ula n c e an d w a it e d .........................................................................................................................
4 'D o yo u k n o w w h a t to do?'
'N o, I'm w a it in g ....................................................................................................
go t o ... (go t o w o r k / g o t o L o n d o n / go t o a c o n c e r t e t c)
W h a t tim e d o yo u usually go t o w o r k?
I'm g o in g t o C h i n a n ext w e ek.
So p hie did n't w a n t to go t o t h e c o n c e r t
'W here's To m?'
go to
'He's g o n e t o bed.'
I w e n t t o t h e d e n t ist yesterday.
go t o sle e p = start to sleep:
I w as v ery tire d an d w e n t t o sle e p q uickly.
go h o m e (w it h o u t t o )
I'm g o in g h o m e now. ( not going to h o m e)
go o n
h o lid ay
W e re g o in g o n h o li d a y n ext w e ek.
a trip
go o n
C hildre n often go o n sc h o o l trips.
a t o ur
W orkers at th e airp ort have g o n e o n strik e.
a cruise
(= th e y are refusing to w o rk)
strike
go f o r
g o (so m e w h ere) f o r
a w alk
O
'W here's Em m a?'
a run
O
D o yo u go f o r a r u n every m ornin g?
a swim
O
Th e w a t er lo oks nice. I'm g o in g f o r a sw i m .
a d rin k
O
1 m e t C hris in t o w n, so w e w e n t f o r co f f ee.
a meal
O
Shall w e go o u t f o r a m e al? 1 k n o w a g o o d restaurant.
'She's g o n e f o r a walk.'
go + -in g
W e use g o + -in g for m a ny sp orts (s w i m m i n g / sk iin g e tc.) an d also sh o p p in g .
I go
he is g o in g
we w ent
th e y have g o n e
sh e w a n ts to go
sh o p p i n g
sw i m m in g
f ish in g
sa ilin g
sk iin g
j o g g in g etc.
A re yo u g o in g sh o p p i n g this aftern o o n?
It's a nice day. Let's g o sw i m m in g .
( or Let's go f o r a sw im .)
Rich ard has a sm all b o at an d he often g o es sailin g.
I w e n t jo g g in g b efore bre akfast this m ornin g.
Exercises
W ri t e t o / o n / f o r w h ere n ecessary.
1
2
Richard often g o e s... z
3
Sue w e n t ............. M e xic o last year.
4
Jack g o e s............. jo g gin g every m ornin g.
5
I'm going o u t ............. a w alk. D o yo u w a n t to c o m e?
I'm g o in g .. to . ..... C h in a n ext w e ek.
( no preposition )
sailing,
6 I'm tire d b ecause I w e n t
bed very late last night.
7
M ark is g o in g ............. h o lid a y ................... Italy n ext w e ek.
8
Th e w e a th er was w arm an d th e river w as clean, so w e w e n t
a swim .
9 Th e taxi drivers w e n t ................. strike w h e n I w as in N e w York.
10 Let's g o
th e cin e m a this evenin g.
11 It's late. I have to g o ................. h o m e no w.
m
i
12
W o u ld yo u like to g o
a t o ur o f th e city?
13
Shall w e go o u t ............... d in n er this evenin g?
14
M y p arents are g o in g
a cruise this su m m er.
Use t h e p ict u r es t o c o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use g o / g o es/ g o in g / w e n t + -in g.
CD often
RICHA R D
every day
EMIL Y
JESSIC A
Richard has a boat. H e o f t e n
(D yesterday
@ next m o n t h
PETER
SARA H
A Q e ss a fi in g
Last Saturd ay Em ily w e n t ................................................................................
D an
every day.
Jessica is g oing on h o lid ay n ext m o n th. She is .....................................
Peter is going o u t later. H e has t o ................................................................
S a ra h ................................................................................after w o rk yesterday.
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use t h e w o r ds in t h e bo x. Use t o / o n / f o r if n ecessary.
a sw im
a w alk
h o li d a y
Portu gal
sh o p p i n g
sle e p
home
ri d i n g
sk iin g
u n i v e rsi t y
Th e w a t er lo oks nice. Let's g o
f o r a s w im ......
A ft e r leaving sch o o l, Tin a w e n t
w h ere sh e stu d ie d psycholo gy.
I'm g o in g ...................................................................... no w. I have to b uy a fe w thin gs.
I w as very tire d last night. I sat d o w n in an arm c h air an d w e n t ........................................................................
I wasn't e njoyin g th e party, so I w e n t ........................................................................ early.
W e live near th e m o u n tains. In w in t e r w e g o ........................................................................ m ost w e eke n ds.
Ro b ert has g ot a horse. H e g o e s...................................................................... a lot.
T h e w e a th er is nice. Shall w e g o ........................................................................alon g th e river?
a
: A re yo u g o in g ........................................................................so on?
b:
Yes, n ext m o n th. W e're g o in g
W e've n ever been th ere before.
U nit
56
get
g e t + noun = receive, buy, fin d e t c
yo u g e t it
yo u d o n ' t h a v e so m e thin g
yo u h a v e it
O
I g o t an email fro m Sam this m ornin g. ( = receive)
O
O
I like y o ur sweater. W h ere did yo u g e t it? (= b uy)
O
'Is Lisa here?' 'Yes, I'll g e t her for you.'
It's hard to g e t a jo b at th e m o m e n t? (= fin d)
also g e t a b u s / a t r a i n / a t a x i (= take a b us/ train e tc.):
O
'D id yo u w alk here?'
'N o, I g o t th e bus.'
g e t h u n g r y / g e t c o l d / g e t t i r e d etc. ( g e t + a djective ) - b eco m e:
yo u g e t h u n g r y
yo u're n o t h u n g r y
O
O
^
yo u a r e h u n g r y
If yo u d o n't eat, yo u g e t h u n g r y .
D rin k y o ur coffee. It's g e t t i n g c o l d .
I'm sorry y o ur m o t h er is ill. I h o p e she g e t s b e t t e r so on.
O
It w as rainin g very hard. W e d id n't have an um brella, so w e g o t very w e t .
also g e t m a r r i e d
g e t d r e ss e d (= p ut y o ur clo th es o n)
g e t l o s t (= lose y o ur w ay)
O
O
O
N ic ola an d Frank are g e t t i n g m a r r i e d so on.
I g ot up an d g o t d r e ss e d q uickly.
W e d id n't have a ma p, so w e g o t l o st .
g e t t o a place = arrive:
O
I usually g e t t o w o r k b efore 8.30. (= arrive at w o rk)
O
W e left Lo n d o n at 10 o'clo ck an d g o t t o M a n c h e s t e r
at 12.45.
g e t h e r e / t h e r e (w it h o u t t o ):
O
H o w did yo u g e t h e r e ? By bus?
get to
g e t h o m e (w it h o u t t o ):
O
W h a t tim e did yo u g e t h o m e last night?
g e t in / o u t / o n / o f f
g e t i n (a car)
g e t o u t ( o f a car)
get on
get off
(a bus / a train / a pla n e)
122
O
Kate g o t i n t h e c a r an d dro ve away. (Yo u can also say: Kate g ot i n t o th e c ar an d ...)
O
O
A car sto p p e d an d a m an g o t o u t . (b u t A man g ot o u t o f t h e c a r .)
W e g o t o n t h e b u s o u tsid e th e hotel an d g o t o f f in C h u rc h Street.
( g e t t o - » U n i t 108
in / o u t / o n / o f f - » U n i ts 1 1 0 ,1 1 4
g e t u p - » U n i t 114
get o n -» A p p e n dix 6
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. Use g e t / g e ts a n d c h o ose fro m t h e box.
a d octor
a l o t o f ra in
a taxi
m y e m a il
t h e jo b
a g o o d sa l a r y
a n e w la p t o p
a t ic k e t
so m e m il k
y o u r b o o ts
1 D id y o u Q e t m y e m a \ \
2 W h ere did y o u
? | se nt it a w e e k ago.
? Th e y're very nice.
3 Q uick! This m an is ill. W e nee d t o ................................................................................................
4 I d o n't w a n t to w alk h o m e. Le t's................................................................................................
5 To m has an in t ervie w t o m orro w . I h o p e h e ................................................................................................
6 W h e n yo u go to th e sho p, can y o u ............................................................................................... ?
7 'Are yo u going to th e c o ncert?'
'Yes, if I c a n ................................................................................................ '
8 H elen has g ot a w e ll- p aid jo b. S h e ................................................................................................
9 Th e w e a th er is h orrib le here in win ter. W e ................................................................................................
10 I'm g oing t o ................................................................................................. Th e o n e I have is to o slow.
C o m p le t e t h ese se n t e nces. Use g e t t in g + t h ese w or ds:
c o ld
d ark
la t e
1 D rin k y o ur coffee. It's
m arrie d
rea d y
g ^ tt|n g .c p jd ......
2 Turn on th e light. It's................................................................................................
3 'I'm ............................................................................................... n ext week.' 'Really? C o n gratulatio ns!'
4 'W here's Karen?'
'Sh e's............................................................................................... to go out.'
5 It's
It's tim e to go h o m e.
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use g e t / g e ts/ g o t + t h ese w or ds:
an gry
better
h u n gry
l ost
m arrie d
old
wet
1 If yo u d o n't eat, y o u g e t h u n g ry......
2 D o n't go o u t in th e rain. Y o u 'll................................................................................................
3 M y b r o t h e r................................................................................................last year. His wife's na m e is Sarah.
4 M ark is always very calm . H e n e v e r................................................................................................
5 W e trie d to fin d th e ho tel, b ut w e ................................................................................................
6 Every b o d y w a n ts to stay yo un g, b ut w e a l l................................................................................................
7 Yesterd ay th e w e a th er w asn't so g o o d at first, b ut i t .................................................................................
d urin g th e day.
W ri t e se n t e n ces w it h I l e f t ... an d g o t t o . . . .
1 h o m e / 7.30 —> w o rk / 8.15
Ik f t .h p m ^
.........................................................................
2 Lo n d o n / 1 0.1 5 —> Bristol / 11.45
I left Lo n d o n at 10.15 a n d ...........................................................................................................................................
3 th e p arty / 1 1.1 5 —> h o m e / m id nig h t
4 Write a sentence a bo u t yourself.
I l e f t ............................................................
g
g
W ri t e g o t in / g o t o u t o f / g o t o n / g o t off.
1 K a t e g o t .in th e car an d drove away.
2 I ................................................................ th e bus an d w alke d to m y h o use fro m th e bus sto p.
3 Isa b e l.............................................................. th e car, sh u t th e d o or an d w e n t into a sho p.
4 I m a d e a stu p id mistake. I .............................................................. th e wro n g train.
Unit
57
do and make
D o is a general w o rd for actio ns:
O
W h a t are yo u d o in g this evening? (n o t W h a t are yo u m akin g?)
O
'Shall I o p en th e w in d o w?'
O
Rachel's jo b is very b oring. She d o es th e sa m e thin g every day.
'N o, it's O K . I'll d o it.'
I d i d a lo t o f thin gs yesterday.
W h a t d o y o u d o? = W h at's y o ur job?:
O
'W h a t d o yo u do?'
'I w o rk in a bank.'
M a k e = pro d uce / cre a te. For exa m p le:
rs
in t i
She's m a k i n g c offee.
H e has m a d e a cake.
Th e y m a k e um brellas.
It w as m a d e in C hin a.
I C o m p are d o an d m a k e:
I d i d a lo t yesterday. I c l e a n e d m y ro o m , I w r o t e so m e letters an d I m a d e a cake.
a
: W h a t d o yo u d o in y o ur free tim e? Sp ort? Reading? H o b bies?
b:
I m a k e clo th es. I m a k e dresses an d jackets. I also m a k e toys for m y childre n.
Expressio ns w ith d o
an exa m / a test
a c o urse
h o m e w o rk
do
h o use w o rk
so m e b o d y a favo ur
an exercise
O
o
o
o
o
o
I'm d o in g m y d ri v i n g t est n ext w e e k.
Jo hn has just d o n e a t r a i n i n g c o u rse .
O u r childre n have to d o a lo t o f h o m e w o r k .
I hate d o in g h o use w o r k , esp ecially cle anin g.
Sue, c o uld yo u d o m e a fa v o u r?
I go for a run and d o e x e rcises every m ornin g.
also d o t h e sh o p p i n g / d o t h e w ash i n g / d o t h e w ash i n g - u p / d o t h e ir o n in g / d o t h e c o o k i n g etc.
O I d i d t h e w a s h i n g b ut I did n't d o t h e sh o p p in g .
Expressio ns w ith m a k e
a m istake
an a p p o in t m e n t
m ake
a p h o n e call
a list
a noise
a bed
O
O
O
o
o
o
I'm sorry, I m a d e a m ist a k e .
I nee d to m a k e an a p p o i n t m e n t to see th e d o ctor.
Excuse me, I have to m a k e a p h o n e call.
H ave yo u m a d e a sh o p p i n g list?
It's late. D o n't m a k e a n o ise.
So m e tim es I forget to m a k e m y b e d in th e m ornin g.
W e say m a k e a f il m bu t t a k e a p h o t o / t a k e a p ic t u r e:
W h e n w as t h is f il m m a d e?
but
124
O
W h e n w as t h is p h o t o t a k e n?
( d o / d o es / d id (negatives an d q uestions)
» U n i ts 4 3 - 4 4
m a k e so m e b o dy do so m ething
U n i t 53
)
Exercises
W ri t e m a k e / m a k i n g / m a d e o r d o / d o i n g / d i d / d o n e .
1 'Shall I o p en th e w in d o w?'
'N o, it's O K . I'll
do
it.'
2 W h a t did y o u ........................................ at th e w e e ke n d? D id yo u go away?
3 D o yo u k n o w h o w t o ........................................ bread?
4 Pap er is .........................................fro m w o o d .
5 R ich a rd did n 't h elp m e. H e sac in an a rm ch a ir a n d ........................................ n oth in g.
6 'W h a t d o y o u
?' 'I’m a d octor.'
7 I aske d yo u to cle a n th e b a thro o m . H ave y o u ....................................... it?
8 'W h a t d o t h e y ........................................ in th a t factory?’
9 I'm
'Shoes.'
so m e coffee. W o u ld yo u like so m e?
10 W h y are yo u an gry w ith me? I d id n ’t ........................................ a n ythin g wro n g.
G9
11 ‘W h a t are y o u ........................................ t o m o rro w aftern o o n?'
'I'm w orkin g.'
W h a t are th ese p e o p le d o in g?
1
H e's m a k in gs, .ceka
6
2
T h e y ...........................................................................................
3
H e ...............................................................................................
8
4
.......................................................................................................
9
5
7
10
W ri t e m a k e or d o in t h e c o rr e c t f o r m.
1 I h ate
doin g
h o use w o rk, esp ecially cle anin g.
2 W h y d o yo u a lw a ys........................................ th e sa m e mistake?
3 ‘C a n y o u ........................................ m e a favo ur?’ ‘It d e p e n ds w h a t it is.’
4 'H ave y o u ........................................ y o ur h o m e w o rk?’
5
6
7
8
'N o t yet.'
I nee d to see th e d e ntist, b ut I h a v e n 't........................................ an a p p o in t m e n t.
I'm ........................................ a co urse in p h o to gra p hy at th e m o m e n t. It’s v e ry g o o d.
T h e last tim e I ........................................ an exa m w as ten ye ars ago.
H o w m a ny p h o n e calls did y o u .......................................yesterd ay?
9 W h e n yo u'v e finish e d Exercise 1, yo u c a n .........................................Exercise 2.
10 Th ere's so m e thin g wro n g w ith th e car. T h e en gin e is
a strang e noise.
11 It w as a bad mistake. It w as th e w o rst m istake I've e v e r.........................................
12 Le t's........................................ a list o f all th e thin gs w e have t o ........................................to day.
U nit
58
have
h a v e an d h a v e g o t
I h a v e (so m e th in g) or I've g o t (so m e th in g) = it is mine:
O
I h a v e a n e w car. or I've g o t a n e w car.
O
Sue h as long hair, or Sue h as g o t long hair.
O
D o th ey h a v e any childre n? or H a v e th e y g o t any childre n?
O
To m d o esn 't h a v e a jo b. or To m h asn 't g o t a jo b.
O
H o w m u ch tim e d o yo u h a ve? or H o w m u ch tim e h a v e yo u g o t?
also
I have
a h e a d ach e / (a) t o o th a c h e / a pain (in m y leg e tc.)
I've g o t
a c old / a co ug h / a sore thro a t / a te m p era ture / flu
O
I h a v e a h e a d ach e, or I've g o t a he a d ach e.
O
D o yo u h a v e a cold? or
etc.
H a v e yo u g o t a cold?
Th e past is I h a d (w it h o u t g o t) / 1 d i d n 't h a v e / D i d y o u ha ve? e t c .:
O
W h e n I first m e t Sue, she h a d sh o rt hair.
O
H e d i d n 't h a v e any m o n e y b ecause he d i d n 't h a v e a jo b.
O
D i d yo u h a v e eno ug h tim e to d o everythin g yo u w an te d?
h a v e b r e a k f ast / h a v e a sh o w e r etc.
In th ese expressio ns h a v e = e a t / drin k / ta k e etc. Yo u can't use 'have got'.
bre akfast / lu n ch / d in n er
'W here's Lisa?'
a meal / a sa n d w ich / a pizza etc.
O
O
a c u p o f coffe e / a glass o f m ilk etc.
O
I h a d thre e cu ps o f coffee this m ornin g.
so m e thin g to e a t / drin k
O
' H a ve a biscuit!'
h a ve
'She's h a v in g lunch.'
I d o n 't usually h a v e bre akfast.
'O h, t h a n k you.'
W e also use h a v e ( not have g o t) in th ese expressio ns:
a bath / a sh o w er
a rest / a h o lid ay / a p arty
a nic e tim e / a g o o d trip / fu n etc.
have
a w alk / a swim / a g a m e (o f te n nis e tc.)
a dre a m / an accid e n t
a baby
a lo o k (a t so m e thin g)
O
I h a d a sh o w er this m ornin g.
O
W e're h a v in g a p arty n ext w e e k. Yo u m ust com e.
O
Enjo y y o ur holid ay. H a ve a nice tim e!
O
D i d y o u h a v e a g o o d tim e in To kyo?
O
O
San dra h as just h a d a baby.
C a n I h a v e a lo o k at y o ur m agazine?
C o m p are:
H a v e or h a v e g o t
O
I h a v e / I've g o t a n e w shower. It's v ery g ood.
H a v e ( not h a v e g o t)
O
I h a v e a sh o w er every m ornin g.
( n o t I've g o t a sh o w er every m o rnin g)
O
a
: W h ere's Paul?
b:
He's h a v in g a sh o w e r.
(= he's w ashin g n o w)
126
[ I have / I've g o t - » U n i t 9
I've (d o n e) (present p erfe ct)
4 U n i ts 1 5 - 1 8
I have t o ...
» U n i t 33
)
Exercises
W ri t e t h e c o rr e c t f or m o f h a v e o r h a v e g o t.
1
2
1.did n’t h a v a tim e to d o th e sh o p p in g yesterday.
H a s Li s ^ ..g Q tX Q K Q Q esXi ^ .h ^ y ^ Ji a car?' 'N o, sh e can't
'
(I / n o t / have)
drive.'
(h e / n o t / have)
4
(G a ry / have)
...................................................... a co ld last w e e k. He's b e tter now.
5 W h at's wro ng? ................................................................ a head ache?
(y o u / have?)
6 W e w a n te d to go by taxi, b u t ................................................................ e no ug h m o n ey.
(w e / n o t / have)
7 Laura is v ery b usy
(sh e / n o t / have)
m u ch free tim e.
8 .............................................................. any pro ble ms w h e n yo u w ere on holid ay?
m
i
(Lisa / have?)
3 H e can't o p en th e do or. .....................................................a key.
(y o u / have?)
W h a t are t h ese p e o p le d oin g? C h o o se fro m t h e list:
a bath
1
b r e a k f ast
a cu p of tea
d in n er
T h e y ’re h a y in g .b ra a k f a o t,.........................................
a good tim e
a r est
4 Th e y
2 S h e ................................................................................................
5 .............
3 H e .................................................................................................
6... .........................................................................................................
W h a t d o y o u say in t h ese sit u a ti o ns? Use have.
1 Em ily is g oing on holid ay. W h a t d o yo u say to her before she goes?
H a ve a nj.ce. h o lid a y! ...............................................................................................................................................................
2 Yo u m e e t Clare at th e airp ort. She has just g ot o ff her plane. A sk her a b o u t th e flig ht.
D
j d y o u h a ^
^ .................................................................................................................................
3 To m is going on a long trip. W h a t d o yo u say to him b efore he leaves?
4 It's M o n d a y m ornin g. Yo u are at w ork. A sk Paula a b o u t her w e eke n d.
5 Paul has just c o m e h o m e after playin g te nnis w ith a frie n d. A sk him a b o u t th e gam e.
6 Rachel is g oing o u t this evening. W h a t d o yo u say to her b efore she goes?
7 M ark has just re turn e d fro m holiday. A sk him a b o u t his holiday.
g g g g p C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use h a v e / h a d a n d c h o ose fro m t h e list.
an a c c i d e n t
a g lass o f w a t e r
a lo o k
a w alk
a p arty
so m e t h i n g t o e a t
1 W e h a d a . p a r t y a few w e e ks ago. W e invite d 50 p e o ple.
2 'Shall w e ..............................................................................................?' 'N o, I'm n o t hungry.'
3 I w as thirsty, so I ................................................................................................
4 I like to get up early a n d ..............................................................................................b efore bre akfast.
5 Tin a is a very g o o d driver. She has n e v e r................................................................................................
6 There's so m e thin g wro n g w ith th e engin e o f m y car. C a n y o u ......................................................................... at it?
Unit
59
| / me
he / him
they / t he m etc.
Peo ple
subject
I
we
you
he
sh e
they
object
me
us
you
him
her
them
subject
object
me
I k n o w To m .
To m kn o ws m e.
we
W e k n o w To m .
To m kn o ws us.
us
you
Y o u kn o w To m .
To m kn o ws y o u.
you
I
he
H e kn o ws To m .
To m kn o ws hi m .
him
sh e
Sh e kn o ws To m .
To m kn o ws her.
her
they
T h e y kn o w To m .
To m kn o ws t h e m .
them
Things
( k 's nice. I like ^ t )
su bject
it
object
it
O
I d o n't w a n t t h is b o o k. Yo u can have it.
O
I d o n't w a n t t h ese b o o ks. Yo u can have t h e m .
O
Kate n ever d rin ks m ilk . She d o esn't like i t
O
I n ever go to p a r t ies. I d o n't like t h e m .
W e use m e / h e r / t h e m etc. (o b je c t) after a preposition (f o r / t o / w i t h e t c ):
O
Tin is letter isn't f o r m e. It's f o r y o u.
O
W h o is th a t w o m a n? W h y are yo u lo o kin g a t her?
O
O
O
W e're going to th e cin e m a. D o yo u w a n t to c o m e w i t h us?
Sue an d Kevin are going to th e cin e m a. D o yo u w a n t to go w i t h t h e m ?
'W here's th e newsp ap er?'
'Yo u're sittin g o n it.'
gi ve i t / t h e m t o ...
O
I w a n t th a t b o o k. Please give i t t o me.
O
Ro b ert ne e ds th ese b o oks. C a n yo u give t h e m t o h i m , please?
1
128
( m y / h is / t h e ir etc.
U nit 60
G iv e m e t h a t b o o k / G iv e i t t o m e
U n i t 96
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h h i m / h e r / t h e m .
1 I d o n't k n o w th ose girls. D o yo u k n o w
th e m
?
2 I d o n't k n o w th a t m an. D o yo u k n o w ........................................ ?
3 I d o n't k n o w th ose p e o ple. D o yo u k n o w ...................................
4 I d o n't k n o w David's wife. D o yo u k n o w ......................................
5 I d o n't k n o w M r Stevens. D o yo u k n o w .......................................
6 I d o n't k n o w Sarah's p arents. D o yo u k n o w ...............................
7 I d o n't k n o w th e w o m a n in th e b lack co at. D o yo u k n o w
C o m p l e t e t h e se n t e nces. Use l / m e / y o u / sh e / h e r e tc.
I w a n t to see her, b u t
s h e do esn't w a n t to s e e
I_________________1
I
T h e y w a n t to see m e, b u t ....................................... d o n't w a n t to see
tne....
Sh e w a n ts to see him , b u t ...................................... d o esn’t w a n t to see
W e w a n t to see t h e m , b u t ......................................d o n't w a n t to s e e .......
H e w a n ts to see us, b u t ....................................... d o n ’t w a n t to see
T h e y w a n t to see her, b u t .......................................d o esn't w a n t to see
I w a n t to see t h e m , b u t ...................................... d o n ’t w a n t to see
Y o u w a n t to see her, b u t .......................................d o esn’t w a n t to s e e ....
W ri t e se n t e n ces b e g in n in g I li k e . . . , I d o n ’t li k e ... o r D o y o u l i k e ... ?
d o n ’t eat t o m a t o es
[d o n 't like t h e m
G e org e is a very nic e m an. I like
This ja ck e t isn’t v ery nice. I d o n ’t
This is my new car. D o ..................
M rs C lark is n o t v e ry friendly. I .....
Th ese are m y n e w sh o es....................
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e nces. Use l / m e / h e / h i m e tc.
1 W h o is th a t w o m a n? W h y are yo u lo o kin g a t
2 'D o yo u k n o w th at m an?'
h e r .....
Yes, I w o rk w ith
3 W h e re are th e tickets? I can't f i n d .........................................
4 I can't fin d m y keys. W h ere a r e ........................................ ?
5 W e're g oin g o u t. You can c o m e w i t h ....................................
6 I've g o t a n e w m o torb ik e. D o yo u w a n t to s e e ...............
7 M aria likes m usic............................................. plays th e piano.
8 I d o n ’t like do gs. I’m afraid o f .........................................
9 I'm talkin g to yo u. Please listen t o .........................................
10 W h e re is A n n a? I w a n t to talk t o .........................................
11 You can have th ese C D s. I d o n't w a n t .........................................
12 M y b ro th er has a n e w jo b, b u t
d o esn't like
v ery m u ch.
C o m p le t e t h e se n te n c es.
1 I nee d th a t b o ok. C a n y o u
give it .t o .m e .
2 H e w a n ts th e key. C a n yo u g iv e ........................
3 She w a n ts th e keys. C a n y o u ...............................
4 I nee d m y bag. Can y o u .........................................
5 T h e y w a n t th e m o n ey. C a n y o u ........................
6 W e w a n t th e p ictures. C a n y o u ..........................
129
U nit
60
m y / his/ t heir etc.
7
my u m b r e lla )(o u r u m brella) (y o u r umbrella ^ ( h is u m b re lla)
1
like
my
h ouse.
we
our
We
like
our
house.
yo u
your
You
like
your
house.
He
likes
his
house.
1
my
his
he
( h e r umbrella
she
—»
her
Sh e
likes
her
house.
th ey
—>
t h e ir
They
like
t h e ir
h ouse.
it
—»
its
O xfo rd (= it) is fa m o us for its university.
t h e ir umbrella
W e use m y / y o u r / h is etc. + noun:
m y ha n ds
h is n e w c a r
h e r p a r e n ts
o u r clo t h es
y o u r b est f rie n d
t h eir ro o m
h is / h e r / t h e ir
MR A N D
A N DY
AMY
M RS LEE
h e r car
%
(= A m y's car)
h e r husb a n d
0 k
h is bike
t h e i r son
h is sister
t h e i r d au g hter
h is p arents
t h e i r childre n
^ B|
(= A m y's
h usb a n d)
h e r childre n
(= A m y's
A
-
c hild re n)
i ts an d it's
130
its
O xfo rd is fa m o us for its university.
it's (= it is)
I like O xfo rd . It's a nice place. (= It is a nice place.)
[ m in e / y o u rs etc. - » U n i t 61
l / m e / m y / m in e
» U n i t 62
D
Exercises
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces in t h e sa m e way.
1 I'm going to w a s h !T!y h a n d s......
2 She's going to w a s h ..............................................hands.
4 He's going to w a s h .......
3 W e're going to w a s h .........................................................
6 A re yo u going to w ash .
5 Th e y're g oing to w a s h .
C o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces in t h e sa m e way.
1 He
5 I .....................
liv es w |t h .h js . p a r e n t s ......
2 Th e y live w i t h ...................................................... p arents.
6 J o h n ................
3 W e .............................................................................. p arents.
7 D o yo u live.
4 M artin a liv e s..........................................................................
8 M o st childre n .
. parents.
Lo o k a t t h e fa m ily tree, a n d c o m p le t e t h e se n t e n ces w it h h is / h e r / t h e ir.
1 I saw Sarah w i t h h e r husb an d, Philip.
2 I saw Laura an d Steve w i t h .........................childre n.
SARA H
=
" U K
3 I saw Steve w i t h .........................wife, Laura.
PHILIP
4 I saw Ben w i t h .........................brother, W ill.
5 I saw Laura w i t h ......................... bro ther, W ill.
6 I saw Sarah an d Philip w i t h ........................son, W ill.
&
t it
'TfltfVtr
7 I saw Laura w i t h ......................... p arents.
8 I saw Beth an d Ro b ert w i t h .......................parents.
S TEVE
WILL
BEN
m
mm
BETH
R O BER T
W ri t e m y / o u r / y o u r / h is / h e r / t h e ir / i ts.
royu jo b?
1 D o yo u lik e
2 I k n o w M r W a tso n, b u t I d o n't k n o w .........................wife.
3 A lic e an d To m live in Lo n d o n ............................so n lives in A ustralia.
4 W e're going to have a party. W e ’re going to invit e a l l.........................friends.
5 A n n a is going o u t w i t h
frie n ds this eve nin g.
6 I like tennis. It's
7 'Is t h a t ....................... car?'
favo urite sp ort.
'N o, I d o n't have a car.’
8 I w a n t to c o n t a c t M aria. D o yo u k n o w ......................... nu m b er?
9 D o yo u t h in k m ost p e o ple are ha p p y i n .......................jo bs?
10 I'm going to w a s h .........................hair b efore I go o u t.
11 This is a b eautiful tre e
leaves are a b eautiful colo ur.
12 Jo hn has a bro th er an d a sister. ....................... bro th er is 25, a n d
sister is 21.
C o m p l e t e t h e se n t e nces. Use m y / h is / t h e ir e tc. w it h t h ese w or ds:
co at
ho m ew ork
1 Jam es d o esn't e n j o y
h o use
h is j o b
h u sb a n d
-jo b
k ey
nam e
it's n o t v ery interestin g.
2 I can't get in. I d o n't h a v e ........................................................................
3 Sally is m arrie d............................................................................ w o rks in a bank.
4 Please take o f f ................................................ .'...................... an d sit d o w n.
5 'W h a t are th e c hildre n doing?' 'Th ey're d o in g ....................................................................... .'
6 'D o yo u k n o w th a t man?'
'Yes, b ut I d o n't k n o w .........................................................................'
7 W e live in Barto n Stre e t.............................................................................is at th e e n d o n th e left.