WATER USE/POLLUTION
AND WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
GROUP 7
GE15 (2173)
sources of water that are useful or
potentially useful to humans
Water is a marvelous substance which can
be beautiful, powerful, and destructive.
• Liquid
• Solid
• Gas
• OFF-STREAM USES
> Agriculture
>
Thermoelectric
> Industrial
> Mining
> Domestic
> Commercial
• IN-STREAM
USES
> Hydropower
> Navigation
> Recreation
> Ecosystem
Support
the sources and their surroundings
from which water is supplied for
drinking or domestic purposes
• global atmospheric circulation creates regions of
persistent high air pressure and low rainfall about 20°
to 40° north and south of the equator.
• proximity to water sources influences precipitation.
• topography - refers to the craters on the surface,
rivers, valleys, and mountains
The distribution of water often is described in terms of interacting compartments in
which water resides, sometimes briefly and sometimes for eons.
• FRESHWATER
• SALINE
Contains about 0.001% of
total Earth’s water.
WATER AVAILABILITY
AND USE
RENEWABLE WATER SUPPLIES
WATER SCARCITY
DEFINITION
Occurs when the demand for water
exceeds the available amount, or poor
quality restricts its use.
WATER STRESS
Occurs when renewable water supplies
are inadequate to satisfy essential
human or ecosystem needs.
Most likely to occur in developing
countries where the per capita
renewable water supply is low.
WATER SCARCITY
DROUGHT
Most common and often most severe
in semiarid zones, where moisture
availability is the critical factor in
determining plant and animal
distribution.
PERIODIC DROUGHT
Create severe regional water
shortages.
The total amount of water taken from
a lake, river, or aquifer.
Much of this water is in
India for Agricultural use
About half of all water
withdrawal, and about 80
percent of consumption, is
agricultural in the United
States of America
Is used for crops in
Kuwait
ARAL SEA
WITHDRAWAL
Lies in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Once the fourth-largest inland water
body in the world
lost 75 % of its surface area and 80 % of
its volume between 1975 and 2004
90 percent of the natural flow of the Amu
Dar'ya and Syr Dar'ya Rivers was diverted
to irrigate rice and cotton
ARAL SEA
WITHDRAWAL
Towns that once were prosperous fish
processing and shipping ports now lie 100
km from the lakeshore.
Vozrojdenie Island, used for biological
weapons productions in the Soviet era, has
become connected to the mainland,
The salt concentration in the remaining
water doubled, and fishing, which once
produced 20,000 tons per year, ceased
altogether
ARAL SEA
WITHDRAWAL
Today, more than 200,000 tons of salt,
sand, and toxic chemicals are blown from
the dried lake bottom every day.
It destroys pastures, poisoning farm
fields, and damages the health of
residents
As water levels dropped, the lake split
into two lobes. The "Small Aral" in
Kazakhstan is now being reclaimed.
• Water pollution drastically affects human health; in fact, it can kill. In 2015 alone, a study revealed that
waterborne illnesses caused 1.8 million deaths worldwide.
• It can cause contamination of drinking water – thereby contributing to waterborne illnesses.
• Water pollution also affects the ecosystem – it can cause a phenomenon called eutrophication. This can
cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die.
• Toxic elements dissolved in water can make their way to humans through fish or other aquatic
organisms.
• Water pollution also leaches chemicals into the soil that may impact the growth of plants or other food
crops.
Monitoring can be conducted for many purposes. Five major
purposes are to:
• characterize waters and identify changes or trends in water quality over
time;
• identify specific existing or emerging water quality problems;
• gather information to design specific pollution prevention or remediation
programs;
• determine whether program goals -- such as compliance with pollution
regulations or implementation of effective pollution control actions -- are
being met; and
• respond to emergencies, such as spills and floods.
1.Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment consists of removing pollutants
from wastewater through a physical, chemical or
biological process. The more efficient these processes
are, the cleaner the water becomes.
2. Green agriculture
Globally, agriculture accounts for 70% of water
resources, so it is essential to have climate-friendly
crops, efficient irrigation that reduces the need for
water and energy-efficient food production. Green
agriculture is also crucial to limit the chemicals that
enter the water.
3. Stormwater management
Stormwater management is the effort to reduce runoff
of rainwater or melted snow into streets, lawns and
other sites and the improvement of water quality”
according to the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). It is important to avoid pollutants from
contaminating the water and helps to use water more
efficiently.
4. Air pollution prevention
Air pollution has a direct impact on water
contamination as 25% of human induced CO2
emissions are absorbed by oceans. This pollution
causes a rapid acidification of our oceans, and
threatens marine life and corals. Preventing air
pollution is the best way to prevent this from
happening.
5. Plastic waste reduction
80% of plastic in our oceans is from land sources. In
order to reduce the amount of plastic entering our
ocean, we need to both reduce our use of plastic
globally, and to improve plastic waste management.
6. Water conservation
Without water conservation, we won’t go very far. It is
central in making sure the world has better access to
clean water. It means being aware that water is a
scarce resource, taking care of it accordingly, and
managing it responsibly.
-Process of converting wastewater into water that can
be discharged back into the environment also called Sewage treatment.
-Water that has been used and must be treated before it is
relaease in another body of water.
Three main source of wastewater
2. Industrial Wastewater
• Domestic Wastewater
3. Storm Wastewater
an underground and watertight container made of concrete,
polyethylene or fibreglass.
Wastewater treatment plants
process water from homes and businesses,
which contains nitrogen
and phosphorus from human waste,
food and certain soaps and detergents.
Three categories of wastewater treatment
1.Primary Treatment
-first stage in cleansing the water
2. Secondary
-biological methods used to
Treatment
remove any remaining organic
compound from wastewater.
3.Advanced Wastewater
Treatment
-process where water is disenfected to achieve a drinking
water quality standard.
Chlorine Treatment -Effective in killing the pathogens responsinble for
outbreaks of serious waterborne disease.
Water Reuse refers to the process of using treated wastewater
(reclaimed water) for beneficial purposes.
Indirect Water Reuse
refers to the water used in
production of goods and services such as
energy production, agriculture, etc.
Direct Water Reuse
The use of treated wastewater piped directly
from a treatment plant to the next user.