Warm Up 1/20
1. Answer the cladogram
question on your notes sheet.
2. Glue in your definitions on
page 56
3. Glue in your notes on page 57
Standard: 8B Categorize organisms using a
hierarchical classification system based on
similarities and differences shared among
groups
Essential question: What is taxonomy and
why is it important to scientists?
Classification is the grouping of objects
or information based on similarities.
In Biology:
Taxonomy is the science of grouping and
naming organisms.
……in other words, taxonomy is the process of
classifying and naming biological (living)
organisms.
• Phylogeny: The study of
evolutionary relationships
among organisms
• one way to classify organisms
What is the science of grouping and naming
organisms called???
Let’s look at some animals 
Devil Cat
Ghost Cat
Mountain Lion
Screaming Cat
Puma
Florida Panther
Cougar
•There are at least 50 common names for
the animal shown on the previous 7 slides.
•Common names vary according to region.
•How could we fix this problem?
Confusion in Using Different Languages for
Names
Latin Names are Understood by all
Taxonomists
Benefits of Classifying
•Accurately & uniformly names
organisms
•Prevents misnomers such as starfish &
jellyfish that aren't really fish
•Uses same language (Latin or Greek) for
all names
Sea”horse”??
The major classification levels,
from most general (broadest) to most specific
BROADEST TAXON
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
A group at any level is a
taxon. Multiple levels
•
Class
are taxa.
•
Order
•
Family
•
Genus
Most
Specific
•
Species
• Darling
• Katy
• Perry
• Came
• Over
• For
• Good
• Soup!
20
Domains
• Broadest, most inclusive taxon
• Include:
1. Archaea (unicellular prokaryotes)
2. Bacteria (unicellular prokaryotes)
3. Eukarya (eukaryotes)
3 Domains
6 Kingdoms
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Plantae
Fungi
Eukaryota
Animalia
Protista
The six kingdoms in
the classification
system are:
1. Eubacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
Carolus Linnaeus
1707 – 1778
•18th century taxonomist.
Called the “Father of
Taxonomy”.
•Classified organisms by
their structure.
•Developed naming system
known as binomial
nomenclature.
• Two-word name
(Uses the Genus
and Species)
ADD This to your
notes!
25
Binomial Nomenclature Rules
1. The genus name is written
first (Capitalized).
2. The species name is written
second (lower case).
3. Both words are italicized if
typed or underlined if hand
written.
Example: Felis concolor or
F. concolor
Which is the genus? The species?
Turdus migratorius
Write these out these scientific names correctly
PANTHERA LEO
Panthera
Pantheraleo
leo
Cardinaliscardinalis
cardinalis
CARDINALIS CARDINALIS Cardinalis
ACER RUBRUM
Acer
Acerrubrum
rubrum
Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?
Fill in the blank: Domain, kingdom, phylum,
__________, order, family, genus, species
Classification practice
Binomial Nomenclature Practice
• You have 8 minutes!!!
Debrief
1. What characteristics do you think separate the different kingdoms?
2. What are some things you would classify in the kingdom Fungi?
Eubacteria? Plantae?
Bellwork:
Write the bolded part of the question and
write your answer.
1. One of the ways that scientists can trace the ancestry of
animals is through the fossil record. What can scientists
NOT tell from their studies of the fossil record?
order
A. The sequence of the appearance of different groups
B. The common ancestry of various groups
C. The geographical regions where groups lived
D. The future appearance of the groups