MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY REVIWER Lesson 1&2 INFORMATION - Processed data and/or knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, OR symbols. MEDIA - Channels or ways we use to transmit or communicate messages; communication tools. COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS - a process that changes as the communicators’ environments and needs change. COMMUNICATION IS SYSTEMATIC - it involves systems of interrelated and interacting parts. COMMUNICATION IS SYMBOLIC - symbols, verbal (with words) or nonverbal (without words), are the basis of language. TWO TYPES OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY - Application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to change and manipulate the human environment. INFORMATION - What do we communicate? MEDIA - How do we communicate? TECHNOLOGY - What can we use to communicate better? LITERACY - The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. VERBAL COMMUNICATION - Written Oral NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION - Signs Symbols Colors Gestures Body Language Facial expressions BASIC PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION INFORMATION LITERACY - the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and communicate information in its various formats. MEDIA LITERACY - Ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information in a variety of forms, including print and non-print messages; ability to synthesize and produce mediated messages. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - Skills to responsibly use appropriate technology to access, synthesize, evaluate, communicate, and create information to solve problems and improve learning in all subject areas. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Combination of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices required to access, analyze, evaluate, use, produce, and communicate information and knowledge in creative, legal and ethical ways that respect human rights. COMMUNICATION - Communication refers to the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. SHANNON-WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION MODEL (1948) - Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon –Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of the five elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter (encoder of message into signals; and a destination. This model has been originally intended to show how radio and telephone technologies function. OSGOOD- SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1954) - The Schramm model of communication (1954), which seeks to explain how meaning is transferred between individuals, corporations, and others, is the most commonly taught and widely used theory of communication. Schramm modified Shannon Weaver model by adding field of experience, defined as “life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs that each communicator brings to an interaction and that shape how messages are sent and received.” (McCornack, 2010, p.10, as cited in “Osgood Schramm model, “2015) ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication. This is considered as the first model of communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION BERLO’S SMCR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1960) - In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s SenderMessage-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He described several factors affecting the individual components in the communication making the communication more efficient. SPEAKER - the source of information or message. MESSAGE - any information or anything the speaker/sender wants to communicate by using a medium. MEDIUM - is the form in which the speaker/sender conveys the message. CHANNEL - is the method or means of sending or expressing the messages ENCODING - the process of converting the messages into words, actions or other forms that the speaker understands. LISTENER/RECEIVER - the recipient or the one who gets the message. FEEDBACK - is the receiver’s reaction or response CONTEXT - is the situation or environment where communication takes place. BARRIER - the factors that affect the flow of communication. DECODING - the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver. Lesson 3 MEDIA LITERACY - INFORMATION LITERACY both can relay data to different people in different places INFORMATION LITERACY - ability to know when an information is needed. INFORMATION LITERACY - TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - Both are part of the process of reproducing data information. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - ability to use technology in the digital environment. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - MEDIA LITERACY • MISINFORMATION - It refers to unintentional spreading of erroneous information wherein some netizens often used “nobody’s perfect” as an excuse. With these literacies, you become responsible and more careful: - in consuming and producing media content; in collecting and sharing information; and - In utilizing digital tools while participating in a digital environment. MEDIA and Its Roles in Society a. Entertaining and providing an outlet for the imagination, MEDIA LITERACY - ability to use media accordingly to its function. - DISINFORMATION - It refers to disseminating deliberately false information, especially when supplied by a government or its agent to a foreign power or on the media to influence the policies of those who receive it. Both are able to interpret media. MEDIA LITERACY INFORMATION - b. Educating and informing, c. Serving as a public forum for the discussion of important issues, and d. Acting as a watchdog for government, business, and other institutions Traditional Media to New Media PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper, and iron. Cave paintings Papyrus in Egypt Clay Tablets Acta Duirna in Rome Dibao in China Codex in the Mayan Region Printing press using wood blocks LITERACY TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - They are all used to analyze, evaluate, i and use technological tools to create and disseminate information to various media platforms. FAKENEWS - Sources that intentionally fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports. INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products. - Printing press for Mass production Newspaper Production The London Gazette Telegraph Motion Picture Sound Films Punch Cards Lesson 4 - With the growing trend in the use of technology, cases of unethical use are also surging. With this concern, ethical use of media and information should be given great emphasis through inculcating digital citizenship. Digital citizenship - is the continuously developing norms of appropriate, responsible, and empowered technology use. ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s-1980S) The elements (9 elements of digital citizenship) have also been organized under the principles of respect, educate and protect. - The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors. Respect Yourself/Respect Others - Transistor Radio Commercial Television Large Electronic Computers Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator UNIVersal Automatic Computer I Personal Computers Hewlett-Packard 9100A Apple I Overhead Projectors LCD Projectors - Digital access is about the equitable distribution of technology and online resources. - Digital Etiquette refers to electronic standards of conduct or procedures and has to do with the process of thinking about others when using digital devices. - Digital Law refers to the electronic responsibility for actions and deeds and has to do with the creation of rules and policy that address issues related to the online world. INFORMATION AGE (mid 1900s-2000s) Educate Yourself/Connect with Others - The internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. - Digital Literacy is the process of understanding technology and its use. - Digital Communication is the electronic exchange of information. All users need to define how they will share their thoughts so that others understand the message. - Digital Commerce is the electronic buying and selling of goods and focuses on the tools and safeguards in place to assist those buying, selling, banking, or using money in any way in the digital space. - Web browsers Search Engines Blogging Sites Social Networks Micro blogging Sites Photo and Video Sharing Websites Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing Portable Computers Mobile Phones Wearable Technology Cloud and Big Data Protect Yourself/Protect Others - Digital Rights and Responsibility is about helping students understand that when they are provided opportunities, such as access to the internet and the use of online products, they need to be diligent in helping others as well, such as informing adults of potential problems. - Digital Security and Privacy are the electronic precautions to guarantee safety. Viruses, worms, and other bots can be passed along from one system to another just like an illness. - Digital Health and Wellness refer to the physical and psychological well-being in a digital world. Technology provides many opportunities and enjoyment, but knowing how to segment use with the needs of ourselves and others is key to a healthy, balanced life. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines netiquette as a set of rules about the proper and polite way to communicate with others when using the internet. - Make yourself look good online - 10 RULES OF NETIQUTTE Golden Rule: Do unto others as others do unto you. Just to remind words are read by real people, respectful communication. Before or "submit," ask yourself, you would have you, your written all deserving of you press "send" "Would I be okay with this if someone else had written it?" Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life - You should do your best to act within society's laws and ethical manners whenever you inhabit "cyberspace. " - "Netiquette varies from domain to domain. " (Shea, 1994) Depending on where you are in the virtual world, the same written communication can be acceptable in one area, whereas it might be considered inappropriate in another. What you text a friend may not be appropriate in an email to a classmate or colleague. INTERNET A global network of computers that allows computer users around the world to share information for various purposes” Shelly and Campbell, 2012 Respect other people's time and bandwidth The Internet offers its users many benefits; one is the ease with which information can be shared or accessed; in fact, this "information sharing" capability is one of the reasons the Internet was founded. Help keep flame wars under control - Please don't feed the flames; extinguish them by guiding the discussion more proactively. Respect other people's privacy - Know where you are in cyberspace - Always check for spelling and grammar errors. Know what you're talking about and state it. Be pleasant and polite. Share expert knowledge Remember the human - Electronic communication takes time: time to read and time in which to respond. Most people today lead busy lives as you do and don't have time to read or respond to frivolous emails or discussion posts. As a virtual world communicator, you must ensure that the time spent reading your words is well spent. Make your written communication meaningful and to the point, without extraneous text or superfluous graphics or attachments that may take forever to download. Depending on what you read in the virtual world be it an online class discussion forum, Facebook page, or email, you may be exposed to private or personal information that must be handled carefully. Don't abuse your power - Knowing more than others do or having more ability than others may have does not give you the right to take advantage of anyone. Think of Rule 1: Remember the human. Be forgiving of other people's mistakes - If you must respond to a mistake, please do so in a private email rather than a public forum. TYPES OF MEDIA SOURCES OF INFORMATION PRINT MEDIA consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. PRIMARY an original, uninterpreted, or first-hand material created by the person (s) involved in an activity or an event VISUAL MEDIA Pictures, photos, images, and graphics used to channel communication using the sense of sight. GRAPHIC DESIGN Refers to the process of visual communication that organizes and presents information creatively for a particular purpose. TEXT MEDIA a simple and flexible format for conveying ideas, whether handwritten or printed TYPOGRAPHY Refers to the art and technique of arranging the visual component of the written word; features textual designs with optical illusions to improve readability and help convey meaning. BROADCAST MEDIA such as radio and television that reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium AUDIO MEDIA Use audio or voice recording as a medium in the delivery of information to appeal to the auditory sense. MULTIMEDIA Concerned with computercontrolled integration of different media types where every information can be stored, communicated, and handled digitally. NEW MEDIA content organized and distributed on digital platforms. MEDIA CONVERGENCE The merging of different equipment and tools for producing and distributing news through digitalization and computer networking Allows media to be produced and distributed on multiple devices (Technological convergence) Synergy of communication, content, and computing in the digital world. artifacts, diaries and autobiographies, printed and handwritten letters, manuscripts, music, official and original documents, emails, journals, periodicals, artwork, architecture, patents, audio and video recordings SECONDARY information obtained through the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of primary source materials newspaper articles, literature reviews, textbooks, biographies, encyclopedia, dictionary, directories, yearbook TERTIARY involves information that collects, organizes, and summarizes primary and secondary source materials INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE A form of media “conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people as vehicles for communication” (Wilson et.al 2015) - Folktales, Folk songs, Folk dance LIBRARY Describes as a place and a “means of access to information ideas, and works of imagination” (IFLA, 2003) Kinds of Library Services User Services Function in linking people to the information they are looking for Technology Services Function in gathering, cataloging, and preparing library materials Computer Services Function in maintaining databases, software programming, web design, and computer maintenance in the library Administrative Services Function in managing the library services, conveying contracts, supervising library employees, and preparing budgets for operation Classification of Libraries - school library academic library public library special library
