PLASMA UNIVERSITY
‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Course: Information Technology Management (ITM)
Lecturer Daud Ali Jeyte
• Academic Session: 2023/2023
Faculty Business Administration
• Semester: II
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Semester: II Chap_01:Introductions
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
What is an information technology
On Juley 20th 1969 one of the phenomena events
made the twenty-century history books when
apollo 11 completed his trip to the moon. A
group of brilliant men succeed the eagle helped
with the computer played the most significant
role in the guidance system navigating
spacecraft is one of the earliest forms matter
computers
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Today same capacity computers evry one is
caring on his brocket Smart phone.
Computer software and hardware have hard such
a dramatic evolution that once only used power
rockets.
Think your day!
Did you grape your breakfast snack then torn
your TV drive your car computers are
everyware
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Why we use the computer!
It transforms completely the world we are living
Computer powers calculators, medical
equipment, satellite system, Banking system
trading and connecting each other, IT is essential
the digital technology like computer to internet
to store and process to get information.
The internet is not building IT but about people
which are using.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
List of main fields we are using IT
Education
Medicine
Journalism
Construction
Transportation of Air land water (Sea or River)
Entertainment
Any industry
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
It is the way we change the world, the ways we
collaborate, share and trade together.
It become such a vital tool for the modern
world the people who didn’t have has
disadvantage. of going back ward
the information technology we divide in to two
main parts.
A- Computer Technology
B- Communications Technology
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
When these two technologies companied
they form Information Technology.
Computer is data processing machine it has
to accept DATA and produce what we call
information.
Data processed converted into information
such as Summary, Reports Totals
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A-Computer
Technology
Defining
a Computer
Is machine that accepts data as input
Processes data without human
intervention using stored instructions
Outputs information
“Program”
Is step-by-step directions for performing a specific
task
Written in a language the computer can understand
GIGO-Garbage in, garbage out
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Components
of
a
Computer
Hardware components of the computter
System
Physical devices, such
as keyboards, monitors, and
processing units
Software
Programs written in computer languages
Central processing unit (CPU)
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Control unit
Single or multiprocessor
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Components
of a Computer
Computer performance
System factors
(cont'd.)
Processor
Bus
Operating system
Disk drive
CPU case
Motherboard
Main circuit board
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Storage
and
Storage: saving data in computer memory
Retrieval
Retrieval: accessing data from memory
Data is stored in bits
Eight bits is one byte
Binary system
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)
Data code to represent and transfer data between
computers and network systems
Up to 128 characters can be defined
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Three basic tasks:
Arithmetic operations
Add, subtract, multiply, divide, raise to power
Logical operations
Comparison
Storage and retrieval operations
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Input devices
Send data and information to computer
Types
Keyboard
Mouse
Touch screen
Light pen
Trackball
Data tablet
Barcode reader
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Output devices
For mainframes and personal computers
Soft copy
Monitor
Cathode ray tube (CPT), plasma, liquid crystal
display (LCD)
Hard copy
Printer
Inkjet, laser
Voice
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Main memory
Stores data and information
Volatile
Secondary memory
Nonvolatile
Holds data when the computer is off or during course
of a program's operation
Serves as archival storage
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Semiconductor chips made of silicon
Random access memory (RAM)
Volatile
Cache RAM
Read only memory (ROM)
Nonvolatile
BIOS and system clock
PROM
EPROM
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Magnetic disks
Made of mylar or metal
Used for random-access processing
Magnetic tape
Made of a plastic material
Stores data sequentially
Optical discs
Use laser beams to access and store data
CD-ROM, WORM, DVD
WORM: Write Once Reed Memory
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Other secondary memories are
Hard disk drive
USB flash drive
Memory card
Redundant array of independent disks
(RAID) system
Collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and
improved performance
If one disk in the array fails, data isn’t lost
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
B- Telecommunication Technology
Is primarily divided into wired and wireless methods.
Overall though, a basic telecommunication system consists
of three main parts that are always present in some form or
another:
1-A Transmitter that takes information and converts it to
a signal.
2-A Transmission medium also called the physical
channel that carries the signal. An example of this is
the free space channel.
3- A receiver that takes the signal from the channel and
converts it back into usable information for the recipient.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
For example, in a radio broadcasting station the
station's large power amplifier the transmitter; and
the broadcasting antenna is the interface between the
power amplifier and the "free space channel". The
free space channel is the transmission medium; and
the receiver's antenna is the interface between the
free space channel and the receiver. Next, the radio
receiver is the destination of the radio signal, and this
is where it is converted from electricity to sound for
people to listen to.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Telecommunication networks
A Telecommunications network is a collection of
transmitters, receivers, and communications
channels that send messages to one another.
Some digital communications networks contain
one or more routers that work together to
transmit information to the correct user. An
analog communications network consists of one
or more switches that establish a connection
between two or more users.
For both types of networks, repeaters may be
necessary to amplify or recreate the signal
when it is being transmitted over long
distances.
This is to combat attenuation that can render
the signal indistinguishable from the noise.
Another advantage of digital systems over
analog is that their output is easier to store in
memory, i.e. two voltage states (high and low)
are easier to store than a continuous range of
states
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Healthcare workers
Sales agents and service workers
Insurance agents
Real estate agents
Legal professionals
Teachers and students
Financial professionals
Corporate campus workers
Remote and mobile workers
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Server
Computer and all the software for managing
network resources and offering services to a network
Types of servers
Application
Database
Disk
Fax
File
Mail
– Print
– Remote access (RAS)
– Web
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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