Sanskrit manuscripts in China
Proceedings of a panel at the 2008 Beijing
Seminar on Tibetan Studies
October 13 to 17
Edited by
Ernst Steinkellner
in cooperation with
Duan Qing, Helmut Krasser
China Tibetology Publishing House
Beijing 2009
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Dedicated to Prof. Wang Sen (1912–1991)
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A preliminary report on a newly identified
Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet*
Luo Hong, Beijing
Methodical approach
I. Tables have been adopted in order to compare the s tra(s) in the
Sanskrit manuscripts with the Tibetan translations; normally there
is one table for each s tra. When there are divergences in the punctuation, several s tras may be contained in a single table:
VS-1.***
Formula that reports the grouping of the following texts with
regard to the point in question
VSMsA
Transliteration of the s tra(s) in VSMsA
VSMsB
Transliteration of the s tra(s) in VSMsB
VSSMsA
Transliteration of the prat ka(s) in VSSMsA
*
Work on this paper has been generously supported by the Hua Fan (
) scholarship, the Ci hui (
) scholarship, the Bailin Zen Monastery
(
), Mr. Zhou Jian (
) and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) in the context of the of the FWF-Projekt P19862 “Philosophische und religiöse Literatur des Buddhismus.”
I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to Prof. Wang Bangwei (
), Prof. Duan Qing (
), Prof. Zhan Ru (
), Prof. Ernst Steinkellner, Doz. Dr. Helmut Krasser, Prof. Harunaga Isaacson and my colleagues
in and outside China for their guidance and help. Thanks for the CTRC for
supporting my studies. Special thanks to Ms. Cynthia Peck-Kubaczek for
correcting my English. Last but not least, I would like to thank my younger
brother Deng Peng (
), who has a physics background, for his inspiring
comments on the stemma codicum of the Vinayas tra.
Ernst Steinkellner, Duan Qing, Helmut Krasser (eds.), Sanskrit manuscripts in
China. Proceedings of a panel at the 2008 Beijing Seminar on Tibetan Studies,
October 13 to 17. Beijing 2009, pp. 195–224.
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Luo Hong
VSTib
VSSTib
VS Tib
VSVyTib
Translation of the s
Translation of the s
Translation of the s
Translation of the s
tra(s) in VSTib
tra(s) in VSSTib
tra(s) in VS Tib
tra(s) in VSVyTib
VSVTib
Translation of the s tra(s) in VSVTib
The s tra numbers are editorial. The formula being used to report
the grouping will be explained below in item II. The prat ka(s) in
VSSMsA as given in VSSBG have been consulted only provisionally
and need to be reexamined. The prat ka(s) in VSSMsB have, for the
time being, not been included. For the Tibetan translations, Derge
(D) and Peking (P) have been compared. In most cases, they agree
with each other; in the case of mere orthographic divergences, the
text of D is given. A blank in the chart indicates the absence of the
s tra(s) concerned.
With the help of these tables, any attested divergences, substantial or minor, can be easily found.
II. The result of the analysis is contracted into a formula in which
a colon is used to indicate disagreement between the texts with regard to the point under consideration and the plus sign, agreement.
The words in question in the s tra(s) and their respective Tibetan
equivalents are in bold script. Remarks are given under Notes. For
example:
VS-1.56
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
haimantiko grai miko v r iko m tav r iko d rghav r ika
iti || (VSMsA2b3)
VSMsB
| hemantito grai miko v r iko mitav r iko d rghav r ika
iti | (VSMsB2a2)
VSSMsA
haimantiko grai miko v r iko mitav r iko d rghav r ika
iti || (VSSBG p.12)
VSTib
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
197
VSSTib
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
VS
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
Tib
VSVyTib
VSVTib
dgun dang dbyid dang dbyar dang shi ba’i dbyar dang ring
ba’i dbyar ro ||
dgun dang dbyid dang dbyar dang shi ba’i dbyar dang ring
ba’i dbyar te |
This chart reveals that the reading of VS-1.56 in VSMsA as supported
by the translation in G2 is at variance with that in VSMsB, which is
corroborated by the translation in G1.
Through such analysis and the accumulation of the charts, regularity as indicative of textual a nity can be gradually traced.
III. For utilizing the charts to trace the stemma codicum of the
Vinayas tra, the following principles have been adopted:
1. Only cases where substantial divergence(s) occur(s) have been
selected. By substantial divergence(s) we refer to meaningful discrepancies between the Sanskrit manuscripts as confirmed by the
Tibetan translation(s). Cases where divergences find no support in
the Tibetan translations are, in general, not included as they are in
most cases either scribal errors or later intrusions. For example:
VS-1.303
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + G2
VSMsA
notthita p tra
VSMsB
| notthita
B 4b6)
p tra
kar et prak ipec cho ayed v | (VSMs-
VSSMsA
na utthita p tra
p.36)
kar et prak ipec cho ayed v || (VSSBG
VSTib
’greng bzhin du lhung bzed dbyung ba dang gzhug pa dang
bskam par mi bya’o ||
VSSTib
’greng bzhin du lhung bzed dbyung ba dang gzhug pa dang
bskam par mi bya’o ||
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kar ayec cho ayed v || (VSMsA7b6-8a1)
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VS
Luo Hong
Tib
VSVyTib
VSVTib
Notes
VS-1.418
’greng bzhin du lhung bzed dbyung ba dang gzhug pa dang
bskam par mi bya’o ||
’greng ste lhung bzed dbyung ba dang gzhug pa dang skam
pa mi bya |
langs te lhung bzed ’byung ba’am gzhug pa’am skam pa mi
bya |
It can be ascertained that prak ipet was accidentally omitted in VSMsA or its exemplar, because it is uniformly found
in VSMsB and VSSMsA as well as in all Tibetan translations,
as gzhug pa, which positively supports its presence in the
archetype. The series of three words ending with -et and the
likeness between ya and pa might have paved the way for
the oversight.
VSMsA + VSSMsA + G1 + G2: VSMsB
VSMsA
ni k sanam akara yat y
VSMsB
| sarvath ni k anam akara yat y
(VSMsB5b6)
VSSMsA
ni k sanam akara yat y
VSTib
mi byed pa nyid yin na gnas khang nas bskrad par bya’o ||
VSSTib
mi byed pa nyid yin na gnas khang nas bskrad par bya’o ||
VS
mi byed pa nyid yin na gnas khang nas bskrad par bya’o ||
Tib
layan t* || (VSMsA9b5)
layan t* |
layan t || (VSSBG p.42)
VSVyTib
ma btub na gnas khang nas bkrad ||
VSVTib
Notes
ma btub na khang bu nas dbyung ||
sarvath may have been introduced from a marginal or interlinear interpretation.
2. Selected cases are arranged topically in descending order of merit;
cases of equal merit are given in numerical order. Since omission is
considered to be the most certain indication of a nity, cases where
a s tra is absent are given first.
3. In a s tra-style text such as the VS, where a fixed position is assigned to each s tra in the net thus woven, divergences between the
punctuation of s tras have more weight than other features in probing the genetic relation between the codices. For this reason, cases
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
199
with divergent punctuation are given second priority with regard to
meaningful divergences, following the absence of s tra(s).
I. General description of VSMsA
The manuscript VSMsA is held in the Potala in Lhasa. The following
report is based on a brief inspection of a photocopy of the microfilm
of the manuscript that is kept in the library of the CTRC.
The manuscript is complete, containing 120 folios, and is in excellent condition. The microfilm of the manuscript has been photocopied onto B5 paper. The sheets are numbered 19-48 and are
kept in Box 123.1 Four folios are copied onto each page, with the
exception of folio 1, which is found on sheet 19 together with folios
belonging to another manuscript. The versos and rectos of the folios
are copied one below the other in the upper and lower half of each
page respectively; only on sheet 20 are folios 2 and 3 misarranged.
Each folio has 6 lines and each line has approximately 66 ak aras.
Each has a single string-hole slightly to the left of center; the rectangular blank areas around the string-holes are usually vertically
positioned between the first and fifth lines, and extend horizontally
over approximately the space of six ak aras. The recto of the cover
folio is blank. The pagination of the first folio is given both in figure
and letter numerals on the right margin of the verso (e.g., “ r plus
1”); the rest has only figure numerals found uniformly on the left
margin of the verso.
The manuscript is written in Nepalese hook-topped script, which
conforms well to the date found in the colophon:
... deyadharmmo ya pravaramah y na || || y yina sarvvatath gataikam rtte
r matir jasya yad atra pu yan tad bhavatv c r yop dhy yam t pit p rvva gama k tv sakalasatvar er anuttaraphal v ptaya iti || || nya graha vahni ca
caitram se sitetare
1
In Sandhak’s catalogue [Kru go’i bod kyi es rig ib ’jug lte gnas su
ñar ba’i ta la’i lo ma’i bstan bcos (spyin og ’dril ma’i par) kyi dkar chag
mdor gsal b ugs so /
(unpublished) p.105], it is registered as the third item in Box 122.
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caturthadine r ja{nva} vati nep le r jayabh madevanaran the ||
likhitam idam m dhaveneti || || (VSMsA120a2-5)2
(“... This is a donation of Matir ja, the auspicious one, a follower of
Mah y na and incarnation of all the Buddha(s), whatever merit accumulated here, with priority assigned to c rya, Up dhy ya, mother and
father, may it be for the obtaining of the supreme fruit of the multitude
of all the sentient beings! Void, planet and fire, in the month of Caitra,
on the fourth lunar day of the black fortnight, this has been copied by
M dhava in Nepal under the beneficial reign3 of the auspicious King
Jayabh madeva, the Lord of the people.”)
We are here given the year in the Nepalese era: void / 0 + planet /
9 + fire / 3 = 390, which equals approximately 1270 CE, possibly
the penultimate year of the reign of the Malla King Jayabh madeva
(1258 CE–1271 CE).
II. Paleographical features and scribal errors of VSMsA
II.1 Paleographical features
The manuscript has been written by a single hand. The most outstanding characteristic of the script is its tone of calligraphic refinement,4
2
A tentative transliteration of the colophon without further interpretation is found in Prof. Luo Zhao’s catalogue [
(unpublished) p.27].
3
The intended reading here might be r javati, see P ini’s A dhy y
5.1.117: tadarham || tad iti dvit y samarth d arham ity etasminn arthe vati
pratyayo bhavati | r j nam arhati r javat p lanam | [Jay ditya & V mana,
K ik (Banaras 1952) p.388]. This mistake might, I suppose, have been
caused by the scribe being unsure at the moment he wrote r javati whether
the -n of r jan should be retained or not when the su x vati is attached,
leading to a hesitation that is reflected in the result we see.
4
See C. Bendall’s remark in his catalogue: “After about the 12th century, the geographical and political isolation of Nepal resulted in the conservation of earlier forms, accompanied by the prevalence of several more
or less transient embellishments or calligraphic fashions peculiar to the
country.” [Catalogue of the Buddhist Sanskrit Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge (Stuttgart 1992) p. xxvii].
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
201
as can be seen in the samples in the appendix. A table of letters is
in preparation.
II.2 Scribal errors
A list of scribal errors is under preparation; for one example of haplography, see VS-1.303 above.
III. Genetic relationships
Before inspecting the genetic relationships of the codices, we would
like to roughly probe the transmission history of the Vinayas tra in
order to provide a basis upon which our review can be more or less
safely carried out.
On the evidence collected so far, it is highly probable that a wellorganized text in the same style5 or even with the same title already
existed before Gu aprabha’s work.6 Gu aprabha may have been only
a redactor7 who systematized, from the point of view of the Mathur
5
Counterparts to the Mathur p ha may be seen in the auto-commentary p havikalpa (VS-1.21, VS-1.125) and p h ntara (VS-1.319).
6
The title of the VSS, Vinayas trav ttyabhidh nasvavy khy na, suggests that the text authored by Gu aprabha might be a Svavy khy na on his
Abhidh na, and this, in turn, an explanatory text of the Vinayas trav tti,
that is to say, both the Vinayas tra and the Vinayas trav tti existed before
his work. We would like to add that VSVTib, which bears a divergent view
from that in the VSS, is doubtfully ascribed to Gu aprabha. Tibetan scholars are ambivalent about this text, considering it to be a reason for doubt
(the tshom gyi gzhi), but still consult it as an authoritative source.
7
The widely accepted attribution of the authorship of the VS to
Gu aprabha is mainly based on the strength of the colophons of its Mss.
and the opening verse in the VSSMsA and VSSMsB. However, all four extant
Mss. of the VS and VSS are already very low in the transmission line of
these two texts, and therefore the authenticity of the verse should be questioned. It seems very likely that it was a later interpolation. As for the word
k iti used in the colophons, it is possible that the distinction between author
and redactor had not yet been made and that this word was loosely applied
to both.
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tradition, the s tras that had been collected up to his time;8 in other
words, he may have created a “vulgate” of the Vinayas tra. In this,
his editorial policy seems quite sensible: he reports rejected readings
when adopting the Mathur readings.9
The following testimonia can be collated from the two codices.
III.1 VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
III.1.1 s tras lacking in VSMsA but attested in VSMsB and VSSMsA
a. VS-1.291
VSMsA + VSTib + VS
Tib
+ G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + VSSTib
VSMsA
VSMsB
| tr i p tr
i je ham madhya
VSSMsA
tr i p tr
i jye ham madhya
kan ya | (VSMsB4b5)
kan ya (iti) || (VSSBG p.35)
VSTib
VSSTib
VS
lhung bzed ni gsum te | che ba dang ’bring dang | chung ba
zhes bya ba’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
VSVTib
Notes
This s tra seems to be supported by the context, since the
s tra immediately following is devoted to illustrating the
size of the p tra.
b. VS-1.355
VSMsA + VSTib + VS
Tib
+ G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + VSSTib
VSMsA
8
Resorting in the auto-commentary to paribh
as well as to the prescriptions of subsidiary aphorisms such as adhik ras tras (VS-1.1, VS1.128, VS-1.129, VS-1.130) and sa jñ s tras (VS-1.52, VS-1.105) presupposes the existence of a considerable number of s tras. In order to for them
to be systematized, a number of supporting techniques were needed.
9
For instance, VS-1.246 navakair ity aparam ||
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
VSMsB
| naitad tman kartu
yukta
VSSMsA
na etad tman kartu
yuktam || (VSSBG p.38)
203
| (VSMsB5a5)
VSTib
VSSTib
VS
’di ni bdag nyid kyis byed par rigs pa ma yin ||
Tib
VSVyTib
VSVTib
Notes
The situation is exactly the same as that in the case of VS1.291.
III.1.2 Punctuation in VSMsA di ering from that in VSMsB and VSSMsA
a. VS-1.97
VSMsA + VSTib + VSVTib: VSMsB + VSSMsA + VSSTib + VS
+ VSVyTib
Tib
VSMsA
ntar yik n ntar yik bhijñ tv khy pit nu sakatva
saha gr ha apratibalatvena ni rayasyopani rayasya v ||
(VSMsA3b1)
VSMsB
| ntar yik n ntar yik bhijñ tv khy pit nu sakatva | |
saha gr ha apratibalatvena ni rayasy ni rayasya v |
(VSMsB2b2)
VSSMsA
anantar yik n ntar yik bhijñ tv khy pit ’nu sakatva ||
(VSSMsA8b7) saha gr ha apratibalatvena ni rayasyopa ni rayasya v | (VSSMsA9a2)
VSTib
bar du gcod pa dang bar du gcod pa ma yin pa mngon par
shes pa nyid dang smra ba po dang rjes su ston pa nyid dang
gnas dang re zhig gi gnas ’char ’jug nus pa nyid dang yang
sbyar ro ||
VSSTib
bar du gcod pa dang bar du gcod pa ma yin pa mngon par
shes pa nyid dang | smra ba po nyid dang | rjes su ston pa
nyid dang || lgan cig ’dzin du ’jug nus pa nyid gnas sam nye
bar gnas ||
VS
bar du gcod pa dang bar du gcod pa ma yin pa mngon par
shes pa nyid dang | smra ba po nyid dang rjes su ston pa
nyid || gnas dang re zhig gnas ’char gzhug nus pa nyid dang
sbyar ro ||
Tib
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VSVyTib
VSVTib
bar du gcod pa dang bar du mi gcod pa shes pa dang | bshad
pa dang | rjes su ston pa’o || gnas dang nye bar gnas pa ’chol
nus pa dang sbyar ||
bar du gcod pa dang | mi gcod pa mngon par shes te | ’chad
pa dang ston pa dang gnas pa nye bar gnas pa ’dzin par
gzhug nus pa dang bcas pa la yang ngo ||
b. VS-1.339
VSMsA + VSTib + VS
Tib
: VSMsB + VSSMsA + VSSTib + G2
VSMsA
anuti het p trabandhana
(VSMsA8a6)
|| pratigupte prade e ||
VSMsB
| anuti het p trabandhana
(VSMsB5a3-4)
pratiguptiprade e |
VSSMsA
anuti het p trabandhana
p.37)
VSTib
lhung bzed glan pa la nan tan bya’o || dben pa’i phyogs
su’o ||
VSSTib
’dir lhan pa ni dben pa’i phyogs su bsgrub par bya’o ||
VS
lhung bzed glan pa la nan tan du bya’o || dben pa’i phyogs
su’o ||
Tib
pratigupte prade e || (VSSBG
VSVyTib
dben pa’i phyogs su lhung bzed kyi lhan pa gdab ||
VSVTib
lhung bzed kyi lhan pa’ang nan tan du phyogs dben pa’o ||
III.1.3 Divergent words
a. VS-1.30
VSMsA + G1 + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA
VSMsA
pa cime trop dhy y rthasya || (VSMsA2a2-3)
VSMsB
pa cime trop dhy yatvasya | (VSMsB1b5)
VSSMsA
pa cime ’trop dhy yatvasyeti | (VSSMsA4b6)
VSTib
’dir tha ma mkhan po’i don to ||
VSSTib
’dir tha ma la mkhan po’i don to ||
VS
’dir tha ma la mkhan po’i don to ||
Tib
VSVyTib
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’dir tha mas mkhan po’i don to ||
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
VSVTib
Notes
205
tha mas der mkhan por don no ||
VSMsA and all Tibetan translations point to -artha, but -tva is
supported by the context. The previous s tra states: VS-1.29
tadyath parotºk rttanak le r ma era tvasya || (VSMsA2a2),
and the next one states: paryanto ni rayad nasyaikar tra
ni ra
yatvena pratyupasth na || (VSMsA2a3).
b. VS-1.560
VSMsA + VSVyTib: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + VSVTib
VSMsA
adharmmabh a a
VSMsB
|a
VSSMsA
adharma
VSTib
chos ma yin pa smra na bzlog par bya’o ||
VSSTib
chos ma yin pa smra ba | bzlog par bya’o ||
VS
chos ma yin pa smra ba na bzlog par bya’o ||
Tib
prativahet* || (VSMsA12a5)
dharmabh am
bh am
a
a
prativahet* | (VSMsB7a3)
prativadet || (VSSBG p.49)
VSVyTib
chos ma yin par smra ba can dgag |
VSVTib
Notes
chos ma yin pa smra na dgag |
smra ba can attested in VSVyTib can serve to justify the
reading of VSMsA , since can corresponds to the k t su x in
bh a a.
c. VS-1.503
VSMsA + G1 + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA
VSMsA
p rvvakriy bh va uttara || (VSMsA11a3)
VSMsB
| p rvakriy bh v d uttara | (VSMsB 6b2)
VSSMsA
p rvakriy -abh v d uttara || (VSSBG p.46)
VSTib
byed pa dang po med na ’og mas so ||
VSSTib
byed pa dang po med na ’og mas so ||
VS
byed pa dang po med na ’og mas so ||
Tib
VSVyTib
byed pa snga ma med na rim gyis so ||
VSVTib
Notes
snga ma byed pa med na rim gyis so ||
rim gyis in G2 suggests a reading other than uttara . We
can therefore not totally ignore the reading shared by VSMsB
and VSSMsA , although it is not supported by the Tibetan
translations.
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III.2 VSMsA + VSMsB: VSSMsA
III.2.1 Divergent punctuation
a. VS-1.411-2
VSMsA + VSMsB: VSSMsA + G1 + G2
VSMsA
a raddhasyaitadarhatva || kus tasya durvvacaso n dritasya
p pami
trasya ca || (VSMsA9b4)
VSMsB
| a raddhasyetadarhatva | | kus tasya durvacaso n d tasya
p pamitrasya ca | (VSMsB5b5)
VSSMsA
a raddhasyetadarhatvam, kus dasya, durvacaso, n hatasya,
p pamitrasya ca || (VSS BG p.42)
VSTib
ma dad pa dang le lo can dang bka’ blo mi bde ba dang ma
gus pa dang sdig pa’i grogs byed pa la de dag ’os pa nyid
do ||
VSSTib
ma dad pa dang | le lo can dang | bka’ blo mi bde ba dang |
ma gus pa dang | sdig pa’i grogs byed pa la de dag ’os pa
nyid do ||
VS
ma dad pa dang | le lo can dang bka’ blo mi bde ba dang |
ma gus pa dang sdig pa’i grogs byed pa la de dag ’os pa nyid
do ||
Tib
VSVyTib
ma dad pa dang le lo can dang bka’ blo mi bde ba dang ma
gus pa dang | sdig pa’i grogs po can dang ’di rnams la ’os
so ||
VSVTib
rigs pa ni ma dad pa dang le lo can dang ngag dka’ ba dang
bsti stang med pa dang sdig pa’i grogs po can no ||
The reading of VSSMsA is commonly supported by the Tibetan translations, but the reading of VSMsA and VSMsB seems to
be at least equally tenable. The auto-commentary gives no
clues in this regard.
Notes
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b. VS-1.569
VSMsA + VSMsB: VSSMsA + G1: VSVyTib: VSVTib
VSMsA
utt namukhavar
(VSMsA12b1)
VSMsB
| utt namukhavar a smatap rva gamo vigatabh ku i |
(VSMsB7a4)
VSSMsA
utt namukhavar a || smitap rva gama || vigatabhrukui || (VSSBG p.50)
VSTib
bzhin gyi mdangs gsal bar bya’o || ’dzum pa sngar bya’o ||
khro gnyer med par bya’o ||
VSSTib
bzhin gyi mdangs gsal bar bya’o || ’dzum pa sngar bya’o ||
khro gnyer med par bya’o ||
VS
bzhin gyi mdangs gsal bar bya’o || ’dzum pa sngar bya’o ||
khro gnyer med par bya’o ||
Tib
asmitap rvva gamo vigatakud
i ||
VSVyTib
ngom zum gsal zhing || ’dzum ba sngon du ’gro ba’o ||
VSVTib
gdong gi kha dog mdangs can ’dzum zhing thog mar ’gro’o ||
khro gnyer med par ro ||
VSVyTib lacks an equivalent to vigatakud i or vigatabh ku i .
Notes
III.2.2 Divergent words
VS-1.152
VSMsA + VSMsB + *V tti: VSSMsA + G1: *Vy khy na
VSMsA
k c cauro dhvajabaddhaka || (VSMsA4b6)
VSMsB
| k cc(au)ro dhvajabadhaka | (VSMsB3a4-5)
VSSMsA
k t cauro prajñ ta | (VSSBG p.25)
VSTib
bkol ba chom rkun par grags pa’o ||
VSSTib
bkol ba chom rkun par grags pa’o ||
VS
bgol ba chom rkun par grags pa’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
rkun po’i mtshan ma can krid ||
VSVTib
Notes
krid rkun po’i rgyal mtsan btsugs pa |
The reading mtshan ma can suggests that the exemplar of
VSVyTib might bear another reading.
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Luo Hong
III.3 Peculiar reading in VSMsB
III.3.1 Peculiar punctuation
VS-1.488
VSMsA + VSSMsA + G1 + VSVyTib: VSMsB + VSVTib
VSMsA
satk tyak r || (VSMsA10b6)
VSMsB
| satk tyak ri pr s dikaprasth na | (VSMsB 6b1)
VSSMsA
satk tyak r || (VSSBG p.45)
VSTib
gus par byas te bya ba dang ||
VSSTib
gus par byas te bya ba dang ||
VS
gus par bya ste bya ba dang ||
Tib
VSVyTib
gzab cing bya ||
VSVTib
brtsams pa gus shing gsong por bya ||
III.3.2 Peculiar wording
VS-1.542
VSMsA + VSVyTib: VSMsB: VSSMsA + G1 + VSVTib
VSMsA
sarvvapa c t m kasyacit* ka cit* pramu itam ity
apety d ram uts rayet || (VSMsA11b6)
VSMsB
| sarvapa c t m kasyacit kiñcit pramu itam ity apetya
d ram uts rayet* | (VSMsB7a1)
VSSMsA
sarva
d ra
VSTib
ring por ma son pa thams cad kyi tha mar la la’i cung zad
ma lus sam zhes ’phral du dran par bya’o ||
VSSTib
ring por ma son par thams cad kyi tha mar la la’i cung zad
ma lus sam zhes ’phral du dran par bya’o ||
VS
ring por ma son par thams cad kyi tha mar la la’i cung zad
ma lus sam zhes ’phral du dran par bya’o ||
Tib
pa c t m kasyacit kiñcit pramu itamity apetya
utsm rayet || (VSSBG p.48)
VSVyTib
mi ring bar ’phags nas su’i gang ci’ang ma brjed dam zhes
mjug tu bskul ||
VSVTib
mi ring bar ’phags te thams cad kyi phyi nas gang gis cung
zad ma lus sam zhes dran par bya ||
Notes
With regard to both divergences attested here, VSVyTib
alone conforms to VSMsA; G1
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
209
and VSVTib agree with VSSMsA . The reading of VSMsB seems
to be an eclectic combination of VSMsA and VSSMsA , that is
to say, kiñcit from VSSMsA and uts rayet from VSMsA; it finds
no support in the Tibetan translations. This might be a sign
of contamination.
III.4 VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
III.4.1 Divergent punctuation
a. VS-1.576-7
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
upagacched vilom
parijanakri | y
gh t ya || (VSMsA12b2-3)
VSMsB
| upagacched vilom
gh t ya | (VSMsB7a5)
VSSMsA
upagacched vilom
parijanakriy
gh t ya || (VSSBG p.50)
VSTib
g-yog ’khor gyi bya ba mi mthun pa gal te rang dang gzhan
la gnod par mi ’gyur ba ni ci bder gzhag go ||
VSSTib
g-yogs ’khor gyi bya ba mi mthun pa gal te rang dang gzhan
la gnod par mi ’gyur ba ni ci bder gzhag go ||
VS
g-yogs ’khor gyi bya ba mi mthun pa gal te rang dang gzhan
la gnod par mi ’gyur ba ni ci bder gzhag go ||
Tib
parijanakriy
|| na cetº svaparopana cet svaparopa, na cet svaparopa-
VSVyTib
’khor ’gal bar byed pa dang du blang | gal te bdag dang pha
rol la mi gnod na’o |
VSVTib
phyi ’khor dag gam mi mthun par byed na mi dgag | de ste
bdag dang gzhan la mi gnod pa’o |
Notes
In G2, upagacched vilom
parijanakriy m and na cet
svaparopagh t ya are separated into two, the most telling
evidence for this division being in VSVTib:
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Luo Hong
s tra ltag ma ltar log pa’i chos spyod pa gzhag pa yang bdag dang
gzhan la mi gnod na mi dgag par gzhag |
b. VS-1.642
VSVyTib
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
janak bhy m
etat ||
pariv ttavya jan bhy m
api ||
(VSMsA13b5-6)
| janak bhy m etat pariv tavya
| | n bhy m api | (VSMsB7b6-8a1)
janak bhy m etat pariv ttavya jan bhy m api || (VSSBG
p.58)
de ni skyed par byed pa gnyis las te mtshan gyur pa gnyis
las kyang ngo ||
de ni skyed par byed pa gnyis las te mtshan gyur pa gnyis
las kyang ngo ||
de ni skyed par byed pa gnyis las te | mtshan gyur pa gnyis
las kyang ngo ||
’di ni skyes pa dag las so | mtshan gyur pa dag kyang ngo |
VSVTib
bskyed pa dag la de’o | mtshan du gyur kyang ngo |
VSMsA
VSMsB
VSSMsA
VSTib
VSSTib
VS
Tib
III.4.2 Divergent wording
a. VS-1.56
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
haimantiko graismiko v r iko m tav r iko d rghav r ika
iti || (VSMsA2b3)
VSMsB
| hemantito graismiko v r iko mitav r iko d rghav r ika
iti | (VSMsB2a2)
VSSMsA
haimantiko graismiko v r iko mitav r iko d rghav r ika
iti || (VSSBG p.12)
VSTib
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
VSSTib
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
VS
dgun gyi dus dang | dpyid kyi dus dang | dbyar gyi dus dang |
dbyar thung ngu’i dus dang | dbyar ring po’i dus so ||
Tib
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
VSVyTib
VSVTib
Note
211
dgun dang dbyid dang dbyar dang shi ba’i dbyar dang ring
ba’i dbyar ro ||
dgun dang dbyid dang dbyar dang shi ba’i dbyar dang ring
ba’i dbyar te |
The reading of the fourth enumerated season are divergent
in VSMsA and VSMsB, which read m tav r ika and mitav r ika
respectively. Both have been retained in the Tibetan: mitav r ika / dbyar thung ngu’i dus in G1, m tav r ika / shi ba’i
dbyar in G2. Yijing’s translation of ekottarakarma ataka
as
(the season of ending)10 indicates that the reading m tav r ika may have been the more widely accepted; mitav r ika might be a prakrit corresponding to
m tav r ika.
b. VS-1.125
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
m te gl nya
kiñcid ast ti v || (VSMsA4a3)
VSMsB
|m te gl nya
kañcid ast ti v | (VSMsB2b6)
VSSMsA
m te gl nya
kañcid ast ti v || (VSSBG p.21)
VSTib
khyod la nad gang yang rung ba med dam zhes byar yang
rung ngo ||
VSSTib
khyod la nad gang yang rung ba med dam zhes bya bar
yang rung ngo ||
VS
khyod la nad gang yang rung ba med dam zhes bya bar
yang rung ngo ||
Tib
VSVyTib
khyod la nad cung zad kyang med dam zhes kyang ngo ||
VSVTib
khyod la nad cung zad kyang med dam zhes kyang ngo ||
c. VS-1.584
VSMsA + G2: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
sarvvatra pravraj y m* || (VSMsA12b5)
VSMsB
bhik u
10
11
bhik usth ne sarvasya pravraj y
| (VSMsB7a6)11
[
T24 p.458.1]
A sign resembling a plus sign and one dot inserted between bhik usth -
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Luo Hong
VSSMsA
sarvasya pravrajy y m || (VSSBG p.51)
VSTib
rab tu ’byung ba thams cad kyi’o ||
VSSTib
rab tu byung ba thams cad kyi’o ||
VS
rab tu ’byung ba thams cad kyi’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
rab tu ’byung ba thams cad la’o ||
VSVTib
rab tu ’byung ba thams cad du’o ||
III.5 VSMsA + VSVTib: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + VSVyTib
III.5.1 Divergent wording
a. VS-1.552
VSMsA + VSVTib: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + VSVyTib
VSMsA
par adantav n* sarv
VSMsB
| par ada
VSSMsA
par ada
VSTib
de dang ldan pa thams cad kyis ’khor la so sor brtag par
bya’o ||
VSSTib
de dang ldan pa thams cad kyis ’khor la so sor brtag par
bya’o ||
VS
de dag dang ldan pa thams cad kyis ’khor la so sor brtag
par bya’o ||
Tib
pratyavek et || (VSMsA12a3)
tadv n sarva pratyavek eta | (VSMsB7a2-3)
tadv n sarva pratyavek eta || (VSSBG p.49)
VSVyTib
de dang ldan pa rnams kyis ’khor brtag |
VSVTib
Notes
’khor can gyis thams cad la brtag |
VSMsB reads, “All who have this12 should supervise the assembly (of adherents)”; however, VSMsA reads, “One who has
an assembly should supervise all,” which is exactly equiva-
ne and sarvasya seems to suggest a di erent punctuation or a correction.
12
According to VS Tib, sarva refers to any monk who has gathered a
crowd of adherents around him, not merely an elder of the community: de
dag dang ldan pa thams cad kyis ’khor la so sor brtag par bya’o zhes bya
ba ni ’khor de dang ldan pa’i dge slong thams cad kyis kyang rang rang gi
’khor la so sor brtag par bya’i dge ’dun gyi gnas brtan ’ba’ zhig gis bya bar
ma zad do zhes bya ba’i thag tshig go ||
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213
lent to VSVTib: ’khor can gyis thams cad la brtag | dge ’dun
gyis gnas brtan gyis bdag gi ’khor du gtogs pa’i dge slong
rnams legs par spyod dam mi spyod pa brtag cing blta ||
b. VS-1.81
VSMsA + VSVTib: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + VSVyTib
VSMsA
gl nopasth nakauk tyaprativinodanad i ¦
gatapratini sarg nabhiratisth napram lan n
kara ak ra e s mrthyam || (VSMsA3a4)
VSMsB
|
gl nopasth nakauk tyaprativinodanap pakad igatapratini sarg nabhiratisth napram lan n
kara ak ra e
s m rtha | (VSMsB2a6)
VSSMsA
gl nopasth na.kauk ty prativinodanap pakad igatapra
tinissargg .nabhiratisth napram lan n
| kara ak ra e
s m rthya || (VSSMsA7b6)
VSTib
nad g-yog dang ’gyod pa bsal ba dang sdig pa can gyi lta
ba’i rnam pa spang ba dang || gnas pa dor bar mi dga’ ba dor
ba dag la byed dam byed du ’jug nus pa’o ||
VSSTib
nad g-yog dang ’gyod pa bsal ba dang sdig pa can gyi lta
ba’i rnam pa spang ba dang || gnas mngon par mi dga’ ba
dor ba dag la byed dam byed du ’jug nus pa’o ||
VS
nad g-yog dang | ’gyod pa bsal ba dang | sdig pa can gyi lta
ba’i rnam pa spang ba dang | gnas mngon par mi dga’ ba dor
ba dag la byed dam byed du ’jug nus pa’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
nad g-yog dang the tshom sel ba dang | sdig pa’i lta bar
gyur pa ldog pa dang | mi dga’ ba’i gnas btang ba rnams
bya’am byed du gzhug nus pa’o ||
VSVTib
nad g-yog dang | the tshom bsal ba dang | lta bar gyur pa
spong ba dang | mi dga’ ba’i gnas nas gtang ba bya zhing
byed du gzhug nus pa’o ||
It should be noted that sdig pa’i lta bar gyur pa ldog pa is
attested in VSVyTib. In the s tra’s translation, however, we
find lta par song pa las bzlog as a citation in the following
interpretation.
Notes
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Luo Hong
III.6 Other transmission lines
III.6.1 Suggested by VSSMsA
a. VS-1.451
VSMsA + VSMsB + G2; VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
VSMsB
VSSMsA
ukodakadantak
|
ukodakadantak
ukadantak
h{ }pan mana
hopan mana
| (VSMsB 6a3-4)
ha-upan manam || (VSSBG p.44)
VSTib
’dag rdzas dang so shing dbul lo ||
VSSTib
’dag rdzas dang so shing dbul lo ||
VS
’dag rdzas dang so shing dbul lo ||
Tib
|| (VSMsA10a5-6)
VSVyTib
go ’dun dang chu dang so shing bsngogs ||
VSVTib
go ’dun chu dang so shing bsnyen ||
Note
The divergence lies in the absence or presence of udaka /
chu in the s tra. On this point we find an informative remark in VS Tib:
’dag rdzas dang so shing dbul lo zhes bya ba ni || gnas de la
gnas pa des ’dag rdzas dang so shing dag dbul zhing bstabs
par bya’o || chu la sogs pa ni ma bstan yang grub pa’i phyir
ma smos so ||
The author of VS Tib is of the opinion that because water and
suchlike are universally known, there is no need to mention
them in the s tra. Obviously, the point of the remark is to
dispel any doubts that might possibly be felt when, in another reading such as that shared by VSMsA and VSMsB, udaka
is included. In other words, the author knew the existence of
another reading of the s tra and endeavored to justify the
one belonging to his own tradition.
b. VS-1.103
VSMsA + VSMsB + G2: VSSMsA + G1
VSMsA
{nya}n nyas traividyo pi || (VSMsA3b3)
VSMsB
| n nyas traividyo pi | (VSMsB2b3)
VSSMsA
n nyath traividyo ’pi || (VSSBG p.18)
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
VSTib
gzhan du na gsum rig pa yin yang mi bya’o ||
VSSTib
gzhan du na gsum rig pa yin yang mi bya’o ||
VS
gzhan du na gsum rig pa yin yang mi bya’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
gzhan ni rig pa gsum dang ldan yang ma yin ||
VSVTib
gzhan gsum rig pa ’ang ma yin no ||
215
Notes
In this case, VSMsA and VSMsB share the same reading, which
is supported by the translation in G2; the reading underlying
G1 seems to be that attested in VSSMsA . However, another
equally acceptable possibility is that the reading n nyatra
traividyo ’pi || might have been shared by VSTib, VSSTib and
VS Tib4.13 It is not unusual in such cases for readings to have
changed due to eye-skip: dittography if one supposes the
extant reading shared by VsMsA and VSMsB to be the original,
or haplography, if the reading behind G1 is attested in the
archetype, the result of a series of corruptions:
n nyas traividyo pi || n nyastratraividyo pi || n nyatra traividyo pi ||
n nyatra traividyo pi || n nyatraividyo pi || n nyas traividyo pi ||
III.6.2 Suggested by the Tibetan translations
a. VS-1.105
VSMsA + VSMsB + VSSMsA + VSVTib: G1 + VSVyTib
VSMsA
k t etat t rthy n r dhit
(VSMsA3b4)
dit rthy ntavarjya
||
VSMsB
| n n r dhitacittam uts jya kyam gneyañ ca ja ila
t rthya
pravrajayeyur upasa p dayeyur v 14 k t etat
t rthy n r dhit dit rthy nta varjam* | (VSMsB2b3)
VSSMsA
| k t etad t rthya-an r dhit di-t rthy nta-varja[na]m ||
(VSSBG p.19)
13
Since both anyatra and anyath can be translated as gzhan du or
gzhan du ni; see Negi [J.S. Negi, Bod skad da legs sbyar gyi tshig mdzod
chen mo (Varanasi 1993) Vol.12 pp.5225-5227]. In my view, gzhan du na
attested in G1 is being used in the sense of gzhan du ni.
14
Two dots found between v and k t might indicate a di erent punctuation or a correction.
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Luo Hong
VSTib
bkol ba de ni mu stegs can dang sh kya la sogs pa’i ’jug gi
mu stegs can bkol ba’o ||
VSSTib
bkol ba de ni mu stegs can dang sh kya la sogs pa’i mjug gi
mu stegs can bkol ba’o ||
VS
bkol ba de ni mu stegs can dang sh kya la sogs pa’i mjug gi
mu stegs can bkol ba la’i ||
Tib
VSVyTib
de dag la mu stegs can dang | kya la sogs pa mu stegs can
zhes pa’i bar du ma gtogs pa khrid |
VSVTib
krid ces de dag la mur ’dug dang ma rangs pa la sogs pa15
mur ’dug gi bar du ma gtogs |
It is noteworthy that with respect to the definition of the
coined term k t, only the translation in VSVTib coincides
with the extant Sanskrit texts; the version underlying the
other translations, which agree with one another, seems to
be k t etat t rthya ky dit rthy ntavarjanam |
Notes
b. VS-1.564
VSMsA + VSMsB + VSSMsA + G2: G1 | VSMsA + VSMsB: VSVyTib?:
VSSMsA + G1 + VSVTib
VSMsA
utºk iptacak u || dharmmy
(VSMsA12a5-6)
VSMsB
| utk iptacak u || dharmy
(VSMsB7a4)
g hibhya kath
kury t* |
VSSMsA
avak ipta-cak ur || dharmy
(VSSBG p.49)
g hibhya kath
kury t ||
VSTib
mig smad pa dang khyim pa rnams la chos dang ldan pa’i
gtam bya’o ||
VSSTib
mig dmad pa dang khyim pa rnams la chos dang ldan pa’i
gtam bya’o ||
VS
mig smad pa dang khyim pa rnams la chos dang ldan pa’i
gtam bya’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
g hibhya kath
kury t ||
mig mi g-yeng || khyim bdag la chos kyi gtam bya ||
15
A mechanical translation of di, which here should be in the sense of
“beginning with ...”
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217
VSVTib
mig dbab || khyim pa la chos kyi gtam bya ||
Notes
With regard to punctuation, VSMsA , VSMsB and VSSMsA agree
with G2, while G1 suggests a di erent division of the
s tras.
It is di cult to explain utk iptacak u in VSMsA and VSMsB
since it is intrinsically questionable and not supported by
any Tibetan translation. The error shared by VSMsA and
VSMsB is significant and might suggest conflation.
c. VS-1.479
VSMsA + VSMsB + VSSMsA + G2; G1
VSMsA
anair etatº || n tivela
VSMsB
| anair etat* | | n tivela
VSSMsA
|| (VSMsA10b5)
| (VSMsB 6a6)
anair etat || na ativelam || (VSSBG p.45)
VSTib
de ni dal bus dang yun mi ring bar bya’o ||
VSSTib
de ni dal bus dang yun mi ring bar bya’o ||
VS
de ni dal bus dang yun mi ring bar bya’o ||
Tib
VSVyTib
dal gyis || yun mi ring ||
VSVTib
de dal bus bya || rgyun mi bsring ||
VI. Conclusions
Any conclusion at the present time is of a hypothetical nature because we have not yet been able to collate all the relevant materials.
However, although we are not yet in a good position to draw definite
conclusions, it is not practical to put o the question of the interrelationships of the manuscripts16 until the end of the collation; for
16
“The investigator will not put o the question of the interrelationships
of the manuscripts till he has finished collating them: he will be considering it while he collates them, forming and modifying hypotheses all the
time. This will not only make the work considerably more interesting to do
(which will make him more alert and accurate while doing it), it will also
shorten it, as will be explained presently.” Martin L. West, Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique applicable to Greek and Latin texts. Stuttgart
1973, p. 65.
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Luo Hong
the sake of our future work and in the hope of gathering suggestions
and remarks for its improvement we venture, therefore, to postulate
the following hypothesis on the basis of the statistical data from the
twenty-two cases selected from the 648 s tras of the Pravrajy vastu
as well as from other evidence:
VSMsA:
VSSMsA
VSMsB:
VSMsA
VSMsB +
VSSMsA
1. VS-1.291
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
2. VS-1.355
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
3. VS-1.97
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
4. VS-1.339
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
5. VS-1.30
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
6. VS-1.560
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
7. VS-1.503
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
8. VS-1.411-2
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
9. VS-1.569
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
10. VS-1.152
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
11. VS-1.576-7
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
12.VS-1.642-3
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
13. VS-1.56
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
14. VS-1.125
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
15. VS-1.584
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
16. VS-1.552
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
17. VS-1.81
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA
18. VS-1.451
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
19. VS-1.103
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
20. VS-1.564
VSSMsA: VSMsB + VSMsA
21. VS-1.488
VSMsB: VSMsA + VSSMsA
22. VS-1.542
VSMsB: VSMsA: VSSMsA
21/22
16/22
14/22
: agreement blank: disagreement
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
219
IV.1 We have 21 cases of VSMsA: VSSMsA, pointing to VSMsA disagreeing substantially with the transmission line suggested by VSSMsA (see
III.6.1). The two may represent independent and direct transmission
lines of the Vinayas tra.
IV.2 The interlinear glossary in VSMsB proves to be an auto-commentary, a fact which suggests that the scribe had access to at least
two manuscripts, one of VS and another of VSS. The utilization of
Tibetan script adds weight to this assumption, since otherwise there
were good reasons for scribes to copy manuscripts in the same script
as that of the exemplar. For this, we would like to cite an example:
VS-1.54
VSMsA: VSMsB + VSSMsA + G1 + G2
VSMsA
VSMsB
| samayañ ca pañcaite | (VSMsB2a2)
VSSMsA
samayañ ca [pañcaite || (VSSBG p. 12)
VSTib
dus tshod kyang ngo ||
VSSTib
dus tshod kyang ngo ||
VS
dus tshod kyang ngo ||
Tib
VSVyTib
dus kyang ngo ||
VSVTib
dus kyang ngo ||
Notes
In VSMsB, a sign, somewhat faint but still recognizable in
the microfilm of Peking University and very clear in the
Göttingen Ms, is added between ca and pañcaite. We might
suppose it to be intended to report something special, either
an omission as in VSMsA or a di erent punctuation as suggested by the Tibetan translations. For more examples, see
fn. 11 and fn. 14.
The absence of VS-1.54 in VSMsA might be due to scribal
oversight, since the absence is not supported by the Tibetan translations, and it seems essential to include this s tra
here. The successive presence of -ñc- in the exemplar might
have been responsible for the scribe’s eye-skip.
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Luo Hong
In VS-1.542 (III.3.2.), the reading of VSMsB seems to be a mixture of
the readings in VSMsA and VSSMsA. It finds no support in the Tibetan
translations. Thus it seems that VSMsB might be a misch-codex.
IV.3 In general, VSMsB relates closely to the line suggested by VSSMsA;
it sides with VSSMsA fourteen times, but only six times with VSMsA.
IV.4 The Sanskrit originals behind G2 seem to bear a close
relationship to VSMsA, especially the one underlying VSVTib, while
those behind G1 seem closer to VSMsB and VSSMsA; see III.4 and
III.5.
IV.5 There may also exist other transmission lines as suggested by
the Tibetan translations; see III.6.2.
IV.6 Based on the above conclusions and our knowledge of the
transmission history of the Vinayas tra, we may draw a hypothetical stemma codicum of the Vinayas tra. Non-extant manuscripts
are marked with asterisk, arrow-headed lines represent transmission
lines that have been more or less ascertained, and arrow-headed broken lines represent transmission lines theoretically assumed:
*OM
*OX
Beijing proceedings ges.indb 220
hypothetical original text circulated in Mathur
hypothetical original text other than *OM
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
221
*V
vulgate redacted by Gu aprabha
lost archetype
*A, *B and *C lost ancestors
*VSMsA
close ancestor of VSMsA
*VSMsB
a hypothetical source of VSMsB suggested by VSSMsA
The task before us can therefore be more accurately defined as a
restoration of Gu aprabha’s Vinayas tra, the vulgate he edited in
Mathur .17 In any case we should avoid producing “a hybrid version
which never existed”.18
1b
1b1 namo lokan th ya || atha niry av tta || sarvvasmin* sannipatite sa ghe k teda ve a nipatya g h t ñjalim ut*ku ukastha
v ddh nte y citavanta trirjñapti caturthena karmma
saha
pravra1b2 jyopasa pad v upanayeyur iti pur kalpa || ni ritasya ki citº
bhik u tatrop dhy yatay pravrajyopasampadau || p v ntar yika pari uddh ya p rvvop dhy yatven vak a kury tº || n 1b3 nupasampannasya p rvvam up sakatva r ma eratvabhik utv n
m u ttara || ara agatyabhyupagamavacanopakramam up saka
tva r ma eratv bhyupagamavacana kurvv ta || anantara- ¦
1b4 m asya ik ot*k rttanam abhyupagamar pe a || svayam up sakat
m upan y rocak ya sa ghasy rppayet* bhik ave || kaccit*
pari udhyat ti p v uddham rocayet* || sarvvasanni- ¦
17
“As Sukthankar suggests, places of pilgrimages may have played an
important part in this revision, correction or conflation of Mss.” S. M. Katre, Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism. Poona 1954, p.25.
18
“In the case of a work that survives in more than one recension, the
editor must either give each recension separately or choose one as a representative. He must not conflate them into a hybrid version which never
existed (though he may use one to correct copyists’ errors in another).”
West 1973 (s. n. 16), p.70.
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Luo Hong
1b5 p tena v sanni a e nulayanam v || sacet* pari uddhyati sarvve ¦
br yu || up dhy ya y ceta || ke a ma rvu (!) vat rayet c a ||
avat ryat
c eti p en nujñ te t mº ||
1b6 sn y t* || up dhy ya k y i vastr i dady t* || p dayor nnipatya pratig h t* || up dhy ya pr v uy t* || vya jana pratyavek et sa {|}cetita || pravrajyam upanayena ara agama118b
118b4 ayan
sanavastugata k udra di >k di || || kaly a || ||
sam ptam vinayas tram* || || k tir c {gu} ryagu118b5 aprabhasya || ||
120a
120a1 vinayasa grahak ri(k )
120a2 sam pt || || k tir c ryagu aprabhasya || ye dharmm hetuprabhav hetun te
tath gato hy avadatº | te
ca yo nirodha
eva v d mah rama a || deyadharmmo ya pravarama
120a3 h y na || || y yina sarvvatath gataikam rtte
r matir jasya
yad atra pu yan tad bhavatv c ryop dhy yam t pit p rvva gama
k tv sakalasatvar er a120a4 nuttaraphal v ptaya iti || ||
nya
graha vahni ca
caitram se sitetare caturthadine r ja{nva} vati nep le r jayabh madevanaran the || likhitam idam m 120a5 dhaveneti || ||
Abbreviations and sigla
VS
Vinayas tra
VSMsA
Photocopy of a Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra held by
the China Tibetology Research Centre
VSMsB
Microfilm of a Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra held by
the Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts & Buddhist Literature at Peking University
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A newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas tra from Tibet
223
VSR
R hula
k ty yana ed., Vinayas tra of Bhadanta Gu aprabha.
(Singhi Jain Series 74) Singhi Jain stra ik p tha: Bombay
1981
VST
Transliteration of VSMsB by the study group at Taish University
VSS
Vinayas trav ttyabhidh nasvavy khy na
VSSMsA
Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas trav ttyabhidh nasvavy k
hy na in Proto-Bengali script
VSSMsB
Sanskrit manuscript of the Vinayas trav ttyabhidh nasvavy k
hy na in Tibetan dBu med script
VSSBG
P. V. Bapat and V. V. Gokhale (eds.), Vinaya-S tra and
Auto-Commentary on the Same by Gu aprabha. Chapter
I—Pravrajy -vastu, Compared with the Tibetan Version. K. P.
Jayaswal Research Institute: Patna 1982.
VSST
Edition of VSSMsB prepared by the Study Group at Taish University
VSTib
’Dul ba’i mdo. (D,No4117 .1b1~100a7; P,No5619 .1~109b8)
VSSTib
’Dul ba’i mdo’i ’grel pa mngon par brjod pa rang gi rnam par
bshad pa zhes bya ba. (D,No4119; P,No5621)
VS
’Dul ba’i mdo’i rgya cher ’grel pa. (D,No4120; P,No5622)
Tib
VSVyTib
’Dul ba’i mdo’i rnam par bshad pa. (D,No4121; P,No5623)
VSVTib
’Dul ba’i mdo’i ’grel pa. (D,No4122;P, No562)
G1
Group 1, refers to VSTib, VSSTib and VS
G2
Group 2, refers to VSVyTib and VSVTib
Tib
Editorial signs
‹›
{}
()
*
º
’
|
||
Beijing proceedings ges.indb 223
contain added ak aras
contain deleted ak aras or da a
contain restored ak aras or part(s) of an ak ara
vir ma
lacking vir ma
avagraha
da a or shad
double da a or nyis shad
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224
>
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Luo Hong
siddham
string-hole
k kap da, single or double
indicate replacement of ak ara(s)
14.12.2009 10:47:58