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SECOND EDITION
American
ENGLISH FILE
Multi-Pack
Student Book
Workbook
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
OXFORD
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American
ENGLISH FILE
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of
English File 1 and English File 2
OXFORD
U N IV E R S IT Y P R E S S
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Contents
Grammar
Vocabulary
Pronunciation
1
4
A Mood food
simple present and continuous, action
and nonaction verbs
food and cooking
vowel sounds
8
B Family life
future forms: present continuous,
going to, w ill/ won't
Jg) each other
family, adjectives of
personality
sentence stress, word
stress, adjective endings
12
■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Meeting the parents
2
14
A Spend or save?
present perfect and simple past
money
the letter o
18
B Changing lives
present perfect + for/since,
present perfect continuous
strong adjectives: exhausted,
amazed, etc.
sentence stress, stress
on strong adjectives
22
REVIEW & CHECK 1&2
On the street; Short movies Goodwill Industries
3
24
A Race across Miami
comparatives and superlatives
transportation
/ʃ/, /dy, and It,f/, linking
28
B Stereotypes-or are they?
articles: a/an, the, no article
collocation: verbs /
adjectives + prepositions
/o/, sentence stress, /ðə/
or /Nil?
32
PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 A difficult celebrity
4
34
A Failure and success
can, could, be able to
j/j) reflexive pronouns
-ed / -ing adjectives
sentence stress
38
B Modern manners?
modals of obligation: must, have to,
should
^5) should have
phone language
silent consonants, linking
42
REVIEW & CHECK 3&4 M i On the street; Short movies Citi bikes
5
44
A Sports superstitions
past tenses: simple, continuous,
perfect
sports
hr/ and hr/
48
B Love at Exit 19
usually and used to
relationships
linking, the letters
52
■ < PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 Old friends
Grammar Bank
104
Communication
132
113
Writing
152 Vocabulary Bank
122
Listening
165 Irregular verbs
166 Sound Bank
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G simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs
V food and cooking
P vowel sounds
1A
Do you drink
a lo t o f coffee?
Mood food
1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking
3 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a Take the quiz in pairs.
FOOD & EATING
FOOD QUIZ
1 Is there any food or drink that you
couldn’t live without? How often do you
e a t/d rin k it?
C an y o u t h in k of...?
o n e
red fru it, o n e yellow fru it, o n e green fru it
tw o
kinds o f food th a t some people are allergic to
th r e e
fo u r
f iv e
Yes, b u t I'm
tryin g to cut down
righ t now.
2
Do you ever have
a ready-made food?
b take-out food? What kind?
kinds o f food th a t come fro m milk
vegetables th a t you can p u t in a salad
3
containers th a t you can buy food in
What’s your favorite
a fruit?
b vegetable?
s i x things th a t people som etim es have fo r breakfast
Are there any that you really don’t like?
*4 When you eat out do you usually order
meat, fish, or vegetarian?
b > • p.152 Vocabulary Bank Food and cooking.
c
14))) Listen to these common adjectives to describe
food. Do you know what they mean? Then say one kind
o f food that we often use with each adjective.
canned
fresh
frozen
low-fat
raw
□ What food do you usually eat
a when you're feeling a little down?
b before playing sports or exercising?
c before you have an exam or some
im portant work to do?
spicy take-out
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds
a
a Look at the eight sound pictures. W hat are the words and sounds?
1
1
2( p
44*@ "©
r
b
c
squid chicken
spicy grilled
5
beef steamed
beans breakfast
6 ®5"p\v
\
pork fork
boiled pour
grapes salmon
lamb cabbage
7 ()
’Mqu
cook sugar
pudding food
margarine carton
jar warm
8 llj
( C ljj
spoon zucchini
fruit duck
"rr
sausage roast
chocolate box
Look at the words in each list. Cross out the word that doesn’t
have the sound in the sound picture.
1 5))) Listen and check.
d > - p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical
spellings o f the sounds in a.
16))) Listen to five people talking. Each
person is answering one o f the questions in
F ood & Eating above. Match each speaker
with a question.
[T\ Speaker A
[__] Speaker D
I I SpeakerB
Q
SpeakerE
L J Speaker C
b
Listen again and make notes about their
answers. Compare with a partner.
c Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
W hat do you have in common?
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4
a
R E A D IN G
Are the foods in the list carb o h y d rates
or p rotein s? W ith a partner, think o f four
more kinds o f food for each category.
cake chicken
pasta
salmon
W ith a partner, answer the questions below
with either carb o h y d rates or proteins.
What kind o f food do you think it is better
to eat...?
• for lunch if you have an important exam
or meeting
• for breakfast
• for your evening meal
• if you are feeling stressed
Look at the title o f the article. W hat do you
think it means? Read the article once to
find out, and to check your answers to b.
Read the article again. Then with a partner,
say in your own words why the
following people are mentioned.
Give as much information as
you can.
1 Dr. Paul Clayton
people on diets
J
schoolchildren
Paul and Terry
Swiss researchers
Find adjectives in the article for the verbs
and nouns in the list. W hat’s the difference
between the two adjectives made from stress?
stress (noun) (x2) relax (verb) wake (verb)
sleep (verb) power (noun) benefit (noun)
Ask and answer the questions with a
partner.
1 What time o f day do you usually eat protein
and carbohydrates? How do they make
you feel?
How often do you eat chocolate? Does it
make you feel happier?
After reading the article, is there anything
you would change about your eating habits?
We live in a stressfu l world, and daily life ca n som etim es
m ake u s feel tired , stressed , or depressed. Some people go
to th e doctor for help, oth ers tr y alternative therapies, but
th e place to find a c u re could be som ewhere completely
different: in the kitchen.
D
r. P a u l C layton, a food expert from Middlesex University, says
“The brain is affected by what you eat and drink, just like every
other part of your body. Certain types of food contain substances that
affect how you think and feel."
For example, food that is high in carbohydrates can make us feel more
relaxed. It also makes us feel happy. Research has shown that people on
diets often begin to feel a little depressed after two weeks because they
are eating fewer carbohydrates.
On the other hand, food that is rich in protein makes us feel awake and
focused. Research has shown that schoolchildren who eat a high-protein
breakfast often do better at school than children whose breakfast is
lower in protein. Also, eating the right kind of meal at lunchtime
can make a difference if you have an exam in the afternoon or a
business meeting where you need to make some quick decisions.
In an experiment for a TV show, two chess players, both former
champions, had different meals before playing each other. Paul
had a plate of prosciutto and salad (full of protein from the red
meat), and his opponent Terry had pasta with a creamy sauce (full
of carbohydrates). In the chess match Terry felt sleepy and took
much longer than Paul to make decisions about what moves to make.
The experiment was repeated several times with the same result.
Another powerful mood food could become a replacement
fo r some medications doctors prescribe fo r stress. In a
study, Swiss researchers discovered that eating one dark
chocolate candy bar (about 1.4 ounces) had beneficial
effects on highly stressed people. Not only did eating
the dark chocolate help reduce stress, it was also shown to
improve mood and reduce high blood pressure.
Why does chocolate make people less stressed? First, it
causes the body to reduce the level of the stress hormone
cortisol. Second, it reduces the “fight or flight” hormone—a hormone
that makes people want to start a fight or run away when they are very
stressed. In addition, it contains other compounds that lower blood
pressure and improve your mood. These three things, along with its
delicious taste, make chocolate a powerful mood changer.
M ood food - w hat th e e x p e rts say
• B lueberries and cocoa ca n ra ise concentration levels for up
to five hours.
• Food th a t is high, in protein helps y ou r b ra in to w ork more
efficiently
• F o r relaxation and to sleep better, eat carbohydrates.
• D ark g reen vegetables (e.g., cabbage and spinach) and oily
fish (e.g., salmon) eaten regularly cam. help to fight depression.
Online Practice
1A
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5
L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a
Ask and answer the questions with a
partner.
RESTAURANTS
1 How often do you eat out?
2 What's your favorite...?
a kind of food (Chinese, Italian, etc.)
b restaurant dish
3 How important are these things to
you in a restaurant? Number them 1-4
( 1 = the most important).
[ 1 the food
] the service
] the atmosphere
] the price
4 Have you ever tried English food?
What did you think of it?
b
17))) Read the text about Steve Anderson.
Then listen to P a r t 1 o f an interview with
him, and number the photos in the order he
mentions them.
c
Listen again. W hy does he mention
each thing?
d
1 8))) Now listen to P a r t 2 and answer the
questions.
1 What does he say is the best and worst thing
about running a restaurant?
2 W hat’s the main difference between British
and Spanish customers?
3 What kinds o f customers does he find
difficult?
4 How does he think eating habits in Spain
are changing?
e W hat about you? Answer the questions with
a partner.
1 What was your favorite food when you were
a child?
2 Is there anything that you like / don’t like
cooking?
3 In your country, when people eat out would
they usually tell the chef what they really
think about the food?
4 Do you know anyone who is a “difficult
customer” in restaurants?
6
1A
STEVE ANDERSON has always had a passion for
food. He was first taught to cook by his mother, who is
half Burmese. A fter studying physics in college, he got a
summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy, where he
met several famous chefs. One of them, Alastair Little, later
hired him as a trainee chef. Two years later, he moved to
Valencia in Spain and opened a restaurant, SeuXerea, now
one of the most popular restaurants in town.
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6
GRAMMAR
simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs
a
19))) Listen again to some o f the things Steve said .(C ircle) the form o f the
verb he uses.
1 This week for example, I cook / I ’m cooking nearly every day. We usually close /
are usually closing on Sundays and Mondays, but this Monday is a public
holiday.
2 The British always say / are saying that everything is lovely.
3 Actually, I think I prefer / 1am preferring that honesty, because it helps us to
know what people like.
4 Unfortunately, 1think they get / they're getting worse. People eat / are eating
more unhealthily.
b W ith a partner, say why you think he has chosen each form.
c
^ p.132 Grammar Bank 1A. Learn more about the simple present and the
present continuous, and practice them.
d Make questions to ask your partner with the simple present or continuous.
Ask for more information.
On a typical day
Right now / nowadays
- What / usually have for breakfast?
- / drink soda? How many glasses /
drink a day?
- I need to buy any food today?
- / want anything to eat right now?
What?
- Where / usually have lunch?
- What / usually have for lunch
during the week?
- I take vitamins or food
supplements right now?
- / ever cook? What / make?
- / prefer eating at home or
eating out?
- / try to cut down on anything
right now?
- I the diet in your country / get
better or worse?
7 S P E A K IN G
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
1 Men are better cooks than women.
2 Both boys and girls should learn to cook at school.
3 Cheap restaurants usually serve bad food.
4 On a night out with friends, where and what you eat isn’t important.
5 Not all fast food is unhealthy.
6
a
b
Every country thinks that their cuisine is the best in the world.
1J13))) Listen to two people discussing sentence 1. W ho do you agree with
more, the man or the woman? Why?
1 14))) Listen to the phrases in the Useful language box. Copy the intonation.
Useful language: Giving your opinion (1)
I agree.
I’m not sure.
I don’t agree.
(I think) it depends.
c
For example,...
In my opinion...
In small groups, say what you think about sentences 2 - 6 . Try to use the
U sefu l language phrases.
Online Practice
1A
7
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IB
G fu tu re forms: present continuous, going to, w ill / won’t
V fa m ily adjectives o f personality
P sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings
Are you seeing
your grandparents
this weekend?
No, I’m going to
stay home. I'll
probably see them
next weekend.
Family life
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
family
a
Look at some photos showing family members.
W hat’s happening in each one? W hat do you think the
relationship is between the people?
b
With a partner, explain the difference between
each pair.
1 a father and a parent
2 a mother and a stepmother
3 a brother and a brother-in-law
4 a grandfather and a great-grandfather
5 a nephew and a niece
6 a child and an only child
7 your immediate family and your extended family
c Read Changing—f o r the better and try to guess what
the missing percentages are. Choose from the list.
11%
d
e
43 %
60 %
67 %
75%
ly 15))) Listen and check. Do any o f th e statistics
surprise you? Which ones do you think would be very
d iffe re nt if the survey was taken in your country?
Work in small groups. Say what you think and give
reasons.
D o y o u t h in k th a t...?
• families should have a meal together every day
• children should leave home as soon as they can
afford to
• parents and their teenaged children should spend
a lot of time together
• parents should be friends with their children on
social networking sites, e.g., Twitter
• elderly parents should live with their children
when they are too old to live alone
Useful language:
Giving your opinion (2)
We often use should + verb to say what we think is the
right thing or a good thing (to do), e.g.,
I think families should have dinner together every day
because...
I don’t think parents should be friends with their children
on Twitter because...
Changing for the better?
am ily life is changing in th e US, bu t not in th e way
we m ight th in k . The re su lts of several d ifferen t
US surveys expected to find th a t fam ily relationship s
w ere su fferin g because of th e d ecline in trad ition al
fam ily stru ctu re s.
F
However, some o f th e re su lts w ere very su rprising...
of young
adults under
25 and
of adults 30-34
still live at home
with their parents.
of families eat together every day.
say they have the TV on during
dinner.
think a new baby in
the family brings more
happiness.
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2 G R A M M A R future forms
a
1> 16))) Listen to three dialogues between different family members. W ho is
talking to who (e.g., brother to sister)? W hat are they talking about?
b
Listen again and match two sentences with each dialogue (1-3).
A I I I'll make you a cup o f tea.
D []
I’m staying overnight there.
B I__I You'll drive too fast.
c D I'm not going to go to college yet.
E [__ | I'll drive really slowlv.
F Q It's going to be cold tonight.
c W ith a partner, decide which sentence (A -F ) is...
] a plan or intention
I I an arrangement
[__][__] a prediction
Q apromi.se
’_] an offer
d V p.133 Grammar Bank IB . Learn more about future forms, and
practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
P
a
Sentence stress
An important aspect of speaking English is stressing the words in a sentence
th a t carry the information, and not stressing the other ones. This will help you to
communicate better and to speak with good rhythm.
121))) Listen to the rhythm in these three dialogues.
coming home for dinner tonight?
No. fm going out with my friends.
What are you going to do in the summer?
we re going to rent a house with my sister and her husband.
do you think they'll have children soon?
ı don’t think so. Not for a few years anyway.
1 A Are you
b
of adults are happy
and enjoy their lives
without a lot of stress.
2
A
b
3
a
b
of adults are not happy
and have a lot of stress
or worry in their lives.
b
Practice them with a partner. Copy the rhythm.
c
Ask and answer the questions below. Give as much inform ation as possible.
ARE YOU...?
• having dinner with your family tonight
• or is anyone in your family getting married soon
• doing something with a family member this week
• visiting a relative this weekend
of teens feel close to
their family.
of teens want to spend
more time with their
parents.
ARE YOU GOING TO...?
• have a new nephew or niece soon
• have a big family get-together soon
• go on vacation with your family this year
• buy a present for a member of your family this month
of parents stay
connected with their
children on social
networks.
DO YOU THINK...?
• the number of people getting divorced will go up or down in the future
• the birthrate will go up or down in your country
• anyone in your family will live to be 90 or more
• you will move away from (or back to) the area where your family lives
of parents worry about
what their kids post on
social networks.
of elderly women
live with a relative
such as a daughter,
daughter-in-law, or
grandchild.
4
1 22 >)) S O N G O ur H ouse
Online Practice ■
IB
9
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5
R E A D IN G
a W hich do you think has more advantages,
being an only child, or having brothers and
sisters? Why?
b Work in pairs. A read The Younger Brother,
B read The Only Child.
c Tell your partner about 1 and 2 below.
W hose childhood sounds happier?
1 other family members who are mentioned
2 how the writer’s experience as a child
affects him / her now
d Look at the highlighted words in the two
texts. Try to figure out their meaning
from the context. Then match them with
definitions 1-12.
1 ____________ adj ill
2 ____________ it’s no surprise that
3 ____________ noun competition between
two people
4 ____________ noun the time when you were
a child
5 ____________ norm a meeting o f people,
e.g., family
6 ____________ norm people who are fully
grown
7 ____________ adj knowing about or being
conscious o f something
8 ____________ noun a school where children
can live during the year
9 ____________ verb think that somebody or
something is important
10 ____________ verb divided something
between two or more people
11 _____________verb try to hurt somebody else
12 ____________ noun a group o f friends
m each other
When brothers and sisters get older they
value each other more.
Use each other to talk about an action
between two people or groups of people, e.g.,
I don’t get along very well with my father. We
don't understand each other.
e Talk to a partner. Do you have brothers and
sisters, or are you an only child? Do you feel
positive or negative about it?
Younger brother
only child?
THE YOUNGER BROTHER
NOVELIST TIM LOTT
Rivalry between brothers is normal, but
there was a special reason for the tension
between us. 1 was very ill when I was born,
and spent three months in the hospital
with my mother. My brother did not see
her at all during that time because he
went to stay with an aunt. When our
mother returned home, it was with a sick
newborn baby who took all the attention.
No wonder he haled me (although if you
ask Jeff, he will say that he didn’t - we
remember things differently).
My brother and I were completely
different. We shared the same bedroom,
but he was neat, and 1 was really messy.
He was responsible; I was rebellious. He
was sensible; I was emotional. I don’t
have any positive memories of our childhood together,
though there must have been good moments. Je ff says we used to play
“Cowboys and Indians,” but I only remember him trying to suffocate
me under the bedcovers.
My relationship with Je ff has influenced my attitude toward my own
four daughters. If the girls fight, I always think that the younger child
is innocent. But the good news about brothers and sisters is that when
they get older, they value each other more. Je ff is now one of my best
friends, and I like and admire him greatly. For better or for worse, we
share a whole history. It is the longest relationship in my life.
Adapted from T h e T im e s
THE ONLY CHILD
JO U R N A LIST SARAH LEE
I went to boarding school when 1 was seven, and the hardest thing I
found was making friends. Because I was an only child, I just didn’t
know how to do it. The thing is that when you’re an only child, you
spend a lot of your time with adults, and you're often the only child in
a gathering of adults. Your parents go on living more or less
the way they have always lived, only now you are there, too.
I found being an only child interesting because it gave me
a view of the world of adults that children in a big family
might not get. And I know it has, at least partly, made me
the kind of person I am - 1 never like being one of a group,
for example. I f I have to be in a group, I will always try to go
off and do something on my own, or be with just one other
person —I’m not comfortable with being one of a gang.
My parents are divorced now and my mother lives in the US
and my father in the UK. I feel very responsible for them - I
feel responsible for their happiness. I’m the closest relative in
the world to each of them, and I am very aware of tiiat.
10
IB
Adapted from T h e G u a rd ia n
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6 VOCABULARY
adjectives of personality
8 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a W ithout looking back at T he Younger Brother
text, can you remember who was neat,
responsible, and sensible and who was messy,
rebellious, and em otion al? Do you know what
the adjectives mean? Would you use any o f
them to describe yourself?
b > - p.153 Vocabulary Bank Personality
c
W rite down the first three adjectives o f
personality that come into your head. Don't
show them to your partner. Now go to
> - Communication Personality p.108.
7 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
word stress, adjective endings
a
1 26))) Underline the stressed syllable in
these mulitsyllable adjectives. Listen and
check.
1 jea lous an xious
ge ne rous
am bi tious
re bell ious
a W hat’s your position in the family?
Are you the oldest child, a middle child, the
youngest child, or an only child?
b
2 so cia ble re li a ble
3 re spon si ble sen si ble
4 com pe ti five
a ggre ssive
tal ka five
1 27))) Look at the cover o f Linda Blair’s
book. Now listen to a journalist talking
about it on a radio program. Complete the
chart by writing four more adjectives o f
personality in each column.
sen si tive
5 un friend ly
in se cure
im pa tient
i mma ture
Oldest children
Middle children
Youngest children
Only children
sensible
relaxed
outgoing
self-confident
I
b Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Is -ou s pronounced /aus/ or /as/?
2 Is -a b le pronounced bb\l or /eibl/?
3 Is -ib le pronounced /obi/ or /ibl/?
4 Is -ive pronounced /ov/ or /iv/?
5 Are -ou s / -a b le / -ib le / -ive stressed?
6 Are un- / in- / im - stressed?
c
Compare with a partner. Then listen to the four sections one by
one. Check your answers. W hat reasons or examples does the
journalist give?
d Look at the completed chart above. In pairs, say...
...if you th in k it is tru e fo r you - and if not, w hy not?
...if you th in k it is tru e fo r other people you know
(your brothers and sisters, friends, etc.)
9 W R IT IN G
> - p.113 Writing A d escription o f a person . W rite a description o f
a friend you know well.
Online Practice
IB
11
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Practical Engli
Meeting the parents
■ < IN T R O D U C T IO N
a
Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob.
■ < R E A C T IN G T O W H A T PEO PLE S A Y
a
1 29))) Watch or listen to Jenny introducing Rob to
her parents. W hat bad news does Rob have for Jenny?
W hat good news does Jenny have for her parents?
o
American and British English
mom = American English
mum = British English
b Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true)
or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Rob left the chocolates at the office.
2 Rob’s desk is usually very neat.
3 It's the second time that Rob has met Jenny's parents.
4 Sally has prepared a big dinner.
5 jenny’s new job is managing director.
6 jenny is going to be Rob's manager.
b
1 28)}) Watch or listen to Jenny and Rob talking. Fill
in the blanks.
Jenny Zielinski and Rob Walker work for a 1
called New York24seven. She’s American, and he's
2__________ . Rob came to New York a few 3__________
ago. He had met Jenny when she went to 4__________ on
a work trip. They got along very well, and he was offered a
job for a month in 5__________ . Later he was offered a
6__________ job. Jenny helped R o b 7___________ an
apartment, and they are enjoying life in the US, although
Rob misses his friends and 8__________ .
O American and British English
apartment = American English
fla t = British English
12
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c
1 30))) Look at some extracts from the
conversation. Can you remember any o f the
missing words? Watch or listen and check.
1 Jenny
Rob
Jenny
Rob
Jenny
2
d
Don’t forget the chocolates.
OK. Oh,________ !
I don’t ________ it. Don't tell me you
forgot them?
I think they’re still on my desk.
________ kidding.
Sally
Mom, I’m really sorry - we bought
you some chocolates, but we left
them at the office.
What a _________. _________mind.
3
Jenny
Sally
But I also have some good news.
________ ? What’s that?
4
Sally
Harry
So you’ve got a promotion?_______
fantastic!
That’s g re at________ !
Sally
Jenny
Let’s go and have dinner.
What a ________ idea!
5
Jenny
3 ■ < H A R R Y F IN D S O U T M O R E A B O U T ROB
1 31))) Watch or listen and repeat the
phrases in the chart below. Copy the rhythm
and intonation.
a
1 32))) Watch or listen to the after-dinner conversation. Does
the evening end well or badly?
b
Watch or listen again and answer the questions.
1 What school did Jenny go to?
2 Is Harry impressed by Rob’s job? Why (not)?
REACTING TO WHAT PEOPLE SAY
What you say when you hear...
O
something surprising
You’re kidding.
1don’t believe it.
something interesting
Really?
some good news
How fantastic!
That’s great news!
What a great idea!
some bad news
Oh, no!
What a pity.
Never mind.
3 What does Harry like doing in his free time?
4 Who are most o f the photos in the dining room of?
5 Who are Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Wynton Marsalis?
6 What surprises Harry about Rob?
c
Look at the S o cial En glish ph rases. Can you remember any o f
the missing words?
Social English phrases
Harry
Rob
Rob
Rob
Harry
Harry
Rob
Harry
How + adjective, What + noun
We often use How + adjective or What + noun to
respond to what people say.
How interesting! How awful! How amazing!
What a pity! What a good idea! What terrible news!
e
Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
d
f
mm V C om m unication How aw ful! How
fa n ta stic! A p.104 B p.109.
e
How do you______ your career?
N o t______ . I’m more of a writer.
Oh, you know, interviews, reviews,_______like that...
I_______, I like photography.
That’s ______ most of them are of Jenny.
How_______!
Well, he's a really nice_______.
Go_______, son!
1 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say
them in your language?
^
Can you...?
react to good news, bad news, unexpected
news, and interesting news
introduce yourself and other people
use phrases th a t give you time to think,
e.g., you know, I mean, etc.
Online Practice
13
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2A
G present pe rfe ct and simple past
V money
P th e le tte r o
Have you
paid th e phone
bill yet?
Yes, I paid it
yesterday
Spend or save?
1 V O C A B U L A R Y money
a
1 34))) Listen to a song about money. Fill in
the blanks with phrases A -G .
A a material world
B comes with a fee
C foot the bill
Educated, 1____
D for free
H e’s well-dressed
E paper or plastic
F shopping sprees
N o t funny
G with money
A nd n o t much to say in
M ost conversations
b Listen again and read the lyrics.
W hich phrase (A -G ) m eans...?
1
2
rich
3
4
you have to pay for it
pay the bill
5
6
7
that you don’t have to pay for
B ut he’ll 2____ in
A ll situations
’Cause he pays fo r everything
cash or credit cards
G irls do n ’t like boys, girls like cars and money
Boys w ill laugh at girls when th e y’re n o t funny
buying a lot o f things at one time
a consumer society
c W hat do you think the song is saying?
Do you think it is ...?
• very cynical
• sad, but sometimes true
• offensive to women (and men)
d > • p.154 Vocabulary Bank Money.
D o n ’t m a tte r
She’ll have it
Vacations
A nd 4____
These are a few
O f her favorite things
She’ll get w h a t she wants
If she’s w illing to please
His typ e o f girl
Always 5____
Hey, now, th e re ’s nothing
G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money
Boys w ill laugh at girls when th e y’re n o t funny
A nd these girls like these boys like these boys like these girls
The girls w ith th e bodies like boys w ith Ferraris
G irls don’t like boys, girls like cars and money
A ll o f these boys, yeah get all o f these girls
Losing th e ir souls in 7____
14
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2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o
a
Can you remember which word rhymes with m oney in
the song Girls & Boys?
b Look at some more words with the letter o. Put them in
the correct column.
clothes dollar done honest loan money go
nothing owe shopping some sold won
ARE YOU A SPENDER
OR A SAVER?
1 You go shopping and you see som eth in g very
expensive th a t you really w a n t, b u t can ’t afford.
Y o u ...
a buy it w ith y o u r c re d it card. You can w o rry a b o u t the
bill n e xt m onth.
b already have some m oney in th e bank and plan to
save fo r a couple o f weeks and then buy the thing
you w ant.
c b o rro w the m oney and agree to pay back a small
a m o un t every week.
c
2 You g e t $100 fo r y o u r b irth d ay. Y o u ...
1 38))) Listen and check.
d Look at some words with the letters or. How is or
usually pronounced when it’s stressed? W hich two are
different?
afford
e
order worth
organized mortgage
store work
1 39))) Listen and check.
a spend some o f it and save some,
b go straight to a shopping mall and spend it all.
c p u t all o f it in y o u r bank account u n til you k n o w w h a t
you w a n t to spend it on.
3 D o you always kno w how m uch m o n ey you have,
how m uch m o n ey you have spent, and on what?
a Yes. I'm ve ry organized and k n o w exactly w h a t I have
f
Practice saying these sentences.
and w h a t I've spent.
Let's go shopping for clothes.
Can I borrow some money?
b N o. I have no idea. W h e n I have money, I usually just
He won a million dollars.
c I usually have a rough idea a b o u t w h a t I spend my
They can’t afford to pay the mortgage.
I work in a store.
I've done nothing wrong.
3 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
spend it.
m oney on.
4 You b o rro w e d som e m oney fro m a frie n d , b u t
you d o n ’t th in k th a t you’ll be able to pay it back
by th e tim e you p ro m ised to . Y o u ...
a d o n 't w o rry a b o u t it. H o p efu lly y o u r friend w ill fo rg e t
a b o u t it, to o !
a
Read the questionnaire and choose your answers,
b
Compare your answers with a partner. Say why.
c > - Communication Spender or saver? p.108. Find out if
you are a spender or a saver.
b figure o u t h ow much m oney you have and h o w much
you ow e. You speak to y o u r friend and explain the
situation and o ffe r to pay th e m oney back in small
installm ents.
c ta lk to y o u r friend and prom ise th a t you'll pay him /
h e r back, b u t it m ight take a little longer than you
fir s t tho u gh t.
4
a
L IS T E N IN G
1 40))) Listen to six people answering the question Are
y o u a spender or a saver? How many are savers?
b Listen again and match speakers 1 -6 with A -F. W h o .. .?
AQ
always has money in the bank
B [_I often ends up with no money
C □ thinks h e/she is careful with money, but not cheap
D [_] enjoys spending money on his / her hobby
E
5 You have a frien d w ho o fte n borrow s m oney
fro m you and never pays you back. H e / She
w ants to b o rro w $50. Y o u ...
a lend him / h e r the money. You can afford it, and it
doesn't m a tte r if you d o n 't get it back,
b say no; he / she owes you to o much already,
c lend th e money, b u t explain th a t it is th e last tim e,
u n til he / she has paid back this loan.
can save money if he / she needs to
F L J prefers to live now than worry about the future
Online Practice
2A
15
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5 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past
a
Read the conversation. W hat are they arguing about?
b
1 4 1 ))) Read the conversation again, and put the verbs in the
present perfect or the simple past. Then listen and check.
e
In pairs, interview each other with the
questions. Ask for more information.
HAVE YOU EVER..
• bought or sold something on
eBay or a similar site
• lost a credit card or
your wallet
What?
• saved fo r something fo r a
long time
• wasted money on something
you've never used
• won any money
(e.g., in a lottery)
• lent money to someone
who didn't pay
you back
When?
• bought something online and then
discovered th a t it was a scam
• been charged too much in a restaurant
David 11haven’t seen (see) those shoes before. Are they new?
Kate Yes. 12__________________ (just buy) them. Do you like them?
D They're OK. How much3____________th e y ____________ (cost)?
K Oh, not much. They4______________ (be) a bargain. Under $100.
D You mean $99.99. That isn’t cheap for a pair o f shoes.
Anyway, we can’t afford to buy new clothes right now.
K Why not?
D 5____________________ you____________________ (see) this?
K No. What is it?
D The phone bill. I t 6_____________________ (come) this morning.
And w e 7____________________ (not pay) the electricity bill yet.
K Well, what about the iPad you8______________ (buy) last week?
D What about it?
K You9_____________________ (not need) a new one. The old one
10__________________________________ (work) just fine.
How
much?
/ What
happened?
D But 111______________________________ (need) the new model.
K Well, 112___________________________ (need) some new shoes.
Have you ever bought or
sold something on eBay?
c
Do we use the present perfect (PP) or simple past (S P )...?
1 for a completed action in the past ______
2 for recent actions when we don't ask / say exactly when ___
d > - p.134 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about the present
perfect and simple past, and practice them.
16
2A
Who did you sell it to? How
much did you sell it for?
Yes, I sold my
old computer.
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a
R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
In pairs, answer the questions. Give as much
information as you can.
1 Think o f two people you know personally or
have heard o f who are very rich. Did they...?
a earn their money (how?)
b inherit their money (who from?)
c win it (how?)
2 I f they earned their money, was it because...?
a they were very lucky
b they worked very hard
c they had a special talent
b Now read an interview with a billionaire. How did
he become so rich? Why is his success surprising?
W hat does he do to help homeless people?
c
Now read the interview again and number the
events in the order in which they happened.
A L?| He was homeless again.
B [_I He delivered newspapers.
C Ld At1investor didn’t give him the money he
had promised him.
D [_] He sold encyclopedias from door-to-door.
E Q He left his wife.
F [_] He was homeless.
G \T\ He sold Christmas cards from door-to-door.
H Q He started a hair product company with $700.
1 Ld He was able to pay his bills on time.
d What do you think you can learn from John’s story?
e
Look at the highlighted words and phrases
related to money and business. W ith a partner,
try to figure out the meanings from context.
f
Complete the questions with one o f the
highlighted words and phrases. Then ask and
answer the questions with a partner.
1 What brand o f hair product do you use? How
long have you used it?
2 Do you know anybody who sells encyclopedias or
other products_______ ? What does he / she sell?
Does he / she enjoy his/ her job?
3 If you needed a _______ to lend you money to
start a business, who would you ask? Why?
4 Have you ever experienced______ from a boss,
a teacher, etc.? How did you feel?
5 Do you know anybody who has tried to
succeed in a difficult career (like acting), but
who hasn’t ______yet? Is he / she still trying,
or has he / she given up?
FROM THE STREETS
TO SUCCESS!
John DeJoria, an American billionaire businessman, owns several
companies, including John Paul Mitchell Systems, a successful
brand of hair products. However, DeJoria was not always wealthy.
He was the second son of immigrant parents and grew up in a
very poor area of Los Angeles, California. Before forming his hair
product company with only $700, he was a street gang member
for some of his youth, he then worked at low-paying jobs including
encyclopedia salesman, janitor, and insurance salesman, and he
was homeless twice. DeJoria's selfmade rise is an inspiring story.
As a child, you were fairly entrepreneurial, weren’t you?
My first job, at 9 years old, was selling Christmas cards door-todoor. At 10 years old, my brother and I had paper routes. We got
up at 4 o’clock a.m., folded the papers, and delivered them, and
then got ready for school.
As you got older, you continued to work. Is that right?
The job that was one of the most influential experiences you can
imagine was door-to-door selling encyclopedias. Doors literally
slam in your face— maybe 30, 40 doors before the first customer
will actually talk to you and let you in.
You’ve been homeless, haven’t you?
Twice. Once, when I was about 22 years old. The other time was
when I started John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. I wasn't
getting along with my wife at the time. So I had left and had
given her all the money. We had a backer for John Paul Mitchell
Systems putting in a half-million dollars. That money was
supposed to arrive that day. I never got a penny. So I just slept
in my car. And I slept in my car for the first two weeks when I
started the company. So we started with humble beginnings.
Do memories of the streets motivate you?
It sure makes you very appreciative of what you have in your
life. Those who are homeless— like people with kids who are
homeless— I really have a heart for. So I participate in a lot of
charitable organizations that take the homeless off the streets.
What are the biggest problems you’ve faced in business?
The biggest problem is rejection. Any business you start, be
ready for it. The difference between successful people and
unsuccessful people is that the successful people do all the
things the unsuccessful people don’t want to do. When 10 doors
are slammed in your face, go to door number 1 1 , with a smile.
When did you know you had made it?
I was in business two years, and we were able to pay every
single bill on time. We had a couple of thousand dollars
in the bank— $4,000, to be exact. And we said, “ Man
we made it; it’s all downhill now.” It was really hard.
It took a couple years.
What was the first thing you bought yourself at
that point?
I went to a restaurant. This is the first
time I said I’m going to order off the left
side of the menu, not the right side. The
right side is where the prices are. Carne
asada, guacamole, whatever I wanted.
I didn't even look at the prices. That,
to me, was a pretty big deal.
Online Practice
2A
Adapted from E ntre pre neu r.com
6
17
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G present pe rfe ct + f o r / since, present pe rfe ct continuous
V strong adjectives: exhausted, amazed, etc.
P sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives
2B
Changing lives
1 L IS T E N IN G
a
b
c
d
Look at the photos. W here do you think
they were taken? W hat can you see in
each photo?
1 4 5 ))) You are going to listen to an
interview with Jane, talking about a trip she
took in 2 008. Listen to P a r t 1. Where did she
go? W hat did she decide to do after the trip?
4 Adelante Africa has also been trying to improve the
children's English.
5 They are building a home for the teachers.
6 Two o f Jane's children have been helping in Uganda.
7 (ane says the school has changed children’s lives because it has
given them an education.
2 the vacation to Uganda
3 what happened when the lorry broke down
8 Jane thinks that she gives more than she gets.
9 The website has a video jane's daughter took o f her teaching
the children.
4 the condition o f the school
5 the children
G lo ssa ry
holiday BritE for vacation
lo rry BritE for truck
headm aster BritE for principal
1 46))) Now listen to P a r t 2 . Correct the wrong information
in these sentences.
3 Today the school has 75 children.
Listen again. W hat does Jane say about:
6 what the headmaster asked her for
Fora
longtim e!
Since 2001.
1 Jane’s son chose the name Adelante Africa, which means
“G o forward, Africa” in Spanish.
2 The new school opened in 2012.
1 her normal job
18
How long
have you been
working here?
e
Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen again to check.
f
Do you know anybody like jane who does a lot o f work for a
charity? W hat do they do?
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2 G R A M M A R present perfect + for/since,
present perfect continuous
a
4
a
Match the questions and answers.
1 How long has Jane been a writer?____
2 How long has A delaide Africa had a website?____
S P E A K IN G
Look at the circles, and
write something in as
many as you can.
3 How long has she been working for Adelaide Africa?
A Since 2008.
B For about 22 years.
C For four years.
b Answer with a partner.
1 Are the three questions and answers in a about... ?
a a period o f time in the past
b a period o f time from the past until now'
c a period o f time in the present
2 W hat’s the difference in form between the first two
questions and question 3?
c
3
a
> - p.135 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn more about the
present perfect with f o r / since and the present perfect
continuous, and practice them.
P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
1 49 >)) Listen once and try to write down the stressed
words in the large pink rectangles.
How
French
long
learning
?
2
?
3
4
?
5
6
b Look at the stressed words and try to remember what
the unstressed words are. Then listen again to check
and write them in.
c
d
Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the
rhythm.
1 50))) Listen and make questions.
It's snowing.
How long has it been snowing?
b Compare circles with a partner.
Ask your partner at least three
questions about the things he or
she has written. One question must
be H ow long have y o u ...?
How long have you
been using Twitter?
For about a year.
Do you write things on it or do you
ju s t read other people's tweets?
Why did you buy
a Nissan Juke?
Because it's small,
and it ’s very “green/'
How long have you had it?
Online Practice
2B
19
R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
T V host’s Amazon
a
In your country are there charity events to raise money
for a good cause? Have you ever taken part in one?
W hat did you do? How much money did you raise?
H elen Skelton h o p es to b e c o m e th e firs t
w o m a n to k ay ak d ow n th e A m a z o n R iv er.
b
You’re going to read an article about Helen Skelton,
who agreed to kayak down the Amazon for charity.
Read the introduction and answer the questions.
5
1 What did Helen do last year for charity?
2 What is she hoping to do this year?
3 What is dangerous about the trip?
4 What experience does she have?
c
Before you read the texts o f Helen’s first three phone
calls, imagine what kinds o f problems you think she
had on her trip. Then read and check. Were you right?
d
151))) Read Ph one calls 1 - 3 again and fill in the
blanks with the correct word. Then listen and check.
1 a in front
b behind
c back
2 a freezing
3 a exhausted
b hot
b angry
c boiling
c lost
4 a down
5 a long
b up
b wide
c over
c short
6 a ice cream
7 a sleep
b coffee
b paddle
c chocolate
c rest
8 a boring
b interesting
c worrying
b feel
b well
c feeling
c hard
9 a being
10 a sick
e
1 52))) Now listen to the rest o f Helen's trip down the
Amazon. Did she manage to finish?
f
Listen again. Then answer the questions.
Phone call 4
1 Why hasn't she had any music for three days?
2 What does she do to pass the time?
3 Why didn't she celebrate reaching the halfway point?
Phone call 5
4 What have been driving her crazy this week?
5 What wildlife has she seen?
6 Why is she starting to feel a little sad?
T he 6 :0 0 news
7 How many miles did she do altogether?
8 How long did the trip take?
9 What did Helen miss?
10 What is the first thing she is going to do when she
gets home?
g Tell your partner about an adventure sport you've done
or an exciting experience you’ve had. Was it a positive
experience? W hy (not)? How did you feel?
20
2B
Helen Skelton is a 26-year-old TV host of Blue Peter, a
show for young people. She has never been afraid of a
challenge. Last year, she became the second woman to
complete the 78-mile Ultra Marathon in Namibia, running
the three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50
minutes. But when Blue Peter decided to do something to
raise money for the charity Sports Relief (which sponsors
projects around the world), Skelton said that she wanted
an even bigger challenge. So they suggested that she
kayak 1,998 miles down the Amazon from Nauta in Peru to
Almeirim in Brazil.
This is a very risky trip. There are no roads and no towns,
only rainforest and the river (which is sometimes more than
24 miles wide and infested with crocodiles). If she gets
sick, it will take around 11 hours to fly her to a hospital.
COLOMBI A
ECUADOR
Nauta
PERU
Phone call 1
£ £ Everything went wrong. I only managed half
a day on Wednesday, the first day, and on
Thursday we started late, so I'm already 1____ ;.
I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely
2____ , and the humidity is 100% at lunchtime.
I went the wrong way, and I had to paddle against
the current. I was 3____ ! They asked me, ‘Do you
want to give 4____ ?' but I said, ‘No!' Because I've
also been having a wonderful time! There are pink
dolphins - pink, not gray - that come close to the
boat. I think that if I can do 62 miles a day, trten
I can make it.
A dapted from The T elegraph website
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challenge
6 V O C A B U L A R Y & P R O N U N C IA T IO N
strong adjectives
p
a
Strong adjectives
Some adjectives have a strong meaning, e.g.,
I had to paddle against the current. I was exhausted! (= very tired)
Ive had a fantastic time! (= very good)
With strong adjectives you can use absolutely or really, but NOT very.
I’ve been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely boiling. NOT very-boiling.
Complete the sentences with a regular adjective.
1 A Was Lisa's father angry about the car?
B Yes, he was furious!
Helen has only been kayaking once before in
her life, so she has been training four hours a
day. Last week, she arrived at the Amazon in
Peru. After two days of kayaking, she made the
first of her phone calls.
GUYANA
Almeirim
2 A
B
3 A
B
Is Oliver’s apartment______ ?
Yes, it's really tiny - just a bedroom and a living room.
Are you______ o f flying?
Yes, I'm terrified! I never fly anywhere.
4 A
B
5 A
B
Was the food______ ?
Yes, it was delicious.
Are you very______ ?
I’m starving! I haven’t eaten all day.
6 A
B
7 A
B
Is your parents' house______ ?
It’s enorm ous. It has seven bedrooms.
Was i t ______ in M oscow?
It was freezing! Minus 20 degrees.
8 A Was Jack's kitchen______ ?
B It was filthy. It took us three hours to clean it.
9 A Are your parents______ about the wedding?
B They’re excited. In fact, they want to pay for everything!
BRAZ I L
10 A
B
11 A
B
P h o n e c a ll 2
66 I’ve been on the Amazon tor a week now,
and I've been paddling for six out of the
seven days. The river is incredibly 5____ ,
and it's very hard to paddle in a straight line.
The water is so brown that I can't see my
paddle once it goes under the surface. It
looks like melted 6____ . I start at 5:30 in the
morning, and 1 7____ for at least 10 hours,
from 5:30 a.m. until dark, with only a short
break for lunch. My hands have been giving
me problems - I have big blisters. I now
have them bandaged in white tape.
I'm usually on the water for at least 10 hours;
it's 8___ at times, and exciting at others. I listen
to music on my iPod. I've been listening to Don’t
Stop Me Now by Queen to inspire me!
P h o n e c a ll 3
I haven't been 9____ very well this week.
The problem is heat exhaustion. They
say it’s because I haven't been drinking
enough water. I've been traveling 62 miles a
day, which is my target. But yesterday after
52 miles, I was feeling 10____ , and my head
was aching, and I had to stop and rest.
Was the movie______ ?
It was hilarious. We laughed all the way through.
Are you______ you locked the door?
I'm positive. I remember turning the key.
12 A Were you______ to hear that Ted is getting married?
B I was absolutely am azed! I never thought it would happen.
b
1 53))) Listen and check. How are the strong adjectives
pronounced? Practice the dialogues in pairs.
c
> - Communication Are you hungry? A p.104 B p.109.
d Ask and answer with a partner. Ask for more information.
1 Have you ever been swimming in a place where the water was
absolutely freezing?
2 Is there anything that makes you furious about car drivers or bike
riders in your country?
3 Are there any animals or insects that you're terrified of?
4 W hat’s the most delicious meal you’ve had recently?
5 Is there a comedian or a comedy series on TV in your country that
you think is absolutely hilarious?
7 W R IT IN G
> - p.114 Writing An inform al em ail. W rite an informal email to
thank somebody you have been staying with and to tell him or her
what you have been doing recently.
Online Practice
2B
21
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1&2 Review and Check
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
(Chxle)a, b, or c.
a (.Circle)the word that is different.
1 My sister______ fish or seafood.
a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes
1 shrimp
2 lamb
3 cherry
2 I have a quick breakfast because______ in a hurry.
a I usually b I usually am c I’m usually
3 I ______ TV when I’m having a meal.
a never watch b don’t never watch
c am never watching
4 raspberry
5 fried
c
c Do you have
beet
cucumber
baked
pepper
chicken
cabbagi
roast
1 honest
______
4 hardworking
______
2 cheap
______
5 quiet
______
3 selfish
______
W rite verbs for the definitions.
4 to get money from somebody that you will pay back______
5 to keep money so that you can use it later
______
d W rite the strong adjectives.
a I'm meeting b I meet c I’ll meet
8 A Would you like something to drink?
B Y es,______ some orange juice, please.
a I have b I'm having c I’ll have
9 A I can’t open this jar.
B ______ help you.
a I'll b I’m c I'd
10 That's a pretty dress. W here______ it?
a have you bought b did you buy
c did you bought
1 tired
______
2 hungry ______
e
3 cold ______
4 d irty ______
5 an gry______
Complete the phrasal verbs.
1 Let’s eat______ tonight. I don't feel like cooking.
2 I’m allergic to milk, so I have to cu t______ dairy
products from my diet.
3 We live______ my salary. My wife is unemployed.
4 I'll lend you the money if you promise to pay m e_____ .
11 ______ good at saving money.
a I've never been b I haven't never been
c I’ve never
12 I got $50 for my birthday, but I ______ .
5 I took $ 2 0 0 ______ o f my bank account.
P R O N U N C IA T IO N
(Circle)the word with a different sound.
a didn’t spend it vet b haven’t spent it yet
c yet I haven't spent it
13 I've had this computer______ .
a for about three years b since about three years
c for about three years ago
14 A How long______ in Paris?
22
pear
beef
peach
2 to receive money from somebody who has died ______
3 to get money by working
7 I can’t see you this evening because______ some
friends.
c has he been living
15 ______ the same gym for five years.
a I'm going to b I've been going to
squid
pork
1 to spend money on something that is not necessary______
6 W hat______ when you graduate from school?
a you are going to do b are you going do
c are you going to do
B Since last March.
a is he living b has he living
duck
b W rite the opposite adjective.
4 I usually drink a lot o f diet soda, hut right now
to cut down.
a I try b I'm trying c I’m triing
5 ______ any brothers or sisters?
a Are you having b Are you have
mussels
crab
c I go to
1 ( j)
peach
steak
beef
steamed
21
3®
4i
money
shop
positive
honest
roast
sociable
owe
account
filthy
bill
tiny
chicken
5
afford
pork
worth
organized
b Underline the stressed syllable.
1 sal mon
3 i mma ture
2 in vest
4 de li cious
5 sen si ble
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C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?
a
Read the article once. W hen did Bill Morgan's
luck change?
C A N YO U UNDERSTAND THESE
PEOPLE?
VIDEO
1 54))) O n th e s tre e t Watch or listen to five people and
answer the questions.
When bad luck becomes
good luck!
You’ve had a lo t o f bad luck in the past— a bad accident
and some frightening health problems. Does th a t keep
you from doing things in the future that involve luck, like
buying a lo tte ry ticket?
nyone who has bought a ticket for the $500-million
US Powerball jackpot can only dream of having as
much luck as Australian truck driver Bill Morgan. In
case you've never heard of Bill Morgan, his story actually
begins with some very bad luck. First, he was almost crushed
to death by a truck accident at work. The accident did not
kill him, but it did leave Bill with a heart condition. When
he was given medication for the heart condition, Bill had an
allergic reaction that caused a powerful heart attack, which
left him clinically dead for 14 minutes. After being revived by
doctors, Morgan slipped into a coma for 12 days. During this
time, his family was advised to unplug his life support system
not once, but twice. Bill's luck began to change when he
unexpectedly woke up from the coma without any permanent
damage. Bill's bad luck was ending and his heartwarming
story was just beginning.
A
Adapted from c e le b r ity n e tw o r th .c o m
After getting better, the 37-year-old Morgan found a new,
higher-paying job, and asked his long-time girlfriend, Lisa
Wells, to marry him. Lisa said yes. A week later, Morgan
bought a scratch-off lottery ticket at his local newsstand.
Bill scratched the ticket off and realized he had just won
a brand new car! A local TV news station was so amazed
by Bill's story that they sent a crew to do a human interest
story on Bill and his lucky streak. The news crew thought it
would be fun to re-create Bill's buying and scratching off the
ticket right on camera. No one could have predicted what
happened next. The ticket Bill bought for the re-enactment
ended up being a $250,000 winner! And the best part is, it all
happened on live TV (almost causing another heart attack).
b Read the article again. M ark the sentences T (true),
F (false), or D S (doesn't say).
1 Bill had a dream about winning the lottery.
2 Bill's heart condition was caused by the accident.
3 Bill was in a coma for 14 days.
4 Bill's new job was in an office.
5 The news crew bought Bill’s lottery ticket for the
re-enactment.
6 Winning $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 did not cause Bill to have another
heart attack.
c
Choose five new words or phrases from the article.
Check their meaning and pronunciation, and try to
learn them.
Max
Andrew
Samantha
Zenobia
Skylar
1 Max says he______ .
a often made brownies for his sister in the past
b doesn’t mind sharing his brownies with friends who
are also feeling down
c hasn't eaten brownies in a long time
2 Andrew likes Asian restaurants because______ .
a he doesn't like cooking
b it's cheaper than eating at home
c he can't cook that type o f food at home
3 Samantha and her brother______ .
a talk to each other a lot b don't like each other at all
c don't like each other as much after spending a lot of
time together
4 Zenobia buys a bag______ .
a if it’s cheaper than usual
c if she needs a new one
b every three months
5 Skylar took part in a charity event______ .
a when she was 15 b for people who are sick with cancer
c that raised money for captains
C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN E N G L IS H ?
Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you can
do them.
C an yo u ...?
1
describe your diet and the typical diet in your
country, and say how it is changing
2 □
agree or disagree with the following statement, and
say why: Ourfavorite fo o d is usually something we
liked when we were children.
3 □
describe members of your family, saying what they
look like and what they are like
4 __] describe some of your plans and predictions for the
future (e.g., your education, your family life)
5 □
•
•
VIDEO
ask and answer the following questions:
Have you ever won any money? How much did you
win? What did you do with it?
How long have you been learning English?
Where did you first start learning?
Short movies Goodwill Industries
Watch and enjoy the movie.
GOODWILL
INDUSTRIES
HF1DATUPnr
23
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G comparatives and superlatives
V transportation
P /J/, /d3/, and /tJ7, linking
What’s the
best way to get
around New York
City?
Race across Miami
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
tra n sp o rta tio n
a
In pairs, can you think o f four different forms o f
public transportation in towns and cities in your
country?
b > - p.155 Vocabulary Bank Transportation.
Probably the
subway although
taxis are more
comfortable.
3 R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
a
You are going to read about a race that the car show Top
G ear organized across the US state o f Florida. Read the
introduction and answer the questions.
1 Where do they have to go from? Where to?
2 W hat are the three methods o f transportation?
3 Which one do you think will be the fastest? Why?
4 In what order do you think the other two will arrive? Why?
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, /d 3/, and /tJ7
a
2 4))) Look at the pictures. W hat are the words
and sounds? Listen and repeat.
What’s the fastest way
On
b W rite three words from the list in each column.
Top Gear, a very
popular TV series about cars and driving,
they decided to organize a race across Florida to fin d the
quickest way to cross a busy state. The idea w as to s ta rt from
adventure bridge catch crash
each rush station tra ffic jam
c
dangerous
2 5))) Listen and check. Practice saying the words.
Miami, in the southw estern part of the tip of Florida, and to
finish the race at the southern-m ost point of the US, Key West,
a trip of 160 miles. Three possible fo rm s of transportation
were chosen: a motorboat, a car, and a com bination of
d Look at the words in the columns. W hat are the
typical spellings for these sounds? G o to the
Sound Bank p.167 and check.
e
2 6))) Listen to the pairs o f words. Can you hear
the difference? Practice saying them.
1 a cheap
2 a chain
b jeep
b jane
3 a choke
b joke
/J7 and /tfl
4 a ship
b chip
5 a shoes
6 a wash
b choose
b watch
2»7))) Listen andt^ircj^the word you hear.
24
the motorboat and his colleague Adam Ferrera too k the car
(a 2010 Lotus Evora). Tanner Foust too k different kinds of
transportation. His trip involved getting a taxi to the airport
w here he fle w in a seaplane. Then he rented a scooter.
They set o ff from Jones Boat Yard on the Miami River...
/tJ7 and /d3/
g
transportation. One of the show ’s hosts, Rutledge Wood, took
2 8))) Listen and write five sentences.
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b Now read about the trips by motorboat and car. Do
you still think your predictions in 3a are right?
c
Rutledge in the m otorboat
Read the two trips again and answer the questions
with R (Rutledge) or A (Adam).
W h o ...?
His trip began in the Miami River. For the first hour there
1 □ went much faster in the later part o f his trip
2 Q ] did something illegal
was a speed limit of 7 miles an hour because of the
enforced no-wake zone in the river. Once the boat passed
3 [_j went more slowly in the later part o f his trip
4 Q had to stop for more gas
through Biscayne Bay and went under the Rickenbacker
Bridge, he entered open water. Rutledge increased the
5 I_] couldn’t understand the directions spoken by
the GPS
boat’s speed to over 90 miles an hour and made up the time
he lost on the Miami River. Approximately 60 miles from
the finish line, Rutledge was ahead of Adam and Tanner,
but he had to stop for gas if he wanted to reach the finish
line in Key West. In the 15 minutes it took to refuel the boat,
Adam passed Rutledge in the car and took the lead. Once
Rutledge was back on the open water, there were a lot of
big waves, but he was able to pass Adam near Seven Mile
6 ŋ
was in the lead for most o f the race
d Look at the highlighted verbs and verb phrases.
W ith a partner, figure out their meaning from
context.
Bridge just outside of Key West. Unfortunately for both
Rutledge and Adam, Tanner flew over both of them in the
seaplane at about the same time. Now Tanner was in the
best position to win. Each racer was only miles from the
finish line in Key West. Who would win?
Tanner in the seaplane
e
2 9))) Now listen to what happened to Tanner.
Follow his route on the map.
Adam in the car
Adam started off OK. He wasn’t driving fast because
he was going the speed limit. However, after an hour,
Adam decided that he was going too slowly. He increased
his speed to 75 miles an hour— 20 miles an hour over
the speed limit. As Adam passed through a small town,
he was stopped by the police! They were angry that
Adam was speeding, and it meant that Adam lost many
valuable minutes! Another problem Adam had was that
his GPS was programmed to give directions in Spanish
instead of English. This made finding his way to Key West
difficult. As Adam finally approached Key West, the traffic
was getting worse. He was worried about getting stuck so
close to the finish line. Only three miles to go...
f
2 10))) With a partner, write down the order in which
you now think the three people arrived. Now listen to
what happened. W hat order did they arrive in?
g > • Communication I’m a tourist - can you help me?
A p.104 B p.109.
Glossary
1 mile the unit o f distance used in the US and the UK (=1.6
kilometers); 160 miles = 257 kilometers
seaplane an airplane that can take off from the water or the land
no-wake zone an area o f water where boats must travel slowly to
avoid making waves
Online Practice ■
3A
25
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4 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives
a
Read the sentences. Are the highlighted phrases right or wrong?
W rite a check ( / ) or an X next to them and correct the wrong
sentences.
1 □
6 L IS T E N IN G
a
1 Which o f these things do you (or people you
know) do when you are driving?
What's the quicker way to get around Miami?
2 Which do you think are the most
dangerous? Number them 1-3 (1 = the most
dangerous).
2 I ] Driving is more boring than going by train.
3 Q The boat was almost as fast than the hike.
4 L J West Hollywood is the same distance from Los Angeles as
South Gate.
5 □
6 Q
There aren’t as much trains as there were before on this line.
It was the more exciting trip I’ve ever taken.
Read the text and then talk to a partner.
3 Which one do you think is the least
dangerous?
b
2 15))) Now listen to a safety expert.
Number the activities 1-7. Were your top
three right?
c
Listen again for more inform ation about
each activity and why it is dangerous.
7 Ld The worst time o f day to travel in New York City is between
7:30 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.
8 [ ] Women drive more careful than men.
b > - p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about comparatives and
superlatives, and practice them.
5
P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking
Linking
We often link words together in English, especially when we speak
fast. We link words:
1 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins
with a vowel sound, e.g., more^exciting
2 when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word begins
with the same consonant sound, e.g., the fastest^train
3 when a word ends in /t/ or /d/ and the next word begins with HI or
/d/, e.g., the biggest^dog
a
2 14))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Try to link the marked
words and copy the rhythm.
ı
2
3
4
5
Ridings motorcycle j s morejexciting than driving.
Thefastestjtrairuonly ta k e ^ itjio u c a n o half.
it's more d iffic u lty drivq^t night than during the day.
My fa th e r’s worsq^tjdriving than my mother
The mostjdangerous roadjn my tow rljs the freeway.
b Talk to a partner. For each group o f three things compare them
using the bold adjective, i.e., for 1 decide which is the most
dangerous, and then compare the other two. Say why.
1 dangerous: riding a bike; riding a motorcycle; driving
2 easy: learning to drive; learning to ride a bike; learning to ride
a horse
3 relaxing: flying; traveling by train; driving
4 difficult: sleeping on a train; sleeping in a plane; sleeping
on a bus
5 boring: being stuck in a traffic jam; waiting at an airport;
waiting for a bus
I think riding a bike is the most dangerous because
sometimes drivers don’t notice bike riders. Riding
a motorcycle is more dangerous than driving.
26
3A
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7 S P E A K IN G
Which of these things
is the most (and least)
a
dangerous
Slow drivers cause more accidents than
when you're driving a car?
fast drivers.
People who drink and drive should lose
A car magazine tested drivers in a driving
simulator. The drivers had to drive in the
simulator and do the things in the list below.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
E a t in g o r d rin k in g
their driver’s license for life.
Speed cameras do not stop accidents.
Drivers who are over 70 are as dangerous as
□
T a lk in g o n a c e ll p h o n e (n o t h a n d s fr e e )
□
S e t t in g or a d ju s tin g a G P S
□
Look at the statements below and decide
whether you agree or disagree. Check ( / )
the ones you agree with and put an X next
to the ones you disagree with. Think about
your reasons.
young drivers.
Bike riders should have to wear helmets.
The minimum age for riding a motorcycle
L is t e n in g t o y o u r f a v o r it e m u s ic
□
should be 25.
L is t e n in g t o m u s ic y o u d o n 't k n o w
□
The speed limit on freeways should be lower.
S e n d in g o f re c e iv in g t e x t m e s s a g e s
□
D o in g y o u f h a ir o r p u t t in g o n m a k e u p
□
b In groups, give your opinions about each
statement. Try to use expressions from the
box. Do you agree?
P
Agreeing and disagreeing
I agree/don’t agree with this.
with Juan.
I th in k/d o n't think
you’re
that's
right.
I com pletely/totally
agree.
disagree.
8 W R IT IN G
> - p.115 Writing An article for a
m agazine. W rite a magazine article about
transportation in your town or city.
9
2 1 B«) S O N G 500 M/'iesj:
Online Practice
3A
27
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3B
G articles: a / an, the, no article
V collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions
P bl, sentence stress, Ids/ or Idil?
Stereotypes - or are they?
1 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a
In pairs, answer the questions.
1 Are you a talkative or a quiet person?
2 Who is...?
a the most talkative person in your family
b the most talkative person you know'
3 Do you think that, generally speaking, women are
more talkative than men?
4 What topics do...?
a men talk about more than women
b women talk about more than men
b
Look at the definition o f stereotype. Then A read the article
Men talkjust as much as women and B read the article
Gossip with the girls? Find answers to questions 1-4.
stereotype
noun a fixed idea about a particular type
o f person or thing, which is often not true in reality. > - stereotype
verb In advertisem en ts, w om en a r e o ften s tereo ty p ed a s housew ives.
1 What was the stereotype that the researchers wanted
to investigate?
2 Where was the research done?
3 How was the research done?
4 What did the research show?
c
In pairs, tell each other about your article, using
questions 1 -4 to help you.
d Now read both articles again and look at the highlighted
words and phrases, which are commonly used in articles
about research. Match them with definitions 1-10.
1 In fact
adverb really
2 ________ verb make less
3 ________ usually do it
4 ________ adverb a little bit
5 ________ linking word used to connect or contrast
two facts
6 ________ verb say that something is true
7 ________ as said or shown by somebody
8 ________ verb include several different things in
addition to the ones mentioned
9 ________ adverb nearly
10
not completely believed, doubted
e
W hich o f the two pieces o f research do you think is ...?
1 more credible
2 more important
28
Do you think
women ta lk more
than men?
Yes, in general
I think they
probably do.
3 more surprising
Men talk just as
much as women can it really be true?
R
esearch by psychologists at the University of
Arizona has shown that the stereotype that
women talk more than men may not be true. In
the study, hundreds of college students were fitted
with recorders, and the total number of words they
used during the day was then counted.
The results, published in the New Scientist, showed that
women speak about 16,000 words a day and men speak
only slightly fewer. In fact, the four most talkative people
in the study were all men.
Professor Matthias Mehl, who was in charge of the
research, said that he and his colleagues had expected to
find that women were more talkative.
GOSSIP WITH THE
GIRLS? JUST PICK ANY
ONE OF FORTY SUBJECTS
omen are experts at gossiping - and they often
talk about trivial things, or at least that's what
men have always thought. However according to
research done by Professor Petra Boynton, a psychologist
at University College London,
when women talk to women their
conversations are not trivial at all, and
cover many more topics (up to 40) than
when men talk to other men.
W
Women's conversations range from
health to their houses, from politics to
fashion, from movies to family, from
education to relationship problems.
Almost everything, in fact, except
soccer. Men tend to talk about fewer
subjects, the most popular being work,
sports, jokes, cars, and women.
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2 G R A M M A R articles: a / an, the, no article
a
Complete 1 - 4 with a / an, the, or - (no article).
1 “Have you heard this joke?____ hamburger and____ French fry
walk into a coffee shop.____ waitress says, “I'm sorry. We don't
serve____ food here.”
2 “I just read____ article o n ____ Internet about how eating____
strawberries makes you look younger..
3 “I’m sure there’s something wrong between us because we never
go out to ____ dinner or t o ____ movies anymore.”
4 “Did you watch____ game____ last night? I can’t believe that_____
referee didn’t see that it was____ penalty..
A dapted from th e Daily M ail website
Adapted from the N ew S c ie n tis t
b According to the article Gossip with the girls?, who do you think
would probably say 1 -4 , a man or a woman?
However, they had been skeptical of the
common belief that women use three times as
many words as men. This idea became popular
after the publication of a book called The
Fem ale Brain (2006) whose author, Louann
Brizendine, claimed that “a woman uses about
20,000 words per day, whereas a man uses
about 7,000.”
Professor Mehl accepts that many people will
find the results difficult to believe. However, he
thinks that this research is important because
the stereotype, that women talk too much and
men keep quiet, is bad not only for women but
also for men. “It says that to be a good male, it’s
better not to talk - that silence is golden.”
Professor Boynton interviewed over 1,000
women for her study. She also found that women
move quickly from one subject to another in
conversation, whereas men usually stick to one
subject for longer periods of time.
Professor Boynton also says that men and women
talk for different reasons. In social situations,
women use conversation to solve problems and
reduce stress, while men talk to each other to
laugh or to exchange opinions.
c
p.137 Grammar Bank 3B. Learn more about articles and
practice them.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
/ə/, sentence stress, /ðə/ or /di/?
a
2 20))) Listen and repeat the sound and words.
a about anniversary complain credible
problem talkative usually woman
b
2 21))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Then practice saying
them with the /ə/ sound.
What are we going to have for lunch to day?
2 i'd like to see a good movie to night.
3 Please stop complaining about the weather.
4 The woman in the kitchen is very talkative.
5 There’s a problem with the computer.
ı
c
2 22)}) Listen and underline five phrases where the is pronounced
/di/ (not /ðə/). W hy does the pronunciation change?
the movies the end the other day the world the sun
the Internet the kitchen the answer the Earth
4 S P E A K IN G
Prove that the research in Gossip with the girls? is wrong!
Work in pairs or small groups.
If you’re a woman, try to talk for two minutes about:
soccer cars
computers
If you’re a man, try to talk for two minutes about:
fashion
shopping your family
Online Practice
3B
29
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5
R E A D IN G & L IS T E N IN G
d
a Do you think it is a stereotype that women are better
than men at taking care o f small children? D o you
know any men who stay at home and take care o f their
children? How do they manage?
2 23))) Listen to two men talking in the park
about the book and mark the sentences T (true)
or F (false).
b Look at an illustration based on a new book about
taking care o f young children. Can you name some o f
the things in the picture?
1 Miranda is older than Stephen.
2 Miranda’s father slept badly the night before.
3 Stephen’s father recommends sleeping pills.
4 Stephen’s father hasn't read Commando Dad.
5 He likes the website because he enjoys reading about
other men’s experiences.
6 Stephen’s father really likes the book because it helps
him and makes him laugh.
c Read the beginning o f an article about the book. Why
did Neil Sinclair write it? In what way is it different
from other books about raising children?
7 In Com mando D ad, B T means Baby Trooper and Base
Camp means the kitchen.
8 The author o f Com mando Dad thinks that women are
only better than men when the baby is small,
e
Listen again and correct the wrong information.
f
Do you think it’s a good idea to have a book and a
website on childcare especially for men?
Why (not)?
F o r s ix y e a r s N eil S in c la ir se rv e d a s a
com m ando in th e arm y. He h ad been in a
lo t o f d angerous situ a tio n s, b u t nothing
prep ared h im fo r th e day w hen he brought
h is f ir s t baby hom e fro m th e h o sp ital.
“I put th e c a r se a t con tain in g m y tw o-dayold son Sam uel down on th e floor and sa id to
m y w ife, ‘W h at do w e do n o w ?”
W hen he le ft th e a r m y S in cla ir and h is w ife agreed
th a t he would s ta y a t home and ta k e c a re o f th e baby,
while h is w ife w ent b a ck to work.
“I have done a lot of c ra z y th in g s, but w hen I put
th a t baby down I thought: I have a tin y baby, and he is
crying. W hat does he w an t? W hat does he need? I did
not know. It w as one of th e m ost difficult days of my
life.”
It w as a t th a t m om ent th a t S in cla ir had an idea.
“I found m y self th in k in g how m uch e a sie r life would
be if I had a b a sic tra in in g m an u al fo r m y baby, like
th e m an u al you get w hen you jo in th e arm y. I realized
th a t somebody needed to w rite such a m anual,
and who b e tte r to w rite it th a n m e? I had been a
comm ando, bu t I w as now a stay-at-hom e dad. I was
th e m an fo r th e jo b.”
His book, Commando Dad: Basic Training, is a set
of in stru ctio n s th a t exp lain s w ith m ilita ry precision
and d iagram s how new fa th e rs should approach th e
fir s t th r e e y e a rs o f th e ir child’s life to becom e a
first-ra te father.
A dapted from The Tim es
Glossary
commando noun one o f a group of soldiers who are trained to make
quick attacks in enemy areas
stay-at-home dad noun a man who stays at home and takes care o f the
children while his wife goes to work
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6 S P E A K IN G
a
MEN<d?WOMEN
2 24))) Listen to someone talking about
men and women, and fill in the blanks.
stereotypes or true?
“Generally_______, I think women worry
more about their appearance than men.
They_______to spend hours choosing
what to wear, doing their hair, and putting
on makeup. Women are also_______
better at making themselves look more
attractive. But I think th a t in _______ , men
are more worried than women about their
body image. They feel more insecure about
their hair, fo r instance, especially when
they’re going bald.”
b
• Women worry more about their appearance than men.
• Women spend more time than men on social networking
sites.
• Men talk more about things; women talk more about people.
• Men are more interested than women in gadgets like
phones and tablets.
• Women are better at multitasking than men.
• Men find it more difficult than women to talk to their
friends or family if they have a problem.
• Women spend more time than men talking about
celebrities and their lifestyles.
• Men are more interested than women in power.
• Women are less interested in sports than men.
• Men worry more about their health than women.
In small groups discuss if the statements
about men and women are stereotypes or
true. Try to use the highlighted expressions
for generalizing from a.
7 VOCABULARY
collocation: verbs / adjectives + prepositions
a
Cover the statements above. Can you remember the missing
prepositions?
1 Men worry m ore___ their health than women.
2 Women are better___multitasking than men.
3 Men are more interested than women___power.
b > - p.156 Vocabulary Bank Dependent prepositions.
P
When are prepositions stressed?
Prepositions are usually only stressed when they are the
last word, e.g., in a question. Compare:
need to ta lk about our vacation.
What are you talking about?
we
Freddie is afraid of flying.
What are you afraid of?
c
Complete the questions with a preposition.
1 When you're with friends o f the same sex, what do you usually
talk___ ?
2 Are there any sports or games that you’re good___ ?
THE BASICS
3 Is there anything you're really looking forward___ ?
4 Who in your family are you closest___?
5 What kind o f movies are you interested__ ?
Survive the first 24 hours
Prepare and plan to prevent
poor parental performance
6 Are there any animals or insects that you're afraid___?
7 What's your town famous___ ?
Maintain morale
Feed, clothe, transport and
entertain your troops
8 Are there any superstitions that you believe___?
d
l=ROM BIRTH TO 3 /EARS
Foreword by Dr Jan M ag e r-Jo n e s MB ChB
2 27))) Listen and check. Then ask and answer the questions with
a partner.
3B
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Practical Engli
VIDEO
R O B ’S IN T E R V IE W
A difficult celebrity
2 ■ < G IV IN G O P IN IO N S
a
2 29))) Watch or listen to the conversation at lunch. W hat do they
disagree about?
b Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.
1 What does Kerri think about...?
a the waiters in New York City compared to London
b people in New' York City compared to London
2 Who agrees with Kerri? Who disagrees? What do they think?
3 Who calls Rob? What about?
a
2 28))) Watch or listen to Rob interviewing
Kerri. W hat is she happy / not happy to talk
about?
b
Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences
T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Kerri’s song is about love.
2 Kerri plays in a band.
3 She used to go out with a member of
the band.
4 Only one o f her parents was a musician.
5 Kerri started playing the guitar when she
was six.
6 Her new album is very different from the
previous ones.
7 She’s been recording and touring recently.
8 She’s going to give a big concert in
New York City.
32
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c
2 30))) Look at some extracts from the
conversation. Can you remember any o f the
missing words? Watch or listen and check.
1
Kerri
Don
Kerri
Don
2
Don
Kerri
Jenny
Kerri
d
3 ■ < A S U R P R IS E FO R K ER R I
a
2 3 2 ))) Watch or listen to the end o f the lunch.
Why is Kerri surprised?
________ , I th in k people in London
are a lo t more easygoing. London’s
ju s t n o t as h ectic as New York.
Sure, we all like peace and quiet.
But in m y _________, New York is
possibly... well, no, is d e fin ite ly th e
g re a te s t c ity in th e world.
Don’t y o u _________?
To b e _________ , I d e fin ite ly prefer
London.
Come on, Rob. You've lived in both.
W hat do y o u _________ ?
OK, I _________ , London has its
own peculiar charm. B ut if y o u _____
me, nothing com pares w ith a c ity
like New York. The whole w orld is
here!
But th a t’s th e problem. It’s too
big. There are to o many people.
Everybody’s so stressed out. And
nobody has any tim e fo r you.
I don’t th in k th a t’s _________ , Kerri.
New Yorkers are very friendly.
O h _________ , th e y can sound
frie n dly w ith all th a t “Have a nice
day” s tu ff.
2 3 1 ))) Watch or listen and repeat the
highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and
intonation.
O American and British English
cell phone = Am erican English
mobile phone = B ritish English
b Watch or listen again and complete the information.
e
Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
1 Kerri thinks the waitress is friendly when they leave because
Don...
f
mmi
In small groups, practice giving
opinions. Discuss the following sentences.
2 Jenny is worried because she thinks R ob...
3 Kerri thinks that the taxi driver is very...
- The best place to live is in a big city.
c
- Riding a bike is the most practical way to
get around big cities.
- You only get good service in expensive
restaurants.
Look at the S o cial En glish ph rases. Can you remember any o f
the missing words?
Social English phrases
Jenny
Jenny
Rob
Rob
Kerri
- It’s irritating when people in stores or
restaurants say Have a nice day!
d
e
Did y o u _______ w h a t you said in th e re staurant, Rob?
It’s _______ that... you seemed hom esick in there.
O h,_______ on a m inute.
Our ta x i’s c o m e _______ .
That was s o _______ o f him!
2 33))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say
them in your language?
^
Can you...?
interview someone or be interview ed
[
give your opinion a b o u t som ething
agree or disagree w ith o th e r people’s opinions
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4A
G can, could, be able to
V -ed / -ing adjectives
P sentence stress
Failure and success
1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to
a I f at first y o u d o n ’t succeed, try, try, try again is a
well-known saying. W hat does it mean?
b
Can you
speak French?
M ore recently other people
have invented different ways
o f continuing the saying.
W hich one do you like best?
No, I’ve
never been able
l to learn a foreign
language.
ibeen
ve never
able to...
If at firs t you don’t succeed,
...give up
...blame your parents
...destroy all th e evidence th a t you tried
...do it th e way your m o th e r to ld you to
...skydiving is n o t fo r you
c
Look at the definition o f b e able to. W hat other verb is
it sim ilar to?
be able to (do something) to have the ability, opportunity, time,
etc., to do something: Willyou be able to come to the meeting next week?
d
Read about three people who have tried (but failed) to
learn something, and complete the texts with A -G .
A I was able to
B Not being able to
C I just wasn’t able to
D I will never be able to
E I would suddenly be able to
F I've always wanted to be able to
G we would never be able to
e
Read the article again. W hy did they have problems?
Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever
tried to learn something and given up? Why?
f
Look at phrases A - G again. W hat tense or form is
b e a b le to in each one? W hat tenses or forms does
can have?
g >• p.138 Grammar Bank 4A . Learn more about can,
could, and be able to, and practice them.
h > - C om m unication Guess th e sentence A p.105
B p.109.
really wanted to learn. Maybe it was because of that
scene in one of the very first James Bond movies, where a
beautiful actress comes out of the ocean looking fabulous,
with oxygen tanks on her back - I could see myself looking
just like her. So, two years ago I booked a vacation that
included a week-long intensive course. On the first day of
the course, I was incredibly excited. First, we had two hours
of theory, and then we went into the ocean to put it into
practice. But as soon as I went under the water, I discovered
that I suffered from claustrophobia. 1_________ do it. After
about half an hour I gave up. Every evening for the rest of
my vacation I had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates
talking about all the wonderful things they had seen that
day on their diving excursions. 2_________ join in the
conversation was very frustrating.
I
I still love swimming and snorkeling, but I think that I have to
accept that3_________ scuba dive.
Bea, the US
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2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a
2 36))) Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the
rhythm.
ı
love to b e able t o ski.
2 w e won’t b e able t o come.
3 i v e never b e e n able t o dance.
4 s h e hates not b e in g able t o drive.
b
id
2 37))) Listen again. Make new sentences with the
verbs or verb phrases you hear.
))) I’d love to be able to ski Ride a horse
I'd love to be able to ride a horse.
4_________________ dance salsa, and when I was w orking in
Ecuador there were free classes, so I joined. But the art o f salsa
We won’t be able to come. Park
is to keep your arms still and move your hips, and I just couldn't
do it. When I hear music my arms start moving, but my hips
don't. After about ten hours o f classes 5_________________ do
We won't be able to park.
the basic steps, but I was dancing like a robot! I d id n't give up,
but soon everyone in the class was dancing, and I was just
slowly moving from side to side and counting out loud “ one,
two, three, four.” It was a little embarrassing. I was sure that one
d a y 6_________________ do it - but that never happened. I can
3 S P E A K IN G
a
Look at the topics. Choose two or three and think
about what you could say for them.
still remember the first tw o steps, and I still try to dance when I
hear a salsa tune - as long as nobody is watching!
Sean, Canada
Som ething you’ve trie d to learn, b u t have never been
able to do well.
Som ething you learned to do a fte r a lo t o f e ffo rt.
...speak Japanese
Som ething you can do, b u t you'd like to be able to
do better.
Som ething new th a t you would like to be able to do.
love manga - Japanese comics - and I tried to learn Japanese,
but I found it incredibly difficult, and I gave up after two years.
Som ething you are learning to do and th a t you hope you’ll
I think Asian languages, which have symbols instead o f words,
soon be able to do well.
are extrem ely hard to learn for people w ho are more used to
Som ething you th in k all young people should be able to do
Roman letters. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak
Spanish very well, which d id n't help! She was a very charming
before th e y leave school.
woman, but she was a little disappointed with us, and you could
see that she thought th a t7_________________ learn. However,
one day she invited us to dinner and gave us some delicious
traditional Japanese food, and since then I often go to Japanese
restaurants. So I learned to love the food, if not to speak the
language!
b Work with a partner. Tell him / her about the things
you chose in a . Give reasons or explanations for
each one.
/’ve never been able to ski and now I don't think lit ever learn.
I always wanted to learn, but I don't live near mountains...
Joaquin, Argentina
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4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives
5 R E A D IN G & S P E A K IN G
a D o you know anybody who speaks more than two
languages? W hich languages do they speak? How did
they learn?
b
2 39))) You are going to read an article about Alex Rawlings,
who speaks 11 languages. Before you read, match the
languages below with words 1 -1 1 . Then listen and check.
□ English
□ Spanish
m Afrikaans
□ Catalan
LH Greek
□ Russian
□
LH French
□
□
German
J
Dutch
Hebrew
Italian
c Read the article. W hich language(s)...?
1 did he learn as a child
a
Look at the photo. Complete the sentences with
bored or boring.
1 The movie was_______ .
2 The audience was_______ .
P
b
-edand -ing adjectives
Many adjectives for feelings have two possible
forms, either ending in -ed or in -ing, e.g.,
frustrated and frustrating.
We use the adjective ending in -ed for the person
who has the feeling (I was very frustrated that I
couldn't scuba dive). We use the adjective ending
in -ing for a person or situation that produces the
feeling (/ couldn’t join in the conversation, which
was very frustrating).
Read the information box. Then complete the
adjectives with -ed or -ing.
1 What do you think is the most excit___ sport
to watch?
2 What's the most am az___scenery you've
ever seen?
3 What music do you listen to if you feel
depress___?
4 Have you ever been disappoint___by a
birthday present?
5 Which do you find more tir___, speaking
English or listening to English?
6 What's the most em barrass___thing that’s
ever happened to you?
7 Are you scare___ o f spiders?
8 Do you feel very tir___in the morning?
9 Who’s the most bor___person you know?
10 Do you ever get fru strat___by technology?
c
2 38))) Listen and check. Underline the stressed
syllable in the adjectives.
2 is he studying in college
3 does he like best
4 is he planning to learn next
5 did he wish he had been able to speak when he was a child
6 was the first one he taught himself
7 did he find the most difficult
He’s only 20,
but he can sp e a k
eleven languages
oo<>oc«oo<x>«<x>oooooooooooo<x>ooo<>ooc>oooc->oocK>oooc<i<>o<x>oo<>ooo<>««<x>o<>oo««eoo<>oo<>coooooooooooc><x>ooooooc>oocooooo<><x><>o<>oo<><>ooo<>ooo««o<>o««o
n a competition run by a dictionary publisher,
college student Alex Rawlings was named the
most multilingual student.
I
T h e G e r m a n a n d R u s s ia n s t u d e n t , w h o is o n ly 20 y e a r s
o ld , c a n s p e a k 11 la n g u a g e s f lu e n t ly . In a v id e o f o r a n e w s
w e b s it e , h e d e m o n s t r a t e d h is s k i l l s b y s p e a k in g in a ll o f
t h e m , c h a n g in g q u ic k ly f r o m o n e t o a n o t h e r . R a w lin g s s a id
t h a t w in n in g t h e c o m p e t it io n w a s “ a b it o f a s h o c k . " H e
e x p la in e d , “ I s a w t h e c o m p e t it io n a d v e r t is e d , a n d I h e a r d
s o m e t h in g a b o u t a f r e e iP a d . 1n e v e r im a g in e d t h a t it w o u ld
g e n e r a t e t h i s a m o u n t o f m e d ia a t t e n t io n . ”
A s a c h ild , R a w lin g s ' m o t h e r , w h o is h a lf G r e e k , u s e d to
s p e a k to h im in E n g lis h , G r e e k , a n d F r e n c h , a n d h e o f t e n
v is it e d h is f a m ily in G r e e c e .
H e s a id t h a t h e h a s a lw a y s b e e n in t e r e s t e d in la n g u a g e s .
“ M y d a d w o r k e d in J a p a n f o r f o u r y e a r s , a n d I w a s a lw a y s
f r u s t r a t e d t h a t I c o u ld n 't s p e a k to t h e k id s b e c a u s e o f t h e
la n g u a g e b a r r ie r .” A f t e r v is it in g H o lla n d a t t h e a g e o f 1 4 , h e
d e c id e d to le a r n D u t c h w it h C D s a n d b o o k s . “ W h e n I w e n t
b a c k I c o u ld t a lk t o p e o p le . It w a s g r e a t . ”
H e t a u g h t h i m s e lf m a n y o f t h e la n g u a g e s w it h “ t e a c h
d Ask and answer the questions in pairs. Ask for
more information.
36
4A
y o u r s e l f ” b o o k s , b u t a l s o b y w a t c h in g m o v ie s , lis t e n in g to
m u s ic , a n d t r a v e lin g t o t h e c o u n t r ie s t h e m s e lv e s .
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d Look at the highlighted words and phrases related to
language learning, and figure out their meaning from
the context. Then ask and answer the questions with
a partner.
e Read the grammar inform ation box. Then complete
1 -5 with a reflexive pronoun.
P
1 Can you or anyone in your family speak another
language fluently?
2 Do you know any basic phrases in any other
languages?
3 Do you have a personal link to another country or
language? Why?
4 Have you ever traveled to another country and felt that
there was a real language barrier?
5 What other languages would you like to be able to
Reflexive pronouns
He taught himself many o f the languages with "teach
yourself" books.
We use reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) when
the object of a verb is the same as the subject, e.g., He
taught himself Russian. = He was his own teacher.
We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasize the subject
of an action, e.g., We painted the kitchen ourselves.
1 I always test________ on new vocabulary. It’s a good
way to remember it.
2 My uncle built the house________ . It took him
three years.
3 This light is automatic. It turns________ on and off.
4 Did you fix the computer________ ? Good job!
5 My sister’s so vain! Every time she passes a mirror, she
looks a t________ in it!
6 L IS T E N IN G & S P E A K IN G
a
2 40))) You’re going to listen to six advanced students
o f English giving a tip that has helped them to learn.
Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your
notes with a partner.
TIP 1 : Change the language to English on all
th e ______ you have, for example on
your______, o r______, o r______ .
TIP 2: Do things that you______
______, but in English.
O f a ll t h e la n g u a g e s h e s p e a k s , R a w lin g s s a y s t h a t
R u s s ia n , w h ic h h e h a s b e e n le a r n in g f o r a y e a r a n d a
h a lf, is t h e h a r d e s t . H e s a id , “ T h e r e s e e m to b e m o r e
TIP 3: Try to find an English-speaking
______o r______ .
TIP 4: Get a ____________ app for
your phone.
e x c e p t io n s t h a n r u le s ! " H e a d d e d , “ I e s p e c i a lly lik e
G r e e k b e c a u s e I t h in k it ’ s b e a u t if u l a n d , b e c a u s e o f m y
m o t h e r , I h a v e a s t r o n g p e r s o n a l lin k t o t h e c o u n t r y a n d
t o t h e la n g u a g e ."
“ E v e r y o n e s h o u ld le a r n la n g u a g e s , e s p e c i a lly i f t h e y
t r a v e l a b r o a d . If y o u m a k e t h e e f f o r t to le a r n e v e n t h e
TIP 5: Book yourself a ______in
a n ______-____________ .
TIP 6: Listen to as many______as
possible in English, and then
___________________ them
m o s t b a s ic p h r a s e s w h e r e v e r y o u g o , it in s t a n t ly s h o w s
t h e p e r s o n y o u 'r e s p e a k in g t o t h a t y o u r e s p e c t h i s o r
h e r c u lt u r e . G o in g a r o u n d s p e a k in g E n g lis h lo u d ly a n d
b Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip.
g e t t in g f r u s t r a t e d w it h p e o p le is t a c t l e s s a n d r u d e . ”
Adapted from C h e rw ell.org
T h e n e x t la n g u a g e R a w lin g s h o p e s t o le a r n is A r a b ic ,
b u t “ o n ly o n c e I'v e f in is h e d m y d e g r e e a n d g o t s o m e
m o r e t im e o n m y h a n d s . F o r n o w I n e e d to c o n c e n t r a t e o n
m y G e r m a n a n d R u s s ia n , s o I c a n p r e p a r e f o r m y f in a ls . "
c Talk to a partner.
• Do you already do any o f these things?
• Which do you think is th e best tip?
• Which tip could you easily put into practice? Try it!
G lo ssa ry
A frik a a n s a language that has developed from Dutch,
spoken in South Africa
C atalan a language spoken in parts o f northern Spain and
southern France
fin a ls the last exams that students take in college
• What other things do you do to improve your English
outside class (e.g., visit chat websites, listen to
audio books)?
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G modals o f obligation: must, have to, should
V phone language
P silent consonants, linking
4B
Modern manners?
Yes,
I think you
probably
should.
1 V O C A B U L A R Y & S P E A K IN G
phone language
GRAMMAR
m odals o f obligation: must, have to, should
a
2 4 1 ))) Listen and match the
phone sentences with the sounds.
Read the extract from Debrett’s guide to cell phone
etiquette. Then talk to a partner about questions 1 -4 .
a
D
B [
He's dialing a number.
She's texting / messaging a friend.
1 Do you agree with what Debrett’s says?
2 Do you ever do any o f these things?
C □
D□
She just hungup.
She's choosing a new ringtone.
D
f D
He’s calling back.
She left a m essage on his voicemail.
3 Are they a problem where you live?
4 Are there any other things people do with their phones that
annoy you?
e
g
b
D
The line’s busy.
Can you explain what these are?
Skype a screensaver silent / vibrate mode
quiet zones instant messaging
c
Debrett's, a well-known publisher, has been producing
guides on how people should behave since the 1900s,
including Debrett’s Etiquette and M odern M anners and The
English Gentleman. Nowadays it still offers advice on what
(and what not) to do in social situations.
Use the questionnaire to interview another
student. Ask for more information.
YOU AND YOUR PHONE
I W hat brand is your phone? How long
have you had it?
j W ould you like to get a new one?
W hy (not)?
I W hat ringtone do you have?
j W hat do you use your phone for (apart
from talking)?
I W here and when do you usually turn off
your cell phone?
Have you ever...?
• lost your phone
• sent a message to the wrong person
• forgotten to turn your phone off
(with embarrassing consequences)
38
Do I have
to bring a
present?
DEBRETT’S
guide to
cell phone etiquette
1 T hin k w hat you r ringtone says abou t you
I f you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone, it's
almost certainly the wrong one and you should change it.
2 W h en in doubt, use silent or vibrate m ode
It may surprise your companions when you suddenly
answer an invisible, silent phone, but at least they won't
have to listen to your ringtone.
3 Take notice o f who is around you
Make sure your conversation is not disturbing other people.
Intimate conversations are never appropriate in front
of others.
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3
P R O N U N C IA T IO N &
S P E A K IN G
silent consonants, linking
a
E ach o f the w ords in the list has a silent
con son an t or con son an ts. W ith a partner,
cross out the silent letters.
b Read the text again. Match the highlighted phrases
with their meaning. Two o f the phrases match the
same meaning.
shoigld ta lk wrong listen half dishonest
knowledge design whole rhythm doubt
foreign calm island
A You don’t need to do this. It isn't necessary.
B Don’t do this. It isn’t allowed / permitted.
b
C It’s necessary or required to do this.
D It’s a good idea to do this.
c
c >• p.139 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more about must,
have to, and should, and practice them.
2 46))) L isten and check.
2 47))) L isten and rep eat the sentences.
T ry to copy the rhythm and to lin k the
m arked words.
1 You must t u r n j j f f your p h o n e ^ r c iti
p la n e .
2 You shouidj)nly call himjrLan^
emergency.
4 Respect quiet zones
3 we h a v e to le a v Q _ ? u p le v e n .
You must not use your phone in quiet zones on trains or in
hotels. That is the reason why they exist.
5
4
you
m u s t n o t j ) p e n j ) t h e r p e o p le ’s ^
e m a ils .
N ever shout
5 You s h o u ld n ’f j t a l k l o u d ly o r\^ c e ll
Your phone is not a megaphone. You don’t have to shout.
And don’t shout because you think reception is poor. It
won’t make any difference.
6 People with you deserve m ore attention
than those at the end o f a phon e
Wherever possible, turn off your phone in social situations
and at mealtimes, or put it on vibrate. I f you have to keep
your phone on because you are expecting an important call,
apologize in advance.
7 D on ’t continue on with p h on e conversations
when you are in the m iddle o f som ething else
This is especially true if you are in banks, stores, etc. It is
insulting not to give the people who are serving you your
full attention.
8 T hin k abou t w here you are calling fr o m
Don’t make (or receive) calls in inappropriate places. Put
your phone on vibrate in meetings, movies, etc. I f you
must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.
Adapted from D e b re tt's M o dern M anners
phone.
d
R ead the defin ition o f m anners. T h en
m ake sentences using sh ou ld / sh ou ld n ’t for
som eth in g th a t you th in k is a question o f
m anners, and w ith must / must n ot / have to
for som eth in g th at is a law or rule.
manners
p i noun a way ofbehaving that is
considered acceptable in your country or culture
■ turn o ff yo u r phone in a theater
■ talk lou dly on yo u r phone in public
■ send text messages w hen you are
drivin g
■ reply to a message on your phone
w h ile you are talkin g to som ebody
face-to-face
■ p la y noisy gam es on a phone in public
■ use your phone at a gas station
■ v id e o pe ople on yo u r phone w ith o u t
their permission
■ set yo u r phone to silent m ode on a train
■ send o r receive texts at the movies
■ turn o ff yo u r phone on a plane during
take-off and landing
Online Practice ■
4B
39
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4
c
R E A D IN G
a
Imagine that you have been invited to visit your
partner’s family. Think o f three things that you feel
would be bad manners to do.
b
Read the article. Did Heidi do any o f those things?
W hat did she do wrong (according to Mrs. Bourne)?
W hose side would you take?
Find words or phrases in the article that m ean...
1 _________ noun a man to whom you are going to
be married
2 _________ adj unpleasant
3 _________ verb saying what is bad or wrong with
somebody or something
4 _________ noun not having enough o f something
5 _________ noun a person who you invite to your house
6 _________ noun a person who receives a visitor
7 _________ verb sent an email or message you received
to another person
News online
should have
We use should have to talk about something that
happened in the past th a t you think was wrong, e.g., You
should have written me a thank-you letter. = you didn’t
write to me. I think this was wrong.
Two sides to every story
By NEWS ONLINE Reporter
Everyone knows it can be difficult to get along with your in-laws,
but for 29-year-old Heidi Withers, it may now be impossible.
Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiance Freddie's
family at their house. But soon after they returned home, Heidi
received a very nasty email from Carolyn Bourne, Freddie's
stepmother, criticizing her manners.
d
Now read some o f the comments that were posted on
the Internet. Write H next to the ones that support
Heidi and C next to the ones that support Carolyn.
1 Mrs. Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten
thank-you note... however, she sends this letter by email!
We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten
letters anymore. 07/13/2011 6:52 p.m.
2 Why do we hear nothing about Freddie’s role in all this?
Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his
stepmother is like. He could also have prepared his
family by telling them about any eating problems his
girlfriendhas. 07/13/2011 4:25 p.m.
3 The email was a private communication. I don't think
Heidi should have sent it on to her friends. It makes
me think that Mrs. Bourne might be right about her bad
manners. 07/13/2011 12:40 p.m.
Here are a few examples of your lack of manners:
• When you are a guest in another person’s house, you
should not declare what you will and will not eat - unless
you are allergic to something.
4 The stepmother seems to be extremely jealous of Heidi.
Maybe she wants to keep Freddie all to herself. If I were
Heidi, I would leave him. 07/12/2011 10:15 a.m.
5 The mother-in-law may have a few good points, but she
should have spoken to Heidi face-to-face, and not sent
her an email. 07/11/2011 6:50 p.m.
• You should not say that you do not have enough food.
• You should not start before everyone else.
• You should not take extra helpings without being invited to
by your host.
6 I think that the one with the extremely bad manners is
Mrs. Bourne. 07/11/2011 2:10 p.m.
• You should not lie in bed until late morning.
7 Mrs. Bourne, I agree with every word you say. Young
people just don't have any manners nowadays. I hope
Freddie comes to his senses and finds someone better.
07/11/2011 9:48 a.m.
• You should have sent a handwritten note after the visit.
You have never written to thank me when you have stayed.
Heidi was shocked, and immediately sent the email on to
some of her close friends. Surprised and amused, the friends
forwarded it to other people, and soon the email had been
posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing
comments about the mother-in-law.
Adapted from the Daily Mail website
40
4B
e
W rite your own comment. Then compare with a
partner. Do you agree?
f
> - C om m unication The big day p.105. Read about what
Heidi and Freddie did next.
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5
L IS T E N IN G
6 S P E A K IN G
In groups, talk about each thing in the G ood Manners? questionnaire.
Do you think it’s good manners, bad manners, or not important /
not necessary. Why?
2 48))) Listen to Caroline Halloran, who
a
is dating Jason Win, talking about the
differences between Burmese manners and
American manners. What was their problem
when they firs t met? How have they managed
to solve their differences about manners?
b
I think it's very rude to criticize the
food if you are in somebody’s house.
I think it depends. It’s OK if you know the person
very well or if it ’s a member o f your family...
Listen again and mark the sentences T (true)
or F (false).
1 Jason thought Caroline was rude when she
asked him to hang out with her.
2 In Burma it's OK to spend time alone with
someone at the beginning o f a romantic
relationship.
7
2 49))) S O N G You Can’t Hurry Love Jl
3 Burmese culture is not as open as American
culture is.
4 Jason wrote long responses to Caroline’s
Facebook romantic posts.
5 Caroline wants Jason to stop bragging about
their relationship to his friends and family.
6 Jason sometimes gets confused about good
and bad manners in the US.
7 Caroline and Jason don't argue about
manners anymore.
c
W hat would people from your country do in
these situations?
WHEN YOU ARE INVITED TO
SOMEBODY’S HOUSE...
] criticize the food (e.g., if it is too
cold, salty, etc.)
] take a present
j write an email to say thank you
] arrive more than ten minutes late
for lunch or dinner
WHEN GREETING PEOPLE...
I use more formal language
when speaking to an
older person
□ kiss a woman on the
cheek when you meet her
for the first time
] use your partner's
parents' first names
MEN AND WOMENA MAN’S ROLE...
1 pay for the meal on a
□
□
first date
wait for a woman to go
through the door first
accompany a
woman home
WHEN YOU ARE HAVING A
MEAL WITH FRIENDS IN A
RESTAURANT...
] leave your cell phone on silent on
the table in front of you
1 answer or send a text or message
1 make a phone call
ON SOCIAL NETWORKING
SITES...
] post a private message or
conversation on an Internet site
] post an embarrassing photo
or video clip of a friend without
asking his or her permission
] post all the details of your break­
up with a partner
Online Practice
4B
41
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3&4
Review and Check
b Complete the compound nouns.
GRAMMAR
1 Slow down! The speed______ on this road is 55 mph, not 65 mph.
(C ircle)a, b, or c.
2 I won’t start the car until you have all put on your seat______ .
3 It’s not a good town for bike riders - there are very few
bicycle______ .
1 I walk to work. It's______ than driving.
a healthyer b as healthy c healthier
2 Riding a bike isn't______ people think.
a as dangerous as
b as dangerous than
c so dangerous than
3 This is ______ time o f day for traffic jams.
a the most bad b the worse c the worst
4 My wife is a much safer driver than______ .
4 Try to avoid using the subway during______ hour - between 8:00
and 9:30 in the morning.
5 There’s a taxi______ right next to the train station.
c
1 We were late because we got s______ in a terrible traffic jam.
2 I'm moving into a new apartment next week. I've rented a v______
so that I can take all my things there.
3 The next train to New Haven is now waiting at pi______ 5.
a 1 b me c my
5 W hat______beautiful day!
a a b - c an
6 I never drink coffee after______ dinner.
a - b the c an
7 ______ are usually good language learners.
a The women b Women c Woman
4 We’re going to s______ o ff early because we want to get to the
hotel before it gets dark.
5 How long does it t______ to get from here to the airport?
d (Circle) the right adjective.
8 We’ve decided to visit Peru______ .
a the next summer b next summer
c the summer next
1 The game ended 0 - 0 . It was really bored / boring.
2 It was the most am azed / amazing experience I’ve ever had.
3 We’re very excited / exciting about our vacation!
4 I’m a little disappointed / disappointing with my exam results.
5 This show is too depressed / depressing. Turn it off.
9 We won’t ______ come to the party.
a can b be able c be able to
10 When he was five h e______ already swim.
a can b could c was able
11 My mother has never______ cook well.
a been able to b could c be able to
12 Entrance is free. You______ pay anything.
a don’t have to b must not c shouldn't
13 I’ll ______ work harder if I want to pass.
a must b should c have to
14 I don't think I ______ have a dessert. I’ve
already eaten too much!
a must b should c have to
15 You______ turn on your phone until the
plane has landed.
a don’t have to
b must not
c shouldn’t
VOCABULARY
a
Complete with a preposition.
1 We arrived______Vancouver at 5:30.
2 I apologized______ being late.
3 I’m not very interested______ horror movies.
4 My son is good______ speaking languages.
5 This song reminds m e______ my vacation.
42
Complete with the right word.
e
Complete the missing words.
1 I’m not in right now. Please 1______ a message.
2 The line’s b______ . Please hold.
3 I was in the middle o f talking to him, and he just h______ up!
4 1 love the scr______ on your phone. Is it a photo o f your kids?
5 I hate it when people have really loud r______ on their cell phones!
P R O N U N C IA T IO N
(Circle)the word with a different sound.
1
language
want
manners
traffic
2
the moon
the sun
the beginning
the end
3
watch
cheap
machine
each
4
should
crash
permission
gossip
5
change
message
argue
apologize
b Underline the stressed syllable.
1 free way
3 pe des tri an 5 em barr ass ing
2 dis a ppoint ed 4 vi brate
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C A N Y O U U N D E R S T A N D T H IS T E X T ?
a
Read the article once. W hat kind o f concert was it?
W hat happened?
VIDEO
CAN YO U UNDERSTAND THESE
PEOPLE?
2 50))) O n th e s tre e t Watch or listen to five people and
answer the questions.
Turn it off!
Adapted from The New York Times
Something historic happened at
the New York Philharmonic on
the evening of January 10,2012,
about an hour into Mahler's Ninth
Symphony. During the beautiful
fourth movement, an audience
member’s cell phone loudly rang.
And rang. And rang again. It was the kind of marimba riff we've
all heard on the street from a stranger’s phone.
From my seat in Row L, I could see the horrified discomfort of
the other audience members from their body language. We all
wondered whether the conductor Alan Gilbert would react, and
how. Suddenly there was silence. The orchestra had stopped
playing. Mr. Gilbert had halted the performance. He turned to
the man, who was seated in the front row, and said:
“Are you going to turn it off? Will you do that?”
There was some "discussion” between the conductor and the
cell phone owner, but we couldn’t hear it.
In the Avery Fisher Hall, many members of the audience stood
and demanded that the man leave the hall. They were so furious
that I could have imagined them dragging him from his seat on
to the stage, tying him to a stake, and setting him alight!
When the “power off" button on the man’s phone had finally
been located and put to use, Mr. Gilbert turned to the audience.
"Usually, when there’s a disturbance like this, it’s best to ignore
it,” he said. “But this time I could not allow it.”
The audience applauded as if Mahler himself, the orchestra’s
conductor from 1909 to 1911, had suddenly been resurrected
onstage. Mr. Gilbert neither smiled nor acknowledged the
cheers. Instead he turned to the orchestra, instructing the
players to resume, several bars back from the point at which
he had stopped the performance. Just before, he raised his
baton and turned again to the audience and said, this time
with a smile, “We’ll start again.” A few seconds later, the fourth
movement resumed.
Mr. Gilbert’s brave decision that night brought new music to
the Philharmonic.
b
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 In what part o f the symphony did the phone ring?
What kind o f ringtone was it?
2 Did the owner turn it off immediately?
3 How did the audience react a) to the phone ringing,
and b) to what the conductor did?
4 Did the audience really drag the man onto the stage?
5 Did Mr. Gilbert restart the music from the same place
where he had stopped?
6 Does the journalist think Mr. Gilbert made the
right decision?
c
Choose five new words or phrases from the text.
Check their meaning and pronunciation and try to
learn them.
Christopher Maria
Harry
Skylar
Cristina
1 Christopher likes using the subway because______ .
a he only needs to take one train
b he gets to work in less than half an hour
c it runs all day and night
2 Maria thinks that women are better than men at taking
care o f young children because______ .
a they have had a lot o f practice
b they know when children are hungry
c they know what to do when children are sick
3 Harry says that men in her family______ .
a don’t enjoy telling stories
b talk about the same things as women
c try to talk about things that interest them
4 Skylar______ .
a still paints, but just as a free-time activity
b paints very well
c now does other things in her free time
5 It annoys Cristina when people______ .
a check their phones for the time
b don’t interact with you while they're on the phone
c use their phones when they are having dinner
C A N Y O U S A Y T H IS IN E N G L IS H ?
Do the tasks with a partner. Check ( / ) the box if you
can do them.
C an y o u ...?
1 F?] compare different methods o f public transportation
in your town / country
2 Q agree or disagree with this statement, and say why:
All towns and cities should have a lot more bicycle lanes.
3 FZ1 talk about typical stereotypes about men and
women, and say if you think they are true
4 ^
describe something you would like to be able to do,
but have never been able to
5 Ld talk about things that are / aren't good manners in
your country if you are staying with someone as a
guest, and what you think is the right thing to do
v id e o
Short movies Citi bikes
Watch and enjoy the movie.
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5A
G past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect
V sports
P h r! and /or/
Why did
he lose the
match?
Because he
w asn't feeling
very w ell in
th e last set.
Sports superstitions
1 V O C A B U L A R Y sports
3 S P E A K IN G
a Take the quiz in small groups.
In pairs, interview your partner about sports using the
questionnaire. Ask for more information.
SPORTS QUIZ
W hat sp o rt do you associate with...?
Do you
like sports?
NO
YES
What sports!
do /did you
have to play at
school?
Do / Did
you enjoy
it?
Do you do
any kind of
exercise?
1 Do you think
b > - p .l 5 7 Vocabulary Bank Sports.
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N hr/ and /or/
Do your
family and
friends like
sports?
Is there
any sport
you don’t mind
watching on
TV?
a W rite the words in the correct column. Be careful
with o r (there are two possible pronunciations).
court four girl hurt score serve shirt
shorts sport warmup world worse workout
you’re in shape?
Would you like
to get in better
shape?
c
d
3 6))) Listen and check.
>• p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spellings
o f these sounds.
3 7))) Listen and write six sentences.
How
often do
you play
sports?
Have you
ever won
a cup or a
trophy?
Have you
ever been
[injured playing
sports?
Do you
prefer
playing sports
or watching
sports?
How many hours
do you spend a
week watching
sports on TV?
What
sport(s) do you
hate watching
on TV?
Do you
go to watch
a local sports
team?
Have you
ever found a
sports event
exciting?
b
What
sport(s)
do you
play?
Do you think
that there are
good sports
facilities in your
town?
What’s the
most exciting
sports event
you have been
to?
Do you think
physical education
should be optional
or required at
school?
Do you think
there is too much
(or not enough)
sports on TV?
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4
R E A D IN G
a
Do you know o f any sports players who are
superstitious? W hat do they do?
b
Read an article about sports superstitions and
complete it with A-F.
e
Look at the photos o f four more famous sports people
who are superstitious. Do you know what any o f their
superstitions are or were?
f
> - Communication O ther s p o rts su p erstition s
A p.104 B p.108. Read and tell each other about the
people in the photos.
g
Do y o u have any superstitions, e.g., when you are
playing or watching sports, or before an exam?
A It is not only the players who are superstitious
B A good example is Serena Williams
C Superstitions and rituals are very common among fans
D After my wife had left the room, Murray lost the
fourth set
E The superstitions and rituals are not confined
to the court
F Tennis players-are-strartge-people
c
Read the article again. W ho does the article say
are superstitious: sports players, sports fans, TV
spectators, or all o f them?
d Underline five words or phrases you want to remember
from the article.
If I bounce the ball five times...
MATTHEW SYED writes about
sports superstitions
1
Tennis players are strange people. Have
you noticed how they always ask for
three balls instead of two; how they
bounce the ball the same number of
times before serving, as if any change
from their routine might result in
disaster?
________________ . Goran Ivanisevic,
Wimbledon champion in 2001, was
convinced that if he won a match, he
had to repeat everything he did the
previous day, such as eating the same
food at the same restaurant, talking
to the same people, and watching the
same TV shows. One year this meant
that he had to watch Teletubbies
every morning during his Wimbledon
campaign. “Sometimes it got very
boring/’ he said.
________________ . As we were
watching tennis player Andy Murray
play the fourth set at Wimbledon, my
wife suddenly got up and went to the
kitchen. “He keeps losing games when
I’m in the room/' she said. “If I go out
now, he’ll win.”
________________ , the number
1 female tennis player. When she
was once asked why she had played
so badly at the French Open she
answered, “I didn't tie my shoe laces
right, and I didn't bounce the ball five
times, and I didn’t bring my shower
sandals to the court with me. I didn't
have my extra dress. I just knew it was
fate; it wasn’t going to happen.”
________________ . Last year, a
survey of British soccer supporters
found that 21 percent had a lucky
charm (anything from a scarf
to a lucky coin), while another
questionnaire revealed that
70 percent of Spanish soccer fans
performed pre-match rituals (like
wearing “ lucky” clothes, eating the
same food or drink, or watching
games with the same people).
________________ . She returned,
and he won the fifth. I laughed at
her, and then remembered my soccer
team, Spurs, who were losing 1-0 in
the Carling Cup. "If I leave the room
now, Spurs will score/’ I told my kids,
after 27 minutes of overtime. I left the
room and they scored. Twice.
Glossary
Teletubbies a television series for
very young children
Spurs Tottenham Hotspur, a London
soccer team
F-
E
£0)
§-
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5
L IS T E N IN G
a In your country, are referees a) well-paid b) respected c) unpopular?
W hy do you think somebody would want to become a referee?
b
6 G R A M M A R past tenses: simple,
continuous, perfect
a
3 8))) You’re going to hear an interview with an ex-Champions
League soccer referee from Spain. Listen to P a rt 1 and choose a,
b, or c.
In your country, is cheating considered a
serious problem in sports? In what sports
do you think cheating is most common?
W hat kinds o f things do people do when
they cheat?
b Read Taking a Short Cut about a marathon
runner who cheated. How did she cheat?
1 Why did he become a referee?
a His father was a referee.
b He liked sports, but wasn't good at them,
c He was always attracted by the idea.
2 What was the most exciting game he ever refereed?
a His first professional game.
b He can't choose just one.
c Real Madrid against Barcelona.
3 The worst experience he ever had as a referee was when_______
attacked him.
a a player b a woman c a child
4 Why does he think there is more cheating in soccer today?
a Because soccer is big business.
b Because the referees are worse,
c Because soccer players are better at cheating.
5 How does he say soccer players often cheat?
a They fall over when no one has touched them,
b They accept money to lose games,
c They touch the ball with their hands.
c
3 9))) Now listen to P a r t 2 . Complete the sentences with one to
three words.
1 The most difficult thing for him about being a referee is making
during a game.
2 One o f the reasons why it’s difficult is because soccer today is
so _________________ .
3 Making correct decisions often depends on the referee’s
interpretation o f_________________ .
4 He thinks that players who cheat are still_________________ .
5 A study that was done on Leo Messi shows that he can run
exceptionally fast_________________ .
6 He thinks Messi isn't the_________________ soccer player.
d Do you agree with the referee that there is more cheating in
soccer than before? Is it true in other sports as well? Would you
like to be a sports referee (or umpire)? W hy (not)?
46
5A
c
Look at the highlighted verbs in the text.
W hich o f them are used fo r...?
1 a completed action in the past
2 an action that happened before the past time
we are talking about
3 an action in progress (or not) at a particular
moment in the past
d > - p.140 Grammar Bank 5A. Learn more
about past tenses and practice them.
e Read T he H and o f G od? and complete it
with the verbs in the right tenses.
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Famous (cheating)
moments in sports
7 S P E A K IN G
a
Although it isn’t true that everybody
in sports cheats, it is certainly true that
there are cheaters in every sport...
TELL YOUR PARTNER ABOUT...
• a time you cheated (in a sport/game
or on an exam)
When and where did this happen? What were
you doing? Why did you cheat? What happened in
the end?
Taking a short cut
O
You are going to tell your partner two
anecdotes. Choose two o f the topics below
and plan what you are going to say. Ask your
teacher for any words you need.
• a really exciting sports event you saw
Where and when was it? Who was
playing?
What happened? Why was it so
exciting?
n A p r i l 2 1 , 1 9 8 0 , 2 3 - y e a r - o ld R o s ie
R u iz w a s t h e f ir s t w o m a n t o c r o s s t h e
f in is h lin e a t t h e B o s t o n M a r a t h o n .
S h e f in is h e d t h e r a c e in t h e t h ir d - f a s t e s t t im e
f o r a f e m a le r u n n e r ( tw o h o u r s , 3 1 m in u t e s ,
• a time you had an accident or
got a sports injury
When and where did this happen?
What were you doing? How did the accident
happen? What part o f your body did you hurt?
What happened next? How long did it take you
to recover?
5 6 s e c o n d s ) . B u t w h e n t h e o r g a n iz e r s
c o n g r a t u la t e d R o s ie a f t e r t h e r a c e , t h e y w e r e
s u r p r is e d b e c a u s e s h e w a s n ’t s w e a t in g v e r y
m u c h . S o m e s p e c t a t o r s w h o w e r e w a t c h in g
t h e r a c e t o ld t h e m w h a t h a d r e a lly h a p p e n e d .
D u r in g t h e la s t h a lf m ile , R o s ie s u d d e n ly
j u m p e d o u t o f t h e c r o w d a n d s p r in t e d to
• a time you saw or met a celebrity
When was this? Where were you? Who were
you with? What was the celebrity doing?
What was he / she wearing? Did you speak to
him / her? What happened in the end?
t h e f in is h lin e . T h e m a r a t h o n o r g a n iz e r s
t o o k R u iz 's t i t l e a w a y a n d a w a r d e d i t t o th e
r e a l w in n e r , J a c q u e lin e G a r e a u . I t w a s la t e r
d is c o v e r e d t h a t t h r e e m o n t h s e a r lie r , R o s ie h a d
a ls o c h e a t e d in t h e N e w Y o r k C it y M a r a t h o n
• a time you got lost
Where were you going? How were
you traveling? Why did you get lost?
What happened in the end?
w h e re s h e h a d ta k e n th e su b w a y !
The hand of God?
t w a s J u n e 2 2 , 1 9 8 6 . A r g e n t in a
I
t w o s p l a y i n g ( p la y ) E n g la n d in t h e q u a r t e r ­
b Work with a partner. Tell each other your
two stories. Give as much detail as you can.
P
f in a ls o f t h e W o r ld C u p , a n d b o t h t e a m s
2_________ ( p la y ) w e ll. T h e s c o r e 3__________ (b e )
Starting an anecdote
I'm going to tell you about a time when...
This happened a few years ago...
When I was younger...
0 - 0 . In t h e 5 1 s t m in u t e , t h e A r g e n t in ia n
c a p t a in , D ie g o M a r a d o n a , 4_________ ( s c o r e ) a
g o a l. T h e E n g lis h p la y e r s 5_________ ( p r o t e s t ) ,
8 W R IT IN G
b u t t h e r e fe r e e 6__________( g iv e ) t h e g o a l.
> - p.116 Writing T e llin g
that happened to you.
H o w e v e r, T V c a m e r a s s h o w e d t h a t M a r a d o n a
7_________ ( s c o re ) t h e g o a l w it h h is h a n d !
a s to ry .
W rite a story about something
M a r a d o n a e__________ (s a y ) t h e n e x t d a y “ I t w a s
p a r t ly t h e h a n d o f M a r a d o n a , a n d p a r t ly t h e
h a n d o f G o d .”
9
3 14)))
S O N G We Are the Champions
L a t e r in t h e g a m e , M a r a d o n a 9_________ (s c o re )
a n o t h e r g o a l, a n d A r g e n t in a 10__________ (w in )
t h e g a m e 2 - 1 . T h e y w e n t o n t o w in t h e
W o r ld C u p .
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5A
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G usually and used to
V relationships
P linking, th e le tte r s
How do
you usually get
I used to
to work?
take the bus,
but now I ride
my bike.
Love at Exit 19
1
R E A D IN G
a
How do you think people usually meet friends and
partners nowadays? Number the phrases 1-5
(1 = the most popular). Then compare with a partner.
Do you agree?
A D at work
at school or college
c D on the Internet (e.g., on forums, on social
networking sites, etc.)
bn
D
E ŋ
d
b
in a cafe, dub, etc.
through friends
3 15))) Read and listen to an article about Sonya Baker
and Michael Fazio. Why did their relationship almost
never happen?
Love at Exit 19
S
onya Baker was a frequent commuter from her home in the
suburbs to New York City. One day, when she was driving to
an audition,she came offtheThruway and stopped atthe
tollbooth where Michael Fazio was working. She talked with him as
she paid to go through, and thought he was cute. For the next three
months, they used to exchange a few words
as she handed him the money, and he raised
the barrier to let her pass. “It was mostly
‘What are you doing today? Where are
you going?”' she said. They learned more
about each other, for example that Sonya
loved Puccini and Verdi, while Michael’s
love was the New York Yankees. But their
conversations suddenly came to an end when
Michael changed his working hours. “He used
to work during the day/’ said Sonya, “but he
changed to night shifts/'Although Michael still
looked out for Sonya’s white Toyota Corolla, he
did not see her again for six months.
When Michael's working hours changed back
to the day shift, he decided to put a traffic
48
cone in front of his lane. He thought, “It will be like putting a candle
in a window.” Sonya saw it, and their romance started up again. “I
almost crashed my car on various occasions,” she said, “trying to
cross several lanes to get to his exit/’ Finally, she found the courage
to give Michael a piece of paper with her phone number as she
passed through the toll. Michael called her and for their first date
they went to see the movie Cool Runnings, and then later they
went to an opera, La Boheme, and to a Yankees game.
They are now married and living in Kentucky, where Sonya is a
voice and music professor at Murray State
College and Michael runs an activity center
at a nursing home. It turned out that she had
given him her number just in time. A short
while later, she moved to New Jersey and
stopped usingthe New York State Thruway. “I
might never have seen him again,” she said.
Glossary
a tollbooth a small building by the side o f a road
where you pay money to use the road
Carnegie Hall a famous concert hall in New York
City
New York State Thruway a road
New York Yankees a baseball team based in the
Bronx in New York City
a traffic cone a plastic object, often orange and
white, used to show where vehicles can or can’t go
Adapted from The Times
He was a tollbooth collector, and she was a soprano who sang
in Carnegie Hall. Their eyes met at Exit 19 of the New York State
Thruway, when he charged her 3?ct. The romance that followed
was even less likely than the plot of an opera!
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c
Read the article again and number the events in the order
they happened.
a
D
B □
Michael changed his working hours.
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N &
S P E A K IN G linking
^ 3 used to
Michael tried to find Sonya.
C LH They got married.
D □ Sonya moved to New Jersey.
E Ld Sonya gave Michael her phone number.
Remember th a t used to and use to are usually
linked and pronounced /'yusta/.
a
F □ Michael changed his working hours again.
G CD Sonya talked with Michael.
ı ı usedjo livejn Los Angeles.
2 she didn’t ussjo wear glasses.
3 Where did you usqjo work before?
4 They usecjjo see eachj)theua lot.
5 Didn’t you usqjo haveja beard?
H Ld They stopped seeing each other.
I □ They had their first date.
J I 1 Sonya and Michael moved to Kentucky.
d Read the article again and look at the highlighted words and
phrases. Try to figure out what they mean. Then match them with
1-10 below.
1 __________ a period o f time worked by a group o f workers
2 __________ a person who travels into a city to work every day
3 __________ attractive, good-looking
4 __________ what had happened was
5 __________ manages
8 __________ have short conversations
9 __________ they looked at each other romantically
10 __________ was brave enough
a Think o f a couple you know well, e.g., your parents or friends.
How did they meet? Do you know any couples who met under
unusual circumstances?
3/16))) Listen to four people talking about where they met their
partner. Match each one with a place from la .
c
Speaker 3 L j
In pairs, tell each other about three o f the
following. Give as much information as you
can. How do you feel about these people and
things now?
• a kind of food or
drink you didn't
use to like at all, but
that you now like?
• a TV series you used to
be addicted to?
Why did you like it?
• a singer or a kind o f music you used
to listen to a lot (but don’t anymore)?
2 G R A M M A R usually and used to
Speaker 1 LH Speaker 2 LH
b
Is there...
6 __________ probable
7 __________ something that is used to give light, made o f wax
b
318))) Listen and repeat the sentences.
Copy the linking and the sentence rhythm.
Speaker 4 LD
Listen to each story again and take notes on how the people
met. Compare your notes with your partner and listen again if
necessary. W hich meeting do you think was the most romantic?
• a sport or game you used to play a lot, but
th a t you’ve given up?
• a place you used to go
during summer vacation,
and th a t you’d like to go
back to?
• a machine or
gadget you used
to use a lot,
but th a t is
now out of
date?
d Look at two extracts from the listening. Answer the questions
with a partner.
We used to go to clubs together on Saturday night.
It used to be difficult to meet people.
I used to hate most vegetables, especially
spinach and cauliflower, but now I love them
and usually eat a lot o f vegetables every day...
1 When do we use used to? How do you make negatives and
questions?
2 How would you change these sentences (using usually) if you
wanted to talk about present habits or situations?
e
>• p.141 Grammar Bank 5B. Learn more about usually and used
to, and practice them.
Online Practice
5B
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4 V O C A B U L A R Y relationships
a Explain the difference between these pairs o f phrases.
1 to meet somebody and to know somebody
5 P R O N U N C IA T IO N
the letter s
a
2 a colleague and a friend
3 to argue with somebody and to discuss something
with somebody
busy close (adj) close (verb) conversation decision
discuss eyes friends lose music pleasure
promise raise school somebody sport sugar
summer sure unusual used to usually various
b > • p.158 Vocabulary Bank Relationships.
c
3 21))) Listen to the words in the list.
How is the s (or se) pronounced? W rite them
in the correct columns.
Think o f one o f your close friends. In pairs, ask and
answer the questions.
How long have you known him / her?
Where did you meet?
Why do you ge t along well?
What do you have in common?
Do you ever argue? What about?
How often do you see each other?
How do you keep in touch?
Have you ever lost touch? Why? When?
Do you think you’ll stay friends?
b
3 22))) Listen and check.
c Answer with a partner.
1 How is s usually pronounced at the beginning o f a
word? What are the two exceptions?
2 What two ways can s (or es) be pronounced at the end
o f a word?
3 How is s pronounced in -sion?
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6 L IS T E N IN G
a Talk to a partner. Do you think the following are T (true) or
F (false)?
1 22-year-olds have an average o f 1,000 friends.
2 Men have more online friends than women.
3 People who spend a lot o f time on Facebook become more
dissatisfied with their own lives.
7 S P E A K IN G
Read sentences A - F below. Check ( / ) the
ones you agree with and put an / next to the
ones you don’t agree with. Think about your
reasons.
3 23))) Listen to the introduction to a radio program.
According to research, are 1-3 in a true or false?
c
3 24))) Listen to four people who call the program, Young,
Beth, Emma, and Ned. W ho is the most positive about Facebook?
W ho is the most negative?
A □
You can only have tw o or th re e
close friends.
B L d Nowadays people are in to u ch
w ith more people b u t have few er
close friends.
d Listen again. Answer with Young, Beth, Em m a, or Ned.
Which caller...?
C □
1 L J does not want to share personal information with strangers
Men keep th e ir friends longer
than women.
2 LH has fewer Facebook friends than he / she used to have
3 L J has over a thousand friends
D P ] You should never criticize your
friend's partner.
4 Q J uses it to keep in touch with friends who don’t live close by
5 L J thinks people use Facebook to give themselves more
importance
6 [__j used to use Facebook more than he / she does now'
7 Q uses Facebook instead o f calling
E r U You should never lend money to a
friend (or borrow money).
8 [__I does not use social networking sites
e Do you use Facebook or any other social networking sites? Do
you agree with anything the speakers said?
f
b
D
It's impossible to sta y good friends
w ith an ex-partner.
In groups, compare opinions. Try to give
real examples from your own experience or
o f people you know. Use the phrases below
to help you.
P
Giving examples
For example, I have a friend who I’ve known
since I was five years old...
For instance, I once lent some money to a
cousin...
Online Practice
5B
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Practical English Old friends
■ < J E N N Y H A S C O F F E E W IT H A
F R IE N D
a
3 25))) Watch or listen to Jenny and Monica. W hat’s
Monica’s news?
2 ■ < P E R M IS S IO N A N D R E Q U E S T S
a
3 26))) Watch or listen. W hat two favors does Rob
ask Jenny?
b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or
F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Rob orders a cappuccino.
2 Rob says Monica looks different from her photos.
3 Monica gets a good impression o f Rob.
4 Monica leaves because she has to go to work.
5 Jenny says that most o f their friends are in serious
relationships.
6 Paul is going to stay for two weeks.
7 Paul used to be very quiet when they were younger.
8 jenny is excited to meet Paul.
b W atch or listen again and answer the questions.
1 Who's Scott?
2 When did they get engaged?
3 Who has Monica told the news to?
4 What did she use to do a lot at night? What does she
do now?
5 Who’s going to organize the wedding?
6 What does jenny tell Monica about her relationship
with Rob?
7 What does Monica think about Rob being British?
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c
3 27))) Look at some extracts from the
conversation. Can you remember any o f the
missing words? Watch or listen and check.
3
VIDEO
P A U L A R R IV E S
Asking permission
1
Rob
Do you________ if I join you?
Monica O f________ not. Come on, sit
down.
2
Rob
Jenny
Is i t ________ if we change our
plans a bit this week?
Uh...sure.
Requests: asking someone to do something
1
Rob
Jenny
________ you pass the sugar?
________ .
2
Rob
Could you do me a big________ ?
I have to work late this evening,
so... would you mind________ him
at the airport?
________ at all. I'd like to meet him.
Jenny
3
Rob
Jenny
And do you think you________
take him to my flat? I'll give you
the keys.
N o________ , Rob.
a
3 29))) Watch or listen. How do Rob and Jenny feel about
Paul’s arrival?
b Watch or listen again and (circle) the right answer.
d Look at the highlighted phrases and answer
the questions.
1 How do you respond to Do you mind if...?
and Would you mind...? when you mean OK,
no problem?
2 Which two forms o f request should you rise
if you want to be very polite or are asking a
very big favor?
e
f
3 28)}) Watch or listen and repeat the
highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm
and intonation.
1 Paul’s appearance has changed a lot / hasn’t changed much.
2 His flight was on time / late.
3 On the trip from the airport Paul talked a lot about him self / asked
Jenny a lot o f personal questions.
4 Rob suggests eating in / eating out.
5 Paul feels exhausted /fu ll o f energy.
6 Jenny feels like / doesn’tfe e l like going out.
c
Look at the S o cial En glish ph rases. Can you remember any o f
the missing words?
Social English phrases
Paul
Paul
Rob
Paul
Jenny
Rob
Paul
Practice the dialogues in c with a partner.
g mm > - Communication Could you d o m e a
favor? p.105.
d
e
Hey
!
It’s
to see you. mate.
How
you're so late?
No
, man!
Rob, 1think I’ll go home if you don’t
Just like the old
!
Rob. we’ve got a lot to talk
!
3 30))) Watch or listen and complete the phrases.
Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say
them in your language?
Can you...?
use different expressions to ask permission to
do something and respond
use different expressions to ask another person
to do something and respond
greet someone you haven't seen for a long time
Online Practice
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Communication
P E I H O W A W F U L i H O W F A N T A S T IC ! Student A
a
Read your sentences 1 -9 to B . B must react with a phrase, e.g.,
You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.
1 I collect funny salt-and-pepper shakers.
2 I spilled some coffee on my laptop last night, and now it
doesn't work.
3 I'm going to New York City next weekend.
2B ARE YO U HUNG RY?
Student A
a Ask B your questions. He /She responds
with the phrase in parentheses.
1 Is the water cold? (Yes, it’s freezing.)
2 Was the movie good? (Yes, it was fantastic.)
3 Were you tired after the exam? (Yes, I was
exhausted.)
4 Someone stole my bike yesterday.
5 My dog can open the kitchen door by itself.
4 Was the room dirty? (Yes, it was filthy.)
6 My father's going to be interviewed on TV tomorrow.
7 My grandmother just bought a sports car.
8 My parents met when they were only 15.
5 Is it a big house? (Yes, it's enormous.)
6 Were you surprised? (Yes, I was amazed.)
7 Are you sure? (Yes, I’m positive.)
9 I just won $ 2 ,0 0 0 in the lottery!
b
Listen to B ’s sentences and react with a phrase.
b
c Tell B some real (or invented) news about you for B to react.
React to B ’s news.
Respond to B ’s questions. Say Yes, it’s ... /
I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective
that B used in the question. Remember to
stress the strong adjective.
Are you afraid o f flying?
Yes, I’m terrified.
5 A O T H E R S P O R T S S U P E R S T IT IO N S Student A
c
a Read about Sydney Crosby and Kolo Toure.
Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as
quickly as possible.
SIDNEY CROSB' never calls his mother
on a game day, even if it’s her birthday. He
believes that he gets injured on the days he
calls his mother before a game.
3 A I’M A T O U R IS T - C A N Y O U
H E L P M E ? Student A
a
When COLO TOUR1 played for Arsenal,
he always insisted on being the last player to
leave the dressing room after the half-time
break. This was never usually a problem.
However, in one game when William Gallas,
his teammate, was injured and needed
treatment at half-time during a match,
Toure stayed in the dressing room until
Gallas had been treated. This meant that
Arsenal had to start the second half with
only nine players.
b
Now cover the text and tell B about their superstitions from
memory.
c
Listen to B telling you about Jason Terry and Alexander W urz’s
superstitions.
1 What kind of public transportation is there?
2 What’s the best way for me to get around
the city?
3 Can I rent a bike? Are there any bicycle lanes?
4 Is it easy to find taxis? How expensive
are they?
5 What’s the best way to get to the airport
from the center of town? How long does
it take?
b
d Together decide which superstition you think is a) the strangest
b) the most impractical.
104
Think o f the town / city where you are,
or the nearest big town. You are a foreign
tourist, and you are planning to get
around using public transportation. Ask B
questions 1 -5 . G et as much information
from B as you can.
Switch roles. B is a foreign tourist in the
town who has rented a car. You live in the
town. Answer B ’s questions and give as
much information as you can.
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4 A G U E S S T H E S E N T E N C E Student A
a
Look at sentences 1 -6 and think o f the correct form o f
b e able to + a verb. D on ’t w rite an y th in g yet!
1 I’m sorry I won’t _____________________ to your
4 B T H E B IG D A Y Students A+B
Read a newspaper article about what happened at Heidi
and Freddie’s wedding. Do you think they behaved well or
badly? Why?
party next weekend.
2 It was August, but w e_____________________ a hotel
without any problems.
3 I used t o ___________ a little Japanese, but I can't now.
4 I love__________________ in bed late on the weekend.
5 W ill you________________the work before Saturday?
6 I’ve never_______________________________fish well.
b
Read your sentence 1 to B . If it isn't right, try again
until B tells you, “T h at’s right.” Then write it.
Continue with 2 - 6 .
c
Now listen to B say sentence 7. I f it's the same as your
sentence 7 below, say “T h at’s right.” I f not, say “Try
again” until B gets it right. Continue with 8 -1 2 .
News online
Two sides to every story
What happened next...
By NEWS ONLINE Reporter
esterday Heidi Withers married Freddie Bourne
in a $40,000 ceremony at St. Mary the Virgin
Church. It was followed by a reception at a
900-year-old castle. However, there was no sign of
Carolyn, Freddie's stepmother, the woman who was
ridiculed for the email she sent Heidi. She and her
husband Edward, Freddie’s father, were not invited.
Y
7 It must be great to be able to speak a lot of languages.
8 I won't be able to see you tonight. I'm too busy.
9 My grandmother can’t walk very well, but luckily we
were able to park just outside the restaurant.
10 They haven’t been able to find an apartment yet.
They're still looking.
11 You should be able to do this exercise. It’s very easy.
12 We really enjoy being able to eat outside in the summer.
P E 3 C O U LD Y O U DO M E A FAVOR?
Students A+B
a Look at the verb phrases below. Choose two things you
would like somebody to do for you. Think about any
details, e.g., what kind o f dog it is, how much money
you need, etc.
• take care o f (your children, your dog for the weekend,
your apartment while you're away, etc.)
• lend you (some money, their car, etc.)
• give you a ride (home, to the mall, etc.)
• help you (with a problem, with your homework, to
paint your apartment, to choose some new clothes, etc.)
b
Ask as many other students as possible. Be polite
(C ou ldyou do m e a big favor? W ould y o u m ind. ..? Do
y o u thinkyou cou ld ...?) and explain why you want the
favor. How many people agree to help you?
Heidi arrived almost 25 minutes late for the ceremony,
which was due to begin at 2:45 p.m. Perhaps, as
Carolyn suggested was her habit, she had been in bed
until the last possible minute. She arrived at the church
with security guards holding umbrellas to prevent
onlookers from seeing her, and with her head covered.
This is a well-known tactic for celebrities, but for a
29-year-old secretary it seemed, in the words of one
onlooker, “a bit ridiculous.”
Edward and Carolyn admitted to being disappointed at
not receiving an invitation. They spent the weekend on
vacation with friends. They have had no contact with
the couple since the saga began, and did not even
know the date of the wedding.
Communication
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Communication
5 A O T H E R S P O R T S S U P E R S T IT IO N S
Student B
a
Read about Jason Terry and Alexander Wurz.
IB
P E R S O N A L IT Y Students A+B
Read the explanation and compare with a partner. Do you
agree with your results?
The activity you have just done is a personality test. The first
adjective you wrote down is how you see yourself, the second
is how other people see you, and the third is what you are
really like.
2 A S P E N D E R O R S A V E R ? Students A+B
Check your results. Then compare with a partner. Do you
agree with your results?
JASON TERRY, an American basketball player,
M ostly a answers
wears the colors of his team's opponents the night
before a game. If the team he’s playing the next day
wears black and white, then Terry wears black and
white to bed the night before. He’s been doing this
since his playing days in college.
You can't be trusted with your own money! You definitely need
someone to help you to manage your finances better. Why not
speak to an organized friend about how to plan? This will help
you to make your money go further and stop you from getting
into debt.
ALEXANDER WURZ. an Austrian racing driver,
M o stly b answers
used to race with odd-colored shoes, the left one red
and the right one blue. It came about when he lost
a shoe before a big race and had to borrow one of a
different color. After winning the race, he decided it
was a lucky omen.
Although you understand how to manage your money,
sometimes you need to be a little more organized. Try setting
yourself a weekly or monthly budget, and then stick to it. You
will then know how much money you have, what you spend it
on, and how much you can save.
M ostly c answers
Congratulations! It sounds like you really know what you are
doing when it comes to managing your money. You know
how important it is to keep track of your spending and are
responsible with your money.
b
Now listen to A telling you about Sydney Crosby
and Kolo Toure’s superstitions.
c
Cover the text and tell B about Jason Terry and
Alexander W urz’s superstitions from memory.
d Together decide which superstition you think is
a) the strangest b) the most impractical.
108
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P E I HO W AW FUL! H O W
F A N T A S T IC ! Student B
a
Listen to A’s sentences and react with a
phrase, e.g., You’re kidding, Oh, no!, etc.
3 A I’M A T O U R IS T - C A N Y O U H ELP M E ?
Student B
a
b Read your sentences 1 -9 for A to react.
1 I failed my driving test yesterday.
2 I lost my wallet on the way to class.
Think o f the town / city where you are, or the nearest big town.
A is a foreign tourist who is planning to get around using public
transportation. You live in the town. Answer A’s questions and
give as much information as you can.
Switch roles. You are a foreign tourist in the town. You have
rented a car. Ask A questions 1 -5 . G et as much inform ation from
A as you can.
3 I met George Clooney at a party last week.
4 I think I saw a ghost last night.
5 I won a salsa competition last weekend.
6 I'm going to be on a new edition of
Big Brother.
2 Where are there usually traffic jams?
7 My dog died yesterday.
8 My grandfather has a black belt in karate.
9 My uncle is 104.
4 What will happen if I park somewhere illegal?
1 What time is rush hour in this town?
3 What’s the speed limit in the town? Are there speed cameras
anywhere?
5 Where’s the nearest tourist attraction outside the city? How long
does it take to drive there from here?
c Tell A some real (or invented) news about
you for A to react. R eact to A’s news.
4 A G UESS THE SENTENCE
2 B A R E Y O U H U N G R Y ? Student B
a
Respond to A's questions. Say Yes, it’s ... /
I ’m ..., etc. + the strong form o f the adjective
that A used in the question. Remember to
stress the strong adjective.
Student B
a
7 It must be great to _________________ a lot o f languages.
8 I won't_________________ you tonight. I'm too busy.
Is the water cole1?^) (^Yes, it’s freezing.
9 My grandmother can't walk very well, but luckily we
just outside the restaurant.
b Ask A your questions. He / She responds
with the phrase in parentheses.
10 They haven't_________________ an apartment yet. They’r
looking.
1 Are you afraid of flying? (Yes, I’m terrified.)
11 You should_________________ this exercise. It’s very easy
2 Is the soup hot? (Yes, it’s boiling.)
3 Was the teacher angry? (Yes, he / she was
furious.)
4 Is the bedroom small? (Yes, it’s tiny.)
5 Are the children hungry? (Yes, they’re
starving.)
12 We really enjoy_________________ outside in the summei
b Now listen to A say sentence 1. I f it’s the same as your sentence
1 below, say “T h at’s right.” I f not, say “Try again” until A gets it
right. Continue with 2 -6 .
1 I’m sorry I won’t be able to com e to your party next weekend.
2 It was August, but we were able to find a hotel without any
problems.
6 Is the chocolate cake good? (Yes, it’s
delicious.)
7 Was she happy with the present? (Yes, she
was excited.)
c
Look at sentences 7 -1 2 and think o f the correct form o f
be able to + a base form verb. D o n ’t w rite an yth in g yet!
3 I used to be able to understand a little Japanese, but I can’t now.
4 1love being able to stay in bed late on the weekend.
5 Will you be able to finish the work before Saturday?
6 I’ve never been able to cook fish well.
Repeat the exercise. Try to respond as
quickly as possible.
c
Read your sentence 7 to A. If it isn't right, try again until A tells
you, “T h at’s right.” Then write it. Continue with 8 -1 2 .
Communication
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Writing
1 A D E S C R IP T IO N O F A P E R S O N
a
Read the two Facebook messages once and answer the questions.
1 Why has Angela written to Sofia?
2 Does Sofia recommend her friend to Angela?
b The computer has found fiyejjjjeJfilig,
J33j^taisA§. it1 Sofia’s email. Can you
correct them?
c
1 What five EE adjectives describe Marisol’s
personality?
2 What does she like doing in her free time?
& Messages
Angela Vernon
3 What negative things does Sofia say about
Marisol?
Hi Sofia,
4 Does Sofia think Marisol will get along
with Angela’s family?
I hope you're well.
I'm looking for an au pair to look after Austin and Melissa,
and I remembered your Peruvian friend Marisol, who I met
last summer. She said she might be interested in working
in the US as an au pair, so I thought I would write and ask
her. The thing is, I don't really know her, so before I write
and suggest it, could you tell me a little about her (age,
personality, etc., and what she likes doing) so that I can see
if she would fit in with the family? Please be honest!
Read both emails again. Then cover them
and answer the questions from memory.
d Look at the highlighted expressions we use
to modify adjectives. Put them in the correct
place in the chart.
Marisol is
Angela
Sofia Lugo
Hi Angela,
P
Marisol is one of my best friends, so of course I know her very
well. She's 22, and she just graduated from college with a
degree in economics, but she doesn't have a job yet, and I'm
sure she would be jQt£jr££t£d in going to the US. Her parents
are both doctors, and she has two younger brothers. She gets
along very well with them, and they are a very close family.
Marisol's an intelligent girl and very hardworking. She can
be really shy at first, but when she gets to know you she's
incredibly friendly. She loves children - she often takes care
of her brothers - so she has a lot of experience, and she's
also very l^spf)rj$ahje.
e
In her free time she likes going to the movies, listening to
music, and she's also very good a tfo io g j^g hy-sh e always
has her camera with her. She's really jcicl^p^ru^Qt and happy
to do things on her own, so you won't have to worry about
taking her to places.
The only problem with Marisol is that she's a little fQrggtfulL
she sometimes loses things, like her keys, or her phone.
Also, to be honest her English isn't great, but I'm sure she'll
improve very quickly. I think Austin and Melissa will love her.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you need anything else.
Love,
Sofia
f
very.
forgetful.
Useful language: describing a person
He’s really/ very, etc. + positive adjective
(e.g., friendly, outgoing, etc.)
She's a little + negative adjective (e.g., messy,
shy, etc.)
He likes/ loves/ doesn't mind + verb + -ing
She's happy to + base form
He’s good j with children
a t making new friends
Imagine you received Angela’s message asking
about a friend o f yours. W rite an email to
answer it. Plan what you’re going to write
using the paragraph headings below. Use
the Useful language box and V ocabulary
B an k Personality p. 153 to help you.
Paragraph 1
age, family, work / study
Paragraph 2
personality (good side)
Paragraph 3
hobbies and interests
Paragraph 4
any negative things?
C h eck your email for mistakes (grammar,
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .U
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2 A N IN F O R M A L E M A IL
a
Marisol went to the US and stayed for six months
with a couple, Angela and M att, working as an
au pair. After going back to Peru, she sent them
an email. Look at the list o f things she says in her
email. Number them in a logical order 1 -6 .
] She promises to send some photos.
] She thanks them for her stay and says how
much she enjoyed it.
I I She talks about what she’s been doing recently.
] She apologizes for not writing before.
I I She thanks them again and invites them to stay.
] She talks about the nice things that happened
when she was with them.
b
Now read M arisol’s email and check your
answers to a.
c
C orrect eight mistakes in the email (gl^JQtpEtr,
p ^jiaji^tio n , and Sfleilitig.)
O
Useful language: informal emails
From:
Marisol [marisol_new@gmail.com]
To:
Angela [angelav1970@yahoo.com]
Subject: Thanks
Hi Angela,
I'm really sorry for not writing sooner, but L^m very busy since I
got back!
Thanks for a wonderful six months. I loved being in Colorado, and
I had a great time. I also think my english got a little better... dQrit
you think?
It was so nice to take care of Austin and Melissa. I thought they
were adorable, and I think we had a fantastic time together. I have
really good memories - for example our travel to Denver and the
amusement park there!
I've been a little stressed these last few weeks, because I've
started working at a restaurant, while I look for a full-time job.
a waitress is very hard work, but I can now afford to rent an
apartment with Sofia and two other friends, and I'm saving fQ i
iQ jjtly a car! I’ve also spent a lot of time with my family - my
brothers have changed so much over the past six months!
I've had several jugagg^s from Austin and Melissa since I've
been back! Please tell them from me that I miss them and that
LgttQd them some photos very soon.
Beginnings
Hi + name (or Dear + name if you want to be a little
more formal)
Sorry for not writing sooner, but...
Thank you / Thanks [so much) for (your letter,
having me to stay etc.)...
It was great to hear from you...
That's all for now. Thanks again for everything. And I hope you
know you're welcome in Lima any time - my family would love to
meet you. Summer here is usually beautiful.
Endings
That’s all for now.
Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking forward to
hearing from you soon.
0Give my) regards / love to...
Best wishes / Love (from)
P.S. (when you want to add a short message at the
end of an email) I’ve attached a photo...
P.S. I've attached a photo I took of me with the kids. I hope you
like it!
Hope to hear from you soon. Give my regards to Matt!
Best wishes,
Marisol
d Imagine you have some American friends in the
U S, and you stayed with them for a week last
month. W r ite an email to say thank you. Plan
what you're going to say. Use 1 - 6 in a and the
U sefu l language box to help you.
e
C h eck your email for mistakes (grammar,
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .2 1
Writing
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Writing
3 A N A R T IC L E FO R A M A G A Z IN E
a
Transportation
in New York City
Look at the four forms o f public transportation in New
York City. W hich one do you think is probably...?
• the least expensive
• the healthiest
• the best if you want to see the sights o f New York City
• the safest to use at night
double-decker bus j
subway
The Subway This is the quickest way to g e t 1around
th e city, and there are many subway stations a ll over New
York City. The cheapest way to use the subway is to get a
M etroCard. This is Like a phone card. You p u t m oney on
it, and you can add m ore when you need to. Then you use
it every tim e you g e t 2________ the subway. You can buy
MetroCards at subway stations, newsstands, and even
fro m your employer.
Buses
bike
b
taxi
Read an article from an online magazine for foreign
students about public transportation in New York
City and check your answers to a. Then answer these
questions from memory.
1 What can you use a MetroCard for?
2 What kind o f money do you have to use if you want to
pay cash to ride a New York City bus?
3 W hat’s the difference between a taxi and car service?
c
Read the article again and fill in the blanks with a
preposition from the list.
around at
in next to
on (x2) on the top of with
O Useful language: transportation in your town
You can buy MetroCards at many places in New York City.
You need a ticket or card before you get on the subway.
(You = people in general)
Comparatives and superlatives:
Buses aren’t as quick as trains.
Riding a bike is the cheapest way to get around.
d W r ite an article about transportation in your nearest
town or city for foreign students. P lan what headings
you're going to use and what to say about each form o f
transportation.
e
C h e c k your article for mistakes (grammar,
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .2 7
They can be quicker than th e subway if there
isn't to o much traffic. The easiest way to use th e buses,
Like the subway, is to ju s t use your MetroCard. You can
buy a single-ride ticke t fro m machines 3________ some,
b u t n o t a ll bus stops. You can also pay cash (but
no pennies and no paper money) when you g e t 4________
th e bus. Traveling 5________ a private double-decker
bus is also a good way to see New York City.
Bikes
Bikes are starting to become m ore popular in
New York City, especially 6________ to u rists and people
who want to tra ve l to parts o f the city. Like th e w ate rfro nt
areas, where subways d o n 't usually go. One o f the
newest bike-share programs is called C iti Bike. When you
rent a bike fro m C iti Bike, you get a key th a t Looks Like a
flash drive. You can use the key at any C iti Bike kiosk and
get a bike to ride fo r th e day.
Taxis and Car Service
New York C ity's y e llo w
taxis are expensive, b u t they are com fortable, and the
taxi drivers know shortcuts through the city to get you
to places quickly. You usually t e ll the driver where you
w ant to go when you g e t 7________ th e taxi. Car service
is made up o f norm al cars th a t work fo r a company, and
you have to c a ll them ahead o f tim e to pick you up. They
are m ore expensive than taxis. Taxis and car service are
probably the safest way to tra ve l Late 8________ night.
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4 T E L L IN G A S T O R Y
a
b
A magazine asked its readers to send in
stories o f a time they got lost. Read the story
once. W hy did Bethany and her husband get
lost? W hat else went wrong?
DISASTROUS TRIPS!
We asked you to te ll us a b o u t a tim e you g o t lost.
Bethany fro m
th e US w ro te to us...
Read the story again and complete it with a
connecting word or phrase from the list.
although as soon as because
instead of so then when
P
FRANCE
ANDORRA
but
'
GALICIA
X __
Lerida
Useful language: getting lost
We were going in the wrong direction.
We took the wrong exit / turn.
We turned right instead o f left.
We didn't know where we were.
We had to turn around and go back in the
opposite direction.
larragona
Madrid
BALEARIC
ISLANDS
Alicante,
c
W r ite about a trip where you got lost
(or invent one) to send to the magazine.
P la n what you’re going to write using the
paragraph headings below. Use the U se fu l
lan g u ag e to help you.
Paragraph 1
When was the journey? Where
were you going? Who with?
Why?
Paragraph 2
How did you get lost? What
happened?
Paragraph 3
What happened in the end?
d C h e c k your story for mistakes (grammar,
vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
< p .47
200 miles
his happened a few years ago. My husband and I had rented a
house in Galicia fo r a summer vacation. We were going to firs t
drive to Tarragona, to stay fo r a few days with some friends,
and 1 then
drive from Tarragona to Galicia.
T
The first part of the trip was fine. We were using our new GPS for the
first time, and it took us right to the door of our friends' house. Three
days later,2________ we continued our trip, we put in the name of the
small town in Galicia, Nigran, which was our final destination. We started
off, obediently following the instructions, but after a while we realized
th a t3________ driving west toward Lerida, we were going north. In
fact, soon we were very close to Andorra. I was sure we were going in
the wrong direction,4________ my husband wanted to do what the
GPS was telling us - it was his new toy! It was only when we started
seeing mountains that even he admitted this couldn't be the right way.
5________ we stopped, got out an old map, and then turned around!
We had wasted almost two hours going in the wrong direction!
It was an awful trip 6________ as well as getting lost, when we were
almost at our destination we had another problem. We stopped fo r a
coffee, b u t7________ we got back onto the road, we realized that we
had left our dog under the table in the cafe! For the second time that
day we had to turn around and go back. Luckily, the dog was still there!
However,8________ the beginning of our trip was a disaster, we had a
wonderful vacation!
Writing
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Listening
ı 6»)
A
I u s u a lly h a v e m e a t o r s e a f o o d . U s u a lly s h r im p
o r s o m e th in g a s a n a p p e tiz e r a n d th e n m a y b e
la m b f o r th e m a in c o u r s e .
B
I o f t e n h a v e r e a d y -m a d e v e g e t a b le s o u p s t h a t y o u
ju s t h a v e t o h e a t u p - in f a c t , t h e y ’r e t h e o n ly
v e g e t a b le s I e v e r e a t ! A n d I u s u a lly h a v e a c o u p le
o f f r o z e n p iz z a s in t h e f r e e z e r f o r e m e r g e n c ie s .
I
d o n ’t r e a lly o r d e r t a k e - o u t w h e n I ’m o n m y
o w n , b u t i f I ’m w it h f r ie n d s in t h e e v e n in g , w e
s o m e t im e s o r d e r C h i n e s e fo o d f o r d in n e r .
C
E g g s a n d s o d a . I h a v e e g g s f o r b r e a k f a s t a t le a s t
t w i c e a w e e k , a n d I d r i n k a c o u p le o f c a n s o f s o d a
e v e r y day.
D
I f l ’m f e e lin g d o w n , c h i c k e n s o u p , w it h n ic e b ig
p i e c e s o f c h i c k e n in it. I t ’s w a r m a n d c o m f o r t i n g .
U h , I u su a lly h a v e a b a n a n a b e fo r e g o in g to th e g y m .
I f I k n o w I’m g o in g to h a v e a re a lly lo n g m e e tin g ,
I
u su a lly h ave a c o ffe e a n d a c u p c a k e b e c a u s e I th in k
it w ill k e e p m e a w a k e a n d g iv e m e en ergy.
E
F r u it - c h e r r ie s , s tr a w b e r r ie s , ra s p b e rrie s , an d
a p p le s . V e g e ta b le s - p e p p e r s , t o m a t o e s , an d
c u c u m b e r s . T h e o n ly t h i n g 1 r e a lly d o n 't lik e is
z u c c h i n i . I c a n ’t e v e n s t a n d t h e s m e ll o f it.
1 7»)
P art 1
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t w a s y o u r f a v o r ite fo o d w h e n
y o u w e r e a c h ild ?
S t e v e W e l l , 1 a lw a y s lik e d u n u s u a l t h i n g s , a t le a s t
t h i n g s t h a t m o s t E n g lis h c h i l d r e n a t t h e t i m e
d id n ’t lik e . F o r in s t a n c e , w h e n I w a s s i x o r s e v e n
m y f a v o r ite t h i n g s w e r e s n a i ls , o h a n d p r a w n s
w it h g a r lic .
I n t e r v i e w e r F u n n y th i n g s f o r a s ix -y e a r - o ld
E n g lis h b o y t o lik e !
S t e v e W e l l , t h e t h i n g is m y p a r e n t s lik e d tr a v e lin g
a n d e a t i n g o u t a l o t , a n d 1 f i r s t tr ie d s n a i l s in
F ra n c e , an d th e p ra w n s, m y fir s t p ra w n s I h ad a t a
S p a n i s h r e s t a u r a n t in t h e to w n w h e r e w e liv ed .
I n t e r v i e w e r S o y o u w e r e i n t e r e s t e d in S p a n is h
fo o d r i g h t f r o m t h e s t a r t . Is t h a t w h y y o u d e c id e d
t o c o m e to S p a in ?
S t e v e P a r tly , b u t o f c o u r s e , I s u p p o s e lik e a l o t o f
B r itis h p e o p le I w a n te d t o s e e t h e s u n ! T h e o t h e r
t h i n g t h a t a t t r a c t e d m e w h e n I g o t h e r e w e r e a ll
t h e f a n t a s t i c in g r e d i e n t s . I r e m e m b e r g o i n g in t o
t h e m a r k e t f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e a n d s a y in g “W o w !”
I n t e r v i e w e r W h e n y o u o p e n e d y o u r re s ta u ra n t,
h o w d id y o u w a n t it t o b e d i f f e r e n t fr o m ty p ic a l
S p a n is h re s ta u ra n ts ?
S t e v e W e l l , w h e n 1 c a m e to S p a i n , a ll th e g o o d
r e s t a u r a n t s w e r e v e r y f o r m a l , v e ry t r a d i t i o n a l . In
L o n d o n t h e n , t h e f a s h i o n w a s f o r i n f o r m a l p la c e s
w h e r e t h e w a i t e r s w o r e je a n s , b u t t h e fo o d w a s
a m a z in g . S o I w a n te d a r e s t a u r a n t a b i t l ik e th a t.
I a l s o w a n te d a r e s t a u r a n t w h e r e y o u c o u ld t r y
m o r e i n t e r n a t io n a l f o o d , b u t m a d e w i t h s o m e o f
t h e s e f a n t a s t i c lo c a l in g r e d i e n t s . F o r e x a m p le ,
S p a i n ’s g o t w o n d e r fu l s e a f o o d , b u t u s u a lly h e re
i t ’s ju s t g r il l e d o r f r ie d . I s t a r t e d d o in g t h i n g s in
m y r e s t a u r a n t l ik e c o o k i n g V a le n c ia n m u s s e ls in
T h a i g r e e n c u r r y p a s te .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t d o y o u m o s t e n jo y c o o k in g ?
S t e v e W h a t 1 m o s t e n jo y c o o k i n g , 1 t h i n k , a r e
t h o s e t r a d i t i o n a l d i s h e s w h i c h u s e q u ite c h e a p
in g r e d i e n t s , b u t th e y n e e d v e ry lo n g a n d c a r e f u l
c o o k i n g , a n d th e n y o u t u r n it i n t o s o m e t h in g
r e a lly s p e c i a l ... l ik e a r e a lly g o o d c a s s e r o l e , fo r
e x a m p le .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d i s t h e r e a n y t h i n g y o u d o n ’t lik e
c o o k in g ?
S t e v e M a y b e d e s s e r t s . Y o u h a v e t o b e v e r y v e ry
p r e c i s e w h e n y o u 'r e m a k i n g d e s s e r t s . A n d t h a t ’s
n o t th e w ay I am .
I n t e r v i e w e r S o t e l l u s m o r e a b o u t t h i s , D a n ie lle .
W h a t a b o u t t h e o ld e s t c h ild r e n in a fa m ily , th e
firs t-b o r n ?
D a n i e l l e W e ll f i r s t - b o r n c h i l d r e n o f t e n h a v e to
1 8»)
ta k e c a r e o f t h e i r y o u n g e r b r o t h e r s a n d s i s t e r s , s o
P art 2
t h e y ’r e u s u a lly s e n s i b l e a n d r e s p o n s ib l e a s a d u lts .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t ’s t h e b e s t t h i n g a b o u t r u n n i n g
T h e y a l s o te n d t o b e a m b i t i o u s , a n d t h e y m a k e
a re s ta u ra n t?
S t e v e I t h i n k t h e b e s t t h i n g is m a k i n g p e o p le
g o o d l e a d e r s . M a n y U S P r e s id e n t s a n d B r i t i s h
P r i m e M i n i s t e r s , i n c lu d in g f o r e x a m p le A b r a h a m
h a p p y . T h a t ’s w h y e v e n a f t e r a ll t h i s t i m e I s t ill
L i n c o ln w e r e o ld e s t c h i l d r e n .
e n jo y it s o m u c h .
O n t h e n e g a tiv e s id e , o ld e s t c h ild r e n c a n b e in s e c u r e
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d t h e w o r s t t h in g ?
a n d a n x io u s . T h i s is b e c a u s e w h e n t h e s e c o n d c h ild
S t e v e T h a t ’s e a s y , it h a s t o b e t h e lo n g h o u r s . T h i s
w a s b o r n , lie o r sh e lo s t s o m e o f h is o r h e r p a r e n ts ’
w e e k f o r e x a m p le . I ’m c o o k i n g n e a r ly e v e ry day.
W e u s u a lly c lo s e o n S u n d a y s a n d M o n d a y s , b u t
t h i s M o n d a y is a p u b lic h o lid a y , w h e n lo ts o f
p e o p le w a n t t o e a t o u t , s o w e ’r e o p e n .
I n t e r v i e w e r S e u X e r e a i s in a ll t h e B r i t i s h
r e s t a u r a n t g u id e s n o w . D o e s t h a t m e a n y o u g e t a
lo t o f B r itis h c u s to m e rs ?
S t e v e Y e s , w e g e t a lo t o f B r i t i s h p e o p le , e s p e c ia lly
a t t h e w e e k e n d s , b u t th e n w e g e t p e o p le fr o m
o th e r c o u n tr ie s , to o .
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e t h e B r i t i s h c u s t o m e r s a n d th e
S p a n is h c u s to m e rs v e ry d iffe re n t?
S t e v e Y e s , I t h in k th e y a r e . T h e B r itis h a lw a y s say
th a t e v e r y th in g i s lov ely , e v e n i f th e y ’v e o n ly e a te n
a t t e n t io n a n d m a y b e h e o r s h e fe lt r e je c te d .
I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g . W h a t a b o u t
t h e m id d le c h ild ?
D a n i e l l e M id d le c h ild r e n a r e u s u a lly m o r e r e la x e d
t h a n o l d e s t c h i l d r e n . T h a t ’s p r o b a b ly b e c a u s e
th e p a r e n t s a r e m o r e r e la x e d th e m s e lv e s b y th e
t i m e t h e s e c o n d c h i l d a r r iv e s . T h e y ’r e u s u a lly
v e r y s o c i a b le - th e k in d o f p e o p le w h o g e t a lo n g
w i t h e v e r y b o d y , a n d t h e y ’r e a l s o u s u a lly s e n s itiv e
t o w h a t o t h e r p e o p le n e e d . N o w , t h i s i s b e c a u s e
th e y g rew ' u p b e t w e e n o ld e r a n d y o u n g e r b r o t h e r s
a n d s i s t e r s . F o r t h e s a m e r e a s o n th e y a r e o f t e n
g o o d a t s o r t i n g o u t a r g u m e n t s , a n d th e y 'r e a lw a y s
s y m p a t h e t i c t o t h e o n e s o n t h e l o s i n g s id e , o r in
h a l f o f i t . T h e S p a n is h , o n t h e o th e r h a n d , a re
g e n e r a l t o p e o p le w h o a r e h a v in g p r o b l e m s . O n
a b s o lu te ly h o n e s t a b o u t e v e r y th in g . T h e y te lly o u
t h e o t h e r h a n d , m id d le c h i l d r e n c a n s o m e t im e s b e
w h a t th e y lik e ; th e y te ll y o u w h a t th e y d o n ’t lik e . I
u n a m b i t i o u s , a n d th e y c a n la c k d i r e c t i o n in life .
r e m e m b e r w h e n 1 f i r s t o p e n e d , I h a d s u s h i o n th e
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n ?
m e n u , w h ic h w a s v e ry u n u s u a l a t t h a t tim e , a n d 1
D a n i e l l e I w a s v e ry in te r e s te d in th is p a r t o f
w e n t in t o t h e d in in g r o o m , a n d I s a id t o p e o p le , “S o
t h e b o o k b e c a u s e I ’m a y o u n g e s t c h i l d m y s e lf.
w h a t d o y o u t h in k o f th e s u s h ? ” A n d t h e c u s to m e r s ,
It s e e m s t h a t y o u n g e s t c h i l d r e n a r e o f t e n v e r y
w h o w e r e a ll S p a n is h , s a id “O h , it w a s a w fu l! It w a s
o u t g o in g a n d c h a r m i n g . T h i s i s t h e w a y th e y tr y
ra w f i s h !” A c tu a lly , I t h i n k 1 p r e fe r th a t h o n e sty ,
to g e t t h e a t t e n t i o n o f b o t h t h e i r p a r e n t s a n d t h e i r
b e c a u s e it h e lp s u s t o k n o w w h a t p e o p le lik e .
o ld e r b r o t h e r s a n d s i s t e r s .
I n t e r v i e w e r W h a t k in d o f c u s t o m e r s d o y o u fin d
d iffic u lt?
T h e y a r e o f t e n m o r e r e b e l li o u s , a n d t h i s is
S t e v e I th in k c u s to m e rs w h o w a n t m e to c o o k
c h ild r e n t o b r e a k t h e r u l e s - b y t h i s t i m e t h e i r
p r o b a b ly b e c a u s e i t ’s e a s i e r f o r t h e y o u n g e s t
s o m e t h i n g in a w a y t h a t 1 d o n ’t t h i n k is v e ry
p a r e n t s a r e m o r e r e la x e d a b o u t d is c ip lin e .
g o o d . L e t ’s s e e , a p e r s o n w h o a s k s f o r a r e a lly
O n t h e n e g a t iv e s id e , y o u n g e s t c h ild r e n c a n b e
w e ll- d o n e s t e a k , f o r i n s t a n c e . F o r m e t h a t ’s a
i m m a t u r e a n d d is o r g a n iz e d , a n d th e y o ft e n
d i f f i c u l t c u s t o m e r . Y o u k n o w , sa y , “ I w a n t s t e a k ,”
s o I g iv e th e m a r e a lly r e a lly w e ll- d o n e s t e a k , a n d
t h e y h a v e a lw a y s b e e n t h e b a b y o f t h e fa m ily .
t h e n th e y s a y “ I t ’s t o u g h .” A n d I t h i n k w e ll, o f
c o u r s e i t ’s to u g h . I t ’s w e ll d o n e ! W e l l - d o n e s t e a k
i s a lw a y s to u g h .
I n t e r v i e w e r P e o p le s a y t h a t t h e M e d it e r r a n e a n
d i e t i s v e r y h e a lth y . D o y o u t h i n k p e o p le ’s e a t in g
h a b it s in S p a i n a r e c h a n g in g ?
S t e v e W e l l , i t h i n k th e y a r e c h a n g i n g -
d e p e n d t o o m u c h o n o t h e r p e o p le . T h i s i s b e c a u s e
I n t e r v i e w e r F a s c i n a t i n g . A n d fin a lly , w h a t a b o u t
o n ly c h ild r e n ?
D a n i e l l e O n ly c h ild r e n u s u a lly d o v e r y w e ll at
s c h o o l b e c a u s e th e y h a v e a l o t o f c o n t a c t w ith
a d u lts . T h e y g e t a lo t o f l o v e a n d a t t e n t i o n fr o m
t h e i r p a r e n t s , s o t h e y ’r e ty p ic a lly s e l f - c o n f i d e n t .
T h e y ’r e a l s o in d e p e n d e n t b e c a u s e t h e y ’r e u se d to
u n f o r t u n a t e l y I t h i n k t h e y ’r e g e t t i n g w o r s e .
b e in g b y th e m s e lv e s . A n d b e c a u s e th e y s p e n d a lo t
P e o p le a r e e a t i n g m o r e u n h e a lth ily .
o f t i m e w it h a d u lts t h e y ’r e u s u a lly v e r y o r g a n iz e d .
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S t e v e I s e e it w i t h , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h y o u n g e r f r ie n d s .
T h e y o f t e n e a t in f a s t -fo o d r e s t a u r a n t s , th e y d o n ’t
c o o k ... a n d a c t u a lly t h e y o u n g e r o n e s c o m e f r o m a
I n t e r v i e w e r I ’m a n o n ly c h ild m y s e l f a n d p e o p le
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a c c o r d i n g t o L in d a B la ir ?
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g e n e r a t io n w h e r e t h e i r m o t h e r s d o n 't c o o k e ith e r .
s o m e t im e s b e sp o ile d b y t h e ir p a r e n ts b e c a u s e
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th e y ’r e g iv e n e v e r y th in g th e y a s k fo r . A ls o , o n th e
1 27)))
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fa m ily a n d fa m ily l i f e , a n d n o w D a n i e l l e B a r n e s
i s g o i n g t o t e ll u s a b o u t a b o o k s h e h a s ju s t re a d
c a lle d
Birth Order b y L in d a B l a i r . S o w h a t’s t h e
b o o k a b o u t, D a n ie lle ?
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fa m ily in f lu e n c e s th e k in d o f p e r s o n w e a r e . I m e a n
w h e th e r w e ’r e f i r s t b o r n , a m id d le c h ild , a y o u n g e s t
n e g a tiv e sid e , o n ly c h ild r e n c a n b e s e lfis h , a n d th e y
c a n a ls o b e im p a tie n t, e s p e c ia lly w h e n th i n g s g o
w r o n g .T h is is b e c a u s e th e y ’r e n o t u se d t o s o r t in g
o u t p r o b le m s w ith o th e r b r o t h e r s a n d sis te rs .
1 28)))
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m y a c c e n t t h a t I ’m n o t a c t u a lly f r o m N e w Y o rk .
in f lu e n c e o n o u r c h a r a c t e r a n d p e r s o n a lity .
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J e n n y R o b ’s a v e ry ta le n t e d w r i t e r , D a d . H e ’s v e ry
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c r e a t iv e .
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S o w h y a m 1 in N e w Y o r k ? B e c a u s e o f Je n n y ,
a lw a y s p a y th e b ills .
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o f c o u r s e . W h e n th e y g a v e m e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y
p h o to g r a p h e r . H e t o o k a ll o f t h e s e p h o to s .
J a n e W e l l , it w a s i n t h e s u m m e r o f 2 0 0 8 , a n d m y
f a m i l y - m y h u sb a n d an d 1 a n d o u r th r e e c h ild r e n ,
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t o w o r k h e r e f o r a m o n t h , I t o o k it im m e d ia te ly .
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c o u l d n ’t b e lie v e it!
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A n d I t h i n k 1 r e c o g n i z e s o m e o f t h e s e p e o p le ...
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m i s s i t . B u t N e w Y o r k ’s a f a n t a s t i c c ity . I ’v e g o t a
B u t t h e r e a r e s o m e g r e a t ja z z m u s i c i a n s , t o o .
T h a t ’s M i l e s D a v is ... a n d i s n 't t h a t J o h n C o i t r a n e ?
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h e lp f i x it.
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A n d t h a t ’s W y n t o n M a r s a lis .
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o f m in e .
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w i t h h im , c h a t t i n g a n d w a t c h i n g h im r e h e a r s e .
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H a r r y R e a l l y ? I w a n t t o h e a r a l l a b o u t it.
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k in d o f i m p o r t a n t . I ’m t a k i n g R o b t o m e e t m y
S a l l y H a v e a c o o k ie , R o b .
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I s t a r t e d t e a c h i n g th e m s o m e s o n g s , l ik e Heads,
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J e n n y Y o u 'r e k id d in g .
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Y o u k n o w w h a t m y d e s k ’s lik e .
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J e n n y H o w c a n w e g e l s o m e m o r e ? W e 'r e a lre a d y la te !
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s e n d th e m t o h im . B u t a c t u a lly h e s a id “W h a t w e
J e n n y H i, th e re !
s o m e t h i n g I n e e d o r w a n t t o s p e n d it o n . 1 lo v e
n e e d i s a n e w s c h o o l ." A n d i t h o u g h t y e s , o f c o u r s e
H a r r y Y o u m a d e it!
c o m p u t e r s a n d c o m p u te r g a m e s , s o I b u y th i n g s
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t o m a k e s u r e m y c o m p u t e r i s a lw a y s u p to d a te .
c o n d i t i o n s t h a n t h i s t o le a r n in . S o w h e n 1 g o t
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S a l l y C o m e in , c o m e in !
m o n e y fro m m y p a re n ts ev ery w e ek , s o 1 have
ju s t e n o u g h m o n e y t o g o t o t h e m o v ie s w it h m y
J e n n y M o m , I ’m r e a lly s o r r y - w e b o u g h t y o u s o m e
c h o c o la te s , b u t w e le ft th e m a t th e o ff ic e .
S a l l y W h a t a p ity . N e v e r m i n d .
f r ie n d s a n d t o b u y s o m e t h i n g f o r m y s e lf , m a y b e
H a r r y Y e a h , d o n ’t w o r r y a b o u t it. W e k n o w w h a t
a b o o k o r a D V D o r s o m e m a k e u p ... I u s u a lly e n d
1 46)))
P art 2
I n t e r v i e w e r S o A d e la n t e A f r i c a w a s b o r n . W h y
d id y o u d e c id e t o c a ll it th a t ?
J a n e W e l l , w e w a n te d a n a m e t h a t g a v e t h e id e a
u p b u y in g s o m e t h i n g . B u t, f o r e x a m p le , i f I w a n t
o f A f r i c a m o v in g fo r w a r d , a n d m y h u s b a n d is
a b u sy y o u n g w o m a n you a re . A n d y o u r m o m h as
t o g o o n a t r i p w it h m y f r ie n d s , th e n I c a n m a k e
S p a n i s h , a n d h e s u g g e s t e d A d e la n t e A f r i c a ,
m a d e w a y t o o m u c h fo o d f o r t h i s e v e n in g a n y w a y .
a n e f f o r t a n d sa v e s o m e m o n e y f o r a fe w w e e k s .
b e c a u s e in S p a n i s h A d a la n te m e a n s “g o f o r w a r d ,”
S i n c e I w a s l i t t l e , I ’v e a lw a y s s a v e d a b o u t a
a n d A d e la n t e A f r i c a s o r t o f s o u n d e d b e t t e r th a n
S a lly
Je n n y
S a lly
O h , H arry .
5
B u t i a ls o h av e so m e g o o d n ew s.
t h i r d o f t h e m o n e y I g e t . I w o u ld n e v e r t h i n k o f
R e a lly ? W h a t ’s th a t ?
s p e n d in g a ll t h e m o n e y 1 h a v e . Y o u c o u ld s a y t h a t
I ’m c a r e f u l a b o u t m o n e y . W h e n 1 w a n t t o b u y
J e n n y W e l l ,y o u k n o w w e h a v e a n e w b o s s ? H e ’s
“G o F o r w a r d , A f r i c a . ”
I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g d id it t a k e to r a is e th e
m o n e y f o r t h e n e w s c h o o l?
s t i l l n e w t o t h e jo b a n d n e e d s s u p p o r t , s o to d a y h e
s o m e t h i n g t h a t ’s e x p e n s iv e , I d o n ’t u s e a c r e d it
m a d e m e t h e m a n a g in g e d i t o r o f t h e m a g a z in e .
c a r d . I ta k e t h e m o n e y o u t o f t h e b a n k s o I n e v e r
tw o y e a r s . T h e s c h o o l o p e n e d o n t h e 1 4 t h M a r c h
h a v e t o w o r r y a b o u t g e t t i n g i n t o d e b t.
2 0 1 0 w it h 7 5 c h i l d r e n . T o d a y , it h a s n e a r ly 5 0 0
S a lly
S o y o u ’v e g o t a p r o m o t io n ? H o w f a n t a s t i c !
H a r r y T h a t ’s g r e a t n e w s ! H ey , d o e s t h a t m e a n
J e n n y ’s g o in g t o b e y o u r b o s s , R o b ?
Rob
U K ... y e s , 1 g u e s s s o .
J e n n y W e l l , n o t e x a c tly . I ’m a m a n a g e r , b u t I ’m n o t
R o b ’s m a n a g e r .
6
I ’d s a y a s a v e r , d e fin it e ly . I l ik e h a v in g s o m e
m o n e y s a v e d in c a s e I h a v e a n e m e r g e n c y . 1 a ls o
t h i n k v e ry c a r e f u l l y b e f o r e I b u y s o m e t h i n g , a n d
I a lw a y s m a k e s u r e i t ’s t h e b e s t I c a n b u y f o r t h a t
p r i c e . B u t I w o u ld n 't d e s c r i b e m y s e l f a s c h e a p . I
J a n e A m a z in g ly e n o u g h , n o t lo n g r e a lly , o n ly a b o u t
c h ild r e n .
I n t e r v i e w e r T h a t ’s g r e a t ! 1 u n d e r s t a n d t h a t s i n c e
t h e n e w s c h o o l o p e n e d y o u ’v e b e e n w o r k in g o n
o t h e r p r o je c t s f o r t h e s e c h ild r e n .
J a n e Y e s . W h e n w e o p e n e d t h e s c h o o l w e r e a liz e d
S a l l y L e t ’s g o a n d h a v e d in n e r .
lo v e b u y in g p r e s e n t s f o r p e o p le , a n d w h e n I d o
t h a t a lth o u g h t h e c h i l d r e n n o w h a d a b e a u tifu l
J e n n y W h a t a g r e a t id e a !
s p e n d m y m o n e y I l ik e t o b u y n ic e t h i n g s , e v e n i f
n e w s c h o o l , th e y c o u l d n ’t r e a lly m a k e m u c h
t h e y ’r e m o r e e x p e n s iv e .
p r o g r e s s b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e s u f f e r i n g fr o m
1 32)))
H a r r y Y o u k n o w , o u r J e n n y l ia s d o n e in c r e d ib ly
w e ll, R o b . S h e ’s t h e f i r s t m e m b e r o f o u r f a m ily
t o s tu d y a t H a r v a r d . S h e 's a v e ry c a p a b le a n d
a m b itio u s y o u n g w o m a n .
J e n n y O il, D ad .
R o b N o , i t ’s t r u e , Je n n y .
H a r r y B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u , R o b ? i lo w d o y o u s e e y o u r
c a r e e r ? D o y o u s e e y o u r s e lf g o in g in t o m a n a g e m e n t?
Rob
M e ? N o . N o t r e a lly . I 'm m o r e o f a ... a w r ite r .
H a r r y R e a l l y ? W h a t k in d o f t h i n g s d o y o u w r ite ?
Rob
U m ...y o u k n o w , i n t e r v i e w s , r e v ie w s ... th in g s
lik e t h a t ... a n d I ’m d o i n g a l o t o f w o r k f o r th e
o n l i n e m a g a z in e ...
1 45)))
P a rti
I n t e r v i e w e r J a n e , y o u ’r e a n e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l
t e a c h e r , a n d a w r i t e r . W h a t k in d o f b o o k s d o
y o u w r ite ?
J a n e W e l l , I w r i t e b o o k s f o r c h ild r e n w h o a r e
l e a r n i n g E n g l i s h a s a f o r e ig n la n g u a g e .
I n t e r v i e w e r H o w lo n g h a v e y o u b e e n a w r it e r ?
m a l n u t r i t io n , m a la r ia , t h i n g s lik e t h a t . S o w e ’ve
b e e n w o r k i n g t o im p r o v e t h e i r d ie t a n d h e a lt h ,
a n d a t t h e m o m e n t w e 'r e b u i l d i n g a h o u s e w h e r e
c h ild r e n w h o d o n ’t h a v e f a m i l i e s c a n liv e.
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d a r e y o u r c h ild r e n in v o lv e d in
A d e la n t e A f r i c a to o ?
J a n e Y e s , a b s o lu t e ly ! T h e y a l l g o o u t t o U g a n d a a t
le a s t o n c e a y e a r . M y d a u g h te r T e s s i e r u n s th e
F a c e b o o k p a g e , a n d m y o t h e r d a u g h te r A n a r u n s
J a n e U h , le t m e s e e , s in c e 1 9 9 0 . S o f o r a b o u t 2 2 y e a r s .
a p r o je c t t o h e lp c h ild r e n t o g o t o s e c o n d a r y
I n t e r v i e w e r T e ll u s a b o u t t h e t r i p t h a t c h a n g e d
s c h o o l , a n d G e o r g i e , m y s o n , o r g a n i z e s a f o o t b a ll
y o u r l i f e . W h e r e w e r e y o u g o in g ?
to u rn a m e n t th e r e ev ery y e a r.
I n t e r v i e w e r A n d h o w d o y o u th in k y ou have m o st
c h a n g e d d i e c h ild r e n ’s liv e s ?
Listening
123
languagedownload.ir
Jane
I t h i n k t h e s c h o o l h a s c h a n g e d t h e c h i l d r e n ’s
liv e s b e c a u s e it h a s g iv e n th e m h o p e . P e o p le fr o m
o u t s id e c a m e a n d lis te n e d t o th e m a n d c a r e d a b o u t
t h e m . B u t i t ’s n o t o n ly t h e c h ild r e n w h o s e liv e s
a n d t h a t c a n c a u s e a c c i d e n t s . R e m e m b e r , d r iv e r
B
D o you kn ow w h at yo u n eed ? T h e se.
d i s t r a c t i o n i s t h e n u m b e r o n e c a u s e o f ro a d
A
B
W h a t a r e t h e y ? E a r p lu g s ?
Y e s . E a r p lu g s ! W h e n t h e b a b y s t a r t s c r y i n g y o u
a c c id e n ts .
H o s t N o w I k n o w y o u ’v e b e e n d o in g a lo t o f te s ts
w it h s i m u l a t o r s . A c c o r d i n g i o y o u r t e s t s , w h a t ’s
m e a n d m y fa m ily . W e h a v e b e e n v e r y lu c k y in life .
t h e m o s t d a n g e r o u s t h i n g t o d o w h e n y o u ’re
A
d r iv in g ?
B
I t ’s a ll in t h i s b o o k I r e a d . Y o u s h o u ld g e t it.
A
B
Y e a h ? W h a t ’s it c a lle d ?
I t ’s c a lle d C om m ando Dad. Ii w a s w r i t t e n b y a n
I fe e l th a t l if e h a s g iv e n m e a l o t . N o w I w a n t t o
g iv e s o m e t h i n g b a c k . B u t i t ’s n o t a ll g iv in g . I fe e l
Tom
T h e t e s t s w e d id in a s i m u l a t o r s h o w e d t hat
b u t th e n o is e is n ’t s o b a d , a n d i t ’s n o t s o s t r e s s f u l .
T h a t ’s a g r e a t id e a ! W h o to ld y o u i o d o th a t?
t h a t I g e t m o r e f r o m t h e m th a n I g iv e ! I lo v e b e in g
t h e m o s t d a n g e r o u s t h i n g t o d o w h ile y o u ’r e
t h e r e . I lo v e t h e i r s m i l e s a n d h o w t h e y h a v e s u c h a
d r iv in g i s t o s e n d o r r e c e iv e a t e x t m e s s a g e . T h i s is
e x - s o ld ie r . H e w a s a c o m m a n d o in t h e a rm y ,
s t r o n g s e n s e o f c o m m u n ity , a n d I lo v e f e e l in g th a t
in c r e d ib ly d a n g e r o u s , a n d it is , o f c o u r s e , ille g a l.
a n d i t ’s e s p e c ia lly f o r m e n w it h b a b ie s o r s m a ll
m y f a m i l y a n d t h e o t h e r m e m b e r s o f A d e la n te
I n f a c t , r e s e a r c h c lo n e b y t h e p o lic e s h o w s t h a t
A f r i c a a r e a c c e p te d a s p a r t o f t h a t c o m m u n ity .
t h i s i s m o r e d a n g e r o u s th a n d r i n k in g a n d d r iv in g .
Interviewer A n d d o y o u h a v e a w e b s ite ?
Jane Y e s , w e d o . I t ’s w w w .a d e l a n t e a f r i c a .c o m .
H o s t W h y i s th a t ?
Tom
c h i l d r e n . I t ’s p r e t t y g o o d .
A
R e a lly ? S o w h a t’s s o g o o d a b o u t it?
B
W e ll, i t 's lik e a m ilit a r y m a n u a l. It t e lls y o u e x a c tly
W e l l , t h e r e a s o n i s o b v io u s - m a n y p e o p le u se
w h a t t o d o w ith a b a b y in a n y s itu a tio n . It m a k e s
W e ’v e h a d t h e w e b s ite f o r a b o u t f o u r y e a r s . I t w a s
t w o h a n d s t o t e x t , o n e t o h o ld t h e p h o n e a n d th e
e v e r y th in g e a s ie r . T h e r e ’s a w e b s ite , t o o , t h a t y o u
o n e o f t h e f i r s t th i n g s w e s e t u p . I f y o u 'd l ik e to
o t h e r t o t y p e . W h i c h m e a n s t h a t th e y d o n ’t h a v e
c a n g o t o - c o m m a n d o d a d .c o m . I t h a s a lo t o f
fin d o u t m o r e a b o u t A d e la n t e A f r i c a , p le a s e g o
t h e i r h a n d s o n t h e w h e e l, a n d t h e y ’r e lo o k in g
a d v ic e a b o u t ta k in g c a r e o f b a b ie s a n d s m a ll k id s,
th e r e a n d h a v e a l o o k . T h e r e a r e l o t s o f p h o to s
a t t h e p h o n e , n o t a t t h e r o a d . E v e n f o r p e o p le
a n d I r e a lly lik e t h e f o r u m s w h e r e m e n c a n w r ite in
a n d e v e n a v id e o m y s o n t o o k o f m e t e a c h i n g th e
c h i l d r e n t o s i n g o n t h a t f i r s t day. M a y b e it w ill
w h o c a n t e x t w i t h o n e h a n d , i t ’s s t i l l e x t r e m e ly
d a n g e r o u s , h i t h e t e s t s w e d id in th e s im u la to r ,
A
c h a n g e y o u r life to o , w h o k n o w s?
t w o o f t h e d r iv e r s c r a s h e d w h ile te x tin g .
B
1 52)))
w it h t h e ir p r o b le m o r t h e ir e x p e r ie n c e s .
W h a t k in d o f t h i n g s d o e s it h e lp y o u w i t h ?
A ll k in d s o f t h i n g s . H o w t o c h a n g e d ia p e r s - h e
H o s t A n d w h ic h i s t h e n e x t m o s t d a n g e r o u s ?
lia s a r e a lly g o o d s y s t e m , h o w to d r e s s th e b a b y ,
Tom
h o w t o g e t th e b a b y to s le e p , t h e b e s t w a y t o fe e d
T h e n e x t m o s t d a n g e ro u s th in g is to s e t o r
Phone call 4
a d ju s t y o u r G P S . T h i s i s e x t r e m e ly h a z a r d o u s to o
I h a v e n ’t h a d a n y m u s ic f o r t h e l a s t t h r e e d a y s,
b e c a u s e a lth o u g h y o u c a n d o it w i t h o n e h a n d , y o u
u s e fu l a n d i t ’s p r e tt y fu n n y , t o o , I m e a n h e u s e s
b e c a u s e m y iP o d b r o k e , s o p a d d lin g h a s b e e n g e t t in g
s t i l l h a v e t o ta k e y o u r e y e s o f f t h e r o a d f o r a fe w
a k in d o f m i li t a r y la n g u a g e , s o f o r e x a m p le lie
secon d s.
c a l l s t h e b a b y a B T w h ic h m e a n s a b a b y t r o o p e r ,
m o re b o r in g . T o p a ss th e tim e I c o u n t o r I n a m e
th e b a b y , h o w io k n o w i f t h e b a b y i s s ic k . I t ’s r e a lly
c o u n t r i e s in m y h e a d , a n d s o m e t im e s I ju s t lo o k up
H o s t A n d n u m b e r th r e e ?
a n d t h e b a b y ’s b e d r o o m is b a s e c a m p , a n d ta k in g
a t t h e s k y . S o m e t i m e s t h e s k y i s p in k w it h c lo u d s
Tom
t h e b a b y f o r a w a lk is m a n e u v e r s , a n d t a k i n g th e
N u m b e r t h r e e w a s p u ttin g o n m a k e u p o r d o in g
t h a t lo o k l ik e c o t t o n , a n d o t h e r t i m e s i t ’s d a r k lik e
y o u r h a ir . In f a c t, t h is is s o m e t h in g th a t p e o p le
t h e s m o k e f r o m a f i r e , a n d s o m e t im e s i t ’s b r ig h t
o f t e n d o , e s p e c ia lly w o m e n , o f c o u r s e , w h e n th e y
A
W h a t e ls e d o e s it sa y ?
s to p a t t r a f f i c lig h ts , b u t i f t h e y h a v e n ’t fin is h e d
B
W e l l , it h a s a ll k in d s o f s t u f f a b o u t ...
w h e n t h e lig h ts c h a n g e , th e y o f t e n c o n t in u e w h e n
A A n d w h a t d o e s h e th in k a b o u t m en ta k in g c a r e o f
b lu e . T h e d a y t h a t I r e a d i e d t h e h a lf w a y p o i n t i n m y
t r i p , t h e s k y w a s b r i g h t b lu e . I ’m s u p e r s t it io u s s o
i
d id n 't c e l e b r a t e - t h e r e ’s s t i l l a v e r y l o n g w a y t o g o .
th e y s t a r t d r iv in g a g a in . I t ’s th a t f a t a l c o m b in a tio n
Phone call 5
o f j u s t h a v in g o n e h a n d o n t h e s t e e r in g w h e e l, an d
c r a z y . T h e y o b v io u s ly t h i n k I ’m e a s y fo o d ! T h e y
e s p e c i a l l y l ik e m y f e e t . 1 w a k e u p in t h e n ig h t w h e n
d ia p e r s to t h e tr a s h i s c a lle d b o m b d is p o s a l.
c h i l d r e n ? D o e s h e t h i n k vve d o it w e ll?
B
H e t h i n k s t h a t m e n a r e ju s t a s g o o d a s w o m e n a t
t a k i n g c a r e o f c h i l d r e n in a l m o s t e v e r y th in g .
H o s t A n d n u m b e r fo u r ?
A
A l m o s t e v e r y th in g ?
Tom
B
lo o k in g in t h e m i r r o r , n o t a t t h e ro a d .
T h i s w e e k ( h e m o s q u i t o e s h a v e b e e n d r iv in g m e
In f o u r t h p la c e , th e r e a r e tw o a c t i v i t ie s t h a t a r e
e q u a lly d a n g e r o u s . O n e o f th e m i s m a k i n g a p h o n e
c a l l o n a c e ll p h o n e . O u r r e s e a r c h s h o w e d t h a t
th e y b i t e m e , a n d 1 c a n ’t s t o p s c r a t c h i n g m y fe e t.
B u t I ’m f e e l in g h a p p ie r n o w t h a n I ’v e b e e n
f e e l in g f o r w e e k s . I'v e s e e n a lo t o f a m a z i n g w ild lif e
t h i s w e e k . O n e d ay , I fo u n d m y s e l f i n t h e m id d le
w h e n p e o p le t a lk o n th e p h o n e , th e y d r iv e m o r e
W o m e n k in d o f u n d e r s t a n d b e t t e r w h a t t o d o .
T h e y h a v e a n i n s t i n c t . O h . N o w i t ’s m y t u r n . O K ,
s lo w ly (w h ic h c a n b e ju s t a s d a n g e r o u s a s d r iv in g
1 k n o w e x a c t l y w h a t t h a t c r y m e a n s . It m e a n s h e ’s
b e c a u s e t h e y ’r e c o n c e n t r a t i n g o n t h e p h o n e c a ll
ju m p i n g o u t o f t h e w a t e r . I'v e a l s o s e e n e n o r m o u s
a n d n o t o n w h a t’s h a p p e n in g o n t h e r o a d . B u t th e
b u t t e r f l i e s , i g u a n a s , a n d v u lt u r e s t h a t f ly a b o v e
o t h e r t h i n g , w h ic h is ju s t a s d a n g e r o u s a s t a l k in g
m e in b i g g r o u p s . Y e s te r d a y , a f is h ju m p e d i n t o m y
o n y o u r c e ll p h o n e , i s e a t i n g a n d d r in k in g , i n f a c t,
k a y a k . M a y b e it m e a n s I ’m g o i n g t o b e lu c k y . I am
i f y o u d o t h i s , y o u d o u b le y o u r c h a n c e o f h a v in g
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d i s t r a c t i o n s f o r d r iv e r s , h a s n ’t it?
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Y e a h , th e g u i t a r w a s n e a r ly a s b ig a s m e !
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Y o r k , th e n I ’m d o i n g s o m e s m a ll g ig s in o t h e r
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f e e l in g s w e r e h u r t , s o 1 d id n ’t t a l k to h im a s m u c h .
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l e f t it in m y c a b .
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B u r m a , i t ’s c u s t o m t o “d a t e ” in a g r o u p s i t u a t i o n .
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th e m o r e o p e n A m e r ic a n c u lt u r e .
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Taxi driver E x c u s e m e , M a ’a m .
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t h e la n g u a g e t o E n g l i s h o n a ll t h e g a d g e t s y o u
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o f t h e s w e e t p o s t s m y A m e r ic a n f r ie n d s ’ b o y f r ie n d s
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3
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b r a g g in g t o e x p r e s s y o u r f e e l in g s i n p u b lic ,
e s p e c i a l l y o n a s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s i t e . H e d id n ’t
M y t i p i s t o d o th i n g s t h a t y o u l ik e d o in g , b u t in
w a n t h i s fa m ily a n d f r ie n d s t o t h i n k h e w a s b r a g g in g
E n g l i s h . S o f o r e x a m p le , i f y o u l ik e r e a d in g , th e n
a b o u t h i s A m e r ic a n g i r l f r i e n d . F r o m a n A m e r ic a n
r e a d in E n g l i s h , i f y o u lik e m o v ie s , w a t c h th e m
p o i n t o f v ie w , I th o u g h t h e w a s b e in g a b it c o ld ;
in E n g lis h w it h s u b t i t l e s , i f y o u l ik e c o m p u te r
h o w e v e r f r o m a B u r m e s e p o in t o f v i e w , h e w a s
g a m e s , p la y th e m i n E n g l i s h . B u t d o n ’t d o t h in g s
a c t u a l l y b e in g r e s p e c t f u l.
y o u d o n ’t e n jo y in y o u r la n g u a g e , I m e a n i f y o u
fr ie n d ly .
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A s c o n f u s e d a s I w a s a b o u t w h a t’s c o n s id e r e d
d o n ’t lik e r e a d i n g in y o u r la n g u a g e , y o u 'll e n jo y
g o o d a n d b a d m a n n e r s in J a s o n 's c u l t u r e , h e fe lt th e
it e v e n l e s s i n E n g l i s h , a n d s o y o u p r o b a b ly w o n ’t
s a m e w a y a b o u t A m e r ic a n c u l t u r e . H e th o u g h t it
le a r n a n y th in g .
w a s b a d m a n n e r s t o r e f e r t o h a v e a “b e s t f r ie n d ,” a n d
W h a t r e a lly h e lp e d m e to im p r o v e m y E n g lis h
h e w o u ld a r g u e w it h m e w h e n e v e r I c a lle d m y fr ie n d
w a s h a v in g a n A m e r ic a n b o y f r i e n d . H e d id n 't
R a c h e l , m y b e s t f r ie n d . ]a s o n s a id t h e r e is n o s u c h
s p e a k a n y J a p a n e s e - w e ll, n o t m a n y fo r e ig n e r s
t h i n g a s a “b e s t f r ie n d ” in B u r m e s e c u l t u r e . T h e r e
in L o n d o n a r e a l o t m o r e e a s y g o in g . L o n d o n 's ju s t
d o - s o w e s p o k e E n g lis h a ll t h e t i m e , a n d m y
a r e o n ly “c l o s e f r ie n d s .” It w o u ld b e i n c o n s id e r a t e
n o t a s h e c t i c a s N e w Y o rk .
E n g lis h im p ro v e d r e a lly q u ic k ly . W e b r o k e up
t o n a m e o n e p e r s o n a s a “b e s t f r ie n d " b e c a u s e y o u r
w h e n h e w e n t b a c k t o t h e U S , b u r b y th e n I c o u ld
o t h e r f r ie n d s w o u ld fe e l o ff e n d e d .
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S u r e , w e a ll lik e p e a c e a n d q u ie t . B u t in m y
o p i n io n , N e w Y o r k is p o s s ib ly ... w e ll, n o , is
s p e a k p r e tt y flu e n tly . W e d id n ’t e x a c t l y e n d up
A n y w a y , w e 'v e b e e n to g e t h e r f o r t w o y e a r s , a n d
d e f i n i t e l y th e g r e a t e s t c i t y in th e w o r ld . D o n ’t y o u
a s fr ie n d s , b u t I ’ll a lw a y s b e g r a t e f u l to h im fo r
w e s t ill h a v e d is a g r e e m e n t s . B u t, w e ’v e le a r n e d th a t
agree?
t h e E n g lis h I le a r n e d . S o m y tip i s t r y t o fin d a n
E n g l i s h - s p e a k i n g b o y fr ie n d o r g ir lf r ie n d .
a s lo n g a s w e ’r e a c o u p le , w e ’ll n e v e r c o m p le te ly a g r e e
I ’v e a lw a y s th o u g h t th a t l e a r n i n g v o c a b u la r y
m o s t im p o r ta n t ly . . . i t ’s O K t o a g r e e t o d is a g r e e !
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U m , w e ll, I h a v e t o say, L o n d o n ’s v e ry s p e c ia l. I t ’s
m o r e r e la x e d , i t ’s g o t g r e a t p a rk s a n d y o u c a n c y c le
th e n ew w o rd s a n d p h ra s e s I w a n t to re m e m b e r
e v e ry w h e re . I t ’s d a n g e ro u s t o c y c le i n N e w Y o rk !
in F r e n c h a n d in E n g l i s h , a n d th e n w h e n I g e t
Don W h y w o u ld y o u c y c le w h e n y o u c a n d r iv e a c a r ?
K erri Y o u c a n 't b e s e r io u s .
Don O K , I a g r e e , L o n d o n h a s i t s o w n p e c u li a r
c h a r m . B u t i f y o u a s k m e , n o t h i n g c o m p a r e s w it h
a q u ie t m o m e n t I t e s t m y s e l f It r e a lly h e lp s m e
r e m e m b e r n e w v o c a b u la r y . S o t h a t ’s m y tip . G e t
a v o c a b u la r y l e a r n i n g a p p f o r y o u r p h o n e .
a b o u t w h e t h e r o u r m a n n e r s a r e g o o d o r b a d , a n d th a t
3 8)))
Part 1
Interviewer
W h a t m a d e y o u w a n t to b e c o m e a
s o c c e r r e f e r e e , o r f o o t b a ll r e f e r e e a s y o u w o u ld
c a ll it?
Juan
M y f a t h e r w a s a r e f e r e e , b u t t h a t d id n ’t
I th i n k o n e o f (h e b ig p r o b le m s w h e n y o u ’re
l e a r n in g s o m e t h i n g n e w is m o tiv a t io n , s o m e t h i n g
i n f l u e n c e m e - i n f a c t , t h e o p p o s it e b e c a u s e I sa w
t o m a k e y o u c o n t in u e a n d n o t g iv e u p . S o m y
c h ild I w a s a lw a y s a t t r a c t e d b y t h e id e a o f b e in g
t o o m a n y p e o p le . E v e r y b o d y ’s s o s t r e s s e d o u t.
t i p is to b o o k y o u r s e l f a v a c a t io n i n a n E n g lis h -
a r e f e r e e , a n d a t s c h o o l I u s e d t o r e f e r e e a ll k in d s
A n d n o b o d y h a s a n y tim e fo r you .
s p e a k in g c o u n t r y o r a c o u n t r y w h e r e p e o p le
o f s p o r t s , b a s k e t b a ll, h a n d b a ll , v o lle y b a ll, a n d o f
s p e a k v e ry g o o d E n g l i s h , lik e t h e C a r ib b e a n , a s a
c o u r s e , f o o t b a ll . I w a s in v ite d t o jo i n t h e R e f e r e e ’s
5
a c it y l ik e N e w Y o r k . T h e w h o le w o r ld i s h e r e !
B u t t h a t ’s t h e p r o b le m . I r ’s t o o b ig . T h e r e a re
K erri
Jenny
I d o n ’t t h i n k t h a t ’s r ig h t , K e r r i . N e w Y o r k e r s
lit t l e re w a r d f o r y o u r s e lf , a n d s o y o u c a n a c tu a lly
a r e v e ry f r ie n d ly ...
K erri
p r a c t ic e y o u r E n g lis h . I t ’s r e a lly m o tiv a t in g
O h s u r e , t h e y c a n s o u n d f r ie n d ly w i t h a l l th a t
w h e n y o u g o s o m e w h e r e a n d fin d th a t p e o p le
“ H a v e a n ic e d a y " s t u f f . B u t I a lw a y s t h i n k i t ’s a
F e d e r a tio n w h e n I w a s o n ly 1 4 y e a r s o ld .
Interviewer W e r e y o u g o o d a t s p o r t s y o u r s e l f ?
Juan Y e s , I w a s a v e r y g o o d h a n d b a ll p la y e r. P e o p le
u n d e r s ta n d y o u a n d y o u c a n c o m m u n ic a t e ! L a s t
o fte n th in k th a t re fe re e s b e c o m e re fe re e s b eca u se
Y o u ’v e g o t t o b e k id d in g m e !
y e a r , I w e n t to th e B a h a m a s f o r a w e e k e n d , a n d I
th e y a r e f r u s t r a t e d s p o r t s m e n , b u t t h i s is ju s t n o t
I ’m s o r r y . I ’ll ju s t h a v e t o ta k e th i s ... H e llo ? ...
h a d a g r e a t t im e , a n d I s p o k e a l o t o f E n g lis h .
lit t l e b i t ... fa k e .
Don
Rob
a ll t h e p r o b le m s t h a t h e h a d a s a r e f e r e e . B u t a s a
Y e s ... Y o u ’r e w h o ? ... T h e ta x i d r iv e r ? ... W h a t did sh e
6
I f y o u love m u s ic , w h ic h I d o , m y tip i s t o liste n t o as
le a v e ? ... H e r c e ll p h o n e ... r ig h t . O K . Y e s , w e ’r e s till
m a n y s o n g s a s p o s s ib le in E n g lis h a n d th e n le a rn
a t t h e r e s ta u r a n t. S e e y o u in a b o u t fiv e m in u te s .
t o s in g th e m . I t ’s s o e a sy n o w a d a y s w it h Y o u T u b e.
F ir s t, i d o w n lo a d th e ly r ic s a n d t r y t o u n d e rs ta n d
2 32)))
K e r r i T h a n k y o u f o r a n ic e l u n c h , D o n .
Don Y o u ’r e w e lc o m e .
Waitress T h a n k s f o r c o m i n g , g u y s ! H a v e a n ic e day.
Don S e e ? N i c e , f r ie n d ly s e r v i c e .
K erri M a y b e . B u t I t h i n k s h e s a w t h e b ig t i p y o u
l e f t o n t h e ta b le !
Jenny
D id y o u m e a n w h a t y o u s a id in th e
r e s ta u ra n t, R o b ?
Rob D ici 1 m e a n w h a t?
Jenny A b o u t m i s s i n g L o n d o n ?
Rob S u r e , I m i s s i t , Je n n y .
Jenny R e a lly ?
Rob B u t h e y , n o t t h a t m u c h ! I t ’s ju s t t h a t m o v in g t o
a n e w p la c e i s a lw a y s d i f f i c u l t .
Jenny B u t y o u d o n 't r e g r e t c o i n i n g
Rob N o . . . n o . . . n o t a t a ll.
h ere , do you ?
tru e in m o s t c a s e s in m y e x p e rie n c e .
Interviewer
W h a t w a s t h e m o s t e x c i t i n g m a tc h
y o u ev er re fe re e d ?
Juan
I t ’s d i f f i c u l t t o c h o o s e o n e m a tc h a s t h e m o s t
e x c itin g . I re m e m b e r s o m e o f th e R e a l M a d r id -
th e m . T h e n I s in g a lo n g w it h th e s in g e r a n d t r y to
B a r c e l o n a m a t c h e s , f o r e x a m p le t h e f i r s t o n e I
c o p y th e w a y h e o r sh e s in g s - t h is is fa n ta s t ic fo r
y o u r p r o n u n c ia tio n . T h e n o n c e 1 c a n d o it w e ll, 1 g o
e v e r r e fe r e e d . T h e a tm o s p h e r e w a s in c r e d i b l e in
b a c k to Y o u T u b e a n d g e t a k a r a o k e v e rsio n o f th e
s o n g , a n d th e n 1 s in g it. I t ’s fu n a n d y o u r E n g lis h
w ill re a lly im p ro v e a s a re su lt.
2 48)))
t h e s t a d iu m . B u t r e a lly i t ’s i m p o s s i b le t o p ic k ju s t
o n e - th e r e h a v e b e e n s o m a n y .
Interviewer
W h a t w a s th e w o r s t e x p e r ie n c e you
e v e r h a d a s a r e fe r e e ?
Juan
T h e w o r s t? W e l l , t h a t w a s s o m e t h i n g th a t
h a p p e n e d v e r y e a r ly in m y c a r e e r . 1 w a s o n ly 1 6 ,
I a lw a y s th o u g h t t h a t g o o d m a n n e r s w e r e g o o d
a n d i w a s r e f e r e e i n g a m a t c h in a to w n i n S p a i n ,
m a n n e r s w h e r e v e r y o u w e r e in t h e w o r ld . B u t th a t
a n d t h e h o m e t e a m lo s t . A f t e r t h e m a t c h , I w a s
w a s u n t i l m e t m y b o y f r ie n d l a s o n , w h o is fr o m
a t t a c k e d a n d in ju r e d b y t h e p la y e r s o f t h e h o m e
B u r m a — a l s o k n o w n a s M y a n m a r . W e m e t in
t e a m a n d b y t h e s p e c t a t o r s . A f t e r a ll t h e s e y e a r s I
u p s ta te N e w Y o r k , w h e n w e w e r e b o t l i s t u d e n t s in
c a n s till re m e m b e r a m o th e r, w h o h ad a little bab y
c o lle g e . W h e n w e f i r s t g o t t o k n o w e a c h o t h e r , w e
in h e r a rm s , w h o w a s tr y in g to h it m e . S h e w a s so
w e r e a lw a y s s u r r o u n d e d b y a g r o u p o f f r ie n d s . I lik e d
a n g r y w it h m e t h a t s h e n e a r ly d r o p p e d h e r b a b y .
) a s o n b e c a u s e h e w a s f u n n y a n d k in d , a n d I c o u ld te ll
T h a t w a s m y w o r s t m o m e n t , a n d it n e a r ly m a d e
h e lik e d m e , b u t w e n e v e r s p e n t a n y t i m e a lo n e .
m e s to p b ei n g a re fe re e .
Listening
125
languagedownload.ir
Interviewer
D o y o u t h i n k t h a t t h e r e 's m o r e
3 24)))
c h e a t i n g in s o c c e r th a n in t h e p a s t?
Juan Y e s , I t h i n k s o .
Interviewer W h y ?
Juan I t h i n k i t 's b e c a u s e
t h e r e ’s s o m u c h m o n e y
i n f o o t b a l l to d a y t h a t i t ’s b e c o m e m u c h m o r e
im p o r t a n t t o w i n . A l s o f o o t b a ll is m u c h f a s t e r
th a n ii u s e d t o b e , s o i t ’s m u c h m o r e d i f f i c u l t fo r
r e f e r e e s t o d e t e c t c h e a t in g .
Interviewer H o w d o s o c c e r p la y e r s c h e a t ?
Juan O h , th e r e a r e m a n y w a y s, b u t f o r m e t h e
w o rst
t h i n g in f o o t b a ll to d a y is w h a t w e c a l l “s im u la tio n .”
S im u la tio n i s w h e n a p la y e r p r e te n d s t o h a v e
b e e n fo u le d w h e n i n f a c t h e h a s n ’t . F o r e x a m p le ,
s o m e t im e s a p la y e r fa lls o v e r in t h e p e n a lty a r e a
w h e n , in f a c t, n o b o d y h a s to u c h e d h im a n d t h is
c a n r e s u lt in t h e r e fe r e e g iv in g a p e n a lty w h e n it
w a s n ’t a p e n a lty . In m y o p in io n , w h e n a p la y e r d o e s
t h i s h e ’s c h e a t i n g n o t o n ly t h e r e fe r e e , n o t o n ly th e
p la y e rs o f t h e o t h e r te a m , b u t a ls o t h e s p e c t a to r s ,
b e c a u s e s p e c t a t o r s pay m o n e y t o s e e a f a ir c o n t e s t .
W h a t ’s t h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t t h i n g a b o u t
T h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t t h i n g i s t o m a k e t h e r ig h t
d e c i s i o n s d u r i n g a m a t c h . I t ’s d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e
y o u h a v e t o m a k e d e c i s i o n s w h e n e v e r y t h i n g ’s
h a p p e n in g s o q u ic k ly - f o o t b a ll to d a y is v e ry
f a s t . Y o u m u s t r e m e m b e r t h a t e v e r y t h i n g is
h a p p e n in g a t 1 0 0 k ilo m e tr e s a n h o u r. A ls o
i m p o r t a n t d e c i s i o n s o f t e n d e p e n d o n t h e r e f e r e e ’s
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e r u l e s . T h i n g s a r e n ’t b la c k
a n d w h i t e . A n d o f c o u r s e m a k i n g d e c i s i o n s w o u ld
b e m u c h e a s ie r i f p la y e r s d id n ’t c h e a t.
D o y o u t h i n k t h a t t h e id e a o f f a i r p la y
Interviewer
d o e s n ’t e x i s t a n y m o r e ?
Juan
N o t a t a ll.
I th in k
f a i r p la y d o e s e x i s t - d i e
p la y e r s w h o c h e a t a r e t h e e x c e p t i o n s .
Interviewer
F in a lly , w h o d o y o u t h i n k i s th e b e s t
p la y e r r i g h t n o w ?
Juan
I t h i n k m o s t p e o p le a g r e e t h a t t h e b e s t
f o o t b a ll e r to d a y i s L e o M e s s i.
Interviewer W h y d o y o u t h i n k lie ’s s o g o o d ?
Juan I t ’s h a r d t o s a y w h a t m a k e s h im s o s p e c ia l, b u t
a s tu d y w a s d o n e o n h im w h ic h s h o w e d t h a t M e s s i
c a n ru n f a s t e r w it h t h e b a ll th a n m a n y f o o t b a lle r s
c a n d o w it h o u t t h e b a ll. A p a r t fr o m h is g r e a t
a b ility , w h a t I a ls o lik e a b o u t h im is t h a t h e is n ’t th e
ty p ic a l s u p e r s t a r f o o t b a lle r . Y o u c a n s e e t h a t he
e n jo y s p la y in g fo o t b a ll, a n d h e b e h a v e s i n p u b lic
a n d in h is p e r s o n a l life in a v e ry n o r m a l w ay . T h a t ’s
u n u s u a l w h e n y o u t h i n k h o w f a m o u s h e is. A n d
w h a t’s m o r e h e d o e s n ’t c h e a t - h e d o e s n ’t n e e d to !
H e llo , a n d w e lc o m e t o
Forum , t h e p r o g r a m
t h a t a s k s y o u w h a t y o u t h i n k a b o u t c u r r e n t to p ic s .
T o d a y M a r t h a P a r k w i l l b e t a l k in g a b o u t th e
s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s ite F a c e b o o k , h o w w e u s e it,
h o w m u c h w e l ik e it - o r d i s l i k e it. S o g e t re a d y to
c a l l u s , o r t e x t u s a n d t e ll u s w h a t y o u t h i n k . T h e
n u m b e r a s a lw a y s i s 5 5 5 - 4 3 1 8 . M a r t h a .
Martha
H e l l o . S i n c e F a c e b o o k w a s f i r s t la u n c h e d
in 2 0 0 4 , a lo t o f r e s e a r c h h a s b e e n d o n e t o fin d
o u t w h a t k in d o f p e o p le u s e it, w h a t th e y u s e it fo r ,
a n d w h a t e f f e c t it h a s o n t h e i r liv e s . A c c o r d in g
t o a r e c e n t s tu d y b y c o n s u m e r r e s e a r c h s p e c i a l i s t
I n t e r s p e r i e n c e , t h e a v e r a g e 2 2 y e a r o ld in B r it a in
h a s o v e r 1 , 0 0 0 o n li n e f r ie n d s . In f a c t , 2 2 s e e m s to
b e t h e a g e a t w h ic h t h e n u m b e r o f f r ie n d s p e a k s .
It a l s o a p p e a r s t h a t w o m e n h a v e s lig h tly m o r e
o n li n e f r ie n d s t h a n m e n . A n d a n o t h e r s t u d y fr o m
a n A m e r ic a n u n iv e r s ity s h o w s t h a t p e o p le w h o
sp e n d a lo t o f tim e o n F a c e b o o k r e a d in g o th e r
p e o p le ’s p o s t s te n d to fe e l m o r e d i s s a t i s f i e d w ith
t h e i r o w n liv e s , b e c a u s e th e y fe e l th a t e v e r y o n e
e ls e is h a v in g a b e t t e r t i m e th a n t h e y a r e .
S o , o v e r to y o u . D o y o u u se F a c e b o o k ? H o w
d o y o u fe e l a b o u t i t? C a n y o u r e a lly h a v e 1 , 0 0 0
f r ie n d s ? A r e s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s i t e s m a k i n g u s
u n h a p p y ? C a l I in a n d s h a r e y o u r e x p e r i e n c e s . ..
126
1 h a v e a lo t o f fr ie n d s .
Martha H o w m a n y f r ie n d s d o y o u h a v e , Y o u n g ?
Young R i g h t n o w , I h a v e 1 , 0 4 2 .
Martha A n d h o w m a n y o f t h e m d o y o u k n o w
p e r s o n a lly ?
Young A b o u t h a l f m a y b e ?
Martha A n d w h a t d o y o u u s e F a c e b o o k fo r ?
Young F o r m e , i t ’s a g o o d w a y t o g e t in to u c h w ith
m y f r ie n d s w it h o u t h a v in g t o u s e t h e p h o n e a ll th e
t i m e . W h e n I ’m h a v in g a b u s y w e e k a t s c h o o l , I
c a n c h a n g e m y s t a t u s s o I c a n le i m y fr ie n d s k n o w
I c a n ’t g o o u t. T h a t ’s a lo t e a s i e r t h a n w a s t i n g tim e
t e l li n g p e o p le “s o r r y I ’m t o o b u s y to g e t t o g e t h e r .”
I t ’s ju s t e a s i e r a n d q u ic k e r th a n u s in g t h e p h o n e .
Host
T h a n k s , Y o u n g . W e h a v e a n o t h e r c a l le r , i t 's
B e t h . H e llo , B e t h . '
Listening
M artha W h y ’s t h a t B e t h ?
Beth W e l l , t w o r e a s o n s . F i r s t , I d o n ’t s p e n d
m u ch
t i m e o n l i n e . I p la y a l o t o f s p o r t s - I ’m o n a h o c k e y
t e a m , s o I m e e t m y te a m m a t e s a l m o s t e v e r y day,
a n d w e d o n ’t n e e d to c o m m u n i c a t e o n F a c e b o o k .
Martha A n d t h e o t h e r r e a s o n ?
Beth I ju s t d o n ’t r e a lly l ik e t h e w h o le
id e a o f s o c i a l
n e t w o r k i n g s i t e s . I m e a n , w h y w o u ld I w a n t to
t e ll t h e w h o le w o r ld e v e r y t h i n g t h a t I ’m d o in g ? I
d o n ’t w a n t to s h a r e m y p e r s o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n w ith
t h e w o r ld a n d b e c o m e f r ie n d s w it h p e o p le I d o n ’t
e v e n k n o w . A n d I d o n ’t w a n t t o r e a d w h a t o t h e r
p e o p le h a d f o r b r e a k f a s t o r lu n c h o r d i n n e r o r
w h a t th e y 'r e p l a n n i n g t o d o t h i s w e e k e n d .
Host
T h a n k s f o r t h a t , B e t h . O u r n e x t c a l le r is
E m m a . I t ’s y o u r t u r n , E m m a .
I o n ly r e a lly u s e it t o k e e p u p w i t h f r ie n d s w h o
h a v e m o v e d a b r o a d o r liv e t o o f a r a w a y f o r us
t o m e e t r e g u la r ly . F o r e x a m p le , o n e o f m y b e s t
f r ie n d s r e c e n t ly m o v e d t o C a n a d a , a n d w e c h a t o n
F a c e b o o k . B u t 1 n e v e r a d d f r ie n d s w h o a r e p e o p le
I h a r d ly k n o w . I ju s t c a n ’t u n d e r s t a n d th o s e
p e o p le w h o c o ll e c t h u n d r e d s o r e v e n th o u s a n d s
o f F a c e b o o k f r ie n d s ! I t h i n k i t ’s ju s t c o m p e t i t i o n ,
p e o p le w h o w a n t t o m a k e it s e e m t h a t t h e y ’re
m o r e p o p u la r th a n e v e r y b o d y e ls e .
S o y o u t h i n k t h e F a c e b o o k w o r ld i s k in d
o fu n r e a l?
A b s o lu te ly .
Ith in k
p e o p le w r i t e t h i n g s a n d
p o s t p h o t o s o f t h e m s e l v e s ju s t to s h o w e v e r y o n e
th e y k n o w w h a t a f a n t a s t i c t i m e t h e y ’r e h a v in g
a n d w h a t e x c i t i n g liv e s th e y le a d . B u t t h e y ’re
p r o b a b ly ju s t s i t t i n g a t h o m e in f r o n t o f t h e
c o m p u t e r a ll t h e t im e .
Host
a c tu a lly . S c o t t a n d I . . . w e ’r e g e t t i n g m a r r ie d !
Jenny Y o u 'r e w h a t? C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s !
Monica T h a n k y o u !
Jenny W h e n d id y o u g e t e n g a g e d ?
Monica O n l y a fe w d a y s a g o . I ’m g la d I s a w
you
a c tu a lly . I w a s g o i n g t o c a ll y o u . W e ’v e o n ly to ld
fa m ily s o fa r .
Jenny I c a n 't b e lie v e
it. M o n ic a t h e w i f e ! A n d to
t h i n k y o u u s e d to g o c l u b b i n g e v e r y n ig h t!
Monica
W e l l , t h a t w a s a fe w y e a r s a g o ! A l l
I w ant
T h a n k s f o r t h a t , E m m a . W e h a v e t i m e fo r
N e d . Y o u 'l l h a v e t o b e q u ic k .
Martha H i , N e d .
Ned H i . W h e n I s t a r te d o f f w ith
Jenny A n d h o w a r e t h e p la n s c o m i n g a lo n g ?
Monica I h a v e n ’t d o n e a n y t h i n g y e t . M y m o m
and
S c o t t ’s m o m w a n t t o o r g a n i z e t h e w h o le t h i n g
th e m s e lv e s !
Jenny T h a t ’s w h a t m o t h e r s a r e f o r !
Monica T r u e . B u t w h a t a b o u t y o u ? Y o u lo o k fa n ta s tic .
Jenny W e l l , I g u e s s I ’m k in d o f h a p p y , t o o .
Monica U h - h u h . W h a t ’s h i s n a m e ?
Jenny R o b .
Monica Y o u ’v e b e e n k e e p in g h im v e ry q u ie t ! Is it
s e r io u s ?
Jenny U rn , it’s k in d o f, y o u k n o w ...
Monica S o it is!
Jenny I t ’s s t i l l e a r ly . W e h a v e n ’t b e e n
t o g e t h e r fo r
lo n g . H e o n ly m o v e d h e r e f r o m L o n d o n a fe w
m o n t h s a g o ...
Monica
W h a t ? H e ’s B r i t i s h ? A n d y o u t h i n k y o u
w o n ’t b e e a s y !
Jenny
I t h i n k h e l i k e s it h e r e . Y o u k n o w h o w g u y s
a r e , y o u n e v e r k n o w w h a t t h e y ’r e th i n k i n g .
Monica W h e n c a n I m e e t h im ?
Jenny U h ... t h a t ’s h im n o w .
3 26)))
Rob D o y o u m i n d i f l jo i n y o u ?
Monica O f c o u r s e n o t. C o m e o n , s i t d o w n .
Rob T h a n k y o u .
Monica I h a v e t o le a v e in a m i n u t e a n y w a y .
Rob C o u ld I h a v e a la r g e la t t e , p le a s e ?
W aiter O f c o u r s e .
Jenny R o b , t h i s is M o n ic a .
Monica N i c e to m e e t y o u , R o b .
Rob Y o u t o o , M o n ic a . Y o u k n o w , J e n n y t a l k s a b o u t
y o u a l o t . A n d I ’v e s e e n c o lle g e p h o t o s o f y o u tw o
to g e th e r . A i je n n y ’s p a r e n t s ' h o u s e .
Jenny O f c o u r s e y o u h a v e . M y d a d ’s p h o to s .
Rob Y o u 'v e h a r d ly c h a n g e d a t a ll.
Monica W h a t a n ic e m a n ! I c a n s e e w h y y o u
lik e
h im , Je n n y . T h e p e r f e c t E n g lis h g e n t le m a n .
o n e m o r e c a l le r b e f o r e t h e n e w s , a n d i t ’s N e d . H i,
F a ceb o o k , (th o u g h t
it w a s g r e a t, a n d I u s e d it t o c o m m u n ic a t e w ith c lo s e
fr ie n d s a n d w it h fa m ily , a n d 1 g o t b a c k i n to u c h w ith
o ld fr ie n d s fr o m s c h o o l, i t w a s g o o d b e c a u s e a ll th e
p e o p le 1 w a s fr ie n d s w ith o n F a c e b o o k w e re p e o p le
I k n e w , a n d I w a s in t e r e s te d in w h a t th e y w e re
d o in g . B u t th e n I s t a r te d a d d in g fr ie n d s , p e o p le 1
h a rd ly k n e w w h o w e re fr ie n d s o f fr ie n d s , p e o p le
lik e t h a t - i n th e e n d , I h a d m o r e t h a n a 1 , 0 0 0 - an d
ii ju s t b e c a m e ioo m u c h . I t w a s ju s t t o o m a n y
p e o p le le a v in g u p d a te s, w r it in g m e s s a g e s o n m y
w a ll. S o la s t m o n th I d e c id e d t o d e le te m o s t o f
t h e m . It to o k m e a b o u t h a lf a n h o u r i o d e le te , a n d in
th e e n d , th e o n ly p e o p le I le ft w e re a c tu a l, r e a l- lif e
fr ie n d s a n d fa m ily , a n d o ld s c h o o l fr ie n d s . I g o t it
d o w n t o 9 9 . I t w a s r e a lly lib e ra tin g .
Host
c o m e o n . F iv e m in u te s !
Jenny S o , h o w i s e v e r y t h in g ?
Monica O h , g r e a t . T h i n g s c o u ld n ’t b e b e t t e r
c a n p e r s u a d e h im t o s ta y i n N e w Y o r k ? T h a t
Martha H i, E m m a
Emma H i, M a r t h a .
Martha A n d d o y o u u s e F a c e b o o k , E m m a ?
Emma I u s e it o n c e i n a w h i l e , b u t n o t v e ry m u c h .
M a rth a
Jenny M o n ic a !
Monica ]e n n y !
Jenny W o w ! H o w a r e y o u ? Y o u lo o k g r e a t!
Monica T h a n k s , je n n y ! Y o u lo o k r e a lly g o o d , to o .
Jenny H ey , w h y d o n ’t w e g e t s o m e c o f f e e ?
Monica I ’d lo v e t o , b u t I ’m o n t h e w a y t o m e e t ... o h ,
to d o n o w i s s t a y in a n d r e a d w e d d in g m a g a z in e s .
H i. U h , I d o n ’t u s e F a c e b o o k o r a n y o t h e r
Emma
3 23)))
Host
l if e a n d k e e p in t o u c h w it h y o u r fr ie n d s .
s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s ite .
b e in g a re fe re e ?
Juan
I t h i n k i t 's a g r e a t w a y t o , u h , o r g a n i z e y o u r s o c ia l
Beth
3 9)))
Part 2
Interviewer
3 25)))
Host A n d o u r f i r s t c a lle r i s Y o u n g . G o a h e a d , Y o u n g .
Young H i . U h , y e a h , I u s e F a c e b o o k a lo t, e v e ry day.
T h a n k s , N e d , a n d w e ’ll b e b a c k a f t e r th e
n e w s, s o k eep th o s e c a lls c o m in g .
W aiter Y o u r la tte .
Rob O h , th a n k s . C a n y o u p a s s t h e s u g a r ?
Jenny S u r e .
Monica S o r r y g u y s , b u t I h a v e t o g o .
Rob Y o u ’r e s u r e I h a v e n ’t in t e r r u p t e d a n y t h i n g ?
Monica N o t a t a ll. I t's ju s t t h a t I h a v e t o m e e t
s o m e o n e . B u t l e t ’s g e t t o g e t h e r v e ry s o o n .
Jenny W e w ill!
Monica B y e , R o b . N ic e m e e t i n g y o u .
Rob B y e .
Jenny B y e . T a lk s o o n .
Rob S h e s e e m s lik e a h a p p y p e r s o n .
Jenny S h e is , e s p e c i a l l y r ig h t n o w - s h e ’s g e t t i n g
m a r r ie d .
Rob T h a t ’s f a n t a s t i c n e w s !
Jenny Y e a h , it is . I g u e s s w e ’r e
at th a t age now .
W h e n m o s t o f o u r f r ie n d s a r e s e t t l i n g d o w n a n d
g e t t i n g m a r r ie d .
Rob
Y e a h ... O h , s p e a k i n g o f f r ie n d s , I w a n t t o a s k
y o u a fa v o r . I s it O K i f w e c h a n g e o u r p la n s a b it
th is w eek?
Jenny
U h ... s u r e . W h a t ’s u p ?
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Rob
I ’v e ju s t h a d a c a ll fr o m a n o ld fr ie n d o f m in e ,
P a u l. I h a v e n 't s e e n h im s i n c e w e w e re a t u n iv e rsity ,
a n d h e ’s tr a v e lin g a r o u n d th e S t a t e s a t t h e m o m e n t.
A n y w a y , h e ’s a r r iv in g in N e w Y o rk t h i s e v e n in g
a n d , u h ... I ’v e in v ite d h im t o s ta y f o r t h e w e e k .
Jenny
C o o l ! I t ’ll b e f u n t o m e e t o n e o f y o u r o ld
f r ie n d s ! W h a t ’s h e lik e ?
Rob
O h , P a u l’s a la u g h . H e u s e d t o b e a b i t w ild , b u t
t h a t w a s a l o n g t i m e a g o . H e 's p r o b a b ly c h a n g e d
c o m p le te ly .
Jenny W e l l , I ’m l o o k i n g fo r w a r d t o m e e t i n g h im .
Rob J u s t o n e o t h e r t h in g . C o u ld y o u d o m e a b ig
f a v o r ? i h a v e to w o r k la te t h i s e v e n in g s o ... w o u ld
y o u m in d m e e t i n g h i m a t t h e a i r p o r t ?
Jenny N o t a t a ll.
Rob A n d d o y o u
I ’d lik e t o m e e t h im .
t h i n k y o u c o u ld ta k e h im t o m y
f l a t ? I ’ll g iv e y o u t h e k e y s.
Jenny N o p r o b le m , R o b .
Rob T h a n k s s o m u c h , ]e n n y . Y o u ’r e
a re a l sta r.
3 29)))
Paul
Rob
Paul
Rob
H ey, m a n !
P a u l!
I t ’s g r e a t t o s e e y o u , m a te .
Y o u t o o , P a u l. I t ’s b e e n y e a r s . Y o u h a v e n ’t
c h a n g e d a t a ll.
P a u l J u s t g o t b e t t e r l o o k in g !
Rob H o w c o m e y o u 'r e s o la te ?
Jenny P a u l's f l i g h t f r o m L A w a s d e la y e d . A n d
th e n
t h e t r a f f i c c o m i n g b a c k w a s ju s t a w f u l.
P a u l B u t th a t gav e u s tim e to g e t to k n o w ea c h
o th e r .
Jenny
Y e a h . P a u l to ld m e a ll a b o u t h i s tr a v e ls .
E v e r y d e ta il.
Paul
A n d lo o k a t t h i s . Y o u r o w n N e w Y o r k f i a t .
H o w c o o l i s th a t ?
Rob I t ’s g o o d . R e a l l y g o o d . B u t - d o y o u w a n t
s o m e t h i n g t o e a t ? I g o t s o m e t h i n g s o n m y w ay
hom e.
Paul
S t a y in ? I t ’s m y f i r s t n ig h t in t h e B ig A p p le !
L e t ’s g o o u t a n d h a v e a p iz z a o r s o m e t h in g .
Rob 1 th o u g h t y o u ’d b e ti r e d a f t e r t h e f lig h t.
Paul N o w a y , m a n ! I ’m r e a d y f o r a c t i o n .
Rob G r e a t ! I ’l l g e t m y ja c k e t . ..
Jenny R o b , I t h i n k I 'l l g o h o m e i f y o u d o n ’t m in d . I,
u h , I ’m e x h a u s te d .
Rob
Paul
Rob
Paul
O h , O K th e n .
S o i t ’s a b o y s ’ n ig h t o u t!
Ju s t lik e t h e o ld d a y s !
A n d a f t e r t h e p iz z a w e c a n g o o n s o m e w h e r e
e l s e . R o b , w e ’v e g o t a lo t t o t a l k a b o u t !
Listening
127
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1A
simple present and continuous, action and
nonaction verbs
• W e use the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s (not the s im p le present)
fo r a c tio n s in p ro g re ss at the tim e o f s p e a k in g , e.g., th in g s
th a t are h a p p e n in g n o w o r a ro u n d now . T h e s e are u s u a lly
te m p o ra ry , n o t h a b itu a l a ctio n s.
s im p le p r e s e n t : / liv e , h e w o rk s , e t c .
• R e m e m b e r the s p e llin g ru le s, e.g.,
living, studying, getting.
1 I w o r k in a b a n k . S h e s t u d ie s R u s s ia n .
1 10)})
W e d o n ’ t h a v e an y pets. Jack d o e s n ’ t w e a r glasses.
W h e r e d o y o u liv e ? D o e s y o u r b ro th e r h a v e a car?
• W e a lso use the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s fo r fu tu re a rra n g e m e n ts
2 She u s u a lly h a s ce rea l fo r b re a kfa st.
I ’m ne ve r late fo r w o rk .
a c t io n a n d n o n a c t io n v e r b s
(see I B ) .
A W h a t are y o u cooking?
B I’m making pasta.
W e o n ly e a t o u t a b o u t o n ce a m o n th .
1 W e use the s im p le p re se n t fo r th in g s th a t are a lw a ys tru e o r
ha p p e n re g u la rly .
• R e m e m b e r the s p e llin g ru le s fo r th ir d p e rso n s in g u la r, e.g.,
lives, studies, watches.
• R e m e m b e r the w o rd o rd e r fo r qu e stio ns: (q u e stio n w ord ),
a u x ilia r y , subject, base fo rm o f verb. Do you know David?
What time does the movie start?
2 W e o fte n use the s im p le p resen t w ith ad verb s o ffre q u e n c y ,
e.g., usually, never, o r e x p re ss io n s o f fre q u e n cy, e.g., every day,
once a week.
• A d v e rb s o f fre q u e n cy g o b e fore the m a in verb, an d a fte r be.
• E x p re s s io n s o f fre q u e n c y u s u a lly go at the end o f the
A G re a t! I lo v e pasta.
A W h a t are y o u looking for?
B M y c a r keys.
A I 'll h e lp y o u in a m in u te .
B B u t I need th e m now !
• V e rb s th at d e s c rib e actions, e.g., cook, make, ca n be used
in the s im p le p re se n t o r c o n tin u o u s . I’m m aking lunch.
I usually m ake lunch on the weekend.
• V e rb s th at d e s c rib e states o r feelings (not actio n s), e.g., love,
need, be, are nonaction verbs. T h e y are n o t u s u a lly used in
the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s , even i f w e m ean “n o w .”
agree, be, believe, belong,
depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need,
prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose.
sentence o r verb p h rase.
• C o m m o n n o n a c tio n verbs are
p r e s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e r b + - in g
A W h o a r c you w a it i n g fo r?
B I ’m w a it i n g fo r a frie n d .
1 ID ))
P
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e s im p le p r e s e n t o r
p r e s e n t c o n t in u o u s f o r m s o f th e v e r b s i n p a r e n th e s e s ) .
We
doii’t go to C h in e s e r e s ta u r a n ts v e r y o fte n , (n o t go)
1 T h e s e d a ys, m o s t c h ild r e n _________ to o m a n y s u g a ry
s n a c k s , (have)
2 _________ y o u __________a n y v it a m in s r ig h t n o w ? (take)
3 D o n 't e at t h a t s p in a c h i f y o u _________ it. (n o t lik e )
4 _________ y o u r b o y f r ie n d __________h o w to c o o k
fis h ? (k n o w )
5 W e _________ ta k e -o u t p iz z a s d u r in g th e w eek, (not get)
6 W h a t _________ y o u r m o t h e r __________ ? It s m e lls
g re a t! (m ake)
7 Y o u lo o k sa d . W h a t _________ y o u __________
a b o u t? ( th in k )
8 T h e d ie t in m y c o u n t r y _________ w o rs e , (get)
9 H o w o f t e n _________ y o u __________s e a fo o d ? (eat)
10 I _________ u s u a lly __________ fis h , (n o t c o o k )
Verbs than can be both action and nonaction
A fe w verbs have an action and a nonaction meaning,
e.g., have and think.
I have a cat now. = possession (nonaction)
I can't talk now. I'm having lunch. = an action
1think this music's great. = opinion (nonaction)
What are you thinking about? = an a ction
A Is y o u r s is te r s t ill g o in g o u t w it h A d a m ?
B N o , they b ro k e up. She i s n ’ t g o in g o u t w ith anyone
rig h t now.
a
1 12)))
b
(C i r c l e ) th e c o r r e c t f o r m , s im p le p r e s e n t, o r c o n t in u o u s .
(T d oift belieyfoj I ’m not believing th a t y o u c o o k e d t h is
m e a l y o u r s e lf.
1 C o m e o n , le t ’s o rd e r. T h e w a ite r
2 K a te
comes / is coming.
doesn’t want / isn’t wanting to h a v e d in n e r n o w .
S h e is n ’t h u n g ry .
3 T h e h e a d c h e f is s ic k , s o h e
doesn’t work / isn’t working
to day.
seems / is seeming v e r y h ig h to m e.
5 W e 'v e h a d a n a rg u m e n t, s o w e don’t speak /
aren't speaking to e a ch o th e r r ig h t n o w .
4 T h e check
thinks / is thinking m y d ie t is a w f u l th e s e days.
7 D o we need / Are we needing to g o s h o p p in g to d a y ?
6 M y m om
I have / I ’m having lu n c h r ig h t n o w .
9 i d id n 't u s e to lik e o ily f is h , b u t n o w I love / I ’m loving it!
8 C a n I c a ll y o u b a c k ?
10 W h a t
do you cook / are you cooking? It s m e lls d e lic io u s !
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GRAMMAR BANK
IB
going to sh o w s th a t y o u have m ade a d e cisio n .
We’re going to get married next year.
future forms
-
b e g o in g t o + b a s e fo r m
- the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s e m p h a s ize s th a t y o u have m ade
the a rra n g e m e n ts. We’re getting married on October 12th.
(= w e've o rd e re d the in v ita tio n s , etc.)
future plans and intentions
1 17)))
M y s is te r’s going to adopt a c h ild .
Are y o u going to buy a new' c a r o r a used one?
I’m not going to go to N e w Y o r k C it y to m o rro w . T h e
• W e o fte n use the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s w ith verb s re la tin g
to tra v e l a rra n g e m e n ts, e.g., go, come, arrive, leave, etc.
I’m going to Tokyo tomorrow and coming back on Tuesday.
m e e tin g is canceled.
w ill + b a s e fo r m
predictions
1 18)))
instant decisions, promises, offers, predictions,
future facts, suggestions
I ’ l l have the steak, (in s ta n t d e cisio n )
I won’t tell a n y b o d y w h e re y o u are. (p ro m ise )
I ’ l l carry th a t bag fo r y o u . (offer)
are going to win. T h e y 're p la y in g re a lly w e ll.
L o o k at th o se b la c k clo u d s. I t h in k i t ’s going to rain.
T h e Yankees
• W e use going to ( N O T will / won’t) w h e n w e have a lre a d y
d e cid e d to d o so m e th in g . N O T My sister will adop rcrchikh
1 20)))
Y o u ’ l l lo v e N e w Y o r k C it y ! (p re d ic tio n )
• W e a ls o use going to to m ake a p re d ic tio n a b o u t the fu tu re ,
e s p e c ia lly w h e n y o u can see o r have so m e e vidence
I ’ l l b e ho m e a ll a fte rn o o n , (fu tu re fact)
(e.g., b la c k clouds).
I’ll have the steak.
p r e s e n t c o n t in u o u s : b e + v e r b + - in g
future arrangements
1 19)))
L o r n a an d Jam es are getting m a rrie d in O c to b e r.
We’re meeting at 10 :00 to m o rro w in ja c k 's office.
Jane’s leaving o n F rid a y a n d coming back n e xt Tuesday.
W e use will / won’t ( N O T the sim ple present) fo r in stant decisions,
Icarry that bagforyou.
• W e ca n a lso use will / won’t fo r p re d ic tio n s , e.g., I think the
Yankees will win, an d to ta lk a b o u t fu tu re fa cts, e.g., The
election will be on March 1st.
p ro m ise s, o ffe rs, an d su ggestions. N O T
• W e o fte n use the presen t c o n tin u o u s fo r fu tu re a rra n g em e n ts.
• T h e re is v e ry litt le d iffe re n c e b e tw e e n the p re se n t c o n tin u o u s
an d going to fo r fu tu re p la n s / a rra n g e m e n ts, an d o fte n you
can use either.
a
( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t f o r m . C h e c k / th e
b C o m p le t e B ’s r e p lie s w it h a c o r r e c t f u t u r e f o r m .
s e n te n c e i f b o t h a r e p o s s ib le .
M y g ra n d p a re n ts
are going to retire / will retire
n e x t year. /
1
We’Uinvite / We’re going to in v it e y o u r
2 A W h a t a re A la n 's p la n s f o r th e fu tu re ?
B H e _________ a d e g re e in e n g in e e rin g , (earn)
3 A C a n I see y o u to n ig h t?
I ’m not having / I ’m not going to have d in n e r
w it h m y f a m ily to n ig h t.
4 T h e exam
will be / is being o n th e la s t F r id a y
B N o , I _________ la te . H o w a b o u t S a tu rd a y ? (w o rk )
4 A W h a t w o u ld y o u lik e f o r a n a p p e tiz e r ?
B I _________ th e s h r im p , p le a se , (have)
o f th e se m e ster.
5 Y o u c a n t r u s t m e.
I ’m not telling / 1 won’t tell
5 A T h e r e ’s n o t h in g in th e r e fr ig e r a to r .
B O K . _________ w e __________s o m e ta k e -o u t M e x ic a n fo o d ? (get)
a n y o n e w h a t y o u to ld m e.
6 M y c o u s in
is arriving / will arrive at 5 :3 0 p.m .
7 I t h in k th e b ir t h r a t e
6 A I d o n ’t h a v e a n y m o n e y , s o I c a n 't go out.
B N o p r o b le m , I _________ y o u s o m e , (le n d )
will go down / is going to
go down in m y c o u n t r y in th e n e x t fe w y e a rs.
8 I ’m not going to go / I won’t go to m y b r o th e r in - la w ’s p a r t y n e x t w e e k e n d .
9
S h e’s going to buy a u s e d o n e , (buy)
B D o n 't w o r r y . I p r o m is e I _________ e v e ry day. (w rite )
I’m going to m ake / I ’ll m ake a c a k e f o r y o u r
m o m 's b irth d a y , i f y o u w a n t.
3
B
1 A I’m g o in g to m is s y o u .
p a re n ts f o r S u n d a y lu n c h ?
2
A W h a t 's y o u r s te p m o th e r g o in g to d o a b o u t h e r c a r?
7 A C a n w e h a v e a b a rb e c u e t o m o r r o w ?
B I d o n ’t t h in k so. O n th e r a d io th e y s a id th a t i t _________ . (ra in )
8 A W e la n d a t a b o u t e ig h t o ’c lo c k .
B
I ’m going to help / I ’ll help y o u w it h th e dish e s.
_________ y o u __________a r id e f r o m th e a ir p o r t ? (need)
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2A
present perfect and simple past
s im p le p a s t (w o r k e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, h a d , e tc .)
present perfect: h a v e / h a s + past participle (w o rk e d , s e e n , etc.)
got m a r rie d la st year.
1 43)))
did y o u wake up th is m o rn in g ?
I didn’t have tim e to d o m y h o m e w o rk .
They
W h a t tim e
1 past experiences
I’ve been to M ia m i b u t l haven’t been to T a m pa .
1 42)))
H a v e y o u e ve r lo s t y o u r c re d it card?
S a lly has never met B i l l ’s e x-w ife .
2
• U se the s im p le p ast fo r fin is h e d p ast a c tio n s
(w h e n w e say, ask, o r k n o w w h e n they happened).
with yet and already (for emphasis)
l ’ v e a lre a d Jy s e e n th is m o v ie tw ic e . C a n ’t w e w a tc h a n o th e r one?
M y b ro th e r h a s n ’ t f o u n d a jo b yet. H e 's s t ill lo o k in g .
H a v e y o u f in is h e d y o u r h o m e w o rk yet? N o , n o t yet.
1 W e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t fo r p ast e xp e rie n ce s w h e n w e d o n 't say e x a ctly
w h e n they h appened.
p r e s e n t p e r f e c t o r s im p le p a s t ?
I’ve been to M ia m i tw ice .
1 44)))
(= in m y lif e u p to now )
I went th ere in 1998 a n d 2 0 0 2 .
(= o n tw o s p e c ific o ccasio n s)
• W e o fte n use ever an d never w h e n w e ask o r ta lk ab o u t past
e xp e rie n ce s. T h e y go b e fo re the m a in verb.
• U s e the s im p le p ast ( N O T the p re se n t perfect)
2 In A m e r ic a n E n g lis h , w e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t an d the s im p le p ast w ith
to ask o r ta lk a b o u t fin is h e d a c tio n s in the past,
yet an d already.
• already is used in 0 sentences and goes before the m a in verb.
• yet is used w ith Q senten ces an d [?]. It goes at the end o f the p h rase.
• F o r ir r e g u la r past p a r tic ip le s see I r r e g u l a r v e r b s p.165.
when the time is mentioned or understood.
a
C o m p le t e th e m i n i d ia lo g u e s w it h th e
W e o fte n use a past tim e e x p re ss io n , e.g.,
yesterday, last week, etc.
b
R i g h t o r w r o n g ? W r it e a c h e c k / o r a n /
p r e s e n t p e r f e c t f o r m o f th e v e r b in
n e x t t o th e s e n te n c e s . C o r r e c t th e w r o n g
p a r e n th e s e s a n d a n a d v e r b f r o m th e lis t .
s e n te n c e s .
Y o u c a n u s e th e a d v e r b s m o r e t h a n o n c e .
already
ever
never
I ’v e n e v e r b e e n in d e b t.
</
H o w m u c h h a s y o u r n e w c a m e ra c o s t? X
yet
How much did your new camera cost?
A _________ y o u __________ th e
1 D e a n in h e r it e d $ 5 , 0 0 0 f r o m a re la tiv e .
lo t t e r y _________ ? (play)
2 D id y o u r s is te r p a y y o u b a c k y et?
B T h a t 's w h y I ’m s m ilin g - 1 w o n $ 5 0 !
1 A _________ y o u _____________________a f lig h t o n lin e ? (b o o k )
3 W e b o o k e d o u r v a c a tio n o n lin e a
B Y e s, o f c o u rs e . I’v e d o n e it m a n y tim e s .
m o n t h ago.
2 A W h e n a re y o u g o in g to b u y a m o to r c y c le ?
4 W h e n h a ve y o u b o u g h t th a t le a th e r jacke t?
B S o o n . I ___________________ a lm o s t $ l, 0 0 0 . (save)
5 T h e y 'v e f in is h e d p a y in g b a c k th e lo a n la s t
3 A _________ y o u __________ th e e le c t r ic it y b i l l _________ ? (pay)
m o n th .
B N o , s o rry . I fo rg o t.
6 W e h a v e n ’t p a id th e g a s b i l l yet.
4 A _________ y o u r p a r e n t s ____________________ y o u m o n e y ? (le n d )
B Y e s, b u t I p a id it b a c k as s o o n as I c o u ld .
7 H a v e y o u e v e r w a s te d a lo t o f m o n e y o n
5 A H o w d oes e B ay w o rk ?
s o m e th in g ?
B I d o n ’t k n o w . I ______________________________it. (use)
8 I’m su re I h a v e n ’t b o r r o w e d a n y m o n e y
6 A _________ y o u _____________________to T h a ila n d ? (be)
f r o m y o u la s t w e e k .
B N o , I h a v e n ’t. B u t I'd lik e to s o m e day.
9 I s p e n t m y s a la r y r e a lly q u ic k ly la s t m o n th .
7 A W h y d o n 't y o u h a ve a n y m o n e y ?
10 H a v e y o u se e n th e B a tm a n m o v ie o n T V
B I ___________________ m y sa la ry . I b o u g h t a n e w ta b le t
y e s te rd a y ?
la s t w e e k , (sp en d)
8 A D o y o u lik e H u g h J a c k m a n ?
B Y e s, I ___________________ h is n e w m o v ie tw ic e ! (see)
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2B
present perfect + for/since, present perfect continuous
1 W e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t c o n tin u o u s w ith / o r
an d since w it h a c t io n v e r b s (e.g., learn, work, go,
etc.) to ta lk a b o u t a c tio n s th a t sta rte d in the past
present p e rfe ct + f o r / s in c e
an d are s t ill tru e now.
T h e y ’ve
known each o th e r fo r te n years.
1 47)))
• D o n 't use the presen t c o n tin u o u s w it h / o r /
since, N O T l am working h e re fo r twoyears.
J u lia h a s h a d th a t bag s in c e she w as in college.
A H o w lo n g h a v e y o u
B S in ce 1996.
2 W e can a lso use the p re se n t p e rfe ct c o n tin u o u s
worked here?
fo r c o n tin u o u s o r repeated a c tio n s th at have been
h a p p e n in g v ery recen tly. T h e a c tio n s have u s u a lly
A H o w lo n g h a s y o u r b ro th e r h a d h is m o to rcy cle ?
B F o r a b o u t a year.
• W e use the p re se n t p e rfe c t
ju s t fin is h e d .
+for o r since w it h n o n a c t io n v e r b s (e.g., like,
have, know, etc.) to ta lk a b o u t s o m e th in g th a t sta rte d in the p ast a n d is
s t ill tru e now.
They’ve known each other fo r tenyears. (= they m e t ten years ago, an d they
s t ill k n o w e ach o th e r today)
• W e use How long...? + p re se n t p e rfe c t to ask a b o u t an u n fin is h e d p e rio d
o f tim e (fro m the p ast u n t il now ).
use fo r + a p e rio d o f tim e , e.g., fo r two weeks, o r since + a p o in t o f tim e ,
e.g., since 1990.
• D o n 't use the sim p le presen t w it h fo r / since, N O T They know each other
f o r n Iongtime.
• We
present perfect continuous: have / h a s b e e n + verb + -ing
1 H o w lo n g have y o u been learning E n g lis h ?
N ic k has been working here sin c e A p r il.
T h e y ’ v e been going out to g e th e r fo r a b o u t th re e years.
2 Y o u r eyes are red. Have y o u been crying?
N o , I’ve been cutting o n io n s .
a
C o r r e c t th e m is t a k e s .
H a r r y is u n e m p lo y e d s in c e la s t year.
Harry has been unemployed since last y ea r
1 W e 'v e h a d o u r n e w a p a r t m e n t s in c e s ix m o n th s .
2 H i , Jackie ! H o w a re y o u ? I d o n ’t see y o u f o r ages!
I’ve (I have)
You’ve (You have)
He / She / It’s (He has)
We’ve (We have)
They’ve (They have)
been working here
for two years.
I haven’t (I have not)
You haven’t
He / She / It hasn't
We haven’t
They haven’t
been working here
for two years.
Have you been working
here for two years?
Yes,
1 have.
No,
1 haven’t.
Has she been working
here for two years?
Yes,
she has.
No,
she hasn’t.
1 48)))
work and live
Work and live are often used in either present
perfect or present perfect continuous with
the same meaning.
I’ve lived here since 1980.
I’ve been living here since 1980.
b
M a k e s e n te n c e s w it h th e p r e s e n t p e r f e c t o r p r e s e n t
p e r f e c t c o n t in u o u s ( a n d / o r / since i f n e c e s s a r y ). U s e th e
p r e s e n t p e r f e c t c o n t in u o u s i f p o s s ib le .
I
/ w o r k f o r a c h a r it y / e ig h t y e a rs
I ’ve been working f o r a charity f o r eight years.
3 H o w lo n g a re y o u k n o w in g y o u r h u s b a n d ?
1 w e / k n o w e a c h o th e r / w e w e re c h ild r e n
4 E m ily h a s b e e n a v o lu n te e r f o r te n y e a rs ago.
2 th e c h ild r e n / p la y c o m p u te r g a m e s / t w o h o u rs
5 P a u l d o e sn ’t eat a n y th in g sin ce yesterday because he's sick.
3 y o u r s is te r / have th a t h a ir s t y le / a lo n g tim e ?
6 It h a s n 't r a in e d s in c e t w o m o n th s .
4 1/ lo v e h e r / th e f ir s t d a y w e m e t
7 H o w lo n g h a s y o u r p a r e n ts b e e n m a r r ie d ?
5 m y I n te r n e t c o n n e c t io n / n o t w o r k / y e s te rd a y
8 T h e y ’ re h a v in g t h e ir d o g s in c e th e y g o t m a r rie d .
6 h o w lo n g / y o u / w a it?
9 I h a v e n ’t g o tte n a n y e m a ils f r o m m y b r o th e r fo r
7 I / b e a te a c h e r / th re e y e a rs
la s t w in te r.
10 M y g r a n d m o th e r liv e s in th e sa m e h o u s e a ll h e r life .
8 it / s n o w / f iv e o ’c lo c k t h is m o r n in g
9 S a m / n o t s tu d y e n o u g h / r e c e n tly
10 y o u / liv e in C h ic a g o / a lo n g tim e ?
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comparing tw o actions
comparatives and superlatives:
adjectives and adverbs
faster than m e.
more quickly th a n l do.
A tla n ta p layed w o rse to d a y than la s t w eek.
2 M a x d o e sn 't sp e a k E n g lis h as well as h is w ife does.
I d o n 't e a rn a s much a s m y boss.
1 M y fa th e r d riv e s
comparing tw o people, places, things, etc.
1 M y siste r is a little taller than m e.
2 ID))
S a n F ra n c isc o is more expensive than C h icag o.
T h is test is less difficult than the la st one.
O liv e o il is better fo r y o u than butter.
2 T h e n e w so fa is n 't as comfortable as the
o ld one.
I d o n 't have
2 12)))
Y o u w a lk
1 W e use c o m p a ra tiv e adverbs to c o m p a re tw o a ctio n s.
• R e g u la r co m p a ra tiv e adverbs: s p e llin g ru le s
fast >faster
as many b o o k s as I used to.
slowly > m ore slowly
carefully > m ore carefully
• Ir r e g u la r co m p a rative s:
well > better
badly > worse
2 W e c a n a lso use (not) as + adverb + as to m ake c o m p a riso n s ,
1 W e use c o m p a ra tiv e adjectives to co m p a re tw o
pe o p le, places, th in g s , etc.
• R e g u la r c o m p a ra tiv e adjectives: s p e llin g ru le s
superlatives
old > older
big > bigger
easy > easier
modem > m ore modern difficult > m ore difficul
K e v in is the tallest p la y e r o n the team .
T o k y o is the most expensive c ity in th e w o rld .
T h e s m a ll bag is the least expensive.
• Irre g u la r c o m p a ra tiv e adjectives:
good > better
bad > worse
fa r >farther /
further
• O n e -s y lla b le a d jective s e n d in g in -ed:
bored > m ore bored
stressed > m ore stressed
tired > m ore tired
2 W e c a n a lso use (not) as + a d jective + as to m ake
2 13)))
best student in the class.
W h o d re sse s the most stylishly in y o u r fa m ily ?
T h a t's the worst w e ’ve ever played.
L u c y is the
• W e use s u p e rla tiv e adjectives a n d
a c tio n s w ith a ll o f th e ir group.
c o m p a riso n s .
adverbs to co m p a re p eople, th in g s , o r
-est in ste ad o f -er an d most /
least in ste a d o f more / less.
• W e u s u a lly use the b e fore su p e rla tive s, b u t y o u ca n a ls o use p o ssessive
ad jectives, e.g., my bestfriend, their most famous song.
• W e o fte n use a su p e rla tiv e w it h presen t p e rfe c t + ever, e.g., It’s the best
book I’ve ever read.
• F o r m su p e rla tiv e s lik e c o m p a ra tive s, b u t use
f j Object pronouns (me, him, etc.) after than
and as
After than or as we can use an object pronoun
(me, him, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun (/, he,
she, etc.) + auxiliary verb.
She’s taller than me. OR She’s taller than I am.
NOT -ShHs-tatler-thafrl.
They're not as busy as us. OR They’re not as
busy as we are. NOT -Tkey-'fe-not -aslousy-as-we.
P
the same as
We use the same as to say th a t two people,
places, things, etc. are identical.
Her dress is the same as mine.
a
C o m p le t e w i t h th e c o m p a r a t iv e o r s u p e r la t iv e o f th e
in after superlatives
Use in (NOT of) before places after a superlative.
It’s the longest bridge in the world. NOT o f th e world
It’s the best beach in Florida. NOT of Florida
b C o m p le t e w it h o n e w o r d .
bold w o r d (a n d than i f n e c e s s a r y ) .
G o in g b y m o to r b o a t is
thefastest w a v t o g e t a r o u n d M ia m i? fast
1 I t h in k s k iin g i s _________ h o rs e b a c k r id in g , easy
2 A m o to r c y c le i s _________ a s c o o te r,
powerful
relaxing
4 Y o u w a l k _________ I d o .
3 T h e t r a f f ic w a s w o r s e ______w e e x p e cte d .
4 T h i s is th e lo n g e s t t r ip I ’v e ______b e e n o n.
slowly
5 H e g e ts h o m e la te , b u t h is w ife a r r iv e s la te r t h a n _____
5 _________ tim e t o tra v e l is o n h o lid a y w e e k e n d s ,
bad
6 _________ I've e v e r d r iv e n is f r o m W a s h in g t o n , D . C . to
C h ic a g o ,
1 A b u s is n ’t a s c o m f o r t a b le ______a tr a in .
2 I t’s ______m o s t e x p e n s iv e c a r w e ’ve e v e r b o u g h t.
3 I t h in k th a t t r a v e lin g b y t r a in i s _________ fo r m o f
t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,
far
6 T h e ______in te r e s t in g p la c e I ’v e e v e r v is it e d is V e n ic e .
7 I leave h o m e at th e sa m e t im e ______m y b ro th e r.
8 H e d r iv e s ______c a r e f u lly th a n h is g ir lf r ie n d - he's
7 T h e L o n d o n U n d e r g r o u n d i s _________ th e s u b w a y in
N e w Y o r k C it y ,
old
8 T h i s i s _________ b u s I've e ve r b e e n o n .
136
more e x c it in g th a n tr a v e lin g
b y fe rry .
W h a t ’s
n e v e r h a d a n a c c id e n t.
9 W e d o n 't g o a b r o a d ______o fte n a s w e u se d to.
hot
9 O f a ll m y fa m ily , m y m o m i s _________ d r iv e r ,
10
good
W h a t 's th e lo n g e s t f r e e w a y _____ th e U S ?
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articles: a /a n , the, no article
• W e use
the:
1 w h e n w e ta lk a b o u t s o m e th in g w e ’ve a lre a d y m e n tio n ed .
a / an
2 w h e n it's c le a r w h a t y o u 're r e fe rrin g to.
1 I saw an old man w ith a dog.
2 It's a nice house. Sh e's a lawyer.
3 W h a t an awful day!
4 I have cla sse s th re e tim e s a week.
3 w h e n th ere 's o n ly o ne o f so m e th in g .
2 17)))
4 w ith p lace s in a to w n , e.g.,
movies an d theater.
5 w ith su p e rlative s.
n o a r t ic le
• W e use
a / an w ith s in g u la r c o u n ta b le n ouns:
1 the f ir s t tim e y o u m e n tio n a th in g / p erson.
2 w h e n y o u say w h a t s o m e th in g is o r w h at
so m e b o d y does.
3 in e x c la m a tio n s w it h
What...!
4 in e x p re ss io n s o f frequ ency.
th e
Women u s u a lly ta lk m o re th a n men
Love is m o re im p o r t a n t th a n money
2 Sh e's n o t at home today.
I get b a ck from work at 5:30.
3 I n e v e r have breakfast.
4 See y o u next Friday.
1
2 19)))
• W e d o n 't use a n a rticle :
1 l saw a n o ld m a n w ith a dog.
The dog w a s b a rk in g .
2 M y fa th e r o p e n e d the door.
The children are at sch o o l.
3 The moon goes a ro u n d the Earth.
4 I'm g o in g to the movies to n ig h t.
5 It's the best re sta u ra n t in to w n .
a (Circle) the correct answers.
I lo v e ( w edding )/ the
1 Jess is
I loveflo w ers. (= flo w e rs in general)
I love th eflo w ers in my garden. (= the s p e c ific flo w e rs in m y garden)
2 w ith so m e n o u n s, (e.g., home, work, school) a fte r at / to Ifrom .
3 b e fo re m eals, days, a n d m o n th s.
4 b e fo re
b
B N o n e e d . I 'll p u t
3 M y w if e lik e s
b u t I p re fe r
4 W e g o to
dinner / the dinner w it h so m e
fr ie n d s the next Friday / next Friday.
A W h a t t im e d o e s ______t r a in leave?
B In te n m in u te s . C a n y o u g iv e m e ______r id e t o ______ s ta tio n ?
^
4 A W h a t ’s ______m o s t in te r e s t in g p la c e to v is it in y o u r to w n ?
B P r o b a b ly _____ m u s e u m . I t’s _______o ld e s t b u ild in g in to w n .
5 A W h a t s h o u ld w e d o ______n e x t w e e k e n d ?
B L e t ’s in v it e s o m e fr ie n d s f o r ______lu n c h . W e c o u ld e at o u ts id e
ch ef / a chef. I t h in k h e ’s
the best co o k I best cook in th e w o r ld .
the windows /
windows b e fo re I le ft the hom e / home
7 I ’m n o t s u re i f I c lo s e d
t h is m o r n in g .
A W h a t ______b e a u t if u l d re ss !
B T h a n k s . I b o u g h t it o n ______s a le ______ la s t m o n th .
5 I ’m h a v in g
6 M y b o y f r ie n d is
g o o n _________ F rid a y s .
^
theater / the theater a b o u t
once a month / once the month.
6
i n ______y a rd .
A D o y o u l i k e ______d o g s?
B N o t re a lly . I p r e f e r ______ca ts. I t h in k th e y ’r e ______ b e s t p e ts.
A Is y o u r m o m ______ h o u s e w ife ?
B N o , sh e ’s ______te a ch e r. S h e ’s a lw a y s t ir e d w h e n she g e ts h o m e
dogs / the dogs, b u t I d o n ’t
lik e dogs I the dogs th a t liv e n e x t d o o r to m e.
8 In g e n e ra l, I lik e
9 I g o t to
the school / school la te e v e ry d a y
f r o m ______w o r k .
8 A H a v e y o u e v e r h a d ______p r o b le m in y o u r r e la tio n s h ip ?
B Y e s, b u t w e g o t o v e r ______p r o b le m , a n d w e g o t m a r r ie d ______
la s t year.
the last week / last week.
10
I t h in k
happiness / the happiness is m o re
im p o r t a n t t h a n
the a d d re s s i n the G P S .
B A b o u t th re e t im e s ______w e e k . B u t I n e v e r
love stories / the love stories,
the war movies / war movies.
a m ap.
1 A H o w o ft e n d o y o u g o t o ______g y m ?
a horrible day / horrible dayl W e 'll
the car / a car.
a / an, the, o r - (= n o a r t ic le ) .
A W e ’re lo s t. L e t ’s s to p a n d b u y
nurse / a nurse in a h o s p ita l. A hospital /
ha ve to h a ve o u r p ic n ic in
next / last + day, w eek, etc.
C o m p le t e w it h
weddings!
The hospital is fa r f r o m h e r h o u s e .
2 W hat
1 w h e n w e are s p e a k in g in g e n e ra l (w ith p lu ra l an d u n c o u n ta b le nouns).
C o m p a re :
2 18)))
success / the success.
9 A W h e n i s _____ m e e tin g ?
B T h e y 'v e c h a n g e d ______date. I t 's ______ n e x t T u e s d a y now .
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4A
can, could, be able to (ability and possibility)
Could you open the door
for me, please?
c a n / c o u ld
I can sp e a k th ree langu ag es flu e n tly.
Jenny can’t co m e to n ig h t. S h e's sick.
M y c o u s in could p la y the v io lin w h e n she w as three.
T h e y couldn’t w a it because th e y w ere in a h u rry .
Could y o u o p e n the d o o r fo r m e, please?
2 34)))
can is a m o d a l verb. It o n ly ha s a p re se n t fo rm (w h ic h can be used w ith
fu tu re m e a n in g ) an d a past o r c o n d itio n a l fo rm (could).
• F o r a ll o th e r tenses an d fo rm s , w e use be able to + base fo rm .
•
b e a b le t o
+ b a s e fo rm
1 L u k e has been able to s w im sin ce he w as th re e .
I'd lik e to be able to sk i.
I lo ve being able to stay in b e d la te o n S u n d a y m o rn in g .
Y o u ’ l l be able to p ra c tic e y o u r E n g lis h in the U S .
2 F o rtu n a te ly , I am a b le to a ccep t y o u r in v ita tio n .
M y co lle a g u e s weren’t able to co m e to yesterday's m ee tin g .
a
C o m p le t e w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f
be able to ( 0 , E L
1 W e use
2 35)))
be able to + base fo rm fo r a b ilit y and
p o s s ib ility , e s p e c ia lly w here th ere is n o fo r m o f
can, e.g., fu tu re , p re se n t p e rfe ct, in fin it iv e and
g e ru n d , etc.
2 W e s o m e tim e s use be able to in the presen t and
past (in ste ad o f can / could), u s u a lly i f w e w a n t to
be m o re fo rm a l.
b ( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t f o r m . C h e c k / i f b o t h a r e p o s s ib le .
or[?]).
I ’ve n e v e r
been able to s c u b a d iv e .
1 H e r c e ll p h o n e h a s b e e n tu r n e d o f f a ll m o r n in g , s o I
t a lk to h e r vet.
2 I d o n 't lik e n o is y re s ta u ra n ts . I l i k e _________________
ha ve a c o n v e r s a tio n w it h o u t s h o u tin g .
3 I _________________le a v e h o m e w h e n I get a job .
4 W e 'r e h a v in g a p a r t y n e x t S a tu r d a y ._________________
can /(be a b le lcjid a n ce sa lsa .
1 M y lit t le b o y couldn't / wasn’t able to s p e a k u n t il he w a s
I ’v e a lw a y s w a n te d to
y o u _________________c o m e ?
5 Y o u n e e d ________________ s w im b e fo re y o u c a n g o in a
a lm o s t t w o y e a rs o ld .
ca n o e .
can /
be able to w a lk a g a in in a fe w m o n th s .
3 H e h a s n 't could / been able to f i x m y b ik e yet. H e ’ ll d o it
2 S h e ’s m u c h b e tte r a fte r h e r o p e r a tio n . S h e ’ l l
6 I'm g o in g to F ra n c e n e x t w e e k , b u t I d o n 't s p e a k
F re n c h . I h a t e _________________c o m m u n ic a t e w it h
p e o p le .
7 F o r t u n a te ly , f ir e f ig h t e r s _________________re s c u e a ll o f
to m o r r o w .
4 I t’s th e w e e k e n d a t la st! I lo v e
th e p e o p le tr a p p e d in s id e th e b u r n in g h o u s e .
w it h m y frie n d s .
8 I ’m v e r y s o r r y , b u t w e _________________g o to y o u r
5 W h e n w e liv e d o n th e c o a s t, w e u se d to
w e d d in g n e x t m o n th . W e 'll be o n v a c a tio n .
can / be able to
g o to th e b e a ch e v e ry day.
9 I'm fe e lin g a lit t le w o r s e ._________________y o u
6 I c a n ’t / ’m
_________________c o n ta c t th e d o c t o r yet?
not able to se n d a n y e m a ils r ig h t n o w .
M y c o m p u te r is n ’t w o r k in g .
10 T h e m a n a g e r ________________ see y o u r ig h t n o w
b e c a u se h e 's in a m e e tin g .
can / being able to g o o u t
7 I could
I was able to re a d b e fo re I s ta rte d s c h o o l.
8 W e w o n ’t
can / be able to g o o n v a c a tio n t h is y e a r
b e c a u s e w e n e e d to s p e n d a lo t o f m o n e y o n th e h o u s e .
9 L in d a
10
A le x
hasn't been able to / couldiih f in d a job .
can / is able to s p e a k K o r e a n f lu e n t ly a fte r liv in g
in S e o u l f o r te n y e a rs.
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GRAMMAR BANK
4B
have to, must, should
d o n 't h a v e to
have t o / m u s t (+ base form)
You
You
1 Y o u have to w e a r a seat b e lt in the car.
D o y o u have to w o r k o n S a tu rd ays?
2 4 2 )))
I had t o w e a r a u n if o r m at m y e le m e n ta ry sch o o l.
I’ l l have t o get u p e a rly to m o rro w . M y in te rv ie w is a t 9:00.
must be o n tim e to m o rro w because there's a test.
must re m e m b e r to c a ll E m ily - it's h e r b irth d a y .
3 I lo ve the L o u v re ! Y o u have t o g o w h e n y o u 're in P a ris.
Y o u must see th is m o v ie — it's a m a zin g !
2 You
You
have to an d must are u s u a lly used to ta lk a b o u t o b lig a tio n o r
•
m ust not
You
have to is a n o r m a l verb a n d it e x ists in a ll tenses a n d fo rm s ,
must is a m o d a l verb. It o n ly e x ists in the p resent, b u t it ca n be
used w it h a fu tu re m e a n in g .
3 Y o u c a n a lso use
P
don’t have to w h e n th ere is n o o b lig a tio n to do
s o m e th in g , a n d must not w h e n s o m e th in g is p ro h ib ite d .
• don’t have to a n d must not are c o m p le te ly d iffe re n t. C o m p a re :
You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= Y o u c a n d riv e i f
You must not drive along this street. (= It's p ro h ib ite d , a g ain st
the law, N O T Yo u don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)
• Y o u c a n o fte n use can’t o r not allowed to in ste ad o f must not.
You must not / can ’t / ’re not allow ed to park here.
have to o r must fo r s tro n g re co m m e n d a tio n s .
s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )
have to or must?
Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you
can usually use either form.
Have to is more common for general, external obligations,
for example rules and laws.
Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion)
or personal obligations. Compare:
I have to wear a shirt and tie a t work. (= It’s the rule in this
company.)
I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my
own decision.)
have got to
Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken
English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.
a
2 44)))
y o u w a n t to, b u t it ’s n o t n e ce ssa ry / o b lig ato ry.)
e.g., a lso as a g e ru n d o r in fin it iv e .
2
must not p a rk here.
• W e use
s o m e th in g th a t is n e ce ssary to do.
1
don’t have to pay - th is m u se u m is free.
2 4 3 )))
don’t have to go to the p a rty i f y o u d o n ’t w a n t to.
C o m p le t e w i t h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f
You
should ta ke w a rm c lo th e s w ith you to Q u ito .
I t h in k the g o v e rn m e n t should d o s o m e th in g ab o u t
u n e m p lo y m e n t.
•
should is n o t as s tro n g as must / have to. W e use it to give ad vice
o r an o p in io n - to say i f w e t h in k s o m e th in g is the r ig h t o r
w ro n g th in g to do.
•
should is a m o d a l verb. T h e o n ly fo rm s are should / shouldn’t.
have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]).
I’ll have to c a ll b a c k la te r b e c a u se th e lin e 's b u sy . 0
b (^C i r c l e ) th e c o r r e c t f o r m . C h e c k / i f b o t h
a r e p o s s ib le .
don’t have to / (jnust'nop use y o u r p h o n e
1 P a s s e n g e r s _________ t u r n o f f t h e ir la p to p s d u r in g t a k e - o f f Q
You
2 _________ y o u __________d o a lo t o f h o m e w o r k w h e n y o u w e re in
in q u ie t z o n e s.
1 D o y o u t h in k w e
s c h o o l? CO
2 Y o u d o n 't
4 _________ y o u e v e r __________h a v e a n o p e r a t io n ? [7]
have to / must not se n d te x t
m e ssa g e s w h e n y o u a re d r iv in g .
5 S a tu r d a y s a re th e b e s t d a y o f th e w e e k . I lo v e _________ g e t u p
3 A p ilo t
e a rly . Q
has to / must w e a r a u n if o r m w h e n
h e ’s a t w o rk .
6 I _________ leave a m essage o n h e r v o ic e m a il beca u se sh e w a s n ’t in . 0
7 In th e fu tu re , p e o p le _________ go to sc h o o l; t h e y 'll a ll s tu d y at
should j have to te x t D a d to
t e ll h im w e ’ l l b e la te ?
3 M y s is te r is a n u rs e , s o s o m e w e e k s s h e _________ w o r k n ig h t s . 0
4 You
shouldn’t / must not ta lk o n y o u r c e ll
p h o n e w h e n y o u 're f il lin g u p th e c a r w it h gas.
hom e. G
5 I have
8 W it h o ld c e ll p h o n e s , y o u u s e d t o _________ c h a rg e th e b a tte r y
to / should s p e a k to m y p h o n e
c o m p a n y . M y la s t b i l l w a s w ro n g .
m o re o fte n . 0
6 W e d o n 't
9 _________ y o u r b o y fr ie n d _________ a n sw e r h is w o r k e m a ils o n
have to / shouldn't h u rry . W e h a ve
p le n ty o f tim e .
w eekends? |T]
10 T h e e x h ib it io n w a s fre e , s o I _________ pay. QJ
2 45)))
It m ig h t be c o ld at n ig h t.
Y o u shouldn’t d r in k so m u c h coffee. It is n ’t g o o d f o r you.
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5A
past tenses
p a s t p e r f e c t : h a d + p a s t p a r t ic ip le
s im p le p a s t : w o rk e d , s to p p e d , w e n t, h a d , e t c .
W h e n they tu rn e d o n the
She was b o r n in S e o u l.
T h e y got m a r rie d la st year.
3 10)))
O n the w a y to R o m e w e stopped in F lo re n c e fo r the n ig h t.
T h e p la n e didn’t arrive o n tim e .
W h a t tim e
did y o u get up th is m o rn in g ?
• W e use the s im p le p ast fo r fin is h e d a c tio n s in the p a st (w hen
w e say, ask, o r k n o w w hen they happened).
• Rem em ber
TV, the gam e had a lre a d y
3 12)))
finished.
A s so o n as I sh u t the d o o r, I re a liz e d th at I ’d
the table.
left m y keys on
W e c o u ld n ’t get a table in the re sta u ra n t because w e
hadn’t
booked one.
• W e use the p ast p e rfe ct w h e n w e are t a lk in g a b o u t the past
an d w e w a n t to ta lk a b o u t an e a rlie r past a c tio n . C o m p a re :
When John arrived, they went out. (= f ir s t Jo h n a rriv e d an d
Irregular verbs p. 165.
th en th ey w e n t out)
When John arrived, they had g on e out. (= th e y w e n t o u t b e fore
p a s t c o n t in u o u s : w a s / w e r e + v e r b + - in g
Jo h n a rriv e d )
1 W h a t were y o u doing at s ix o ’c lo c k la st n ig h t?
3 ID))
2 1 was driving a lo n g the freew ay w h e n it starte d sn o w in g .
3 W h ile 1 was doing the h o u s e w o rk the c h ild r e n were
playing in the yard.
4 It w as a c o ld n ig h t a n d it was raining. I was watching T V
in the liv in g ro om ...
u s in g n a r r a t iv e t e n s e s t o g e t h e r
It w as a c o ld n ig h t a n d it was raining. 1 was
3 13 )))
watching T V in the liv in g ro o m . S u d d e n ly 1 heard a k n o c k
at the d o o r. 1got up a n d opened the d o o r. B u t th ere w as
n o b o d y there. T h e p e rso n w h o had knocked o n the d o o r
had disappeared...
1 W e use the p ast c o n tin u o u s to ta lk a b o u t an a c tio n in p ro g re ss
at a s p e c ific tim e in the past.
• U se the p ast c o n tin u o u s
2 W e o fte n use the p a st c o n tin u o u s to d e s c rib e a p a st a c tio n in
p ro g re ss th a t w as in te rru p te d b y a n o th e r a c tio n (expressed in
the s im p le past).
3 W e o fte n use the p a st c o n tin u o u s w ith
while fo r tw o a c tio n s
(was mining, was watching) to set
the scene.
(heard, got up, etc.) to say w h a t happened.
• U s e the p ast p e rfe ct (had knocked, had disappeared) to say
• U s e the s im p le p ast
w h a t ha p p e n e d b e fo re the p re v io u s p ast a c tio n .
h a p p e n in g at the sam e tim e .
4 W e o fte n use the p ast c o n tin u o u s to d e s c rib e the b e g in n in g o f
a s to ry o r anecdote.
b C o m p le t e w it h th e s im p le p a s t, p a s t c o n t in u o u s , o r
>th e c o r r e c t f o r m .
a
T h e te a c h e r gave R o b b ie a z e r o b e c a u se h e
cheated /
<Juld~cheate$> o n th e e x a m .
T h e m a r a th o n r u n n e r
1 T h e y d id n ’t w in th e g a m e a lth o u g h th e y
were training /
had trained e v e ry e v e n in g .
drove / was driving
to w o rk .
lo o k e d g re a t.
(h a p p e n , d riv e )
started / had started. W e go
th e re ju s t in t im e a n d sa w th e w h o le g am e!
didn’t score / hadn’t scored a n y g o a ls w h e n
th e re fe re e e je c te d h im .
6 M y s o n g o t in ju r e d w h ile he
played / wasplaying
4 T h e p o lic e _________ h e r o n th e fre e w a y b e ca u se she
_________ a se a t b e lt, (sto p , n o t w e a r)
s n o w s t o r m s ta rte d . W e w e re a lr e a d y b a c k at th e h o te l.
losing / h a d n ’t lost a n y o f t h e ir
g a m e s d u r in g t h e ir t r ip to th e E a s t C o a s t.
9 T h e re fe ree su sp e n d e d th e g a m e b e ca u se it
to th e m , (n o t lis te n , ta lk )
6 W e _________ use th e s k i s lo p e b e c a u s e i t __________
stopped / had stopped s k iin g w h e n the
mined to o h a rd t o play.
(n o t r e c o g n iz e , ch a n g e )
5 S o m e o f th e p la y e r s _________ w h ile th e c o a c h ________
b a s k e tb a ll la s t S a tu rd a y .
8 T h e L a k e r s w eren’t
f in a l w h is tle , (cheer, b lo w )
3 I _________ h e r a t f ir s t b e c a u s e s h e __________ s o m u ch .
4 W h e n w e a r r iv e d , th e g a m e
7 L u c k ily , w e
th e f in is h lin e , (sw eat, c ro s s )
2 T h e c r o w d _________ w h e n th e r e fe r e e __________ th e
cleaned / had cleaned th e h o u s e w h e n I g o t h o m e . It
5 T h e c a p ta in
was sweating w h e n sh e crossed
1 T h e a c c id e n t _________ w h e n t h e y __________h o m e .
2 M ik e h a d a n a c c id e n t w h ile h e
3 I
p a s t p e r fe c t.
e n o u g h , (n o t c a n , n o t sn o w )
7 T h e y _________ p la y t e n n is b e c a u s e t h e y __________ a
c o u r t, (n o t a b le to , n o t b o o k )
8 T h e p la y e r _________ a y e llo w c a rd b e ca u se h e ________
was mining /
h is s h ir t , (get, ta k e o f f )
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GRAMMAR BANK
5B
present and past habits and states: usually and used to
used to or s im p le p a s t?
We can use used to or simple past for
repeated actions or states, and the meaning
is the same.
I used to live in Miami as a child. / I liv e d In
Miami as a child.
But if the action happened only once, or we
mention exact dates or number of times, we
have to use simple past.
I went to Paris last year. NOT / used to go to
Paris last year.
Jack caught the train to Chicago four times
last week. NOT Jack used to catch the train to
Chicago four times last week.
1 I usually get up at 8 :0 0 d u r in g the w eek.
3 17)))
I don’t normally go out d u r in g the w eek.
H o u s e s in the s u b u rb s usually have yards.
Do y o u normally walk to w o rk ?
2 W e used to go to the beach fo r o u r v a ca tio n s w h e n I w as a ch ild .
H e didn’t use to do an y exe rcise , b u t n o w he r u n s m a ra th o n s.
I never used to like hockey, b u t I w a tc h it every w eek now.
W e used to be clo se frie n d s , b u t w e d o n 't ta lk to each o th e r an y m o re .
T h a t b u ild in g used to be a re sta u ra n t, b u t it clo se d d o w n la s t year.
Did they use to live d o w n to w n ?
Didn’t y o u use to have lo n g h a ir?
1 F o r p re se n t h a b its w e ca n use
N O T I used to get tip at 8:00.
anymore and any longer
We often use not...anymore / any longer
(= not now) with the simple present to
contrast with used to.
I used to go to the gym, but I don't (go)
anymore / any longer.
usually o r normally + s im p le present.
used to / didn’t use to + base fo rm .
• used to d o e s n o t e x is t in the p re se n t tense. N O T f t tse f o-get tip at 8:0 0
during the week.
• W e use used to fo r th in g s th a t w ere tru e o v e r a p e rio d o f tim e in the
past. Used to o fte n refers to s o m e th in g th a t is n o t tru e now .
I used to play a lot o f sports. (= 1 p layed a lo t o f s p o rts fo r a p e rio d o f tim e
2 F o r past h a b its w e use
be used to and get used to
Don't confuse used to / didn't use to (do
something) with be used to or get used to
(doing something).
I am used to getting up early every day.
(= I am accustomed to it. I always do it, so it is
not a problem for me.)
Lola can't get used to living in the US.
(= She can’t get accustomed to it. It is a
problem for her.)
in the past, b u t now' I d o n ’t.)
used to I didn’t use to ca n be u sed w it h a c tio n verb s (e.g., go, do) an d
n o n a c tio n verb s (e.g., be, have).
•
• W e can a lso use th e s im p le p a st to d e scrib e p ast h a b its (o ften w it h an
ad verb o f frequ ency).
(often) went to the beach fo r our vacations when I was a child.
I lived downtown until I got married.
We
a
C o m p le t e w it h
used to (0 . E l o r |T|) a n d a v e r b f r o m th e lis t .
b
A r e th e h ig h lig h t e d v e r b f o r m s r ig h t / o r
w r o n g X ? C o r r e c t th e w r o n g o n e s .
argue be get along go out have
like hve speak spend wear work
Sonya
used to live in N e w Y o r k C it y , b u t la te r she m o v e d to
N e w Jersey. 0
d iffe r e n t. 0
3 _________ y o u r f ia n c e __________glasse s? H e lo o k s d iffe r e n t n o w . [T]
m y c la s s m a te s , b u t n o w I s p e n d a ll m y t im e w it h
m y b o y fr ie n d . 0
5 W h e r e _________ y o u r h u s b a n d __________b e fo re h e g o t th e jo b i n
th e b a n k ?
U]
6 M y s is te r lo s t a lo t o f w e ig h t. S h e _________ s o s lim . 0
7 _________ y o u __________ a lo t w it h y o u r p a re n ts w h e n y o u w e re a
te e n a g e r? [7]
8 I _________ Jap an e se fo o d , b u t now ' I e at a lo t o f s u s h i. GO
9 L a u r a _________ w e ll w ith h e r ro o m m a te , b u t n o w th e y d o n ’t ta lk to
each other. 0
10
1 H is p a re n ts used to s p lit u p a fte r he w a s b o rn .
p r o b le m s ?
3 M y s is te r d id n 't u s e to w a n t c h ild r e n , b u t
2 I _________ m u c h tim e o n lin e , b u t n o w I’m a d d ic te d to F a c e b o o k . 0
I _________ w it h
used
to see
2 D o y o u u s u a lly t e ll a c lo s e f r ie n d a b o u t y o u r
1 W e _________ a lo t in c o m m o n , b u t n o w w e ’re c o m p le te ly
4
S o n y a use to see M ic h a e l e v e ry day. X
M y e x _________to m e, b u t n o w he c a lls m e a lo t. Q
n o w she h a s fo u r!
4 I d id n 't u se d to lik e m y m a th te a c h e r w h e n 1
w a s in s c h o o l.
5 T h e y u se d to g o o n v a c a tio n e v e ry year.
6 T h a t c o u p le h a s th re e k id s , s o th e y d o n ’t use
to g o o u t a t n ig h t.
7 W h e r e d id y o u r p a re n ts u se to m e e t w h e n
th e y f ir s t w e n t o u t?
8 M y h u s b a n d u se to w o r k f o r a b a n k , b u t n o w
h e 's u n e m p lo y e d .
9 W e lo v e th e th e a te r. W e u s u a lly g o to a p la y
at le a s t o n c e a m o n th .
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VOCABULARY BANK
Food and cooking
1 FO O D
a
2 C O O K IN G
M a t c h th e w o r d s a n d
a
M a t c h th e w o r d s a n d p ic t u r e s .
p ic t u r e s .
Fish and seafood
1 c ra b / k rte b /
m u ss e ls
/'mAslz/
s a lm o n /'stemon/
s h r im p JY im p /
s q u id
/skwid/
tu n a /'tu n o /
M eat
b e e f /hi f/
c h ic k e n
tjik o n /
d u c k /d A k /
la m b hum/
p o r k /pork/
F ru its and vegetables
b e e t /bit/
c a b b a g e /'ktebid.y
4
c h e r r ie s /'tjb riz /
b o ile d Zboild/
c u c u m b e r /'k y u k A m b a r/
e g g p la n t /'egpkent/
(BritE a u b e rg in e )
b
g r ille d /grild/
ro a s te d /roo sttd/
fr ie d /fra id /
b a k e d / b e ik l/
s te a m e d /stim d /
13))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
g ra p e s /greips/
g re e n b e a n s /g rin b in /7
le m o n /d e m o n /
c
H o w d o y o u p r e f e r th e s e t h in g s to
be cooked?
m a n g o /'m ajpgoo/
eggs
chicken
potatoes
fish
m e lo n 'm elon/
p e a c h /pilJ7
p e a r /per/
r a s p b e r r ie s /'rte z b e riz /
re d p e p p e r /red 'pepar/
z u c c h in i / z u 'k in i /
( B r it E c o u r g e tte )
b
c
1 2)}) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
A r e t h e r e a n y t h in g s in
th e l i s t t h a t y o u . . . ?
a lo v e
b hate
c
ha ve n e v e r tr ie d
d A r e t h e r e a n y o t h e r k in d s
o f f is h , m e a t, o r f r u it s a n d
v e g e ta b le s t h a t a re v e r y
c o m m o n in y o u r c o u n try ?
P
P h ra s a l v e rb s
L e a rn t h e s e p h r a s a l v e r b s c o n n e c t e d
w it h f o o d a n d d ie t .
I eat out a lot because I don't really
have time to cook.
(= eat in restaurants)
I’m trying to cut down on coffee
right now. I'm only having one cup at
breakfast. (= have less)
The doctor told me I had very
high cholesterol and that I should
completely cut out all high-fat cheese
and dairy products from my diet
(= eliminate)
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VOCABULARY BANK
Personality
1 W H A T A R E T H E Y LIK E ?
2 O P P O S IT E S
a
a
C o m p le t e th e d e f in it io n s w it h th e a d je c tiv e s .
M a t c h th e a d je c t iv e s a n d t h e ir o p p o s it e s .
cheap /ifip / hardw o rking /h a rd 'w o rk ıŋ/
o u tgoing /'a ota o oin / self-confid e n t S e lf 'ka ntddont/
stupid 'stupod/ ta lk a tiv e /'to k a tiv /
—
affe c tio n a te /o'fekjbnat/ ag g re ssive /o'grcsiv/
a m b itiou s/tem 'b ijb s/ anxious /'aenklos/ bossy /'bosi/
charming /'tfa rm n y co m p e titive kom 'pctotiv/
independent /in d i'p e n d a n t/ jealous P d ^ l s s l
moody "m u d i/ rebellious /n 'b d v o s / re U a ble/n 'la io b l/
self ish /'s e lfif/ sensible /'sensabl/ sensitiv e /'sensativ/
sociable /'so ufo b l/ spoiled /spo ild/ stubborn /'stA barn/
Opposite
ge n e ro u s
____________
in s e c u r e
____________
Selfish p e o p le t h in k a b o u t th e m s e lv e s a n d n o t a b o u t
la z y
____________
o th e r p e o p le .
q u ie t
____________
2
A ______________ p e r s o n a lw a y s w a n t s to w in .
sh y
____________
3
______________ c h ild r e n b e h a v e b a d ly b e c a u s e th e y are
sm a rt
____________
1
g iv e n e v e r y t h in g th e y w a n t.
4
b
A n ______________ p e r s o n g e ts a n g r y q u ic k ly a n d lik e s
1 24))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n c o v e r th e o p p o s it e s a n d
te s t y o u r s e lf .
f ig h t in g a n d a rg u in g .
5
6
______________ p e o p le h a ve a n a t tr a c t iv e p e r s o n a lit y
c
W i t h a p a r t n e r , l o o k a t th e a d je c t iv e s a g a in i n
1 and
a n d m a k e p e o p le lik e th e m .
2 . D o y o u t h in k t h e y a re p o s it iv e , n e g a tiv e , o r n e u t r a l
A ______________ p e rs o n h a s c o m m o n s e n se a n d is
c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ?
p r a c tic a l.
7
A ______________ p e r s o n is f r ie n d ly a n d e n jo y s b e in g
3 N E G A T IV E P R E F IX E S
w it h o th e r p e o p le .
8
______________ p e o p le a re o fte n w o r r ie d o r stre ss e d .
9
A ______________ p e r s o n is h a p p y o n e m in u t e a n d sad
a
t h e m i n th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .
th e n e x t, a n d is o fte n b a d -te m p e re d .
10
a m b itious clean frie n d ly honest imaginative
kind matu re organized p a tie n t reliable
responsible selfish sensitive sociable
______________ p e o p le lik e d o in g t h in g s o n t h e ir o w n ,
w it h o u t h elp .
11
A ______________ p e r s o n lik e s g iv in g o r d e r s to o th e r
p e o p le .
12
u n -/d is -
A n ______________ p e r s o n s h o w s th a t he o r sh e lo v e s o r
im - / ir - / in -
unambitious
lik e s p e o p le v e r y m u c h .
13
W h i c h p r e f ix d o y o u u s e w it h th e s e a d je c tiv e s ? P u t
A ______________ p e r s o n t h in k s th a t s o m e o n e lo v e s
a n o th e r p e r s o n m o re th a n h im o r h e r, o r w a n t s w h a t
o th e r p e o p le have.
14
A ______________ p e r s o n c a n b e e a s ily h u r t o r o ffe n d e d .
15
A n ______________ p e r s o n w a n t s to b e s u c c e s s fu l in
life .
16
A ______________ p e r s o n is s o m e o n e w h o y o u c a n t r u s t
o r d e p e n d o n.
17
A ______________ p e r s o n d o e s n ’t lik e o b e y in g ru le s .
18
A ______________ p e r s o n n e v e r c h a n g e s h is (o r her)
o p in io n o r a ttitu d e a b o u t s o m e th in g .
b
c
1 23))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
C o v e r th e d e f in it io n s a n d l o o k a t th e a d je c tiv e s .
R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .
b
1 25))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . W h i c h o f th e n e w a d je c t iv e s
h a s a p o s it iv e m e a n in g ?
c
P
C o v e r th e c o lu m n s . T e s t y o u r s e lf .
False friends
Some words in English are ve ry similar to words in o th e r
languages, b u t have d iffe re n t meanings.
S e n s ib le looks ve ry similar to sensible in Spanish and
French, b u t in fa c t in English it means someone w ho has
common sense and is practical. The Spanish / French
word sensible tra n sla te s as s e n s it iv e in English (to
describe a person who is easily hurt).
S y m p a t h e t ic does n o t mean th e same as s empatik
in Turkish (which mean n ic e , f r ie n d ly ). In English,
s y m p a t h e t i c means a person who understands
o th e r people’s feelings, e.g., My best friend was very
sympathetic when I failed my exam last week.
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VOCABULARY BANK
Money
1 VERBS
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h a v e r b f r o m th e lis t .
be w o rth /hi u nit) borrow /'huroo/ ca n 't affo rd /krcnt o'ford/ charge H a rd y cost/kost/ earn d m /
inhe rit Jn'herot/ inv e s t /in'vest/ lend lend/ owe/oo/ raise iy i /
save seiv w a ste /weist/
b
M y u n c le d ie d a n d le ft m e $ 2 ,0 0 0 .
I 'm g o in g to
2
I p u t s o m e m o n e y a s id e e v e ry w e e k f o r m y n e x t v a c a tio n .
I _________ m o n e y e v e ry w ee k.
3
M y b r o th e r p r o m is e d t o g iv e m e $ 5 0 .
H e p r o m is e d t o _________ m e $ 5 0 .
4
I n e e d to a s k m y m o m to g iv e m e $ 2 0 .
1 n e e d t o _________ $ 2 0 f r o m m y m o m .
5
I o fte n s p e n d m o n e y o n s tu p id th in g s .
I o f t e n _________ m o n e y.
6
I d o n ’t h a v e e n o u g h m o n e y to b u y th a t car.
I _________ to b u y th a t ca r.
7
I u s u a lly ha ve to p a y th e m e c h a n ic $ 4 0 0 to f i x m y car.
T h e m e c h a n ic _________ m e $ 4 0 0 .
8
T h e s e s h o e s a re v e r y e x p e n s iv e . T h e y a re $ 2 0 0 .
T h e y _________ $ 2 0 0 .
9
J im gave m e $ 1 0 0 . 1 h a v e n ’t p a id h im b a c k yet.
I _________ J im $ 1 0 0 .
10
1 w a n t t o p u t m o n e y in a b a n k a c c o u n t. T h e y 'll g iv e m e 5% in te re s t.
I w a n t t o _________ s o m e m o n e y .
11
I w o r k in a s u p e r m a r k e t. T h e y p a y m e $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m o n th .
I _________ $ 1 ,6 0 0 a m o n th .
12
I c o u ld s e ll m y h o u s e f o r a b o u t $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 .
M y h o u s e _________ a b o u t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
13
W e n e e d to g et p e o p le to g iv e m o n e y to b u ild a n e w h o s p ita l.
W e w a n t t o _________ m o n e y f o r th e n e w h o s p ita l.
$ 2 ,0 0 0 .
1 35))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . C o v e r th e s e n te n c e s o n th e r ig h t . T r y t o r e m e m b e r th e m .
2 P R E P O S IT IO N S
a
inherit
1
C o m p le t e th e
3 NOUNS
P rep o sitio n c o lu m n w it h a w o r d f r o m
a
M a t c h th e n o u n s a n d d e f in it io n s .
th e lis t .
by
fo r (x2)
fro m
in (x2)
into
on
ATM (BritE c a s h m achine) 'ei ti 'em / b ill/ b il/
eeift /ko in / lo an /lo o n / m o rtg a g e /'m orgid.V
s a la ry /'sadori/ ta x /tacks/
to
Preposition
1 Would you like to pay
card?
cash o r
cre d it
2
books yesterday.
4 My uncle invested all his money
e sta te .
5 1d on 't like lending m oney
6 1borrowed a lo t o f m oney
7 They charged me $120
8 1never g e t
money.
b
c
real
friends.
th e bank.
a haircut!
debt. 1hate owing people
1 36))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
C o v e r th e
_________
a p ie c e o f m o n e y m a d e o f m e ta l
a p ie c e o f p a p e r th a t s h o w s h o w m u c h
m o n e y y o u h a ve to p a y f o r s o m e th in g
2 1paid
th e dinner la st night. It was my
birthday.
3 1sp en t $50
coin
1
in, by
P rep o sition c o lu m n . L o o k a t t h e s e n te n c e s
a n d r e m e m b e r th e p r e p o s it io n s .
3
_________
th e m o n e y y o u g e t f o r th e w o r k y o u d o
4
_________
m o n e y th a t y o u p a y to th e g o v e rn m e n t
5
_________
m o n e y th a t s o m e b o d y (or a b a n k ) lend s y o u
6
_________
m o n e y th a t a b a n k le n d s y o u to b u y a h o u se
7
_________
a m a c h in e w h e re y o u c a n g et m o n e y
b
1 37))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . C o v e r th e w o r d s a n d lo o k at
th e d e f in it io n s . T r y to r e m e m b e r th e w o r d s .
P
Phrasal verbs
I took out $200 from an ATM. (= to o k fro m m y bank
accou n t)
When can you pay me back the money I lent you? (= return)
I have to live o f f my parents while I'm in college,
(= d e p e n d on fin an cially)
It’s difficult for me and my wife to live on only one salary.
(= have e n o u g h m o n e y fo r b a sic th in g s y o u ne e d to live)
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VOCABULARY BANK
Transportation
1 P U B L IC T R A N S P O R T A T IO N
A N D V E H IC L E S
a
M a t c h th e w o r d s a n d p ic t u r e s .
b u s /bns/
s u b w a y /'sAbw ei/
fre e w a y /'friw e i/
(BritE th e u n d e r g r o u n d )
lig h t r a il / l a it red/
It re in /
t r u c k ltr\kl
1 p la t f o r m /'p ltetfo rm /
v a n /vaj n/
s c o o te r/'s k u to r/
b
c
t r a in
2 2))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
C o v e r th e w o r d s a n d lo o k a t th e p ic t u r e s .
T r y to r e m e m b e r th e w o r d s .
3 H O W LONG DO ES
IT T A K E ?
2 ON TH E ROAD
P
a
Compound nouns
Compound nouns are two nouns together where the firs t noun describes the
second, e.g., a child seat = a seat for a child, a bus stop = a place for buses to
stop, etc. In compound nouns, the firs t noun is stressed more strongly than
the second. There are many compound nouns related to road travel.
How long does it take?
It takes about an hour to get from
Princeton to New York City by train.
It took (me) more than an hour to get
to work yesterday.
How long does it take (you) to get to
school?
Use take (+ person) + time (+ to get to) to
talk about the duration of a trip, etc.
C o m p le t e th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .
camera /'kasm ra/ crash kr<e|7 hour /'auar/ ja m / d 3tem/
te fte /le in / lig h t /la it/ lim it /'lim o t/ stand /sttend/ station /'steifn/
tic k e t /'tik o t/ walk w ok w ork /w ork/ zone M oo n /
belt belt/
R e a d th e in f o r m a t io n b o x a b o v e . T h e n a s k
a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s t io n s w it h a p a r tn e r .
1
H o w d o y o u g et to w o r k / s c h o o l?
H o w lo n g d o e s it ta ke ?
2
1
4
bicycle lane
gas
2
5
car
parking
3
cross
y o u r h o u s e to th e c e n te r o f to w n ?
6 pedestrian
7 road
8 rush
9 seat
10 speed
11 speed
12 taxi
13 traffic
14 traffic
b
2 3))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n c o v e r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s a n d lo o k a t th e
p ic t u r e s . R e m e m b e r th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s .
H o w lo n g d o e s it ta k e to g et f r o m
J D Phrasal verbs
Learn these phrasal verbs connected
with transportation and travel.
We set o ff at 7:00 in the morning to try
to avoid the traffic. (= leave on a trip)
I arrive at 8:15. Do you think you could pick
me up at the station? (= go somewhere in
a car and get him/her, etc.)
1got on the wrong bus, and / ended up
on the opposite side o f town. (= find
yourself in a place / situation that you
did not expect)
We’re running out o f gas. Let's stop
at the next gas station. (= finish your
supply o f something)
Watch out! / Look out! You’re going to
crash! (= be careful or pay attention to
something dangerous)
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VOCABULARY BANK
Dependent prepositions
1 AFTER VERBS
a
C o m p le t e th e
Preposition
P rep o sitio n c o lu m n w i t h a w o r d
f r o m th e lis t .
about at
between for
in o f on to
with
the police officer
2 We’re arriving
Miami on Sunday.
_____
3 We’re arriving
O’Hare Airport at 3:45.
_____
4 Who does this book belong
5 I never argue
?
my husband
6 Could you ask the waiter
7 Do you believe
money.
the check?
He apologized to the police officer for driving fast,
b
these two bags.
c
C o v e r th e
P rep o sitio n c o lu m n . S a y th e
s e n te n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t p r e p o s it io n .
_____
the weather.
C o m p le t e th e
me! I'm doing my best!
_____
the party.
the gas, can you pay for the parking?
14 This music reminds me
our honeymoon in Italy.
15 I don’t spend a lot of money
clothes.
1 My brother is afraid*
2 She’s really angry
f r o m th e lis t .
in of
on to
with
her boyfriend
3 I’ve never been good
5 I’m very close
8 I’m fed up
last night.
My brother is afraid of* bats.
you.
the last one.
going to Brazil.
listening to you complaining.
9 Krakow is famous
its main square.
10 My sister is very interested
astrology.
‘also scared of and frightened of
11 I’m very fond
2 26))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
12 She’s very passionate
riding her bike. She does
about 30 miles every weekend.
P rep o sition c o lu m n . S a y th e
s e n te n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t p r e p o s it io n .
J D Gerunds after prepositions
Remember that after a preposition we use a verb
in the gerund (+ -ing).
We're really excited a b o u t g o i n g to Brazil.
I’m tired o f w a lk in g .
my little nephew. He’s adorable.
13 I don’t like people who aren’t kind
14 She used to be married
15 I’m really happy
17 Why are you always rude
salespeople?
19 I’m tired
animals.
a pop star.
my new motorcycle.
16 My dad was very proud
18 Rachel is worried
< p .3 1
_____
my older sister.
7 We’re really excited
C o v e r th e
_____
sports.
6 This exercise isn't very different
c
_____
.of___
bats.
4 Eat your vegetables. They’re good
b
_____
Preposition
P rep o sitio n c o lu m n w it h a w o r d
about at for from
_____
_____
2 A F T E R A D J E C T IV E S
a
_____
my childhood last night.
12 I'm really looking forward
13 If I pay
2 25))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
_____, _____
_____
9 We might go out. It depends
11 Don’t laugh
. for
_____
ghosts?
8 I can't choose
10 I dreamed
driving fast,
to
1 He apologized
learning to ski.
waiters and
losing her job.
walking. Let’s stop and rest.
(or to)
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Sports
1 PEOPLE A N D PLA C ES
a
M a t c h th e w o r d s a n d p ic t u r e s .
1
c a p t a in /'km pton/
s p e c ta to r s /'s p e k tc ito rz / /
c o a c h /ko o tf/
th e c r o w d /k ra u d /
fans/f<Enz/
te a m 'tim /
p la y e rs /'p le ia rz/
s t a d iu m /'ste id ia m /
re fe re e /refo'ri/ /
s p o r t s a r e n a / s p o rts o'rino/
u m p ir e I m p a io r /
b
3 2)}) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . C o v e r th e w o r d s a n d lo o k at
th e p ic t u r e s . T e s t y o u r s e lf .
c
M a t c h th e p la c e s a n d s p o r t s .
course /ko rs/ court k o rt/ field / fild /
pool/pul slope /sloop/ t r a c k / t r a ik /
1
te n n is / b a s k e tb a ll
court
2 s o c c e r / b a s e b a ll____________
3
s w im m in g / d i v in g ____________
4
r u n n in g / h o r s e r a c in g ____________
5
g o l f ------------------
A ( b o o k o p e n ) sa y a s p o rt, e.g.,
6
s k i ____________
B ( b o o k c lo s e d ) say w h e re y o u p la y it, e.g.,
3 3))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n te s t a p a r tn e r .
tennis.
do get injured
w in and b e a t
You win a game, competition, medal, or trophy.
You beat another team or person NOT The
Red Sox won the Yankees.
get in shape
go
kick score
1 Professional sportspeople have to
C o m p le t e w it h th e p a s t te n s e a n d p a s t
3 A soccer player has to try to
p a r t ic ip le s .
b
beat
win
beat
_______
_______
_______
lose
tie
______
______
_______
_______
every day.
5 Our new striker is going to
6 Would you like to
7 My brothers
Verb c o lu m n w it h th e p a s t
te n s e o f a v e r b f r o m a.
Verb
the US 3-0.
2 Costa Rica
the game 3-0.
3 The Chicago Bulls
78-91 to
the Boston Celtics.
4 Spain
with Brazil 2-2.
c
tram
e
________
the ball into the goal.
a lot of goals.
swimming this afternoon?
yoga and tai-chi.
8 In basketball, players
train
.
4 I’ve started going to the gym because I want to
C o m p le t e th e
1 Costa Rica
throw
Verb
2 Don’t play tennis on a wet court. You might
a
tennis court.
d C o m p le t e t h e V erb c o lu m n w it h a v e r b f r o m th e lis t .
2 VERBS
P
d
the ball to each other.
.
________
________
________
________
________
________
3 5))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . C o v e r th e V erb c o lu m n s in b a n d d.
T e s t y o u r s e lf .
P
Phrasal verbs
It’s important to warm up before you do any vigorous exercise. (= do
light exercise to get ready, e.g., for a game)
My daughter works out every afternoon. (= exercises at a gym)
My team was knocked out in the semi-finals. (= eliminated)
3 4))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k a a n d b.
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VOCABULARY BANK
Relationships
1 P E O P LE
a
M a t c h th e w o r d s a n d d e f in it io n s .
classmate /'k lte sm e it/
close friend k lo u s fre n d /
colleague /'ka lig / couple .'kA.pl/
ex /eks/ fiancd T iu n'sci/ (female fiancee)
partner /'part nor/ roommate /'ru m m e it/
b
1
couple _________ t w o p e o p le w h o a re m a r r ie d o r in a r o m a n t ic r e la t io n s h ip
2
_______________
y o u r h u s b a n d , w ife , b o y fr ie n d , o r g ir lf r ie n d
3
_______________
th e p e r s o n th a t y o u a re e n g ag ed to b e m a r r ie d to
4
_______________
a p e rs o n th a t y o u s h a re a n a p a r t m e n t o r h o u s e w it h
5
_______________
a p e r s o n th a t y o u w o r k w it h
6
_______________
(colloquial ) a p e r s o n t h a t y o u u se d to h a v e a r e la t io n s h ip
w it h
3 19))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k . C o v e r th e
d e f in it io n s a n d lo o k a t th e w o r d s .
R e m e m b e r th e d e f in it io n s .
7
_______________
a v e r y g o o d f r ie n d th a t y o u c a n t a lk to a b o u t a n y t h in g
8
_______________
a f r ie n d f r o m s c h o o l o r c o lle g e
2 VERBS A N D VERB PHRASES
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h a v e r b o r v e r b p h r a s e in th e p a s t te n s e .
be together become friends break up get along get in touch get married
get to know go out together have something in common lose touch meet
propose
1
1 met_______ M a r k w h e n I w a s s t u d y in g at B o s t o n U n iv e r s ity .
2
W e ________ e a c h o th e r q u ic k ly b e c a u se w e w e n t to th e s a m e cla sse s.
3
W e s o o n _________ , a n d w e d is c o v e re d th a t w e _________ a l o t __________ . F o r
e x a m p le , w e b o t h lik e d a r t a n d m u s ic .
4
W e _________ i n o u r s e c o n d s e m e ste r, a n d w e f e ll in lo v e.
5
W e _________ f o r t w o y e a rs, b u t w e a rg u e d a lo t, a n d in o u r la s t se m e s te r o f
s c h o o l, w e _________ .
6
A f t e r w e g ra d u a te d f r o m c o lle g e , w e _________ b e c a u s e I m o v e d to C h ic a g o ,
a n d h e sta y e d in B o s to n .
7
F iv e y e a rs la te r, w e _________ a g a in o n F a c e b o o k . W e w e re b o t h s t i l l sin g le ,
a n d M a r k h a d m o v e d to C h ic a g o , to o .
8
T h is t im e w e _________ b e tt e r th a n b e fo re , m a y b e b e ca u se w e w e re o ld e r.
9
A f t e r t w o m o n th s M a r k _________ a n d I a cce p te d .
10
W e _________ la s t s u m m e r. A lo t o f o u r o ld c o lle g e f r ie n d s c a m e
to th e w e d d in g !
b
c
3 20))) L is t e n a n d c h e c k .
L o o k a t th e p ic t u r e s . T r y t o r e m e m b e r th e s to ry .
^ 3 Colloquial language
I went out last night with some buddies. (= friends)
I’m really into a girl I met in class last week. (= I’m attracted to her)
Jane dumped her boyfriend last night! (= told him th a t their relationship
was over)
My younger sister has a crush on Justin Bieber! (= be madly in love with
when you are young)
Phrasal verbs
My sister and her boyfriend broke u p /s p lit up last month. (= ended
their relationship)
My brother has been going out with Ns girlfriend for two years. (= dating)
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Irregular verbs
5 45)))
Infinitive
Simple past
Past participle
learn /lorn/
learned /lornd/
learned
Infinitive
Simple past
Past participle
leave /iiv/
le ft /left/
le ft
be /bi/
was /wo//
were /war/
been /bin/
lend /lend/
lent /lent/
lent
let /let/
let
let
beat /bit/
beat
beaten /'bitn/
lie /lai/
lay /lei/
lain /lein/
becom e/bi'knm/
became /bi'keim/
become
lose /luz/
lost /lost/
lost
begin /bi'gin/
began /bfgam/
begun /bi'gnn/
make Zrneik/
made /meid/
made
bite /ban/
b it /bit/
b itte n /'bitn/
mean /min/
meant /ment/
meant
break/breik/
broke /brook/
broken Abroukan/
m eet /m it/
m et /met/
m et
bring /brio/
brought /brot/
brought
build /bild/
built /bilt/
built
pay /pei/
paid Zpeid/
paid
buy Zbai/
bought /hot/
bought
put /put/
put
put
can /keen/
could /kod/
-
read /rid/
read /red/
read /red/
catch /kajff/
caught /kot/
caught
ride /raid/
rode /rood/
ridden/'ndn/
choose /tfuz/
chose /tj'ouz/
chosen /’tfoozn/
ring /ng/
rang /ɪ-æŋ/
rung Itm)/
come Zknm/
came keim/
come
run /rnn/
ran /ran/
run
cost /kost/
cost
cost
say /sei/
said /sed/
said
cu t /knt/
cut
cut
see /si/
saw /so/
seen /sin/
do /du/
did /did/
done /clnn/
sell /sel/
sold /sould/
sold
draw /dro/
drew /dru/
drawn /dron/
send /send/
sent /sent/
sent
dream /drim/
dreamed /drimd/
(dreamt /dremi/)
dreamed
(dreamt)
set /set/
set
set
shine /fain/
shone /foon/
shone
drink /driqk/
drank /dnegk/
drunk Zdrnok/
shut /Jat/
shut
shut
drive /draiv/
drove /droov/
driven /'dnvn/
sing /sip/
sang /steo/
sung /snr)/
sit /sit/
sat /sait/
sat
eat /it/
ate /eit/
eaten Z'itn/
sleep /slip/
slept /slept/
slept
fa ll /fol/
fe ll /fd /
fallen /'fotan/
speak/spik/
spoke /spook/
spoken /'spoukan/
fe e l/fil/
fe lt /felt/
fe lt
spend /spend/
spent /spent/
spent
find /fame!/
found /faund/
found
stand /sl^nd/
stood /stud/
stood
fly /flai/
fle w 'flu/
flow n /floon/
s te a l/stil/
stole /stool/
stolen /'sloulan/
forget /for'get/
fo rg o t /for'gat/
fo rg o tte n /for'gotn/
swim /swim/
swam /swsm/
swum su \m/
g e t /get/
g o t /gat/
g o tte n /'gain/
take /teik/
to o k /tok/
taken /‘tcikon/
give /giv/
gave/geiv/
given /'yivn/
teach /tiff/
ta u g h t /tot/
taught
go /goo/
w ent /went/
gone /gan/
te ll /tel/
told /took!/
told
grow /grou/
grew /gni/
grown /groun/
th in k /Oipk/
th o u g ht /(tot/
thought
hang /1ɪæŋ/
hung /1ıʌŋ/
hung
throw /θɪ-θʊ/
th re w /Oru/
throw n /Oroun/
have haw/
had /hæd/
had
heard /hard/
heard
understood
/nndar'stud/
understood
hear/hir/
understand
Ando'staend/
h it /hit/
hit
hit
wake weik/
woke /wouk/
woken /'woukan/
hurt /hart/
hurt
hurt
wear /wer/
wore /w or/
worn /worn/
keep /kip/
kept /kept/
kept
win /win/
won /wnn/
won
know /noo/
knew Znu/
known /noun/
w rite /ran/
w rote /rout/
w ritte n /'ntn/
Irregular verbs
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SO UND BANK
Vowel sounds
usual spelling
! but also
usual spelling
! but also
ee
ea
e
b e e f sp e ed
p e o p le m a g a z in e
c o u ld
p e a c h te a m
n ie c e re c e ip t
u
oo
ɪ
d is h b i l l
p r e tt y
p itc h
b u s y d e c id e d
r e fu n d
tic k e t s in c e
cook
s h o u ld
w o u ld
book
w om an
lo o k g o o d
m e d iu m
f it
f u ll
h u ll
w om en
v illa g e
A v e ry u n u su a l sound,
s u re p lu r a l
p h y s ic s
to u r is t
eer c h e e rs e n g in e e r
ere h e re w e ’re
ear b e a rd
u
s e r io u s
e no ug h c o u n try
duck
to u g h
cup
fa n tra v e l
M a n y d if f e r e n t s p e llin g s ,
c r a s h ta x
/ə/ is a lw a y s u n s tre s s e d ,
a b o u t c o m p la in
c a r r y la n d
c o m p u te r
ca t
e
m o n e y som eone
u g ly
up
a p p e a ra n c e
a
p u b lic s u b je c t
m e n u le n d
f r ie n d ly
a lre a d y
te x t sp e n d
h e a lth y m a n y
p le n ty c e n t
sa id
er
ir
ur
p e r s o n p r e fe r le a r n
w o rk
d ir t y
w o r ld
ou
h o u r a ro u n d
t h ir d
w o rs e
p ic tu r e
c u r ly t u r n
b ird
egg
air
a ir p o r t u p s ta irs
t h e ir th e re
f a ir h a ir
w ear pear
a re a
o
w a tc h w a n t
ow l
c h a ir
p lo t s h o t
d ra w
sa w
th o u g h t c a u g h t
o w e s lo w
fr o z e n sto v e
a lth o u g h
oa
ro a s t c o a t
s h o u ld e rs
ar
g a rd e n c h a rg e
h e a rt
s ta r te r
a u d ie n c e
w a lk t a lk
ca r
saw
or s p o r t s f lo o r
ore b o re sco re
b ro k e sto n e
phone
c lo c k
b a ld w a ll
o*
c a lm
c o tta g e o n
a
aw
al
g ro u n d
ow t o w n b r o w n
are ra re c a r e fu l
shop co m edy
p ro u d
w a rm
c o u rs e
b o a rd
a*
ai
ay
save gate
b r e a k ste a k
r a ilr o a d p la in
g re a t w e ig h t
m a y sa y g ra y
th e y
oi
b o ile d
tra in
h o rse
oo
u*
pool m oody
tr u e
s tu d e n t
s u itc a s e ju ic e
s h o e m o v e so u p
oy
th ro u g h
boot
n o is y
s p o il c o in
e n jo y e m p lo y e r
boy
* e s p e c ia lly b e fo re c o n s o n a n t + e
i*
f in e
y
s h y m o to r c y c le
sig n
b u y eves
h e ig h t
igh f lig h t fr ig h te n e d
b ik e
v o w e ls
v o w e ls fo llo w e d b v
Irl
d ip h t h o n g s
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SO UND BANK
Consonant sounds
usual spelling
p
! but also
usual spelling
th
plate
pp
s h o p p in g
a p p ly
m a th te e th
th
bea n s b ill
p r o b a b ly c ra b
key
bb
s tu b b o rn
w it h
dubbed
fa r th e r to g e th e r
c
k
ck
c o u r t s c r ip t
c h e m is t y s c h o o l
k in d
s to m a c h
k ic k
t r a c k lu c k y
ch
c h a n g e ch e a t
tch
w a tc h m a tc h
t (+ ure) p ic tu r e fu tu r e
s q u id
account
chess
g o lf g r ille d
c o lle a g u e fo rg e t
gg
a g g re s s iv e lu g g a g e
f
ph
ff
fo o d
p h a rm a cy nephew
v
v a n v e g e ta b le s
ro o f
ja z z
e n o u g h la u g h
j
g
dge
je a lo u s ju st
I
lim i t s a la r y
II
s e ll r e b e llio u s
r
r e s u lt re fe ree
leg
of
tra v e l in v e s t
p r iv a te
r ig h t
ta ste te n n is
s ta d iu m
tt
w o rk e d
p a ssed
rr
b o rro w
w
w a r w a ste
s t r ic t
m a r r ie d
wh
w h is t le w h ic h
d ir e c t o r a ffo r d
fa ile d
b o re d
y
yet year
c o m e d y c o n fid e n t
dd
o n e once
y o g u r t y o u r s e lf
a d d re s s m id d le
yacht
s
ss
c
ste p s lik e s
s c ie n c e scen e
b e fo re
m
b o s s a s s is ta n t
e, i,y)
la z y
mm
s u m m e r s w im m in g
n
neck honest
fr e e z in g
la m b
z e b ra
s h o r t d is h w a s h e r
s u g a r s u re
s e lf is h
m a c h in e c h e f
ti (+ vowel)
ng
c o o k in g g o in g
b e fo re
s in g e r
s p a c io u s s o c ia b le
g/k
t h in k
h
ci (+ vowel)
te le visio n
te n n is t h in n e r
s p r in g b r in g
a m b it io u s e x p la n a tio n
d e c is io n c o n f u s io n u s u a lly
nn
no se
lo v e s c o u s in s
ca sh
knee knew
n o n e c h im n e y
n o se
sh
m ean a rm
m onkey
snake
z
s
u u n iv e r s it y a rg u e
r o m a n t ic c h a r m in g
t w ic e c it y c y c le
( b e fo re
v o ic e d
w ro n g
w itc h
d
o
w r it t e n
w e s te rn h ig h w a y
a t tr a c t iv e c o tta g e
tie
show er
b r id g e ju d g e
e le m e n ta r y fr ie d
b e lie v e
vase
t
g e n e ro u s m a n a g e r
u n t il r e lia b le
t r a f f ic a ffe c tio n a te
flo w e r
dog
th e th a t
m o th e r
g
g ir l
t h r ille r
th u m b
b
bag
th ro w
h e a lth y p a th
t r a n s p o r t t r ip
p a rro t
! but also
to n g u e
h a n d s o m e h e lm e t
w h o w hose
b e h a v e in h e r it
w h o le
u n h a p p y p e rh a p s
h o u se
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