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Form 4 Chapter 4
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008
Year
Paper No.
Type of
question
2003
P2
S
Question No
2004
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2005
P3
E
2
S
P2
E
S
2006
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2007
P3
E
1
S
8
P2
E
S
5a
5b
5c
2008
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2
P3
E
S
E
2
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1
SPM 2003/P2/Q2
Table 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.
Figure 2
Based on Figure 2, answer the following questions.
a) What is the element represented by the symbol Fe?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b)
In figure 2, mark ‘X’ in the boxes for all the transition elements.
[1 mark]
c)
State one specific characteristic of transition elements.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
d)
Write the electron configuration for the Mg atom.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
1
e)
i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
ii) Briefly state the electron transfer in the bond formation between aluminium and
oxygen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
f)
Helium Gas
- light
- not reactive
- colorless
Hydrogen Gas
- light
- flammable
- colorless
Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in
meteorological balloons?
Give one reason.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
2
SPM 2005/P2/Q1
Figure 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Q, R, T, X and Y do not represent the actual symbol of the elements
a)
Figure 1
Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in the Figure 1, answer the
following questions.
You may use the Periodic Table of the Elements on page ……………
i) Choose an element that is a halogen.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
ii) Which element is monoatomic?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
iii) Which element forms an amphoteric oxide?
………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
b)
Arrange Q, R, T, X and Y according to increase in size of the atoms.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
c)
Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
d)
Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
e)
Why are elements Q and R placed in the same period?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
f)
When a small piece of element T is put into water, TOH solution is formed and
hydrogen gas is released.
State one observation when red litmus paper is put into the solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
g)
State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
3
SPM 2007/P2/Q5
Diagram 5 shows the symbols of the atoms of element X and element Y.
The letter used are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Diagram 5
a)
State the proton number of the atom of element X
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b)
i) Identify the position of element X in the Periodic Table of Elements.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
ii) Explain why element X is placed at the position identified in 5(b)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
c)
i) The reaction between element X and oxygen is less reactive than the reaction
between element Y and oxygen.
Explain this using ideas about valence electron.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
ii) Draw a labeled diagram to show the apparatus set-up that can be used to
determine the reactivity of the reaction between element X or element Y and
oxygen gas.
[2 marks]
d)
F4 Topic : The Structure of the atom
2.3 g of element X reacted completely with oxygen.
The following equation represents the reaction.
4X(s) + O2(g)
2X2O(s)
[Relative atomic mass: X = 23, O = 16]
i) Calculate the number of moles of element X.
[1 mark]
ii) Calculate the maximum mass of X2O
formed.
[3 marks]
4
SPM 2008/P2/Q2
Table 2.1 shows a group of elements.
Table 2.1
a)
In which group of the Periodic Table are these elements located?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b)
Write the electron arrangement for an atom of fluorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
c)
Fluorine atoms are smaller than chlorine atoms.
Explain why fluorine forms a negative ion more easily than chlorine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
d)
State the type of chemical bond in an iodine molecule.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
e)
Chlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound.
i) State the type of chemical bond in this compound.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
ii)Draw a diagram to show the electron arrangement in this
compound. [Proton number of Na = 11]
[2 marks]
f)
Table 2.2 shows three pairs of chemicals.
Chemicals
KI (aq) + Cl2 (aq)
KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq)
KBr (aq) + KCl (aq)
Put a tick (/) in the box beside the pair of chemicals which will undergo a
displacement reaction.
[1 mark]
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1
SPM 2003/P2/Q2
a)
b)
Iron/Ferum
c)
1. Formed compound with different oxidation numbers
2. Formed colored ions or compound
3. Formed complex ions
4. As a catalyst
2.8.2
i) 4Al + 3O2
2 Al2O3
3+
ii) Aluminium atom releases 3 electrons to form aluminium ion, (Al ).
2Oxygen atom receive 2 electrons to form oxide ion, (O ). Two aluminium
atoms release a total of 6 electrons while 3 oxygen atoms receive 2 electrons
3+
2each. The strong electrostatic force between Al and O form aluminium
oxide compound (Al2O3)
Helium gas because helium is inert gas
d)
e)
f)
2
SPM 2005/P2/Q1
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3
i) Y
ii) R
iii) X
R, Q, Y, X and T
2.4
-
Y
Both Q and R have the same number of electron shells filled with electrons
Red litmus paper turns blue
Transition elements
SPM 2007/P2/Q5
a)
b)
c)
11
i) Period 3, Group 1
ii) The electron arrangement is 2.8.1. X has three electron shells and one
valence electron.
i) The size of atom Y is larger than the size of atom X. The distance between
the valence electron and nucleus increases. The force of attraction is
smaller. It is easier for Y to release its valence electron.
ii)
d)
i) Number of moles of element X
= 2.3/23
= 0.1
ii) Relative molecular mass of X2O
= 46 + 16
= 62
4 moles of X
2 moles of X2O
0.1 mole of X
0.05 mole of X2O
Maximum mass of X2O
= 0.05 x 62
= 3.1 g
4
SPM 2008/P2/Q2
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Group 17
2.7
The outermost occupied shell of a fluorine atom is nearer to the nucleus. The
strength of the fluorine nucleus to attract electrons is higher. Fluorine
atom can accept electron easily to form negative ions.
Covalent bond
i) Ionic bond
ii)
-
+
+
Na
Cl
-
f)
Chemicals
KI (aq) + Cl2 (aq)
KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq)
KBr (aq) + KCl (aq)
/
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008
Year
Paper No.
Type of
question
Question No
1
2003
P2
S
2004
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2005
P3
E
S
2
P2
E
S
1
2006
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2007
P3
E
S
8
P2
E
S
2008
P3
E
S
P2
E
5a
5b
5c
S
2
P3
E
S
E
2
SPM 2006/P2/Q8(SECTION B)
Diagram 8.1 and diagram 8.2 shows the diagrams of the electron arrangement for atoms
of two elements from Group 17 in periodic Table of Elements.
Diagram 8.1
a)
Diagram 8.2
Based on Diagram 8.1:
i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element and name the
element.
[2 marks]
ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between this element and
sodium hydroxide.
[3 marks]
b)
Compare the attractive forces between the nuclei and the valence electrons in the
atoms in Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 and relate this to their respective reactivity.
[6 marks]
c)
Another element in Group 17 is black colored solid.
Predict the reactivity of this element in its reaction with sodium hydroxide compared
to that of the element in Diagram 8.2.
[1 mark]
d)
Diagram 8.3 shows the set-up of the apparatus to investigate the reaction of an
element from Group 17 with iron metal.
Diagram 8.3
i) State two precautions that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.
[2 marks]
ii) Describe and write the chemical equations for the reaction that occur in Part
G and Part H.
[6 marks]
2
SPM 2008/P3/Q2
The three statements below describe the observation made when three elements react
with water. The elements are in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of elements.
Statement 1
Lithium, Li, moves slowly at random on the surface of the water with a little fizzing.
The water then turns red litmus paper to blue.
Statement 2
Sodium, Na, moves rapidly at random on the surface of the water with a ‘hissing’ sound.
The water then turns red litmus paper to blue.
Statement 3
Potassium, K, moves very rapidly at random on the surface of the water. It ignites with
lilac flame with a ‘pop’ and a ‘hissing’ sound. The water then turns red litmus paper to
blue.
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium
with water.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Aim of the experiment
All the variables
Statement of the hypothesis
List of substances and apparatus
e)
f)
Procedure of the experiment
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
CHAPTER 4: PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1
SPM 2006/P2/Q8(SECTION B)
a)
i) The electron configuration is 2.8.7. The element is chlorine.
ii) Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + H2O(l)
b)1. The atom in Diagram 8.2 has four electron shell
2. The distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons of atom in
Diagram 8.2 is greater than atom in Diagram 8.1
3. The attractive forces between the nucleus and the valence electron
becomes weaker.
4. The atom in Diagram 8.1 has a stronger attraction towards electron
compared to the atom in Diagram 8.2.
5. The atom in Diagram 8.1 is more electronegative compare to atom in
Diagram 8.2.
6. Therefore atom in Diagram 8.1 is more reactive compared to the atom in
Diagram 8.2.
c)
Less reactive
d)
i) 1. Concentrated acid is corrosive and the experiment must be conducted
in a fume chamber.
2. Make sure that the apparatus are connected tightly to prevent leakage
of chlorine gas. Chlorine gas is poisonous.
ii) Part G
Chlorine gas will react with iron wool to produce iron (III) chloride solid.
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g)
2FeCl3(s)
Part H
The excess chlorine gas will flow into sodium hydroxide solution to produce
sodium chloride, sodium chlorate (I) and water.
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + H2O(l)
1
SPM 2008/P3/Q2
a)
Aim of the experiment :
To investigate the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium with water.
b)
All the variables :
Manipulated variable : Different type of alkali metal
Responding variable : Reactivity of metals
Fixed variable
: Water, size of alkali metal
c)
Statement of the hypothesis :
When going down Group 1, alkali metals become more reactive in their reaction
with water.
d)
List of substances and apparatus :
Substances : Small pieces of lithium, sodium and potassium, filter paper,
distilled water, red litmus paper
Apparatus : Water troughs, small knife, forceps
e)
Procedure of the experiment :
1. Cut a small piece of lithium using a knife and forceps.
2. Dry the oil on the surface of the lithium with filter paper.
3. Place the lithium slowly onto the water surface in a water trough.
4. When the reactions stop, test the solution produced with red litmus paper.
5. Record the observation on the table.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 using sodium and potassium to replace lithium one by
one.
f)
Tabulation of data:
Alkali Metals
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Observation