Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12 Learner Activity Sheets Quarter 1 – Week 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster and Risk Factor Underlying Disasters First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this activity sheets are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets Writer: Melvin C. Cabonegro Regional Validators: Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña Abraham Masendo Mary Grace P. Dela Cruz Maria Venus L. Rallos Glen B. Pacot Noraine Princess Tabangcora AJ Pelegro Ace Michael B. Magalso Division Validators: Jean B. Ramirez Jonas F. Saldia Anni Grace C. Macalalag Stephen Laurence C. Rosales Janet C. Taer Mary Jane R. Ty Ma. Isabel Katrina N. Borja Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte Jennifer D. Mordeno Luna C. Munda Management Team: Marilou B. Dedumo, PhD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Maria Dinah D. Abalos, PhD, CID Chief Donald D. Orbillos, PhD, LR Manager Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor Author: Melvin C. Cabonegro School/Station: Taligaman National High School Division: Butuan City email address: melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 0 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12, Quarter 1, Week 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISASTER AND RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS Name: _______________________________________ Section: _________________ Most Essential Learning Competencies: 1. Explain the meaning of disaster. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-1) 2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-2) Learning Objectives: After going through this learning activity, learners are expected to: 1. Discuss the two types of disaster; and 2. Distinguish the risk factors underlying the given disaster situation. Time Allotment: 4 hours Key Concepts: Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Disaster is ―a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property‖. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definitions of disaster stresses that two elements are affected – life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary – it may a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them useless and inhabitable) and worst scenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster Preparedness, ADPC, 2012) According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is a ―serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or to society to cope using its own resources‖. Disasters can be divided into large categories: A. Natural Disasters – a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous effects. B. Man-made Disasters – caused by man or in which major direct causes are identifiable intentions or non-intentional human actions. Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 1 Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35). Risk factors are processes or conditions, often development-related that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity. Risk factors which underlie disasters: 1. Climate Change – can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns. For most people, the expression ―climate change‖ means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 2. Environmental Degradation – changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges (UNISDR, 2009b). It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs. Over consumption of natural resources results in environmental degradation, reducing the effectiveness of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods and landslides. This leads increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further degrade the environment. 3. Globalized Economic Development – It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed. By participating in risk-sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure, environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be reduced. Dominance and increased of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013). 4. Poverty and Inequality – Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffers disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a cause and consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al., 2013). The impact of disasters on the poor can, in addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences. Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but extensive research over the past 30 years has revealed that is generally the poor who tend to suffers worst from disasters (DFID, 2004; Wisner et al., 2044; UNISDR, 2009b). Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 2 5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development – A new wave or urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities. The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk exposure. 6. Weak Governance – weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services. Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance (UNISDR, 2015a). Disaster risk governance refers to the specific arrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk (UNISDR, 2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in UNISDR, 2015a). Activity 1. Understanding Disaster Objective: Discuss the two types of disaster. What you need: paper and pen What to do: 1. In this activity, you must identify the classification of disaster as well as its effect in the given disaster situations. 2. Accomplish the table below and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Disaster Classification of Disaster (Natural or Man-Made) Effect of Disaster 1. typhoon 2. war 3. volcanic eruption 4. earthquake 5. vehicular accident 6. floods in rivers and Coastal areas 7. tsunami 8. bomb explosion 9. chemical leakages 10. plane crash Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 3 Guide Questions: Q1. What are the two types of disaster? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Q2. What is the difference between natural from man-made disaster? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Q3. In your own words, how you would define disaster? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Scoring Rubric for Q3 Points Description 3 Student answers the question correctly with reasoning. 2 Student answers the question and explanation is somewhat accurately stated. 1 Student gives a wrong answer and many misconceptions are identified in the explanation. Activity 2. What is the Risk Factor? Objective: Distinguish the risk factor underlying the given disaster situation. What you need: paper and pen What to do: 1. Complete the table by identifying the risk factors underlying disaster in each situation. 2. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Situation Risk Factors Underlying Disaster 1. unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing disaster risk department 2. rising sea levels 3. cities located in low-altitude such as Butuan City are exposed to sea-level rise and flooding 4. houses are built with lightweight materials 5. deforestation that can lead to landslide Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 4 Guide Questions: Q1. How does each risk factors different from one another? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Q2. How would you lessen the impact of risk factors underlying disaster? _______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Scoring Rubric for Q1 and Q2 Points Description 3 Student answers the question correctly with reasoning. 2 Student answers the question and explanation is somewhat accurately stated. Student gives a wrong answer and many misconceptions are identified in the 1 explanation. Reflection: Suppose you are invited by the SK Chairman in your barangay as a resource speaker to your fellow age group during an Environmental Awareness Activity and you were asked to give emphasis on the risk factors underlying disasters so that young people will be equipped with knowledge on how to mitigate the effects of a disaster. Have a concept in mind of how you are going to deliver the information. Write down what you want to deliver to the audience on a separate sheet of paper. Scoring Rubric Points 3 2 1 0 Description Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with the concepts and has no misconception. Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with the concepts, but with minimal misconception. Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with the concepts, but with misconceptions. No discussion. References: Aquino, Ginalyn H., Barairo, Rodgem A. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 Module 1: Basic Concept of Disater and Disaster Risk. Edited by Vanessa R. Ambas, Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo and Josefina M. Fabra. Department of Education, 2020. —. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 - Module 2: Risk Factors Underlying Disasters. Edited by Vanessa R. Ambas, Ma. Fe Lorelie E. Amon and Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo. Department of Education, 2020. Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 5 Author: School/Station: Division: email address: Melvin C. Cabonegro Taligaman National High School Butuan City melvin.cabonegro@deped.gov.ph 6 Activity 2. What is the Risk Factor? 4. Poverty and Inequality 6. Environmental Degradation 4. houses are built with lightweight materials 5. deforestation that can lead to landslide 3. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development 3. cities located in low-altitude such a Butuan are exposed to sea-level rise and flooding 2. Climate Change Situation 1. unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing disaster risk department 2. rising sea levels Factors Underlying Disaster 1. Weak Governance Q1. Answer may vary. Q2. Answer may vary. Activity 1. Understanding Disaster Disaster Classification of Disaster (Natural or Man-Made) Natural 1. typhoon 2. war conflicts Man-made Natural 4. earthquake Natural 3. volcanic eruption Natural 6. floods in rivers and Coastal areas 7. tsunami Man-made 5. vehicular accident Natural Man-made 10. plane crash Man-made 9. chemical leakages Man-made 8. bomb explosion (Effect of Disaster Answer may vary. Ex. Destroyed houses and structures, broken windows, torn rooftop Answer may vary. Ex. Death, destroyed houses and structure, collapsed wall Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses Answer may vary. Ex. Death, broken car and window Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses an structures Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses an structures Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses an structures Answer may vary. Ex. Death, collapsed wall, destroyed houses an structures Q1. Natural and Man-made disaster. Q2. Natural Disasters is a natural phenomenon caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures while Manmade is a disasters caused by man or in which major direct causes are identifiable intentions or non-intentional human actions. Q3. Answer may vary. Answer Key
