CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
LO1: ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE
Learning Competencies

Plan and prepare unit assembly to ensure OH&S policies
and procedures are followed in accordance with systems
requirements.

Identify and obtain necessary materials to complete the
work in accordance with established procedures and
checked against systems requirements.

Obtain tools, equipment and testing devices needed to
carry out the installation work in accordance with
established procedures and checked for correct operation
and safety.

Assemble computer hardware is in accordance with
established procedures and systems requirements.

Perform Basic-input-output-system (BIOS) configuration in
accordance with hardware requirements.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
1 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AFTER READING THIS INFORMATION SHEET, LEARNER(S)
MUST BE ABLE TO:

Identify different types and parts of a computer.

Explain hardware components of a computer.

Before you start reading this module, please bear with me regarding
inaccuracies in writing/grammar/spelling and unavoidable
typographical errors.
Please feel free to contact me for specific phrases, sentences, or
words that you may found inaccurate.
CSS TRAINER/ASSESSOR
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
2 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION
A
re you new to computers? Do you wonder what they capable of and why you
would tempt to use one? This information gives an overview of computers: What
they are, the different types of computers, and their parts.
In an office, many people use computers to keep records, analyze data, do research,
and manage projects. At home, you can use computers to find information, save pictures
and music, track finances, play games, and communicate with others—and those are
just a few of the possibilities.
You can also use your computer to connect to the Internet, a network that links devices
around the world. With Internet access, you can easily communicate with people and
find a massive amount of information.
If you use a computer, you might already know that there's no single part can be called
a "computer." A computer is a system of many parts working together. The physical
components, which you can feel and touch, are systematically called hardware.
THE COMPUTER
A computer is a device that manipulates information or "data." It can store, retrieve,
and process data. You can use a computer to play games, send an email, and browse
the Internet. It can also be used to perform worksheets, accounting, database
management, presentations, sharing of videos, and more.
Computers Simplified
For new users, the computer at an electronics store can be quite a mystery. However,
computers aren't that mysterious. All types of computers consist of two essential parts:
Hardware is any part of your computer with a physical structure like a computer
monitor or keyboard.
Image 1: From left to right, monitor, and printer are examples of hardware
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
3 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware or another software what to
do. Examples of software are Microsoft Edge, Mobile Legends, and presentation
applications, such as Microsoft PowerPoint.
Image 2: Microsoft 365 (PowerPoint) Screenshot
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS
When you hear the word "computer," you may think of a personal computer such as a
desktop or laptop. However, computer machines come in several shapes and sizes, and
they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you watch Netflix using
your smart TV, tap your card in a grocery store, or use a calculator application, you're
using a type of computer.
Desktop computers are intended for use at a desk or table. They are usually more
substantial and more powerful than other types of personal computers. Desktop
computers are made up of detachable components. The main element is called the
system unit. It is typically a rectangular case that sits on or beneath a desk. Other
components, such as the keyboard, monitor, and mouse, attach to the system unit.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
4 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Image 3: Typical Desktop Computer
Laptop
It is a battery or AC-powered computer that is more portable than desktop computers,
allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
Image 4: A Laptop running with Windows 10
Since a laptop is smaller than a standard PC in size, it's more challenging to
replace the system components. However, several types of a laptop are possible to
add more memory or a bigger storage capacity.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
5 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Server
It is a computer that provides information to other computers on a network.
Image 5: A system engineer conducting server system check
Source: (https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/data-center-isometric-landing-page-it-engineer-servicing-server-equipment-data-center-situation-hosting-platform-hardwaresoftware-data-storage-administration-perspective-flat-design_8370332.htm)
Servers also play a vital role in making the internet work: they are where web pages
are stored. When you use your browser to visit a site, a web server delivers the page
you requested.
OTHER TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Today, there are different types of devices. Some of them are specialized computers,
even though we don't always think of them as computers. Here are a few common
examples:

Tablet Computers: These use a touch screen for inputting data and navigation.
Since they don't need a mouse or keyboard, tablet computers are more portable
than any computer device. An iPad is an example of a tablet computer.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
6 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Image 6: iPad Pro Tablet
Source: https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-ipad/ipad-pro
Mobile Phones: In some ways, mobile phones can do many things like a computer,
including browsing the Internet or playing games. These phones are often called
smartphones. A smartphone is smaller and lighter than a desktop and laptop. It is
considered the most used device compared to others.
Image 7: Samsung Galaxy S20 Smartphone
Source (https://9to5google.com/2020/02/27/galaxy-s20-camera-issues/)
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
7 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Game Consoles: A gaming computer (console) is a dedicated kind of computer that is
intended to play games. Although they are not designed as a usual computer, many
newer consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation 5 (an upcoming Sony's PlayStation 4
successor), allow you to do non-gaming tasks like internet browsing.
Image 8: Sony PlayStation 4
Smart TV: Currently, modern TV now includes applications (apps) that allow you to
access various types of online content. For example, you can view your Instagram news
feed or watch streaming movies on Netflix.
Image 9: Netflix app launched on Smart TV.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
8 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Wearable Devices
Smart Watches - is a wearable computer in the form of a traditional wristwatch.
Image 10: Apple Watch
Source (https://www.apple.com/ph/watch/)
VR headset - is a head-mounted device that provides virtual reality for the user. Virtual
reality (VR) is an artificial world generated by VR devices.
Image 11: A woman using a virtual reality device
https://image.freepik.com/free-photo/cheerful-businesswoman-with-laptop-watching-virtual-presentation_74855-1514.jpg
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
9 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
TWO MAIN STYLE OF PERSONAL COMPUTER
Personal computers originate in two "styles": PC and Mac. Both styles are fully efficient,
but they do have a different look and feel, and many people favour one or the other.

PC.
This type of computer started with the original IBM PC that was presented in
1981. Other companies began to create similar computing devices, which were
called IBM PC (often shortened to PC). These days, this is the most common
type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows
operating system.
Image 12: PC

Mac
The Macintosh was bought to market in 1984, and it was the first widely sold
personal computer with a Graphical User Interface. All Mac devices are made by
one company, Apple Inc., and they used the Mac OS X operating system.
Image 13: Mac Desktop
Source (https://www.apple.com/ph/imac/)
BASIC COMPONENT OF A DESKTOP COMPUTER
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
10 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
System Unit
It is the core of a computer system. Usually, it's a rectangular box under your desk. Inside
this box are many system components. The most essential part of this component is the
processor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another critical element is
memory, which temporarily stores information that while the computer is on.
Image 14: System Unit
Almost every part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. The cables
plug into specific ports, typically on the back of the system unit.
Mouse
It is an input device used to interact with items on your computer screen. It allows us to
move objects, open, change, and perform other actions, all by pointing and clicking with
your mouse.
Image 15: Mouse
Monitor
It is an output device that displays video images and text.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
11 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Image 16: Monitor
Monitors come in different types, each described below.

CRT (cathode ray tube) - By comparison, old school CRT monitors seem dull
and bulky. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors resemble small TV sets. They're
not flat panel monitors.

LCD (liquid crystal display) - LCD monitors look slim and hip on any desktop.
The most used monitor today, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors look
much like large laptop screens mounted on a stand.

Quantum dot LED - A display technology that uses quantum dots to emit light.
QLED is expected to be more power-efficient than OLED and less costly to
manufacture. QLED is also ultra-thin, transparent, and flexible.

OLED (organic light-emitting diode) - A display technology that offers bright,
colourful images with a wide viewing angle, low power, high contrast ratio, and
fast response time for sports and action movies. The OLED technology differs
significantly from the screens in plasma and LC D/LED Monitors/Display.

LED (light-emitting diode) - An LED display is a flat panel display, which
uses an array of light-emitting diodes as a display.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
12 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Keyboard
It is an input device that use to enter information into your computer.
Image 17: Keyboard
Speaker
Speaker is an output device used to play sound. It can be built into the system unit or
connected with cable connectors. It lets you listen to music and hear sound from your
device.
Image 18: Speaker
Printer
It is an output device that takes the data stored on a computer or other device and
generates a printed copy of it.
Different types of printer




3D Printer - is a device that creates a physical object from a digital model by
layering materials. It uses materials such as metal alloys, polymers, plastics, or
even food ingredients. It was invented by Chuck Hull in 1984.
All-in-One Printer – it is also called as MFP (multifunction printer). It is a type of
device with the functions of a printer, fax, and scanner all in one device.
Dot-Matrix – it also refers to a pin printer; dot matrix printers were first introduced
by IBM in 1957. However, the first dot-matrix impact printer was created by
Centronics in 1970.
Inkjet-printer - The most popular printer for every user that prints by spraying
streams of quick-drying ink on paper.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
13 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER

Laser printer - The laser printer was first developed at Xerox PARC by Gary
Starkweather and released in 1971. It uses laser technology to print images on
the paper. It often used for medium-size business environments that require print
jobs to be completed quickly and in large quantities
THE INTERNAL HARDWARE
MOTHERBOARD
It is the main printed circuit board within a desktop computer, laptop or server. Its
essential functions are the following:

To play as a central backbone to which all other parts, such as processor,
memory, and storage devices, can be attached as required to create a computer.

To receive (on many motherboards) different components (in particular CPU and
expansion cards) for customization.

To allocate power to system components.

To electronically talk and interface the operation of the components.
The form factor is the actual shape of a motherboard – the sizes, location of mounting
holes, power supply type, number of ports on the back panel, and dimensions.
Form Factor
Size
Basic
Characteristics
ATX.
12-inch x 9.6-inch
The most popular
form
factor
for
desktop computer
MicroATX
9.6-inch x 9.6-inch
Slightly smaller than
ATX. It can be used
in most ATX. cases.
Mini-ITX
6.75-inch x 6.75-inch Design for small
devices such as settop boxes.
Nano-ITX
4.7-inch x 4.7-inch
Designed for small
entertainment
devices
Pico-ITX
3.9-inch x 2.8-inch
Designed
devices
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
for
tiny
PAGE
14 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Table 1: Form Factors and its attributes
Image 19: Motherboard form factors
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
The processor or central processing unit is the hardware component within a computer
that transmits out the instructions of a computer program by processing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.






32-bit (x86) CPU vs 64-bit (x64)
There are two architectures of CPU, a 32-bit and a 64-bit type. The difference
between these two processors is the build, and the 32-bit processor has a
structure that can process instructions less capably than a 64-bit processor.
Clock speed is an operating speed of a CPU, defined as the rate at which it
performs internal operations and expressed in cycles per second (megahertz).
FSB Front Side Bus serves as the processor's connection to the system
memory. FSB transfer speed allows better processor performance.
Multicore Processor allows the computer to process more than a thread at a
time by swapping the threads between the core to provide quicker data
processing.
Software is like a cord made up of separate threads. It routinely uses one thread
at a time, and others use many threads called multi-thread.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
15 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
A multicore processor is like
having more people to work in a
project as a team. Every
member has a specific job
designation to perform their
tasks quickly.
Overclocking is the term used in forcibly pushing a CPU capacity to operate higher than
what is officially rated by its manufacturer. It enables the system to extend its abilities by
nearly or more than 25%, a significant boost to computer performance.
APU Accelerated Processing Unit is a processing system that comprises additional
processing ability intended to accelerate one or more kinds of computations outside of
a processor. It is a term AMD gave their CPU that also has a graphics core inside the
CPU chip. It is merely a processor that combines CPU and GPU elements into a single
architecture
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
16 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
It is a hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a
computer. It is a volatile memory and needs the power to keep the data available. If the
machine is switched off, all data contained in RAM is lost.

The Main Types of Memory
1. SIMMs come in two different sizes, as shown in the figure below, so
both sizes require a different-size socket. Early, pre-Pentium
computers use the tinier size (31⁄2 inches long), which has 30 pins
and typically holds fewer than 20MB of RAM capacity.
Pentium computers used a bigger size (4 1⁄4 inches long), which has
72 pins and typically holds no more than 64MB of memory capacity.
Both modules simply push into a socket, held in place by friction.
Image 20: 30 pin SIMM(Above), 72 pins SIMM(Below)
NOTE:
SIMMs are yesterday's technology from the early '90s computers. Don't buy
SIMMs for modern P.C.s.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
17 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
2. SDRAM DIMM (Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory
Dual In-line Memory Modules) is short for SDRAM, is a type of
memory that matches itself with the computer's system clock. Being
synchronized allows the RAM to run at higher speeds than previous
memory types and asynchronous DRAM and supports up to 133
MHz system bus cycling.
To meet the increased memory demands of the latest and more
powerful Pentium and AMD CPUs, engineers developed the faster
SDRAM DIMMs., the 5 1⁄4-inch with 168 pins DIMMs (as shown
below) look much like longer SIMMs. They slide into newly designed
slots with tiny clips holding them in place.
Image 21: 168 pins SDRAM DIMM
3. RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random-Access Memory)
It was developed by Rambus initially released in 1999. It is a memory
technology that offers a 1.6 GB/s of theoretical memory bandwidth and
offers better memory access at a little higher cost when compared to
SDRAM.
Image 22: RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random-Access Memory)
NOTE: Unless you're using a Pentium 4 with an Intel motherboard, you
probably won't be using RDRAM.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
18 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
4. DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
It was the first version of this technology and achieved its speed
increase by transferring data twice per cycle, i.e., on both the
increasing and then the dropping edge of the clock signal.
.
Image 23: DDR SDRAM
5. DDR2 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM)
Short for double data rate two, It is the 2nd generation of DDR memory
that was released in September 2003. It can operate at higher speeds
than DDR, offers higher speed, operates on less power, and generates
less heat. Due to architectural variances, DDR2 memory modules are
incompatible with predecessor (D.D.R.) slots. It transfers 64 bits of data
twice every clock cycle. DDR2-SDRAM memory is not compatible with
the current DDR-SDRAM memory slot.
Image 24: DDR2 SDRAM
6. DDR3 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM)
It is a type of SDRAM released in June 2007 as the replacement to
DDR2. DDR3 chips have a clock speed of 400 MHz up to 1066 MHz; it
consumes nearly 30% less power than its predecessor.
Image 25: DDR3 (Double Data Rate 3)
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
19 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
7. DDR4 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 4 SDRAM)
It is a kind of system memory known as SDRAM and was launched in
September. It has a bus clock speed that starts from 800 to 1600 MHz
and storage capacity from 4 to 128 GB (theoretical maximum size per
module) per DIMM.
Image 26: DDR 4
Comparison of DDR SDRAM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR_SDRAM
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
20 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
HARD DISK (HDD) is a non-volatile data storage device. Non-volatile memory
is a term used to store data regardless if the computer has power. Internal HDD
in a drive bay(space provided for HDD drive) connected to the motherboard
using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable.
Image 27: Hard Disk Drive
POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
It is a hardware component of a computer that provides the power needed by
the computer and its components.
Image 28: Power Supply Unit
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
21 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Power Supply Form Factors
Power supply form factors adapt motherboard form factors. ATX Power supply
is typical, and they fit into all sizes of BTX and ATX motherboards. You can use
smaller power supplies that suit in microATX, FlexATX, and microBTX
motherboards as well.
Notes:



Mini is also named as berg connector.
P1 (20- wire, 24 wire) also pertains to 20 or 24 pin A.T.X. power
connector
P4 connector is also 12V 4 pin power connector.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
22 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
GRAPHICS CARD is also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card,
display adapter or graphics adapter) is an add-on card which generates a feed
of output images to a display monitor.
Types of Graphics Card

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
It was introduced by Intel in 1992. The PCI bus came in both 32-bit and
64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer. It is
commonly used in computers from the late 1990s to the early 2000s;
PCI has since been substituted with PCI Express.
In the late 1990s, most computers sold before came with a graphics card
in one of their PCI slots. But nowadays, this type of slot is not used for
graphics cards; however, it is used for several add on cards such as
sound cards, LAN cards, and other types of PCI cards.
Image 29: PCI Video Card
https://graphicscardhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Generic-ATI-Rage-XL-8MB-PCI-VGA-Video-Card.jpg

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
It is an advanced port intended for video cards. Designed by Intel and
announced in August of 1997, AGP introduces a dedicated point-topoint channel that permits the graphics controller direct access to the
system memory.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
23 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
AGP slot The AGP channel is 32-bits full and runs at 66 MHz, which is
a total bandwidth of 266 MBps and much higher than the PCI bandwidth
of up to 133 MBps.
It is available in three different versions, the original AGP version
mentioned above, AGP 2.0 that was introduced in May of 1998, and
AGP 3.0 (AGP 8x) that was made available in November of 2000. AGP
2.0 added 4x signalling and was capable of operating at 1.5V, and AGP
3.0 was capable of double the transfer speeds.
By mid-2009, PCIe cards dominated the industry; AGP cards and
motherboards were still produced, but OEM driver support was minimal.
Image 30: AGP Graphic card

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-E)
Formerly known as 3rd Generation I/O (3GIO), PCI Express, or PCIe,
abbreviated as PCIe, is a faster computer expansion bus standard
intended to substitute the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. It
was approved as a standard in July 2002.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
24 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Image 31: PCI-E Video Card
What's on the card?
DisplayPort
It is a digital display interface
developed
by
the
Video
Electronics
Standards
Association
(VESA).
The
interface is mainly used to
connect a video source to a
display device such as a
computer monitor, though it can
also be used to transmit audio,
USB, and other forms of data.
High Definition Multimedia
Interface (HDMI) is a digital
interface capable of transmitting
audio and visual data through the
same cable.
Digital Visual Interface (DVI)
Digital-based standard interface
designed for displays such as
flat-panel
displays
(LCDs,
plasma screens, wide highdefinition television displays) and
video projectors.
Image 1.34 DisplayPort
Image 1.35 HDMI Port
Image 1.36 DVI Port
Analog D-Sub is a standard
interface for an analog monitor. It
was intended for CRT displays.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
25 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Image 1.37 15 pin Analog D-Sub
IO PORTS
PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse
Keyboard and Mice Connectors - Old Style 5 Pin DIN Keyboard connector. The
5 pin DIN connectors are rarely used anymore. Most computers use the miniDIN PS/2 connector, but an increasing number of new systems are dropping
PS/2 connectors in favor of USB. Adapters are available to convert 5 pin din to
PS/2.
Facts:

PS2 Keyboard (Purple) and Mouse (Green). NOT interchangeable.

Newer Motherboards may have a single PS2 connector with 1/2 purple and 1/2 Green.
Image 32: Mouse and keyboard ports
Serial Port
Serial or COM-1 port Used for External Modems and old Mice. Being phased
out on newer computers. Replaced by USB.
Image 33: Serial Port
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
26 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Parallel / Printer Port
Also called as Line Printer Terminal (LPT Port), used for old printers. It is not b
found on newer computers.
Image 34: Parallel Port
Facts:
Like serial ports, parallel ports are being replaced by USB ports. A few printers still use them,
though, so they haven't yet dropped off high-end P.C.s. You probably won't find one on a budget
P.C.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports
Use the USB ports to connect USB devices. (Universal Serial Bus) Used for
just about everything attached to a computer.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
27 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Image 35: USB standard ports and symbol
FACTS:
For the past ten years, manufacturers have shipped their computers with USB ports small,
rectangular-shaped holes ready to accept small, rectangular-shaped plugs. At first, everybody
ignored them. But slowly, companies began creating items to plug into those holes.
Firewire
Firewire connectors should not be confused with USB connectors, and they
look almost the same. FireWire is used to connect external devices like hard
drives. Sometimes FireWire is called IEEE1394a or i-link.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
28 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Image 36: Firewire
Audio and Game Ports
SPDIF is a standard for transmitting high-quality digital audio without going
through an analog conversion process. The SPDIF interface can be
implemented in two different ways, Coaxial and Optical.
Image 37: Audio Ports, (Green) Line Out, (Pink) Mic In, (Blue) Line
Ethernet Port
Connects an RJ-45 jack to the LAN port to connect your computer to the
Network.
Image 38: (Left) Ethernet cable (Right) Ethernet port
SELF CHECK 1.1-1
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
29 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer that referred to
the statement below.
1. An electronic device that manipulates information or "data."
A.
B.
C.
D.
Operating System
Hardware
Software
Computer
2. The first electronic computer and was developed in 1946. It took
up 1,800 square feet and weighed 30 tons.
A. Electric Numerical Integrator and Computer
B. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
C. Electronically Numerical Integrator and Computer
D. Electronic Number Integrator and Computer
3. __________ is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what
to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to
accomplish each task.
A. Server
B. Software
C. Computer
D. Hardware
4. Designed for use at a desk or table and made up of separate
components.
A. Laptop Computers
B. Tablet
C. Desktop Computer
D. Server
5. It was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal
computer with a Graphical User Interface or GUI.
A. Windows
B. MAC.
C. Linux
D. PC.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
30 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
6. It is a battery or AC-powered personal computer that is more
portable than desktop computers, allowing you to use them
almost anywhere.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Laptop
Desktop
PC.
Server
7. This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was
introduced in 1981.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Desktop
Laptop
Personal Computer
Server
8. It is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such
as the computer monitor or keyboard.
A. Software
B. Microsoft Word
C. Hardware
D. Operating System
9. It is the hardware within a computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.
A. Hardware
B. CPU.
C. Computer
D. Laptop
10. A computer that "serves up" information to other computers on
a network.
A. PC.
B. Server
C. Mac
D. Desktop
11. These use a touch screen for inputting data and navigation.
a. Tablet Computers
b. Mobile Phones
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
31 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
c. Game Consoles
d. Smart TVs
12. The most essentials component is the __________, which acts
as the "brain" of your computer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
System Unit
Memory
Processor
Computer
13. It is a device that creates a physical object from a digital model
by layering materials.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dot-Matrix
3D Printer
All-in-One Printer
Laser printer
14. It is the main printed circuit board within a desktop computer,
laptop or server.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Motherboard
Printer
Speaker
Keyboard
15. It was developed by Rambus initially released in 1999.
a.
b.
c.
d.
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
DDR2 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM)
RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory)
SDRAM DIMM (Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory Dual
In-line Memory Modules)
16. It is a hardware component of a computer that provides the power
needed by the computer and its components.
a. Power supply unit (PSU)
b. Power supply form factors
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
32 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
c. Graphics card
d. Hard disk
17. It pertains to a piece of software that lets Windows talk to your
hardware, in this case, your video card.
a. Port
b. Driver
c. DirectX
d. Fill Rate
18. It is a dedicated kind of computer that is intended to play games.
a. Mobile phone
b. Tablet computer
c. Smart tv
d. Game console
19. The Macintosh was announced in year _______.
a. 1999
b. 1894
c. 1984
d. 1899
20. It pertains to forcibly pushing a CPU capacity to operate higher
than what is officially rated by its manufacturer.
a. Overclocking
b. Multicore Processor
c. Clock Speed
d. APU Accelerated Processing Unit
ENUMERATION: Provide what is asked by the given statement and/or
questions. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
1. Other types of computer
2. Two main styles of personal computer
ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
Multiple Choice
1.
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
D. Computer
PAGE
33 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
2. B. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
3. B. Software
4. C. Desktop computer
5. B. MAC
6. A. Laptop
7. C. Personal Computer
8. C. Hardware
9. B. CPU.
10. B. Server
11. A. Tablet Computer
12. C. Processor
13. B. 3D Printer
14. A. Motherboard
15. C. RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random-Access Memory)
16. A. POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
17. B. Driver
18. D. Game Consoles
19. C. 1984
20. A. Overclocking
Enumeration

Other types of computer
Tablet, TV, Game Console, and Smartphones/Mobile Phones/Wearable
devices

Two main styles of personal computer
PC and Mac
TASK SHEET 1.1-1 (FACE-TO-FACE, IF AVAILABLE)
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
34 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Title: Identifying Computer Parts and its peripherals
Performance Objective: Given are the following materials, you should
be able to identify and explain the function of different parts of the
computer—allotted time 30 minutes.
Supplies/Materials: Whiteboard
Equipment: Computer hardware
Prerequisites:
A trainer/teacher prepares his/her selected hardware components for
you to identify each purpose and function by showing each item, such
as input/output ports, computer parts, and peripherals.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Study and remember all computer parts and its function.
2. When you are ready to identify the parts, present yourself
to your Teacher and start identifying the given parts of the
computer.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration, Observation
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
35 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-1
Learner’s Name: ____________________ Date: _________________
During the performance of the task, did you consider the following criteria?
Grade Point
Equivalent
CRITERIA
YES
NO
Highest
Possible
Score = 5
Lowest
Possible
Score = 0
Did the learner…
1. Properly explained and
identified the given
computer's parts and its
peripherals?
2. Applied and performed
occupational health safety
procedures?
3. Performed and followed the
given tasks thoroughly?
Total Points
Total Items
Signature of the Trainee/Learner
Signature of the Trainer/Teacher
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
36 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Grade Point Equivalent
The table below shows the equivalent points that are used and show how they
are calculated to determine the grade point average (GPA), or index.
The highest equivalent points that a trainer can give are 5 points per criterion,
and the lowest is 0. If the trainee/learner accumulates scores with below two
(2) grade-point equivalent, she/he needs to retake the whole given task.
Grade Point Equivalent
Explanation
5
Excellent
4
Very Good
3
Good
2
Average
1
Poor
0
Failure
REFERENCES
https://www.usa.philips.com/c-f/XC000010053/i-have-hdmi-connectivity-onmy-philips-tv-is-it-hdmi-13-compliant
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
37 / 37
CSS NC II / 1 INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS / LO 1 / 1 ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE /1.1-1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Connectors - Bills Computer Pot.
http://billscomputerpot.com/menus/hardware/ComputerConnectors.htm
Computer Basics: What is a Computer? - GCFLearnFree.org.
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/
Lesson 1: What is a Computer? - KS3 ICT.
https://sites.google.com/site/mrhaltonsictwebsite/year-7-ict/lesson-1-what-isa-computer
ISMAEL MANIC BALANA
www.facebook.com/itsmeismael
www.golurn.com
PAGE
38 / 37