Hendrawan Eka Sulianto
220222605016
CHAPTER 4 – ARCHITECTURE (107-113)

Apparent Function
Architecture can refer to intended uses and activities. It is the human side of function,
operating from the inside out. In short, this is what architects call program. Structural
and mechanical systems are also crucial to the function of architecture. These systems
in turn respond to the constraints of the site, program, and available building
technologies. Architects should possess a clear understanding of physical processes
that underpin the building’s own construction and operation. Architectural function
can also be considered as a response to the environment and context. A building’s
enclosure system acts to modulate the effects of sun, rain, dust, and other elements. In
the early twentieth century, architecture began to exhibit a simple, straight-forward,
and practical approach. Swiss painter-architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret defined a
house as “a machine for living”. By that he did not mean that a house ought to be an
artless, empty mechanical environment fit only for robots. Rather, he saw machines as
beneficial to human needs. His pseudonym Le Corbusier attempted to design simple
buildings whose structure and inner logic were clear and void of any surface
decoration. The function of a building was to be clearly recognizable in the relation of
its forms. Other example, Villa Savoye that uses ferro concrete which exploits the
possibilities offered by skeleton framing to create free and open spaces in the interior.
The cube on pillars of reinforced concrete called pilotis was a favourite device of Le
Corbusier as it allowed space to flow under and through the building and enhanced its
sense of volume.

Dynamics
Dynamic refers to the architecture that implies the use of dynamic elements. The
quintessence of this genre of architecture is the change in building form in measures
of time. Continual building dynamics bestows a better scope of climate and context
responsible solution. The beauty of dynamic in architecture is that the building's form
and shape are constantly changing, making it fluid, while exhibiting the building's
ability to adapt to Leisurely progress through the Guggenheim diametrically opposes
the sensation stimulated by the cantilevered roof of the grandstand at Zarzuela Race
Track in Spain. Speed, power, and flight are its preeminent concerns. The sense of
dynamic instability inherent in the structural form. That is cantilever and this
particular application of that form mirror the dynamic instability and forward power
of the race horse at full speed. However, despite the form and the strong diagonals of
this design, it is not out of control. The architect has unified the design through
repetition of the track-level arcade in the arched line of the cantilevered roof. The
design is dynamic and yet humanized in the softness of its curves and the control of
its scale. Dynamics also defined by Frank Gehry’s Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los
Angeles, California. His architectural theory creates functional works of sculpture
rather than buildings in the traditional sense. His early works witnessed an
architectural language of plywood and corrugated metal. Later, these evolved into
distorted but lucid concrete and metal. They reflect an aesthetic that appears
somewhat disjointed, as if attempting to belong to social context likewise disjointed.
Disney Hall in Los Angeles, California, suggests to some the sails of a ship. It also
can suggest the turmoil of our times in its “visual chaos”.

Scale
Scale in architecture is measuring or ratio based on the relation of architectural
elements with each other and their surroundings along with being in harmony with
human body geometry. Scale allows us to understand the relationship between a
representation, a drawing or model, and reality. Being able to draw accurately to
scale, and to shift fluidly between scales, is one of the most important aspects of
architectural drawing and spatial design. Nothing suggests the technological
achievement of modern humans more than the overwhelming scale of the skyscraper.
Also, nothing symbolizes the subordination of humans to their technology like the
scale of the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world in all four categories as
recognized by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, having the highest
publicly accessible observation deck, and the world’s fastest lift, which will shoot
along at 65 km/h.