IP Addresses
And Domain Names
By Toshith
01
IP Addresses
What is IP Address?
●
Used to identify from
where and to where data
is being transmitted.
Ex: From 192.168.0.1 to
192.168.0.2
Two Types of IP Address
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
•
•
Has 32 bits, split into 4 bytes separated by a dot
Each byte can have a value between 0 to 255 (0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255)
Ex: 192.168.0.1
11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001
IPv4 Continued
•
Each IP address is split into two parts:
• netID – Identifies the network the device is connected
to
• hostID – Identifies the device within the network
netID & hostID
•
•
hostID and netID are divided into 3 classes (Class A, B, C)
These Classes have varying hostID and netID lengths
netID & hostID Continued
•
For example: Class A networks can have 2^24 hosts.
(about 16.8 million)
IPv6
•
•
•
Has 128 bits, split into eight 16-bit blocks, separated by a colon (:)
Each block can have 4 hex values from 0000 to FFFF
Can be shortened if it has 2 or more blocks of only zeroes.
Private vs Public IP
Public IP
Private IP
Unique to internet
Unique to only
network
Assigned by ISP
Assigned by Router
Used to communicate
within network
Used to communicate
with the internet
Static vs Dynamic IP
Static
Dyanmic
●
IP does not change
●
IP changes regularly
●
Used for hosing websites
●
More secure
●
More expensive
●
Cheaper to maintain
Subnetting
•
•
Splitting the hostID into subnetID and hostID
Used to minimize traffic and for more security
Parts of URL
•
•
•
Protocol: Tells the browser which protocol is used (ex:
HTTPs , TLS)
Hostname: The website name along with domain
Filename: Accessed file from server
DNS
•
•
Domain Name System
System used to convert URL into IP Address
Got any
questions?