Uploaded by Meesha Yousuf

The Etruscans to the Roman Empire

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Etruscans to the Roman Empire
The Etruscans were a vibrant civilization that flourished in North central Italy from about
750 BCE until their gradual absorption into the Latin-speaking culture of the Roman
republic around 100 BCE. While the Etruscans worshiped many of the same gods as
the Greeks and the Romans, their lively art and the other records they left behind reveal
that theirs was a distinctly unique culture within the Greco-Roman strata.
Much of what is known about the Etruscans was learned from exploring their tombs.
They invested in the afterlife almost to the same extent that the Egyptians did. However,
while Egyptian funerary art is stiff and formal suggesting that the afterlife was for them a
somber and serious affair, Etruscan funerary art is lively and even humorous as
suggested by this toy- like terracotta funerary urn featuring moving arms. Etruscan
funerary architecture is modeled after the architecture that living Etruscan people
inhabited. Carved out of a porous volcanic stone called tufa, Etruscan cemeteries
Cerveteri provide the only record of what Etruscan houses would have been like. The
extensive cemetery at Cerveteri is a necropolis, or city of the dead. Some of the tombs
at Cerveteri are carved into the sides of cliffs and are square in share, while others,
known as tholi, are free standing and round in shape. The tomb interiors are decorated
with fresco vero paintings. In some instances the frescos depict utilitarian household
objects, while in others they depict religious ceremonies, or scenes from nature.
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Etruscans painted frescoes in the vero style invented by the Minoans applying the paint
to the wall while the plaster was still wet. The style and the themes of nature also bear
much in common with Minoan painting. There are some other similarities between these
two cultures, such as the fact that both societies valued women as equal members of
society, both were known for their maritime skills, their high quality ceramics, and
bronze suggesting to many scholars that the Etruscans descended from a group of
Minoans who relocated to Tuscany.
The life size terracotta sarcophagus from Cerveteri depicting a man and a woman
sharing a banquet couch is probably the most important Etruscan artifact. One might
have expected archeologists to find a mummy inside this sarcophagus, but like the
Greeks, Minoans, and Romans, the Etruscans cremated their dead. While it is
impossible to know, I like to think that the intermingled ashes of both the woman and the
man were placed in this sarcophagus. The fact that a woman and a man were sharing a
banquet couch reveals a very different understanding of gender roles than classical
Greek society. In fact, not only were Etruscan women included at symposia, they were
also educated, participated in politics, owned property, retained their maiden names
after marriage, and Occasionally even ruled as monarchs of their city states. The
sarcophagus depicts a couple that is clearly enjoying each others company on equal
terms and is also using lively hand gestures to help express themselves in a manner
similar to modern day Italians
Ancient Rome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46ZXl-V4qwY
800-753BC, Rome founded by Romulus
roman republic , conquest of alexander
punic wars, rome against carthage for dominion or mediterrainean
assassination of julius ceasar 44bc
octavian/augustus as emperor27bc
tiberius 14-37ce, a tyrant
caligula 37-41ce, madman tyrant
claudius 41-54ce, a good emperor, but married his niece, dangeous woman, nero from
prev marriage, poisoned claudius
Etruscans to the Roman Empire
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nero, mad king , 54-68 ce-enemy of state, runs away and commits suicide.
year of four emperors 68-69 ce. power tussel
vespasian, 69-79ce, wins hear t of people on return
titus , son of vespasian 79-81ce. colosseum constructuin, public structure
domitian 81-96 ce
nerva, adopted son of domitian 96-98ce
Trajan, 98-117 ce, public structures, market places, libraries, temple
Hadrian, architect himself, 117-138ce made free standing dome pantheon
antoninus pious 138-161
marcus aurelius , stoic philosphy 161-180
commodus 180-192ce, killed in battle
severus, septum severus, spanish 192-211
caracalla, killed his own brother to get throne
macrinus
heliogablus
severus alexander
solider emperors 235-284 AD instability in rome
diocletian. 284-305 tetrarchy, 4 territories, 4 emperors
the tetrarchy 293-324 AD
constantine 306-337AD first Christian Emperor , given the title of Augustus
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https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8d31bn
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