BONDING
BY:Aysil Essam, Malak El Henawy, Roqaya Tarek, and
Asmaa Ali
What is an atom?
• The smallest possible unit of a
chemical element.
The structure of an atom is:
An atom is made out of 3 subatomic particles known as: proton,
neutron, and electron. The atom is made out of a nucleus that
contains protons with positive charge and the nucleus is neutral
charge and electrons that has negative charged that are
revolving around the nucleus similar to the solar system.
What is an element?
Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated nor
divided into more simpler form.
what is a compound?
Compound is a mixed substance that is made up of two or more
different substances that are chemically joined.
What contributes to the stability of
a compound?
Lattice energy, which measures the amount of energy in a
compound's crystal lattice, sublimation energy, and solvation
energy are all factors that affect an atom's stability (the
amount of energy needed to change in dissolving a
solute in a solvent).
What is an ion?
An ion is an electric-charged atom or group of atoms.
Cations are ions with a positive charge. Anions are ions
with a negative charge.
Types of bonding between atoms:
There are three types of bonding. Ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and
metallic bonding.
What is an ionic bond?
The transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal.
The metals lose electrons, while the non-metals gain electrons.
What conditions are needed to
allow for ionic bonding?
There need to be lower Ionization energy. Higher
electronegativity between the metals and non metals.
How are electrons involved
in chemical bonding?
Electrons are involved in chemical bonding because there is
an attraction between the atoms nucleus for the valence
electrons of the other atoms which pulls the atom together.
Atoms are trying to reach stability as much as they can and
most atoms reach stability when they have 8 valence
electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
The chemical bond that results from sharing electrons is
a covalent bond. When the valence shell electrons, or
the electrons in the outermost electron shell, of one atom
can be utilized to finish the outermost electron shell of
another atom without being permanently transferred,
this is referred to as "sharing" electrons.
Under what conditions does
sharing take place?
To form a covalent bond, the forces of attraction between the atoms
must be equal. In order for electrons to be difficult to remove, the
ionization energies of both atoms must be high.
Metallic bonding:
It is a type of chemical bonding between two or more metals which
arises the attraction of a metallic cation(nucleus) for delocalized
electrons(valence electrons).
They form something called Metal Lattice which is 8 to 12 other
metal atoms closely surround each metal atom.
A model that explains ionic
bonding:
Ionic bonding: It is a kind of chemical connection that produces
two ions with opposing charges. In ionic bonding, the nonmetal
takes the lost electrons to form a negatively charged anion
while the metal loses them to become a positively charged
cation.
Ex: KBr --> potassium bromide
What are the importance of ionic
and covalent bond in your daily
lives?
As they enable the production of particular organic molecules,
ionic bonds are significant. In order to create desired products,
scientists can control ionic characteristics and these
interactions. Since most interactions between carbon molecules
include covalent bonds, covalent bonds are
particularly significant.
Covalent bonds are common in the
molecules of living organisms:
Covalent bonds are common in the molecules of living organisms. A
covalent bond is when 2 (or more) atoms share electrons to reach
stability which is used in living organisms such as the DNA in humans
and other living creatures.
What ionic compounds are found in
food?
Na2 HpO4 --> disodium hydrogen phosphate __ anticaking agent in powdered goods.
Mg Cl2 --> magnesium chloride _ Road salt for ice
control.
Na2 So3--> sodium sulfite _ food preservative.
THANK YOU
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