STANDARDS FOR SHOPPING MALL
SHOPPING MALL...
6.
COLUMN SPACING
Significant dimension is along the mall as this involves the widths, i.e. , frontages, of
stores.
Often used spaces are 20, 25 and 30 ft., with the last the most flexible .
STORE DEPTHS
Buildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep, sometimes more to accommodate larger
stores .
If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduced
20 to 25 percent
CLEAR HEIGHTS
These vary from 10 to 14 ft. or more, with 12 Ft. a good average . Above this clear
height, there must be adequate space for air conditioning ducts, recessed lights,
structural e system, etc.
PARKING AND TRAFFIC
A ratio of between 5 and 6 car spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of leasable store area is
mandatory.
In the matter of parking layout, car stalls can be set at angles (say, 70‘ to the lanes,
which then requires one-way traffic; or stalls can be at 90' to the lanes, permitting
two-way traffic.
EFFECT OF DEPTH ON STORES
7.
SHOPPING MALL...
ADVERTISEMENT
WHEN SAME LEVEL
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF A MALL
WHEN MEZZANINE FLOOR
STANDARDS
WHEN BASEMENT
SHOPPING MALL...
SHOP SIZES & LAYOUTS
12 to 15 ft wide by 50 to 60 ft long in large cities ; and
15 to 18 ft. wide by 60 to 80 ft long in smaller cities .
These dimensions apply particularly to shops in 100
percent retail districts .
Basements 8 to 9 ft high, in the clear, permit
economical stock storage .
Ground floors are preferably approximately 12 ft high
If no mezzanine is included ; mezzanines at least 7 ft6
inch above floor level will accommodate most fixture
heights.
Height from mezzanine floor to ceiling may be as low
as 6 ft6 in . if used for service space only ; 7 ft is the
preferred minimum for public use .
STANDARDS
8.
9.
SHOPPING MALL...
AISLE WIDTHS
Aisle Widths For clerks, min . = 1 ft8 inch.
Desirable 2 ft to 2 ft3 inch
For main public aisles, min .= 4 ft6 inch
Avg.5 ft6 inch to 7 ft;
Usual max., 1 1 ft.
Secondary public aisles, 3 ft to 3 ft6 inch.
STANDARDS
10.
SHOPPING MALL...
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
DIFFERENT STORE UTILITY SHELVES
RETAIL STORE PLAN MEDIUM
SUPER SHELVING
HIGH RETAIL SHOP
MEDIUM RETAIL SHOP PLAN
11.
SHOPPING MALL...
SHOW CASES AND SHELVING DATA
The ratio of sales to ancillary space ranges from about
45:55 in small shops and departmental stores to 60:40
in supermarkets.
Planning
Halls are usually designed to give a large-span open
space having
natural roof lighting, good ventilation and service
connections.
One-floor trading is preferred.
Perimeter stalls and other grouped layouts have
service corridors.
Fish, meat and food stalls are sited in zoned areas with
more sophisticated ventilation, drainage and services.
Key considerations:
Access and linkage to car parks, shopping areas, goods
delivery and parking bays.
Mix of traders.
Risk of fire (incombustible materials, fire-resistant
construction smoke evacuation)and means of escape.
Additions to the net sales area
Net areas
Gross areas
Staff facilities
10–15 per cent
Offices
5–8 per cent
25–30 per
cent
STANDARDS
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
12.
SHOPPING MALL...
PLANNING GUIDELINES
1.Structural models
Width (m) Notes
Small shops
5.3 to 6.0
Large-space users
7.3 to 9.2
2.Clear ceiling
Height(m)
To underside of beams
Small shops
3.3 to 3.8
Sales area
3.2 to 3.6
Non-sales area
3.6 min.
With floor: floor spacing 4 to 5 m
Large-space users
3.Car parking
Supermarkets,
superstores
Shopping
centres
4.Typical floor
loading
Shop sales area
Car spaces per
100 m2 gross
retail area
Mostly 5.4 m
Depending on beam depth.
Single-storey buildings –larger spans
5.Goods and
service docks
m
Typical provision
for large-space
user Two 15 m
articulated lorries:
width
Minimum
clearance height
10.7
4.7
Notes
Allowing
1.5 m
each side
Approach
road –
5.00 m
type
sales area
sales:ancillary area
small shops
(less than 280 m2 sales area)
45:55
10-12
Department
stores
10000-20 000 m2
45:55.
4-5
Variety stores
500 to 15 000 m
50:50
Supermarkets
The sales areas of large-space users
range from 1000 to 2500 m2
60:40,
Superstores
5000 – 10 000 m2 of selling space.
Hypermarkets
at least 2500 m2 sales floor
Shopping centers
25 000 and 50 000 m2 GLA
Retail parks
at least 4500 m2
kN/m2
5
Shop storage
10
Design load for
service yard
20
Staff facilities (general guide only)
Staff numbers: net sales areas, 1: 50 m2 to 1: 80 m2
60:40,
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
13.
SHOPPING MALL...
CIRCULATION:-
Minimum area per person in various types of buildings
Occupancy
Area per person (m2 )
Assembly halls (closely seated)
.46 @450mm c/c movable seats .60@500mm c/c fixed seats
Dance halls
.55 to 0.90
Restaurants (dining areas)
.90 to 1.1
Retail shops and showrooms
4.6 to 7.0
Department stores, bazaars
0.9 (including counters, etc.)
bargain sales areas
0.46 (gangway areas only)
Offices
9.3 (excluding stairs and lavatories)
Area per person to be allowed in various circulation areas
Occupancy
Area per person (m2 )
Overall allowance for public areas in public-handling buildings
2.3 to 2.8
Waiting areas, 100 per cent standing, no cross-flows (e.g. lift
lobby)
0.5 to 0.65
Circulating people in corridors, reduced to halt by Obstruction.
0.2
Flow capacities of corridors and staircases
Occupancy
Area per person (m2 )
General design purposes
0.8
People moving at good walking pace (1.3 m/s)
3.7
People moving at a shuffle (0.4 to 0.9 m/s).
0.27 - 0.37
People at a standstill due to obstruction
0.2
STANDARDS
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
SHOPPING MALL...
EXTERNAL STAIRS
External stairs, when provided shall comply the following:
External stairs shall always be kept in sound operable conditions.
Ail external stairs shall be directly connected to the ground.
The external stairs shall be constructed of noncombustible
materials,
No external staircase, used as a fire escape, shall be inclined at
Internal staircase minimum width shall be 2.0m in all
an angle greater than 45° from the horizontal.
group F building.
External stairs shall have straight flight not less than 1250 mm
wide with 250 mm treads and risers not more than 190 mm.
Pressurization of Staircases (Protected Escape Routes)
The number of risers shall be limited to 15 per flight.
Pressurization is a method adopted for protected
Handrails shall be of a height not less than 1000 mm and not
escape routes against ingress of smoke, especially in
exceeding 1200 mm. There shall be provisions of balusters with
high-rise buildings. In pressurization, air is injected
maximum gap of 150 mm.
into the staircases, lobbies or corridors, to raise their
The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load
pressure slightly above the pressure in adjacent parts
and to a building not exceeding 9 m in height.
of the building. As a result, ingress of smoke or toxic
A spiral stair case shall be not less than 1500 mm in diameter
gases into the escape routes will be prevented. The
and shall be designed to give adequate headroom.
pressurization of staircases shall be adopted for high
rise buildings and building having mixed occupancy/
HORIZONTAL EXITS
multiplexes having covered area more than 500 m2.
For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 m2 or
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
an area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per person to accommodate the
Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance
occupants of two consecutive floors,
on the floor shall not exceed the distance of 30m. In
The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor
case of all mercantile building.
or preferably on a cantilever projection and open to air at least
NOTE:on one side protected with suitable railings.
For fully sprinklered building, the travel distance may a)For floors above 24 m and Up to 39 m — One refuge area on
be increased by 50 percent of the values specified
the floor immediately above 24 m.
CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS
Where stairways discharge through corridors and
passageways, the height of corridors and passageways
shall be not less than 2.4 m.
All means of exit including staircases lifts lobbies
and corridors shall be adequately ventilated.
National Building Code- 2005
15.
SHOPPING MALL...
For floors above 39 m — One refuge
area on the floor immediately above
39 m and so on after every 15 m.
Refuge area provided in excess of the
requirements shall be counted
towards FAR.
Where there is a difference in level
between connected areas for
horizontal exits, ramps, not more than
1 in 10 m slope shall be provided;
steps shall not be used.
Doors in horizontal exits shall be
openable at all times from both sides
TURNING SPACE
Most wheelchairs require a space 1.4 m square to turn
around. This determines the minimum size of lift cars
and circulation spaces in rooms.
ESCALATORS AND PASSENGER CONVEYORS
STANDARDS
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
16.
SHOPPING MALL...
LIFT
Quality Service or Acceptable Interval
20 to 25 seconds Excellent
30 to 35 seconds Good
34 to 40 seconds Fair
45 seconds Poor
Over 45 seconds Unsatisfactory
NOTE— For residential buildings longer intervals should be permissible.
STANDARDS
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
15.
SHOPPING MALL...
NOTES1 The total overhead dimension has been calculated on the basis of car height of 2.3 m.
2 In case of manually operated doors, clear entrance will be reduced by the amount of projection of
handle on the landing door.
3 All dimensions given above for lifts having centre opening power operated doors with counterweight
at rear, are recommended dimensions primarily for architects and building planners. Any variations
mutually agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser are permitted. However, variation in:
a) Car inside dimensions shall be within the maximum area limits specified in accordance with
accepted standards.
b) Entrance width on higher side is permitted.
c) Entrance width on lower side is permitted up to 100mm subject to minimum of 700 mm.
4 Dimensions of pit depth and overhead may differ in practice as per individual manufacturer’s
design depending upon load, speed and drive. Recommended dimensions for pit depth, overhead and
machine-room for different lift speeds are given in Table 1A.
However, the pit depth and overhead shall be such as to conform to the requirements of bottom
clearance and top clearance in accordance with the accepted standards.
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
SHOPPING MALL...
17.
LIFE SAFETY
General Exit Requirements
An exit may be a doorway; corridor passageway(s) to an internal
staircase, or external staircase or horizontal landing.
Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits.
Every exit, exit access or exit discharge shall be continuously
maintained free of all obstructions.
Exits shall be clearly visible and the route to reach the exits
shall be clearly marked and signs posted to guide the
occupants of the floor concerned.
Fire doors with 2 h fire resistance shall be provided at
appropriate places along the escape route.
Fire doors with 2 h fire resistance shall be provided at
appropriate places along the escape route
It is recommended that smoke exhaust equipment should
have a minimum capacity of 12 air changes per hour.
NOTE— The total occupants from a particular floor must
evacuate within 2 1/2 minutes for Type 1 construction,
Any mercantile building having area more than 500 m2
on each floor shall have a minimum of two staircases.
One is may be enclosed type and another one is directly
open to external surface of building block
STANDARDS
National Building Code- 2005
18.
SHOPPING MALL...
Group F Mercantile Buildings
These shall include any building or part of a
building, which is used as shops, stores, market,
for display and sale of merchandise, either
wholesale or retail.
Mercantile buildings shall be further sub-divided
As follows:
Sub-division F-1 Shops, stores, departmental
stores markets with area up to 500 sqmt.
Sub-division F-2 Shops, stores, departmental
stores markets with area more than 500 sqmt.
Sub-division F-3 Underground shopping centres.
Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas
having residential (Group A), educational
(Group B), institutional (Group C), and
assembly (Group D), small business (Subdivisions
E-1 ) and retail mercantile (Group F)
buildings, or mess which are under development
for such occupancies.
A high rise building during construction shallbe provided with the
following fire protection measures, which shall be maintained in goo
working condition at all the times:
a. Dry riser of minimum 100 mm diameter pipe
with hydrant outlets on the floors constructed
with a fire service inlet to boost the water in the
dry riser and maintenance should be as per the
requirements laid down in good practice.
b. Drums tilled with water of 2000 litres capacity
with two fiie buckets on each floor; and
c. A water storage tank of minimum 20000
litres capacity, which may be used for other
construction purposes also.
Restrictions on the Type of Construction for New
Buildings.
Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 1 shall conform
to construction of Type 1, 2, 3 or 4.
For buildings 15 m in height or above non-combustible
materials should be used for construction and other
material of construction with minimum of 2 h rating.
STANDARDS
National Building Code- 2005
SHOPPING MALL...
19.
STANDARDS
National Building Code- 2005
SHOPPING MALL...
20.
R — Required
NR — Not Required
2. Required to be installed in basement if area of basement exceed s200 sqmt.
4 .Additional value given in parenthesis shall be added if basement area exceeds200sqmt.
STANDARDS
National Building Code- 2005
21.
SHOPPING MALL...
SANITARY INSTALLATIONS
Sanitary facilities for customers in shops and shopping malls having a net sales area more than 1000 m2 and
assuming equal numbers of male and female customers.
METRIC HANDBOOK
- david alder
SHOPPING MALL...
22.
The ratio of fittings in male and female toilets shall be 3:5, for
(a) Mechanical Ventilation
example, 1 WC and 2Urinals for male: 5 WC.s for female which
Where mechanical means are used for ventilation, there
is in accordance to the NEA’s COPEH.
should be cross ventilation and the air exchange rate
Urinals
should have a minimum of 15 air changes per hour.
Individually wall-hung urinal units shall be at least 300mm
The exhaust air should be discharged to the exterior of
wide and the lip of the collection area shall project from the
the building at a position at least 2 m above the pavement
wall by at least 300mm.
level and at least 5 m from any window or fresh air
A urinal should not be set closer than 450mm from its centre
intake.
to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer
than 900mm centre-to-centre between adjacent fixtures.
(b) Natural Ventilation
There should be at least a 900mm clearance in front of the
For natural ventilation, suitable fresh air inlet grilles shall
urinal to any wall, fixture or door.
be provided to ensure an
Urinals should be separated by modesty boards of not less
air exchange rate of 5 air changes per hour.
than 300mm x 1800mm (Height) to act as a visual barrier
Examples of good materials for toilets: between urinals.
(a) Floor
Wash Basins
Non-slip ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles,
Wash basins should be substantial in size. The basins should
terrazzo.
have a minimum size of 500mm in length and 400mm in width.
(b) Wall
Water Closets (WCs)
Ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles, stainless
A WC should not be set closer than 450mm from its centre to steel, enamelled steel panels, glass block, aluminium
any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction.
panels, phenolic cladding.
There should be at least a 900mm clearance in front of the WC
(c) Ceiling
to any wall, fixture or door.
Mineral fibre board, fibrous plaster board,
supply a predetermined quantity of not more than 4.5 litres of
Aluminium panels or strips
water per flush after each use.
-A Guide to Better Public Toilet Design and Maintenance
Third Edition 2013
23.
SHOPPING MALL...
Provision of Facilities
Off-set entrance maze without doors
(a) Soap Dispensers
(b) Litterbins
(c) Electronic Hand-Dryers/Paper Towel Dispensers
(d) Toilet Paper Dispensers
(e) Toilet Seat Sanitizers/Covers
(f) Water Tap Points within Cubicles
(g) Air Fresheners
(h) WC / Urinal Sanitizers
(i) Coat Hooks
(j) Cleaning Attendant’s Sink & Equipment StorageSpace Directional signage
For toilets, the provision of the following
user-friendly features is strongly recommended.
(a) Accessible Toilet
(b) Toilet for the Ostomates.
(c) Baby Seats
(d) Diaper Changing Stations
(e) Urinals and WC’s for Children
(g) Signages for cubicle doors
(h) Full-Length Mirrors
(i) Waiting Areas
Looscaping
The ambience of public toilets can be enhanced further by:
(a) Introducing plants which can be easily maintained inside
the toilets as well as surrounding the public toilets.
(b) Placing of wall pictures and illuminated with delicate lighting. The pictures or
wallpapers should be waterproof (e.g. made of impervious material).
(c) Placing of ornaments or sculptures at the ‘dead’ corners of the toilets.
-A Guide to Better Public Toilet Design and Maintenance
Third Edition 2013
SHOPPING MALL...
24.
-A Guide to Better Public Toilet Design and Maintenance
Third Edition 2013
SHOPPING MALL...
AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
PLANNING DESIGN CRITERIA (Fundamental Requirements)
The object of installing ventilation and air
conditioning facilities in buildings shall be to provide
conditions under which people can live in comfort,
work safely and efficiently.
Ventilation and air conditioning installation shall
aim at controlling and optimizing following factors in the building:
a) Air purity and filtration,
b) Air movement,
c) Dry-bulb temperature,
d) Relative humidity,
e) Noise and vibration,
f) Energy efficiency, and
g) Fire safety.
DUCT SYSTEMS
Classification :
Low pressure systems:
Velocity ≤ 10 m/s, static pressure ≤ 5 cm HO (g) .
Medium pressure systems:
Velocity ≤ 10 m/s, static pressure ≤ 15 cm HO (g).
High pressure systems:
Velocity > 10 m/s, static pressure 15<p ≤ 25 cm HO (g).
Recommended air velocities depend mainly on the application
And the noise criteria.
Residences: 3 m/s to 5 m/s
Theatres: 4 to 6.5 m/s
Restaurants: 7.5 m/s to 10 m/s
25.
26.
SHOPPING MALL...
Chilled Beam
Chilled beams are
predominantly used for cooling
and ventilating spaces, where a
good indoor environment and
individual space control is valued.
Chilled beams use water to
remove heat from a room and
are located in the room space.
Chilled beams are primarily used
in locations where the humidity
can be controlled.
Chilled beam also supplement
the flexible use of available
space, at the same time as the
high temperature cooling
and low temperature heating
maximizing the opportunity for
free cooling and heating.
Operation of the chilled beams
is used where the internal
humidity loads are moderate, the
primary air is dehumidified and
any infiltration through the
building is limited and controlled.
Chilled Beam
HANDBOOK OFFICE BUILDING
- CPWD
27.
SHOPPING MALL...
10. To be installed in entire building. “
11. TO be installed in all floors at appropriate places and in consultation with local fire authorities.
12. Building above 30m in height not to be permitted for Group B, Group C, Group D and Group F occupancies.
13. All underground shopping areas should be fully air-conditioned.
General Requirements
of All Individual
Occupancies
Exceptions and
Deviations
Occupation of Buildings
under Construction
Maximum Height
Floor Area Ratio
Open Spaces
Mixed Occupancy
Openings in Separating
Walls and Floors
Vertical opening
Fire Stop or Enclosure
of Openings
Electrical Installations
Air-conditioning
and Ventilation
Smoke Venting
Glazing
National Building C ode- 2005
28.
SHOPPING MALL...
Rain Water Harvesting
Since June 2001, the Ministry of Urban affairs and Poverty Alleviation has made rainwater harvesting mandatory in all
new buildings with a roof area of more than 100 sq m and in all plots with an area of more than 1000 sq m, that are
being developed
BARRIER FREE PARAMETERS
To accommodate the persons with disabilities and elderly. Few integral
components of the building design can be planned following these
considerations.
Kerb Ramp
• Width should not be less than 1200mm
• Useful for a smooth transition.
• Footpath flushed with roadway, at a gradient not exceeding that 1:12.
• Warning strip to be provided on the kerb side edge of the slope.
Foothpath
• Obstruction-free for the convenience of all users.
Rain Water Harvesting tank
• Height of the footpath not to be more than 150 mm form the road level.
• Change in level on the footpath should be made clearly visible.
• Width of the footpath should 1800 mm and minimum clear unobstructed path should be 1200 mm.
• Street furniture should be placed outside the path of travel.
• Resting Places should be provided along travel routes.
• Protruding elements should be avoided.
• Bollards should be 1000 mm high, painted in contrasting colour stripes with clear minimum gap of 1200 mm. Parking
• Parking should be within 30 meters of the main entrance the building.
• Two accessible parking lots with dimension 3600mm X 5000mm.
• International symbol of accessibility painted on the ground and also on a signpost/board.
• Directional signs guiding people to the accessible parking.
• Wheel stoppers to be provided, to
HANDBOOK OFFICE BUILDING
- CPWD
29.
SHOPPING MALL...
Ramps
• Gentle slope: 1:12 max. 1800 x 1800 landing after 9m of travel distance.
• Width: 1800mm or more.
• Handrails to be on both sides and at two levels – 760mm and 900mm. Extend 300mm
beyond top and bottom of ramp.
• Warning tile should be placed at 300mm before and the ramp edges.
Steps and Stairs
• Uniform risers : 150mm and tread: 300mm.
• Stair edges should have 50mm wide, bright/ contrast colour band.
• Maximum height of a flight between landings to be 1200mm.
• Landing should be 1200mm clear of any door swing.
• The steps should have an unobstructed width of at least 1200mm.
• Continuous handrails on both sides including the wall (if any) and at two levels –
760mm and 900mm.
• Warning tile to be placed 300mm at the beginning and at the end of all stairs.
• Nosing should be avoided.
Handrails
Handrails/ Grab bars are extremely important features and must be designed to be easy to
grasp and to provide a firm and comfortable grip so that the hand can slide along the rail
without obstruction.
Handrails should be circular with a diameter of 38mm, at least 50mm clear two levels –
760mm and 900mm form the finished floor, extend by at least 300mm.
Grab bars should: • Be slip-resistant with round ends;
• Have a circular section of 38-50 mm in diameter;
• Be free of any sharp or abrasive elements;
• Have continuous gripping surfaces, without interruptions or obstructions that can
break a hand hold;
HANDBOOK OFFICE BUILDING
- CPWD
30.
SHOPPING MALL...
Have a minimum clear space of 50 mm from the wall;
Be installed at a height of 760 mm to 900 mm
Tactile Surface:Line-type blocks (Guiding tile): indicate the correct path/
route to follow.
Dot-type blocks (Warning Tile): indicate warning signal, to
screen off obstacles, drops– offs or other hazards, to
discourage movement in an incorrect direction and to warn
of a corner or junction.
These tiles shall be placed 300mm at the beginning and
end of the ramps, stairs and entrance to any door.
HANDBOOK OFFICE BUILDING
- CPWD
31.
SHOPPING MALL...
Circulation Area
• Corridors should have an unobstructed width of 1800mm.
• Level differences should be beveled.
• Thresholds and gratings should not be more that 10mm.
• Protruding objects (more that 100mm form the wall) to be placed either
in a niche or
above 2100mm form the floor.
• Open spaces below ramps, escalator and stairs should be blocked out
completely by
protective guard rails, raised curbs or marked with a tactile surface.
Door
• Should provide a clear opening of 900mm.
• Be fitted with lever action locks and D shape handles of circular section,
between 800mm and 1000mm form floor level.
• Also be fitted with vision panels at least between 900mm and 1500mm
form floor level.
• Be colour contrasted with the surrounding walls and should not be
heavier than 22N to open.
• A distance of 400mm to 600mm should be provided beyond the leading
edge of door
to enable a wheelchair user to maneuver and to reach the handle.
• Kick plates are recommended 300mm form the bottom, to resist wear and tear.
Accessible Toilet
A minimum of one toilet compartment with minimum size of 2000 x
1750mm is required on each floor having all barrier free provisions.
Accessible Lift
A minimum of one 13 passenger lift is required having all barrier free provision.
HANDBOOK OFFICE BUILDING
HANDBOOK-OFFICE
CPWD BUILDING
- CPWD
LITERATURE STUDY -
EXAMPLE
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
Architect: Aflalo and Gasperini Architects
Location:Caraguatatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Built Area: 30,3033 sqm.
Site Area: 119,000 sqm.
Year ; November, 2011
INTRODUCTION
The proposal was to develop a mall to meet tourists and also the population of
Caraguatatuba and neighboring cities in the north coast of São Paulo.
This shopping mall is all accommodated on one floor. This is important to
note since shoppers and mall visitors have a tendency to avoid vertical
movements and hence facilities/shops on upper levels do not get as much
use as those in the lower levels.
This also removes the challenge of disabled visitors having to be
accommodated on the upper levels.
To meet the clients needs, the mall has to be made sustainable shopping
mall financially, i.e. with low maintenance cost. so, the architects opted for
a ground floor location, no elevators or escalators.
The Serramar Shopping mall has ;
• 100 stores, including anchors, megastores and satellite stores .
• Hypermarket.
• Home center.
• food court with fast networks food and restaurants,
•four movie theaters and
• 1,000 parking spaces.
LITERATURE STUDY
32.
SERRAMAR
PAQUE
MALL...
SERRAMAR
PARKSHOPPING
SHOPING...
LOCATION
SAO PAULO STATE
BRAZIL
CARAGUATATUBA
This shopping mall is located in Caraguatatuba, a seaside
town in São Paulo state, Brazil
The proposal for this project was to develop a mall for tourists
and also for the residents in the Northern Coast of Sao Paulo
State.
Caraguatatuba being a coastal city, the first aspect considered
in the design was its location. The land on which it is built
was an undeveloped region of the city with front for a
boulevard and an extra 600 meters offset from the sea.
The stream, located next to the project was expanded, making
it a pleasant contemplation area to the green.
The fact of being in a seaside town with large arid, treeless
area
SITE PLAN
BUILDING VIEW WITH
RESPECT TO SURROUNDING.
LITERATURE STUDY
33.
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
MOUNTAINS
N
SITE.
SITE CONTEXT
SEA
LITERATURE STUDY
•Climate : warm and humid.
•Site : formerly an old farm house.
•View : Mountains on N side & sea on S-E of the site
stream on N-E side.
•Wind direction : Southeast to North.
•Future considerations : expansion of highway
•The mall was divided into blocks, with a dynamic
deployment that creates gaps between buildings and
ensures cross air circulation, making maximum use of
natural ventilation and the sea breeze.
•The stream, located next to the project was expanded,
making it a pleasant contemplation area to the green.
34.
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
SITE PLAN
•An open space integrated with nature concept was
adopted, different from the concept of a closed mall.
•An opened ground floor mall with planted wooded
courtyards was developed to compliment and
highlight the beach climate.
•The provision of four entrances into the mall ensures that there is no congestion at anygiven entrance.
•Most of the entrances face the parking, while only one faces the main road .
•This is because of the fact that most people visit shopping mall in cars and hence, most of the traffic is
•Expected the mall from the parking lot. Reduces the distance of walking from their car to the inside of the mall.
•Visitors on foot don’t have to go all the way to the parking in order to access the mall, as they can branch off
the main road and access it directly from here.
LITERATURE STUDY
35.
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
PARKING
All the parking for Serramar is
provided on one lot only.
There are more than 1000
parking spaces in this facility.
it is not placed directly in front
of the mall facing the main
road, but rather has been
planned such that, it is not fully
visible from the main road.
However, it is still near the
entrance.
LITERATURE STUDY
36.
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
37.
•All the parking spaces
are angled, set out at a
90o angle.
•Yellow road paint has
been used to demarcate
parking spaces while a
group of parking lots on
the same stretch is
separated by a planted
curb that also holds
the security lights.
There is the use of signs to enhance quick flow of traffic and
avoid accidents and confusion in the parking lot.
The security lights provided make the parking lot safe at night.
The wood canopy provided for the pavement from the
parking lot to the mall buildings makes the walk comfortable
away from the suns heat.
The materials used on this piece (i.e. are wood and concrete),
absorb the heat reflected by the parking lot’s asphalt and thus
making this canopy comfortable.
Canopy providing shade for walk from parking to
mall buildings.
LITERATURE STUDY
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
PLAN
Three wooded courtyards were designed. In the pleasant outdoor space,
courtyards also ensure thermal comfort within the blocks.
LITERATURE STUDY
38.
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
Decks along the landscaping ,
shaded with louvers
Decks provided for circulation
in the planted areas
CIRCULATION
•The external circulation at Serramar is dynamic and interesting,
due to arrangement of the building blocks of the mall.
•Decks are provided throughout the planted internal squares
between the blocks for navigation and these decks are shaded by
bamboo louvers.
•Internally, each block houses a specific function, and thus
circulation is provided specifically for that
•block according to its function.
•We opted for a nonclimate of the corridors, only mechanical
ventilators to enhance air circulation. The only air-conditioned
areas are the food court and shops. We use bamboo louvers to
shade and protect better the circulation areas. The yellowish color
of bamboo, along with the wood tones found in internal squares
were inserted to have a more intimate Atmosphere.
LITERATURE STUDY
39.
Recreational Facilities
There are four cinemas, a food court and indoor play
areas.
Apart from these, the mall has a landscaped area where
patrons can take walks, sit down and relax as they
take in the views of the mountains and stream to the
North of the mall.
Several view areas have been provided as points to take
in the views in the landscaped area.
However, the indoor play areas and the cinemas don’t
require the views and this explains their placement in the
design. The recreational activity in these two areas takes
place within only.
Indoor play area at Serramar Parque Shopping
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
40.
FOOD COURTS
All the food areas have been set at the North end of the
mall.This is because the best views of this site are
towards this direction where the mountains and the
stream are visible. Thus, one is able to relax in the food
zone as they dine or drink and this doubles as a
recreational activity.
To favor the panoramic view of the mountains, the food
court is open out of the mall, consisting of an enclosed
area with transparent glasses and heated, and an outside
deck that allows a pleasant contemplation of space to the
mountains, and also to a stream.
NATURAL COOLING
ducts 60 cm height in the center of the gardens capture the air
as underground ducts carry air to each of the installed totems
in courtyards. The design of these totems is designed so that
the air flow does not reach the people at face level. The air
movement speed is not high enough to cause discomfort, but
sufficient to cause the cooling sensation of the body. In yards,
the ventilation ducts are buried inside the concrete boxes with
•We opted for a nonclimate of the corridors, only mechanical an opening for air intake above the ground level.
ventilators to enhance air circulation. The only air-conditioned
Foodarecourt
outdoor
areas
the food
court anddeck
shops.sitting
We use bamboo louvers to
shade and protect better the circulation areas. The yellowish color
of bamboo, along with the wood tones found in internal squares
were inserted to have a more intimate Atmosphere.
LITERATURE STUDY
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
COURT YARDS
Considering the climatic conditions of the region, the architects
provides These bamboo canopies have important functional
characteristics as filter direct sunlight, ensuring a shaded area
and minimizing the impact of discomfort in the case of more
heavy rain as it avoids direct splashing in the corridors.
LANDSCAPING
with bamboo roofs that make the shopping internal landscape
and the wood on the decks of the squares and in the outer area
of the food court.
The area is prone to dengue, the breading ground for
mosquitoes
So they decided to remove the plants and ensure the peace of
the customers.
Bromeliad is the symbol of the city and for this reason was
chosen by landscaping team.
The plant in its natural environment , as the ecosystem that
forms in plant tank does not allow the development of the
larvae of the mosquito that transmits dengue.
plants like bamboo orchids, ginger
Shell, Screen Adam and Agapantos,
Also used in the landscaping0
LITERATURE STUDY
41.
SECTIONS
SERRAMAR
PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
42.
SECTION -A
Sun shading is provided by slanting of the
faces of East and West facing facades such
that they protrude past the wide windows.
This keeps the form simple without clutter in
sun-shading elements that would otherwise
seem too much in the design of a shopping
mall.
LITERATURE STUDY
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
43.
ELEVATIONS
ROADSIDE VIEW
The coatings of the blocks are
simple, with textured pasta
special and the details coated
with brown corrugated sheet
metal.
LITERATURE STUDY
MAIN ENTRY
SERRAMAR PAQUE SHOPPING MALL...
44.
MATERIAL USED
•A composition of bright materials is used in the design of this shopping mall
to create a cozy ambience.
• Yellow bamboo louvers are used to provide shade and protection to
circulation areas.
•Timber has also been used to cover walkways from the parking to the built up
area. The use wood and bamboo compliments the wooden tones found in the
inner squares of the mall.
•The finish of the blocks that make up the mall is simple, consisting of
textured monolithic mass and covered with a brown metal plate detail.
•The use of transparent glass on the wide windows especially on the food court
gives a good view to the Mountains and the stream.
Simple finish of the blocks with a textured
monolithic mass and a brown metal plate.
LITERATURE STUDY
WOODEN PATHWAYS
•Materials were chosen with a rustic look,
linked to a more coastal language, but also
be easy to maintain and present a long life.
•The floor of malls will be in portuguese
mosaic with polishing near the windows, and
an exposed concrete ceiling.
•Additional balcony, bamboo, giving a warm
Aesthetic sense.
•The food court will have a porcelain tile that
mimics wood, decking cumaru wood will be
integrated into the square and brings a
viewpoint of the lake,
• the bathrooms are in white Granite and the
lining of the blocks will be a textured
monocapa.
MIMICS WOOD
PORCELAIN TILE