1
Introduction to Indigenous Creative Crafts
Introduction
Throughout Philippine history, craftsmanship and its different forms have always been
prevalent. The Filipinos have an innate inclination to create, exemplifying the state of being
engaged in their craft and taking a sense of joy and pride in their work. The Filipino craftsman
dedicates himself to his art and telling the story of the Philippines, bearing its truest essence-its
soul for the world to see.
Blessed with natural resources, Filipino craftsmen are able to come-up with a
magnificent product that tells a million story not just about their lives but the culture of their
place. Clearly, this reflects Filipino crafts that magnify labors of love and patience. These are
evident in the products of their skillful hands and imaginative minds. Creative crafts in the
Philippines do not only satisfy our senses, but each artwork speaks of the passion and active
involvement of the artists in visualizing, connecting, and appreciating the culture and the creative
manipulation of the objects around.
Do you have what it takes to become a craftsman? In this chapter you will learn the brief
overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts and its significance and relationship to the Hospitality
Course. It is then expected that you will be able to find yourself become an agent of this culturefilled journey. As you will come to know more of these arts and crafts, be ready to become your
most creative self for you will be creating your own handicraft. This journey transcends beyond
“knowing” history or “applying” discussed topics, rather, it is an “awakening” of your soul in
taking responsibility to promote, conserve, and develop Philippine indigenous creative crafts.
Are you ready to take these responsibilities?
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you should be able to:
1. Describe the indigenous creative crafts in the Philippines;
2. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous arts and crafts to the
Hospitality Course; and
3. Develop a sense of responsibility in promoting and conserving the Philippine
culture through arts and crafts.
Activating Prior Knowledge
How CREATIVE are you?
Make a creative ACROSTIC using your first name. Express your thoughts and
expectations regarding this subject. Be creative!
RHEINZ-
Expand your IDEAS! Note as many words as you can associate to the terms inside the
circles below.
INDIGENOUS
PRODUCTS
CRAFTS
ARTS
TOPIC 1: Brief Overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts
Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1.
2.
Identify the different types of traditional Arts and Crafts in the Philippines;
Make a presentation on any of the sub-topics of the brief overview of Philippine Arts
and Crafts; and
3. Develop a sense of hard work and craftsmanship through a simple craft creation.
Presentation of the Content
Arts and Crafts in the Philippines refer to the various forms of the arts that have
developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the
country up to the present era. They reflect the range of artistic influences on the country's
culture, including indigenous forms of the arts, and how these influences have honed the
country's arts.
The traditional arts in the Philippines encompass folk architecture, maritime
transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and
plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of
traditional culture.
Folk Architecture
Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the
structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials.
These abodes can range from the hut-style bahay kubo which utilizes vernacular
mediums in construction, the highland houses called bale that may have four to eight
sides, depending on the ethnic association.
Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers), the
royal residence of the ruler of the Tausug
Dakay house, the oldest surviving coral
houses in the Philippines still used today (c.
1887)
Maritime Transport
Bahay kubo-style Mabini House
Bahay na bato houses
in Intramuros, Manila
Maritime transport in the Philippines includes boat houses, boat-making, and
maritime traditions. These structures, traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and
craftsfolks, were used as the main vehicles of the people, connecting one island to
another, where the seas and rivers became the people's roads. Although boats are believed
to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years since the arrival of humans
through water, the earliest evidence of boat-making and the usage of boats in the country
continues to be dated as 320 AD through the carbon-dating of the Butuan boats that are
identified as remains of a gigantic balangay.
A large karakoa outrigger
warship, 1711
A balangay reconstruction
A paraw in Palawan
An owong at Lake Sebu
Weaving
Weaving is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each
ethnic group having their distinct weaving techniques. The weaving arts are composed of
basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving, and other
forms of weaving.
Cloth and mat weaving
Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult process called
back-strap looming. Fibers such as Cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber are
used in the Filipino weaving arts.
T'nalak
Binakol
A double ikat mat from Sulu
Basketry
The fine art of basket weaving in the Philippines has developed intricate designs
and forms directed for specific purposes such as harvesting, rice storage, travel package,
sword case, and so on. The art is believed to have arrived in the archipelago due to
human migration, where those at the north were the first to learn the art form.
Various rice baskets
Filipino tobacco basket
Carving
The art of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and folk non-clay
sculptures.
Woodcarving
Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in the
Philippines, with some crafts in various ethnic groups date back prior to Hispanic arrival
with perhaps the oldest surviving today are fragments of a wooden boat dating to 320
AD.
Kulintang from Mindanao
Bulul gods
Stone, ivory, and other carvings
Stone carving is a priced art form in the Philippines, even prior to the arrival of
Western colonizers, as seen in the stone likha and larauan or tao-tao crafts of the natives.
These items usually represents either an ancestor or a deity who aids the spirit of a loved
one to go into the afterlife properly.
Carved marbles from Romblon
Stone carvings at the facade
of Miagao Church, world heritage
site and a National Cultural
Treasure
Folk graphic and plastic arts
The fields under folk graphic and plastic arts are tattooing, folk writing, and folk
drawing and painting.
Folk writing (calligraphy)
The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as suyat, each
of which has their own forms and styles of calligraphy. Various ethno-linguistic groups in
the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century up to the independence
era in the 21st century have used the scripts with various mediums. By the end of
colonialism, only four of the suyat scripts survived and continue to be used by certain
communities in everyday life.
Folk paintings
Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that usually include depictions
of folk culture. Evidences suggest that the people of the archipelago have been painting
and glazing their potteries for thousands of years. Pigments used in paintings range from
gold, yellow, reddish purple, green, white, blue-green, to blue.
Ornament, textile, or fiber art
Ornament, textile, or fiber art includes a variety of fields, ranging from hatmaking, mask-making, accessory-making, to ornamental metal crafts, and many others.
Hat-making, mask-making, and related arts
Hat-making is a fine art in many communities throughout the country, with the
gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one of the most prized. Indigenous
Filipino hats were widely used in the daily lives of the people until the 20th century when
they were replaced by Western-style hats. They are currently worn during certain
occasions, such as festivals, rituals, or in theatre
The art of mask creation is both an indigenous and imported tradition, as certain
communities have mask-making practices prior to colonization, while some mask-making
traditions were introduced through trade from parts of Asia and the West. Today, these
masks are worn mostly during festivals, Moriones Festival, and MassKara Festival.
Accessory-making
Accessories in the Philippines are almost always worn with their respective
combination of garments, with some being used as accessories for houses, altars, and
other objects.
Pottery
The art of pottery, categorized into ceramic making, clay pot-making, and folk
clay sculpture, has long been a part of various cultures in the Philippines, with evidence
pointing to a pottery culture dating around 3,500 years ago. Important pottery artifacts
from the Philippines include the Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and the Maitum
anthropomorphic pottery (5 BC-225 AD).
Manunggul
Jar from Palawan (890–710
BC), a National Cultural
Treasure
Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial
Jar No. 13 (5 BC-370 AD),
a National Cultural Treasure
Application
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the following terms in 2 sentences.
Philippine Art
Indigenous woodcarving
Weaving
folk graphic
Folk architecture
Pottery
B. Complete the table. Consider researching on the crafts listed in the first
column of the table and identify the type of traditional art they belong
including its brief description.
ART/CRAFT
Kawayan Torogan
Coral houses
Banaue Rice Terraces
modernized falua
Rayon Malong
Vakul
Standing bulul
The Mother's Revenge
(1894)
Ilongot hair ornament
Bas relief
TYPE OF
TRADITIONAL ART
Description
Feedback
A. With any resources available in your location, make your own handicraft that
can be done in small amount of time. Afterwhich, evaluate yourself and your
output by answering the following questions:
1. What difficulties did you encounter?
2. What skills have you acquired?
3. Why do hard work and craftsmanship play a very important role in making
handicraft?
4. What is your message to our Filipino craftsmen?
You will be graded according to this rubric:
Advanced
25
Understanding
25 pts
Demonstration
that instructions
and concepts are
understood.
Craftsmanship/
Skill
25 pts
Neatness,
precision, care.
Creativity/
Originality
25 pts
Proficient
20
What it takes to
finish the project
as well as
possible, time
dedicated to the
project inside
and/or out of
class.
Below Basic
10
Advanced
Proficient
Moderate
Below Basic
The artwork is
planned
carefully;
understanding of
most concepts
and instructions
is shown.
Advanced
The art work is
planned
adequately;
understanding of
some concepts
and instructions
shown.
Proficient
The artwork
shows little
evidence of
understanding
the concepts and
instructions.
The artwork
shows no
understanding of
the concepts and
instructions.
Moderate
Below Basic
The artwork
shows good
craftmanship,
with some
attention to
detail.
The artwork
shows average
craftmanship
and attention to
detail.
The artwork
shows below
average
craftmanship
and little
attention to
detail.
Moderate
The artwork
shows poor
craftmanship and
no attention to
detail.
The artwork
demonstrates an
average amount
of personal
expression.
The artwork
demonstrates
little personal
expression and
problem solving
skills.
The artwork
lacks evidence
of personal
expression.
Proficient
Moderate
Below Basic
The student put
forth the effort
required to finish
the project; used
class time
adequately.
The student put
forth the effort
required to finish
the project;
usedclass time
adequately.
The student put
forth no effort or
the project was
not completed;
class time was
not used well.
Advanced
Inventiveness,
expression of
ideas and
imagination.
Effort
25 pts
Moderate
15
The artwork
demonstrates
some personal
expression and
logical problem
solving skills.
Advanced
The student put
forth the effort
required to
complete the
project well;
used class time
well.
Proficient
Below Basic
B. VIDEO PRESENTATION
1. Choose any sub-topic from this chapter and research more information
about it. Present your output through an informative 5-minute video report
(creative vlog).
2. Include your accomplishments from Activity A in the said vlog. Upload
your outputs in your Facebook Account, don’t forget to tag your teacher.
Use the #PhilArtsOverView
You will be graded according to this rubric:
Contribution
Content
Quality
Speech &
Grammar
References &
Support
Advanced
10 pts
Advanced
Proficient
9 pts
Proficient
Developing
7 pts
Developing
Beginning
5 pts
Beginning
Participates
beyond the
required number
of postings,
including
discussion on
other students'
posts.
Participates, but
does not post
anything that
encourages others
to respond.
Participates with
the required
number of
postings.
Responds to
questions from
others when
present.
Proficient
Participates, but does
not meet the
minimum number of
posts. Few to no
discussion or
comments with
others. Some
comments to other or
response to
questions.
Posting is less than 50%
complete or posting does
not further any discussions.
No response to classmate's
posting or questions.
Developing
Beginning
Appropriate,
engaging,
reflective, and
respectful to
others. Vlogs are
in-depth,
analytical,
reflective, make a
point and make
connections
beyond the text.
Advanced
Appropriate and
respectful to
others. Vlogs
have a purpose or
main topic about
reading and is
reflective.
Vlogs and comments
done, but lacks
engagement, analysis
or substantial
reflection, or may be
off topic.
Vlogs not engaging, are
irrelevant, or are difficult to
follow in meaning.
Proficient
Developing
Beginning
Vlog has
originality and
flair,
emphasizing
important points;
contains no
errors in
grammar.
Advanced
Speech is fluent.
Vlog may contain
one or two errors
in grammar;
errors do not
impede viewer's
understanding.
Vlog may contain
several errors in
grammar; errors may
impede viwer's
understanding.
Speech lack fluency.
Vlog may contain
significant errors in
grammar; errors may cause
confusion for the viewer.
Speech is choppy without
complete sentences or clear
topic.
Proficient
Developing
Beginning
Consistently uses
direct references
to outside
sources to
support thoughts.
Uses MLA
citations
correctly.
Incorporates
some references
from outside
sources, but may
not be consistent.
Errors in MLA
citation.
Discusses references
from outside sources
in a general way, but
doesn't use specific
references.
Advanced
Includes no references or
supporting evidence.
TOPIC 2: Significance and Relationship of Indigenous Arts and Crafts
to the Hospitality Course
Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1.
Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous creative arts and crafts to the
Hospitality Course; and
2. Make a promotional poster regarding the significance and relationship of indigenous
creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.
Presentation of the Content
Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Opening doors of
opportunity for the Students
The Hospitality Course is known for its vast paced of innovation that requires a large
amount of creativity in many forms. Through these indigenous creative arts and crafts,
hospitality students get to experience an opportunity that allows them to explore different
culture, examine different form of arts, and portray appreciation to craftsmanship. This widely
supports their personal, social, moral, spiritual, cultural and creative development, and enables
them to engage with and explore visual, tactile and other sensory experiences and how to
recognize and communicate ideas and meanings. These opportunities enable them to work with
traditional and new media, so that they develop confidence, competence, imagination and
creativity.
Through these opportunities, they learn to appreciate and value images and artifacts
across times and cultures, and to understand the contexts in which they were made. Experiences
in art, craft and design enable them to learn how to reflect critically on their own and others’
work. They learn to think and act as artists, makers and designers, working creatively and
intelligently. They develop an appreciation of and engagement in art, craft and design as critical
consumers and audiences and an understanding of its role in the creative and cultural industries
that shape and enrich their lives.
Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Promoting Culture
through Tourism
In return, as students will “explore different culture, examine different form of arts, and
portray appreciation to craftsmanship”, a certain indigenous art can be known throughout the
world that will inevitably pave the promotion of culture and other products of a certain locale.
Art and craft is considered to be an integral part of the tourism business, since it plays an
important role as souvenirs and mementos, thereby spatially and temporarily expanding the
visitor experience. It is also increasingly looked upon as an opportunity to diversify the tourism
sector offerings, as well as the broader economic base. It links directly to the tourism sector as a
source of supply of functional items used in the hospitality sector.
Indigenous arts and crafts served to enhance the intrinsic value of local art and craft to
international visitors. This is because local art and craft maintain the quality of uniqueness, and
represent an innate connection to the heritage and culture of the destination, as well as the
indigenous knowledge and craftsmanship of local artisans.
In many places, crafts such as textiles and art contribute greatly to the culture of a
destination and the travel experience. Crafts can be an important contributor to a country’s
economy, employing artisans that are preserving cultural heritage, while generating an important
source of income through the informal sector. The tourism industry provides an important export
market for a host of craft products. For example, hotels and restaurants demand diverse craft
products in order to furnish and equip their establishments. Tourists often set a budget for
themselves expecting to buy different products to take home as souvenirs. These souvenirs then
serve as tourism marketing tools by telling a story of the destination and adding to the travel
experience.
Application
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the significance and relationship of
indigenous arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course. Make use of the
graphical organizers below.
?
Significance
?
?
?
Relationship
?
?
B. What is the role of Hospitality Course in promoting culture through
indigenous art and crafts? Use the graphical organizer below.
4
3
2
THE ROLE
OF
1
HOSPITALITY
COURSE IN
PROMOTING
CULTURE
Feedback
A. Photo essay.
First Picture- your picture. Introduce yourself and explain why you have
chosen hospitality as your course.
Second Picture- your locality. Tell something about your town, its distinct
culture.
Third Picture- indigenous arts and crafts available in your area
(downloadable). Tell something about these products.
Fourth Picture- your vision of your town and its indigenous products. Discuss
briefly.
Fifth Picture- your role in promoting culture. Be creative in electing a photo
and explain your role as a student in the Hospitality Course in promoting
Philippine indigenous art and crafts.
Rubric:
Visual Text
40 %
(photographs/images)
Typography & Semantics
20 %
Exemplary
4 pts
Exemplary
Proficient
3 pts
Proficient
Emerging
2 pts
Emerging
Developing
1 pt
Developing
All of the images
are appropriate to
the topic,
evocative, visually
captivating, and
show unique
perspectives of the
theme.
Exemplary
Most of the images are
appropriate to the
topic, evocative,
visually captivating,
and show unique
perspectives of the
theme.
Some of the images are
appropriate to the topic,
evocative, visually
captivating, and show
unique perspectives of
the theme.
Few of the images are
appropriate to the topic,
evocative, visually
captivating, and show
unique perspectives of
the theme.
Proficient
Emerging
Developing
Title and captions
compliment the
images and work
Title and captions
compliment the
images and often work
Title and captions
sometimes compliment
the images but
Title and captions
seldom compliment the
images and do not work
(the meaning,
arrangement, and
appearance of printed
matter)
Organization
20 %
(how the various elements
are organized)
Overall
Impression/Aesthetic
Effect
10 %
(the overall psychological
response to the photo essay
as a work of artistic
rhetoric)
Theme
10 %
(the universal insight that
is communicated by the
essay)
together
harmoniously to
reinforce the
theme
consistently.
Exemplary
together to reinforce
the theme.
inconsistently work
together to reinforce the
theme.
together to reinforce the
theme.
Proficient
Emerging
Developing
Presentation
includes student
name and the
photo story title.
Each slide
includes an image
and accompanying
text. Photos are
carefully
sequenced to build
emotion and
communicate
thematically.
Exemplary
Presentation includes
student name and the
photo story title. Each
slide includes an
image and
accompanying text.
Photos create emotion
and communicate
thematically.
Presentation includes
student name and the
photo story title. Each
slide includes an image
and accompanying text.
Photos create emotion
and represent subject
matter.
Presentation includes
student name and the
photo story title. Each
slide includes an image
and accompanying text.
Photos inconsistently
create emotion and may
veer from subject matter.
Proficient
Emerging
Developing
Photo essay
evokes strong
emotion and
evidences
creativity. The
presentation as a
whole is
aesthetically
harmonious.
Exemplary
Photo essay often
evokes emotion and
evidences creativity.
The presentation as a
whole is aesthetically
pleasing.
Proficient
Emerging
Theme is clear
and welldeveloped
throughout entire
photo essay.
Theme is clear and
well-developed
throughout most of the
photo essay.
Theme is clear and
well-developed
throughout some of the
photo essay.
Photo essay
occastionally evokes
emotion and evidences
some creativity. The
presentation as a whole
is aesthetically
pleasing.
Photo essay
inconsistently evokes
emotion and evidences
little creativity. The
presentation as a whole
is spits in the face of
aesthetics.
Developing
Theme is unclear or not
well-developed
throughout the photo
essay.
B. Make a poster about the the significance and relationship of indigenous
creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.
Rubric:
Content Knowledge
Advanced
4 pts
Advanced
Proficient
3 pts
Proficient
Needs Improvement
2 pts
Needs Improvement
Failing
1 pt
The poster
includes all
information
relevant to the
topic. The poster
is creative, clear
and concise.
Poster includes all
relevant
information;
however, it is not
very well-organized
or easily
understood.
Poster does not have all of the
relevant information.
Information is presented in an
unorganized fashion and may be
hard to understand.
The poster does not
include the required
information.
Failing
Work quality/effort
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement
The work was done
with good effort
that shows what the
learner is capable
of. It is evident that
time was put into
this poster and
presentation.
Creativity
The work done
exceeds all
expectations and
shows that the
learner is proud of
his/her work. The
effort that was put
into this task is the
best it can be by
the learner.
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement
Failing
Contains students
own writing and
drawing. Lots of
colors, shapes, and
appealing design.
Shows the student
spent time creating
and designing the
poster.
Not very appealing. Limited use
of creative materials. Not alot of
color/shapes/design. Most of the
artwork is the student's own.
Lacks original artwork.
Does not make good use
of space on the poster.
Messy. Lacks color.
Format
Eye catching.
Great use of
colors, texture,
shapes, and
spacing on poster.
Artwork is the
students own & is
neat. Writing is
easy to read.
Shows the student
can express ideas
through art.
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement
Failing
Poster is of
exceptional
quality and
presentation.
Nothing hanging
or falling off.
Poster is correct
size, clean and
neatly displayed.
No items falling
off.
Work is done with fair effort,
but the quality is still not what
the learner is capable of. It is
evident that the work was
rushed.
Poster board is damaged or
poorly presented. Some items
possibly falling off.
Failing
Work is done with little
effort, quality is not
what the learner is
capable of. It is evident
that the work was
rushed and little time
was spent on the final
product. Work is
incomplete.
Poster is not on required
poster board.
Pieces/items falling or
hanging off.
Student Reflect on Learning
Do I really understand my role in promoting Philippine indigenous art and crafts? What
are the specific things that I can do to actualize this role?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
References:
https://steemit.com/traditional/@lapilipinas/philippines-ethnic-art-and-crafts
https://www.techpopop.com/2012/12/what-is-indigenous-materials.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/indigenous
https://www.google.com/search?
safe=strict&sxsrf=ALeKk00VDoOhOnQeyXvuiAmrECMHVMdvuw
%3A1596643856501&ei=ENoqX7SUHoGwmAX19JdI&q=crafts+definition&oq=crafts+def&g
s_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAxgAMgoIABCRAhBGEPkBMgIIADICCAAyCAgAEBYQChAeMggI
ABAWEAoQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWE
B46BAgAEEM6BggAEAoQQzoICC4QxwEQrwE6BwgAEBQQhwI6BAgAEApQ401Yoldg6m
NoAHAAeACAAdwCiAGSC5IBBzAuMS4xLjOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient
=psy-ab#dobs=indigenous%20products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines
https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43305/S1701179_en.pdf?sequence=1
https://www.rcampus.com/login.cfm?&fltoken=1596688264112&
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=HXW6823&sp=true